filename,text
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029117.txt,"From: Robert Lawrence Kuhn

Sent: 12/29/2017 10:03:58 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re: Kuhn - Breakthroughs (and Trump)

Importance: — High

Agree! ‘Get It Right’ is singular priority - we think alike. This is the Role and Importance of pre-production.
Funds adequate.

Clarity critical, as is charisma. However, given intimacy of TV interviews, it’s not always apparent upfront who
communicates well. Usually by not always. Sometimes someone who is a great lecturer to 500 students falls flat
or off puts as arrogant. Sometimes a mousey introvert with intense eye and facial expressions sparkles and

radiates. There is no substitute, however, for clarity.

Looking forward to discussion.

Sent from my iPhone
On Dec 29, 2017, at 3:35 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

it need to be about the topic and the person. some of these people are not engaging at all. Im happy to pay
for more preprduction to get it right.

On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 3:21 PM, Robert Kuhn iii wrote:
Terrific; looking forward.

Excited to go through math candidates on the list, others too.

Equally important, discuss edits/modifications to the 13 episodes (cutting blahs), expanding math episodes -
see below. Assuming we expand math episodes, we will need more mathematicians.

How’s late afternoon after 5:30 pm / early evening today? - or weekend, day/times? (Family issues today -
mother 102 in May.)

RADICAL BREAKTHROUGHS - Initial Revisions (working model for discussion, red is new)

Expand and Modify Mathematical Breakthrough episodes
1. Mathematics and Truth / Overview / Show Excitement/Importance
2. Mathematical Fields / Diverse New Kinds and Categories

3. How Math Works in Disparate Areas of Knowledge (from fundamental physics to chemistry,
biology [molecular and evolutionary|, psychology, sociology, economics, etc.)

4. Power Laws

5. Mathematical Biology

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029117
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032068.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 9/22/2011 10:19:51 AM 
To: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
Subject: Re: Gps GTX Smart Shoe 
we will have dinnner at 8 „ you can bring your maldives friend or anyone else. ( no women ). we should 
spend an hour together just the two of us. today tomorrow:? It is always fun to see you 
On Thu, Sep 22, 2011 at 12:46 AM, Sultan Bin Sulayem wrote: 
• About GTX 
• Products & Services 
• Platform 
• News 
• Contact Us 
• Investors 
• Press 
• Blog 
• 
• 
• 
Videos 
0 
Watch Video 
o GTX Corp on YouTube 
o Locimobile 
NEWS 
Patrick Bertagna Interviewed on 
Travel Talk Radio with Sandy Dhuyvetter 
____ Patrick Bertagna, founder and co-inventor of the GTX Smart Shoe, joins Sandy to 
discuss this new invention and what it means to patients and families. 
The Executive Producer and Host of TravelTalkMEDIA is Ms. Sandy Dhuyvetter, one of the 
world's leading travel industry media specialists. Following a successful career as a pioneer in the 
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intemet industry and new media in the San Francisco area, Sandy established TravelTalkMEDIA 
in 2001 to provide radio and web-based, online information to the U.S. and global travel industry. 
Listen to the radio interview (MP3) 
GTX Corp's Tracking Apps Hit One Million Dowloads 
GPS Wolrd - July 12, 2011 - GPS Tracking Apps, from GTX Corp subsidiary 
LOCiMOBILE, have been downloaded more than one million times by users in 116 countries, and 
continues to be on the top charts of iTunes and Android marketplace, the company said. 
""The GPS Tracking app is the simplest way to stay connected to a child, parent, friend or business 
associate, quickly and accurately from a Smartphone or Internet-ready device like the iPad, iPod 
or Android tablet, allowing users to locate people, instantly with one simple touch of a button,"" 
said Patrick Bertagna, CEO of GTX Corp. ""We also offer it at a price everyone can afford without 
compromising privacy."" 
Read the full article 
GTX Corp... More'n A Million Served (GPS) 
This App has managed to stay quite popular in both iTunes and Android online sites... 
SatNews Daily - July 1, 2011 - GTX Corp. (OTCBB: GTX0.0B), a 
provider of real-time two way GPS Tracking and personal location 
services (PLS) has announced its LOCiMOBILE subsidiary's GPS 
Tracking Apps has managed more than 1 Million downloads with 
users in 116 countries and continues to be on the top charts of iTunes 
and Android market place. ""The GPS Tracking app is the simplest way to stay connected to a 
child, parent, friend or business associate, quickly and accurately from a Smartphone or intemet 
ready device like the iPad, iPod or Android tablet, allowing users to locate people, instantly with 
one simple touch of a button,"" said Patrick Bertagna, CEO of GTX Corp. ""We also offer it at a 
price everyone can afford without compromising privacy."" 
Read the full article 
Professor Andy Carle talks about ""Nana"" technology and the GPS Smart ShoeTM 
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Radio show called ""Wriggling in the Middle"", based out of Canton, Ohio and syndicated 
nationally through FOX radio network. 
http ://www.whb c . c om/Wrigg ling-In- The-Middle/6636686  
For anyone who would like to skip directly to the shoes, go to the link below, scroll down to the 
show listing (March 28) and fast forward to about the 26-minute mark. The conversation on the 
shoes lasts about 7 minutes. 
Proximity marketing will push location based service revenues to nearly $13 billion over the 
next few years. 
SatNews Daily - March 23, 2011 - GTX Corp (OTCBB: GTXO) and ADAM, Inc. have 
entered into an exclusive revenue share agreement allowing 123 Chambers of Commerce 
representing more than 100,000 businesses nationwide to push out proximity alert promotions, 
using the GTX Corp GPS/PLS Platform and leveraging its growing GPS Tracking Smartphone 
App user base. Gartner reports that 42 percent of consumers use their phone to check a store 
location, 31% use it for a mobile promotion, and 17 percent use their phone for the actual 
purchase. 
Read the full article 
GTX Corp. Joins with Chambers of Commerce on Location Advertising 
GPS World - March 22, 2011 - GTX Corp., which provides two-way GPS Personal 
Location Services (PLS), and ADAM, Inc., a platform for Hyper Local Mobile Apps for 
Directories, entered into an exclusive revenue share agreement allowing 123 Chambers of 
Commerce representing more than 100,000 businesses nationwide to push out proximity alert 
promotions, using the GTX Corp GPS/PLS Platform and leveraging its growing GPS Tracking 
Smartphone App user base, GTX Corp. announced. 
Read the full article 
New Tech Is Helping Families With Special Needs 
March 17, 2011 8:52 PM - MIAMI (CBS4) — New technology is making life a little easier for 
people with special needs and their families. 
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The GTX Corp. is introducing new shoes, loafers and sneakers, with GPS built into them. CBS 
technology expert Katie Linendoll said they can really come in handy for families who are taking 
care of relatives suffering from Alzheimer's disease. With a downloadable app, they can track 
them using the GPS or get an alert if the person wanders out of a pre-set safe zone. 
Read the full story and view the video 
Technology for seniors 
Great Day Show - CBS KHou.com - Houston - March 23, 2011 
Truly groundbreaking tech to ch awe our live, 
CBS News - Early Show - March 17, 2011 - The shoe uses GPS and cellular technologies. It 
gives a family member or a caregiver the option of monitoring real-time from the Internet or on 
your phone... 
Watch the CBS Early Show video 
GTX's GPS Tracking Apps For iPhone 
Apps allow you to let family, friends know your location 
Joel Mathis, Macworld.com - If the federal government tagged millions of iPhone users with 
GPS tracking devices, the American people—or, at least, Apple devotees—might protest very 
strongly. But iPhones these days come with GPS installed, and companies make good money 
furnishing apps that utilize that very feature. On this list: GTX, who offers a pair of $4 GPS 
apps—GPS Tracking and Tracking—that provide workmanlike solutions for users who want to 
keep an electronic eye on their loved ones. 
Read the full article 
Going Gray-Where Technology's Headed - Entering the Gray-Tech Revolution 
World Market Media - Brittney Barrett - February 16, 2011 
Over the next 20 years, 80 million baby boomers will enter their 
sixties and seventies in the U.S. alone. In the next 40, the number of senior citizens will double. 
For the government, this represents a huge financial burden resultant from rising Medicare and 
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Social Security costs. For industries focused on late-life care and creating products that cater to the 
aging demographic; however, this population shift represents a major opportunity. 
Read the full article 
Walk to Remember? A National Academy of Sciences Study Says Yes 
February 13, 2011 - In healthy adults, the hippocampus — a part of the brain important to the 
formation of memories — begins to atrophy around 55 or 60 and even sooner to an even greater 
degree if one contracts Alzheimer's. Now psychologists are suggesting that the hippocampus can 
be modestly expanded, and memory improved, by nothing more than regular walking. 
Read the full article 
GTX's New Patent...Smart Shoe Has Heart In Its Sole (GPS) 
Satnews Daily - February 09, 2011 - GTX Corp (OTCBB: GTXO) has a big heart that is 
manifested in their sole. GTX, known for customizable, 2-way GPS Personal Location Services 
(PLS) solutions, was granted its ninth patent for their innovative and potentially life saving GPS 
Smart Shoe technology. 
By the year 2050, there will be 16 million adults with Alzheimer's in the U.S. alone. The multi 
patent GPS Smart ShoeTM will afford millions of caregivers the means to remotely monitor those 
afflicted with Alzheimer's that become lost due to wondering. 
Read the full article 
GPS Shoes — Footsteps to the Future... 
World Market Media - Brittney Barrett - February 7, 2011 
Every 70 seconds, someone in America develops Alzheimer's, according to the Alzheimer's 
Association 60% will wander away from their homes or care facilities at some point during their 
affliction with the disease. Worse, it's even more difficult to find a missing senior citizen than a 
missing child, as fewer people will take note of older person walking alone than they would a 
small child. 
Read the full article 
GPS Tracking Technology — How it works 
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GPS Tracking Apps are available for most smartphones. 
Watch this video to learn how GPS Tracking Technology works and what it can do for you. 
GPS Tracking Apps installed on over 850,000 smart phones 
GPS Tracking Apps by LOCiMOBILE are installed on over 850,000 smart phones in over 106 
countries. 
LOCiMOBILE is a leader in 2-way GPS Tracking Solutions providing the ability to find your 
loved ones quickly and easily with one touch of a finger. But don't stop there, get creative with it; 
track your drivers in real-time, see when your relatives land at the airport... with turn by turn 
directions, you will never get lost again! 
Read the full article 
Locimobile GPS Tracker App Now for the iPad 
Well it looks like the iPad's next leap is to become a GPS tracker. Locimobile, which makes GPS 
Tracking Apps for iPhones, iPods and smartphones is now taking on the iPad. From the comfort of 
your own home and on a much bigger screen, you can keep tabs on your spouse or kids and see in 
greater detail than before, where they are off too or hanging out. Will the iPad be the cause for the 
next big celebrity break-up?! Who knows but in the mean time you can use it to keep tabs on your 
own family for only $4.99 
Proximity marketing will push Location Based Services revenues to nearly $13 Billion 
Knowing where you are will give you the answer to the ""where is"" question. 
Recent developments in GPS positioning technologies could drive revenues from mobile location-
based services to more than $12.7 billion by 2014, according to a new report published by Juniper 
Research. 
Revenues will come from sales of apps through application stores and other channels, but also 
from mobile advertising tied to those apps. In fact, the Juniper report notes that advertising will 
likely form an increasing share of Mobile Location Based Services-related revenues over the next 
five years. 
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Read the full article 
GPS Technology Mentioned In State of the Union Address as Growth Driver 
World Market Media - Brittney Barrett - January 26, 2011 
""The rules have changed. In a single generation, revolutions in technology have transformed ____ 
the way we live, work and do business"" said President Barack Obama last night, during his second 
State Of The Union address to the 112th Congress of the United States and 1.3 million Americans 
watching the speech from their homes. 
Read the full article 
Patrick Bertagna interview with Bob McCormick from CBS Los Angeles, Money 101 
January 17, 2011 - Being an apps developer can pay off handsomely 
when you fill a need. 
Click here to listen to the interview 
LBSN — What It Is And Why You Should Care 
Marsha Ahrenkiel - January 13, 2011 - Shades of The Island of Dr. Moreau! (hint: Google H.G. 
Wells) Modem-day mad scientists (let's call them ""software developers"") have been merging 
social networking concepts with a range of other technologies and rolling out new hybrid beasts 
that could eventually change your marketing and public relations strategies. 
One that we're keeping a close eye on here is a species known as ""location based social 
networking"" (LBSN) — combining short message service (SMS), aspects of gaming, smartphone 
technologies and GPS capabilities. 
Read the full article 
GTX Corp - Year in Review 2010 
SatMagazine - December 2010 - GTX Corp is in the business of keeping you connected — __ 
the Company continues to be at the forefront of the personal location industry and debuting new 
technologies that impact how you ask the ""where is"" question. 
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Read the full article 
Future Family: Life In the Digital Age preview. 
The Discovery Channel - Nov. 13, 2010 - This patient education program explores how 
baby boomers the 78 million Americans born in the wake of World War II are embracing 
technology to better manage increased work and home responsibilities. Future Family discusses 
the GPS footwear by GTX Corp. 
View the show - Part I 
View the show - Part 2 
Wireless Technology on Black Friday: Smart Phones Good, PNDs Bad According to 
WedBush 
World Market Media - Tom Copeland - December 1, 2010 - 
The biggest holiday shopping days of the year has passed and many 
investors want to know: How did wireless technology do? According to Scott Sutherland, CFA 
with Wedbush Securities, the answer is pretty good — depending on which companies you're 
invested in. 
Read the full article 
Andrew Carle on Elder Tech Trends 
Eldergadget.com - November 5, 2010 - ElderGadget's Michael Goldman starts the series 
with a conversation with Andrew Carle, an Assistant Professor at George Mason University. 
Andrew is also an expert on technology development for seniors, and is a consultant for the 
Nintendo Corp., GTX Corp., and several other companies about how to make their newest gadgets 
more elder friendly. 
Listen to Podcast interview with Andrew Carle 
How does a GPS tracking system work? 
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Patrick Bertagna, GTX Corp. - 10/26/2010 - Global Positioning System (GPS) is a 
worldwide radio-navigation system formed from the constellation of 24 satellites and their ground 
stations. The Global Positioning System is mainly funded and controlled by the U.S Department of 
Defense (DOD). The system was initially designed for the operation of U. S. military. But today, 
there are also many civil users of GPS across the whole world. The civil users are allowed to use 
the Standard Positioning Service without any kind of charge or restrictions. 
Read the full article 
GPS Elder Applications 
Eldergadget.com - October 21, 2010 - The rapid evolution of Global Positioning Satellite 
(GPS) tracking technology is producing new applications of particular interest to seniors, their 
families, and caregivers. One of the most active companies in this space is GTX Corp. GTX is the 
company behind the patented GPS Smart ShoeTM , in partnership with footwear manufacturer 
Aetrex Worldwide. The shoe was developed to provide peace of mind for families with senior-age 
loved ones suffering from Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia. Available on the Internet at 
the GPS Shoe, Aetrex, and Foot.com sites, the shoe should also be available in retail stores some 
time in 2011, according to GTX Corp. chairman/president Patrick Bertagna. 
Read the full story 
The ""Where"" or Your Social Media Network - iCheck-In 
World Market Media - Tom Copeland - November 15, 2010 - 
Checking in is a movement that's really starting to catch on, and 
companies are scrambling to develop and release check-in apps and services. GTX Corp 
committed to being the ""better people finder"", owns and operates LOCiMOBILE, Inc. which 
developsGPS Tracking location based social networking (LBSN) mobile applications, today 
released its 17th App - iCheck-In, the fastest and easiest way to ""check-in"" and stay connected to 
everyone in your mobile contact list and your Facebook and Twitter friends. 
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Read the full story 
App News 
On Saturday, CBS News broadcasted a segment on The Early Show called ""Unique Ways on ___ 
Keeping Kids Safe on Halloween"" in which CNET technology contributor Katie Linendoll 
showcased a few charming gadgets to help track children while they're out and about. Naturally, 
GTX Corp's iPhone, iPad, Android and Samsung GPS Tracking Apps iLoci2 and GPS Tracking 
Pro were highlighted for their easy-to-use yet powerful features. 
View the show 
Patrick Bertagna GTX Corp CEO on the Peggy Smedley Show 
Oct. 26, 2010 - wsRadio 
Listen to an interview with 
Patrick Bertagna, GTX Corp CEO, 
on The Peggy Smedley Show 
Click here to listen 
GPS Smart Shoe TM Wins 2010 People's Choice Award 
LOS ANGELES, Oct. 12, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - 
GTX Corp (OTCBB:GTX0 - News) has won the prestigious 2010 People's Choice Award for 
Most Innovative Connected Location Device at the 4th Annual Locations & Beyond Summit this 
past week. 
""We are honored to have won this prestigious award and look forward to continue to bring 
innovative and game changing technologies that transform how we utilize GPS tracking and stay 
connected to one another,"" says Patrick Bertagna, CEO and founder of GTX Corp. 
Read the full story 
Wall Street Reporter Interview 
Audio interview with Patrick Bertanga, CEO, GTX Corp 
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Click here and then on Audio MP3 button to listen to the interview. 
Safety afoot, via GPS, for Alzheimer's patients 
USA Weekend - PEGGY J. NOONAN - October 17, 2010 
A tiny GPS chip embedded in the sole of the shoe provides continuous tracking ... The GPS Shoe 
by Aetrex is available from Foot.com and GPSShoe.com now for ... 
Read the full story 
GTX Corp. (OTCBB: GTXO) Wins 2010 Peoples Choice Award 
Tom Copeland - October 11, 2010 - World Market Media 
The GPS Smart ShoeTM was nominated for Most Innovative Location 
Connected Device at the Locations and Beyond Summit that was held 
last week during the CTIA show and CEO Patrick Bertagna confirmed with us - GTXO had won! 
Read the full story 
With 675,000 Downloads in 91 Countries GPS Tracking Apps Leader GTX Corp Launches 3 
New GPS and LBS Apps 
GPS Tracking Apps Keep You Connected to Everyone, Everywhere 
LOS ANGELES,CA - Tuesday, September, 28th 2010 - GTX Corp business unit LOCiMOBILE, 
Inc. is launching a series of GPS and personal location - based ""apps"" and web services solidifying 
its leadership position in the mobile LBS market, which mobile carriers are calling ""Pure Gold"". 
Read the full story 
Not All Who Wander Are Lost 
Donna Fannin - Gather News Technology - October 17, 2010 
GPS shoes are coming to a retailer near you. Why in the world would anyone want a 
GPS tracker in their shoes, you ask? Generally, they don't, if they know about it. 
Read the full story 
People Choice Tries on GPS Smart Shoe 
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By Peter Suciu - Kinetic Shift - October 13, 2010 
While there are many tracking programs out there for children and even teens, GTX Corp 
introduced an innovative product aimed at adults suffering from Alzheimer's disease and other 
dementias. Many sufferers are actually in good physical condition and thus aren't confined to a 
room or even a house. To keep track of loved ones, the company came up with a novel idea — 
namely putting a tracking device in the footwear. 
Read the full story 
GTX Corp... Phone Finder (GPS) 
Satnews Daily - September 28, 2010 
GTX Corp (OTCBB: GTX0.0B) business unit LOCiMOBILE, Inc. is launching a series of GPS 
and personal location-based ""apps"" and web services. 
The new apps all have a GPS component and are designed to add the ""where is"" factor to 
functionality. The Company launched on the Android market place Phone TrackingTm in case you 
lose or misplace your phone. More than 70 million phones are reported lost or stolen in the US 
each year, but while the loss of a phone may be annoying, the loss of personal and business data 
could be devastating. 
Read the full story 
Gadgets -These Shoes Were Made for Tracking 
By Erin Monda - TMCnet Contributor - September 22, 2010 
There is no end to the wonderments that shoes can achieve (a certain pair of ruby Mary Janes 
comes to mind) — and one company is pushing the envelope even further (although not quite as far 
as Oz). 
I'm referring to GTX, a company integrating two-way GPS people-finding technologies into 
consumer products and applications. The company utilizes the latest in miniaturized global 
positioning system (GPS) tracking and cellular location technology, enabling subscribers to track 
in real time the whereabouts of people, pets, or high valued assets through its customizable 
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transceiver module, wireless connectivity gateway, middleware, and viewing portals. 
Read the full story 
Costs of Alzheimer's will touch 1% of Global GDP in 2010 
By World Market Media 
The rising need for GTX Corp's technology continues to be influenced by the increasing numbers 
of elderly and those that are memory impaired, and so the epic battle of technology and illness 
wages on. ... 
Read the full story 
Do you know what the Most Innovative Location Device is? 
No it's not a compass or an astrolabe. It's not semaphore or a smoke signal. Not an RFID tag or a 
neon sign or phosphorous flare either. 
Give up? 
It's the GPS Smart ShoeTM recently mentioned in Forbes Magazine, developed by GTX Corp 
(OTCBB: GTX0.0B) and licensed to Aetrex Worldwide. Yes, a shoe. .well a very smart shoe as 
it can tell a caregiver the precise location, bearing, history, speed and altitude of an Alzheimer's 
victim that has eloped or wandered. No small feat — pun intended — to reduce the overwhelming 
stress on the millions of victim caregivers while potentially saving thousands from injuries and 
death owing to exposure, accidents and criminal activity. The GPS Shoe also reduces the 
manpower drain on municipal services; fire, police and welfare agencies often enlisted to locate 
the mentally ill. 
While a Finalist in the Most Innovative Location Device category of the Locations & Beyond 
Summit and the People's Choice Awards is a wonderful acknowledgment for the years GTXO 
invested in developing the solution and the promise that Aetrex has made in bringing the Shoe to 
market... the real winners are those touched by this devastating disease for which there is no cure, 
but now have a new measure of hope. 
'Nanatech': Seniors Stay Independent With Tech Gadgets 
Senior Tech - Ashlea Ebeling, 09.15.10 
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The GPS shoes from GTX ( GTXO - news - people ) tackle another senior problem--folks 
who have Alzheimer's who wander and are at risk of getting lost or injured. A GPS device in one 
of the shoes will alert a caregiver if the wearer leaves a specified area. Don't expect the latest 
styles from Nike ( NKE - news - people ) or Steve Madden ( shoo - news - people ) . The 
manufacturer is Aetrex Worldwide, an orthodic and medical specialty shoe maker. Roll-out is 
expected by year's end. 
Read the full story 
Keeping an eye on Mom and Dad 
Remote monitoring technology aims to keep seniors in their houses and out of nursing homes ____ 
Over the coming months a raft of new-and-improved remote monitoring devices will hit the _____ 
market, from GPS shoes that can track the whereabouts of wandering seniors to MedCottages, 
portable RV-like units equipped with motion and monitoring systems that allow seniors to 
maintain some independence from the backyard of their adult childrens' homes. 
""As we age, this is going to be a growing trend,"" says Laurie Orlov, a Florida-based expert on so-
called ""aging-in-place technology"" aimed at keeping seniors in their houses and out of nursing 
homes as long as possible. 
""We have to get past the fear and antagonism among the older people who need it the most. I don't 
think they're that technology-ready, but the boomers, who are their adult children, certainly are."" 
Motion sensors strategically placed in the three-bedroom home where Howe has lived for 53 years 
feed information right to her daughter's laptop, detailing when she got out of bed (the Friday we 
chatted it was 9 a.m.), walked into the bathroom (9:15 a.m.) or hovered at the kitchen table where 
she keeps her pills (9:30 a.m.) 
Even her blood-pressure reading (165/76) is fed to her daughter's computer, along with her daily 
weigh-in tally, providing a detailed graph which she often takes to her doctor appointments. 
The only thing GrandCare can't tell Pierce, because her system doesn't include cameras, is if her 
mother actually swallowed her pills. 
Monitoring and in-home help technologies will be a $20 billion U.S. business in North America by 
2020, predicts Orlov, founder of Aging In Place Technology Watch. 
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Already some baby boomers are able to remotely lock their parents' doors, track calls coming into 
their homes and even see who is ringing the doorbell, in many cases right from their smart phones. 
Systems such as QuietCare, WellAWARE, FineThanx and SimplyHome are already fixtures in 
some U.S. homes and seniors' communities, although Orlov estimates fewer than 10,000 units are 
in active use because the systems can be so costly. 
Next month, Paul Whyte, a Markham dealer of smart-home technology that allows ordinary 
electronics and appliances to communicate with each other, will unveil the GrandCare system at 
the Zoomer show in Toronto. 
""I call it the invisible caregiver,"" says Whyte of Cybernetics Systems Inc. ""The minute I saw this 
system I thought, 'There's something that actually makes sense.' 
The key, of course, with all these technologies is that the senior be relatively able-bodied and 
sound of mind — most are of limited value if the senior is suffering from dementia, which is 
expected to become a major public health issue in the next few decades. 
But developers are also working hard on that challenging front. 
Sometime later this fall or next spring the first GPS-equipped shoe, the Aetrex Ambulator, will go 
on sale through www.gpsshoe.com orwww.foot.com. 
Originally designed for children by Los Angeles-based GTX Corp., the new shoes are expected to 
retail for about $250 U.S. They enable caregivers to track those afflicted with dementia or 
Alzheimer's thanks to GPS and cellular technology that will relay their whereabouts back to a 
monitoring centre. 
""Privacy may be a talking point, but it's not really an issue,"" says Patrick Bertagna, chairman and 
CEO of GTX Corp. 
MEDCottage creator Dupin expects concerns around privacy will fade quickly as families and 
health-care systems here and in the U.S. become overwhelmed by aging baby boomers — more 
than 76 million in the U.S., 10 million in Canada — who start hitting 65 next year. 
""I see remote monitoring becoming an integral part of health care as we all age,"" says Dupin. ""One 
of the issues around aging in place is going to be making trade-offs. Privacy may be something we 
have to give up."" 
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Susan Pigg focuses on issues about aging and baby boomers. spigg@thestar.ca 
Tracking Deal 
A downtown L.A. company that creates GPS tracking applications for cell phones has 
announced a deal to provide its friend-finding apps on Samsung smart phones. 
The deal could mean more than 40 million more downloads, which would translate to increased 
revenue, for GTX Corp.'s application, which is currently available for the iPhone, BlackBerry and 
Android phones, said GTX Chief Executive Patrick Bertagna. 
The LociMobile tracking applications send a GPS signal out to all of a person's cell phone 
contacts who use the app. Bertagna said the app can be used to meet up with friends or keep tabs 
on kids. 
GTX has also developed a GPS shoe for tracking Alzheimer's patients. 
Staff reporter Natalie Jarvey can be reached atnjarvey@labusinessjournaLcom or at (323) 549-
5225, ext. 230. 
Read the full story 
Senior Gadgets: GPS Shoe May Offer Peace of Mind to Alzheimer's Caregivers 
By Teresa Steinfatt - July 1, 2010 - Safety of loved ones is a top concern for caregivers, 
especially those caring for persons with Alzheimer's disease. 
Memory loss and confusion can set in without warning. For example, a loved one might set out on 
a walk or errand alone, wander off and not be able to return home safely. 
Currently scheduled for retail sale this summer, the Aetrex Ambulator® GPS Shoe by GTX Corp 
will provide millions of caregivers the means to help easily find those afflicted with Alzheimer's 
and other forms of dementia who wander and become lost. 
Read the full story 
Style and Safety Come Together with GPS Shoes For Alzheimer's Care 
GTX Corp (OTCBB: GTXO), a provide of customizable, embedded 
2-way GPS Personal Location Services (PLS) solutions, is bringing 
personal GPS tracking solutions to the 5.3 million seniors afflicted with dementia by signing a 
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four year, license agreement with Aetrex Worldwide, Inc. GTX Corp's eight patents for the GPS 
Shoe cover a GPS transceiver module that is placed within the footwear and transmission of 
location coordinates to a central monitoring station which disseminates the location data through 
the use of proprietary software, cellular connectivity, the GTX Corp middleware platform and the 
secure viewing portal. 
Read the full story - World Market Media 
Wandering Soles 
Aetrex Worldwide Inc. has teamed with GTX Corp. to create the Aetrex Ambulator GPS 
Shoe, a therapeutic sneaker designed for people with Alzheimer's disease. The shoe comes with a 
tiny GPS tracker that alerts a caregiver when the wearer has strayed more than a set distance. It 
then sends the caregiver a Google map link that plots the wearer's location. 
Read the full story 
GTX And MNX - STAT Trax Critical Medical and Bio-Pharmas 
SatNews - June 9, 2010 - GTX Corp (OTCBB: GTX0.0B), a provider in embedded GPS 
tracking location based services and MNX (Midnite Express), a worldwide specialty courier, have 
entered into an exclusive three-year contract for GTX to deliver thousands of highly customized, 
industry-first GPS tracking devices. Additionally, the GTX Corp tracking platform to the shipping 
company is included in the contract. 
Read the full story 
Find Friends and Family Mobile Apps 
LOCiMOBILE [iPhone & Android] 
LOCiMOBILE has a few great GPS tracking apps out at the moment. The two that I would like to 
feature are the free/lite versions of the software. This app supports up to 6 users (paid version is 
unlimited) and integrates with Twitter and Facebook. GPS Tracking populates your phone's built-
in Google Maps with the locations of people in your private opt-in buddy list. You can let users 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032084 
know where you are or request their location, and you can post your information to your social 
profiles. 
Read the full story 
GPS Tracking Apps Website to Track iPad, iPhone, Android, Blackberry Smart Phones 
Want to locate all your friends with smart phones (ipad, ipod, iphone, android, blackberry) but you 
don't have one? The latest technology from GTX Corp allows you to do just that — 
www.gpstrackingapps.com high-tech website enables you to locate your family, friends and 
coworkers (who have downloaded the GPS Tracking App) instantly, in real time, even if you don't 
have a smart phone. http andwww.locimobile.com are proud members of the http GTX Corp 
(OTCBB: GTX0.0B) family of products and services, people locator, people finder, gps tracking, 
gps tracking app, location based social networking, iphone Friend finder, android, top downloads, 
gps apps, iPad, blackberry, gps shoe, GTXO, gtxcorp, top apple downloads 
Read the full story 
Style and Safety Come Together with GPS Shoes For Alzheimer's 
Senior Housing News - GTX Corp (OTCBB: GTXO), a provide of customizable, embedded 
2-way GPS Personal Location Services (PLS) solutions, is bringing personal GPS tracking 
solutions to the 5.3 million seniors afflicted with dementia by signing a four year, ... 
Read the full story 
Keeping track of seniors with Alzheimer's 
Rosemary McClure, Special to the Los Angeles Times - May 29, 2010 - The email alert 
shouted its message: ""Missing Person with Alzheimer's. PLEASE HELP."" It was sent to 
Alzheimer's Assn. chapters and to law enforcement officials within hours after an Orange County 
woman disappeared while on a short trip to visit a friend. 
The woman had set out in her car, made a wrong turn and became confused, says her family, who 
asked that her name not be used to protect her privacy. 
Read the full story 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032085 
Resources and Technology to Help Caregivers Cope 
Kirk Johnson - NYTimes.com - May 4, 2010 - One Alzheimer's wanderer in Arizona had lost 
much of his memory, but not, apparently, his interest in fashion: he never left the house without a 
beloved baseball cap on his head. So a trick the family used to keep the man around was to hide 
his caps. 
Search-and-rescue experts who deal with dementia patients also recommend alarms on doors that 
sound when opened if a proper code is not entered, along with posters or wallpaper images that 
disguise or conceal doors. Sometimes a simple large, emphatic sign on every door saying ""Stop!"" 
will deter a wanderer. 
Read the full story 
New App craze brings back the 1990's 
World Market Media - April 9, 2010 - Every Portfolio manager I've 
ever known loves to find a sector with wind at it's back..the early 
users of the ""CrackBerry"" knew (Nasdaq: RIMM) was the stock 
he/she needed to invest in because every person on Wall Street had 
one. This phenomena doesn't occur often and RIMM""s are as rare as 
Australopithecus. I observe the current app craze as the new cycle for 
lightning quick revenues based on the size of the market itself. 
Certainly anyone with an iPhone or Android phone has imagined that 
they could build an app when they got home that night. .1 know I 
did. 
I can tell you from experience that when Kleiner Perkins doubles the size of its venture fund 
specific to app's you know your watching the ship turning in the harbor. This is a unique space 
with wind at it's back and certainly the app's market is a niche to watch, we found this company 
and had a chance to speak with Patrick Bertagna at GTX Corp (OTCBB:GTX0) its Founder/ 
Chairman and CEO. He had some interesting comments about how the company has evolved and 
found some traction with its wholly owned subsidiary LOCiMOBILE Inc. Bertagna commented 
""With 500 million smart phones entering the market place, I believe we are at the tip of the next 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032086 
disruptive wave. Apps will become as ubiquitous as the device they live on and that makes this 
new frontier a game changer"" Certainly being on the iTunes top ten highest grossing list puts us at 
the forefront of this coming wave."" 
Read the full story 
World Market Media Announces the Launch of the WMM NanoCap and MicroCap Indices 
WEST PALM BEACH, April 19, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — World Market Media, Inc. 
(""WMM""), a high traffic stock market, news data website providing cutting edge new media 
products and services to publicly traded companies worldwide, announced today the launch of the 
WMM NanoCap Index and the WMM MicroCap Index. 
Read the full story 
GTX Corp. Inks Global Licensing Deal with Aetrex Worldwide 
SGI - March 24, 2010 - The four-year, exclusive contract brings Los Angeles-based GTX a ___ 
step closer to bringing its personal GPS tracking solutions to 5.3 million seniors afflicted with 
dementia. Aetrex is slated to begin selling the Aetrex Ambulator GPS shoe this summer through 
its website, www.foot.com, at www.gpsshoe.com and at a select group of assisted living facilities 
in the U.S. 
Read the full story 
New Running Shoes Could Include Embedded GPS 
GPS-powered trail running shoes may be on the horizon 
Michael Barkoviak - March 17, 2010 - GTX Corporation may be one step closer to trail running 
shoes that have integrated GPS directly into the shoes. GPS use has increased in the cycling and 
running worlds, as it is used to accurately track time, distance, and speed. There has been 
discussion of GPS-enabled running shoes in the past, but nothing significant ever materialized. 
Read the full story 
GPS in your shoe? 
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Yes GTX Corp. has a GPS shoe that can be worn while a family member is walking or jogging 
that reports your location to other family members ... 
Read the full story 
GTX Corporation - Year In Review 
GPS ""People Tracking"" continues to garner both increased opportunity and adoption worldwide 
— PLS technology has been the focus of our business for the past seven years. GTX Corp., a 
leader in Personal Location Services, develops and license's 2-way GPS people finding 
technologies which seamlessly integrate with consumer products and enterprise applications. GTX 
Corp uses the latest miniaturized, low power consumption hardware technology in its GPS and 
cellular location devices and provides a fully customizable back-end portal enabling subscribers to 
use real time tracking to obtain the whereabouts of people, pets, or valued assets. Through its 
miniaturized transceiver module, wireless connectivity gateway, smart phone Apps, customizable 
middleware, and viewing portal, GTX Corp offers a complete end to end solution. 
Read the full story 
BEAM: Game Plays... 
SatMagazine.com : November 2009 - With this issue's focus on the Latin 
American and MENA markets, one of the most interesting news items deals with 
Rio de Janeiro's win of the 2016 Winter Olympics. Companies who bid for, and 
win, the broadcasting rights to the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro are 
certain to enjoy substantial profits, and Latin American countries and communities are already 
celebrating this award by the Olympic Committee. 
According to GTX Corp., a firm whose base is in the Personal Location Services businesses, Latin 
America has increased its adoption of Location Based Services by a factor of 10 from 2008 to 
2009. Carlos Briceno, the firm's Vice President of Business Development, states that the category 
with the highest total spending in South and Central America is in ""People Tracking,"" which has 
been the exact focal point of GTX Corp for the past seven years. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032088 
Read the full story 
GTX Corp Annual Update - Vista Partners 
Download the full document 
We Know Where You Are 
Phoenix, AZ --(www.USEquityNews.com)-- 03/12/2009 - If the above headline sounds a bit 
spooky, be prepared for things to get a lot spookier in the coming years - but also a lot more 
useful, valuable and fun. That's because electronic technology has once again taken a turn that 
could, like the cell phone, affect much of your waking life, either directly or indirectly. 
Read the fill story 
GTX Corp brings personal location-based services to the masses with Google Maps API 
Premier Business 
Wherever you go, there you are, goes the saying — but others might have a tough time finding you, 
at least until now. With GTX Corp's Personal Location Services, people can go online and, via an 
intuitive interface, track the exact location of loved ones, or even their high-value assets. GTX 
offers miniaturized assisted Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) tracking and cellular location-
transmitting technology for consumer products and applications. The company's business model 
is to deliver solutions to consumers in a wide variety of wearable location devices, from shoes to 
tiny clip-on devices no larger than a small matchbox, by licensing its core technology to branded 
consumer product partners. 
Read the full story 
GPS-Equipped Shoes Keep Track of Wanderers 
Tuesday, August 11, 2009 - Caring for a loved one with dementia is worrisome, especially if ___ 
that person is prone to taking flight. Statistics suggest that 60 percent of people with Alzheimer's 
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disease will get lost at least once, said Andrew Carle, director of George Mason University's 
senior housing administration program. 
Read the full story 
Keep Track of Your Kids This Summer 
From GPS to Temporary Tattoos With Contact Info, Keep Your Kid Safe This Summer 
ABC News - Good Morning America - July 31, 2009 - Those of you with iPhone know that ____ 
there are many GPS applications. One of the latest is the Locimobile. Ideal for the 3.0 family 
(you and your teen need to have the phone). You download the app to your phones, and then your 
teen lets you check on his or her whereabouts, perhaps in exchange for getting an iPhone in the 
first place. The Locimobile app allows you to see exactly where your child or children are on a 
map. You can monitor several kids at one time. 
Read the full story 
Understanding Dementia And 'Wandering' 
NPR - USA - July 14, 2009 - A shoe company, Aetrex Worldwide, and a firm that 
makes global positioning devices, GTX Corp., have created shoes containing GPS 
technology for wanderers to ... 
GTX in Sports Illustrated 
June 29, 2009 - GTX, a technology company, and Aetrex Worldwide have announced plans 
for shoes containing a GPS chip that will allow family members or saftey personnel to locate 
anyone wearing the shoes through online tracking software. 
Download the article 
GPS Tech Review: 
Interviews with Leading GPS Innovators 
GPS Tech Review is a forum for current news stories and interviews with the leading innovators 
of GPS-enabled personal location services. 
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Abductors of Children May Run, But Today Code Amber and SA-Announce Make it Much 
More Difficult for Them to Hide 
Timely missing person's alerts and rich graphics delivered to your phone. 
Mandeville, LA (PRWEB) June 25, 2009 --www.CodeAmber.com News Service the nation's 
leading intemet and digital display missing persons alert service, a wholly owned subsidiary 
of www.GTXCorp.com (GTX0.0B), has expanded its multimillion viewer reach with an 
additional 2 million www.syn-apps.comsubscribers. SA-Announce, Syn-Apps' notification system, 
is a feature-rich communication application that works with Cisco Unified Communications 
Manager to distribute alerts across enterprises such as; NASA, Tiffany & Co and Martha Stewart 
Living, as well as numerous schools and government offices. The Code Amber alerts will be 
available to the SA-Announce subscribers and accessible in real-time appearing on their VOIP 
enabled phones. 
Read the full story 
GPS shoe to track Alzheimer's patients 
A new shoe outfitted with a GPS chip aims to offer peace of mind to Alzheimer's patients and 
their caregivers. 
London, England (CNN) -- June 10, 2009 -- The embedded GPS tracking system will allow ___ 
the wearer of the shoe to be located instantly online and for their whereabouts to be monitored in 
real time. 
Read the full story 
GTX Corp in Sports Intelligence Magazine 
May 2009 - GTX Corp., which markets patented two-way GPS Personal Location Services (PLS) 
solutions, will launch two new applications this summer - expanding its LOCi brand with iLOCi2 
and Code Mobile. 
Download the Article Here 
GTX Corp in Lextech May Newsletter 
Download the Full Newsletter Here 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032091 
GTX Corp on RedChip Real Radio 
Listen to the Audio 
GTX in Bottom Line Health 
Download the Full Article Here 
GTX Corp on RedChip Real Radio 
Listen to the Audio 
GTX Corp on CNBC 
Watch the video clip 
GTX Corp on RedChip Real Radio 
Listen to the Audio 
GTX Corp on The Early Show 
Watch the video clip 
GTX Corp on the Discovery Channel 
Watch the video clip 
GTX Corp in the Philidelphia Inquirer 
Read the article 
GTX Corp on KCBS Radio, San Francisco 
Listen to the audio clip 
GTX Corp on KFWB Radio, Los Angeles 
Audio clip 1, Audio clip 2, Audio clip 3 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032092 
GTX Corp on the KGW News, Portland, OR 
Watch the video clip 
GTX Corp on the Boston 10 o'clock News 
Watch the video clip 
GTX Corp in Los Angeles Business Journal 
Download the full article 
GTX Corp in Pervasive Computing Magazine, April/June 2007 
Download the full article 
GTX Corp in Budget Travel Magazine, May 2007 
Read the full article 
GTX Corp in Footwear News Magazine, April 2007 
Read the full article 
Kids Sneakers That Know Where They Are 
Castro Valley Forum - CA, USA - By : Michael Singer: 10/16/07 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032093 
There is a trend in high-tech that recommends adding location-based services to anything and 
everything. But it has me pulled between wanting to see really cool gadgets and avoiding a Big 
Brother-like society. 
The latest is a new high-tech tennis shoe coming to the market that lets parents and guardians track 
the movements of their family using Global Positioning Systems or GPS technology. 
Called the ""Smart Shoe,"" the miniature device is inserted in the sole of the low-top sneaker. An 
antenna that runs up the back of the footwear communicates with satellites and relays a location 
back to a subscription Web site service for easy viewing. Los Angeles-based GTXC, which makes 
the devices and the service, said it is hoping to put Smart Shoes in stores by the end of the year. 
Shoes with the technology could cost between $100 and $200. The tracking service is expected to 
cost about $20 a month. 
Follow That Kid 
Today's technology makes it easier for parents to know where their kids are and what they're 
doing. 
By Joe Burris 1Baltimore Sun July 1, 2007 
Michelle Smith had been reluctant to buy a cell phone for her 7-year-old daughter, Daysha. Then 
one day in April, a substitute teacher placed the Radford, Va., girl on the wrong school bus. 
Instead of being dropped off at her older sister's after-school program as planned, Daysha was sent 
home - only to find the doors locked. 
As she sat on her front porch crying, her mother drove around town, searching frantically for the 
girl. No one at the school could tell her which bus the girl had been put on. 
""Then my next-door neighbor called,"" said Smith, ""and said, 'I have your baby.'"" 
The scary moment had a happy ending, but Smith didn't want to take a chance on losing her 
daughter again. So she did what many other parents are doing - she bought her child a cell phone 
equipped with an electronic device that could keep track of her whereabouts. 
Download the full article 
Tracking technology hits the ground running. 
Wherever you go, there you are. And we know where you are. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032094 
By Nancy Francis 
GPS technology will soon be at your feet, offering peace of mind to loved ones of Alzheimer's 
sufferers, people with autism, active preschoolers and others who might wander into harm's way 
or get lost. 
A Los Angeles-based company that sees opportunity in the merging of GPS tracking technology 
and footwear, has developed several prototypes of GPS tennis shoes. 
GTX Corporation is having discussions with various footwear manufactures (including some in 
Oregon) about licensing its technological designs and connectivity system. 
During a recent visit to Portland, GTX Corp CEO Patrick Bertagna showed KGW a prototype of 
the company's GPS shoe. 
Download the full article 
Mobile Ways to Keep Track of Your Kids 
By Lori Tucker, (WATE) Knoxville, TN -- June 7, 2007 
As technology makes our society more mobile, there are more mobile ways to keep track of your 
loved ones including cell phones, car trackers and even shoes. GPS shoes That's right, an LA 
company has patented a GPS system in a shoe. 
Xplorer Smart Shoes, made by GTX Corp., are able to track the person wearing them in real time 
or by remote surveillance. 
GTX says the shoes work particularly well for: children, people with Alzheimer's disease, outdoor 
adventures, military, police, fire and public safety workers. 
IN THE PIPELINE: Tracking All The Uses For Positioning Chips 
By Donna Fuscaldo - DowJones Newswire - May 1, 2007 
For Patrick Bertagna, the eureka moment came a few years ago when watching the coverage of the 
Elizabeth Smart abduction. After spending years helping companies track their products via 
software, Bertagna decided it was time to do something that mattered. 
So the serial entrepreneur, armed with a couple of checks from friends, launched Global Trek 
Xploration Corp., a Los Angeles-based company that's developing shoes embedded with a global 
positioning chip. The shoes will enable parents to monitor their children's every movement and 
caregivers to keep real time tabs on elderly or sick people. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032095 
Download the full article 
Top-Notch Security 
M2M - Specialty Publications - April 6, 2007 
M2M technology providers and system integrators often cite efficiency improvements and new 
revenue opportunities as common indicators of return-on-investment. However, as more and more 
customers use machine-to-machine applications to collect data, security has not only become a 
top-notch priority for end users and OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) but also a highly 
valued part of fostering a positive ROI. 
According to IDC Corp., www.idc.com, Framingham, Mass., as devices enabling a mobile 
workforce continue to shrink in size, the increased likelihood of losing devices, such as laptops, 
mobile phones, BlackBerrys, has caused growing concern over the sensitive corporate information 
they contain. 
Smart Shoes Get Smarter 
M2M - Specialty Publications - April 2, 2007 
Smart shoes just got a little smarter. The newest models of GPS-enabled (global positioning 
system) shoes from Global Trek Xploration Corp. (GTXC), www.gtxcorp.com, Los Angeles, 
Calif., will now be equipped with wireless and location modules from Enfora 
Inc.,www.enfora.com, Plano, Texas. 
GTXC chose Enfora's Enabler IIG-A-GPS modules for its robust and accurate platform, company 
executive say. Eric Stalnaker vice president of business development at GTXC explains, ""Enfora 
and the Enabler II provide us with an integrated approach to software, Internet connectivity, and 
customization that lets us focus on our product and service offering."" 
Wireless Briefs 
by Andrew D. Smith Dallas Morning News l Thursday, March 29, 2007 
Few at conference get to soul of GPS shoe 
Satellite tracking services were expected to be one of the big attractions at this year's big wireless 
conference in Orlando, but the satellite shoe seemed to surprise most of the people walking around 
the convention floor. 
Many passers-by Wednesday furrowed their brows or shook their heads at what appeared to be a 
silly toy for spoiled yuppie joggers. Only a few investigated long enough to realize that the GPS 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032096 
shoe may well be one of the least frivolous prototypes on display among the 1,100 
exhibitors. Developers plan to sell the device as a way to track mentally disabled people or 
seniors who have Alzheimer's disease. 
Where would you be without GPS? 
Perhaps carrying fewer gadgets: The technology is being added to shoes, MP3 players, dogs 
By Carolyn Y. Johnson Boston Globe 1February 19, 2007 
This month, GTX Corp. launched a line of Xplorer Smart GPS shoes that transform sneakers into 
a wearable LoJack system. 
ABI Research found that the number of people in North America who subscribe to GPS-enabled 
location-based services more than doubled between 2005 and 2006, from 1.6 to 3.9 million. The 
number of subscribers is projected to rocket to 52 million in 2011. 
That means companies working in what used to be a niche market have been enjoying explosive 
growth. Revenues at TomTom NV, a Concord-based maker of personal navigation products, have 
increased more than 500-fold since 2001, from $2.5 million to an estimated $1.7 billion last 
year. Garmin's business has exploded into the mainstream, too, and the company ran its first 
Super Bowl ad this year. Boston-based start-up Skyhook Wireless brings location awareness to 
any device with WiFi, and announced a major partnership this month with GPS platform maker 
SiRF. 
Xplorer shoes offer advanced personal location services 
from Wearable Electronics 
January 29, 2007 - We've written several times about the concept of electronically fencing dogs 
and cats for their safety, or the safety of others. Similarly, as GPS technologies have become 
commercially viable, of tracking assets and loved ones to ensure their safety. Now personal 
location services company GTXC Corporation, is set to unveil a line of Xplorer Smart GPS shoes 
at the World Shoe Association (WSA) in Las Vegas on February 1 which offer a range of new 
opportunities. Xplorer shoes incorporate a small and robust GPS tracking device which hooks up 
with GTXC's intemet user portal to offer a very compelling array of personal location services. 
Integrated GPS Shoes by GTXC 
Getoutdoors.com Outdoor Blog - Friday, February 2. 2007 
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Integrated GPS Shoes by GTXC Though originally made to track patients and kids, we're sure the 
shoes will be integrated soon with the Nike + Ipod so you can track your run in your personal 
Google mashup. Or hide it in your wife's purse to see whether she's banging San Francisco's 
mayor, Gavin Newsom. Or something like that. The system from GTXC has a sophisticated GPS 
integrated into the shoe, which communicates directly with a satellite, which then relays locations 
in real-time to their monitoring center and made available via intemet or phone. Predetermined 
geographic areas can also be defined and alerts sent when the person being tracked leaves or enters 
the area. And don't worry, they already have a product for outdoor activities called the Wearable 
Caddy. 
New Smart GPS Shoes 
Manisha Kanetkar - Thursday, 1 February 2007 
Keeping track of your loved ones has never been so easy (or so spy-like) with the new Xplorer 
smart GPS shoes designed by GTXC. 
The company boasts the shoes incorporate the smallest, most powerful and robust GPS tracking 
device currently available. GTXC says they are ideal for caretakers of children or the elderly to 
easily monitor the location of their charges. 
So, for example, they can preset perimeters of safe zones or unsafe zones, and then receive mobile 
phone alerts if a perimeter is breached by the wearer. This is handled by what the company calls 
its 'set-it-and-forget-it' Dual GeoFencing feature. 
Shoes with GPS locator Coolest Gadgets 
Jan 29, 2007 - GTX Corporation will be unveiling its new line of Xplorer Smart GPS footwear at 
the beginning of next month in Las Vegas. The Xplorer aims to usher in the next generation of 
GPS smart shoes by incorporating smaller and yet more powerful GPS chipsets inside the shoe 
itself to provide a more accurate reading.... 
GTX Corporation unveils GPS-equipped Xplorer shoes Engadget 
Jan 26, 2007 - It seems like Sayo Isaac Daniel has some serious competition coming at him in the 
GPS shoe market, as GTX Corporation is unveiling its latest geo-tracking footwear at next week's 
World Shoe Association trade show. The questionably styled Xplorer kicks pack an internal GPS 
transceiver,... 
GPS Shoes keep track of kids 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032098 
January 25, 2007 - GPS-integrated shoes - now why didn't I think of that? The Xplorer line of 
Smart GPS shoes from GTX Corp. come with an integrated GPS tracking device which helps 
parents keep tabs on their children. In addition, parents are able to set up a virtual boundary, where 
they will be duly noted via SMS should the shoes leave beyond the designated area. 
GPS Shoes Let Mommy Know Where You Are 
January 25, 2007 - Good news for worried parents. These GTX GPS Xplorer Smart Shoes will let 
you keep track of your kids no matter where you are. Here's how it works. 
Define a ""safe"" area around your house or school that it's safe for your kids to wander around. 
When the GPS signal goes outside of the area, an SMS will be sent to your phone alerting you of 
the situation. Then you're free to call your wife, the police, or Chloe from 24. 
The GTX GPS shoes have a small GPS tracking device inside the shoe actually 
communicates the location to a central location tracking service 
ESATO NEWS - Jan 26, 2007 - Xplorer, the next generation of smart GPS shoes, incorporates the 
smallest, most powerful and robust GPS tracking device on the market today. Drawing on a long 
history of patented embedded GPS technology for footwear and other consumer products, GTXC 
has been in development on the Xplorer line for the past three years. The new line advances the 
state of GPS tracking technology considerably, utilizing several groundbreaking innovations 
currently in the patent process. 
GTX Corp. announces the Xplorer line of Smart GPS shoes 
Thu, 25 Jan 2007 - The GTX GPS shoes have a small GPS tracking device inside the shoe actually 
communicates the location to a central location tracking service. So you could get your kids these 
GPS sneakers and define an area where it is safe for the kid to wander around. When leaving the 
defined area an SMS would be sent to your mobile phone notifying you of the situation. GTX calls 
this feature GeoFencing. The batteries powering the GPS unit inside the shoes last several days. 
""With Liberty and Surveillance for All: Person-to-person Surveillance Gets Green Light 
from Public 
Survey research from Boston University graduate students shows that Americans are more willing 
to engage in surveillance of loved ones than one might expect given our love for independence. 
Half of Americans are comfortable with being electronically monitored by a loved one for safety 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032099 
or health reasons. Nearly a third 32% say it is likely they will use a tracking device to monitor a 
loved one in the future."" 
""The greatest endorsement of P2P surveillance is that 66% of Americans are comfortable being 
monitored by concerned loved ones in case of emergency. That's an awfully large market waiting 
to be tapped by companies like GTX Corporation who debuts its first GPS-based tracking shoe for 
children this week."" 
Excerpts from recent Boston University Research indicating that two-thirds of Americans are 
comfortable being electronically monitored by loved ones in case of an emergency 
Download the full article 
Brave New GPS World 
By James Klein, Larta VOX Editor - November 3, 2003 
In the future, we won't lose anything. Advances in global positioning system technology allow 
users to easily pinpoint the location of any object on earth. GPS boards have been reduced to the 
size of a postage stamp. Soon, we could attach GPS locators to everything we own - cell phones, 
briefcases, wallets - and even our children. 
GPS Shoe to Track Alzheimer's Patients 
London, England - June 10, 2009 - A new show outfitted with a GPS chip aims to offer peace of 
mind to Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers. 
Download the full article 
GTX Signs Deal With Aertrex Worldwide 
June 1, 2009 - GTX signs its first footwear deal for its Personal Location Services product with 
Aertrex Worldwide, which specializes in orthotic footwear. 
Download the full article 
Enfora and GTXC Advance Personal Tracking and Location with GPS-enabled Shoe 
Plano, Texas - March 27, 2007 - Enfora, Inc., today announced GTX Corporation's (GTXC) 
adoption of the Enabler® IIG-A-GPS embedded wireless and location module into their latest 
model of the GTXC Xplorer® GPS Smart Shoe designed to monitor the whereabouts of loved 
ones. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032100 
""Enfora and the Enabler II provide us with an integrated approach to software, Internet 
connectivity and customization that lets us focus on our product and service offering,"" said Eric 
Stalnaker, VP of Business Development at GTXC. ""By working with Enfora, we know the 
Xplorer® A-GPS Smart Shoe is built on a robust and highly accurate platform."" 
Download the full article 
GTXC Wins Praise, Reduces Chip Size 
Los Angeles, California, March 5, 2007 - GTXC received a strong, positive reception as a third 
time exhibitor at the recent World Shoe Association show in Las Vegas, NV. It also won praise 
from the technology community at the latest 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona, Spain. GTXC 
continues to build momentum, enhance its intellectual property and provide leadership throughout 
the embedded GPS footwear space. 
Download the full article 
New era of ""Wearable GPS"" capabilities enabled by technological breakthrough. 
February 21, 2007, Los Angeles, CA - GTXC, founder of the Personal Location Services category 
and leader in Miniaturized GPS Technologies, has created a proprietary, ""single click"" software 
application used to activate the GPS-2-SMS Dual-GeoFence features that form an integral part of 
its embedded GPS technology. The recent Multi Dual GeoFence patent application filled in 
February 2007 is the most current of seven applications filed since the company's founding five 
years ago, and promises to bring new capabilities and efficiencies to the Wearable GPS industry. 
The company's first, US Patent 6.788.200 titled GPS Footwear was issued in September 2004. 
Download the full article 
GTXC unveils new generation of Smart GPS Shoes 
Los Angeles, CA, January 25, 2007 - GTX Corp., a dominant world leader in personal location 
services, will unveil their new Xplorer line of Smart GPS shoes on February 1st, at the World 
Shoe Association (WSA) in Las Vegas. 
Xplorer, the next generation of smart GPS shoes, incorporates the smallest, most powerful and 
robust GPS tracking device on the market today. Drawing on a long history of patented embedded 
GPS technology for footwear and other consumer products, GTXC has been in development on 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032101 
the Xplorer line for the past three years. The new line advances the state of GPS tracking 
technology considerably, utilizing several ground-breaking innovations currently in the patent 
process. 
Download the full article 
GTXC to provide maritime version of personal GPS tracking devices to governmental 
security agencies and consumers 
Los Angeles, California, October 4, 2006 - GTXC (GTX Corporation), the Personal Location 
Services (PLS) company known worldwide for developing and commercializing miniaturized 
personal GPS tracking technologies - including ground-breaking shoe-based satellite tracking 
products - announced today that they have signed a licensing agreement aimed at providing 
miniaturized, waterproof personal tracking devices to governmental security agencies and 
consumer maritime enthusiasts. 
Download the full article 
An Open Letter To GTX Corporation's Investors, Customers And Friends 
January 5, 2007 - GTX Corp has received many inquiries this week regarding recent reports that 
another manufacturer has entered the GPS footwear sector claiming, among other things, that they 
have patented GPS footwear technology, and that there is a technology called ""Quantum Satellite 
Technology."" 
GTXC believes that the convergence of high technology with consumer products should be 
represented to the public in an ethical and honest fashion. GTXC takes issue with the claims made 
in those recent reports, and believes that they do not paint an accurate and truthful picture. As 
such, GTXC is taking immediate, strong and active steps to respond to those claims in a 
responsible way to inform the public and the relevant media about GTXC, its products and 
technology, and the true status of the following facts. 
Download the full article 
CEO & President of GTXC - to Address Cornell MBA Class 
Los Angeles, California, November 6, 2006 - Patrick Bertagna, CEO and President of GTXC 
(GTX Corporation), the Personal Location Services (PLS) company known worldwide for 
developing and commercializing miniaturized personal GPS tracking technologies - including 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032102 
shoe-based and hand held satellite tracking products - will address the Cornell Business students 
that are analyzing a case study that was developed over the past year at the university. 
Download the full article 
GTXC announces newest addition to PERSONAL GPS suite of miniaturized location-
finding solutions 
Los Angeles, California, June 1, 2006 - GTXC (GTX Corporation), known worldwide for 
developing and commercializing innovative shoe-based GPS tracking technologies, today 
announced a downloadable location-finding application for hand held PDAs. 
Beginning with PaqTraxTm for the HP iPaq 6515, the newest GTXC application integrates a PDA's 
embedded GPS abilities with the intemet-based GTXC TrackPackTm, creating a complete Personal 
GPSTM tracking and location-finding solution. 
Download the full article 
Boston University study validates Americans' acceptance of Person-to-Person (P2P) 
surveillance 
Los Angeles, California, March 14, 2006 - GTXC, Inc., maker of miniaturized tracking 
technologies - including a patented shoe-based GPS location-finding platform - shared in the 
release of a recent Boston University study which offers proof of strong consumer demand for 
Person-To-Person (P2P) tracking and surveillance products. Despite increased media attention to 
governmental eavesdropping and surveillance issues, the study's conclusions contradict privacy 
advocates and redress recent media sentiments by finding that up to 81% of those surveyed 
approve the use of P2P surveillance under specific situations, and nearly a third (32%) say they are 
likely to use a tracking device to monitor a loved one in the future. 
Download the full article 
GTXC announces world's first GPS location-reporting technology built into footwear 
Los Angeles, California, February 10, 2006 - After several years of intensive research and 
development, GTXC (GTX Corporation) today announced the world's first GPS location-reporting 
platform built into footwear. Unveiled at the World Shoe Association trade show in Las Vegas, 
Nevada, the company's patented solution links advanced GPS and cellular miniaturization 
technology with intemet-based monitoring capabilities to provide accurate, real-time location and 
movement history to a wide range of users. Their shoe-based technology also introduces an 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032103 
innovative platform for delivering a new category of portable, personal consumer-based 
applications, from exercise monitoring and live real-time gaming to interaction with appliances 
and other household items. 
Download the full article 
With Liberty and Surveillance for All: Person-to-person Surveillance Gets Green Light from 
Public 
February 2006 - Excerpts from recent Boston University Research indicating that two-thirds of 
Americans are comfortable being electronically monitored by loved ones in case of an emergency. 
Survey research from Boston University graduate students shows that Americans are more willing 
to engage in surveillance of loved ones than one might expect given our love for independence. 
Half of Americans are comfortable with being electronically monitored by a loved one for safety 
or health reasons. Nearly a third 32% say it is likely they will use a tracking device to monitor a 
loved one in the future."" 
Download the full article 
DailyTech, LLC - Michael Barkoviak - March 17, 2010 - GTX Corporation may be one step 
closer to trail running shoes that have integrated GPS directly into the shoes. GPS use has 
increased in the cycling and running worlds, as it is used to accurately track time, distance, and 
speed. There has been discussion of GPS-enabled running shoes in the past, but nothing significant 
ever materialized. 
Oct 26, 2010 
Listen to an interview with GTX Corp CEO, Patrick Bertagna 
on wsRadio - The Peggy Smiley Show. 
Top Grossing iTunes list 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032104 
GPS Tracking Apps for your smart phone. 
Featured Products 
Shoes to monitor seniors suffering from dementia. 
While GPS tracking can answer the ""where"" question, the Code Amber Alertag knows the answers to the ""who, what and when"" questions that first responders to emergencies 
need to know to provide informed treatment. 
2 Way GPS has helped the lives of thousands by guiding emergency services to the precise location of people and pets in need of immediate attention. Getting there quickly 
however is only the first step. That's why everyone needs a Code Amber Alertag 
Code Amber is a wholly owned subsidiary and a member of the family of products and services of GTX Corp 
• Products  
• Platform 
• Track  
• PDA  
• About GTX  
• News  
• Press  
• Contact Us  
Privacy & Terms of Use  
• Code of Ethics  
© 2008 GTX Corp (GTX0.0B). All rights reserved. gpVectorTM is a trademark of GTX Corp (GTX0.0B). 
Portions of this website contain images that are reproduced from work created and shared by Google and used according to terms 
described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032105 
All of the content of this document is protected by copyright unless otherwise stated and may only be used according to specific 
terms and conditions as granted by GTX Corp (GTX0.0B). Any unauthorized use of such material may violate copyright laws, 
trademark laws, the laws of privacy and publicity, as well as other communications regulations and statutes. GTX Corp (GTX0.0B) 
does not warrant or represent that the unauthorized use of materials drawn from the content of this document will not infringe rights 
of third parties who are not owned or affiliated with GTX Corp (GTX0.0B). Further, GTX Corp (GTX0.0B) cannot be held 
responsible or liable for the unauthorized use of this document's content by third parties unknown to the company. In addition, GTX 
Corp does not warrant or represent the accuracy of any information about GTX Corp (GTX0.0B), its employees, consultants, 
partners, service providers, affiliates, agents or representatives, which is not listed, posted or hyperlinked on this Website 
(www.GTXCorp.com). Please report any unauthorized use of our name, trademarks or news releases immediately to the company. 
Sent from my iPhone 
NOTE: This e-mail message is subject to the Dubai World Group disclaimer 
see http://www.dubaiworld.ae/email disclaimer  
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032106 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029196.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
Importance: 
Talk in 40? 
Lawrence Krauss 
8/29/2018 11:01:49 PM 
jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Re: October 19, Heidelberg 
High 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State Universit, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: 
Assistant 
twitter.com/Ikraussl I krauss.faculty.asu.edu 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Aug 29, 2018, at 12:19 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
3 hrs 
On Wed, Aug 29, 2018 at 3:07 PM Lawrence Krauss <______________________ 
please call me asap 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: Assistant 
twitter.com/Ikrauss.  I www.lawrencemkrauss.com  
On Aug 29, 2018, at 11:56 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
What was Justin bill ? nd total to date? 
wrote: 
On Wed, Aug 29, 2018 at 2:29 PM Lawrence Krauss < > wrote: 
actually I found I can buy an economy (YUK) ticket for only $1300.. so maybe I can buy that and try to 
upgrade it using miles.. 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University,P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: I Assistant 
twitter.com/Ikraussl I www.lawrencemkrauss.com  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029196 
On Aug 29, 2018, at 11:06 AM, Lawrence Krauss < wrote: 
Hi.. so, here is the event I am still invited to give in Germany. It is Oct 19th. I was previously invited to give 
a major lecture in Heidelberg Oct 14 but they had to cancel it after the university determination re australia 
was publicized by the bitch. That air ticket, which they had paid fo, was about 5250 euros. There is a $900 
cancellation fee, and they have agreed to let me keep the ticket if I pay them 4500 euros. I offered that to the 
other place but they only have $5K USD total, which includes the $4K fee they originally offered me. I am 
going to check other tickets now, but wanted to know if you might be flying to europe around then and could 
take a hitchhiker. :) 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office:MMINEMI. Assistant 
twitter.com/Ikraussl I www.lawrencemkrauss.com  
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Jakob Kollhofer 
Subject: Re: October 19, Heidelberg 
Date: August 29, 2018 at 4:49:53 AM PDT 
To: Lawrence Krauss <1111.> 
Hi Lawrence, 
just back from a long tour ,,on origins"". 
As promised you will get my message promptly. 
As you may understand, before we start recruiting for the Festival our budget 
implies more freedom. Now I simply do not have the flexibility to decide so easily 
on amounts in „kilos"". (especially as a prominent Nobel laureate shortly before 
deadline agreed to come and implied a pretty large sum). 
What I can offer you is 5k as a lump sum. This is the ultimate at the moment. 
I deeply regret these limitations but I cannot ignore redlines. 
So please let me know if you can or cannot come. 
As ever Jakob 
Jakob J. Kollhofer 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029197 
Direktor 
DAI 
Tel: 
Fax: 
Email: 
www.dai-heidelberg.de 
Am 26.08.2018 um 22:04 schrieb Lawrence Krauss : 
Hi.. update.. noam cannot do anything anyway.. nor UK that week.. So, I have been able confirm I can get the 
ticket for the discounted amount of 4500 Euros.. Are you game with my proposal? I have until end of Sept to 
buy out the old ticket before they cancel it. 
Lawrence 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: I Assistant 
twitter.comilkraussl I www.lawrencemkrauss.com  
On Aug 17, 2018, at 9:34 AM, Lawrence Krauss < > wrote: 
Well it depends on UK.. if they can't do it, then alas, it would be the whole thing.. I could check for a 
discount ticket of course.. and maybe even economy class... There is also a small chance that I might do the 
event in UK with Noam Chomsky, and I am wondering whether, if I could convince him to join me in a 
dialogue at your place whether that might change the dynamics of the event for you, and free up some more 
money perhaps.. 
Lawrence 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: Assistant 
twitter.comilkraussl I www.lawrencemkrauss.com  
On Aug 17, 2018, at 9:18 AM, Jakob Kollhofer > wrote: 
Hi Lawrence 
your mail meets me on the way out to a week abroad. 
I need my financial colleague to decide. So, I shall be 
back at the end of this month. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029198 
What would our share be? 
Best Jakob 
Jakob J. Kollhofer 
Direktor 
DAI 
Tel:• 
Fax: 
Ema 
www.dai-heidelberg.de 
Am 17.08.2018 um 16:37 schrieb Lawrence Krauss 
Hi Jakob 
There has been a complication. The Gottingen event had to be cancelled so that means I now do not have an air ticket to Germany. I 
am going to check whether I can arrange anything in the Uk which might cover part of the cost for a new ticket. In the meantime I 
thought I should let you know and ask whether it is possible to cover part or all of the cost for a ticket. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: 
Assistant 
twitter.comilkraussl I krauss.facultv.asu.edu 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Jun 19, 2018, at 5:52 AM, Jakob Kollhofer wrote: 
Dear Lawrence 
my colleague is waiting for two sentences on your planned topic... 
Could you save him?... 
Jakob 
Jakob J. Kollhofer 
Direktor 
DAI 
Tel: 
Fax: 
Email: 
www.dai-heidelberg.de 
Am 07.06.2018 um 17:40 schrieb Lawrence Krauss 
Will do. 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Director, The Origins Project at ASU 
Foundation Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State Universit, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office Ass istan 
>: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029199 
Origins Office 
origins.asu.edu I twitter.comilkraussl I krauss.faculty.asu.edu 
<DA866543-7401-4A5A-8E50-FD32E33A5OEC.png> 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Jun 7, 2018, at 1:04 AM, Jakob Kollhofer 
Hi Lawrence, 
I think we take Journey to the Beginning of Time. 
Could you write two sentences for my colleague to 
make clear where your talk will go for.. 
This may well lay the groundwork for next year's major focus 
on ORIGINES. 
I do look forward to having you here again! 
As ever Jakob 
P.S cc Michael! 
Jakob J. Kollhofer 
Direktor 
DAI 
Tel: 
Fax: 
Email: 
www.dai-heidelbero.de 
Am 06.06.2018 um 19:13 schrieb Lawrence Krauss 
wrote: 
Hi.. I hadn't thought of it. I don't know what Jakob would prefer. I could give a science talk.. on, say: Journey to the Beginning of 
Time.. or I could speak about 
Science in the Trump Era.. am cc'ing him here.. Jakob, which would you prefer? 
Lawrence 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Director, The Origins Project at ASU 
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative 
Foundation Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office 
Origins Office 
Assistant 
origins.asu.edu I twitter.com/Ikraussl I krauss.faculty.asu.edu 
<image002.png> 
On Jun 6, 2018, at 2:15 AM, Michael Braun wrote: 
Dear Lawrence Kraus, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029200 
my name is Michael Braun and I am working on the DAI Heidelberg's fall program brochure. 
May I ask you if you settled on a topic for your Heidelberg talk? 
If so, could you send me title and a short abstract for me to include in the brochure and on our website? 
Best 
Michael 
Mit besten GrCalen 
Michael Braun 
Referent fur Presse- und offentlichkeitsarbeit 
Deutsch-Amerikanisches Institut Heidelberg 
- Das Haus der Kultur - 
Sofienstrafle 12, 69115 Heidelberg  
tel: 
fax: 
www.dai-heidelbero.de 
Schurman-Gesellschaft e.V. 
VR 425 Amts- und Registergericht Heidelberg 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029201 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029202 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012937.txt,"2.2 Commonly Recognized Aspects of Human-like Intelligence 21

The following list of key aspects of human-like intelligence has a better claim at truly being
generic and representing the consensus understanding of contemporary science. It was produced
by a very simple method: starting with the Wikipedia page for cognitive psychology, and then
adding a few items onto it based on scrutinizing the tables of contents of some top-ranked
cognitive psychology textbooks. There is some redundancy among list items, and perhaps also
some minor omissions (depending on how broadly one construes some of the items), but the
point is to give a broad indication of human mental functions as standardly identified in the
psychology field:

e Perception

— General perception

— Psychophysics

— Pattern recognition (the ability to correctly interpret ambiguous sensory information)
— Object and event recognition

— Time sensation (awareness and estimation of the passage of time)

e Motor Control

— Motor planning
— Motor execution
— Sensorimotor integration

e Categorization

— Category induction and acquisition

— Categorical judgement and classification
— Category representation and structure
— Similarity

e Memory

— Aging and memory

— Autobiographical memory
— Constructive memory
— Emotion and memory
— False memories

— Memory biases

— Long-term memory

— Episodic memory

— Semantic memory

— Procedural memory
— Short-term memory
— Sensory memory

— Working memory

e Knowledge representation

— Mental imagery
— Propositional encoding
— Imagery versus propositions as representational mechanisms

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012937
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030446.txt,"ADD TO CALENDAR

WEDNESDAY 9TH OCTOBER, 7PM
EMMANUEL CENTRE

Featuring John Humphrys and Justin Webb

BUY TICKETS

I’m not sure I'd like me if | was listening to me.’ — John Humphrys

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030446
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025297.txt,"Laffer Associates Game On [Updated 7/6/2016]

In fact, the whole group of us received virtually no support from the Republican Party or the Party’s elders. It wasn’t until
Reagan had finally defeated George Bush, along with John Connally, Howard Baker, Phil Crane, Bob Dole and John Anderson
in the primary race, that there was any attempt to be conciliatory to Ronald Reagan’s presidential campaign by the Republican
powers that were. Even Barry Goldwater, whose career owed so much to Ronald Reagan, was cool at best to a Reagan
presidency.

| remember one post-Bush-defeat meeting of our committee when we had already secured the nomination and George Herbert
Walker Bush sat next to me and lightly apologized for referring to me as the “Voo-Doo Economist.” In truth, | had sort of
enjoyed the handle, and told H.W. Bush that | was delighted he finally had come to join us because | needed some fellow
Yalies to up the quality of our group. He laughed.

Things had been so vitriolic and bad during the primary campaign that a number of Republicans couldn’t in clear conscience
support Ronald Reagan at all and others could only support him in name only. And one of the primary contestants, John
Anderson, Republican Congressman from Illinois, was so offended by Ronald Reagan’s nomination that he decided to run as
an independent in the general election, which he did. While, in hindsight, John Anderson’s decision may now seem like a non-
event, it sure wasn’t seen as a frivolous gesture back then. Ronald Reagan looked like a sure loser with both a moderate
Republican opponent and a sitting Democratic President, with all the privilege, prestige and power that the Office of the
President holds.

At the convention in Detroit City, | testified before the platform committee on what | thought Reaganomics would be—which
was lots of fun. But, the real drama occurred when it came time to select Ronald Reagan’s running mate. Showing no signs
of remorse or respect for the primary voters, the Party’s establishment conspired to browbeat Ronald Reagan into accepting
Gerald Ford as Ronald Reagan’s co-president running mate. They—the establishment—were absolutely certain that Ronald
Reagan would be blown away by Carter in November of 1980 and that the down ticket Republican candidates would get their
lunch handed to them. So much for the wisdom of Republican elders and insiders.

In other words, just like today in re Donald Trump, the party’s cognoscenti were forecasting a huge Reagan defeat that would
carry with it large numbers of House members and Senators. Reagan, they thought, would prove to be more devastating to
Republicans than either the Goldwater defeat of 1964 or the Ford defeat of 1976.

As you all know, none of this happened. We handily defeated Carter, even though we were behind in the polls as recently as
1 week before the election.* Reagan took 44 states and 50.7% of the popular vote to Carter’s 41% of the vote and Anderson’s
6.6% of the vote. Whodathunkit? I’m naturally an optimist, but lve never been more optimistic than | am today or than | was
in 1980, and I’ve never had more fun than | had in the several years before Ronald Reagan’s election. The Reagan saga of
1980 seems a lot like the Trump story today.

ll. “It’s the Economy Stupid” — James Carville 1992
In the 2016 primaries, each and every Republican candidate promised lower tax rates, restrained government spending, sound

money and greatly lessened regulations. The mantra was repeal “Obamacare,” eviscerate Dodd-Frank and cut taxes. There
couldn’t have been a more supply-side, pro-growth field of candidates assembled in the entire history of our nation—not one
outlier. It almost became a Republican feeding frenzy as to who could propose the lowest tax rate and create the most growth.
Debates on economic issues were super boring and hyperbole as to who could be the most pro-growth supply sider infused
the air we breathe. In truth, every Republican, from Jim Gilmore to Donald Trump, understood that America was in free fall
and needed a huge dose of incentive alignments. There was very little room for debate on the issues because the candidates
all agreed with each other.

The Democrats, once O’Malley, Webb and Chafee exited stage left, were pulling each other further and further to the “Free
Lunch Tax the Rich’ ticket. Already way over-subsidized, students were promised free college by Sanders, and America would
have a $15 federal minimum wage everywhere. And then there was expanded free health care, huge tax increases on Wall
Street exploiters and on the rich in general. The Walton family was singled out as the perfect example of what’s wrong with
America: one family whose net worth was close to $150 billion and whose legacy company, Walmart, paid workers’ wages so
low that full-time employees qualified for welfare. The Democrats defined their enemies as the most successful innovators,
investors, job-creators and employers in America.

The Democrats also, in their never-ending debates, careened further and further toward “from each according to his ability and
to each according to his need” paradise. The most enthusiastic crowds were energized by the endearing, wild-eyed,
septuagenarian Socialist whose unkempt, long white hair became emblematic of “enough is enough already”: Uncle Bernie
Sanders. Who doesn’t love Bernie Sanders? Or, as his throngs of acolytes scream, who doesn’t “feel the Bern?”

4 Reagan’s surge in polls is generally attributed to the presidential debate held one week before the election took place, on October 28"", immediately
after which Reagan appears to have moved into a 3 point lead. See: Lydia Saad, “Late Upsets Are Rare, but Have Happened,” Gallup, October 27,

2008. http://Awww.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025297
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025974.txt,"Date: Thursday, July 28 2016 05:44 PM 
Subject: RE: 
From: Boris Nikolic <=11=11> 
To: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation©gmail.com>; 
Attachments: Biomatics Pitch Deck 063016a.pdf 
please find attached an updated deck. 
Please let me know if you have any candidate! 
So far all LPs are AAA+ and there is a pipeline of 8 companies converted at the cost. 
From: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2016 06:18:55 -0400 
Subject: Re: 
To: 
i will see one maybe today. . i am off until aug 29 
On Thu, Jul 28, 2016 at 12:14 AM, Boris Nikolic 
Are you around this Friday and weekend. 
I am - and leaving on Sunday at 5pm for Greece until August 15th/. 
If you around would love to see you. 
wrote: 
Just a quick question - do you have any name for a potential LP for my fund. I am planning a final close 
end of September /October. 
Please let me know 
From: jeevacation@gmail.com  
Date: Sun, 10 Jul 2016 21:16:43 -0400 
Subject: Re: 
To: 
exactly 
On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 9:08 PM, Boris Nikolic < 
> wrote: 
I was thinking of black. 
It is not a gold pain but a gold leafing. It took them 2 months to do it. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025974 
What I do not like that it came out more as a Trump gold that an old gold. 
From: jeevacation@gmail.com  
Date: Sun, 10 Jul 2016 21:06:27 -0400 
Subject: Re: 
To: 
and maybe have the large colums black instead of gold, as the gold paint is not as good as the 
gold metal objects. 
On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 9:03 PM, Boris Nikolic < > wrote: 
Great! Happy to hear it. 
Trust your advice and taste -this is why I am asking! 
From: jeevacation@gmail.com  
Date: Sun, 10 Jul 2016 21:01:22 -0400 
Subject: Re: 
To: 
i think it was terrific , the only thing i would think about is having only one lit sculpture at a 
time . put one in storage or covered , but you want to call attention to one at a time. 
On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 8:43 PM, Boris Nikolic < 
Thank you! 
Did you really like it? 
How did you like furniture? 
What would you change it? 
> wrote: 
From: jeevacation@gmail.com  
Date: Sun, 10 Jul 2016 20:42:23 -0400 
Subject: 
To 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025975 
congragulations 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
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communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
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the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
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and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025976 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or bye-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
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Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025977 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031311.txt,"Steven J. Hoffenberg
New York Post Publishing INC.
CEO

WHAM INC THE PUBLIC COMPANY OWNS THE BELOW OPERATIONS

TOWERSINVESTORS.COM
CEO

SEE

WWW.POST PUBLISHING.BUZZ THE JESUS CHRIST ON LINE GODs WORD NEWSPAPER

MR HOFFENBERG ONLINE NEWSPAPER
PUBLICSPEAKINGWALLSTREET.COM

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
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JEE
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including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031311
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025283.txt,"Energy

Preference: neutral

Brent (24 Oct): USD 109/bbl (last month: USD 111/bbl)
UBS View (crude oil) Brent 6-month target: USD 105-110/bbl
¢ Growing fear over an escalation of the Syrian civil war, involving Turkey, allowed crude oil prices to move
higher again. While Syria's crude oil exports already dropped to near zero due to international sanctions,
the oil market's concerns relate to the Kirkuk—Ceyhan oil pipeline (Iraq-Turkey — capacity of 0.4mbpd) and
the crude exports from the Turkish port of Ceyhan, around 70km from the Syrian border.
e Though we believe that Syria and Turkey are not interested in a military confrontation, a stop of crude oil
flows from Iraq via Turkey would curb global incremental crude oil supply in 4Q12 by more than 50%. It
would also tighten up the market balance in early 2013 and put additional pressure on the structurally low
spare capacity in the crude oil market.
e In the absence of a further escalation, which remains our base case, ebbing news related to Syria-Turkey is
likely to ease supply concerns. This should keep the market focus on weak demand growth and strong
crude oil output from North America, allowing the Brent price to temporarily reach USD 95/bbl.
e A weaker USD, reduced economic tail risk for Europe, ongoing social turmoil in the Middle East and
North Africa and the risk that the Iranian topic heats up again after the US presidential elections are likely
to keep the Brent price around USD 105-110/oz in 6 months.

4 Positive scenario Brent 6-month target: USD 140-180/bbl

e Iranian oil exports are subject to a complete embargo, which would drain another 0.5-0.75 mbpd of
global crude oil supply. Alternatively, a military confrontation that affects crude oil supply via the Strait of
Hormuz would be the ultimate supply shock, requiring crude oil to be rationed on a large scale.

4 Negative scenario Brent 6-month target: USD 75-80/bbl
¢ Political tensions lead to a breakup of the Eurozone or intensify the economic contraction. At the same
time, the Fed is not successful in promoting growth. Supply-wise, a restoration of Iranian exports and no
supply cuts by OPEC would push oil inventories firmly up and weaken Brent prices towards USD 80/bbl.

What we're watching Why it matters

The biggest risk related to a potential military confrontation is an Israeli air strike
on nuclear facilities in Iran. A preemptive strike could easily destabilize the region
even further and threaten global crude oil supply.

Changes in the US gasoline blending mandate with ethanol (made from corn)

lran tensions

sue might fuel higher crude oil prices as spare capacity increases slides further.
US crude oil supply progress (room to grow by 1.3 mbpd from 2011 to 2013) isa
vital offsetting factor to supply outages seen in the MENA region.

Brepacndl Most of China's demand growth seems to be related to stock building (strategic

and by refineries). If this is true, the import should stay on the weak side y/y.

Oil market reports Key date: 13 Nov, IEA Oil market report

2 UBS

Recommendations
Tactical (6 months)
e OPEC is in a good position to balance the

oil market, which should limit the price
weakness. Along with central banks’
support and with the geopolitical risks
remaining, we believe that the potential
downside for the oil price has declined,
thereby warranting allocation.

Strategic (3-5 years)
e We regard the long end of the forward

curve in crude oil as mispriced. To satisfy
emerging market demand in the long run,
prices around USD 90-95/bbl are unlikely
to secure the needed investments to keep
supply growing adequately. This gives
strategically oriented crude oil investors
the opportunity to build up some long-
term crude oil exposure over the next
three to five years.

Petroleum demand in selected markets

Year-on-year change — in mbpd

ro)
ro)
0.8 ors NN -— AN AN
04 S= oo Oo CO co [|
-0.4 in nS
To gt 8
-0.8 oa
© co ov WY a @ Fe B
e858 - S BESS
U SE 5 S sto s
<<
M2012E Z013E

Source: UBS, as of Oct. 2012

Note: Past performance is not an indication of future returns.

For further information please contact ClO's asset class specialists Dominic Schnider, dominic.schnider@ubs.com or Giovanni Staunovo, giovanni.staunovo@ubs.com

Please see important disclaimer and disclosures at the end of the document.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025283
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025960.txt,"From: Joscha Bach 
Sent: 7/24/2016 5:23:46 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Mechanisms for learning 
Importance: High 
Average humans are probably not fully able to learn how to program etc. Fraction of people that reshape the 
world are at the right end of the Bell curves, so difference in variation means fewer women. We tend to be more 
interested in the outliers. Have people explicitly evolved to be not to be too smart on average, or is general 
intelligence so hard to get from human brains? 
Am 24.07.2016 um 00:20 schrieb jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>: 
the average is the only thing that matters 
On Sat, Jul 23, 2016 at 6:02 PM, Joscha Bach < 
> wrote: 
Am 23.07.2016 um 04:41 schrieb jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>: 
Cells seem to be mostly indistinguishable (except for )04 I thought? 
Size is different on average, but males with small brains are still male. 
Variation of all traits is higher for males, so there are more high IQ men (wider bell-curve). Given average 
brain size difference, the small difference in average IQ is surprising, I think 
gender differenece. unlikely motivational, every cell is different. size is didfferent. . 
the more radical idea is that brains are the nucleus of the human"" cell: the body the membrane, the 
organizm the colletcions and interactions of brains, wisdom of crowds . mirroring. etc. . money used 
as signals. as is spoken language. . what does social behavior mean, it is the cooridiation of indiv 
brains. = 
I think that mathematics based thinking does not allow for censorship. money people concepts if they are 
all math , then poliiical correctness and their structures are only subsets of a larger group of thoughts. its 
not emotinal for me. 
most people have censorship built in at a deep level, social reasoning gets to different results than equivalent 
abstract reasoning 
On Sat, Jul 23, 2016 at 3:02 AM, Joscha Bach < H- wrote: 
Some thoughts I meant to send back for a long time: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025960 
no worry, if i understand correctly you are suggsting there are layers 1 through N. lets cal them L 1 - 
Ln. there are times T 1- Tn / and then conjecture that changing the time . correlations ( by genetic swtch 
or other method. , you might be able to make blacks smarter by changing the time for motor layer 
development and changing the time for other layers. . ). like telemeres for the cell , are their equivalents for 
the layers. . as you talked about culling the unused neurons in each layer, each neuron in each layer would 
get dfferent ( kill yourself if you are not being used instructions ). 
Exactly. I looked up the statistics, black kids in the US have slower cognitive development (and never catch 
up), which the study of course attributed to social factors without any evidence, and they had faster motor 
development! I suspect this means their brains are slower at learning high-level concepts, because the low-
level structures are optimized for a shorter time. But they will keep the lead in motor development, because it 
is easier to learn, and they have more time and attention to practice once they get the structures in place. 
It could also be that they have an additional set of learning directives in place that adapts them better to a 
more hunting/running style of life, whereas the Europeans had to adapt for identifying long-term seasonal 
patterns, delayed gratification for agriculture etc. 
and CONCEPTS could be layer to layer communicaiton. . are gender differences also a matter of time, 
and structure of interactions. . 
I suspect gender differences are mostly motivational, i.e. we have a reward system for all the different social 
and cognitive needs, which makes us receive different kinds of pleasure and pain, thereby pay attention and 
learn. You cannot learn what does not attract your attention. Women tend to find abstract systems, conflicts 
and mechanisms intrinsically boring. Most women in computer science do not write programs because they 
enjoy solving puzzles, but because they want to help people, get approval etc. There are almost no women in 
math, because it does not help people or yield social attention. 
Men tend to find elaborate social relations boring. If there is no pleasure in observing and empathizing with 
people, one will not have good social cognition. 
IQ is not the only meaningful difference. Chinese pay an inordinate amount of attention to authority. I suspect 
historically., the authorities tended to kill them a lot if they did not. Jews tend be intellectually independent 
and anti-authoritarian, which might make them creative and inventive in ways that are hard to find in Asia. 
At the moment, I think speed/quality of brain development plus motivational system are the key to 
understanding both mind and individual differences. Important part of human language might be the result in 
a motivational need to discover/invent grammatical structure, which as a side effect makes us interested in 
music. 
It would mean that Chomsky's life long hypothesis, that people have a special circuit for grammatical 
language, is wrong. They might be GENERAL learners, just like Gorillas, but with a strong motivational urge 
to build grammatical structure, which the brain simply invents (there are only a few ways in which a natural 
language can work). That is much easier to wire into a brain than a specific circuit. 
i my self believe that african music, westrn music , chinese music are a window into the the structure of 
those layers. . western rigid, african primitve , chinese nature based, . I belive that synphoic movments 
best describe your layering, they open with a basic simple melody„ after it is learned, it is repeated and"" 
developed"" , inverted, distorted, related, etc. the development stage take a long time. then there is a 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025961 
recapitlaltion of the whole. and its inter and intra actions. . african musci has lots of beats. and little 
development. - no accident, it mirrors their learning process. 
Interesting question if music is somehow indicative of genetically defined prefs, but I am not sure. It could be 
path effects, starting in culture. 
re taboo 
, maybe climate change is a good way of dealing with overpopulation. . the earths forest fire. potentailly 
a good thing for the species 
Making having children expensive in terms of upbringing and missed opportunity (like in the west) is a more 
humane way. Environmental stress while leaving near rock bottom tends to lead people to have more 
children, because there is no missed opportunity, and high mortality requires more attempts at procreation. 
Humans are a hardy species, outside of focused famine events and wars only small fractions of any given 
population die. 
I suspect that strong reductions in population will come from large-scale failure of agriculture. The climate 
change itself with result in migration and wars, but most people will probably survive that. But who knows, I 
might be wrong. 
too many people, so many mass executions of the elderly and infirm make sense 
is the fundamental fact that everyone dies at some time .make it imporrisbole to ask so why not earilier. if 
the brain discards unused neurons, why shold socieity keep their equivalent 
The radical idea of treating individuals in a society as cells and the society itself as a well-organized organism 
is fascism, or course. Probably the most efficient and rationally stringent way of governance, if someone 
could pull it off in a sustainable way; and if it is aggressive and expansive, its efficiency makes it a virus that 
everybody will want to stomp out. Fascism makes romantic doo-gooders like me very uncomfortable (I 
visited KZ Buchenwald five times and it had a profound influence on me; we East Germans inoculated 
ourselves very thoroughly against fascism), and the general public will not be willing to consider it. 
I rather like the treatment Fascism gets in the Amazon Series ""The Man in the High Castle"", which explores 
what would have happened if the Germans and Japanese had won the war: A society that tries to function as a 
brutal and ruthlessly efficient machine, eliminating all social and evolutionary slack. It is very dark, but not a 
flat caricature of pointless evil for its own sake. Heinlein's late book ""Starship Troopers"" explores fascism, 
too, but unlike Philipp K Dick he does not see it as a form of insanity, but as the most desirable order. 
I find your ""political incorrectness"" very fascinating. In the beginning, I thought it is a form of costly 
signaling, but now I think you are simply entirely unconstrained in your thoughts. How did you manage in 
your youth? Did you get in trouble, or did you keep your thoughts to yourself? I wonder what kind of person 
you want to transform into. 
It was interesting to notice that at the Forbidden Research conference, nobody managed to say anything 
remotely out-of line. One large discussion group wanted to address the question of whether ""democracy still 
works"", and mostly expressed their disagreement with Trump. Ideology is like halitosis: easy to see in others, 
hard in oneself A speaker felt that the media ""stifle all criticism of Trump"", another wanted to remove ""men 
and Elon Musk from government"", and everybody strongly agreed that we need more diversity everywhere. 
I noticed some time ago that Joi has remarkable public communication skills. He picks controversial, insight-
laden topics, but sanitizes them by carefully replacing the parts of content that would divide his audience with 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025962 
symbolic messages that everybody can fill with their own content in a way that resonates with them. The non-
controversial parts will still be insightful. He manages to come across as very subversive, while rarely 
offending anyone (except the hard scientists, that miss hard substance). 
He also asks influential people and smart students or faculty to write parts of his essays and speeches for him. 
This invests them in his success, especially because he is going to reward and acknowledge them. Very few of 
his ideas are original, instead he is good at identifying and testing thoughts he reads or hears from others. 
I am still beset by the ruinous instinct that the goal of communication ought to be mutual understanding. Joi is 
right. Public communication is about reaching one's goals. 
Bests, 
Joscha 
On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 12:42 AM, Joscha Bach <______________________H wrote: 
Dear Jeffrey, 
thank you for your support and encouragement, even where I fail. 
Sorry for being such an embarrassment today. I will spell out today's argument a bit better and cohesive 
when I get to it. Also, I should have recognized that the main point I tried to make would trigger Noam (who 
was as always very generous, patient, kind and humble on the personal level, even though he did not feel like 
conceding anything on the conceptual one). Almost all of Noam's work focused on the idea that humans have 
very specific circuits or modules (even when most people in his field began to have other ideas), and his 
frustration is that it is so hard to find or explain them. 
I found Noam's hypothesis very compelling in the past. I still think that the idea that language is somehow a 
cultural or social invention of our species is wrong. But I think that there is a chance (we don't know that, but 
it seems to most promising hypothesis IMHO) that the difference between humans and apes is not a very 
intricate special circuit, but genetically simple developmental switches. The bootstrapping of cognition 
works layer by layer during the first 20 years of our life. Each layer takes between a few months and a few 
years to train in humans. While a layer is learned, there is not much going on in the higher layers yet, and 
after the low level learning is finished, it does not change very much. This leads to the characteristic bursts in 
child development, that have famously been described by Piaget. 
The first few layers are simple perceptual stuff, the last ones learn social structure and self-in-society. The 
switching works with something like a genetic clock, very slowly in humans, but much more quickly in other 
apes, and very fast in small mammals. As a result, human children take nine months before their brains are 
mature enough to crawl, and more than a year before they can walk. Many African populations are quite a bit 
faster. In the US, black children outperform white children in motor development, even in very poor and 
socially disadvantaged households, but they lag behind (and never catch up) in cognitive development even 
after controlling for family income. 
Gorillas can crawl after 2 months, and build their own nests after 2.5 years. They leave their mothers at 3-4 
years. Human children are pretty much useless during the first 10-12 years, but during each phase, their 
brains have the opportunity to encounter many times as much training data as a gorilla brain. Humans are 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025963 
literally smarter on every level, and because the abilities of the higher levels depend on those of the lower 
levels, they can perform abstractions that mature gorillas will never learn, no matter how much we try to 
train them. 
The second set of mechanisms is in the motivational system. Motivation tells the brain what to pay attention 
to, by giving reward and punishment. If a brain does not get much reward for solving puzzles, the individual 
will find mathematics very boring and won't learn much of it. If a brain gets lots of rewards for discovering 
other people's intentions, it will learn a lot of social cognition. 
Language might be the result of three things that are different in humans: 
- extended training periods per layer (after the respective layer is done, it is difficult to learn a new set of 
phonemes or the first language) 
- more layers 
- different internal rewards. Perhaps the reward for learning grammatical structure is the same that makes us 
like music. Our brains may enjoy learning compositional regular structure, and they enjoy making 
themselves understood, and everything else is something the universal cortical learning figures out on its 
own. 
This is a hypothesis that is shared by a growing number of people these days. In humans, it is reflected for 
instance by the fact that races with faster motor development have lower IQ. (In individuals of the same 
group, slower development often indicates defects, of course.) 
Another support comes from machine learning: we find that the same learning functions can learn visual and 
auditory pattern recognition, and even end-to-end-learning. Google has built automatic image recognition 
into their current photo app: 
http://blogs.wsj . com/digits/2015/07/01/go o gle-mistakenly-tags-black-p eop le-as-gorillas-showing-limits-o f-
algorithms/  
The state of the art in research can do better than that: it can begin to ""imagine"" things. I.e. when the 
experimenter asks the system to ""dream"" what a certain object looks like, the system can produce a 
somewhat compelling image, which indicates that it is indeed learning visual structure. This stuff is 
something nobody could do a few months ago: 
http://www.creativeai.net/posts/Mv4WG6rdzAerZF7ch/synthesizing-preferred-inputs-via-deep-generator-
networks  
A machine learning program that can learn how to play an Atari game without any human supervision or 
hand-crafted engineering (the feat that gave DeepMind 500M from Google) now just takes about 130 lines of 
Python code. 
These models do not have interesting motivational systems, and a relatively simple architecture. They 
currently seem to mimic some of the stuff that goes on in the first few layers of the cortex. They learn object 
features, visual styles, lighting and rotation in 3d, and simple action policies. Almost everything else is 
missing. But there is a lot of enthusiasm that the field might be on the right track, and that we can learn 
motor simulations and intuitive physics soon. (The majority of the people in Al do not work on this, 
however. They try to improve the performance for the current benchmarks.) 
Noam's criticism of machine translation mostly applies to the Latent Semantic Analysis models that Google 
and others have been using for many years. These models map linguistic symbols to concepts, and relate 
concepts to each other, but they do not relate the concepts to ""proper"" mental representations of what objects 
and processes look like and how they interact. Concepts are probably one of the top layers of the learning 
hierarchy, i.e. they are acquired *after* we learn to simulate a mental world, not before. Classical linguists 
ignored the simulation of a mental world entirely. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025964 
It seems miraculous that purely conceptual machine translation works at all, but that is because concepts are 
shared between speakers, so the structure of the conceptual space can be inferred from the statistics of 
language use. But the statistics of language use have too little information to infer what objects look like and 
how they interact. 
My own original ideas concern a few parts of the emerging understanding of what the brain does. The 
""request-confirmation networks"" that I have introduced at a NIPS workshop in last the December are an 
attempt at modeling how the higher layers might self-organize into cognitive programs. 
Cheers! 
Joscha 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025965 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025966 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031305.txt,"Begin forwarded message:

From: steven hoffenberg <hoffenberg.steven@gmail.com>

Date: August 11, 2016 at 9:36:01 AM EDT

To: ""Players2 ."" <playersO2@hotmail.com>

Subject: JAMES PATTERSON NEW BOOK TELLING FEDS COVER

UP OF BILLIONAIRE JEFF EPSTEIN CHILD RAPES RELEASE DATE OCT 10 2016 STEV
EN HOFFENBERG IS ON THE BOOK WRITING TEAM !!!!

C EO STEVEN HOFFENBERG / TRUMP SUPER PAC/ GET OUR JOBS BACK INC

TO ROGER STONE

CHILD RAPE BILLIONAIRE JEFF EPSTEIN NEW TELL ALL JAMES PATTERSON BOOK FE
DS COVER UP NO FED ARREST OF MASS CHILD RAPIST BILLIONAIRE JEFF EPSTEIN BO

Steven J. Hoffenberg
New York Post Publishing INC.
CEO

WHAM INC THE PUBLIC COMPANY OWNS THE BELOW OPERATIONS

TOWERSINVESTORS.COM
CEO

SEE
WWwW.POST PUBLISHING.BUZZ THE JESUS CHRIST ON LINE GODs WORD NEWSPAPER

MR HOFFENBERG ONLINE NEWSPAPER
PUBLICSPEAKINGWALLSTREET.COM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031305
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029103.txt,"heard inspiring leaders talk about making the world a better place. As a ‘Next Gen’ myself, | joined the Family
Business Community. There | discovered impact investing, which in turn led me to take the Harvard Kennedy
School course Impact Investing for the Next Generation. Working on projects with other Next Gen associates
has given me a taste of courses and case study groups at Harvard, and | love it. | have since, through our
family office, been eyeing for investment projects that could make a measurable positive difference on com-
munities around the world.

Finally, I'd like to talk about awakening.

After decades of managing and growing his company, my father returned to his original passion of sharing
“wellness” to build sustainable communities. He created the “Wellness Foundation,” a non-profit aiming to
bring healthy lifestyles to people around the world. One of our international partners is the Clinton Foundation,
and during our annual Wellness Congress in 2012, former President Clinton even delivered the keynote
speech and | am currently helping to bring high profile speakers to our 25th Congress that will be held next
year.

For our local community in Italy, | have been involved in the development of the “Wellness Valley,” a socially
innovative project urging all our stakeholders to strengthen civic attitudes and culture towards healthy living
for human-centric prevention and sustainability. Our long-term goal is to recreate this model in communities
worldwide, allowing governments to reduce healthcare costs, companies to increase productivity, and people
in general to improve their quality of life.

For several years, this project was, like Technogym, an endeavour outside my job at Luxottica. | joined that
company as a marketing intern and was soon promoted to manage an important licensed brand, Tiffany&Co.
It turned out my previous experience had prepared me well for this first big management opportunity, and |
truly enjoyed it.

Exploring the workings of a complex international firm of 80,000 employees, | began to re-examine my family’s
business. When Technogym had its IPO in early 2016, | joined its Board of Directors and looked deep into the
company's potential and my own role. The time was right to take on new responsibilities. Resigning from
Luxottica and training my replacement, | dove into a new Technogym project, the first of its kind. I'm currently
working with the Senior Retail VP to develop a B2C sales channel through new experiential stores in Milan
and London, where | direct staff, strategy, and new revenue streams. Moreover, | recently took responsibility
over the development of a new business unit with the launch of a clothing line, including the evaluation of
potential partnerships and acquisitions, aimed at increasing our presence in the consumer sector at a higher
pace. These are uphill endeavours, but | am energetic to face them. My two years on the Board of Enervit —
a listed health-food company, and another family business — have given me useful insights.

Leadership is both a burden and a blessing — having control can also isolate you — that is why | want to get
all | can from the 360° training and feedback of an HBS MBA. | don't want to be just a founder's daughter; |
want to be a leader in my own right. | am a passionate person with vision, intuition and an ability to think
laterally — a key asset, | think, for Technogym. Taking charge will be a challenge, but | am sure that with my
determination | will be able to demonstrate the autonomy and leadership to take Technogym into the next era.
After the MBA, | plan to spend several years in the US to push the company’s expansion in the world’s largest
wellness/fitness market — despite a strong international reputation, our market share in the US is still modest;
| see the opportunity to grow our presence into a leading position, and earning the best training to prepare for
that is my next step.

Now you understand more about me, my family, our company and why my dream has brought me to you. |
have worked hard to learn from peers, friends, and mentors and will continue to do so in a new setting that
will help me grow — as a woman, a manager, a leader, and, | hope, an example to others.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029103
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012923.txt,"1.6 Potential Approaches to AGI 7

likely to come about for a decade or two. So to do brain-emulation AGI seriously, one needs to
wait a while until brain scanning technology improves.

Current AI methods like neural nets that are loosely based on the brain, are really not brain-
like enough to make a serious claim at emulating the brain’s approach to general intelligence.
We don’t yet have any real understanding of how the brain represents abstract knowledge, for
example, or how it does reasoning (though the authors, like many others, have made some
speculations in this regard [GMIH08]).

Another problem with this approach is that once you’re done, what you get is something
with a very humanlike mind, and we already have enough of those! However, this is perhaps
not such a serious objection, because a digital-computer-based version of a human mind could
be studied much more thoroughly than a biology-based human mind. We could observe its
dynamics in real-time in perfect precision, and could then learn things that would allow us to
build other sorts of digital minds.

1.6.4 Evolve an AGI

Another approach is to try to run an evolutionary process inside the computer, and wait for
advanced AGI to evolve.

One problem with this is that we don’t know how evolution works all that well. There’s a
field of artificial life, but so far its results have been fairly disappointing. It’s not yet clear how
much one can vary on the chemical structures that underly real biology, and still get powerful
evolution like we see in real biology. If we need good artificial chemistry to get good artificial
biology, then do we need good artificial physics to get good artificial chemistry?

Another problem with this approach, of course, is that it might take a really long time.
Evolution took billions of years on Earth, using a massive amount of computational power. To
make the evolutionary approach to AGI effective, one would need some radical innovations to
the evolutionary process (such as, perhaps, using probabilistic methods like BOA [Pel05] or
MOSES [Loo06] in place of traditional evolution).

1.6.5 Derwe an AGI design mathematically

One can try to use the mathematical theory of intelligence to figure out how to make advanced
AGI.

This interests us greatly, but there’s a huge gap between the rigorous math of intelligence
as it exists today and anything of practical value. As we'll discuss in Chapter 7, most of the
rigorous math of intelligence right now is about how to make AI on computers with dramati-
cally unrealistic amounts of memory or processing power. When one tries to create a theoretical
understanding of real-world general intelligence, one arrives at quite different sorts of consider-
ations, as we will roughly outline in Chapter 10. Ideally we would like to be able to study the
CogPrime design using a rigorous mathematical theory of real-world general intelligence, but at
the moment that’s not realistic. The best we can do is to conceptually analyze CogPrime and
its various components in terms of relevant mathematical and theoretical ideas; and perform
analysis of CogPrime’s individual structures and components at varying levels of rigor.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012923
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020229.txt,"77

CHAPTER NINE

The String-Puller

“It wasn’t that they put it on me as an individual — that I’m uniquely qualified [or] an angel descending
from the heavens — as that they put it on someone, somewhere.”

--Edward Snowden in Moscow, 2013

Downloading NSA documents was not Snowden’s only rogue activity while working at the
NSA for Dell in 2012. Three weeks after the Crypto party, Snowden began anonymously
contacting a high-profile journalist, He used the same alias “Cincinnatus” that he used with
Sandvik, and to advertise the Oahu Crypto Party. The journalist to whom he wrote On December
1, 2012, was Glenn Greenwald, the previously-mentioned Rio-based columnist for the Guardian.

Greenwald had not always been an activist journalist. Up until 2004, Greenwald was a
litigation lawyer at the elite New York firm of Wachtell, Lipton, and Rosen & Katz. He was also
an entrepreneur owning part of Master Notions, a company which, among other things, had a fifty
percent financial interest in the pornographic website HJ (an acronym which originally stood for
“Hairy Jock.”) All did not go well with this enterprise. In 2004, Greenwald became involved in
an acrimonious law suit with his other associates in HJ. As a result, he had a number of open
legal judgments filed against him, including an $85,000 lien by the IRS.

After resigning from his law firm in 2005, he moved to Rio de Janeiro and began a new career
as a blogger for the Internet magazine Sa/on. He wrote fierce, and often brilliant, polemics
against US government surveillance and other perceived intrusions on personal privacy The extent
of his bitter antagonism to the activities of the “surveillance state,” as he called it, was reflected in
the title of his 2007 book, How Would a Patriot Act? Defending American Values from a
President Run Amok. His position on surveillance was unrelenting, even when it came to the
president. “By ordering illegal eavesdropping, the president had committed crimes and should be
held accountable for them,” Greenwald wrote. | When Barack Obama became President in
2009, Greenwald also attacked him for breaking the law by “ordering illegal eavesdropping.”
Because of his opposition to President Obama, he contributed money to the libertarian campaign
of Ron Paul, the same candidate to whom Snowden gave money.

In August 2012, he had transferred his provocative blog, which had amassed a following of
nearly one million readers (including Snowden), from Sa/on to the Guardian. The British
newspaper also had a powerful anti-surveillance position, having first published the Wikileaks
documents that had been illicitly leaked by Private Bradley Manning and published by Assange in
2010.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020229
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030452.txt,"wai
iid

Share ===-| Tweet ==. Forward

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030452
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033362.txt,"From: Richard Kahn 
Sent: 5/30/2019 3:19:40 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: Apple, Inc.: Addressing The Top 5 Investor Questions 
Importance: High 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: ""Morgan Stanley"" <ms-wmir@morganstanley.com> 
Subject: Apple, Inc.: Addressing The Top 5 Investor Questions 
Date:  May 29, 2019 at 6:35:01 PM EDT 
To: <_________________________ 
Reply-To: <mswmir-cie-feedback@morganstanley.com> 
FF. 
Wealth Management 
Apple, Inc.: Addressing The Top 5 Investor Questions 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033362 
'1"".• 
Katy L. Huberty, CFA — Morgan Stanley 
May 29, 2019 10:28 PM GMT 
Given the risk of further restrictive trade measures, we answer investors' top questions. We expect 
shares to remain choppy, with a near-term floor around $160. Our estimates are unchanged but 
peer multiple contraction drives our SoTP-driven PT to $231 (from $240). 
What is the latest view on iPhone demand in China? On Apple's April 30th earnings call, CEO Tim 
Cook noted that the November-December period was likely to be the trough in iPhone demand in 
China, following an improvement in performance during the March quarter helped by iPhone price 
cuts, VAT tax rollbacks, increased financing options and better consumer confidence. Data from 
push-messaging service provider Jigaung shows that the improvement in iPhone demand likely 
persisted through April, where Apple gained over 175bps of Chinese smartphone installed base 
share Y/Y (1). However, the increasingly tough trade rhetoric and actions recently taken by US and 
Chinese authorities make it less likely this trend will continue into May/June. Late last week, 
following the Huawei blacklist, President Trump commented that ""it's possible that Huawei would be 
________included in a trade deal"", suggesting recent actions could be bargaining chips to use in trade 
negotiations that can be worked out by/around the G20 Summit in late June, but with Apple guiding 
June quarter revenue down 8% Q/Q (vs. trailing 3 year seasonality of -14% Q/Q), the risk remains 
that weaker near-term demand in China increases the risk of a revenue shortfall. For reference, we 
model 37M iPhone shipments in the June quarter (-10% Y/Y), in-line with iPhone builds, which 
implies a 5th consecutive quarter of double digit iPhone shipment declines in China. If we assume 
Chinese demand significantly weakens in the last 6 weeks of the quarter and iPhone shipments 
instead fall 50% Y/Y (a 10 point further deceleration from March Q declines), then we'd expect 2.3M 
lower iPhone units (-6% vs. our current model), $1.6B lower revenue (-2.9%) and a $0.05 hit to EPS 
(-2 
This alert is sent from: 
Andrew Atlas, Andrew.Atlas@morganstanley.com 
You received this because you requested that you receive content and reports from: 
APPLE INC. 
Please contact your FA if you want to unsubscribe from the alerts. 
Disclosures: 
Please see the full report for risks, disclosures and other important information. 
Important disclosures regarding the relationship between the companies that are referenced in Morgan Stanley research 
and Morgan Stanley Wealth Management research are available on the Morgan Stanley Wealth Management disclosure 
webs ite at https://www.morganstanley.com/online/researchdisclosures. 
Morgan Stanley Wealth Management Not Acting as Municipal Advisor 
Morgan Stanley Wealth Management is not acting as a municipal advisor to any municipal entity or obligated person 
within the meaning of Section 15B of the Securities Exchange Act (the ""Municipal Advisor Rule"") and the opinions or 
views contained herein are not intended to be, and do not constitute, advice within the meaning of the Municipal Advisor 
Rule. 
Copyright 
The copyright in materials provided by Morgan Stanley is owned by Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC. Morgan Stanley Wealth 
Management is the trade name of Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC, a registered broker-dealer in the United States. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033363 
@ 2019 Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC. Member SIPC. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033364 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030334.txt,"1/8/2015 Prince Andrew sex allegations: Jeffrey Epstein's butler Alfredo Rodriguez, who stole tell-all ""black book', dies age 60
ili ire sex in had '21 s' for Bill Cli

hitp/Avww independent.co.uk/news/people/prince-andrew-sex-allagations-jeffrey-epsteins-butler-alfredo-rodriguez-who-stole-tellall-black-book-dies-age-G0-9... 2/2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030334
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013383.txt,"4, Edwards is Entitled to Summary Judgment to the Extent His Claim is Based
On Pursuit of Discovery Concerning Epstein’s Friends Because All Such
Efforts Were Reasonably Calculated to Lead to Relevant and Admissible
Testimony About Epstein’s Abuse of Minor Girls.

Epstein has also alleged that Edwards improperly pursued discovery from some his close
friends. Such discovery, Epstein claims, was improper because Edwards knew that these
ined iets lacked any discoverable information about the sexual assault cases against Epstein.

| Here again, Edwards is entitled to summary judgment, as each of the friends of Epstein
were reasonably believed to possess discoverable information. The undisputed facts show the
following with regard to each of the persons raised in Epstein’s complaint:

| e With regard to Donald Trump, Edwards had sound legal basis for believing Mr.

Trump had relevant and discoverable information. See Statement of Undisputed
Facts.

e With regard to Alan Dershowitz (Harvard Law Professor), Edwards had sound
legal basis for believing Mr. Dershowitz had relevant and discoverable
information. See Statement of Undisputed Facts.

e With regard to former President Bill Clinton, Edwards had sound legal basis for
believing former President Clinton had relevant and discoverable information.
See Statement of Undisputed Facts.

e With regard to former Sony Record executive Tommy Mottola, Edwards was not

the attorney that noticed Mr. Mottola’s deposition. See Statement of Undisputed
Facts,

e With regard to illusionist David Copperfield, Edwards had sound legal basis for
believing Mr. Copperfield had relevant and discoverable information. See
Statement of Undisputed Facts.

e With regard to former New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, Edwards had
sound legal basis for naming Former New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson on
his witness list. See Statement of Undisputed Facts.

It is worth noting that the standard for discovery is a very liberal one. To notice someone

for a deposition, of course, it is not required that the person deposed actually end up producing

14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013383
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029665.txt,"http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/creativity-is-central-to-our-endeavours/story-fn59niix-

1226173494033

Paul Keating explains as never before

e BY:PAUL KELLY, EDITOR-AT-LARGE
° From:The Australian
e October 22, 2011 12:00AM

WITH his panoramic view of world affairs sharper than ever, Paul Keating blames the current global crisis
on blunders by European and US leaders and warns that Australia must rediscover the keys to national
success.

Interviewed in his Sydney office, furnished in a style he calls “the last gasp of revolutionary classicism"", Keating's
new 600-plus page book sits atop his desk, an insight into his intellectual, aesthetic and political obsessions.

What has Keating been doing since he left office in 1996? He has been travelling, speaking and analysing the
world and Australia with undiminished intensity suggesting a man operating as prime minister-in-exile.

His idea of leadership is more philosophical than ever, more distant from Bob Hawke or John Howard. His focus is
the synthesis between beauty and reason and his book encompasses China's currency, the world malaise,
Mahler's Symphony No2 and broaching the republic with the Queen.

During the interview Keating talks, as never before, about his leadership concept. But he
is doing something else: explaining himself to a still puzzled nation.

“The great changes in civilisation and society have been wrought by deeply held beliefs
and passion rather than by a process of rational deduction,” Keating tells me. In
retirement, his political inspiration comes from music and beauty, not opinion polls.

There are signs he has mellowed. While ruthless with his judgments Keating is keen to
support a struggling Labor Party while addressing the source of its strategic demise.

""The failure of the Rudd and Gillard administrations is the lack of an over-arching story,
the lack of a compelling story,"" he says when interviewed last week.

""I'm happy that Labor took us through this dreadful financial crisis so competently. But
they are not in the business of teaching. And governments, to succeed with change, must
be in the business of educating the community.

“Our Labor governments have failed to conceptualise the changes. We need a
framework.

“What is the framework? It is ‘Australia in Transition’ strategically and economically.
That's the story we have to present.

""| think the Australian people are very conscientious. During the 1980s and 1990s we
proved they will respond conscientiously to necessary reforms. They mightn't like them
but they'll accept them. But reforms have to be presented in a digestible format.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029665
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031463.txt,"Correspondent

Reuters News

Thomson Reuters

Reuters.com

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
<katie johnson v trump complaint.pdf>

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031463
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017972.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 9 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 10 of 18

“Are there more than one victim?”’ Circuit Court Judge Deborah Dale Pucillo asked the prosecutor at Epstein’s sentencing on June 30, 2008.
“There’s several,” replied assistant state prosecutor Lanna Belohlavek.

“Are all the victims in both of these cases in agreement with the terms of this plea?”‘ Pucillo later asked.

“Yes,’‘ Belohlavek replied, telling the judge that she had spoken to “several” of Epstein’s victims.

Emails show that federal prosecutors didn’t want the judge to know how many victims and accomplices there were.

Federal prosecutor A. Marie Villafafia— in a September 2007 email to Epstein lawyer Jay Lefkowitz — said: “I will mention co-conspirators but I would
prefer not to highlight for the judge all the other crimes and all the other persons that we could charge.”

Attorney Spencer Kuvin happened to be in court that day because he’d heard Epstein was to appear, but Kuvin didn’t know why. He figured he’d use it as
an opportunity to serve Epstein with civil court papers involving one of several victims he represented. Instead, he listened to what was happening and
couldn’t believe that no one had contacted him or his clients.

“T was shocked to learn that the proceeding involved my client’s case and there was nothing I could do except watch as they disposed of her case without
ever telling her,” Kuvin said.

At the hearing, Belohlavek and Epstein’s attorney, Goldberger, were in sync, the court transcript shows. Epstein would be required to register as a sex

offender, but his probation would not be served under the strict requirements of sex offender probation.

Jeffrey Epstein is a registered sex offender in New York State and Florida. Emily Michot E//CHOT@MIAMIHERALD.COM

The judge didn’t question those provisions, but she did ask why Epstein was going to serve his sentence in the Palm Beach County stockade instead of ina
Florida state prison, like most sex offenders.

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017972
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012225.txt,"ie

16
17
18
419
20
21

22

MP:

MP:

MA truck.

And she had like short hair and she had like a styled hair, like a cute little style. |
don't remember her name. i talked to her but | didn’t remember her name cause
(inaudible) right after | got in the car. And then all the way there, we were just
fistening to music and singing and stuff and like just Jaughing and stuff. And she
told me the girl about her boyfriend and stuff (inaudible).

So you're driving, So BB picks you up. Do you remember what day it was?
No but | know it was a Sunday because | told my dad, Dad can { please go on
Sunday with Haley to go shopping and my dad goes where are you guys going
shopping because he didn’t know and he said no at first and | was like
Dad, that’s, you know Zack’s cousin and then my dad says okay but | have
to meet her. So then [called me afterward and then she’s like I'm gonna
need $10 for gas and she was like can your dad give me $10? And then! was
like sure but! didn’t ask my dad, | just (inaudible) $10. And then my dad was.
okay and my dad called me, he's like (inaudible) I'm not gonna be able to give
you money. So then | was really mad but then | didn't tell out my dad
ended up {inaudibie) (inaudible) wher was pulling up, my dad ended up
pulling up sol and my dad saw each other. And] was like, oh my
God, your dad is so hot. And then | said yeah, right. Started laughing about it.
And then my dad gave Haley $10 for the gas.

So you got in the car. What kind of car did she drive?

Page 15 0f 43

03131

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012225
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024823.txt,"COWEN
COLLABORATIVE INSIGHTS February 25, 2019

2

COWEN’S COLLECTIVE VIEW OF CBD

In a collaboration featuring 11 analysts across Cowen’s consumer, health care,
industrials and regulatory teams, herein we offer our outlook for the global CBD market,
with a particular focus on the U.S. While little science exists supporting medical efficacy
of CBD (with the exception of seizures, which GWPharma was able to prove with
Epidiolex for Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, as discussed in more
detail herein), the popularity of CBD products seems to be growing exponentially in the
U.S. Indeed, our consumer survey work suggest that close to 7% of adults in the U.S.
already use CBD as a supplement.

With the category gaining increasing interest from consumers we have seen a swell in
product innovation. And, the opportunity is increasingly drawing the attention of larger
competitors (where for instance, WEED announced that they would consider spending
as much as $500 mm in U.S. hemp / CBD). By 2025, we estimate that the U.S. CBD
market could approach $16 bn (from $600 mm -S2 bn in 2018}.

Herein, we offer our views of:
1. Consumer Products Market Sizing (Azer)
2. The Science of CBD (Nadeau)
3. The Hemp / CBD Supply Chain: From Cultivation to Extraction (Neivert & Schenkel)
4. Consumer Products Opportunities (Azer)
5. The CBD Competitive Landscape - Public and Private Company Discussions (Azer)
6. Consumer Discretionary Retail and Brand Opportunities Across:
a. Pharmacy (Rhyee)
b. E-Commerce (Blackledge)
c. Broader Retail (Chen)
d. Specialty Brands (Kernan)
7. On-Premise Consumption Opportunities (Charles)
8. U.S. Regulatory Outlook (Assaraf, Krueger, Seiberg & Weissenstein)
9. Global CBD Landscape (Azer)
10. Additional Potential Opportunities for Hemp / CBD, Including
a. Pharmaceutical Applications (Nadeau)

b. Industrial Applications (Osborne)

COWEN.COM 7

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024823
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027963.txt,"frustration of trying to convince the generals in the kirya to give us the go-
ahead. Some of them agreed Israel needed a specially trained commando force.
But not everyone felt Sayeret Matkal could, or should, take on that role. Rafael
“Raful” Eitan was perhaps the most strident. He had fought with the Palmach in
1948. He was an officer in Unit 101 and a commander of the parachutists’
Battalion 890. He was now kaizhar, in overall charge of all infantry and
paratroop forces. He insisted that such work required a real sayeret, by which
he meant the paratroopers.

Yet the need for a special-forces unit was becoming increasingly hard to
ignore. By the summer of 1971, a couple of months after I became sayeret
commander, King Hussein’s army had defeated the insurgency of Fatah and a
pair of even more militant partners, the Democratic Front and the Popular Front
for the Liberation of Palestine. That meant a quieter eastern frontier. But the
Palestinian groups rebased across our northern border in Lebanon. When
Jordanian Prime Minister Wafsi al-Tal was assassinated, it proved to be the start
of a series of killings and terror attacks by a new group within Fatah, called
Black September. There was at least some potentially encouraging news from
Egypt. When Nasser died in September 1970, he was succeeded by a less
flamboyantly militant vice-president, Anwar Sadat. Yet in both Egypt and
Syria, a number of our air force pilots were still being held prisoner.

I felt an especially strong motivation to help bring the pilots home. They had
risked their lives for us. It seemed to me we owed them the same. One of the
men being held in Syria, Pini Nachmani, had a personal connection to many of
us in the unit. He had worked with us on sayeret missions. I came up with a plan
that, while undeniably risky, seemed to me to have every chance of success. It
was to abduct a number of Syrians from an officers’ club on the western edge of
Damascus. We would land in transport helicopters a few miles away and unload
a pair of armored cars captured in 1967. But Raful’s view prevailed. I could not
get the approval of the Airya. I did take heart from Avraham Arnan’s support.
He was now Golda Meir’s counter-terrorism adviser. Also from the fact that
Chaim Bar-Lev’s successor as chief of staff was an old friend of the sayeret:
Dado Elazar, Avraham’s Palmach comrade from 1948. Yet winning over the
remaining doubters in the kirva was obviously going to take time.

As so often during my years in uniform, however, Sayeret Matkal’s birth as
a special-forces unit came by force of circumstance: not in an officers’ club near
Damascus, but a few miles away from our base, on a runway at Lod Airport.

115
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027963
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028553.txt,"Cite as: 586 U.S. (2019) 11

Opinion of the Court

ments” did not mean “virtually absolute immunity.” The
phrase is not a term of art with substantive content, such
as “fraud” or “forgery.” See id., at 22; Gilbert v. United
States, 370 U.S. 650, 655 (1962). It is rather a concept
that can be given scope and content only by reference to
the rules governing foreign sovereign immunity. It is true
that under the rules applicable in 1945, the extent of im-
munity from suit was virtually absolute, while under the
rules applicable today, it is more limited. But in 1945, as
today, the IOTA’s instruction to grant international organ-
izations the immunity “enjoyed by foreign governments” is
an instruction to look up the applicable rules of foreign
sovereign immunity, wherever those rules may be found—
the common law, the law of nations, or a statute. In other
words, it is a general reference to an external body of
(potentially evolving) law.

C

In ruling for the IFC, the D. C. Circuit relied upon its
prior decision in Atkinson, 156 F. 38d 1835. Atkinson
acknowledged the reference canon, but concluded that the
canon’s probative force was “outweighed” by a structural
inference the court derived from the larger context of the
IOIA. Id., at 1841. The Atkinson court focused on the
provision of the IOIA that gives the President the author-
ity to withhold, withdraw, condition, or limit the otherwise
applicable privileges and immunities of an international
organization, “in the light of the functions performed by
any such international organization.” 22 U.S.C. §288.
The court understood that provision to “delegate to the
President the responsibility for updating the immunities
of international organizations in the face of changing
circumstances.” Atkinson, 156 F. 3d, at 1341. That dele-
gation, the court reasoned, “undermine[d]” the view that
Congress intended the IOIA to in effect update itself by
incorporating changes in the law governing foreign sover-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028553
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011704.txt,"When we got to Hussein’s country home, we were greeted by an
impressively self-assured man in his late 20s who, like Hussein, had studied at
Britain’s military academy in Sandhurst and then gone on to Oxford. It was
Abdullah, the king’s son and later his successor, and he explained that he would
be in charge of handling security for the talks. For a few hours in the afternoon,
we held preliminary discussions, and I presented our assessment of the
challenges and options facing all the different players in the crisis. Then we
retired to a dinner at which — despite the royal china, crystal and silverware —
the atmosphere was also surprisingly informal.

The main meeting came the next morning. Both sides recognized the
seriousness of the issues we had to discuss. Shamir began with the one we
assumed would be the least difficult. Israel was on a heightened state of military
alert, prompted by Iraqi reconnaissance flights over Jordan, and the likelihood
the Iraqis were also hoping to get a look at our main nuclear research and
development facility in the nearby Negev. It was important to ensure this didn’t
lead to an unintended conflict between us and the Jordanians. While the king
was careful to steer clear of any detailed comment on the Iraqi moves, he made
it clear that he understood our concern about stumbling into an Israeli-Jordanian
conflict and agreed that we had to avoid doing so.

Yet the issue of our overflights, if we needed to attack the Scuds, was more
sensitive. We said that if we did have to cross into Jordanian air space, we
would find whatever way the king suggested to make it as unobtrusive as
possible. We raised the possibility of using a narrow air corridor. His response
was not hostile, but it was firm. This was an issue of Jordanian sovereignty, he
told us. He could not, and would not, collaborate in any way with an Israeli
attack on another Arab state. It was Ephraim who tried to find a way around the
apparent stalemate. He suggested Shamir and the king withdraw to speak alone,
ad they met for nearly an hour. When Shamir emerged, clasping the king’s hand
and thanking him for his hospitality, he turned to us and said: “OK. We’ re going
home.”

He didn’t tell us exactly what Hussein said. In the few sentences with which
he described the talks on the flight back, he said that, as a sovereign, Hussein
could not order his forces to ignore Israeli planes. But he added: “I assume there
will be no war with Jordan.” I took that to mean there might well be an attempt
to intercept our jets, with the risk that either we or they might end up with one
of our planes shot down, but that the king would use his authority and
experience to ensure this didn’t lead to a wider confrontation.

233
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011704
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029895.txt,"No not likely. They just filed an emergency protective order

fpesstca Cadwell, CP, FRI
Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

West Palm Beach, FL 33401

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto;
Sent: Monday, August 10, 2009 3:18 PM
To: Jessica Cadwell

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Jessica — is the depo of | going forward on Friday

From: Jessica Cadwell [mailto

Sent: Monday, August 10, 2009 12:10 PM
To: Jacquie Johnson

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

| didnt forget about this...

Still working on it.

fesstca Cadwell, CP, FRS

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

West Palm Beach, FL_ 33401

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto;

Sent: Thursday, August 06, 2009 10:47 AM
To: Jessica Cadwell

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Jessica — | need a date for the deposition of Mr. Epstein. Can you provide me with one please?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029895
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032142.txt,"With 285 rooms, Crete's Candia Maris beachfront resort is large by Starting Friday
Greek hotel standards. It shares the space between the large and airy 20/7 at 8pm BST

guestrooms, a choice of restaurants and a host of activities, whatever

your interest. Waterbabies will love the seven pools and sybarites can

camp out in the resort's Thalassotherapy spa. Overlooking Amoudara
beach just outside Heraklion, the resort underwent a top-to-bottom
renovation five years ago, adding modern style and amenities to this
uber-resort.

Click here to preview sale

The Real ""On Golden Pond""

The Manor On Golden Pond - NH

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032142
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032732.txt,"From: Larry Visoski 
Sent: 3/18/2018 2:00:32 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Wheels up 3 to New York Wednesday 
Importance: High 
Thx 3pm Wednesday to Teterboro confirmed„ 
Friday Trump arrives in PBI, I'll confirm time, 
Thx 
Larry 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Mar 18, 2018, at 9:41 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032732 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020907.txt,"Social Security: Financially Sound — So Far — Owing to

Increased Revenue / Reduced Spending Post 1983 Reform,
But ‘Operating Loss’ Resumed in 2009

Real Social Security Operating Income, 1957 — 2010

BO eee

Real Net Income of Social Security Program ($B)

1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

Note: *Data is adjusted for inflation using White House OMB’s GDP price index (based on BEA’s data).
KP USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Source: Social Security Administration.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 131

Social Security: Enrollment Up 5x to 52 Million While Inflation-Adjusted

Annual Payments per Beneficiary Up 2x to $12K From 1957 to 2009

Real Annual Social Security Payments per Beneficiary & Enrollment, 1957 — 2009

BAA ILE — mee em = et ma i = ma i 9 Hs 60
mga Enrollment
S $12,000 ------------ —— Annual Per Cap Benefits (in 2005 dollars) =
=
&
E $10,000 .
2 40
—
a =
ee =
a -_—
5 30 @
5 E
3) GGROO - =~ =~ = ge - = aoe re
<
oO ¢
£ Ww
5 20
a $4000 | TH
@
=
¢ aiid I 10
— $2,000
0
1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
P Note: Data are inflation adjusted using BEA’s GDP price index. Source: Social Security Administration.
a USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 132

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020907
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022581.txt,"79

an extensive internal investigation to determine
whether any of the company’s subsidiaries in the
same region had engaged in misconduct.

e Thecompany self-reported the misconduct and the
results of its internal investigation to DOJ and SEC.

e The company cooperated fully with investigations
by DOJ and SEC.

e In addition to the immediate training at the relevant
subsidiary, the company provided comprehensive
FCPA training to all of its employees and conducted
an extensive review of its anti-corruption compliance
program.

e The company enhanced its internal controls and
record-keeping policies and procedures, includ-
ing requiring periodic internal audits of customs
payments.

e As part ofits remediation, the company directed that
local lawyers rather than customs agents be used to
handle its permits, with instructions that “no matter
what, we don’t pay bribes’—a policy that resulted in

a longer and costlier permit procedure.

Example 5: Public Company Declination

DOJ and SEC declined to take enforcement action
against a U.S. publicly held consumer products company
in connection with its acquisition of a foreign company.
Factors taken into consideration included:

e The company identified the potential improper
payments to local government officials as part of its
pre-acquisition due diligence.

e The company promptly developed a comprehen-
sive plan to investigate, correct, and remediate any
FCPA issues after acquisition.

e Thecompany promptly self-reported the issues prior
to acquisition and provided the results of its investi-
gation to the government on a real-time basis.

e The acquiring company’s existing internal controls
and compliance program were robust.

e After the acquisition closed, the company imple-
mented a comprehensive remedial plan, ensured

that all improper payments stopped, provided

extensive FCPA training to employees of the new
subsidiary, and promptly incorporated the new
subsidiary into the company’s existing internal

controls and compliance environment.

Example 6: Private Company Declination

In 2011, DOJ declined to take prosecutorial action

against a privately held U.S. company and its foreign subsid-

iary. Factors taken into consideration included:

The company voluntarily disclosed bribes paid to
social security officials in a foreign country.

The total amount of the bribes was small.

When discovered, the corrupt practices were imme-
diately terminated.

The conduct was thoroughly investigated, and the
results of the investigation were promptly provided
to DOJ.

All individuals involved were either terminated

or disciplined. The company also terminated its
relationship with its foreign law firm.

The company instituted improved training and
compliance programs commensurate with its size

and risk exposure.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022581
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023847.txt,"New Curricula for a New Way of Teaching 107

But it is not only the accuracy of predictions that factors into our
sense of a person’s or an animal’s ability to think. We say that a person
is intelligent even when he predicts badly, if he gives good explana-
tions for his predictions even though they don’t pan out.

So when a sportscaster gives his prediction about the outcome of
an upcoming game, we think he is intelligent if he has thought it out
carefully, and if his explanation is coherent, and if his reasoning is
sound, and we give extra credit if some of his ideas are surprising in
some way. So, even if he subsequently turns out to be wrong, we still
think he is good at thinking.

But prediction is actually quite complicated to judge. We respect
great predictors. We think people who can predict well, especially
those who can explain their predictions well, are very intelligent. But,
often, we see intelligence when it may not be there. The reason is
scripts. And we may fail to see it when it is there. The reason for that
is explanations.

Scripts and explanations are at the beginning and at the end of
intelligent behavior. What do I mean by that?

When a child is learning about the world, she is learning the
scripts that commonly are followed in the world that she inhabits.
I have explained this at length in two different books,’ so I will just
summarize here.

Scripts tell us what will happen next in the aspects of the world
that repeat frequently. Anyone who goes to a restaurant knows that
when you order food, someone will bring it to you and later you will
be expected to pay for it. There are lots of variations on this standard
restaurant script, however. It doesn’t work quite like that at Burger
King. The script is different but there is a script there too and we learn
it if we frequent Burger King. The restaurant script has many varia-
tions and we are initially confused when we encounter a new one, but
we learn through repeated practice. And, we generalize so that we can
understand that the McDonald’s script is pretty much the same as the
one at Burger King.

We can predict what will happen next in the world based on ex-
periences we have repeated. Following scripts is so normal that it is
not seen as a sign of intelligence to be able to do it. We don’t exclaim:
Wow, he predicted that the waitress would bring what we ordered and
she did. Amazing!

But the opposite is certainly seen as a sign of stupidity. Once one
has experienced something many times, one should know what will

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023847
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027793.txt,"Time: 07/04/19 05:44:01 AM (583937041)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: E89C68E5-918D-4D85-AFC5-EF6DF8FEFC6C

Message: Hope you are great

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/05/19 10:39:09 AM (584041149)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 5SFB9

r,

1EC5-7270-4DD9-A66E-8DDAFO6481FB

Message: Im in Sunday- u?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027793
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030755.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 6/24/2016 10:51:32 AM
To: Faith Kates

Subject: Re:

7626

On Fri, Jun 24, 2016 at 6:49 AM, Faith Kates I wrote:

Is this the right # says its disconnected
Sent from my iPhone

On Jun 24, 2016, at 6:46 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

5616557625

On Friday, 24 June 2016, Faith Kates qT wrote:

Where are you? Not answering your cell
What the f... Does going to open 1k down not good... Trump is saying its a great thing really???

Sent from my iPhone

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030755
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023487.txt,"﻿                    
18 April, 2011

Article 1.	The Financial Times
Iran will not hinder plans for a nuclear-free world
Tom Donilon 	
Article 2.	World Affairs
Yes, Nukes: The Global Zero Utopia
Richard Perle	
Article 3.	The Daily Star
Turkey’s model may be a slippery slope
Soner Cagaptay	
Article 4.	NYT
Al Qaeda Stirs Again
Juan C. Zarate	
Article 5.	Wall Street Journal
It's in America's Interest to Stay in Iraq 
Max Boot	
Article 6.	NYT
France Flies, Germany Flops
Roger Cohen	



Article 1.

The Financial Times

Iran will not hinder plans for a nuclear-free world

Tom Donilon 



April 17 2011 -- Two years ago this month in Prague, President Barack Obama proposed steps to advance the goal of “a world without nuclear weapons”. In the 24 months since, we have laid the foundation for these next steps in arms control. But now new action is needed.

The record so far is strong. The new Start treaty with Russia will see the lowest level of deployed nuclear weapons since the 1950s. The UN Security Council has imposed unprecedented sanctions on Iran and North Korea for failing to meet their obligations. And enough nuclear materials for hundreds of weapons have been removed, secured or eliminated around the world.

Now, to end illegal nuclear programmes and stop proliferation, we will maintain pressure on both Iran and North Korea. Iran, in particular, is trying to exploit the changes sweeping across the Middle East. But the hypocrisy of claiming to support reform in other countries while suppressing it at home is obvious for all the world to see. Some believe that the changes in the region will increase Iran’s influence. In fact the opposite will happen: in a Middle East where more citizens determine their own destiny, Iran will be increasingly isolated by its actions.

Elsewhere, we will work to secure the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials within four years, and use a new international fuel bank to ensure that the use of nuclear energy does not lead to proliferation. We will also seek to bring the Comprehensive Test Ban treaty into force, while pursuing a further treaty to ban the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons.

Significant political hurdles must be overcome to make progress on these last two aims. In the case of the CTBT, we must build support in the US Senate by showing that the treaty will advance American interests, especially by limiting the current nuclear build-up in Asia. Meanwhile if a deal to proceed with negotiations for the Fissile Material Cutoff treaty proves illusive, we will move to create a new forum of like-minded states to move forward.

As we implement the new Start treaty, the next round of nuclear weapons reductions must also begin. A review, under President Obama’s direction, will develop options for new reductions in the US stockpile. Once complete, this will shape our approach to a new agreement with Russia. Past agreements have only dealt with some categories of nuclear weapons, but we believe the next round must be as wide as possible, including both non-deployed and tactical nuclear weapons.

We must address the issue of Russia’s tactical nuclear weapons, which have never been subject to numerical limits. To do this we seek to reduce the role and number of US tactical nuclear weapons, as Russia takes reciprocal measures to reduce its own tactical forces, and also to relocate these away from Nato’s borders. We would also like increased transparency concerning the numbers, locations and types of these tactical forces in Europe.

These new reductions will not be easy. While protecting national security information both sides will need to be able to monitor nuclear weapons in storage and weapons awaiting destruction. This means more demanding verification, to confirm that any future agreements will actually be implemented – and we plan to begin discussions on this with Russia in the near future.

Finally, the US remains committed to an effective missile defence system to defend against emerging missile threats, such as from Iran and North Korea. In Europe our approach was embraced by Nato at the Lisbon summit, and it paves the way for missile defence co-operation between Russia and the US, enhancing the security of both nations, and Europe.

Standing in Prague two years ago, President Obama said some believe “we are destined to live in a world where more nations and more people possess the ultimate tools of destruction”. But he also warned that “such fatalism is a deadly adversary”. Two years on, it is clear that, when the international community works together to meet a shared threat, progress is possible. We remain confident that if this momentum is sustained, a world where fewer nations possess these ultimate tools of destruction is within our grasp.



The writer is national security adviser to President Barack Obama.






Article 2.

World Affairs

Yes, Nukes: The Global Zero Utopia

Richard Perle



March/April 2011 -- There are many specters haunting our world, but one is of our own making—the utopian vision of a world free of nuclear weapons, the dream that has come to be called “global zero.”
The vision of the total elimination of nuclear weapons is a postmodern version of an old idea, popular early in the twentieth century, when Norman Angell’s The Great Illusion (reprinted in 1933) was required reading in intellectual and policy circles in the United States and Europe. Seventy-six years before Barack Obama was honored in Oslo, Norman Angell also won the Nobel Prize, having come to prominence with the argument that global economic interdependence rendered war futile and unprofitable and therefore obsolete.

In the wake of the Bush administration, what lies in store for the future of America's presence abroad?

Angell’s theory expressed the war-weary and wishful temper of the time. Enthusiasm for achieving peace through international institutions and legal constructs ran high in the period after the disastrous First World War, its most fulsome expression being the Kellogg-Briand Pact, named for its authors, an American secretary of state and a French foreign minister. Ratified by parliaments around the world (and by the US Senate on an 85–1 vote, with only Wisconsin Republican John J. Blaine voting against), the pact sought to deal with the problem of international aggression by simply outlawing war. Less than two years after the pact entered into force in 1929, one of the signatories, Japan, invaded Manchuria. The world “community”—that is, the rest of the treaty parties—did nothing. Other signatories followed suit: Italy invaded Abyssinia in 1935 and Germany launched World War II with the invasion of Poland in 1939.
The great powers that signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact understood its utopian character, but they affirmed it anyway. As with any public endorsement that embraces virtue and rejects vice, the pact appeared to offer little to lose. What did it matter if there was no reasonable assumption that all parties would act in good faith, and no mechanism for enforcement? What harm could come from a lofty ideal formalized with fanfare and champagne in Paris? Realists among its supporters argued that even if prohibiting war couldn’t actually end aggression, it would at least bolster the principle that disputes should be resolved peacefully. Outlawing war made good people feel better; how could that be bad?
But, looking back, we can see that the illusion created by Kellogg-Briand, that war had been outlawed, together with widespread but unjustified faith in the League of Nations, was part of the negligence that allowed Hitler to build his strength and seize vast territories from his neighbors without serious opposition. The Kellogg-Briand frame of mind contributed to the responsibility-evading defense and foreign policies of Britain, France, and others in the 1930s, countries that might have stopped Adolf Hitler in his tracks if they had not been so wishful and unrealistic. Far from making the world safer, proclaiming the “norm” of nonaggression had lulled the great powers into a lethal vulnerability. The lesson here is that nations, by indulging utopianism, do not necessarily make the world more idealistic. In fact, they may help bring about the very evils they are trying to eliminate.
Asserting that the world should forsake nuclear weapons sounds—and is—a lot like declaring that war should be illegal. And the arguments for adopting the goal of “global zero” are no more convincing now than the arguments in support of the Kellogg-Briand pact eighty-two years ago or those advanced at the General Disarmament Conference in Geneva that followed in 1932. When the discussions in Geneva bogged down after a year of talk, President Roosevelt insisted that “if all nations would agree to eliminate entirely from possession and use the weapons which make possible a successful attack, defenses automatically would become impregnable and the frontiers and independence of every nation would become secure.” Therefore, he said, the ultimate objective of the conference must be “complete elimination of all offensive weapons.”
So what is today’s argument for the complete elimination of all nuclear weapons, a goal President Obama embraced to wild applause in Prague in 2009? The statement that launched “global zero” appeared in the Wall Street Journal on January 4, 2007, under the title “A World Free of Nuclear Weapons.” Signed by George Shultz, Henry Kissinger, William Perry, Sam Nunn, and others, it was the product of a conference at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University in October of the previous year. It is a tribute to the reputation and high standing of the authors that their statement has been endorsed by many statesmen and policy officials who regard themselves as realists, as well as precipitating a worldwide campaign supporting the concept, if not the details, of a nuclear-free world. [1]  The article has been followed by further statements from them and others, as well as movies, media appearances, press conferences, congressional and presidential speeches, international conferences, demonstrations, and the like. “Global zero” organizations have been established on many university campuses in the US and abroad, and tens of millions of dollars have flowed into research institutions and advocacy groups in support of the idea of the total elimination of nuclear weapons. With T-shirts, bumper stickers, and celebrity endorsements, it’s a full-blown happening.

In addition to “setting the goal of a world free of nuclear weapons,” the 2007 statement argued for a number of practical measures to diminish the likelihood that nuclear weapons would fall into “dangerous hands,” or that they would be launched by accident, or that countries interested in, but not now possessing, such weapons would succeed in acquiring them. A number of these measures are doable and desirable, but some are dubious. Altering the posture of nuclear weapons now deployed so that they need not be launched urgently, thereby increasing warning time and diminishing the danger of an accidental or unauthorized launch, would be a useful thing to do—although there is room for debate about how best to accomplish this. The end of the Cold War should have brought an end to deterrent forces poised for instantaneous launch (which in the extreme case could mean launching missiles on the strength of radar warnings) but, unfortunately and dangerously, old habits die hard.
Reducing or eliminating the number of short-range nuclear weapons that are designed to be forward deployed would also be useful, since these are the small, highly mobile weapons that could fall into the wrong hands far more readily than large, central strategic systems that are carefully controlled. Most of the short-range weapons deployed today are Russian, however, and the Russians have resisted American proposals to adopt limits on their number. (Given Russia’s strong interest in limiting strategic weapons, it is difficult to understand why the Obama administration did not insist on some limits on short-range nuclear weapons as a condition for the New START Treaty. Unused leverage is a squandered opportunity.)
“Providing the highest possible standards of security for all stocks of weapons, weapons-useable plutonium and highly enriched uranium everywhere in the world,” another of the 2007 statement’s recommendations, is an obvious thing to do. But there is an unacknowledged conflict between this goal and another of the authors’ recommendations—ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. That treaty could lock us in to weapons designs that are less safe and secure than others that might one day be developed, but whose development might necessitate testing. (The current administration’s ideological opposition to any innovation in the design of our increasingly obsolete weapons—with the result that we are not, for example, introducing technology to make them unusable, should they fall into unauthorized hands—is overly rigid and shortsighted. It is too bad that the authors of the statement didn’t make this point.)
Shultz, Kissinger, et al. correctly urge that international measures be taken to place control of the nuclear fuel cycle in safe hands. But accomplishing this task is complicated by the legacy of the “Atoms for Peace” concept dating back to the Eisenhower administration and enshrined in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Rich in unintended consequences, Atoms for Peace promised that nations pledging (i.e., merely pledging) not to acquire nuclear weapons would be eligible to receive assistance with their civilian nuclear programs from the advanced nuclear powers. The problem is that the infrastructure supporting civilian nuclear power gets you well down the road to nuclear weapons. In fact, from its inception, Atoms for Peace has spread nuclear technology around the world. India’s nuclear program, for example, grew from its cooperation with Canada, which supplied the reactor that enabled India’s bomb.
The NPT has become the poster child for opposition to the spread of nuclear weapons. Yet, ironically, faith in its capacity actually to restrain the proliferation of nuclear weapons is at least misplaced—and possibly much worse. For one thing, the belief that the NPT is robust enough, and its institutions effective enough, can easily become an excuse for individual nations to do no more than the treaty process requires—and that, in turn, depends on a consensus at the UN. For another, the NPT incorporates the utopian vision of global zero and even sails beyond it, calling for “general and complete disarmament that liquidates, in particular, nuclear weapons.” Since almost no governments anywhere in the world actually believe in “general and complete disarmament,” the effect of its inclusion in the NPT simply robs that treaty of any gravity.
It is widely accepted among those who think the Non-Proliferation Treaty is the key to containing the spread of nuclear weapons that control of the international fuel cycle must be achieved by an international consensus and administered and enforced by the UN or comparable body. But suppose a much smaller group of nations—a coalition of the willing, perhaps—sought to control the nuclear fuel cycle, or at least deal with would-be proliferators in a firm, timely and decisive manner: Could such a coalition achieve legitimacy in light of the universalist conceit of the NPT? Would it even contemplate action outside the treaty?
But what made the 2007 Wall Street Journal article so important was not its prescription for obviously necessary measures such as ensuring controls for nuclear fuel. It was that its appearance reinforced a growing utopianism that has flowered into a movement for “a world free of nuclear weapons,” a movement whose momentum is reminiscent of the 1980s movement for a “nuclear freeze”—a Soviet-manipulated protest aimed at halting Ronald Reagan’s modernization of the American nuclear deterrent. Shultz, Kissinger, Perry, and Nunn should have foreseen that their statement would be seized upon by irresponsible actors. All four, after all, opposed the nuclear freeze movement of the 1980s.
The goal of a nuclear-free world was made even more emphatic in a second article, also in the Wall Street Journal, that the authors wrote a year after the first one (January 15, 2008): “Progress must be facilitated,” they said, “by a clear statement of our ultimate goal. Indeed, this is the only way to build the kind of international trust and broad cooperation that will be required to effectively address today’s threats. Without the vision of moving toward zero, we will not find the essential cooperation required to stop our downward spiral.”
The “downward spiral” has little to do with the nuclear strategic relationship between the United States and Russia, although the authors have, in both statements, called for ratification of the New START Treaty. In fact, that relationship has declined in importance to the point where it makes little difference whether the Russians have more nuclear weapons or fewer than they have now. The calculations of the consequences of a nuclear exchange between the United States and Russia, a proper obsession during the Cold War, are no longer relevant and, despite President Obama’s overblown claims, the New START Treaty is of no substantial benefit.
What the “downward spiral” refers to is the world’s descent into the dangerous disorder of a fast-growing number of nuclear-armed states—North Korea already, with Iran and others to follow. It is the bloody prospect of nuclear weapons in the hands of irresponsible regimes, or even terrorists, that has galvanized Shultz, Kissinger, Perry, and Nunn, and which urges the development of a post–Cold War nuclear weapons strategy.
In other words, the utopian vision of a world without nuclear weapons is driven principally by the fear of nuclear proliferation. The fear of many more nuclear weapon states is the key matter of concern for serious people, not cutting or fine-balancing—Cold War style—the US and Russian nuclear arsenals. The case for global zero hinges on whether embracing that goal contributes to halting the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
I  worry that the commitment to global zero, and the actions of existing nuclear states to advance toward that goal, will do more to spread than contain nuclear weapons—directly, by encouraging some current non-nuclear states to consider developing nuclear weapons, and indirectly, by displacing and undermining other more effective strategies. At the heart of the case for global zero is an argument—that reductions (on the way to zero) in our nuclear force will lead others to reduce theirs or curtail or abandon plans to acquire them altogether—that ignores history, logic, and politics.
One important reason why most friends and allies of the United States (Britain and France being the exceptions) have not sought nuclear weapons of their own has been our readiness to extend the protection of our nuclear deterrent to cover them. Germany, Japan, and South Korea, all quite capable of building nuclear weapons, went through even the precarious periods of the Cold War confident that our nuclear force made it unnecessary for them to have nuclear forces of their own. Where the United States was unwilling or unable to offer protection to countries that believed themselves threatened—India and Pakistan, for example—those countries did build independent nuclear capabilities. If the United States is seen to be heading toward eliminating its nuclear capabilities, countries that have relied on us may decide that they must acquire their own nuclear weapons. This is especially true in a region where another state, like Iran, is pursuing nuclear weapons and is likely to obtain them, thus alarming and frightening its neighbors into an arms race they would rather avoid. The sad history of the nuclearization of the Indian subcontinent, for instance, appears to have begun with India responding to China’s nuclearization, followed by Pakistan responding to India’s. If the United States is seen to be on a path to relinquishing nuclear weapons, is it reasonable to expect the Japanese and the South Koreans, long sheltered by our deterrent, to remain indifferent to the nuclear forces of China and North Korea?
Far more worrying, however, than the effect on friends and allies of the utopian excursion toward global zero is the effect of such thinking on such dangerous adversaries as Iran and North Korea. Is there any reason to believe that our embrace of that goal will discourage them from the vigorous pursuit of nuclear weapons? What could be more encouraging to Iran than the idea that they will be getting into the nuclear business just as we are getting out? Imagine Iran’s supreme council meeting to discuss whether to continue the costly pursuit of nuclear weapons. “But what is the point of building these weapons?” asks a skeptical mullah. “We will have one or two and the Americans have thousands.” Another replies: “Yes, but the Americans have declared their intention to eliminate nuclear weapons entirely. They say they have already started down that road. Shultz, Kissinger, Perry, Nunn, and even Obama himself are committed. Obama said: ‘We have to insist, yes, we can.’ Did you see them cheering in Prague? And when they have started getting rid of theirs, our small arsenal will not seem so puny.”
Of course, proponents of global zero will say that we would never give up our last nuclear weapons if the Iranians (by that point having long ago acquired and stockpiled them) did not do the same. This argument comes close to saying the goal of global zero is a mere mirage, which leaves one wondering what benefits can be claimed for chasing it or pretending to believe it is real. International politics is played out in near real time, and the influence of future events, like future earnings, is deeply discounted by prudent officials. But one important point remains: as our nuclear capabilities dwindle, the value of even a few nuclear weapons rises (toward the end of these parallel processes, exponentially). This puts a burden on trust and verification that they simply cannot bear. I was once told by the prime minister of an important country in Europe that it was all but impossible to imagine the day when their last nuclear weapon would be handed over to some future international body, or destroyed. “I would certainly cheat,” the prime minister said. “And so would all the others.” I was in no way surprised by this admission.
I  agree that the problem of nuclear proliferation is real. Dealing with it is an urgent and enormously important duty of the US government. But it is a mistake to define the problem in such a way as to suggest that any spread of nuclear weapons is dangerous or that nuclear weapons in Iranian hands should be regarded as the same as nuclear weapons in the hands of, say, Japan or Australia—or, for that matter, that the weapons themselves are the problem. Yet the proponents of global zero tend to deplore all nuclear weapons equally, no matter who holds them, and to regard any diminution of their number as a positive step because only subtraction leads to zero. But would a reduction in the number of North Korean weapons together with an increase in, say, those held by the French, yielding a net increase in the number of weapons, be a bad thing? The problem is not the weapons but the character of the regimes that possess them.
In many ways such a principle simplifies the proliferation problem and makes it less daunting. Focus on the miscreants, on the few countries seeking nuclear weapons whose possession of them would be dangerous or destabilizing or both. Sanction them. Isolate them. Undermine their regimes. Pressure them mercilessly. Do whatever it takes. But don’t offer to aid their “peaceful” nuclear programs in exchange for promises about weaponization that are so easily broken. And don’t let them get away with the insulting notion that until we ourselves disarm we have no right to demand that they halt their clandestine programs—as if the US nuclear arsenal poses the same danger to international peace and security as do the nuclear arsenals of the regimes of Kim Jong-il or the Iranian clerics.
The goal of zero nuclear weapons, often referred to by its sponsors as a “moral imperative,” inevitably delegitimizes and undermines support for those who have actually helped to keep the peace and have the potential to go on doing so. The opprobrium attached to ignoring or dismissing the goal of global zero has no influence on the Irans and North Koreas, but it does have an influence on us. It makes it easy, for example, for reflexively anti-nuclear voices in the Congress and the Obama administration (some have migrated from the former to the latter) to oppose even modest updating of our nuclear weapons and to make technical improvements taboo. Thoughtful proponents of global zero should admit that this is dangerous nonsense. They should, at a minimum, campaign with equal vigor for the modernization of our existing, shrinking nuclear arsenal.
Unfortunately, fixing on zero as the urgent issue before us obscures the real challenge: keeping nuclear weapons out of the hands of countries or organizations that might use them offensively. Seen from this viewpoint, the two most decisive acts against the proliferation of nuclear weapons were the Israeli attacks on Iraq’s weapons program in 1981 and Syria’s in 2008. The 1981 attack was widely, if hypocritically, condemned. The destruction of the Syrian facility was downplayed on all sides; and while the US had opposed it, it had the good sense to keep quiet after the fact.
There is much that we can do to slow the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Tougher sanctions against the Iranian regime, especially if they produced nationwide shortages of fuel for automobiles and made it more difficult to obtain outside technology, money, and expertise, would be a good place to start. How about sanctions to be applied to any individual who assists nuclear proliferators? Or serious sanctions against companies—and their executives—who provide material support? The more effective they became, the louder the message to others who might be tempted to seek weapons of their own. Why did the “international community,” which passes endless motions against nuclear weapons, fail to follow up the destruction of the Syrian-North Korean clandestine weapons program with tough, punitive sanctions against Syria and North Korea? Their having been caught in flagrante delicto should trigger consequences beyond just the destruction of the clandestine facility.
Supporters of global zero sometimes argue that because we support it, other countries will be readier to help us confront Iran and North Korea. The idea seems to be that our support for eliminating all nuclear weapons makes it easier for, say, our European and Pacific allies to align themselves with robust anti-proliferation policies. The argument would be interesting if there were evidence to support it—but there is none. And there has been all too little backing for robust anti-proliferation policies anyway. There has been no observable difference in the readiness of other countries to pressure Iran or North Korea since Obama, who supports global zero, became president, compared to the help we got when George W. Bush, who did not support global zero, was in office.
Tough, effective measures to slow the spread of nuclear weapons are required—not utopian, solipsistic notions about how American disarmament is the key to world peace. It isn’t. And the sooner we reject measures that won’t work, the sooner we may find ones that do.



Richard Perle is a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. He served as assistant secretary of defense for international security policy from 1981 to 1987 and afterward as a member of the Defense Policy Board, including three years as chairman.



[1] I believe the high regard in which Shultz, Kissinger, Perry, and Nunn are held is well deserved. In their long and extraordinary careers, they have each made important contributions to American and international security. We are all in their debt.


Article 3.

The Daily Star

Turkey’s model may be a slippery slope

Soner Cagaptay



April 18, 2011 -- The so-called “Turkish model,” in which an Islamist party heads an ostensible democracy, has been touted in recent weeks as the likely outcome in post-authoritarian Arab countries.

Likely, maybe, but Turkey’s experience under the ruling Justice and Development Party, or AKP, suggests that such a path may also be a slippery slope. 

The AKP does not aim to create a fundamentalist state in Turkey, but the ruling party’s conservative policies might inadvertently lead to precisely that. For several years the AKP has been transforming Turkish society by making religion the moral compass of the country’s body politic. This does not mean that the party wants to turn Turkey into a theocracy. But once narrowly defined faith becomes a guiding principle in formulating policy, fundamentalists claiming ideological purity become more competitive politically. Their demands for an even stricter implementation of religion-based rules and values risk pushing Turkish society toward radicalization.

History teaches us that fundamentalists always defeat conservatives in any competition for ideological purity. In the 11th century, the religiously conservative Almoravid movement swept the Muslim kingdom of Andalusia in reaction to its liberal ways, especially its embrace of progressive thought and acceptance of non-Muslims. Upon taking over Andalusia, the Almoravids enshrined their illiberal interpretation of Islam as the moral compass of society. 

But the Almoravids’ brand of conservatism was soon viewed as too lax by Muslims who were even more fundamentalist. The Almohads emerged to protest what they considered the Almoravids’ “tolerance.” Their takeover of Andalusia radicalized the society, leading to the persecution of non-Muslims and to religious warfare. 

Turkey’s Islamization under the AKP threatens to follow a similar, if more gradual, trajectory. The AKP’s embrace of religious values is not the biggest problem of Turkish secularists. Rather, the larger threat is that, now that the AKP has pushed religion more to the center of Turkish social preoccupations, fundamentalists will gain carte blanche to challenge the AKP as “not Muslim enough.” 

Indeed, last November the AKP was moved to fire Ali Bardakoglu, the liberal head of Diyanet, Turkey’s official religious authority that has historically checked fanaticism by building mosques and training imams while promoting a liberal understanding of Islam. The AKP replaced Bardakoglu with another well-known scholar, Mehmet Gormez, who has an avowedly more conservative take on Islam. 

The new Diyanet chief’s first act was to fire Ayse Sucu, who headed the organization’s women’s branch. Sucu’s initiatives had included suggesting that women should be able to decide for themselves whether to cover their hair. Fundamentalist media and pundits were ecstatic at her ousting, claiming that it signaled that there was no room for a personal interpretation of Islam.

The AKP has promoted socially conservative values, such as the need for women to wear the Islamic headscarf and a disdain for alcohol. Turkish bureaucrats and businesspeople complain that embracing these practices to prove that one is a “good Muslim” has become a precondition for getting government promotions and contracts. 

Meanwhile, the AKP-run media watchdog recently scolded a television station for broadcasting a program about Suleiman the Magnificent that truthfully depicted the famously cosmopolitan Ottoman sultan drinking alcohol. The official warning followed an outcry led by AKP leaders and fundamentalists alike, who demanded that the show be banned. Radicals now have the upper hand in slowly ending Turkey’s centuries-old drinking culture. 

Or take the AKP’s new Kurdish policy. In an effort to expand its base among Kurds before parliamentary elections next June, the party has emphasized Islam as a common denominator between Kurds and Turks, in order to undermine the secular Kurdish nationalist party. The plan may well help the AKP win the elections. However, it will also invite competition from religious radicals, such as the Kurdish Hezbollah – a violent Sunni group not linked to the Lebanese Shiite group of the same name. Kurdish Hezbollah boasts a wide grassroots network in southeast Turkey.

Recently, Kurdish Hezbollah’s leadership, which had been imprisoned since a crackdown in the late 1990s, was released due to a legal loophole. The AKP’s emphasis on Islam may mean it helps replace the secular-nationalist Kurdish movement with a religious-nationalist one. Don’t be surprised if Kurdish Hezbollah begins suggesting that neither the AKP nor Diyanet are “Muslim enough” to represent Kurds. 

Turkey’s shift is bad news for the United States and Europe. The potential radicalization of the Turkish population is a pressing concern, given that Turkey recently eliminated visa restrictions for citizens of a number of Muslim countries – including Iran, Syria, Jordan and Libya. The move will facilitate cross-fertilization among radical groups in Turkey. Washington should start making contingency plans now to deal with radicals who will challenge the AKP’s cooperation with the United States, particularly in Afghanistan.

Turkey’s emboldened radicals will also take issue with Ankara’s European Union policy – as if Turkey’s EU accession plans did not already face enough obstacles. Given the large number of Turkish immigrants in Europe, the radicalization of the Turkish population, especially its Kurdish segment, will likely replicate itself in Europe. 

The AKP’s religious bent, disconcerting in itself, can easily spin out of control. The lesson of the AKP experience for the Arab world, particularly give that Muslim Brotherhood-led governments may take over in the region, is that religious orthodoxy is an ideological beauty contest in which the winner is always the ugly guy.



Soner Cagaptay is director of the Turkish Research Program at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where he is also a senior fellow. 
Article 4.

NYT

Al Qaeda Stirs Again

Juan C. Zarate



April 17, 2011 -- MANY in the West had taken comfort in Al Qaeda’s silence in the wake of the uprisings in the Muslim world this year, as secular, nonviolent protests, led by educated youth focused on redressing longstanding local grievances, showcased democracy’s promise and seemed to leave Al Qaeda behind. 

Indeed, the pristine spirit of the Arab Spring does represent an existential threat to Al Qaeda’s extremist ideology. But Al Qaeda’s leaders also know that this is a strategic moment. They are banking on the disillusionment that inevitably follows revolutions to reassert their prominence in the region. And now Al Qaeda is silent no more — and is taking the rhetorical offensive. 

In recent statements, Ayman al-Zawahri, Osama bin Laden’s second-in-command, and Qaeda surrogates have aligned themselves with the protesters in Libya, Egypt and elsewhere, while painting the West as an enemy of the Arab people. 

In North Africa, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb claimed that while protesters flooded the streets of Tunis and Cairo, it had been fighting in the mountains against the same enemies. Anwar al-Awlaki, a Yemeni-American cleric affiliated with Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, declared that in the wake of the revolutions, “our mujahedeen brothers ... will get a chance to breathe again after three decades of suffocation” and that “the great doors of opportunity would open up for the mujahedeen all over the world.” 

Mr. Zawahri has denounced democracy, arguing that toppling dictators is insufficient and that “justice, freedom, and independence” can be achieved only through “jihad and resistance until the Islamic regime rises.” 

The chaos and disappointment that follow revolutions will inevitably provide many opportunities for Al Qaeda to spread its influence. Demographic pressures, economic woes and corruption will continue to bedevil even the best-run governments in the region. Divisions will beset the protest movements, and vestiges of the old regimes may re-emerge. 

Al Qaeda and its allies don’t need to win the allegiance of every protester to exert their influence; they have a patient view of history. 

Although Washington must avoid tainting organic movements or being perceived as a central protagonist, the United States and its Western allies should not be shy about working with reformers and democrats to shape the region’s trajectory — and ensuring Al Qaeda’s irrelevance in the Sunni Arab world, the heart of its supposed constituency. 

In countries where autocrats have been toppled (as in Egypt and Tunisia), we must help shape the new political and social environment; in nondemocratic, allied states (like the region’s monarchies), we need to accelerate internal reform; and in repressive states (like Iran, Libya and Syria), we should challenge the legitimacy of autocratic regimes and openly assist dissidents and democrats. 

This is not about military intervention or the imposition of American-style democracy. It is about using American power and influence to support organic reform movements. 

The United States Agency for International Development and advocacy organizations can help civil society groups grow; human rights groups can organize and assist networks of dissidents; and Western women’s groups and trade unions could support their counterparts throughout the Middle East. Wealthy philanthropists and entrepreneurs who are part of the Middle Eastern diaspora could make investments and provide economic opportunities for the region’s youth, while technology companies interested in new markets could partner with anticorruption groups to aid political mobilization and increase government accountability and transparency. Hollywood and Bollywood writers and producers should lionize the democratic heroes who took to the streets to challenge the orthodoxy of fear. 

A focused campaign to shape the course of reform would align our values and interests with the aspirations of the protesters. More important, it would answer the challenge from Al Qaeda to define what happens next and reframe the tired narratives of the past. 

In 2005, Mr. Zawahri anticipated this battle for reform and noted that “demonstrations and speaking out in the streets” would not be sufficient to achieve freedom in the Muslim world. If we help the protesters succeed, it will not only serve long-term national security interests but also mark the beginning of the end of Al Qaeda. 



Juan C. Zarate, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, was the deputy national security adviser for combating terrorism from 2005 to 2009.






 


Article 5.

Wall Street Journal

It's in America's Interest to Stay in Iraq 

Max Boot



April 18, 2011 -- Secretary of Defense Bob Gates was in Iraq early this month urging Iraqi leaders to decide whether they want U.S. forces to stay beyond Dec. 31. ""If there is to be a presence, to help with some of the areas where [the Iraqis] still need help,"" he said, ""we're open to that possibility. But they have to ask.""

This is a small, belated, but welcome step in the right direction. Until now the Obama administration has taken a hands-off attitude in Iraq, giving every indication that it would be fine with a complete pullout of the 50,000 U.S. troops currently in the country. This would presumably allow the president to make good on his 2008 campaign pledge to ""end the war""--although U.S. troops aren't engaged in much of a war at the moment.

They are primarily involved in training, assisting and advising Iraqi forces, conducting counterterrorism missions, and serving as a buffer force to reassure all sides in Iraq's fractious politics that their opponents will not resort to force to achieve their ends. The reassurance provided by U.S. forces is important, given that violence continues to be perpetrated by Sunni and Shiite extremist groups, including al Qaeda in Iraq, whose premature obituary has been written more than once.

U.S. forces play a particularly important role as a peacekeeper between the Kurdish peshmerga militia and the Iraqi Security Forces along the ill-defined frontier (the ""Green Line"") between Iraq proper and the Kurdish Regional Government. On a visit to Iraq last month, I encountered the umpteenth crisis between the Kurds and Arabs. The peshmerga had come down south of the Green Line to surround the disputed city of Kirkuk. The Iraqi army was moving troops to the area. Shooting could have broken out were it not for the presence of the U.S. army in the middle.

Peshmerga leaders won't talk directly to their Iraqi counterparts--they need a trusted third party in the room. What will happen next year if another such crisis erupts when U.S. troops are gone?

The U.S. Embassy has an ambitious plan to deploy some 1,000 diplomats backed by 16,000 contractors to maintain a presence there and at several consulates around the country. But even if they pull this off--a feat of logistics that would be unprecedented for the State Department--there will be no replacement for the peacekeeping function that is performed by our troops.

Contractors may be successful in training Iraqi forces but I have my doubts about whether they will be up to the magnitude of the task. Iraq has no fighter aircraft and no air-control system. It has only some 70 tanks and no artillery. Its army has almost no experience in combined-arms warfare, having devoted the last eight years, for understandable reasons, to counterinsurgency operations.

In other words, Iraq is almost defenseless. That makes it easy prey for Iran, its historic rival. This doesn't mean that an Iranian invasion is likely. Yet Iranian bullying and influence-peddling is going on all the time, and if Iraq can't defend its borders, Tehran will have an extra element of coercive leverage.

Under these circumstances, leaving Iraq entirely would be an act of folly. We are still in Kosovo, South Korea and other post-conflict zones that are far more stable. We need to be in Iraq too.

We don't need to keep 50,000 troops there, but a continuing presence of 20,000 military personnel, as argued by military analysts Frederick and Kimberly Kagan, would seem to be the minimum necessary to ensure Iraq's continued progress. It would also make possible an Iraqi-American alliance that could become one of the linchpins of security in this strategically vital region. Having active bases in Iraq would allow us to project power and influence, counter the threat from both Iran and al Qaeda, and possibly even nudge the entire Middle East in a more pro-Western direction.

Before I arrived in Iraq, I had thought there might be behind-the-scenes negotiations going on to extend the Status of Forces Agreement to allow some troops to remain behind. But after spending several days talking with Iraqi and American officials, civilian and military, I came to the conclusion that no talks had started because each side was waiting for the other to go first. Mr. Gates has finally broken through the ""After you, Alphonse"" syndrome, but his intervention may be too little, too late.



Mr. Boot is a senior fellow in national security studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.


















Article 6.

NYT

France Flies, Germany Flops

Roger Cohen



April 16, 2011 -- I’ve always had a soft spot for Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the guy with the wrong name and the wrong background who took on the smug talkers with names like Dominique de Villepin and vanquished them. He was the outsider from the wrong schools who believed in energy and talent and had the audacity to smash the taboo that said a French politician can’t love America and prosper. 

Sarkozy was a doer. He thought François Mitterrand’s seductive phrase (in French at least) — “Il faut laisser le temps au temps” (You must let time take its course) — was baloney that left you with disasters like the Bosnian genocide. He thought work and reward should be linked, a Gallic heresy, and he worked hard. 

He hated the dependency culture of an overdeveloped French state, which entrenched rights and enfeebled responsibility. That he was elected president showed that France, deep in its soul, knew it had to escape the Mitterrand-Chirac rut with its glut of erudition and its glob of inaction. That was heartening. 

The sanctimonious attacks on him from the left oozed the paralyzing conservatism that had blinded France to change. The attacks on Sarkozy from a blue-blooded or petit-bourgeois right often betrayed the same quasiracist disdain evident in rightist attacks on President Obama. 

Yes, I liked Sarkozy — and still do. Then there was his rudeness; his taste for his rich friends’ yachts; his need for adulation that helped reduce a good newspaper, Le Figaro, to a fawning mouthpiece; his authoritarian itch from which gypsies most conspicuously suffered; his petulant impatience, his petty vanities and his peevish jealousies — what Nicole Bacharan, a social scientist, calls “the one-man soap opera.” 

These were more than peccadilloes. But sharp elbows were needed to shift France from sleepwalk mode. 

Only in recent weeks has the distance traveled come into focus: France, reintegrated in 2009 into the command structure of NATO, spearheading the United Nations-backed NATO military operation in Libya; providing armed muscle to the U.N. forces in Ivory Coast; and giving its pacifist-trending ally Germany a lesson in 21st-century Atlanticism. 

Adenauer and de Gaulle must be turning in their graves. Here was Germany standing wobbly with Brazil, Russia, India and China — and against its closest allies, France and the United States — in the U.N. vote on Libyan military action. And here was France providing America’s most vigorous NATO support. 

This was a dramatic inversion of postwar roles. It revealed the drift of a navel-gazing Germany unprepared to lead despite its power and impatient with Adenauer’s Western anchoring. It also demonstrated France’s break under Sarkozy from the posturing Gaullist notion of a French “counterweight” to America. These are seismic European shifts. 

In Benghazi, the capital of free Libya, when they see a NATO aircraft they say, “There goes another Sarkozy.” After the French shame of Rwanda, a genocide where Mitterrand let time do its fullest work, that’s something. 

Perhaps it’s only now with Sarkozy that another, deeper French shame is passing, one Mitterrand and Chirac knew: the “strange defeat” of 1940 with its paralyzing subsequent obfuscations. 

Certainly, a presidential election next year has not been unrelated to Sarkozy’s activism. Nor has a compensatory urge after France took the wrong side in Tunisia. But the president’s instinct to save Benghazi and to oust Ivory Coast’s usurper was right. 

Sarkozy has intuited three things. First, the democratization of the Arab world is the most important European strategic challenge of the decade. Second, it was time “to take the training wheels off,” in the words of Constanze Stelzenmüller of the German Marshall Fund, and have Europe rather than an overextended America lead in Libya. Third, the U.N. cannot always be an umbrella that folds when it rains. If its “responsibility to protect” means anything, it must be when an Arab tyrant promises to slaughter his people. 

We stand at a high point in French postwar diplomacy and a nadir in German. There were strong arguments on either side of a Libyan intervention, but with a massacre looming in Benghazi, Germany had to stand with its allies. Angela Merkel has proved herself more a maneuverer than a leader. Germany often conveys the sense that it now resents the agents of its postwar rehabilitation — the European Union and NATO. 

I don’t think Germany believes its future lies with the BRIC countries, as the U.N. Libya vote suggested. I do think Germany has entered a new era of ambivalence and nationalist calculation. 

That means several things. European integration is on hold, and as long it’s on hold the future of the euro is at risk. The German-French alliance will remain under strain. Obama should look to Sarkozy, not Merkel, for strategic support. 

A last thought. This restless French leader is at his best with his back to the wall. He’s shown that. The same quality means it would be foolish to count him out next year.

	


		
	






























1













"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015393.txt,"When my young daughter Holly came out to stay with me that
summer, she decided to join me on my silent day. We communicated with
handwritten notes. Holly wrote, Does /aughter count? Since we were
making up the rules as we went along, | answered, Yes, but no tickling.
Naturally she tried to make me laugh, but | held it in - and got a rush.

All the energy that normally gets dissipated into the air with
laughter seemed to surge through my body instead. | decided to stop
laughing altogether, just to see what would happen. The more | didn't
laugh, the more | found funny. And, paying closer attention to others, |
refined my appreciation of laughter as another whole language that could
often be more revealing than words. Sometimes | would get a twinge of
guilt if | nearly slipped and laughed, and | remembered what | had always
known, that children must be taught to be serious. When | mentioned my
laugh-fast to Dick Gregory, still on his food-fast, it didn't sound so far-
fetched to him.

That's two things people do out of insecurity,” he said. “Eating
and laughing.”

“Well, what would happen to us if everyone in our audiences
realized that?”

“Brother, we'd go out of business.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015393
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022941.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/24/2017 11:04:43 PM 
To: Matthew Hiltzik 
Subject: Fwd: Fw: inquiry re: Giuffre v Maxwell settlement 
Attachments: image001.png 
Privileged - Redacted 
----------Forwarded message---------- 
From: Martin G. Weinberg 
Date: Wed, May 24, 2017 at 6:53 PM 
Subject: Fw: inquiry re: Giuffre v Maxwell settlement 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com, 
Privileged - Redacted 
From: Hill, James E.  
Sent: Wednesday, May 24, 2017 6:33 PM 
To 
Subject: inquiry re: Giuffre v Maxwell settlement 
Good afternoon, Marty: 
This is James Hill at ABC News. 
Do you have any statement you wish to share on behalf of Mr. Epstein regarding the settlement reached in 
the defamation suit filed by Virginia Giuffre v. Ghislaine Maxwell? 
I know from the court filings and hearing transcripts, that Mr. Epstein was deposed in this action, but was not 
expected to be called as a live trial witness. 
According to the transcripts - it was represented by plaintiff's counsel during pre-trial hearings, that Mr. 
Epstein invoked his 5th amendment rights and declined to answer substantive questions during the 
deposition. It also appears that Judge Sweet had not yet made a final determination as to whether Mr. 
Epstein's depo, or selected portions thereof, would be admitted at trial (which is obviously a moot point, 
now). 
If you believe any of that to be in error, and/or if you wish to provide a statement about the settlement or in 
response to Giuffre's allegations about your client, please give me a call or reply to this email. 
If you have no comment, I'd appreciate you letting me know that. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022941 
Thanks 
James 
James Hill 
Sr. Producer 
ABC News 
190 N. State St. 
Chicago IL 60601 
(cell) 
(cell) 
(ofc) 
james.e.hill@abc.com 
©jameshillabc  
Virus-free. www.avast.com  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022942 
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017782.txt,"Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-8 Filed 04/16/19 Page 12 of 16

http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2003/03/jeffrey-epstein-200303

Epstein has denied he ever had any dealings with anyone from the insurance companies. But
Richard Allen says he recalls talking to Epstein at Hoffenberg’s direction and telling him it was
urgent they retrieve the missing bonds for a state examination. According to Allen, Epstein said,
“We'll get them back.” He had “kind of a flippant attitude,” says Allen. “They never came
back.”

Epstein, according to Hoffenberg, also came up with a scheme to manipulate the price of Emery
Freight stock in an attempt to minimize the losses that occurred when Hoffenberg’s bid went
wrong and the share price began to fall. This was alleged to have involved multiple clients’
accounts controlled by Epstein.

Eventually, in 1991, insurance regulators in Illinois sued Hoffenberg. He settled the case, and
Epstein, who was only a paid consultant, was never deposed or accused of any wrongdoing.
Barry Gross, the attorney who was handling the suit for the regulators, says of Epstein, “He was
very elusive.... It was hard to really track him down. There were a substantial number of checks
for significant dollars that were paid to him, I remember.... He was this character we never got a
handle on. Again we presumed that he was involved with the Pan Am and Emery run that
Hoffenberg made, but we never got a chance to depose him.”

“From the government’s discovery in the main sentencing against Hoffenberg it would seem the
government was perhaps a bit lazy,” says David Lewis, who represented Mitchell Brater. “They
went for what they knew they could get ... and that was the fraudulent promissory notes [i.e., the
much larger and unrelated part of Hoffenberg’s fraud, based in New York State].... What they
couldn’t get, they didn’t bother with.”

Another lawyer involved in the criminal prosecution of Hoffenberg says, “In a criminal
investigation like that, when there is a guilty plea, to be quick and dirty about it, discovery is
always incomplete.... They don’t have to line up witnesses; they don’t have to learn every fact
that might come out on cross-examination.”

Epstein was involved with Hoffenberg in other questionable transactions. Financial records show
that in 1988 Epstein invested $1.6 million in Riddell Sports Inc., a company that manufactures
football helmets. Among his co-investors were the theater mogul Robert Nederlander and
attorney Leonard Toboroff. A source close to this transaction claims that Epstein told
Nederlander and Toboroff that he had raised his share of the money from a Swiss banker, whose
identity they could not be allowed to know. But Hoffenberg has claimed the money came from
him, and Towers’s financial statements for that year show a loan to Epstein of $400,000.
(Epstein has said he can’t remember the details and has disputed the accuracy of the Towers
financial reports.)

Around the same time, Nederlander and Toboroff let Epstein come in with them on a scheme to
make money out of Pennwalt, a Pennsylvania chemical company. The plan was to group together
with two other parties to take a substantial declared position in the stock. According to a source,
Epstein was supposed to help Nederlander and Toboroff raise $15 million. He seemed to fail to
find other investors, say those familiar with the deal. (Epstein has said he was merely an
investor.) He invested $1 million, which he told his co-investors was his own money. But in his

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017782
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014933.txt,"In addition, the y/y change in commissions expense disclosed in company filings
continued a downward trend to negative territory. Over the course of 2016, the number
has gone from +$5.7mn in 1Q16, to +$2.4mn in 2Q16, to +$1.4mn in 3Q16, to down
$1.7mn in 4Q16.

We also consider comScore mobile data, which indicated that US monthly active users
were up 2% y/y (2-months data) while desktop monthly active users were down 14%
y/y. This reflects a moderate deceleration in mobile from 4Q (+4%) and slightly lower
declines in desktop (4Q at -16%). Total QTD US minutes are down 6% y/y for mobile (vs
+4% in 4Q), though App minutes were flat, and desktop was up 6% y/y (vs +1% in 4Q).
The somewhat weaker mobile minutes trend is notable, particularly the lack of growth in

Estimates vs Consensus

Our revenue and EBITDA estimates are slightly above consensus for both 1Q17 and
2Q17, as well as for 2017 and 2018. We expect local ad revenue to grow 28% y/y in 1Q
(vs 36% in 4Q) and transaction revenue to grow 17.5% (vs 19% in 4Q). Our 2017
estimates are near the high end of management’s 2017 outlook, and we would expect
any upside potential to likely surface in the latter half of the year.

Table 31: Yelp Estimate Summary

1Q17 2017 2017 2018
Revenue
BofAML est. $201 $218 $895 $1,082
Growth Y/Y% 26% 26% 26% 21%
Street $198 $215 $889 $1,068
BofAML vs. Street Above Above Above Above
EBITDA
BofAML est. $31 $40 $166 $221
Street $27 $37 $161 $217
BofAML vs. Street Above Above Above Above
EPS
BofAML est. $0.18 $0.24 $0.99 $1.28
Street $0.16 $0.25 $1.04 $1.45
BofAML vs. Street Above Below Below Below

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg, as of 4/4/2017

We are more constructive on the stock given more negative sentiment and recent sell-
off, but maintain our Neutral rating given the decelerating sales leading indicator
metrics and tougher revenue comps. Our $43 price objective is based on 14x 2018E
EV/EBITDA, slightly above online media comps, which we believe is warranted given the
higher margin potential in the model. We believe our multiple balances premium growth
vs peers with medium-term concerns on competition and limited GAAP profitability. We
believe the slight premium valuation is sustainable if the company can continue to
deliver 20%+ y/y topline growth, which would be above the advertising industry.

Bankof America

Merrill Lynch Internet/e-Commerce | 06 April2017 47

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014933
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025790.txt,"From: Tonja Haddad Coleman 
Sent: 1/29/2015 8:33:35 PM 
To: Darren Indyke 
; jeeyacation@gmail.com; Jack Goldberger < 
Subject: FW: National Enquirer Comment Request Re: Jeffrey Epstein 
Importance: High 
Tonja Haddad Coleman, Esq. 
TONJA HADDAD, P.A. 
Advocate Building 
315 SE 7th Street 
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 
This e-mail contains PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL information intended only for use of the addressee(s) named above. If you are not the intended recipient of this 
e-mail, or an authorized employee or agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination or copying of this e-
mail is strictly prohibited. If you have received this e-mail in error, please notify us by reply e-mail and delete this e-mail from your records. Thank you for your 
cooperation. 
From: Gonzalez, Patricia [_________________________________________________ 
Sent: Thursday, January 29, 2015 3:29 PM 
To: Tonja Haddad Coleman 
Cc: Cartwright, Lachlan 
Subject: National Enquirer Comment Request Re: Jeffrey Epstein 
Importance: High 
Tonja--
The National ENQUIRER is preparing to publish a story that Bill Clinton used a private ""orgy"" jet to travel to 
Brunei for an extraordinary dinner with a royal accused of duping American women into ""white slavery."" 
The ENQUIRER will report that Bill was accompanied by the 727's owner, billionaire pedophile Jeffrey Epstein, 
when he landed in the tiny South-East Asian country on May 25, 2002. His entourage also included two 
women who allegedly worked as ""madams"" for Epstein, luring teenaged girls into sex trysts with the tycoon 
and his powerful and famous friends. 
According to The ENQUIRER's investigation, Bill spent the day playing golf at a seven-star hotel -- and then was 
invited to dine with Brunei's sultan, Hassanal Bolkiah .....who was charged with holding a deeply-religious 
Christian beauty queen as a ""human chattel."" Far from being embarrassed by the ruler's tawdry 
reputation, moreover, records for Bill's nonprofit foundation reveal that Brunei made a donation towards his 
Clinton Presidential Library that year of between $1. million and $5 million. 
Please kindly attempt to provide any comment by 4 pm ET tomorrow, Friday January 30th to Lachlan 
Cartwright, Executive Editor, at [Office] or 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025790 
Thank You, 
Patricia Gonzalez 
The National Enquirer 
Officel 
E-mail: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025791 
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032054.txt,"From: Weingarten, Reid 
Sent: 2/16/2017 11:51:27 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: RE: Re: 
Would be conflicted out of everything to come 
From: Jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: Thursday, February 16, 2017 3:36 PM 
To: Weingarten, Reid 
Subject: Re: 
Yes 
On Thu, Feb 16, 2017 at 3:17 PM Weingarten, Reid ____________________________ wrote: 
I know...I just saw that and almost threw up....also have to decide today whether or not to take flynn 
From: Jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: Thursday, February 16, 2017 3:14 PM 
To: Weingarten, Reid 
Subject: 
http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/alexander-acosta-trump-jeffrey-epstein-plea-235096 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032054 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032055 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018946.txt,"To: Miami From:
Re: 31E-MM-108062, 10/17/2006

b3

the subpoena, she would be required to appear at the United
States District Courthouse located at 701 Clematis Street, West
Palm Beach, Florida.

At this time, no further action will be taken by the
in this matter. Lead is covered.

+4

_J
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018946
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019480.txt,"| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_rt.zindd 2 ® 929N6 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019480
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011062.txt,"I confess that this book casts me as that little boy crashing the economic party, and
maybe the evolutionary biology one too, in trust that outsiders might have better
chances to spot the obvious unseen. What else was the pay rule? I derived it easily
from doctrines already accepted, I think, and anyhow hard to refute. Those were the
total return turism and Ben-Porath’s equation for human growth. The maximand
rule or deadweight loss rule would prove it as well. How could Becker have missed
that what holds for investment in job training by employers holds for any
investment by anyone in anything? How could students of the age-wage problem
have missed the obvious solution? Investment implies expected recovery with
interest, by the investor or a chosen donee, and recovery means recovery of
depreciation. I belabor this point because tradition dies hard, and naturally tends to
circle wagons under attack. I doubt that my surprise attack will meet the resistance
Darwin’s found. Darwin’s met resistance founded on faith. I took pains to show that
my version requires only selection for lineage survival, and that a benign Artificer

might ordain the same.

Evolutionary Biology and Hamilton's Rule

Economics, meaning any quantitative rationale of choice, normally describes
humans and human choice. That goes for this book too. But some treatments of
economics including this one are meant to fit other creatures as well. My axioms
have kept that in mind. The mortal and reproducing population need not be human.
Much of the animal kingdom, | think, shows convergent tastes and predictions or
acts as if it did. The biological imperative is meant to apply to all. All, as I see it, own
capital of both factors. Even protozoans own (“monopolize”) the nutrients they
assimilate and the space they occupy. Humans are exceptional in their cultural
accumulations of learning and technology shown in our secular (lasting) growth.

But I did not make those features axioms.

| argued that economics tended to reason explicitly or implicitly from the biological

imperative, meaning what | call “ends” in lineage survival, from Petty through Smith

Chapter 7 Petty’s Idea 2/3/16 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011062
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020201.txt,"49

Chronology2: The Snowden Thriller

The Intelligence World, 2006-2014

June2006-Feb 2007 CIA

Trainee, Langley, Virginia

March 2007- Feb 2009 CIA

Communications officer. Geneva, Switzerland

June 2009-Sept 2010 DELL/ NSA

Security instructor, Yokoda. Japan

October 2010- March-2012 DELL/ NSA

Computer platforms, Maryland—designing computer platforms

April 2012- March 2012 DELL/ NSA

System administrator, Oahu, Hawaii

M arch 2012— May 2013 BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON/ NSA
Infrastructure analyst, Oahu, Hawaii

October 2013— Present Unidentified Cyber Security Firm

Unknown position, Moscow, Russia

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020201
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018952.txt,"Re: 31E-MM-108062, 11/14/2006

LEAD (s) : b6
b7C

Set Lead 1: (Info)

2

FBI Miami request travel concurrence from FBI [
to conduct victim interview.

Set Lead 2: (Info)

—
7

FBI Miami request travel concurrence from Fer[

[to conduct victim interview.

+4

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018952
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020824.txt,"﻿www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
About USA Inc.
Created and Compiled by Mary Meeker
February 2011
This report looks at the federal government as if it were a business, with the goal of informing the
debate about our nation’s financial situation and outlook. In it, we examine USA Inc.’s income
statement and balance sheet. We aim to interpret the underlying data and facts and illustrate
patterns and trends in easy-to-understand ways. We analyze the drivers of federal revenue and
the history of expense growth, and we examine basic scenarios for how America might move
toward positive cash flow.
Thanks go out to Liang Wu and Fred Miller and former Morgan Stanley colleagues whose
contributions to this report were invaluable. In addition, Richard Ravitch, Emil Henry, Laura
Tyson, Al Gore, Meg Whitman, John Cogan, Peter Orszag and Chris Liddell provided inspiration
and insights as the report developed. It includes a 2-page foreword; a 12-page text summary;
and 460 PowerPoint slides containing data-rich observations. There’s a lot of material – think of
it as a book that happens to be a slide presentation.
We hope the slides in particular provide relevant context for the debate about America’s
financials. To kick-start the dialogue, we are making the entire slide portion of the report
available as a single work for non-commercial distribution (but not for excerpting, or modifying or
creating derivatives) under the Creative Commons license. The spirit of connectivity and sharing
has become the essence of the Internet, and we encourage interested parties to use the slides to
advance the discussion of America’s financial present and future. If you would like to add your
own data-driven observations, contribute your insights, improve or clarify ours, please contact us
to request permission and provide your suggestions. This document is only a starting point for
discussion; the information in it will benefit greatly from your thoughtful input.
This report is available online and on iPad at www.kpcb.com/usainc
In addition, print copies are available at www.amazon.com
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
ii
Foreword
George P. Shultz, Paul Volcker, Michael Bloomberg, Richard Ravitch and John Doerr
February 2011
Our country is in deep financial trouble. Federal, state and local governments are deep in debt
yet continue to spend beyond their means, seemingly unable to stop. Our current path is simply
unsustainable. What to do?
A lot of people have offered suggestions and proposed solutions. Few follow the four key
guideposts to success that we see for setting our country back on the right path:
1) create a deep and widely held perception of the reality of the problem and the stakes involved;
2) reassure citizens that there are practical solutions;
3) develop support in key constituencies; and
4) determine the right timing to deliver the solutions.
USA Inc. uses each of these guideposts, and more; it is full of ideas that can help us build a
better future for our children and our country.
First, Mary Meeker and her co-contributors describe America’s problems in an imaginative way
that should allow anyone to grasp them both intellectually and emotionally. By imagining the
federal government as a company, they provide a simple framework for understanding our
current situation. They show how deficits are piling up on our income statement as spending
outstrips income and how our liabilities far exceed nominal assets on our balance sheet. USA
Inc. also considers additional assets – hard to value physical assets and our intangible wealth –
our creativity and energy and our tradition of an open, competitive society.
Additionally, the report considers important trends, pointing specifically to an intolerable failure to
educate many in the K-12 grades, despite our knowledge of how to do so. And all these
important emotional arguments help drive a gut reaction to add to data provided to reinforce the
intellectual reasons we already have.
Second, USA Inc. provides a productive way to think about solving our challenges. Once we
have created an emotional and intellectual connection to the problem, we want people to act and
drive the solution, not to throw up their hands in frustration. The authors’ ingenious indirect
approach is to ask what a turnaround expert would do and what questions he or she would ask.
The report describes how we first stumbled into this mess, by failing to predict the magnitude of
program costs, by creating perverse incentives for excessive behavior, and by missing important
trends. By pointing to the impact of individual responsibility, USA Inc. gives us reason to believe
that a practical solution exists and can be realized.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
iii
Third, the report highlights how powerful bipartisan constituencies have emerged in the past to
tackle great issues for the betterment of our nation, including tax reform, civil liberties,
healthcare, education and national defense. Just as presidents of both parties rose to the
occasion to preside over the difficult process of containment during the half-century cold war, we
know we can still find leaders who are willing to step up and overcome political or philosophical
differences for a good cause, even in these difficult times.
Finally, the report makes an important contribution to the question of timing. Momentum will
follow once the process begins to gain support, and USA Inc. should help by stimulating broad
recognition and understanding of the challenges, by providing ways to think about solutions, and
by helping constituencies of action to emerge. As the old saying goes, “If not now, when? If not
us, who?”
With this pioneering report, we have a refreshing, business-minded approach to understanding
and addressing our nation’s future. Read on…you may be surprised by how much you learn. We
hope you will be motivated to help solve the problem!
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
iv
Table of Contents
About USA Inc. ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ii
Foreword ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ iii
Summary ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ vii
Introduction ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 5
High-Level Thoughts on Income Statement/Balance Sheet ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 25
Income Statement Drilldown ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 53
Entitlement Spending ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 72
Medicaid ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 94
Medicare ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 100
Unemployment Benefits ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 121
Social Security ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 129
Rising Debt Level and Interest Payments ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 142
Debt Level ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 145
Effective Interest Rates ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 161
Debt Composition ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 168
Periodic Large One-Time Charges ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 177
TARP ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 188
Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 193
ARRA ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 200
Balance Sheet Drilldown ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 209
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
v
What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 221
High-Level Thoughts on How to Turn Around USA Inc.’s Financial Outlook ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 237
Focus on Expenses ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 253
Reform Entitlement Programs ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 255
Restructure Social Security ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 256
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 268
Focus on Operating Efficiency ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 329
Review Wages & Benefits ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 335
Review Government Pension Plans ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 338
Review Role of Unions ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 342
Review Cost Structure & Headcount ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 345
Review Non-Core 'Business' for Out-Sourcing ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 349
Focus on Revenues ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 355
Drive Sustainable Economic Growth ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 356
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 366
Increase / Improve Employment ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 383
Improve Competitiveness ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 389
Consider Changing Tax Policies ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 395
Review Tax Rates ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 396
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures / Broaden Tax Base ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 400
Consequences of Inaction ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 413
Short-Term, Long-Term ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 415
Public Debt, Net Worth vs. Peers ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 416
Lessons Learned From Historical Debt Crisis ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 422
General Motors ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 431
Summary ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 437
Appendix ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 453
Glossary ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ xix
Index
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ xxvii
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
vi
Summary
Imagine for a moment that the United States government is a public corporation. Imagine
that its management structure, fiscal performance, and budget are all up for review. Now
imagine that you’re a shareholder in USA Inc. How do you feel about your investment?
Because 45% of us own shares in publicly traded companies, nearly half the country expects
quarterly updates on our investments. But although 100% of us are stakeholders in the United
States, very few of us look closely at Washington’s financials. If we were long-term investors,
how would we evaluate the federal government’s business model, strategic plans, and operating
efficiency? How would we react to its earnings reports? Nearly two-thirds of all American
households pay federal income taxes, but very few of us take the time to dig into the numbers of
the entity that, on average, collects 13% of our annual gross income (not counting another 15-
30% for payroll and various state and local taxes).
We believe it’s especially important to pay closer attention to one of our most important
investments.
As American citizens and taxpayers, we care about the future of our country. As investors, we’re
in an on-going search for data and insights that will help us make more informed investment
decisions. It’s easier to predict the future if one has a keen understanding of the past, but we
found ourselves struggling to find good information about America’s financials. So we decided to
assemble – in one place and in a user-friendly format – some of the best data about the world’s
biggest “business.” We also provide some historical context for how USA Inc.’s financial model
has evolved over decades. And, as investors, we look at trend lines which help us understand
the patterns (and often future directions) of key financial drivers like revenue and expenses.
The complexity of USA Inc.’s challenges is well known, and our presentation is just a starting
point; it’s far from perfect or complete. But we are convinced that citizens – and investors –
should understand the business of their government. Thomas Jefferson and Alexis de
Tocqueville knew that – armed with the right information – the enlightened citizenry of America
would make the right decisions. It is our humble hope that a transparent financial framework can
help inform future debates.
In the conviction that every citizen should understand the finances of USA Inc. and the plans of
its “management team,” we examine USA Inc.’s income statement and balance sheet and
present them in a basic, easy-to-use format. We summarize our thoughts in PowerPoint form and
in this brief text summary at www.kpcb.com/usainc. We encourage people to take our data and
thoughts and study them, critique them, augment them, share them, and make them better.
There’s a lot of material – think of it as a book that happens to be a slide presentation.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
vii
There are two caveats. First, we do not make policy recommendations. We try to help clarify
some of the issues in a straightforward, analytical way. We aim to present data, trends, and facts
about USA Inc.’s key revenue and expense drivers to provide context for how its financials have
reached their present state. Our observations come from publicly available information, and we
use the tools of basic financial analysis to interpret it. Forecasts generally come from 3rd-party
agencies like the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the nonpartisan federal agency charged
with reviewing the financial impact of legislation. Second, the ‘devil is in the details.’ For US
policy makers, the timing of material changes will be especially difficult, given the current
economic environment.
By the standards of any public corporation, USA Inc.’s financials are discouraging.
True, USA Inc. has many fundamental strengths. On an operating basis (excluding Medicare
and Medicaid spending and one-time charges), the federal government’s profit & loss statement
is solid, with a 4% median net margin over the last 15 years. But cash flow is deep in the red (by
almost $1.3 trillion last year, or -$11,000 per household), and USA Inc.’s net worth is negative
and deteriorating. That net worth figure includes the present value of unfunded entitlement
liabilities but not hard-to-value assets such as natural resources, the power to tax or mint
currency, or what Treasury calls “heritage” or “stewardship assets” like national parks.
Nevertheless, the trends are clear, and critical warning signs are evident in nearly every data
point we examine.
F2010 Cash Flow = -$1.3 Trillion; Net Worth = -$44 Trillion
With a Negative Trend Line Over Past 15 Years
USA Inc. Annual Cash Flow & Year-End Net Worth, F1996 – F2010
$400
$15,000
Annual Cash Flow ($Billion)
$0
-$400
-$800
-$1,200
One-Time Expenses*
Cash Flow (left axis)
$0
-$15,000
-$30,000
-$45,000
Year-End Net Worth ($Billion)
Net Worth (right axis)
-$1,600
-$60,000
F1996 F1998 F2000 F2002 F2004 F2006 F2008 F2010
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Cash flow = total revenue – total spending on a cash basis; net worth includes unfunded future liabilities from
Social Security and Medicare on an accrual basis over the next 75 years. *One-time expenses in F2008 include $14B payments to Freddie Mac; F2009
includes $279B net TARP payouts, $97B payment to Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac and $40B stimulus spending on discretionary items; F2010E includes $26B
net TARP income, $137B stimulus spending and $41B payment to Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac. F2010 net worth improved dramatically owing to revised
actuarial estimates for Medicare program resulted from the Healthcare reform legislation. For more definitions, see next slide. Source: cash flow per White
House Office of Management and Budget; net worth per Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S. Government.”
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Summary
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.
viii
Underfunded entitlements are among the most severe financial burdens USA Inc. faces.
And because some of the most underfunded programs are intended to help the nation’s
poorest, the electorate must understand the full dimensions of the challenges.
F2010 USA Inc. Revenues + Expenses At A Glance
Unfunded Entitlement (Medicare + Social Security) + Underfunded
Entitlement Expenditures (Medicaid) =
Among Largest Long-Term Liabilities on USA Inc.'s Balance Sheet
Corporate
Income Tax
$191B
F2010
Revenues =
$2.2T
Other
$208B
10%
9%
41%
Individual
Income Tax
$899B
Discretionary
One-Time Items
$152B
Non-Defense
Discretionary
$431B
F2010 USA Inc. Expenses =
$3.5T
12%
20%
Net Interest
Payment
$196B
6%
4%
20%
Entitlement
Programs
22%
Social
Security
$707B
All
Other
Federal
Employee
Benefits
$1.6T $2.1T
Veteran
Benefits
USA Balance Sheet Liabilities Composition, F2010
Federal
Debt
Unfunded
Social
Security
$3.7T $9.1T $7.9T
Unfunded
Medicare
$22.8T
Medicaid*
$35.3T
40%
Social
Insurance Tax
$865B
www.kpcb.com
Defense
$694B
16%
Medicare +
Federal
Medicaid
$724B
Unemployment Insurance
+ Other Entitlements
$553B
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; *individual & corporate income taxes include capital gains taxes. Nondefense
discretionary includes federal spending on education, infrastructure, law enforcement, judiciary functions…
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Summary
www.kpcb.com
Note: Medicaid funding is appropriated by Congress (from general tax revenue) on an as-needed basis every year, therefore,
there is no need to maintain a contingency reserve, and, unlike Medicare, the “financial status” of the program is not in question
from an actuarial perspective. Here we estimated the net present value of future Medicaid spending through 2085E, assuming a
3% discount rate. Data source: Dept. of Treasury, Dept. of Health & Human Services Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
USA Inc. | Summary
Some consider defense outlays – which have nearly doubled in the last decade, to 5% of GDP –
a principal cause of USA Inc.’s financial dilemma. But defense spending is still below its 7%
share of GDP from 1948 to 2000; it accounted for 20% of the budget in 2010, compared with
41% of all government spending between 1789 and 1930. The principal challenges lie
elsewhere. Since the Great Depression, USA Inc. has steadily added “business lines” and, with
the best of intentions, created various entitlement programs. They serve many of the nation’s
poorest, whose struggles have been made worse by the recent financial crisis. Apart from Social
Security and unemployment insurance, however, funding for these programs has been woefully
inadequate – and getting worse.
Entitlement expenses amount to $16,000 per household per year, and entitlement spending far
outstrips funding, by more than $1 trillion (or $9,000 per household) in 2010. More than 35% of
the US population receives entitlement dollars or is on the government payroll, up from ~20% in
1966. Given the high correlation of rising entitlement income with declining savings, do
Americans feel less compelled to save if they depend on the government for their future savings?
It is interesting to note that in China the household savings rate is ~36%, per our estimates
based on CEIC data, in part due to a higher degree of self-reliance – and far fewer established
pension plans. In the USA, the personal savings rate (defined as savings as percent of
disposable income) was 6% in 2010 and only 3% from 2000 to 2008.
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USA Inc.
ix
Millions of Americans have come to rely on Medicare and Medicaid – and spending has
skyrocketed, to 21% of USA Inc.’s total expenses (or $724B) in F2010, up from 5% forty
years ago.
Together, Medicaid and Medicare – the programs providing health insurance to low-income
households and the elderly, respectively – now account for 35% of total healthcare spending in
the USA. Since their creation in 1965, both programs have expanded markedly. Medicaid now
serves 16% of all Americans, compared with 2% at its inception; Medicare now serves 15% of
the population, up from 10% in 1966. As more Americans receive benefits and as healthcare
costs continue to outstrip GDP growth, total spending for the two entitlement programs is
accelerating. Over the last decade alone, Medicaid spending has doubled in real terms, with
total program costs running at $273 billion in F2010. Over the last 43 years, real Medicare
spending per beneficiary has risen 25 times, driving program costs well (10x) above original
projections. In fact, Medicare spending exceeded related revenues by $272 billion last year.
Amid the rancor about government’s role in healthcare spending, one fact is undeniable:
government spending on healthcare now consumes 8.2% of GDP, compared with just
1.3% fifty years ago.
Total Government* Healthcare Spending Increases are Staggering –
Up 7x as % of GDP Over Five Decades vs. Education Spending Only Up 0.6x
8%
USA Total Government Healthcare vs. Education Spending as % of GDP, 1960 – 2009
8.2%
Spending as % of GDP
6%
4%
2%
1.2%
Total Government (Federal + State + Local) Spending on Healthcare
Total Government (Federal + State + Local) Spending on Education
0%
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
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Note: *Total government spending on healthcare includes Medicare, Medicaid and other programs such as federal
employee and veteran health benefits; total government spending on education includes spending on pre-primary through
tertiary education programs. Source: Dept. of Education, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Summary
The overall healthcare funding mix in the US is skewed toward private health insurance due to
the predominance of employer-sponsored funding (which covers 157MM working Americans and
their families, or 58% of the total population in 2008 vs. 64% in 1999). This mixed private-public
funding scheme has resulted in implicit cross-subsidies, whereby healthcare providers push
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x
costs onto the private market to help subsidize lower payments from public programs. This
tends to help drive a cycle of higher private market costs causing higher insurance premiums,
leading to the slow erosion of private market coverage and a greater enrollment burden for
government programs.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, enacted in early 2010, includes the biggest
changes to healthcare since 1965 and will eventually expand health insurance coverage by
~10%, to 32 million new lives. Increased access likely means higher spending if healthcare
costs continue to grow 2 percentage points faster than per capita income (as they have over the
past 40 years). The CBO sees a potential $143B reduction in the deficit over the next 10 years,
but this assumes that growth in Medicare costs will slow – an assumption the CBO admits is
highly uncertain.
Unemployment Insurance and Social Security are adequately funded...for now. Their
future, unfortunately, isn’t so clear.
Unemployment Insurance is cyclical and, apart from the 2007-09 recession, generally operates
with a surplus. Payroll taxes kept Social Security mainly at break-even until 1975-81 when
expenses began to exceed revenue. Reforms that cut average benefits by 5%, raised tax rates
by 2.3%, and increased the full retirement age by 3% (to 67) restored the system’s stability for
the next 25 years, but the demographic outlook is poor for its pay-as-you-go funding structure. In
1950, 100 workers supported six beneficiaries; today, 100 workers support 33 beneficiaries.
Since Social Security began in 1935, American life expectancy has risen 26% (to 78), but the
“retirement age” for full benefits has increased only 3%.
Regardless of the emotional debate about entitlements, fiscal reality can’t be ignored – if
these programs aren’t reformed, one way or another, USA Inc.’s balance sheet will go
from bad to worse.
Federal Government Spending Had Risen to 24% of GDP in 2010,
Up From an Average of 3% From 1790 to 1930
Federal Government Spending as % of GDP, 1790 – 2010
40%
35%
Federal Spending as % of GDP
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
3% Trendline Average
1790-1930
24% in 2010
5%
0%
1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
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Source: Federal spending per Series Y 457-465 in ""Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Part II“ and per
White House OMB. GDP prior to 1930 per Louis Johnston and Samuel H. Williamson, ""What Was the U.S. GDP Then?""
MeasuringWorth, 2010. GDP post 1930 per White House OMB. Neither federal spending nor GDP data are adjusted for inflation.
USA Inc. | Summary
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USA Inc.
xi
Entitlement Spending Increased 11x
While Real GDP Grew 3x Over Past 45 Years
USA Real Federal Expenses, Entitlement Spending, Real GDP % Change, 1965 – 2010
% Change From 1965
1200%
1000%
800%
600%
400%
200%
Total Expenses
Entitlement Programs
Real GDP
Entitlement
Expenses
+10.6x
Total
Expenses
+3.3x
Real GDP
+2.7x
0%
1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
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Note: Data adjusted for inflation. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Summary
Take a step back, and imagine what the founding fathers would think if they saw how our
country’s finances have changed. From 1790 to 1930, government spending on average
accounted for just 3% of American GDP. Today, government spending absorbs closer to 24% of
GDP.
It’s likely that they would be even more surprised by the debt we have taken on to pay for this
expansion. As a percentage of GDP, the federal government’s public debt has doubled over the
last 30 years, to 53% of GDP. This figure does not include claims on future resources from
underfunded entitlements and potential liabilities from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the
Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs). If it did include these claims, gross federal debt
accounted for 94% of GDP in 2010. The public debt to GDP ratio is likely to triple to 146% over
the next 20 years, per CBO. The main reason is entitlement expense. Since 1970, these costs
have grown 5.5 times faster than GDP, while revenues have lagged, especially corporate tax
revenues. By 2037, cumulative deficits from Social Security could add another $11.6 trillion to
the public debt.
The problem gets worse. Even as USA Inc.’s debt has been rising for decades, plunging interest
rates have kept the cost of supporting it relatively steady. Last year’s interest bill would have
been 155% (or $290 billion) higher if rates had been at their 30-year average of 6% (vs. 2% in
2010). As debt levels rise and interest rates normalize, net interest payments could grow 20% or
more annually. Below-average debt maturities in recent years have also kept the Treasury’s
borrowing costs down, but this trend, too, will drive up interest payments once interest rates rise.
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xii
Can we afford to wait until the turning point comes? By 2025, entitlements plus net
interest payments will absorb all – yes, all – of USA Inc.'s revenue, per CBO.
Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments Alone Should
Exceed USA Inc. Total Revenue by 2025E, per CBO
Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments vs. Revenue as % of GDP, 1980 – 2050E
Total Revenue & Entitlement + Net Interest
Payments as % of GDP
40%
30%
20%
10%
Revenue
Entitlement Spending + Net
Interest Payments
0%
1980 1990 2000 2010E 2020E 2030E 2040E 2050E
Source: Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Long-Term Budget Outlook (6/10). Note that entitlement spending includes federal government expenditures on Social
Security, Medicare and Medicaid. Data in our chart is based on CBO’s ‘alternative fiscal scenario’ forecast, which assumes a continuation of today’s underlying
fiscal policy. Note that CBO also maintains an ‘extended-baseline’ scenario, which adheres closely to current law. The alternative fiscal scenario deviates from
CBO’s baseline because it incorporates some policy changes that are widely expected to occur (such as extending the 2001-2003 tax cuts rather than letting them
expire as scheduled by current law and adjusting physician payment rates to be in line with the Medicare economic index rather than at lower scheduled rates) and
that policymakers have regularly made in the past.
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USA Inc. | Summary
Less than 15 years from now, in other words, USA Inc. – based on current forecasts for revenue
and expenses - would have nothing left over to spend on defense, education, infrastructure, and
R&D, which today account for only 32% of USA Inc. spending, down from 69% forty years ago.
This critical juncture is getting ever closer. Just ten years ago, the CBO thought federal revenue
would support entitlement spending and interest payments until 2060 – 35 years beyond its
current projection. This dramatic forecast change over the past ten years helps illustrate, in our
view, how important it is to focus on the here-and-now trend lines and take actions based on
those trends.
How would a turnaround expert determine ‘normal’ revenue and expenses?
The first step would be to examine the main drivers of revenue and expenses. It’s not a pretty
picture. While revenue – mainly taxes on individual and corporate income – is highly correlated
(83%) with GDP growth, expenses – mostly entitlement spending – are less correlated (73%)
with GDP. With that as backdrop, our turnaround expert might try to help management and
shareholders (citizens) achieve a long-term balance by determining “normal” levels of revenue
and expenses:
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xiii
• From 1965 to 2005 (a period chosen to exclude abnormal trends related to the recent
recession), annual revenue growth (3%) has been roughly in line with GDP growth, but
corporate income taxes have grown 2% a year. Social insurance taxes grew 5% annually and
represented 37% of USA Inc. revenue, compared with 19% in 1965. An expert might ask:
o What level of social insurance or entitlement taxes can USA Inc. support without reducing
job creation?
o Are low corporate income taxes important to global competitive advantage and stimulating
growth?
• Entitlement spending has risen 5% a year on average since 1965, well above average annual
GDP growth of 3%, and now absorbs 51% of all expenses, more than twice its share in 1965.
Defense and non-defense discretionary spending (including infrastructure, education, and law
enforcement) is up just 1-2% annually over that period. Questions for shareholders:
o Do USA Inc.’s operations run at maximum efficiency? Where are the opportunities for cost
savings?
o Should all expense categories be benchmarked against GDP growth? Should some grow
faster or slower than GDP? If so, what are the key determinants?
o Would greater investment in infrastructure, education, and global competitiveness yield
more long-term security for the elderly and disadvantaged?
With expenses outstripping revenues by a large (and growing) margin, a turnaround expert
would develop an analytical framework for readjusting USA Inc.’s business model and strategic
plans. Prudence would dictate that our expert assume below-trend GDP growth and above-trend
unemployment, plus rising interest rates – all of which would make the base case operating
scenario fairly gloomy.
This analysis can’t ignore our dependence on entitlements. Almost one-third of all
Americans have grown up in an environment of lean savings and heavy reliance on
government healthcare subsidies. It’s not just a question of numbers – it’s a question of
our responsibilities as citizens…and what kind of society we want to be.
Some 90 million Americans (out of a total population of 307 million) have grown accustomed to
support from entitlement programs; so, too, have 14 million workers in the healthcare industry
who, directly or indirectly, benefit from government subsidies via Medicare and Medicaid. Low
personal savings and high unemployment make radical change difficult. Political will can be
difficult to summon, especially during election campaigns.
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xiv
At the same time, however, these numbers don’t lie. With our demographics and our
debts, we’re on a collision course with the future. The good news: Although time is
growing short, we still have the capacity to create positive outcomes.
Even though USA Inc. can print money and raise taxes, USA Inc. cannot sustain its financial
imbalance indefinitely – especially as the Baby Boomer generation nears retirement age. Net
debt levels are approaching warning levels, and some polls suggest that Americans consider
reducing debt a national priority. Change is legally possible. Unlike underfunded pension
liabilities that can bankrupt companies, USA Inc.’s underfunded liabilities are not legal contracts.
Congress has the authority to change the level and conditions for Social Security and Medicare
benefits; the federal government, together with the states, can also alter eligibility and benefit
levels for Medicaid.
Options for entitlement reform, operating efficiency, and stronger long-term GDP growth.
As analysts, not public policy experts, we can offer mathematical illustrations as a framework for
discussion (not necessarily as actual solutions). We also present policy options from third-party
organizations such as the CBO.
Reforming entitlement programs – Social Security.
The underfunding could be addressed through some or all of the following mechanical changes:
increasing the full retirement age to as high as 73 (from the current level of 67); and/or reducing
average annual social security benefits by up to 12% (from $13,010 to $11,489); and/or
increasing the social security tax rate from 12.4% to 14.2%. Options proposed by the CBO
include similar measures, as well as adjustments to initial benefits and index levels. Of course,
the low personal savings rates of average Americans – 3% of disposable income, compared with
a 10% average from 1965 to 1985 – limit flexibility, at least in the early years of any reform.
Reforming entitlement programs – Medicare and Medicaid.
Mathematical illustrations for these programs, the most underfunded, seem draconian: Reducing
average Medicare benefits by 53%, to $5,588 per year, or increasing the Medicare tax rate by
3.9 percentage points, to 6.8%, or some combination of these changes would address the
underfunding of Medicare. As for Medicaid, the lack of a dedicated funding stream (i.e., a tax
similar to the Medicare payroll tax) makes the math even more difficult. But by one measure
from the Kaiser Family Foundation, 60% of the Medicaid budget in 2001 was spent on so-called
optional recipients (such as mid- to low-income population above poverty level) or on optional
services (such as dental services and prescription drug benefits). Reducing or controlling these
benefits could help control Medicaid spending – but increase the burden on some poor and
disabled groups.
Ultimately, the primary issue facing the US healthcare system is ever-rising costs, historically
driven by increases in price and utilization. Beneath sustained medical cost inflation is an
entitlement mentality bolted onto a volume-based reimbursement scheme. All else being equal,
the outcome is an incentive to spend: Underlying societal, financial, and liability factors combine
to fuel an inefficient, expensive healthcare system.
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xv
Improving operating efficiency.
With nearly one government civilian worker (federal, state and local) for every six households,
efficiency gains seem possible. A 20-year trend line of declining federal civilian headcount was
reversed in the late 1990s.
Resuming that trend would imply a 15% potential headcount reduction over five years and save
nearly $300 billion over the next ten years. USA Inc. could also focus intensively on local private
company outsourcing, where state and local governments are finding real productivity gains.
Improving long-term GDP growth – productivity and employment.
Fundamentally, federal revenues depend on GDP growth and related tax levies on consumers
and businesses. Higher GDP growth won’t be easy to achieve as households rebuild savings in
the aftermath of a recession. To break even without changing expense levels or tax policies,
USA Inc. would need real GDP growth of 6-7% in F2012-14 and 4-5% in F2015-20, according to
our estimates based on CBO data – highly unlikely, given 40-year average GDP growth of 3%.
While USA Inc. could temporarily increase government spending and investment to make up for
lower private demand in the near term, the country needs policies that foster productivity and
employment gains for sustainable long-term economic growth.
How Much Would Real GDP Need to Grow to Drive USA Inc. to Break-Even
Without Policy Changes? 6-7% in F2012E-F2014E & 4-5% in F2015-
F2020E…Well Above 40-Year Average of 3%
8%
CBO’s Baseline Real GDP Growth vs. Required Real GDP
Growth for a Balanced Budget Between F2011E and F2020E
6%
Real GDP Y/Y Growth (%)
4%
2%
0%
2009 2011E 2013E 2015E 2017E 2019E
-2%
-4%
Real GDP Annual Growth (CBO Baseline Forecast)
Real GDP Annual Growth Needed to Eliminate Fiscal Deficit
1970-2009 Average Real GDP Growth
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Source: CBO, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020,” 8/10.
USA Inc. | Summary
Productivity gains and increased employment each contributed roughly half of the long-term
GDP growth between 1970 and 2009, per the National Bureau of Economic Research. Since the
1960s, as more resources have gone to entitlements and interest payments, USA Inc. has
scaled back its investment in technology R&D and infrastructure as percentages of GDP.
Competitors are making these investments. India plans to double infrastructure spending as a
percent of GDP by 2013, and its tertiary (college) educated population will double over the next
ten years, according to Morgan Stanley analysts, enabling its GDP growth to accelerate to 9-
10% annually by 2015 (China’s annual GDP growth is forecast to remain near 8% by 2015).
USA Inc. can’t match India’s demographic advantage, but technology can help.
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USA Inc.
xvi
For employment gains, USA Inc. should minimize tax and regulatory uncertainties and
encourage businesses to add workers. While hiring and R&D-related tax credits may add to
near-term deficits, over time, they should drive job and GDP growth. Immigration reform could
also help: A Federal Reserve study in 2010 shows that immigration does not take jobs from
U.S.-born workers but boosts productivity and income per worker.
Changing tax policies.
Using another simple mechanical illustration, covering the 2010 budget deficit (excluding onetime
charges) by taxes alone would mean doubling individual income tax rates across the board,
to roughly 26-30% of gross income, we estimate. Such major tax increases would ultimately be
self-defeating if they reduce private income and consumption. However, reducing tax
expenditures and subsidies such as mortgage interest deductions would broaden the tax base
and net up to $1.7 trillion in additional revenue over the next decade, per CBO. A tax based on
consumption - like a value added tax (VAT) - could also redirect the economy toward savings
and investment, though there would be drawbacks.
These issues are undoubtedly complex, and difficult decisions must be made. But
inaction may be the greatest risk of all. The time to act is now, and our first responsibility
as investors in USA Inc. is to understand the task at hand.
Our review finds serious challenges in USA Inc.’s financials. The ‘management team’ has
created incentives to spend on healthcare, housing, and current consumption. At the margin,
investing in productive capital, education, and technology – the very tools needed to compete in
the global marketplace – has stagnated.
America’s Resources Allocated to Housing + Healthcare Nearly Doubled as a Percent
of GDP Since 1965, While Household and Government Savings Fell Dramatically
25%
20%
Healthcare + Housing Spending vs. Net Household +
Government Savings as % of GDP, 1965-2009
Housing + Healthcare Spending as % of GDP
Net Household + Government Savings as % of GDP
20%
As % of GDP
15%
10%
5%
11%
7%
0%
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
-5%
-10%
-9%
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Note: Housing includes purchase, rent and home improvement. Government savings occur when government runs a surplus.
Source: BEA, CMS via Haver Analytics.
USA Inc. | Summary
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USA Inc.
xvii
With these trends, USA Inc. will not be immune to the sudden crises that have afflicted others
with similar unfunded liabilities, leverage, and productivity trends. The sovereign credit issues in
Europe suggest what might lie ahead for USA Inc. shareholders – and our children. In effect,
USA Inc. is maxing out its credit card. It has fallen into a pattern of spending more than it earns
and is issuing debt at nearly every turn. Common principles for overcoming this kind of burden
include the following:
1) Acknowledge the problem – some 80% of Americans believe ‘dealing with our growing
budget deficit and national debt’ is a national priority, according to a Peter G. Peterson
Foundation survey in 11/09;
2) Examine past errors – People need clear descriptions and analysis to understand how the
US arrived at its current financial condition – a ‘turnaround CEO’ would certainly initiate a
‘no holds barred’ analysis of the purpose, success and operating efficiency of all of USA
Inc.’s spending;
3) Make amends for past errors – Most Americans today at least acknowledge the problems
at personal levels and say they rarely or never spend more than what they can afford (63%
according to a 2007 Pew Research study). The average American knows the importance
of managing a budget. Perhaps more would be willing to sacrifice for the greater good with
an understandable plan to serve the country’s long-term best interests;
4) Develop a new code of behavior – Policymakers, businesses (including investment firms),
and citizens need to share responsibility for past failures and develop a plan for future
successes.
Past generations of Americans have responded to major challenges with collective
sacrifice and hard work. Will ours also rise to the occasion?
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USA Inc. xviii
USA Inc. – Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Introduction
High-Level Thoughts on Income Statement/Balance Sheet
Income Statement Drilldown
Balance Sheet Drilldown
What Might a Turnaround Expert – Empowered to Improve
USA Inc.’s Financials – Consider?
Consequences of Inaction
Summary
Appendix
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USA Inc.
2
This work is licensed for non-commercial distribution (but NOT for excerpting, or modifying or creating derivatives) under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported CC BY-NC-ND license. You can find this license at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/3.0/legalcode
or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA.
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USA Inc.
4
Introduction
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USA Inc. | Introduction
5
�About This Report
www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Introduction 6
Presentation Premise
� For America to remain the great country it has been for the past 235 years,
it must determine the best ways to honor the government’s fundamental
mission derived from the Constitution:
� …to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility,
provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.
� To this end, government should aim to help create a vibrant environment for
economic growth and productive employment. It should manage its operations
and programs as effectively and efficiently as possible, improve its financial
position by driving the federal government’s income statement to long-term
break-even, and reduce the unsustainable level of debt on its balance sheet.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Introduction
7
USA Inc. Concept
Healthy financials and compelling growth prospects are key to success for businesses
(and countries). So if the US federal government – which we call USA Inc. – were a
business, how would public shareholders view it? How would long-term investors evaluate
the federal government’s business model, strategic plans, and operating efficiency? How
would analysts react to its earnings reports? Although some 45% 1 of American households
own shares in publicly traded companies and receive related quarterly financial statements, not
many “stakeholders” look closely at Washington’s financials. Nearly two-thirds of all American
households 2 pay federal income taxes, but very few take the time to dig into the numbers of the
entity that, on average, collects 13% 3 of all Americans’ annual gross income (not counting
another 15-30% for payroll and various state and local taxes).
We drill down on USA Inc.’s past, present, and (in some cases) future financial dynamics and
focus on the country’s income statement and balance sheet and related trends. We isolate and
review key expense and revenue drivers. On the expense side, we examine the major
entitlement programs (Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security) as well as defense and other
major discretionary programs. On the revenue side, we focus on GDP growth (driven by labor
productivity and employment in the long run) and tax policies.
We present basic numbers-driven scenarios for addressing USA Inc.'s financial challenges. In
addition, we lay out the type of basic checklists that corporate turnaround experts might use as
starting points when looking at some of USA Inc.’s business model challenges.
Source: 1) 2008 ICI (Investment Company Institute) / SIFMA (Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association) Equity
and Bond Owners Survey; 2) Number of tax returns with positive tax liability (91MM) divided by total number of returns filed (142MM), per Tax Foundation
calculations based on IRS data; 3) Total federal income taxes (ex. payroll taxes) paid divided by total adjusted gross income, per IRS 2007 data.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Introduction
8
Why We Wrote This Report
As American citizens / tax payers, we care about the future of our country.
As investors, we search for data and insights to help us make better
investment decisions. (It’s easier to predict the future with a keen
understanding of the past.)
We found ourselves searching for better information about the state of America’s
financials, and we decided to assemble – in one place and in a user-friendly format
– some of the best data about the world’s biggest “business.” In addition, we have
attempted to provide some historical context for how USA Inc.’s financial model has
evolved over decades.
The complexity of USA Inc.’s challenges is well known, and our presentation is just
a starting point; it’s far from perfect or complete. But we are convinced that citizens
– and investors – should understand the business of their government. Thomas
Jefferson and Alexis de Tocqueville knew that – armed with the right information –
the enlightened citizenry of America would make the right decisions. It is our
humble hope that a transparent financial framework can help inform future debates.
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USA Inc. | Introduction
9
What You’ll Find Here…
In the conviction that every citizen should understand the finances of
USA Inc. and the plans of its “management team,” we examine USA Inc.’s
income statement and balance sheet and present them in a basic, easy-touse
format.
In this document, a broad group of people helped us drill into our federal
government’s basic financial metrics. We summarize our thoughts in PowerPoint
form here and also have provided a brief text summary at www.kpcb.com/usainc.
We encourage people to take our data and thoughts and study them, critique them,
augment them, share them, and make them better. There’s a lot of material – think
of it as a book that happens to be a slide presentation.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Introduction
10
…And What You Won’t
We do not make policy recommendations. We try to help clarify some of the
issues in a simple, analytically-based way. We aim to present data, trends, and
facts about USA Inc.’s key revenue and expense drivers to provide context for
how its financials have reached their present state.
We did not base this analysis on proprietary data. Our observations come
from publicly available information, and we use the tools of basic financial
analysis to interpret it. Forecasts generally come from 3rd-party agencies like the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO). For US policy makers, the timing of material
changes will be especially difficult, given the current economic environment.
No doubt, there will be compliments and criticism of things in the
presentation (or missing from it). We hope that this report helps advance the
discussion and we welcome others to opine with views (backed up by data).
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Introduction
11
We Focus on Federal,
Not State & Local Government Data
� Federal / State & Local Governments Share Different Responsibilities
� Federal government is financially responsible for all or the majority of Defense, Social
Security, Medicare and Interest Payments on federal debt and coordinates / shares
funding for public investment in education / infrastructure.
� State & local governments are financially responsible for all or the majority of Education,
Transportation (Road Construction & Maintenance), Public Safety (Police / Fire
Protection / Law Courts / Prisons) and Environment & Housing (Parks & Recreation /
Community Development / Sewerage & Waste Management).
� Federal / state & local governments share financial responsibility in Medicaid and
Unemployment Insurance.
� We Focus on the Federal Government
� State and local governments face many similar long-term financial challenges and may
ultimately require federal assistance. To be sure, the size of state & local government
budget deficits ($70 billion 1 in aggregate in F2009) and debt-to-GDP ratio (7% 2 on
average in F2008) pales by comparison to the federal government’s ($1.3 trillion budget
deficit, 62% debt-to-GDP ratio in F2010). But these metrics may understate state & local
governments’ financial challenges by 50% or more 3 because they exclude the long-term
cost of public pension and other post employment benefit (OPEB) liabilities.
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) Per National Conference of State Legislatures, State fiscal years ends in June. $70B aggregate excludes deficits
from Puerto Rico ($3B deficits in F2009). 2) Debt-to-GDP ratio per Census Bureau State & Local Government Finance; 3)
Calculation based on the claim that $1T of collective short fall in State & local government pension and OPEB funding
would be $2.5T using corporate accounting rules, per Orin S. Kramer, “How to Cheat a Retirement Fund,” 9/10.
USA Inc. | Introduction
12
�Summary
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USA Inc. | Introduction
13
Highlights from F2010 USA Inc. Financials
� Summary – USA Inc. has challenges.
� Cash Flow – While recession depressed F2008-F2010 results, cash flow has been negative
for 9 consecutive years ($4.8 trillion, cumulative), with no end to losses in sight. Negative
cash flow implies that USA Inc. can't afford the services it is providing to 'customers,' many
of whom are people with few alternatives.
� Balance Sheet – Net worth is negative and deteriorating.
� Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities – Off-balance sheet liabilities of at least $31 trillion (primarily
unfunded Medicare and Social Security obligations) amount to nearly $3 for every $1 of debt
on the books. Just as unfunded corporate pensions and other post-employment benefits
(OPEB) weigh on public corporations, unfunded entitlements, over time, may increase USA
Inc.’s cost of capital. And today’s off-balance sheet liabilities will be tomorrow’s on-balance
sheet debt.
� Conclusion – Publicly traded companies with similar financial trends would be pressed by
shareholders to pursue a turnaround. The good news: USA Inc.’s underlying asset base and
entrepreneurial culture are strong. The financial trends can shift toward a positive direction,
but both ‘management’ and ‘shareholders’ will need collective focus, willpower, commitment,
and sacrifice.
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Cash flow = total revenue – total spending on a cash basis; net worth includes
unfunded future liabilities from Social Security and Medicare on an accrual basis over the next 75 years. Source: cash flow per
White House Office of Management and Budget; net worth per Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S.
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Government,” adjusted to include unfunded liabilities of Social Security and Medicare.
USA Inc. | Introduction
14
Drilldown on USA Inc. Financials…
� To analysts looking at USA Inc. as a public corporation, the financials are challenged
�
Excluding Medicare / Medicaid spending and one-time charges, USA Inc. has supported a 4% average net
margin 1 over 15 years, but cash flow is deep in the red by negative $1.3 trillion last year (or
-$11,000 per household), and net worth 2 is negative $44 trillion (or -$371,000 per household).
� The main culprits: entitlement programs, mounting debt, and one-time charges
�
�
�
Since the Great Depression, USA Inc. has steadily added “business lines” and, with the best of intentions,
created various entitlement programs. Some of these serve the nation’s poorest, whose struggles have
been made worse by the financial crisis. Apart from Social Security and unemployment insurance,
however, funding for these programs has been woefully inadequate – and getting worse.
Entitlement expenses (adjusted for inflation) rose 70% over the last 15 years, and USA Inc. entitlement
spending now equals $16,600 per household per year; annual spending exceeds dedicated funding by
more than $1 trillion (and rising). Net debt levels are approaching warning levels, and one-time charges
only compound the problem.
Some consider defense spending a major cause of USA Inc.’s financial dilemma. Re-setting priorities and
streamlining could yield savings – $788 billion by 2018, according to one recent study 3 – perhaps without
damaging security. But entitlement spending has a bigger impact on USA Inc. financials. Although
defense nearly doubled in the last decade, to 5% of GDP, it is still below its 7% share of GDP from 1948 to
2000. It accounted for 20% of the budget in 2010, but 41% of all government spending between 1789 and
1930.
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Note: 1) Net margin defined as net income divided by total revenue; 2) net worth defined as assets (ex. stewardship assets like national
parks and heritage assets like the Washington Monument) minus liabilities minus the net present value of unfunded entitlements (such as
Social Security and Medicare), data per Treasury Dept.'s “2010 Annual Report on the U.S. Government”; 3) Gordon Adams and Matthew
Leatherman, “A Leaner and Meaner National Defense,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2011)
USA Inc. | Introduction
15
…Drilldown on USA Inc. Financials…
� Medicare and Medicaid, largely underfunded (based on ‘dedicated’ revenue) and
growing rapidly, accounted for 21% (or $724B) of USA Inc.’s total expenses in F2010,
up from 5% forty years ago
� Together, these two programs represent 35% of all (annual) US healthcare spending; Federal Medicaid
spending has doubled in real terms over the last decade, to $273 billion annually.
� Total government healthcare spending consumes 8.2% of GDP compared with just
1.3% fifty years ago; the new health reform law could increase USA Inc.’s budget
deficit
� As government healthcare spending expands, USA Inc.’s red ink will get much worse if healthcare costs
continue growing 2 percentage points faster than per capita income (as they have for 40 years).
� Unemployment Insurance and Social Security are adequately funded...for now. The
future, not so bright
� Demographic trends have exacerbated the funding problems for Medicare and Social Security – of the
102 million increased enrollment between 1965 and 2009, 42 million (or 41%) is due to an aging
population. With a 26% longer life expectancy but a 3% increase in retirement age (since Social
Security was created in 1935), deficits from Social Security could add $11.6 trillion (or 140%) to the
public debt by 2037E, per Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
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USA Inc. | Introduction
16
…Drilldown on USA Inc. Financials
� If entitlement programs are not reformed, USA Inc.’s balance sheet will go from bad to
worse
� Public debt has doubled over the last 30 years, to 62% of GDP. This ratio is expected to surpass the
90% threshold* – above which real GDP growth could slow considerably – in 10 years and could near
150% of GDP in 20 years if entitlement expenses continue to soar, per CBO.
� As government healthcare spending expands, USA Inc.’s red ink will get much worse if healthcare costs
continue growing 2 percentage points faster than per capita income (as they have for 40 years).
� The turning point: Within 15 years (by 2025), entitlements plus net interest expenses
will absorb all – yes, all – of USA Inc.’s annual revenue, per CBO
� That would require USA Inc. to borrow funds for defense, education, infrastructure, and R&D spending,
which today account for 32% of USA Inc. spending (excluding one-time items), down dramatically from
69% forty years ago.
� It’s notable that CBO’s projection from 10 years ago (in 1999) showed Federal revenue sufficient to
support entitlement spending + interest payments until 2060E – 35 years later than current projection.
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Note: *Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff observed from 3,700 historical annual data points from 44 countries that the
relationship between government debt and real GDP growth is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP.
Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more. We note that while
Reinhart and Rogoff’s observations are based on ‘gross debt’ data, in the U.S., debt held by the public is closer to the European
countries’ definition of government gross debt. For more information, see Reinhart and Rogoff, “Growth in a Time of Debt,” 1/10.
USA Inc. | Introduction
17
How Might One Think About Turning Around USA Inc.?...
� Key focus areas would likely be reducing USA Inc.’s budget deficit and improving /
restructuring the ‘business model’…
� One would likely drill down on USA Inc.’s key revenue and expense drivers, then develop a
basic analytical framework for ‘normal’ revenue / expenses, then compare options.
�
�
Looking at history…
Annual growth in revenue of 3% has been roughly in line with GDP for 40 years* while
corporate income taxes grew at 2%. Social insurance taxes (for Social Security / Medicare)
grew 5% annually and now represent 37% of USA Inc. revenue, compared with 19% in 1965.
Annual growth in expenses of 3% has been roughly in line with revenue, but entitlements are
up 5% per annum - and now absorb 51% of all USA Inc.’s expense - more than twice their
share in 1965; defense and other discretionary spending growth has been just 1-2%.
�
One might ask…
Should expense and revenue levels be re-thought and re-set so USA Inc. operates near
break-even and expense growth (with needed puts and takes) matches GDP growth, thus
adopting a ‘don’t spend more than you earn’ approach to managing USA Inc.’s financials?
Note: *We chose a 40-year period from 1965 to 2005 to examine ‘normal’ levels of revenue and expenses. We did not choose the most recent
40-year period (1969 to 2009) as USA was in deep recession in 2008 / 2009 and underwent significant tax policy fluctuations in 1968 /1969, so
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many metrics (like individual income and corporate profit) varied significantly from ‘normal’ levels.
USA Inc. | Introduction
18
…How Might One Think About Turning Around USA Inc.?
One might consider…
�
�
�
Options for reducing expenses by focusing on entitlement reform and operating efficiency
�
�
Formula changes could help Social Security’s underfunding, but look too draconian for Medicare/Medicaid;
the underlying healthcare cost dilemma requires business process restructuring and realigned incentives.
Resuming the 20-year trend line for lower Federal civilian employment, plus more flexible compensation
systems and selective local outsourcing, could help streamline USA Inc.’s operations.
Options for increasing revenue by focusing on driving long-term GDP growth and changing tax
policies
� USA Inc. should examine ways to invest in growth that provides a high return (ROI) via new investment in
technology, education, and infrastructure and could stimulate productivity gains and employment growth.
�
Reducing tax subsidies (like exemptions on mortgage interest payments or healthcare benefits) and
changing the tax system in other ways could increase USA Inc.’s revenue without raising income taxes to
punitive – and self-defeating – levels. Such tax policy changes could help re-balance USA’s economy
between consumption and savings and re-orient business lines towards investment-led growth, though
there are potential risks and drawbacks.
History suggests the long-term consequences of inaction could be severe
�
USA Inc. has many assets, but it must start addressing its spending/debt challenges now.
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USA Inc. | Introduction
19
Sizing Costs Related to USA Inc.’s Key Financial Challenges
& Potential AND / OR Solutions
� To create frameworks for discussion, the next slide summarizes USA Inc.’s various
financial challenges and the projected future cost of each main expense driver.
� The estimated future cost is calculated as the net present value of expected
‘dedicated’ future income (such as payroll taxes) minus expected future expenses
(such as benefits paid) over the next 75 years.
� Then we ask the question: ‘What can we do to solve these financial challenges?’
�
The potential solutions include a range of simple mathematical illustrations (such as
changing program characteristics or increasing tax rates) and/or program-specific
policy solutions proposed or considered by lawmakers and agencies like the CBO
(such as indexing Social Security initial benefits to growth in cost of living).
� These mathematical illustrations are only a mechanical answer to key financial
challenges and not realistic solutions. In reality, a combination of detailed policy
changes will likely be required to bridge the future funding gap.
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USA Inc. | Introduction
20
Overview of USA Inc.’s Key Financial Challenges
& Potential and/or Solutions
Rank
Financial
Challenge
Net Present Cost 1
($T / % of 2010 GDP)
Mathematical Illustrations
and/or Potential Policy Solutions 2
1 Medicaid $35 Trillion 3 / 239%
2 Medicare $23 Trillion / 156%
• Isolate and address the drivers of medical cost inflation
• Improve efficiency / productivity of healthcare system
• Reduce coverage for optional benefits & optional enrollees
• Reduce benefits
• Increase Medicare tax rate
• Isolate and address the drivers of medical cost inflation
• Improve efficiency / productivity of healthcare system
3
Social
Security
$8 Trillion / 54%
• Raise retirement age
• Reduce benefits
• Increase Social Security tax rate
• Reduce future initial benefits by indexing to cost of living growth rather
than wage growth
• Subject benefits to means test to determine eligibility
4
Slow GDP /
USA
Revenue
Growth
--
• Invest in technology / infrastructure / education
• Remove tax & regulatory uncertainties to stimulate employment growth
• Reduce subsidies and tax expenditures & broaden tax base
5
Government
Inefficiencies
--
• Resume the 20-year trend line for lower Federal civilian employment
• Implement more flexible compensation systems
• Consolidate / selectively local outsource certain functions
Note: 1) Net Present Cost is calculated as the present value of expected future net liabilities (expected revenue minus expected costs) for each program / issue over the
next 75 years, Medicare estimate per Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S. Government,” Social Security estimate per Social Security Trustees’ Report
(8/10). 2) For more details on potential solutions, see slides 252-410 or full USA Inc. presentation. 3) Medicaid does not have dedicated revenue source and its $35T net
present cost excludes funding from general tax revenue, NPV analysis based on 3% discount rate applied to CBO’s projection for annual inflation-adjusted expenses.
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USA Inc. | Introduction 21
The Essence of America’s Financial Conundrum
& Math Problem?
While a hefty 80% of Americans indicate balancing the budget should
be one of the country’s top priorities, per a Peter G. Peterson
Foundation survey in 11/09…
…only 12% of Americans support cutting spending on Medicare or
Social Security, per a Pew Research Center survey, 2/11.
Some might call this ‘having your cake and eating it too…’
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USA Inc. | Introduction
22
The Challenge Before Us
Policymakers, businesses and citizens need to share responsibility for
past failures and develop a plan for future successes.
Past generations of Americans have responded to major challenges
with collective sacrifice and hard work.
Will ours also rise to the occasion?
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USA Inc. | Introduction
23
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USA Inc. | Introduction
24
High-Level Thoughts on
Income Statement/Balance Sheet
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
25
How Would You Feel if…
…your Cash Flow was NEGATIVE for
each of the past 9 years…
?
…your Net Worth* has been
NEGATIVE for as long as you can
remember…
… it would take 20 years of your
income at the current level to pay off
your existing debt – assuming you
don’t take on any more debt.
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Note: *See slide 30 for net worth qualifier.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
26
Welcome to the Financial Reality (& Negative Trend) of USA Inc.
F2010 Cash Flow = -$1.3 Trillion; Net Worth = -$44 Trillion
USA Inc. Annual Cash Flow & Year-End Net Worth, F1996 – F2010
$400
$15,000
Annual Cash Flow ($Billion)
$0
-$400
-$800
-$1,200
One-Time Expenses*
Cash Flow (left axis)
$0
-$15,000
-$30,000
-$45,000
Year-End Net Worth ($Billion)
-$1,600
Net Worth (right axis)
F1996 F1998 F2000 F2002 F2004 F2006 F2008 F2010
-$60,000
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Cash flow = total revenue – total spending on a cash basis; net worth includes unfunded future liabilities from
Social Security and Medicare on an accrual basis over the next 75 years. *One-time expenses in F2008 include $14B payments to Freddie Mac; F2009
includes $279B net TARP payouts, $97B payment to Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac and $40B stimulus spending on discretionary items; F2010 includes $26B net
TARP income, $137B stimulus spending and $41B payment to Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac. F2010 net worth improved dramatically owing to revised actuarial
estimates for Medicare program resulted from the Healthcare reform legislation. For more definitions, see next slide. Source: cash flow per White House Office
of Management and Budget; net worth per Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S. Government.”
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
27
Think About That…
The previous chart is in
TRILLIONS of dollars. Just
because million, billion and
trillion rhyme, doesn’t mean
that they are even close
to the same quantity.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
28
Only Politicians Work in Trillions of Dollars—
Here’s How Much That Is
1 Pallet
1 Football Field
$1 Million (MM)
217 Football Fields
$1 Billion (B)
$1 Trillion (T)
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
29
Net Worth Qualifier
• The balance sheet / net worth calculation does not include the power to tax
– the net present value of the sovereign power to tax and the ability to print the
world’s reserve currency would clearly bolster USA Inc.’s assets – if they could be
accurately calculated.
• Plant, Property & Equipment (PP&E) on USA Inc.’s balance sheet is valued
at $829B 1 (or 29% of USA Inc.’s total stated assets) – this includes tangible
assets such as buildings, internal use software and civilian and military
equipment.
• The PP&E calculation DOES NOT include the value of USA Inc.’s holdings in
the likes of public land (estimated to be worth $408B per OMB) 1 , highways,
natural gas, oil reserves, mineral rights (estimated to be worth $345B per OMB),
forest, air space, radio frequency spectrum, national parks and other heritage and
stewardship assets which USA Inc. does not anticipate to use for general
government operations. The good news for USA Inc. is that the aggregate value
of these heritage and stewardship assets could be significant.
Note: 1) USA Inc.’s holding of land is measured in non-financial units such as acres of land and lakes, and number of National Parks and National Marine
Sanctuaries. Land under USA Inc.’s stewardship accounts for 28% of the total U.S. landmass as of 9/10. Dept. of Interior reported 552 national wildlife refuges, 378
park units, 134 geographic management areas, 67 fish hatcheries under their management as of 9/10. Dept. of Defense reported 203,000 acres of public land and
16,140,000 acres withdrawn public land, the USDA’s Forest Service managed an estimated 155 national forests, while the Dept. of Commerce had 13 National
Marine Sanctuaries, which included near–shore coral reefs and open ocean, as of 9/10. Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S. Government.”
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
30
A Word of Warning About Comparing
Corporate & Government Accounting…
� Government accounting standards do not report the present value of future
entitlement payments (such as Social Security or Medicare) as liabilities.
Instead, entitlement payments are recognized only when they are paid.
� Our analysis takes a different view: governments create liabilities when they
enact entitlements and do not provide for revenues adequate to fund them.
� We measure the entitlement liability as the present value of estimated
entitlement payments in excess of expected revenues for citizens of working age
based on Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds’ actuarial analysis.
� Government accounting standards also do not recognize the value of internallygenerated
intangible assets (such as the sovereign power to tax). We do not
recognize those assets either, as we have no basis to measure them. But the
US government has substantial intangible assets that should provide future
economic benefits.
Note: For more discussion on alternatives to corporate and official government accounting methods, see Laurence J. Kotlikoff, Alan J. Auerbach, and Jagadeesh
Gokhale, “Generational Accounting: A Meaningful Way to Assess Generational Policy,” published on 12/94 in The Journal of Economic Perspectives.
Source: Greg Jonas, Morgan Stanley Research.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
31
…and About Government Budgeting
� Federal government budgeting follows arcane practices that are very different
from corporate budgeting – and can neglect solutions to structural problems in
favor of short-term expediency.
� Federal government does not distinguish capital budget (for long-term
investment) from operating budget (for day-to-day operations). As a result, when
funding is limited, government may choose to reduce investments for the future
to preserve resources for day-to-day operations.
� Budget “scoring” rules give Congress incentives to hide the true costs...and help
Congressional committees defend their turf.*
Note: *For more detail, refer to slide 116 on congressional budget scoring rules related to recent Healthcare reform.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
32
Metric Definitions & Qualifiers
� Cash Flow = ‘Cash In’ Minus ‘Cash Out’
� Calculated on a cash basis (which excludes changes in non-cash accrual of
future liabilities) for simplicity.
� One-Time Expenses = ‘Spending Minus Repayments’ for Non-Recurring
Programs
� Net costs of programs such as TARP, ARRA, and GSE bailouts.
� Net Worth = Assets Minus Liabilities Minus Unfunded Entitlement Liabilities
� Assets include cash & investments, taxes receivable, property, plant &
equipment (as defined by Department of Treasury).
� Liabilities include accounts payable, accrued payroll & benefits, federal
debt, federal employee & veteran benefits payable…
� Unfunded Entitlement Liabilities include the present value of future
expenditures in excess of dedicated future revenues in Medicare and Social
Security over the next 75 years.
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Note: USA Inc. accounts do not follow the same GAAP as corporations.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
33
Common Financial Metrics Applied to USA Inc. in F2010
� Cash Flow Per Share = -$4,171
� USA Inc.’s F2010 cash flow -$1.3 trillion, divided by population of ~310
million (assuming each citizen holds one share of USA Inc.).
� Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio = -8x
� USA Inc. net debt held by public ($9.1 trillion) divided by USA Inc.
F2010 EBITDA (-$1.1 trillion). It’s notable that the ratio compares with
S&P500 average of 1.4x in 2010.
Note: USA Inc. accounts do not follow the same GAAP as corporations. Refer to slide 31 for a word of warning about comparing
corporate and government accounting. EBITDA is Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation & Amortization. Source: Dept. of
Treasury, White House Office of Management and Budget, Congressional Budget Office, BEA, BLS.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
34
Even Adjusting For Cyclical Impact of Recessions, USA Inc.’s 2010
Structural Operating Loss = -$817 Billion vs. -$78 Billion 15 Years Ago
Annual Federal Government Surplus / Deficit ($ Billion)
-$1,200
-$1,600
USA Inc. Annual Operating Surplus / Deficit, Structural vs. Cyclical 1 , F1996 – F2010
$400
$0
-$400
-$800
Structural
Cyclical
F1996 F1998 F2000 F2002 F2004 F2006 F2008 F2010
Note: 1) Congressional Budget Office defines a structural surplus or deficit as the budget surplus or deficit that would occur under current law if the influences of
the business cycle on the budget – the automatic stabilizers – were removed, and cyclical surplus or deficit as the automatic net changes in revenues and outlays
that are attributable to cyclical movements in real (inflation-adjusted) output and unemployment. CBO compiled this data from Dept. of Commerce’s Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA), which maintains the national income and product accounts (NIPA). An important difference between the official budget deficit and the
NIPA measure of net federal government saving is that the latter excludes such purely financial transactions as the sale of government assets, and most
transactions under the Troubled Asset Relief Program, because those transactions do not help to measure current production and income. In addition, historical
NIPA data are subject to significant revision; historical budget data, by contrast, are rarely revised significantly. Source: 1996-2006 data per CBO, “The Effects of
Automatic Stabilizers on the Federal Budget,” 5/10, 2007-2010 data per White House OMB F2012 Budget Analytical Perspective.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
35
Understanding Differences Between
Economist Language vs. Equity Investor Translation
Economist Language
� Budget Deficit – The amount by which a
government's expenditures exceed its
receipts over a particular period of time.
� Structural Deficit – The portion of the
budget deficit that results from a
fundamental imbalance in government
receipts and expenditures, as opposed to
one based on the business cycle or onetime
factors.
� Cyclical Deficit – The portion of the
budget deficit that results from cyclical
factors such as economic recessions
rather than from underlying fiscal policy.
Equity Investor Approximate Translation*
� Cash Flow – ‘Cash in’ minus ‘cash out.’
� Cash Flow (ex. One-Time Items)* –
‘Cash in’ minus ‘cash out’ excluding
expenditures that are one-time in nature
(such as economic stimulus spending).
� One-Time Expenses* – TARP / GSE /
stimulus spending related to economic
recession.
� Federal Debt Held By the Public – The
accumulation of all previous fiscal years’
deficits.
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� Debt – Cumulative negative cash flow
financed by borrowing.
Note: *We acknowledge that while the concept of ‘cash flow ex. one-time items’ and ‘one-time expenses’ is similar to ‘structural deficit’ and
‘cyclical deficit,’ respectively, these terms are not interchangeable and have different definitions. Congressional Budget Office defines a
structural surplus or deficit as the budget surplus or deficit that would occur under current law if the influences of the business cycle on the
budget – the automatic stabilizers – were removed, and cyclical surplus or deficit as the automatic net changes in revenues and outlays that
are attributable to cyclical movements in real (inflation-adjusted) output and unemployment.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
36
How Did USA Inc.'s Financial Reality
Get to this Difficult Point?
USA Inc. Has Not Adequately Funded Its Entitlement Programs
Recessions come and go (and affect USA’s revenue), but future claims
(related to entitlement program commitments) on USA Inc. now
meaningfully exceed its projected cash flows.
For the last 40 years, management (the government) has committed
more long-term benefits through ‘entitlement’ programs like Medicaid /
Medicare / Social Security…without developing a sound plan to pay for
them.
Many of these programs provide important services to low-income,
unemployed, and disabled Americans in great need for help. But without
proper financing, support may dwindle.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
37
USA Inc. Has Substantially Expanded
Its “Business Lines” Over Past 80 Years
From 1789 to 1930, 41% 1 of USA Inc.’s cumulative
budget was dedicated to defense spending (compared
with 20% 1 in F2010), per the Census Bureau.
This began to change in the 1930s, when the federal
government substantially expanded its role (in effect,
expanded its “business lines”) in response to the Great
Depression.
Note: 1) 41% is the cumulative defense spending (excluding veterans’ benefits and services) as % of cumulative total federal
spending from 1789 to 1930. Including veterans’ benefits and services, defense spending would have been 49% of cumulative
annual budget from 1789 to 1930 and would have been 22% in F2009. Source: Census Bureau, “Historical Statistics of the
United States, Colonial Times to 1970,” Data series Y 457-465.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
38
USA Inc. “Business Lines” Have Expanded
From Defense to Insurance & Other Areas
USA Inc. Major ‘Business Line’ Spending as % of GDP, F1800 vs. F1900 vs. F2000
F1800
2.2%
F1900
2.5%
F2000
18.2%
Other
0.3%
Interest
Payment
0.7%
Defense
1.3%
Other
1.4%
Defense
0.9%
Other
5.1%
Defense
3.0%
Interest
Payment
2.3%
Interest
Payment
0.2%
Health
Insurance*
3.6%
Retirement +
Disability
Insurance*
4.2%
Note: Fiscal year 1800 / 1900 ended in June. Fiscal year 2000 ended in September. *Health insurance includes Medicare, Medicaid (federal portion)
and other federal health programs, retirement and disability insurance is Social Security. Other spending includes public sector employee and veteran
pension & benefits cost and spending on community development, law enforcement / education / public infrastructure / energy, etc. Source: 1800 /
1900 data per Census Bureau, 2000 per White House OMB.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
39
USA Inc. First 155 Years (1776-1930) = Era of Defense
Dept. of Army + Navy = 41% 1 of Cumulative Spending From 1789-1930
USA Inc.’s Budget Outlays For the First 155 Years (1776-1930) 2
1789-1791 … 1800 … 1850 … 1900 … 1930
1789-1930
Cumulative
Total Federal Government Outlays ($MM) $4 $11 $40 $521 $3,320 $98,747
Defense $1 $6 $17 $191 $839 $40,332
% of Total Outlays 15% 56% 44% 37% 25% 41%
Dept. of the Army $1 $3 $9 $135 $465 $28,831
% of Total Outlays 15% 24% 24% 26% 14% 29%
Dept. of the Navy $0 $3 $8 $56 $374 $11,500
% of Total Outlays -- 32% 20% 11% 11% 12%
Interest on the Public Debt $2 $3 $4 $40 $659 $13,790
% of Total Outlays 55% 31% 10% 8% 20% 14%
Other* $1 $1 $18 $290 $1,822 $44,626
% of Total Outlays 30% 13% 47% 56% 55% 45%
Veteran Compensation and Pensions $0 $0 $2 $141 $221 $8,273
% of Total Outlays 4% 1% 5% 27% 7% 8%
Note: Data is rounded and not adjusted for inflation. 1) 41% is the cumulative defense spending (excluding veterans’ benefits and services) as % of
cumulative total federal spending from 1789 to 1930. Including veterans’ benefits and services, defense spending would have been 49% of cumulative
annual budget from 1789 to 1930. 2) Data not available from 1776 to 1789. * Other includes various spending on administration, legislation and veteran
compensation and pensions. Source: Census Bureau, “Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970,” Data series Y 457-465.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
40
USA Inc. Next 80 Years (1931-2010) = Era of Expansion
Defense Down to 20% of Spending; Social Security + Healthcare Up to 44% in F2010
USA Inc.’s Budget Outlays For the Next 78 Years (1931-2010) 2
… … … … … … … …
1931 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Total Federal Government Outlays ($B) $4 $9 $43 $92 $196 $591 $1,253 $1,789 $3,456
Defense $1 $2 $14 $48 $82 $134 $299 $294 $694
% of Total Outlays 23% 20% 32% 52% 42% 23% 24% 16% 20%
Interest on the Public Debt $1 $1 $5 $7 $14 $53 $184 $223 $196
% of Total Outlays 17% 11% 11% 8% 7% 9% 15% 12% 6%
Retirement & Disability Insurance $0 $0 $1 $12 $30 $119 $249 $409 $707
% of Total Outlays 0% 0% 2% 13% 15% 20% 20% 23% 20%
Healthcare $0 $0 $0 $1 $12 $55 $156 $352 $821
% of Total Outlays 0% 1% 1% 1% 6% 9% 12% 20% 24%
Physical Resources (Energy / Housing…) $0 $2 $4 $8 $16 $66 $126 $85 $89
% of Total Outlays 5% 26% 9% 9% 8% 11% 10% 5% 3%
Other $2 $4 $19 $17 $42 $165 $239 $426 $950
% of Total Outlays 55% 42% 45% 18% 21% 28% 19% 24% 27%
Note: Data is rounded and not adjusted for inflation. Physical resources include energy, natural resources, commerce & housing credit, transportation
infrastructure, community and regional development. Other includes international affairs, agriculture, administration of justice, general government, education
and veterans’ benefits and services. Source: 1931-1939 data per Census Bureau, “Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970.” 1940-
2010 data per White House OMB.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
41
USA Inc. “Business Line” Extensions: 1930 – 2010
1970’s
1960’s
1950’s
1940’s
1930’s
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“Business Line”
Extensions
F2010
Expense ($B)
Energy Policy $12
Community
Development
13
Healthcare 724
Education 97
Housing 36
Welfare 28
Agencies / Programs
Created (Year)
Department of Energy
(1977)
Community
Development Block
Grant* (1974)
Medicare / Medicaid
(1965)
Federal Subsidies for
K-12 & Higher
Education (1965)
Federal Housing
Administration (1937)
/ Fannie Mae (1938)
Aid to Dependent
Children (1935)
Goals
Establish the Strategic Petroleum Reserve /
mandate automobile fuel efficiency standards &
temporary oil price control
Provide federal grants to local governments for
projects like parking lots / museums / street repairs
Provide medical insurance program for the elderly
(Medicare) and welfare program for low-income
population (Medicaid)
Provide federal subsidies for student loans / school
libraries / teacher training / research / textbooks and
other items.
Reduce cost of mortgages and spur home building /
purchasing by offering federal mortgage insurance
and create secondary market for mortgage loans.
Provide cash assistance to low-income families with
children. Replaced by Temporary Assistance for
Needy Families program in 1996
Retirement 584** Social Security (1935) Provide retirement income to the elderly
TOTAL $1.5 Trillion Or 10% of F2010 GDP / 69% of USA Inc.’s Revenue / 43 of Expense
Note: *Community Development Block Grant was an effort to consolidate various pre-existing categorical community development
programs that started with ""urban renewal"" in the 1950’s. **Social Security’s F2010 expense excludes ~$123B payments to
disabled workers via Disability Insurance program (created in 1956). Source: CATO Institute, White House OMB.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts 42
Entitlement Programs Are the Largest & Growing Expense Items
on USA Inc.'s Income Statement in Peace Time
USA Inc. Spending as % of GDP, 1795 – 2010
45%
40%
All Other Spending Social Security Medicare + Medicaid
35%
World War II
Federal Spending As % of GDP
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
War of 1812
Civil War
Great Depression
World War I
5%
0%
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1795 1820 1845 1870 1895 1920 1945 1970 1995
Note: Medicaid spending only includes federal (not state) portion of spending.
Source: John Cogan, Stanford University.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
43
Perspective –
USA Entitlement Spending = India’s GDP
• With a population of 1.2 billion (vs. USA’s 310 million) and
2010 GDP growth of 10% (vs. USA’s 3%), India is a wellrecognized
emerging country on the global stage.
• It’s notable that India’s 2010 nominal GDP* of $1.43
trillion was equal to USA’s $1.43 trillion in federal
government spending on Social Security, Medicare, and
Medicaid.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Nominal GDP is not adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). Population and GDP data per IMF.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
44
The Original Estimates of Medicare’s Costs
Were Vastly Underestimated
• In 1965, the official estimate of Medicare’s costs was $500 million per year,
roughly $3 billion in 2005 dollars.*
• The actual cost of Medicare has turned out to be 10x that estimate.
• Medicare’s actual net loss (tax receipts + trust fund interest – expenditures)
has exceeded $3 billion (adjusted for inflation) every year since 1976 and
was $146 billion in 2008 alone. In other words, had the original estimate been
accurate, the cumulative 43-year cost since Medicare was created would
have been $129 billion, adjusted for inflation.
• In fact, the actual cumulative spending has been $1.4 trillion** (adjusted for
inflation)...in effect, 10x over budget.
• While calculations have been flawed from the beginning for some of USA Inc.’s
entitlement programs, little has been done to correct the problems.
� An accurate economic forecast might have sunk Medicare.
David Blumenthal and James Morone
“The Lessons of Success – Revisiting the Medicare Story”, November 2008
www.kpcb.com
Sources: * Lyndon B. Johnson Library & Museum. Medicare spending data per White House OMB.
**Dept. of Health & Human Services, CMS, data adjusted for inflation based on BEA’s GDP price index.
USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
45
Many Leaders Have Voiced Concerns About
Entitlement Program Math / Spending
� The entitlement programs are not self-funded…they are unfunded
liabilities. They are the single biggest component of spending going
forward.
� -- Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve
� Testimony before House Budget Committee, June 9, 2010
� The time we have is growing short…there are serious questions, most
immediately about the sustainability of our commitment to growing
entitlement programs.
� -- Paul Volcker, Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve
� Chairman of President Obama’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board
� Speech at Stanford University, May 18, 2010
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
46
40-Year USA Inc. Data Points and Trends
1965 2005
‘65-’05
Change
National 1 Healthcare Spending as % of GDP 6% � 16% 167%
Federal 2 Healthcare Spending as % of GDP 1 � 5 --
Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending as % of GDP 3 � 2 --
% of Adult Population Considered Obese 13 � 32 146
% of Americans Receiving Govt. Subsidy 3 20 � 35 75
% of Americans that Pay No Federal Income Tax 20 � 33 65
National 1 Education Spending as % of GDP 5 � 7 48
Federal Education Spending as % of GDP 0 � 1 --
Gross Debt as % of GDP 47 � 64 36
Interest Payments as % of GDP 1.2 � 1.5 25
Gini Index of Income Inequality 4 0.34 4 � 0.41 20
Net Debt 5 as % of GDP 38 � 37 -3
People Below Poverty Level as % of Population 17 � 13 -26
Defense Spending as % of GDP 7 � 4 -33
% of Americans that Pay 50% of All Income Tax 10 6 � 4 -60
Federal Budget Surplus / Deficit as % of GDP -0.2 � -3 --
Note: 1) Includes all government and private spending. 2) Includes federal spending on Medicare, Medicaid and other healthcare programs, excludes state spending on Medicaid.
3) % of Americans receiving government subsidy include all recipients of Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, as well as government employees (incl. federal / state / local /
military). Data excludes our estimated duplicates. 4) A Gini index of 0 implies perfect income equality and an index of 1 implies complete inequality, the higher the index, the more
inequality there is. Earliest data for USA was measured in 1967. 5) Net debt is federal debt held by the public. 6) Earliest data available in 1980. Source: White House Office of
Management and Budget, Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Internal Revenue Service, Census Bureau.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
47
Summary: 40-Year USA, Inc. Trends*
� America is spending beyond its means, and the problem – with mounting
losses & increasing debt – is getting worse, not better
� Healthcare spending and obesity are rising dramatically.
� Education spending is growing slower than healthcare spending.
� Defense spending is declining on relative basis.
� More and more Americans are on the government payroll or receive
government subsidies for retirement income, medical care, housing, and
food.
� Inequality of income and wealth is rising, and fewer Americans pay income
taxes to support USA Inc.
� Government increasingly resorts to borrowing to fund rising spending
levels (primarily for entitlement programs)…
Note: *We chose a 40-year period from 1965 to 2005 to examine ‘normal’ levels of data points and trends. We did not
choose the most recent 40-year period (1969 to 2009) as USA was in deep recession in 2008 / 2009 and underwent
significant tax policy fluctuations in 1968 /1969 and subsequently many metrics (like individual income and corporate
profit as well as federal budget surplus / deficit and debt levels) were significantly off their ‘normal’ levels.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
48
What’s the Proper Level of This and That? What’s Normal?
We begin with the premise that for an enterprise (even a country
that can ‘print money’ and tax) to be sustainable, it cannot lose
money on an ongoing basis.
Successful businesses (and households) typically base their
expenses on their ability to generate present and future revenue
– in other words, they don’t spend unless they can pay.
We analyze the data and present scenarios and options for solving
the math and financial challenges facing USA Inc.
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USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts
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Income Statement Drilldown
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
53
Income Statement –
USA Inc. Shows -8% Median Net Margin Over 15 Years
USA Inc. Annual Net Income & Median Net Margin, F1996 – F2010
$400
40%
$0
0%
USA Inc. Net Income ($B)
-$400
-$800
-$1,200
Net Income ($B)
15-Year Median Net Margin (%)
-40%
-80%
-120%
Net Margin (%)
-$1,600
F1996 F1998 F2000 F2002 F2004 F2006 F2008 F2010
-160%
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Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
54
Income Statement –
F2010 USA Inc. Revenues + Expenses at a Glance
Corporate
Income Tax
$191B
F2010 Revenue =
$2.2 Trillion
Other
$208B
10%
9%
Individual
Income Tax
$899B
Non-Defense
Discretionary
$431B
Discretionary
One-Time Items
$152B
F2010 USA Inc. Expenses =
12%
$3.5 Trillion
Net Interest
Payment
$196B
6%
4%
20%
Entitlement
Programs
Social
Security
$707B
41%
20%
22%
Social
Insurance Tax
$865B
www.kpcb.com
40%
Defense
$694B
16%
Medicare +
Federal
Medicaid
$724B
Unemployment Insurance
+ Other Entitlements
$553B
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; *individual & corporate income taxes include capital gains taxes. Nondefense
discretionary includes federal spending on education, infrastructure, law enforcement, judiciary functions…
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
55
Income Statement –
USA Inc. Supported -60% Net Margin in F2010
USA Inc. Profit & Loss Statement, F1995 / F2000 / F2005 / F2010
F1995 … F2000 … F2005 … F2010 Comments
Revenue ($B) $1,352 $2,026 $2,154 $2,163 On average, revenue grew 3% Y/Y
Y/Y Growth -- 11% 15% 3% over past 15 years
Individual Income Taxes* $590 $1,005 $927 $899 Largest driver of revenue
% of Revenue 44% 50% 43% 42%
Social Insurance Taxes $484 $653 $794 $865 Payroll tax on Social Security +
% of Revenue 36% 32% 37% 40% Medicare
Corporate Income Taxes*
% of Revenue
$157
12%
$207
10%
$278
13%
$191
9%
Fluctuates significantly with
economic conditions
Other
% of Revenue
$120
9%
$161
8%
$154
7%
$208
10%
Includes estate & gift taxes / duties &
fees; relatively stable
Expense ($B) $1,516 $1,789 $2,472 $3,456 On average, expense grew 6% Y/Y
Y/Y Growth -- 5% 8% -2% over past 15 years
Entitlement / Mandatory
% of Expense
$788
52%
$937
52%
$1,295
52%
$1,984
57%
Significant increase owing to aging
population + rising healthcare cost
Non-Defense Discretionary
% of Expense
$223
15%
$335
19%
$497
20%
$431
12%
Includes education / law enforcement
/ transportation…
""One-Time"" Items
% of Expense
Defense
% of Expense
--
--
$272
18%
--
--
$294
16%
--
--
$495
20%
$152
4%
$694
20%
Includes discretionary spending on
TARP, GSEs, and economic stimulus
Significant increase owing to ongoing
War on Terror
Net Interest on Public Debt
% of Expense
$232
15%
$223
12%
$184
7%
$196
6%
Decreased owing to historic low
interest rates
Surplus / Deficit ($B) -$164 $237 -$318 -$1,293 USA Inc. median net margin
Net Margin (%) -12% 12% -15% -60% between 1995 & 2010 = -8%
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Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; *individual & corporate income taxes include capital gains taxes. Nondefense
discretionary includes federal spending on education, infrastructure, law enforcement, judiciary functions…
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 56
Income Statement – Excluding ‘Underfunded’ Medicare / Medicaid 1 + One-Time
Charges, USA Inc. Shows 4% Median Net Margin Over 15 Years
USA Inc. Annual Net Income & Median Net Margin
(Excluding Medicare / Medicaid & One-Time Charges), F1996 – F2010
$600
60%
$400
40%
USA Inc. Net Income ($B)
$200
$0
-$200
-$400
-$600
Net Income (ex. Medicare / Medicaid / One-Time Charges) ($B)
15-Year Median Net Margin (%)
20%
0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
Net Margin (%)
-$800
F1996 F1998 F2000 F2002 F2004 F2006 F2008 F2010
-80%
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Note: 1) Excludes both ‘dedicated’ revenue and spending for Medicare and Medicaid. USA federal fiscal year ends in
September. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
57
Income Statement: USA Inc. Profit & Loss Statement Is Solid, Excluding
‘Underfunded’ Medicare / Medicaid Revenue and Spending + One-Time Charges
USA Inc. Profit & Loss Statement (ex. Medicare / Medicaid / One-Time Expense), F1995 / F2000 / F2005 / F2010
F1995 … F2000 … F2005 … F2010 Comments
Revenue ($B) $1,256 $1,890 $1,988 $1,983
Y/Y Growth -- 11% 15% 4%
Individual Income Taxes* $590 $1,005 $927 $899
% of Revenue 47% 53% 47% 45%
Social Insurance Taxes (ex. Medicare) $388 $517 $628 $685
% of Revenue 31% 27% 32% 35%
Corporate Income Taxes* $157 $207 $278 $191
% of Revenue 13% 11% 14% 10%
Other $120 $161 $154 $208
% of Revenue 10% 9% 8% 10%
Expense ($B) $1,248 $1,474 $1,992 $2,580
Y/Y Growth 5% 8% 7%
Entitlement (ex. Medicare / Medicaid) $520 $622 $815 $1,259
% of Expense 42% 42% 41% 49%
Non-Defense Discretionary $223 $335 $497 $431
% of Expense 18% 23% 25% 17%
Defense $272 $294 $495 $694
% of Expense 22% 20% 25% 27%
Net Interest on Public Debt $232 $223 $184 $196
% of Expense 19% 15% 9% 8%
Surplus / Deficit ($B) $8 $416 -$4 -$597
Net Margin (%) 1% 22% 0% -30%
On average, revenue (ex. Medicare)
grew 3% Y/Y over past 15 years
Largest driver of core revenue
Payroll tax on Social Security
Fluctuates significantly with
economic conditions
Includes estate & gift taxes / duties &
fees; relatively stable
Expenses(ex. Medicare Medicaid)
grew 5% Y/Y over past 15 years
Significant increase owing to aging
population
Includes education / law enforcement
/ transportation…
Significant increase owing to ongoing
War on Terror
Decreased owing to historic low
interest rates
USA Inc. core operations were in
surplus 9 out of the past 15 years
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; *individual & corporate income taxes include capital gains taxes. Non-defense discretionary includes
federal spending on education, infrastructure, law enforcement, judiciary functions… Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
58
100-Year Review of USA Inc.’s Basic Income Statement
Including Revenue & Expense Drivers as Percent of GDP
… … … … … … … … … …
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 2009 2010
Revenue ($B) $0.7 $7 $4 $7 $41 $92 $193 $517 $1,032 $2,025 $2,524 $2,105 $2,163
% of GDP 2% 8% 4% 7% 15% 18% 19% 19% 18% 21% 18% 15% 15%
Individual Income Taxes -- $1 $1 $1 $16 $41 $90 $244 $467 $1,004 $1,146 $915 $899
% of GDP -- 1% 1% 1% 6% 8% 9% 9% 8% 10% 8% 6% 6%
Social Insurance Taxes -- -- -- $2 $4 $15 $45 $158 $380 $653 $900 $891 $865
% of GDP -- -- -- 2% 2% 3% 4% 6% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6%
Corporate Income Taxes -- -- $1 $1 $10 $21 $33 $65 $94 $207 $304 $138 $191
% of GDP -- -- 1% 1% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1%
Other* $0.7 $6 $3 $3 $10 $16 $24 $51 $92 $161 $174 $161 $208
% of GDP 2% 6% 3% 3% 4% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1%
Expense ($B) $0.7 $6 $3 $9 $43 $92 $196 $591 $1,253 $1,789 $2,983 $3,518 $3,456
% of GDP 2% 7% 4% 9% 16% 18% 19% 22% 22% 18% 21% 25% 24%
Defense $0.3 $2 $1 $2 $14 $48 $82 $134 $299 $294 $616 $661 $694
% of GDP 1% 3% 1% 2% 5% 9% 8% 5% 5% 3% 4% 5% 5%
Interest on the Debt $0 $1 $1 $1 $5 $7 $14 $53 $184 $223 $253 $187 $196
% of GDP 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1%
Social Security -- -- -- $0 $1 $12 $30 $119 $249 $409 $617 $683 $707
% of GDP -- -- -- 0% 0% 2% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5%
Healthcare -- -- -- $0 $0 $1 $12 $55 $156 $352 $671 $764 $821
% of GDP -- -- -- 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6%
Other** $0 $3 $2 $6 $23 $25 $57 $231 $365 $511 $825 $1,222 $1,039
% of GDP -- -- -- 6% 8% 5% 6% 8% 6% 5% 6% 9% 7%
Surplus / Deficit ($B) -$0 $0 $1 -$2 -$2 $0 -$3 -$74 -$221 $236 -$459 -$1,413 -$1,293
% of GDP 0% 0% 1% -2% -1% 0% 0% -3% -4% 2% -3% -10% -9%
Note: Data are not adjusted for inflation. *Other revenue includes customs and excise / estate taxes. **Other expenses include spending on law enforcement
/ education / public infrastructure / energy, etc. Source: 1910 – 1930 per Census Bureau, 1940-2010 per White House OMB.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
59
100-Year Review of USA Inc.’s Basic Income Statement
Including Revenue & Expense Drivers as Percent of Revenue & Expenses
… … … … … … … … … …
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 2009 2010
Revenue ($B) $0.7 $7 $4 $7 $41 $92 $193 $517 $1,032 $2,025 $2,524 $2,105 $2,163
% of GDP 2% 8% 4% 7% 15% 18% 19% 19% 18% 21% 18% 15% 15%
Individual Income Taxes -- $1 $1 $1 $16 $41 $90 $244 $467 $1,004 $1,146 $915 $899
% of Revenue -- 16% 28% 16% 38% 44% 47% 47% 45% 50% 45% 43% 42%
Social Insurance Taxes -- -- -- $2 $4 $15 $45 $158 $380 $653 $900 $891 $865
% of Revenue -- -- -- 25% 11% 16% 23% 31% 37% 32% 36% 42% 40%
Corporate Income Taxes -- -- $1 $1 $10 $21 $33 $65 $94 $207 $304 $138 $191
% of Revenue -- -- 31% 14% 26% 23% 17% 12% 9% 10% 12% 7% 9%
Other* $0.7 $6 $3 $3 $10 $16 $24 $51 $92 $161 $174 $161 $208
% of Revenue 100% 84% 72% 45% 25% 17% 13% 10% 9% 8% 7% 8% 10%
Expense ($B) $0.7 $6 $3 $9 $43 $92 $196 $591 $1,253 $1,789 $2,983 $3,518 $3,456
% of GDP 2% 7% 4% 9% 16% 18% 19% 22% 22% 18% 21% 25% 24%
Defense $0.3 $2 $1 $2 $14 $48 $82 $134 $299 $294 $616 $661 $694
% of Expense 45% 37% 25% 20% 32% 52% 42% 23% 24% 16% 21% 19% 20%
Interest on the Debt $0 $1 $1 $1 $5 $7 $14 $53 $184 $223 $253 $187 $196
% of Expense 3% 16% 20% 11% 11% 8% 7% 9% 15% 12% 8% 5% 6%
Social Security -- -- -- $0 $1 $12 $30 $119 $249 $409 $617 $683 $707
% of Expense -- -- -- 0% 2% 13% 15% 20% 20% 23% 21% 19% 20%
Healthcare -- -- -- $0 $0 $1 $12 $55 $156 $352 $671 $764 $821
% of Expense -- -- -- 1% 1% 1% 6% 9% 12% 20% 23% 22% 24%
Other** $0 $3 $2 $6 $23 $25 $57 $231 $365 $511 $825 $1,222 $1,039
% of Expense 52% 47% 55% 68% 54% 27% 29% 39% 29% 29% 28% 35% 30%
Surplus / Deficit ($B) -$0 $0 $1 -$2 -$2 $0 -$3 -$74 -$221 $236 -$459 -$1,413 -$1,293
% of GDP 0% 0% 1% -2% -1% 0% 0% -3% -4% 2% -3% -10% -9%
Note: Data are not adjusted for inflation. *Other revenue includes customs and excise / estate taxes. **Other expenses include spending on law enforcement /
education / public infrastructure / energy, etc. Source: 1910 – 1930 per Census Bureau, 1940-2010 per White House OMB.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
60
Conclusions: 100-Year Review of USA Inc. Income Statement
• America’s government has grown dramatically - USA Inc.’s revenue as percent of
GDP has risen from 2% to 15%. Individual / social insurance (Social Security +
Medicare) taxes have risen dramatically while customs / excise / estate taxes
have declined in relative importance. In addition, USA Inc.’s spending as percent
of GDP has risen to 24% in 2010, up from 3% average between 1790 and 1930.
• USA Inc.’s average operating income was at or near breakeven for most of the
periods from 1910 to 1970.
• In the 1970s, as healthcare expenses (related to Medicare and Medicaid) began
to surge, USA Inc. reported more frequent – and bigger – losses. Since 1970,
USA Inc. showed a profit just 4 times (F1998-F2001, when economic growth was
especially robust and defense spending was relatively low).
• General expense trends since 1970: non-defense discretionary spending has
been flattish (except in recessions with material one-time charges), healthcare
spending (largely Medicare + Medicaid) has risen materially, Social Security
spending has been flattish, defense spending has been down to flattish, and
interest payments varied with interest rates.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
61
Operations of USA Inc. Are Solid,
Excluding Medicare / Medicaid and One-Time Charges
� Revenues of USA Inc. (largely from individual and corporate income and
payroll taxes) can fund most expenses (largely spending on defense,
Social Security, unemployment insurance, education, law enforcement,
transportation, energy, infrastructure, federal employee & veteran
benefits, and interest payments).
In fact, for USA Inc.'s operations besides Medicare / Medicaid and
one-time expenses, there’s ample scope to increase spending for
defense, education, law enforcement, transportation, infrastructure
and energy by ~4%* in aggregate and still remain break-even.
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Note: *Excluding Medicare / Medicaid revenue & expenses, USA Inc.’s expenses are, on average, 4% below revenue levels
from F1996 to F2010 based on our calculation of White House OMB data.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
62
Defense Spending Is The Second-Largest Expense Item After
Entitlements, But Below Long-Term Trend as Share of GDP
• With budget deficits rising, some advocate cutting back on defense spending, the
second-largest expense item after entitlements.
• Defense spending has risen substantially in recent years, due to the wars in
Afghanistan and Iraq, and other costs related to the Global War on Terror. As a
percentage of GDP, however, defense spending in the U.S. remains below its 60-
year trend.
• On an inflation-adjusted basis, U.S. defense spending is at its highest level since
World War II. With overhead ~40% of all spending, the Defense Business Board
found DoD consistently pays “more for less” and fails to attack overhead as the
private sector would. 1
• The Esquire Commission to Balance the Federal Budget, a group of four former
Republican and Democratic senators, found over $300 billion 2 in defense
restructuring opportunities, and other analysts proposed gradual cuts to reduce
the defense budget by 14% by 2018. 3
Notes: 1) The Defense Business Board , “Reducing Overhead and Improving Business Operations, “July 2010, http://dbb.defense.gov; 2) see Esquire
Commission to Balance the Federal Budget, http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/federal-budget-statistics-1110.; 3) Gordon Adams and Matthew
Leatherman, “A Leaner and Meaner National Defense,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2011)
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
63
Defense Spending Has Risen,
Driven by Wars in Afghanistan + Iraq…
USA Inc. Inflation-Adjusted* Defense Spending by Type, F1948 - F2010
$800B
U.S. Inflation-Adjusted Defense Spending ($B)
$600B
$400B
$200B
Korean War
Vietnam War
Cold War
Gulf War
Afghanistan
/ Iraq
Other
RDT&E**
Procurement
Operations &
Maintenance
Personnel
$B
1948 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008
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Note: *Adjusted for inflation using GDP price index. **RDT&E is Research, Development, Test & Evaluation.
Source: White House OMB.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
64
…While Defense Spending Rose to 5% of GDP in F2010 &
Is Up from All-Time Historical Low of 3% in F1999
But It Is Still Well Below Post-World War II (1948-2000) Average of 7%
20%
USA Inc. Defense Spending as % of GDP, F1948 - F2010
U.S. Defense Spending as % of GDP
15%
10%
5%
1948-2000 Average = 7%
5%
0%
1948 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008
Source: White House OMB.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
65
$950 Billion = Cumulative Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan &
Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11/01 Attacks
Cumulative Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan & Global War on Terror
Operations of $950 Billion, as Percent of F2001-F2009 Spending:
4% of Total F2001-F2009 Federal Spending
� 22% of Total F2001-F2009 Defense Spending
� 28% of Total F2001-F2009 Federal Budget Deficit
Cumulative Cost of:
$685 Billion = War in Iraq
$231 Billion = War in Afghanistan
$34 Billion = Other Related Operations
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House OMB, Congressional Research Service, “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror
Operations Since 9/11,” 9/2/2010.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 66
While USA Inc. Ranks # 1 in Defense Spending…
$700
Top 25 Countries by 2009 Defense Spending, 2009
$600
$500
$400
$300
$200
$100
$-
Singapore
Iran
Taiwan
Colombia
Poland
Netherlands
UAE
Greece
Israel
Turkey
Spain
Australia
Canada
Brazil
South Korea
India
Italy
Saudi Arabia
Japan
Germany
Russia
France
UK
China
Defense Spending ($B)
USA
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data for North Korea unavailable.
Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
67
…USA Inc. Ranks # 6 in Defense Spending as Percent of GDP
10%
Top 25 Countries* by Defense Spending as Percent of GDP, 2009
Defense Spending as % of GDP
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
China
Taiwan
Turkey
Egypt
France
UK
Pakistan
India
Ukraine
Iran
South Korea
Algeria
Kuwait
Morocco
Chile
Russia
Greece
Colombia
Singapore
USA
Iraq
UAE
Israel
Oman
Saudi Arabia
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Note: *Ranking among countries with 2009 defense spending of $3 billion or higher; data for North Korea unavailable.
Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
68
While USA Inc. Ranks # 2 in Number of Troops…
2,500
Top 20 Countries by Active Number of Troops, 2008
2,000
Active Troops (000)
1,500
1,000
500
0
Saudi Arabia
France
Japan
Germany
Colombia
Syria
Indonesia
Thailand
Brazil
Egypt
Vietnam
Turkey
Iran
Pakistan
South Korea
Russia
North Korea
India
USA
China
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Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; Center for Strategic and International Studies, Business Monitor International.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
69
…USA Inc. Ranks # 21 in Number of Troops Per Capita
50
Top 25 Countries by Active Number of Troops per 1000 Citizen, 2008
Active Troops per 1000 Citizen
40
30
20
10
0
France
Pakistan
Malaysia
Croatia
USA
Kuwait
Thailand
Belarus
Russia
Vietnam
Colombia
Egypt
Iraq
Iran
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Libya
South Korea
Greece
Syria
Singapore
Jordan
Israel
North Korea
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Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; Center for Strategic and International Studies, Business Monitor International.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
70
Drill Down on USA Inc.
Entitlement + Interest + One-Time Expenses for F2010
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss excludes Trust
Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA is American Recovery &
Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
71
1
Drill Down on USA Inc.
Entitlement Spending for F2010
2
3
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
72
Entitlement Spending: Lacks Sufficient Dedicated Funding
� Entitlement programs were created with the best of intentions by
the Government. They serve many of the nation’s poorest, whose
struggles have been made worse by the financial crisis.
�
However, with the exception of Social Security (which was developed
with a pay-as-you-go funding plan and constructed to be legally flexible if
conditions change) and unemployment insurance (which was designed
to be flexible at State level), other entitlement plans (including Medicaid
and Medicare) were developed without sufficient dedicated funding.
Here we drill down on the funding trends for entitlement plans …
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
73
Entitlement Spending: Expenses Up 2x Over 15 Years
Annual Entitlement Spending Per Household = $16,600 per Year
USA Inc. Annual Entitlement Programs’ Total & Per-Household Expenses, F1995 – F2010
$2,400
$20,000
Entitlement Programs Annual Expenses ($B)
USA Inc. Entitlement Total Expenses ($B)
$2,000
$1,600
$1,200
$800
$400
Entitlement Expenses per Household ($)
$16,000
$12,000
$8,000
$4,000
Entitlement Expenses per Household ($)
$0
F1995 F1997 F1999 F2001 F2003 F2005 F2007 F2009
$0
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data are not adjusted for inflation. Entitlement programs include Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid,
unemployment benefits, food & nutrition assistance, housing assistance and other. USA federal fiscal year ends in
September; Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 74
Entitlement Spending: Expenses Up 169%
Over Past 15 Years, While Dedicated Funding Up Only 70%**
…
…
F1995 F2000 F2005 F2006 F2007 F2008 F2009 F2010
Entitlement Revenue ($B) $484 $653 $794 $838 $870 $900 $891 $865
Y/Y Growth -- 7% 8% 6% 4% 4% -1% -3%
Social Security $351 $481 $577 $608 $635 $658 $654 $632
% of Revenue 72% 74% 73% 73% 73% 73% 73% 73%
Medicare $96 $136 $166 $177 $185 $194 $191 $180
% of Revenue 20% 21% 21% 21% 21% 22% 21% 21%
Medicaid $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Unemployment Insurance $29 $28 $42 $43 $41 $40 $38 $45
% of Revenue 6% 4% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 5%
Other* $8 $9 $9 $9 $9 $9 $8 $8
% of Revenue 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
Entitlement Expense ($B) $788 $937 $1,295 $1,357 $1,462 $1,582 $1,834 $1,984
Y/Y Growth -- 5% 6% 5% 8% 8% 16% 8%
Social Security $336 $409 $523 $549 $586 $617 $683 $707
% of Expense 43% 44% 40% 40% 40% 39% 37% 36%
Medicare $160 $197 $299 $330 $375 $391 $430 $452
% of Expense 20% 21% 23% 24% 26% 25% 23% 23%
Medicaid $108 $118 $182 $181 $191 $201 $251 $273
% of Expense 14% 13% 14% 13% 13% 13% 14% 14%
Unemployment Benefits $24 $23 $35 $34 $35 $45 $123 $160
% of Expense 3% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% 7% 8%
Other* $161 $189 $256 $264 $275 $328 $347 $392
% of Expense 20% 20% 20% 19% 19% 21% 19% 20%
Entitlement Surplus / Deficit ($B) -$304 -$284 -$501 -$519 -$592 -$682 -$943 -$1,119
Net Margin (%) -63% -43% -63% -62% -68% -76% -106% -129%
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Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Medicaid is jointly funded by federal and state governments, and as a social welfare program (unlike a
social insurance program like Medicare), there is no dedicated trust fund. *Other expenses include family & other support assistance, earned income tax
credit, child tax credit and payments to states for foster care / adoption assistance. **We exclude Social Security & Medicare Part A trust funds interest
income as they are accounting gains rather than real revenue. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
75
Entitlement Spending: Observation About Social Security & Medicare
Part A Trust Fund – More Like Accounting Values Than Real Dollars
�
�
�
�
Social Security Trust Fund balance (accumulated annual surpluses + interest income) = $2.5 trillion as of
2009; Medicare Part A Trust Fund balance = $304 billion as of 2009. These surpluses were invested in a
special (non-marketable) series of U.S. Treasury securities, which were then used to finance budget deficits
in other parts of USA Inc. like Medicaid & Nutrition Assistance.
As a result, many observers have argued that Social Security and Medicare Part A Trust Funds’ balances
are no more than accounting gains on paper owing to: 1) no ‘real’ assets (such as tradable stocks / real
estates…) in these Trust Funds as the special U.S. Treasury securities are non-marketable and 2) the
Treasury Department needs to raise taxes / cut other programs’ spending / borrow more money in the future
to meet any withdrawal requests.
We think that for Social Security and Medicare Part A programs, their Trust Funds’ balances have legal
value as USA Inc. is legally obliged to repay the principal and interest on the Treasury securities held in
respective Trust Funds.
However, we think that these Trust Fund balances have NO economic value as these cumulative surpluses
have been spent by USA Inc. to reduce the borrowing need in the past. When Social Security & Medicare
begin net withdrawal from their Trust Funds (likely in 2017E), USA Inc.’s debt levels + interest payments
growth could accelerate, owing to the double whammy of: 1) loss of revenue source (previous surpluses)
and 2) additional Treasury redemption costs related to Trust Funds’ withdrawal requests.
�
Consequently, we exclude Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds’ balances and interest income
from our financial models and calculate their liabilities on a net basis.
Data source: Social Security Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services, CBO. Note: the economic value of Social Security Trust Fund is subject
www.kpcb.com
to debate, for a different perspective, refer to Peter Dimond and Peter Orszag, “Saving Social Security: A Balanced Approach,” p51 Box 3-5.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
76
Entitlement Spending: Non-Partisan CBO Advises Excluding Social Security /
Medicare Trust Funds’ Balances + Interest Income in Fiscal Analysis
� Trust funds can be useful mechanisms for monitoring the balance between
earmarked receipts and a program's spending, but they are basically an
accounting device, and their balances, even if ""invested"" in Treasury securities,
provide no resources to the government for meeting future funding commitments.
When those payments come due, the government must finance them in the
same way that it finances other commitments -- through taxes or borrowing from
the public. Thus, assessing the state of the federal government's future finances
requires measuring such commitments independently of their trust fund status or
the balance recorded in the funds.
� -- Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
� “Measures of the U.S. Government’s Fiscal Position Under Current Law,” 8/04
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
77
www.kpcb.com
Entitlement Spending: Funding Patterns of Some
Entitlement Programs Work Better than Others
Have Worked Relatively Well Financially:
• Social Security – Has operated at close to break-even - so far - thanks to sufficient payroll
tax income from a relatively large working-age population. In fact, Social Security has
worked so well, that its surplus net income has been used to finance other government
activities such as Medicaid.
• Unemployment Insurance – Has operated at close to break-even thanks to accumulated
net incomes during ‘good years’ (though expenses spiked to $123 billion / $160 billion in
2009 / 2010 from $45 billion in 2008 owing to recession).
Have Worked Relatively Poorly Financially:
• Medicaid – Has operated at an average annual loss of $160 billion with, in effect, an
average net margin of -100% over past 15 years; the annual dollar loss has risen from $108
billion to $273 billion because of rising healthcare costs and expanded enrollment.
• Medicare – Has operated at an average annual loss of $123 billion with, in effect, an
average net margin of -83% over past 15 years; the margin has fallen from -66% to -154%
(or -$64 billion in annual loss to -$272 billion) because of rising healthcare costs +
expanding coverage (added Part D prescription drug benefits through legislation in 2003,
rolled out in 2006).
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
78
Entitlement Spending: What The Programs Are and
How They Have Evolved
Social Security Act signed into law by
President Roosevelt. Created during the
height of the Great Depression, the Act
provides monetary support to retired
people from payroll taxes paid by current
workers and employers.
Medicare Part D signed
into law to provide
federal subsidies to
prescription drugs for
Medicare beneficiaries.
Medicare cash
flow (incl. Trust
Fund interest)
turned negative
(-$5 billion).
Social Security Trust Fund
cash flow = $766 million.
Social Security Trust Fund
balance started to decline.
1935 1937 1965 1975 1983 2003 2008 2010E
Unemployment Insurance
signed into law as part of
the Social Security Act,
setting up a joint federalstate
program (funded via
taxing employers) to
provide temporary
monetary support to laidoff
workers.
Medicare & Medicaid
created to provide
hospital & medical
insurance to elderly
& disabled.
Amendments to
Social Security Act
raising taxes to
shore up funding
for the Social
Security Trust
Fund.
Social Security
cash flow (ex.
Trust Fund
interest)
projected to
turn negative by
Congressional
Budget Office.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Social Security Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
79
Entitlement Spending: 76% Is Directed to Social Security +
Medicare + Medicaid
Dedicated Entitlement Revenue
Breakdown, F2010
Total = $0.87T
Entitlement Spending Breakdown,
F2010
Total = $1.98T
Unemployment
Insurance
5%
Medicare
21%
Other
Social
Security
$632B
73% of
Total
Housing Assistance
Food & Nutrition
Assistance
Unemployment
Benefits
8%
Medicaid
14%
Other
Medicare
23%
Social
Security
$707B
36% of
Total
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Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
80
Entitlement Spending: Observations from Previous Slide
� Entitlement revenue was $0.87 trillion, yet entitlement
spending was $1.98 trillion in F2010.
� Entitlement spending exceeded entitlement revenue by
129% in F2010.
� Social Security (ex. Trust Fund interest income) accounted
for 73% of dedicated entitlement revenue yet only 36% of
entitlement spending in F2010 while Medicare accounted for
21% of revenue and 23% of spending and Medicaid
accounted for 0% of revenue and 14% of spending.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
81
Entitlement Spending: Clarification On
‘Unfunded’ / ‘Net Responsibilities’…
� There is debate about the semantics of using words like unfunded / net
responsibilities to describe the financial status of entitlement programs like Social
Security, Medicare and Medicaid.
� ‘Unfunded’ – We define ‘unfunded’ liabilities for Social Security and Medicare as
the present value of future expenditures in excess of dedicated future revenue.
We call Social Security and Medicare ‘partially unfunded’ entitlement programs
as their future expenditures are projected to exceed dedicated future revenue.
� ‘Net Responsibilities’ – USA Inc. does not record these ‘unfunded’ financial
commitments as explicit liabilities on balance sheet, owing to Federal accounting
standards. 1
� USA Inc.’s Dept. of Treasury calls these commitments ‘net responsibilities’
or ‘net expenditures’ in its annual Financial Report of the U.S. Government.
� Medicaid – We view Medicaid as an ‘unfunded’ liability as there is no dedicated
revenue source to match expected expenses in our financial analysis. Medicaid
is jointly funded on a pay-as-you go basis by Federal and State general tax
revenue.
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) per Dept. of Treasury, “2004 Financial Report of the United States Government.”
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
82
…Entitlement Spending: Clarification On
‘Unfunded’ / ‘Net Responsibilities’
� Unless they are reduced, USA Inc.’s financial liabilities -- whether they are actual
debt or the present value of future promises, whether called ‘unfunded’ liabilities or
‘net responsibilities’ and whether funded by dedicated taxes or general revenue –
represent significant claims on USA Inc.’s future economic resources.
� To be sure, the projected unfunded liabilities are not the same as debt, because
Congress can change the laws that are behind those future promises. With a few
exceptions, however, over the past 60 years, lawmakers have acted to boost rather
than reduce them.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
83
Entitlement Spending: Social Security Funding Has Worked, So Far While
Medicare/Medicaid Are Underfunded by $5.6 Trillion Since Inception in 1965
Annual Net Income of Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid ($B)
$150
$100
$50
$0
-$50
-$100
-$150
-$200
-$250
Annual Real Net Income of Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid, 1940 – 2009
Social Security
Medicare (Part A / B / D)
Medicaid
Social Security Reform of 1983
Raised taxes by 2.3%
Reduced benefits by 5%
2003
Medicare Part D
(Prescription Drug
Benefits) Signed
into Law
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Note: Real net income are inflation-adjusted using White House OMB’s GDP price index (based on BEA’s data); calculated as total revenue (tax receipts,
excluding trust fund interest revenue) minus total expenditures; Medicare Part B / D and Medicaid do not have dedicated funding source. Source: Social
Security Administration, White House Office of Management and Budget.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
84
Entitlement Spending: Medicare & Medicaid Payments per Beneficiary
Have Risen Faster than Social Security Payments
Owing to Rising Healthcare Costs + Expanded Coverage
% Change from 1966
2500%
2000%
1500%
1000%
500%
0%
Percent Change in Real* Annual Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid
Payments per Beneficiary From 1966
Medicaid
Social Security
Medicare
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
1966-2009
CAGR
Medicare
+8%
Medicaid
+3%
Social Security
+2%
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Note: Data are inflation adjusted using White House OMB’s GDP price index (based on BEA’s data).
Source: Social Security Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
85
Entitlement Spending: Program Beneficiaries (Now 29%* of Population vs.
13%* in 1966) Have Grown Faster than Population
Owing to Aging Population + Expanded Eligibility
Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid Enrollment & as % of Total Population, 1966 - 2009
160
140
120
Social Security
Medicare
Medicaid
% of Total Population*
40%
30%
Total Enrollment (MM)
100
80
60
40
20%
10%
As % of Population
20
0
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
0%
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Note: *Excludes our estimated dual / triple enrollees in Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid. Source: Social Security
Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
86
Entitlement Spending: While Beneficiaries From Aging Population
Rose 2x From 1966 to 2009, Beneficiaries From Expanded Eligibility
(Low-Income / Disabled) Rose 10x
Combined Social Security + Medicare + Medicaid Enrollment
by Old Age Group vs. Expanded Eligibility Group, 1966 - 2009
Total Enrollment (MM)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
Expanded Eligibility (Low Income / Disabled)
Old Age
% of Total Population
40%
30%
20%
10%
As % of Population
20
0
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
0%
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Note: *Excludes our estimated dual / triple enrollees in Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid. Source: Social Security
Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
87
Entitlement Spending: Entitlement Program + Government Employee
Beneficiaries Are Now 36%* of Population vs. 20%* in 1966
200
Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid Enrollment + Government Employees
& as % of Total Population, 1966 - 2009
40%
Number of People in Entitlement
Programs + on Governemnt Payroll (MM)
160
120
80
40
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
As % of Population
0
0%
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Medicaid
Medicare
Social Security
Federal Government (ex. Military)
Military
State & Local Government
% of Total Population*
Note: *Excludes our estimated dual / triple enrollees in Social Security / Medicare / Medicaid. Source: Social Security
Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
88
Entitlement Spending per Beneficiary: Inflation-Adjusted Average Pre-Tax
Income from Entitlement Programs Has Gone Up 3x Since 1966
to $12K in 2008, or 15% of Average Pre-Tax Income
Inflation-Adjusted Pre-Tax Income from Entitlement Programs 1 per Beneficiary
& As % of Average Pre-Tax Income, 1966 - 2008
Annual Pre-Tax Income from Entitlement
Programs per Beneficiary ($ / year)
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Entitlement Income as % of Average Pre-Tax
Income
Average Pre-Tax Income from Entitlement Programs
As % of Total Pre-Tax Income
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Note: 1) Entitlement Income calculated as Government Social Benefits to persons less Veterans benefits.
Source: Social Security Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
89
Entitlement Spending: Rising Entitlement Income Is
Highly Correlated (82%) with Falling Personal Savings
24%
Personal Savings vs. Entitlement 1 Income
as % of Average Disposable Income, 1970 - 2010
Savings as % of Average Disposable Income
Entitlement Income / Personal Savings
as % of Disposable Income
20%
16%
12%
8%
4%
Entitlement / Welfare Income as % of Average Disposable Income
1970 - 2010
Correlation: -82%
0%
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
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Note: 1) Entitlement Income calculated as Government social benefits to persons in the NIPA
series Table 2.1. Savings rate is the amount of money saved divided by income after taxes.
Sources: BEA
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 90
Entitlement Spending: Observation from Previous Slide
� Clearly, lower interest rates have allowed Americans to
borrow more and save less. But given the high correlation
between rising entitlement income for beneficiaries and
declining savings rates, one might also wonder if Americans
feel less compelled to save money as they feel that they can
depend on the government to give them money.
Note: Savings rate is the amount of money saved divided by income after taxes.
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
91
Entitlement Spending: Social Security Now Provides
37% of an Average Retiree’s Income, Up From 31% in 1962
Sources of Retirement Income for Average Americans, 1962 - 2008
50%
40%
Personal
Earnings*
% Total Pension
30%
20%
10%
Social
Security
Pensions +
IRAs +
401(k)s**
0%
1962 1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004
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Note: *Personal earnings include income from investment & assets + salaries; ** occupational pensions include regular payments from private
pensions, government employee pensions, IRAs, 401(k)s. Source: Social Security Administration Office of Retirement and Disability Policy
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
92
Next, We Drill Down on Entitlement Programs…
• We begin with the programs with the least sound
financials (Medicaid and Medicare) and end with the
programs with the most sound financials
(Unemployment Insurance and Social Security), as of
today.
• We then move to a drilldown of rising healthcare costs
after the Medicaid and Medicare drilldowns.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
93
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
94
Medicaid: Facing Accelerating Cash Flow Deficits
� Social Welfare Program – Created in 1965 to provide health insurance to low-income
population (2% of Americans under coverage then and 16% now*).
� No Dedicated Funding – Federal funding comes from general revenue (all forms of tax
receipts).
� Ever-Growing Expenses – $273 billion in F2010, up 2x from 10 years ago.
� Rising Healthcare Costs – Owing to aging population + unhealthy life styles +
technology advances.
�
�
Growing Beneficiary + Benefits – Covered beneficiaries expanded beyond lowincome
group in 1980s to include additional groups (like individuals who have high
medical expenses and have spent down their assets, and some of those who lost
their employer-sponsored healthcare insurance coverage in recession), while
covered benefits expanded to include prescription drugs / dental services. Total
expenditures on these new groups and benefits represented ~60% of Medicaid
program’s spending in 2001, per Kaiser Family Foundation estimates. See
slide 319-322 for more details.
Moral Hazard – As a “free good,” Medicaid reduced demand for private long-term
insurance 1 while regulation loopholes + need-based benefit policies created
incentives to abuse the Medicaid reimbursement system.
Note: 1) for more information, please see Jeffrey Brown and Amy Finkelstein, “The Interaction of Public and Private Insurance: Medicaid and the Long-Term
Care Insurance Market,” 2006. *Medicaid enrollment was 4MM (population 196MM) in 1966 and 50MM (population 305MM) in 2009. Source: National Center
for Health Statistics, Kaiser Family Foundation, World Bank, Social Security Administration.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 95
Medicaid: Underfunded by $3.7 Trillion Over 45 Years,
With No Dedicated Funding
$0
USA Federal Real Medicaid Expenses & NPV of Liabilities, F1966 – F2010
$0
USA Inc. Medicaid Net Income ($B)
-$50
-$100
-$150
-$200
-$250
Real Medicaid Expenses
Net Present Value of Medicaid Liabilities
-$5
-$10
-$15
-$20
-$25
-$30
-$35
Net Present Value of Medicaid Liabilities ($T)
-$300
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Data are inflation adjusted. Calculation of net present value of liability based on 75-year Medicaid spending
projections from CBO, assuming a 3% discount rate (long-run average of real 10-yr treasury yields). Source: White House Office of Management and Budget,
Congressional Budget Office.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 96
-$40
Medicaid: Enrollment Is Up 12x to 49 Million While Annual Payments per
Beneficiary Are Up 4x to $5K From 1966 to 2009
Real Annual Medicaid Payments per Beneficiary & Enrollment, 1966 - 2009
$5,000
50
$4,500
Enrollment
Payments per Beneficiary ($/year)
$4,000
$3,500
$3,000
$2,500
$2,000
$1,500
$1,000
Annual Benefits per Enrollee
40
30
20
10
Enrollment (MM)
$500
$0
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
0
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data are inflation adjusted. Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
97
Medicaid: Observations
� 49 million (26MM low-income children / 12MM low-income adults / 7MM
disabled / 4MM elderly) Americans (16% of population) received an
average of $4,684 in tax-payer funded payments from the federal
government for healthcare in 2009. For context, $6,872 in healthcare
benefits is 13% of average annual per-capita income for Americans.
� When Medicaid was created in 1965 to provide health insurance to lowincome
Americans, 1 in 50 Americans received Medicaid, now 1 in 6
Americans receives Medicaid.
� That said, Medicaid is an important benefit for recipients as it provides
access to healthcare for low-income adults and their children. In recent
years, Medicaid beneficiaries and benefit payments have risen faster than
population and per-capita income growth owing to expanded coverage,
economic difficulties and associated sluggish wage growth for low- and
lower-middle-income families, and continued healthcare cost inflation.
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data are inflation adjusted. Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
98
Medicaid: While We Focus on Federal Government Dynamics, It’s Notable
that State Government Medicaid Funding Also Faces Significant Challenges
�
�
Medicaid = Major and Growing Expense Line Item for State Governments
�
�
�
Medicaid funding responsibility is shared between federal & state governments. States with higher
per-capita income (like New York) pay ~50% of total Medicaid cost while states with lower per-capita
income (like Mississippi) pay ~22%.
On average, Medicaid accounted for 21% of total state spending in F2009 (ranging from Missouri at
35% to Alaska at 8%). Enrollment growth has been accelerating, in part, owing to more people losing
employer-sponsored health insurance in the recession, and thus overall Medicaid costs jumped ~11%
Y/Y from October, 2009 to June, 2010.
State governments (which unlike the federal government must balance their annual budgets) cannot
pay for such elevated levels of Medicaid and maintain normal spending levels for other services (like
education and public safety).
Enter the Federal Government
�
ARRA (2009 economic stimulus) provided ~$100 billion in support for the states to pay for elevated
levels of Medicaid costs and to avoid large budget cuts in education and public safety. This went a
long way toward holding down the states’ contribution, but it is a one-time unsustainable fix.
� Federal Support May Be Expiring by June, 2011
�
If no action is taken, the Medicaid-related cost burden on the states will rise dramatically in coming
years. As a result, many states are on the verge of implementing Medicaid cost containment plans
that include cuts in doctor payments, benefit limitations, higher patient co-payments, etc. Moreover,
many states are fearful that the recently enacted healthcare reform will lead to additional Medicaidrelated
costs when it goes into full effect in 2014.
www.kpcb.com
Data Source: National Conference of State Legislatures, “State Budget Update: July 2009.”
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
99
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 100
Medicare: Complex Social Insurance Program
With Insufficient Funding
� Social Insurance Program – Created in 1965 to provide health insurance to the elderly (65+).
� Four Parts – A) Hospital Insurance (to cover inpatient expenses, introduced in 1965); B)
Medical Insurance (optional outpatient expenses, 1965); C) Medicare Advantage Plans
(private alternative to A&B, 1997) and D) Prescription Drug Coverage (enacted 2003).
� Funding Mechanism Varies
� Part A has dedicated funding via payroll taxes (2.9% of total payroll), though has been
running at an annual deficit since 2008 as related payments exceed taxes; Trust Fund is
expected to be depleted by 2017E, per Social Security Administration.
� Part B & D has no dedicated funding (75% of funding came from government allocation /
25% came from enrollees’ premium payments).
� Part C funding came Part A & Part B.
� Ever-Growing Expenses – $452 billion expenses in F2010, up 2x from 10 years ago
� Rising Healthcare Costs – Owing to aging population + unhealthy life styles + technology
advances.
� Moral Hazard – As a “free good,” Medicare reduced demand for private long-term
insurance 1 while loopholes in the regulations + need-based benefit policies created
incentives to abuse the system.
Note: 1) for more information, please see Jeffrey Brown and Amy Finkelstein, “The Interaction of Public and Private Insurance: Medicaid and the Long-Term
Care Insurance Market,” 2006. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Kaiser Family Foundation, World Bank, Social Security Administration.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 101
Medicare: Underfunded by $1.9 Trillion Over 45 Years
USA Inc. Real Annual Medicare Revenue & Expenses, 1966 – 2009
$300
$200
Medicare Revenue / Expenses ($B)
$100
$0
-$100
-$200
-$300
-$400
Medicare Part B / D Expenditure
Medicare Part A Expenditure
Medicare Part A Tax Receipts
Total Medicare Net Income
-$500
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Note: Medicare Part A (hospital insurance) has dedicated trust fund while Part B (medical insurance) and Part D (prescription
drug benefits) do not have dedicated funding. Data are inflation adjusted. Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services..
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 102
Medicare: Enrollment Up 2x to 46 Million While Annual Payments per
Beneficiary Up 26x to $8,325 From 1966 to 2009
Real Annual Medicare Payments per Beneficiary & Enrollment, 1966 – 2009
$10,000
50
Medicare Payments per Beneficiary ($/year)
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
Enrollment
Annual Per Cap Benefits (in 2005 dollars)
40
30
20
10
Enrollment (MM)
$0
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
0
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data are inflation adjusted using BEA’s GDP price index. Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
103
Medicare: Observations
� 46 million elderly Americans (15% of population) received an average
of $8,325 in tax-payer funded payments for healthcare in 2009 ($5,079
for hospital care; $3,246 for medical insurance & prescription drugs).
� On the surface, $8,325 in free healthcare benefits every year certainly
seems like a high number – 23% of annual per-capita income –
(although working Medicare recipients do pay Medicare taxes).
� As with employer-sponsored health insurance plans, if people, in effect, get
a free benefit (with little personal financial commitment), they may not be
especially diligent and frugal about how they ‘spend’ it. The same concept
extends beyond healthcare recipients to the healthcare providers.*
� When Medicare was created in 1965 to provide health insurance to elderly
Americans, 1 in 10 Americans received Medicare, now 1 in 7 Americans receives
Medicare…above the initial ‘plan.’
www.kpcb.com
Note: *The issue that people overuse services for which they do not have personal financial commitment applies to most
private insurance as well. For a more detailed discussion, see slide 293. Data are inflation adjusted using BEA’s GDP price
index. Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 104
Total Government* Healthcare Spending Increases are Staggering –
Up 7x as % of GDP Over Five Decades vs. Education Spending, Only Up 0.6x
8%
USA Total Government Healthcare vs. Education Spending as % of GDP, 1960 – 2009
8.2%
Spending as % of GDP
6%
4%
2%
1.2%
Total Government (Federal + State + Local) Spending on Healthcare
Total Government (Federal + State + Local) Spending on Education
0%
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Total government spending on healthcare includes Medicare, Medicaid and other programs such as federal
employee and veteran health benefits; total government spending on education includes spending on pre-primary through
tertiary education programs. Source: Dept. of Education, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
105
Since Their Creation in 1965, Medicare + Medicaid Have Grown
to 35% of Total USA, Inc. Healthcare Spending in 2008 from 0%
USA Total Healthcare Spending by Funding Source, 1960 vs. 2009
Other Private Funds
Consumer
Out-of-pocket
Payments
1960
Total Healthcare
Spending = $187B*
47%
7%
Other Government
Funds**
25%
21%
Private Health
Insurance
Consumer
Out-of-pocket
Payments
Private Health
Insurance
Other Private Funds
2009
Total Healthcare
Spending = $2.5T*
12%
32%
8%
20%
13%
Medicare
15%
Medicaid
(Federal
+ State +
Local)
Other Government
Funds**
Note: *Adjusted for inflation, in 2005 dollars. ** Other government funds include those from Dept. of Defense, Veterans’ Administration and federal funding
for healthcare research and public health activities. Source: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 106
Think About That…
� Total government spending on healthcare (including Medicare, Medicaid and
other programs) has risen 7x from 1.2% of GDP in 1960 to 8.2% in 2009 while
total government spending on education has risen only 0.6x from 4% of GDP in
1960 to 6% in 2009.
� Medicare and Medicaid, which did not exist in 1960, rose to 35% of total healthcare
spending in 2009, while out-of-pocket spending declined to 12% of total healthcare
spending in 2009 (or $894 per person per year*), down from 47% in 1960 (or $478
per person*).
� Lifetime healthcare costs for the average American are $631,000, of which the
government pays for an estimated 48% while private insurers (like UnitedHealth and
Blue Cross Blue Shield) pay 32% and consumers pay just 12%.
� When citizens don’t need to pay directly for something (like healthcare) and are given
an expensive good / service for free (or well below cost), they tend to consume more
of it – it’s basic supply and demand economics.
� This approach faces increasing challenges as USA, Inc. has gone deeper and
deeper in debt to pay for it…
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Adjusted for inflation, in 2005 dollars. Nominal amount would be $972 out-of-pocket healthcare spending per person in
2008 and $70 per person in 1960. Source: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 107
USA Healthcare Spending Is Higher Than All Other OECD Countries Combined
(with 35% of Other OECD Countries’ Combined Population)
Total Health Spending ($B)
$2,000
$1,500
$1,000
$500
$0
Total Expenditure* on Health Among OECD Countries, 2007
Public Private
USA Spending on Healthcare in 2007 = $2.2T
All Other OECD Countries’ Combined Spending = $2.2T
Iceland
Luxembourg
Slovak Republic
New Zealand
Ireland
Finland
Hungary
Czech Republic
Denmark
Norway
Portugal
Greece
Sweden
Austria
Switzerland
Belgium
Poland
Turkey
Netherlands
Australia
Korea
Mexico
OECD average
Spain
Canada
Italy
UK
France
Germany
Japan
USA
Note: OECD data adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. *Total expenditure on health measures the final consumption of health goods and services (i.e., current
health expenditure) plus capital investment in healthcare infrastructure. This includes spending by both public and private sources (including households) on medical
services and goods, public health and prevention programs, and administration. Excluded are health-related expenditures such as training, research, and
environmental health. Source: OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development is an international organization of 31 developed and emerging
countries with a shared commitment to democracy and the market economy.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 108

USA Per Capita Spending on Healthcare =
3x OECD Average
Annual Per Capita Health Spending ($)
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
Annual Per Capita Expenditure* on Health Among OECD Countries, 2007
Public
Private
Turkey
Mexico
Poland
Hungary
Slovak Republic
Korea
Czech Republic
Portugal
New Zealand
Japan
Greece
Spain
Italy
OECD average
Finland
UK
Ireland
Belgium
Iceland
Sweden
Australia
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
France
Austria
Canada
Switzerland
Norway
Luxembourg
USA
Note: OECD data adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. *Total expenditure on health measures the final consumption of health goods and services (i.e.,
current health expenditure) plus capital investment in healthcare infrastructure. This includes spending by both public and private sources (including
households) on medical services and goods, public health and prevention programs, and administration. Excluded are health-related expenditures such as
training, research, and environmental health. Source: OECD.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 109
USA Spending on Healthcare as % of GDP =
2x OECD Average
Total Health Spending as % of GDP
16%
12%
8%
4%
0%
Total Healthcare Spending as % of GDP Health Among OECD Countries, 2007
Public
Private
Turkey
Mexico
Korea
Poland
Czech
Luxembourg
Hungary
Ireland
Slovak
Japan
Finland
UK
Spain
Italy
OECD
Australia
Norway
Netherlands
New
Sweden
Iceland
Greece
Denmark
Belgium
Portugal
Canada
Austria
Germany
Switzerland
France
USA
Note: OECD data adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. *Total expenditure on health measures the final consumption of health goods and services (i.e., current
health expenditure) plus capital investment in healthcare infrastructure. This includes spending by both public and private sources (including households) on
medical services and goods, public health and prevention programs, and administration. Excluded are health-related expenditures such as training, research, and
environmental health. Source: OECD.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 110

USA Spending on Healthcare IS NOT Performance-Based
and IS NOT Correlated to Longer Life Expectancy
85
Healthcare Spending per capita vs. Average Life Expectancy Among OECD Countries, 2007
Average Life Expectancy at Birth (Years)
80
75
Mexico
S. Korea
Hungary
Japan
UK
Linear Trend line (ex. USA)
�
USA
70
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Total Expenditure on Health per capita, $US (PPP Adj.)
www.kpcb.com
Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
111
In Addition to Life Expectancy, USA Falls Behind
OECD Averages in Many Other Health Indicators
2007 Health Indicators
USA
OECD
Median
USA Ranking
(1 = Best, 30 = Worst)
RED = Below Average
Obesity (% of total population) 34 15 30
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) 7 4 27
Medical Resources Available (per 1,000 population)
Total Hospital Beds 3 6 25
Practicing Physicians 2 3 22
Doctors’ Consultations per Year 4 6 19
MRI Machines* (per million population) 26 9 1
Cause of Death (per 100,000 population)
Heart Attack 216 178 22
Respiratory Diseases 60 45 21
Diabetes 20 12 20
Cancer 158 159 14
Stroke 33 45 8
www.kpcb.com
Note: *MRI is Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 112
Think About That…
� USA per capita healthcare spending is 3x OECD average, yet the
average life expectancy and a variety of health indicators in the US
fall below average.
� But if you spend way more than everyone else, shouldn’t your
results (a.k.a. ‘performance’) be better than everyone else’s, or at
least near the top?
� Should you examine sources of waste/inefficiency given lower
output despite greater input?
� Definition of ‘Performance’ = Amount of useful work accomplished
given certain amount of time and resources.
� Definition of ‘Efficient’ = Obtains maximum benefit from a given
level of input of cost, time, or effort.
www.kpcb.com
Note: OECD data adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. * Lifetime healthcare costs = life expectancy (years) x per capita
healthcare spending ($ per year, 2006). Source: OECD, US Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
113
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
PPACA – America’s new healthcare reform legislation, signed into law on
3/23/10 – creates some reason for concern that it could become an
unfunded entitlement.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 114
PPACA: A Detailed Drilldown into Costs of Recent Healthcare Reform Is Key
as it May Increase Budget Deficit…
� Congressional Budget Office expects Reform to lower the deficit by $143
billion during 2010-19
�
Gross cost of $938 billion for expanded coverage, per CBO.
� Less: $511 billion in spending cuts from lower Medicare reimbursement rate + $420
billion in tax revenues (excl. excise tax) from higher payroll tax rates on high-income
families and indoor tanning services + $149 billion in penalty payments by
employers/individuals and excise tax on “Cadillac” insurance plans with annual cost
exceeding $10,000 for individual / $28,000 for families.
Source: CBO.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
115
� Issues With Official Cost Estimates to Consider
�
�
�
�
Deficit neutral status somewhat reliant on future lawmakers’ willingness to implement Medicare
savings/reimbursement reductions:
� Reductions in payment rates for many types of Healthcare providers relative to the rates that
would have been paid under prior law (always a politically difficult decision).
� However the good news is that recommendations from the Independent Payment Advisory
Board focused on reducing growth in per capita Medicare spending if it exceeds target
automatically become the law without congressional intervention if Congress allows IPAB to
operate as planned.
CBO estimates the effects of proposals as written: CBO acknowledges that it is unclear whether
reform can actually reduce the annual growth rate in Medicare spending from 4% (historical
average) to 2% for the next two decades, as PPACA estimates assume.
Relies on excise taxes on sectors of the healthcare industry that could be passed through to
consumers via price increases.
Starting in 2018, assumes taxation of high premium employment-based health insurance plans.
� Opportunities For Cost Savings to Consider
�
�
Increased access to preventative care could potentially slow down overall healthcare cost growth.
Such potential effect is not captured in CBO scoring.
Investments in information technology and new provider & consumer incentives can drive better
and more efficient care.
www.kpcb.com
PPACA –
Verdict Is Still Out on Eventual Costs / Deficit Impact
Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 116
PPACA –
There Is Potential for ‘Unintended’ Consequences
� The new law changes some system incentives, which may lead to new behavior
patterns, many of which are complex and hard to predict.
� The market may adapt to new MLR (Medical Loss Ratio) rules that incentivize
and reward a very specific (but ultimately arbitrary) cost structure.
� The cost/benefit analysis for employers and consumers may change, and
some may opt to re-evaluate their current employer-sponsored coverage
offerings.
� Health plans that are no longer economically viable may exit markets, potentially
adding to the uninsured problem prior to 2014.
� Likely acceleration in consolidation of payers as well as providers.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Doug Simpson, Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
117
Historical Anecdote – “An Accurate Economic Forecast Might Have
Sunk Medicare & Medicaid [in 1965]”
• In 1965, the official estimate of Medicare’s costs was $500 million per year,
roughly $3 billion in 2005 dollars.*
• The actual cost of Medicare has turned out to be 10x that estimate.
• Medicare’s actual net loss (tax receipts + trust fund interest – expenditures)
has exceeded $3 billion (adjusted for inflation) every year since 1976 and
was $146 billion in 2008 alone. In other words, had the original estimate been
accurate, the cumulative 43-year cost since Medicare was created would
have been $129 billion, adjusted for inflation.
• In fact, the actual cumulative spending has been $1.4 trillion** (adjusted for
inflation)...in effect, 10x over budget.
• While calculations have been flawed from the beginning for some of USA Inc.’s
entitlement programs, little has been done to correct the problems.
� An accurate economic forecast might have sunk Medicare.
David Blumenthal and James Morone
“The Lessons of Success – Revisiting the Medicare Story”, November 2008
www.kpcb.com
Sources: * Lyndon B. Johnson Library & Museum. Medicare spending data per White House OMB.
**Dept. of Health & Human Services, CMS, data adjusted for inflation based on BEA’s GDP price index.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 118
If History is a Guide, There is Potential for Estimates to Understate
Eventual Costs – Medicare Is 10x Higher Than Spending Forecast
120
Actual vs. Estimated Spending on Medicare
In reality, total
spending
increased 61.1x
Annual Medicare Spending ($MM adjusted for
inflation)
100
80
60
40
20
In the first year of
Medicare, total
spending was
$1.8bn
In 1967, the House
Ways & Means
Committee estimated
spending would
increase 6.7x by 1990
$12B
$110B
0
www.kpcb.com
$2B
1966A 1990E (in 1967) 1990A
Source: Senate Joint Economic Committee Report, 7/31/09
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
119
However, More Recent Healthcare Entitlement Such as Medicare
part D Has Cost Less Than Expected
� Medicare Part D (the 2006 outpatient drug benefit for seniors) was projected to
cost $111 billion annually.
� In 2009, Medicare Part D’s actual cost = $61 billion, 45% below projection.
� The government originally projected 43 million beneficiaries in 2009, but only 33
million seniors (23% below projection) elected to participate in 2009.
� Medicare Part D was outsourced to the private sector, and seniors elected to
enroll in plans operated primarily by managed care organizations, which utilize a
variety of techniques to reduce costs and improve the quality of care.
� The Washington Times stated on August 16 th 2010 – ""The lower cost - a result of
slowing demand for prescription drugs, higher use of generic drugs and fewer
people signing up - has surprised even some of the law's most pessimistic
critics.""
� The Part D experience has given some observers hope that PPACA will not cost
more than anticipated.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 120
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 121
Unemployment Benefits: Long-Term Break-Even,
Though Prone to Cyclicality
� Social Insurance Program – Created in 1935 as part of the Social Security Act
to provide temporary financial assistance to eligible workers who are
unemployed through no fault of their own (via layoffs or natural disasters).
� Funded via Taxing Employers – Employers pay federal government 0.8% of
payroll (in addition to various levels of state unemployment insurance taxes) to
fund the Federal Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund.
� Funding = Pro-Cyclical – Rising employment increases revenue and reduces
benefit payments, generally leading to surpluses, while falling employment
reduces revenue and increases benefits payments, leading to periodically large
deficits during recessions.
� Flexible at the State Level by Design – State governments set policies on
unemployment benefit eligibility / duration / tax levels, while federal government
provide financial and legal oversight.
� Generally Break-Even – In 29 of the past 49 years, Federal unemployment
insurance programs have had surpluses. Excluding the 2009 / 2010 loss,
unemployment insurance had a cumulative surplus of $53 billion from 1962 to
2008.
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House OMB.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 122
Unemployment Benefits: Solid, Though Cyclical, Funding
But Underfunded by $150B Over 49 Years Owing to -$115B* Deficits in 2010
USA Inc. Real Annual Unemployment Insurance Revenue & Expenses, F1962 – F2010
$70
Unemployment Insurance Revenue / Expenses ($B)
$20
-$30
-$80
-$130
Unemployment Insurance Expenses
Unemployment Insurance Revenue
Unemployment Insurance Net Income
-$180
1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; *all data inflation-adjusted, based on 2005 dollars.
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
123
Unemployment Benefits: In the Past, Benefits Paid
Have High (70%) Correlation to Unemployment Rate
Real Unemployment Benefits ($B)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Real Unemployment Benefits & Unemployment Rates, 1962 – 2010
Real Unemployment Benefits
Unemployment Rate
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
Unemployment Rates (%)
0
1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
0%
www.kpcb.com
Note: Fiscal year ends in September. Source: White House Office of Management & Budget, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 124
Unemployment Benefits: Good News—Unemployment Change In the Past
Has Strong (71%) Inverse Correlation with Real GDP Change, so Economic
Growth Should Reduce Unemployment
Q/Q Unemployment Rate Change & Real GDP Change, CQ1:48 – CQ4:10
-20%
200%
Quarterly Unemployment Change
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
Quarterly Unemployment Rate Change
Quarterly Real GDP Change (Inverse Scale)
20%
1Q48 1Q53 1Q58 1Q63 1Q68 1Q73 1Q78 1Q83 1Q88 1Q93 1Q98 1Q03 1Q08
150%
100%
50%
0%
-50%
-100%
-150%
Quarterly Real GDP Change (Inverse Scale)
www.kpcb.com
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
125
Unemployment Benefits: Bad News—Newly Extended Unemployment Benefits
Could Cost USA Inc. $34 Billion in Next Two Years
Net Cost of Extended Unemployment Benefits to Federal Government, F2010-2011E
$30,000
Cost of Extended Unemployment Benefits ($MM)
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
$9B
F2010E
$25B
F2011E
www.kpcb.com
Note: Net cost of the Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2010 is expected to decline substantially in F2012E
because the deadline to file for extended unemployment benefits expires in November 2010 and federal extended
unemployment insurance provides benefits for up to 99 weeks (less than two years). Source: Congressional Budget Office, 7/10.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 126
Unemployment Benefits: Bad News—Structural Problems in Labor Force
Could Lead to Prolonged Duration/Increased Rate of Unemployment
� Structural Problems in USA Labor Force
� Healthcare costs may be a barrier to hiring for employers
� Healthcare benefits = 8% of average total employee compensation; grew at
6.9% CAGR from 1998 to 2008 compared with 4.5% CAGR in salaries.
� Healthcare benefits are fixed costs as they are paid on an annual per-worker
basis and do not vary with hours worked.
� As employers try to lower fixed costs to right-size to their reduced revenue
levels, layoffs are the only way to reduce fixed healthcare costs.
� Skills mismatch may be a barrier to hiring for employers
� A large portion of the long-term unemployed may lack requisite skills.
� 14% of firms reported difficulty filling positions due to the lack of suitable talent,
per 5/10 Manpower Research survey.
� Labor immobility resulting from the housing bust may be a barrier to hiring
� One in four homeowners are “trapped” because they owe more than their
houses are worth, so they cannot move to take another job – until they sell or
walk away.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Richard Berner, “Why is US Employment So Weak” (7/23/10), Morgan Stanley Research.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
127
Unemployment Benefits: Bad News
Although economists have shown that extended availability of UI
[unemployment insurance] benefits will increase unemployment duration, the
effect in the latest downturn appears quite small compared with other
determinants of the unemployment rate. Our analyses suggest that extended
UI benefits account for about 0.4 percentage point of the nearly 6 percentage
point increase in the national unemployment rate over the past few years. It is
not surprising that the disincentive effects of UI would loom small in the midst
of the most severe labor market downturn since the Great Depression.
Despite the relatively minor influence of extended UI, it is important to note that
the 0.4 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate represents about
600,000 potential workers who could become virtually unemployable if their
reliance on UI benefits were to continue indefinitely.
Rob Valletta and Katherine Kuang, Federal Reserve Board of San Francisco
“Extended Unemployment and UI Benefits,” April 19, 2010.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 128
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 129
Social Security: In Good Shape Now, Yet Challenged in Future
by Aging Population
� Social Insurance Program Created in 1935 – During height of the Great
Depression to help elderly (65+*) and disabled people avoid poverty.
� Pay-as-You-Go Funding – Social Security taxes deducted from current payrolls
to pay out to current eligible recipients of Social Security.
� For Most of its 8 Decades (1935-1970; 1985 - 2009), Annual Social Security
Payments Have Been Funded by Annual Social Security Taxes – However,
based on estimates from Congressional Budget Office (CBO), beginning in 2016
(or earlier), Social Security will begin running an annual deficit as payments
exceed taxes (at unchanged flat tax rate of 12.4% 1 of annual gross wages) – this
is a problem!
� Social Security Has Been Struck by Annual Deficit Crisis Before – From
1975 to 1981, Social Security expenses exceeded revenue every year, which
caused a 45% reduction in the Social Security Trust Fund balance. Legislation
recommended by the Greenspan Commission in 1983 reduced average benefits
by ~5% 2 and raised social insurance tax rates for individuals by ~2.3%. 3 But the
Greenspan Commission fix will run out soon as Social Security turns to operating
loss in 2016.
Note: *Early retirees (62+) could receive partial benefits between 62 and 65. 1) 6.2% taxes paid by employees and matched by employers on gross wages up to
but not exceeding the Social Security wage base of ~$100K; 2) total benefit cuts included $27B savings from benefit taxation for the wealthy and $66B savings
from delay in cost of living adjustments over 1984-1989; 3) average increase in entitlement payroll tax rates between 1982 and 1988, includes Medicare payroll
www.kpcb.com
taxes, per estimates from CBO. Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 130
Social Security: Financially Sound – So Far – Owing to
Increased Revenue / Reduced Spending Post 1983 Reform,
But ‘Operating Loss’ Resumed in 2009
150
Real Social Security Operating Income, 1957 – 2010
Real Net Income of Social Security Program ($B)
100
50
0
-50
Operating Income (Tax Receipts - Expenditures)
-100
1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Data is adjusted for inflation using White House OMB’s GDP price index (based on BEA’s data).
USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
131
Social Security: Enrollment Up 5x to 52 Million While Inflation-Adjusted
Annual Payments per Beneficiary Up 2x to $12K From 1957 to 2009
Real Annual Social Security Payments per Beneficiary & Enrollment, 1957 – 2009
$14,000
Enrollment
60
Annual Payments per Beneficiary ($/year)
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
Annual Per Cap Benefits (in 2005 dollars)
50
40
30
20
10
Enrollment (MM)
$0
1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
0
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data are inflation adjusted using BEA’s GDP price index. Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 132
Social Security: Observations
� 52 million retired Americans (17% of population) received an
average of $11,826 (in 2005 dollars) in Social Security payments
(32% of USA per-capita income) in 2009.
� By comparison, 10 million retired Americans (6% of population)
received an average of $5,447 (in 2005 dollars) in Social Security
payments (51% of per-capita income) in 1957.
� When Social Security was created in early 20 th century to provide
retirement income to elderly Americans, 1 in 127 Americans 1 (<1% of
population) received Social Security payments. Now 1 in 6 Americans
(17%) receive Social Security payments…well above the initial ‘plan.’
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) Social Security was created in 1935, full data on enrollees not available until 1945.
Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
133
Social Security: America is Aging, and USA, Inc. Workers Are Required to
Support 5x More Beneficiaries (and Rising) than They Did in 1950!
1950 2010
6
33
Social Security
Beneficiaries
Supported by
100 Workers
Social Security
Beneficiaries
Supported by
100 Workers
www.kpcb.com
Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 134
Social Security: Each Retiree Was Supported by
42 Workers in 1945 & Just 3 Workers in 2009
Supporting Workers per Social Security Beneficiary, 1945 – 2030E
45
40
Forecast
Supporting Workers per Beneficiary
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015E 2025E
www.kpcb.com
Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
135
Think About That…
If you are a worker in USA, Inc.
(as 81 million tax-paying
Americans are), in effect, you have
5 times more ‘dependents*’ than
your parents had and 15 times
more than your grandparents.
www.kpcb.com
Note: * ‘Dependents’ = retirees who receive Social Security benefits primarily funded via payroll taxes on current working population.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 136
Analysts Often Think of Things as Math Problems…
So, how about
this one…
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
137
Americans Are Living 26% Longer, But Social Security ‘Retirement Age’ Has
Increased Only 3% Since Social Security Was Created in 1935…
USA Life Expectancy at Birth, 1935 & 2009 USA Full Retirement Age, 1935 & 2009
USA Life Expectancy at Birth (Years)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
62
+26%
78
USA Full Retirement Age (Years)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
65
+3%
67
10
10
0
1935 2009
0
1935 2009
Note: Full retirement age is 65 for people born in 1930; 67 for people born in 2009; Social Security Amendments of 1961 allowed early retirement to start at
62+ with reduced benefits. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, World Bank, Social Security Administration.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 138
That’s a Math Problem…
� If an expense rises by 26% and the ability to pay rises by only 3%,
the math doesn’t work. A computer in a science fiction movie might
blurt out, ‘does not compute…does not compute…’
� ‘’Something’s Gotta Give…’ as the 2003 film put it.
� A mathematician or economist would say, ‘the expense must go down or
the ability to pay must rise to match the expense.’
� Simple math implies that the age for collecting full benefits should rise
from 67 to 72, so that expenses more closely match workers’ ability to
pay. Under this scenario, while Americans are living 30% longer, the
‘retirement’ age would rise just 7%, still well below the increase in life
expectancy since Social Security was created.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
139
Social Security: Unless The Program Is Restructured, Cash Flow
Will Turn Negative by 2015E Owing to Aging Population
Real Social Security Annual Operating Income, 1982 – 2036E
Annual Social Security Net Cash Flow ($B)
$200
$100
$0
-$100
-$200
-$300
2015+
Permanent
Negative Cash Flow
Projection
-$400
1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012E 2017E 2022E 2027E 2032E
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data adjusted for inflation in real 2009 dollars. Includes Disability Insurance. Projection by Social Security Administration
in 8/10. Source: Social Security Administration.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 140
In Sum…
Heretofore, Social Security and Unemployment Insurance
have been effectively funded, but two significant entitlement
programs (Medicaid and Medicare) were created without
effective funding plans / programs. Only one of these
(Medicaid) is means-tested (indicating that one is eligible for
Medicaid only if he / she does not sufficient financial means).
Left unchanged, Unemployment Insurance funding should
improve as economic growth resumes, but Social Security will no
longer be self-funded within 5-10 years, and the underfunding of
Medicaid and Medicare will simply go from bad to worse.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
141
Drill Down on USA Inc.
Rising Debt Level and Interest Payments
1
2
3
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
www.kpcb.com
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social
Security net loss excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is
Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 142
Interest Payments:
3 Determinants = Debt Level + Interest Rates + Maturity
Interest
Payments
Debt
Level
Effective
Interest
Rates
Debt Level
• 62% of GDP in 2010, up 2x over 30 years
• Projected to rise to ~146% of GDP by 2030E
owing to diminishing surpluses from Social
Security and rising expenses from Medicaid and
other entitlement spending
Effective Interest Rates
• At historic low of 2.2% in 2010, vs. 30-year
average of 6.4%
• Will rise with federal funds target rate & long-term
Treasury yield as economy recovers
Maturity
• Shorter debt maturities imply less leverage to
Maturity reduce future interest payments via inflation
• Long-term debt (10+ year) only 10% of total in
2010, down from 15% in 1985
• Short-term debt (0-1 year) especially large in 2009
Source: Historical debt level / effective interest rates data per White House OMB; Debt projection per CBO; Maturity and composition per Dept. of Treasury.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
143
Drill Down on Debt Levels & Related Expenses
We begin with a simple study of current and historical debt
levels and key drivers of why debt has risen so much, then
we look at interest rates (which are low by historical
standards) and the impact they have on interest expense,
then we look at the short-term vs. long-term composition of
USA Inc.’s debt.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 144
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 145
Debt Level: Highest (as % of GDP) Since World War II
and Rising Rapidly
USA Federal Debt Held by the Public 1 as % of GDP, 1940 – 2010
120%
100%
World War II
Public Debt As % of GDP
80%
60%
40%
2010 Public Debt = 62% of GDP
20%
0%
1940 1946 1952 1958 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) For a more-detailed discussion about net debt (Federal debt held by the public) vs. gross debt, see slide 455 to 463
in Appendix. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 146
Why Has Debt
Risen So Much?
Public Debt Up 2x Over
Past 3 Decades
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
147
Debt Level: Why It Has Risen
Answer Part 1: Expenses (Entitlement + One-Time Items*) Grew Faster Than GDP
USA Real Federal Expenses vs. Real GDP % Change, 1965 – 2010
% Change From 1965
1200%
1000%
800%
600%
400%
200%
Total Expenses
Entitlement Programs
Non-Defense Discretionary
Defense
Net Interest Payments
Real GDP
0%
-200%
1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
Note: *One-time items could not be shown in chart because % change from 1965 is not available. For context, one-time items totaled $377B in 2009 and
$152B in 2010 (both in 2005 constant dollars), both of which are the 3 rd largest line item after entitlement expenses and defense spending. Data adjusted
for inflation. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 148
Debt Level: Entitlement Spending Increased 11x (1965 to 2010),
While Real GDP Grew 3x
USA Real Federal Expenses, Entitlement Spending, Real GDP % Change, 1965 – 2010
% Change From 1965
1200%
1000%
800%
600%
400%
200%
Total Expenses
Entitlement Programs
Real GDP
Entitlement
Expenses
+10.6x
Total
Expenses
+3.3x
Real GDP
+2.7x
0%
1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data adjusted for inflation. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
149
Debt Level: Why It Has Risen
Answer Part 2: Revenue (Esp. Corporate Taxes) Fell Below GDP Growth
USA Real Federal Revenue vs. Real GDP % Change, 1965 – 2010
% Change From 1965
600%
500%
400%
300%
200%
100%
Individual Income Taxes
Corporate Income Taxes
Social Insurance Taxes
Other Taxes & Fees
Total Revenue
Real GDP
0%
-100%
1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data adjusted for inflation. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 150
Debt Level: Recessions + Corporate Tax Accounting Changes
Led to Revenue Underperformance (Relative to GDP Growth)
1,200
USA Federal Receipts by Type ($B in 2005 Constant Dollars), 1965 – 2010
Individual & Corporate Income Taxes (in 2005 $B)
1,000
800
600
400
200
Individual Income Taxes
Corporate Income Taxes
Recessions
1981
Tax Cuts
1981
Accelerated Cost
Recovery System
� Lower Corporate
Taxes*
2001 / 2003
Tax Cuts
0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Note: * The adoption of Accelerated Cost Recovery System allowed companies to utilize accelerated depreciation on capital investments, leading to
higher depreciation costs and lower taxable income. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget. Note that recession-related tax cuts can be
doubled edged – reducing tax revenue but enhancing GDP growth.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 151
Debt Level: In the Past, Social Security’s Surpluses Have Masked
USA Inc.’s True Borrowing Needs by $1.4T
� Social Security tax receipts exceeded outlays in every year between 1984 and 2008,
leading to a cumulative surplus of $1.4 trillion.
� These surpluses have been used to fund other parts of federal government operations
(including Medicaid, infrastructure and defense...) under the unified budget accounting
rules.
� Without these past Social Security surpluses, USA Inc. would have to have issued $1.4
trillion more debt (or 16% higher than current level of debt) to fund its operations.
Social Security Operating Income ($B)
$120
$80
$40
$0
-$40
-$80
Social Security Cumulative Real Operating Surpluses / Deficits, 1982-2010
1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
www.kpcb.com
Note: Surpluses & deficits exclude Trust Fund interest income, adjusted for inflation.
Data source: Congressional Budget Office.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 152
Why Will Debt Level
Continue to Rise?
Public Debt Projected
to Rise 2x Over
Next 3 Decades
www.kpcb.com
Source: Congressional Budget Office Long-Term Budget Outlook (6/10), Alternative Fiscal Scenario (assuming a continuation
of today’s underlying fiscal policy. This scenario deviates from CBO’s baseline because it incorporates some policy changes
that are widely expected to occur and that policymakers have regularly made in the past).
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 153
Debt Level: Projected to Rise 3x Over Next 2 Decades,
per USA Inc.’s Own Estimates
USA Public Federal Debt as % of GDP, 1982 – 2030
160%
Net Federal Debt As % of GDP
140%
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
2010 Federal Debt = 62% of GDP
2030E Federal Debt =
146% of GDP
20%
0%
1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010E 2014E 2018E 2022E 2026E 2030E
Source: Congressional Budget Office Long-Term Budget Outlook (6/10), Alternative Fiscal Scenario (assuming a continuation of today’s underlying fiscal
policy. This scenario deviates from CBO’s baseline because it incorporates some policy changes that are widely expected to occur and that policymakers
have regularly made in the past).
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 154
Debt Level: Why Will It Continue to Rise?
Answer Part 1: Notional Social Security “Trust Fund” Surpluses Likely
Turning Into Deficits Owing to Aging Population
$200
Social Security Cumulative Real Operating Surpluses / Deficits, 1982-2037E
Social Security Operating Income ($B)
$0
-$200
-$400
-$600
-$800
Cumulative Surpluses
(1982-2008) Reduced
Federal Debt by
$1.4T
Projected Cumulative
Deficits (2009-2037E)
Could Increase Federal
Debt by $11.6T
-$1,000
1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012E 2017E 2022E 2027E 2032E 2037E
www.kpcb.com
Note: Surpluses & deficits exclude Trust Fund interest income, adjusted for inflation in 2009 dollars.
Source: Congressional Budget Office.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
155
Debt Level: Why Will It Continue to Rise?
Answer Part 2: Notional Medicare* “Trust Fund” Surpluses Likely
Turning Into Deficits Owing to Aging Population
$100
Medicare Part A* Cumulative Real Operating Surpluses / Deficits, 1982-2037E
Medicare Part A Operating Income ($B)
$0
-$100
-$200
-$300
Cumulative Surpluses
(1982-2008) Reduced
Federal Debt by
$21B
Projected Cumulative
Deficits (2009-2037E)
Could Increase Federal
Debt by $5T
-$400
1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013E 2018E 2023E 2028E 2033E
Note: Data are adjusted for inflation in 2009 dollars. *Only Medicare Part A (hospital insurance) has a trust fund (funded by payroll taxes), Part B (medical
insurance) and Part D (prescription drug benefits) are primarily funded by general tax revenue and premium / co-payments. Source: Medicare Trustees.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 156
Debt Level: Why Will It Continue to Rise?
Answer Part 3: Potential Loss on Guarantees on Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac
Originations Could Rise
$9,000
Government-Sponsored Enterprises Gross Debt Composition, 1971 – 2008
Total GSE Debt Outstanding ($B)
$8,000
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
Freddie Mac
RMBS*
Fannie Mae
RMBS*
Freddie Mac
Corporate Debt
Fannie Mae
Corporate Debt
Other Debt
www.kpcb.com
Note: *RMBS is residential mortgage-backed securities. Other debt includes those issued by other federal agencies such as
Federal Home Loan Banks and Student Loan Marketing Association (Sallie Mae). Source: FHFA Report to the Congress 2009.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
157
Debt Level: GSEs’ Expansion Into ‘Non-Conventional’ Mortgage Lending
Business Has Proved to Be Costly So Far
Fannie Mae Credit Losses by Type of Mortgage Product, 1Q08 – 2Q10
$8,000
Quarterly Credit Losses ($MM)
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
Other Non-Conventional
Subprime
Alt A
Interest Only
Conventional
Non-
Conventional
Mortgages =
30% of Fannie
Mae’s Total
Loan Guarantee
Balance, But
Causing 70-80%
of Losses
Owing to Lower
Loan Quality
$0
1Q08 2Q08 3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09 1Q10 2Q10
www.kpcb.com
Source: Fannie Mae, Betsy Graseck, Morgan Stanley Research.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 158
Debt Level: Fannie Mae + Freddie Mac =
Latest Estimated Ultimate Cost to Taxpayers Varies*
Base-Case
Estimated Ultimate
Net Loss**
$389 Billion
Source
Congressional
Budget Office
(CBO)
Comments / Assumptions
Net accrued loss to be borne by taxpayers, including
net cash infusions (with implied default rate of ~5-
10%) and risk premiums associated with federal
government’s implicit guarantee on GSEs’ credit.
Bulk of the net loss ($291B) occurred prior to and
during F2009.
On a cash basis, CBO’s estimate would have been in
line with White House OMB’s estimate.
$160 Billion
White House
Office of
Management and
Budget (OMB)
Net cash outlay to be borne by Treasury Dept. (and
ultimately taxpayers), including Treasury Dept.’s cash
outlays to purchase Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac
preferred stock (with implied default rate of ~5-10%),
minus cash received from dividends.
Bulk of the net cash outlay ($112B) occurred prior to
and during F2009.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Latest estimated cost to taxpayers varies and continues to rise. **By F2019E. Source: CBO, OMB.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
159
Debt Level: Scenario Math – What Various Default Rates Could Mean for
Taxpayer Ultimate Cash Cost of Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac
Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac
Outstanding Loan Guarantees
Default Rate
Loss Severity*
Ultimate Cash Cost
to Taxpayer
Outstanding
Loan Guarantees
Default
Rate
Loss Severity*
Ultimate Cash Cost
to Taxpayer
$5 Trillion 1
(before
government
conservatorship in
9/08)
2%
$50 Billion
5% $125 Billion
10% $250 Billion
50%
15% $375 Billion
20% $500 Billion
25% $625 Billion
$160 Billion
Current CBO /
OMB Forecasts
of Ultimate Cash
Cost of Fannie
Mae / Freddie
Mac
www.kpcb.com
Note: * Loss severity is liquidation value (foreclosure auction or other means) as a % of the loan amount adjusted for any
advances and fees. Source: 1) Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 160
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 161
Effective Interest Rates: While USA Debt Has Risen Steadily Since 1981,
Rates Have Fallen Steadily, so the Cost of Debt Has
Potentially Been Held Artificially Low
USA Net Federal Debt Outstanding & Effective Interest Rates, 1980 – 2010
$10,000
$8,000
Net Debt Outstanding
Effective Interest Rates
30-Year Avg. Effective Interest Rate
10%
8%
Net Debt Outstanding ($B)
$6,000
$4,000
6%
4%
Effective Interest Rates (%)
$2,000
2%
$0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
0%
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 162
Effective Interest Rates: While USA Debt Has Risen,
Net Interest Payments Have Fallen
USA Net Federal Debt Outstanding & Net Interest Payments, 1980 – 2010
$10,000
$500
$8,000
Net Debt Outstanding
Net Interest Payments
$400
Net Debt Outstanding ($B)
$6,000
$4,000
$300
$200
Net Interest Payments ($B)
$2,000
$100
$0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
$0
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
163
Effective Interest Rates: Hypothetical Exercise – If USA 2009 Cost of Debt
Was Paid at 30-Year Average Interest Rate Level of 6% vs. Current 2%,
Annual Interest Cost Would Rise 3x to $566 Billion from $196 Billion
$600
USA Actual & Hypothetical Net Interest Payments*, 1980 – 2010
Net Interest Payments ($B)
$500
$400
$300
$200
Hypothetical Net Interest Payments, Assuming
30-Year Average Effective Interest Rate of 6.25%
Actual Net Interest Payments
Would have
been $370B
higher
$100
$0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
www.kpcb.com
Note: * Hypothetical net interest payments calculation assumes all other variables (such as GDP, revenue, spending, debt
levels, etc.) are held constant. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 164
Effective Interest Rates: But Cost of Debt Unlikely to Continue to Decline
For Extended Period If Economy Improves
USA Federal Debt Weighted Average Yields, 1980 – 2010
14%
Weighted Average Treasury Yields (%)
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
30-Year Average Yield
7%
0%
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
www.kpcb.com
Source: US Treasury.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
165
Effective Interest Rates: If Debt Levels & Interest Rates Rise Dramatically
Beyond 2010, Net Interest Payments Could Soar…
USA Federal Net Debt Outstanding / Effective Interest Rates / Net Interest Payments, 2009 – 2016E
11-16E
2009 2010 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E CAGR
Net Debt Outstanding ($B) $7,545 $9,019 $10,856 $11,881 $12,784 $13,562 $14,301 $15,064 7%
Y/Y Growth 30% 20% 20% 9% 8% 6% 5% 5%
Effective Interest Rate (%) 2.5% 2.2% 1.9% 2.0% 2.5% 3.1% 3.5% 3.7% --
Net Interest Payments ($B) $187 $196 $207 $242 $321 $418 $494 $562 22%
Y/Y Growth -26% 5% 5% 17% 33% 30% 18% 14%
% of Federal Tax Receipts 9 9 10 9 11 13 14 15
www.kpcb.com
Note: CAGR is compound annual growth rate. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 166
Effective Interest Rates: If Debt Levels & Interest Rates Rise Dramatically
Beyond 2010, Net Interest Payments Could Soar
USA Net Federal Debt Outstanding & As Percent of Total Revenue, 1980 – 2016E
$600
30%
$500
Net Interest Payment ($B)
As % of Total Revenue
24%
Net Interest Payment ($B)
$400
$300
$200
$100
18%
12%
6%
As % of Total Revenue (%)
$
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013E 2016E
0%
www.kpcb.com
Note: CAGR is compound annual growth rate. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
167
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 168
Debt Composition: Average Debt Maturity Declining Since 2000, Combined
With Declining Interest Rate, Leading to “Artificially Low” Interest Payments
USA Inc. Debt Maturity vs. Short-Term Interest Rate, 1980 – 2010
Average Treasury Securities Maturity (Years)
7
6
5
4
Average Treasury Securities Maturity
Short-Term Interest Rate
30-Year Average
Maturity
20%
15%
10%
5%
Short-Term Interest Rate (%)
3
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
0%
www.kpcb.com
Source: Dept. of Treasury.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
169
Debt Composition: Maturity – Temporary High Mix (32%) of
Short-Term Treasury Bills in 2009 Took Advantage of Historic Low Interest
Rates to Reduce Interest Payments
USA Inc. Outstanding Debt Breakdown by Type & Maturity, 2000 - 2010
% of Total Marketable Debt Outstanding
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Interest Rate (%)
TIPS
Treasury Inflation
Protected Securities
Bonds
- Long-Term (10+
Year Maturity)
Notes
- Medium-Term (2-
10 Year Maturity)
Bills
- Short-Term (0-1
Year Maturity)
Short-Term
Interest Rate (Fed
Funds Rate)
10-Year Average
Share of T-Bills
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data as of March each year; composition excludes nonmarketable securities. Source: Dept. of Treasury.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 170
Debt Composition: Foreign Investors & Governments
Hold ~46% of USA Inc. Public Debt
1989 Total Public Debt
Outstanding
$2 Trillion
2010 Total Public Debt
Outstanding
$9 Trillion
Foreign Investors &
Government
Federal Reserve
28%
18%
10%
Mutual Funds
State & Local
Governments
3%
3%
19%
46%
6%
11%
5%
6%
17%
Private Pension Funds
Depository Institutions
6%
6%
Insurance Companies
7% 10%
Other Investors
www.kpcb.com
Note: Public debt ownership excludes Government Accounts Series (such as Social Security Trust Fund) as those holdings
are intra-government and not tradable in public. Source: Dept. of Treasury, as of CQ2:10.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
171
Debt Composition: Foreign Investors & Governments Hold 46% of USA Inc.
Public Debt, Up From 4% in 1970 – How Much Higher Should It Go?
Foreign Ownership of US Treasury Securities, CQ1:1970 – CQ2:2010
Foreign Ownership of USA Inc's Debt (%)
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Top Foreign Owners, CQ2:10
China 10%
Japan 9%
UK 3%
Oil Exporters* 3%
Brazil 2%
All Other 18%
0%
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Oil exporters include Ecuador, Venezuela, Indonesia, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Gabon, Libya, and Nigeria.
Source: Dept. of Treasury, as of CQ2:10.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 172
And – You Guessed It – Here’s the Punch Line…
By USA Inc.'s Own
Forecast…
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
173
Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments Alone Should
Exceed USA Inc. Total Revenue by 2025E!
Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments vs. Revenue as % of GDP, 1980 – 2050E
Total Revenue & Entitlement + Net Interest
Payments as % of GDP
40%
30%
20%
10%
Revenue
Entitlement Spending + Net
Interest Payments
0%
1980 1990 2000 2010E 2020E 2030E 2040E 2050E
Source: Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Long-Term Budget Outlook (6/10). Note that entitlement spending includes federal government expenditures on Social
Security, Medicare and Medicaid. Data in our chart is based on CBO’s ‘alternative fiscal scenario’ forecast, which assumes a continuation of today’s underlying
fiscal policy. Note that CBO also maintains an ‘extended-baseline’ scenario, which adheres closely to current law. The alternative fiscal scenario deviates from
CBO’s baseline because it incorporates some policy changes that are widely expected to occur (such as extending the 2001-2003 tax cuts rather than letting them
expire as scheduled by current law and adjusting physician payment rates to be in line with the Medicare economic index rather than at lower scheduled rates) and
that policymakers have regularly made in the past.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 174

CBO’s Projection from 10 Years Ago (in 1999) Showed Federal Revenue
Sufficient to Support Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments Until 2060E
– 35 Years Later than Current Projection
CBO’s Projection in the ‘1999 Long-Term Budget Outlook’ on
Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments vs. Revenue as % of GDP, 1980 – 2070E
Total Revenue & Entitlement + Net Interest
Payments as % of GDP
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Revenue
Entitlement Spending + Net Interest Payments
1980 1990 2000 2010E 2020E 2030E 2040E 2050E 2060E 2070E
www.kpcb.com
Source: Congressional Budget Office Long-Term Budget Outlook (1999).
Note that there was no alternative fiscal scenario in CBO’s forecast back then.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
175
If the Previous Two Slides…
aren’t a
wake-up call,
we don’t know
what is…
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 176
Drill Down on USA Inc. Periodic Large One-Time Charges
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
www.kpcb.com
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social
Security net loss excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is
Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 177
One-Time Charges: Unusually High in F2009 & F2010 with
Financial + Economic Crisis
Net One-Time Charges to USA Inc. ($B)
F2011 Net Sum of
F2008 F2009 F2010 YTD* 4 Years
Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) $14 $97 $41 -- $152
Fannie Mae -- 60 23 -- 83
Freddie Mac $14 37 18 -- 69
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)* -- $261 -$26 -$23 $213
Banks -- 134 -85 -28 21
Automakers -- 78 -6 -14 58
AIG -- 49 -- 20 69
Individual Homeowners -- 0 39 -1 38
Other Financial Institutions -- -- 22 -- 22
Consumers & Small Businesses -- -- 4 -- 4
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)** -- $40 $137 -- $177
Education -- 21 50 -- 71
Nutrition Assistance -- 5 11 -- 16
Transportation -- 4 15 -- 19
Tax Credits -- 2 33 -- 35
Energy -- 1 5 -- 6
Other -- 7 23 -- 30
Net Total One-Time Charges ($B) $14 $398 $152 -$23 $542
Note: Federal fiscal year ends in September. *TARP one-time charges include repayments & dividends; F2011 TARP data as of 2/11, per US Treasury;
F2011 YTD GSE & ARRA data not available. **ARRA one-time charges exclude funds used by entitlement programs such as Social Security / Medicare /
Medicaid / Unemployment. Source: Congressional Budget Office, Dept of Treasury.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 178
One-Time Charges: What Charges from F2008-F2010
May Look Like on Net Basis Over Next 10 Years
One-Time Charges from the ‘Financial Crisis’ are Not Created Equal – While TARP Was the
Headliner, When All’s Said & Done, TARP may be Smallest Component, by a Long Shot
Current Cost
($B, as of 2/11)
Ultimate Cash Cost
($B, by F2020E) Comments
TARP $213B <$51B 1 less 1 as banks continue to pay back their loans
and automakers / AIG seek IPOs / sales to
May fall from net $213 billion to $51 billion or
realize value of USA Inc.’s equity stake.
GSE $152 ~$160 2 (or higher) 2 as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
losses on loan guarantees stabilize and they
May grow from net $152 billion to ~$160 billion
continue to pay dividends on USA Inc.’s shares.
ARRA $177 $417
Should rise from $177 billion to $417 billion 3
based on commitments…and a payback plan
was never factored into these payments.
Note: 1) Latest Treasury estimate as of 12/10, includes net profits from banks of $16B, net costs from AIG ($5B) / Automakers ($17B) / Consumers & Housing
programs ($-46B) and other. AIG net costs excludes potential gains from selling AIG’s common shares held by the Treasury, which could turn out to be a $22B profit
for the Treasury based on 10/1/10 closing price. Including this potential gain, TARP ultimate cost to the Treasury would be $29B. 2) White House OMB estimates
ultimate cash cost of Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac at $165B while the CBO estimates the ultimate cash costs at $160B. Both estimates imply an average default rate of
5-10% on Fannie Mae + Freddie Mac’s $5T loan guarantee portfolio and a loss severity of 50%. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) estimates ultimate
costs to range from $142B to $259B. 3) Net cash costs are limited to discretionary spending items in ARRA. Source: CBO, U.S. Dept of Treasury, White House
OMB, FHFA.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 179
Recipients of $ from USA One-Time Charges (F2008-2011YTD)
Total Net 2008-2011 One-Time Charges = $542 Billion (as of 2/11)
Other
Transportation + Energy + Other
Banks
700 Banks received funds,
100 repaid so far
Automakers
11%
5% 10%
30%
Consumers
Homeowners + Consumers
& Small Businesses +
Education + Nutrition + Tax
credits
Insurers / Other
Financial Institutions
AIG + Other Financial
Institutions
17%
28%
Government-
Sponsored
Enterprises
Fannie Mae + Freddie Mac
www.kpcb.com
Source: Dept. of Treasury, as of 2/11.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 180
Drill Down on One-Time Charges
Most of USA Inc.’s recent one-time charges are directly or
indirectly related to America’s real estate bubble and
aggressive borrowing.
First we look at the drivers of the real estate bubble (we call it
‘anatomy of a real estate bubble’), then we drill down on the
past / present / future financial impact of the three types of
one-time charges and the recipients:
1) TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program)
2) GSEs (Government-Sponsored Enterprises)
2) ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act)
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
181
What created the
real estate bubble?
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 182
Real Estate Bubble: Root Causes—Government Home Ownership Push +
Declining Interest & Savings Rates + Aggressive Borrowing and Lending
Led to 10+ Years of Rising Home Ownership
70%
USA Home Ownership Rates vs. Interest Rates vs. Personal Savings Rates, 1965 - 2010
June 2004: US home ownership = 73MM
20%
U.S. Home Ownership Rate
68%
66%
64%
62%
60%
January 1993: HUD began promoting
broader home ownership. US home
ownership = 62MM
16%
12%
8%
4%
U.S. Interest Rate & Personal Savings Rate
58%
1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
0%
www.kpcb.com
U.S. Home Ownership Rate
U.S. Interest Rate
U.S. Home Ownership Rate 30-year (1965-1995) Trendline
U.S. Personal Savings Rate Note: HUD is Dept. of Housing & Urban Development. Interest rate is the overnight
federal funds rate. Data as of CQ1:10. Savings rate is amount of saving divided by income after taxes.
Data source: Federal Reserve, DOC Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 183
Real Estate Bubble: Home Prices Rose Dramatically (7% Annually) for
10 Years – Up ~2x Over 10-Year Period Ending 2007
USA Real Home Price & Building Cost Indexes, % Change 1965 – 2008
% Change from 1965 Level
80%
60%
40%
20%
USA Real Home Price Index
USA Real Building Cost Index
0%
-20%
1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
www.kpcb.com
Note: Real home prices & building costs are inflation-adjusted. Source: Robert Shiller, Yale University.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 184
Banks & Other Mortgage Originators Helped Fuel Housing Bubble as They
Originated Lower Quality Mortgages –
Alt-A & Subprime Origination Volumes Up 374% & 94% in 2006 vs. 2003
USA Residential Mortgage Origination by Product Type, 2001 – 2010
Total Residential Mortgage Origination ($B)
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Conventional
Jumbo
Subprime
Alt-A
Home Equity
FHA / VA
Total Non-Conventional as % of Total
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Subprime + Home Equity + Alt-A as % of Total
www.kpcb.com
Source: Inside Mortgage Finance.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
185
Real Estate Bubble: Investors Helped Fuel It, Too, as They Reached For Yield
Without Questioning AAA Ratings of A Subprime-Backed Investments
Investors picked up 25-35bps over U.S. Treasuries with comparable maturity, typically levered
10:1 and generated 2.5-3.5% yield, meaningful against an 8% annual yield target
Illustrative AAA-Rated Subprime RMBS Yield Spread* with 10x Leverage, 2/05 – 2/07
4.0%
Subprime RMBS Yield Spread vs. 7-Year Swap Rate
3.6%
3.2%
2.8%
2.4%
2.0%
2/05 4/05 6/05 8/05 10/05 12/05 2/06 4/06 6/06 8/06 10/06 12/06
Note: Illustrative AAA-rated subprime RMBS spread represented as Mezzanine CDO spread vs. 7-year swap rate.
Source: Betsy Graseck, Morgan Stanley Research.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 186
Investors Struggle with Today’s Low ~4% Risk Free Rate
• Pension funds & other investors look for ~8% annual returns
in order to meet promised payouts.
• The challenge is far greater than before given:
• Rising obligations relative to income
• Lower interest rates
• Promises (e.g., pension, healthcare) made during an 8%
interest rate environment are much harder to meet when the
risk free rate has fallen from 8% to 3.6%. 1
• The choice is either to reduce obligations…
or
…Invest in riskier assets.
www.kpcb.com
Note: 10-year Treasury coupon rate as of 2/18/2010. Source: Betsy Graseck, Morgan Stanley Research.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
187
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 188
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP):
Recipient of 38% of Net Government (Taxpayer) Funding*
� In TARP, the financial rescue program (created in October, 2008),
USA Inc. purchased assets and equity from financial institutions to
provide the capital and liquidity needed during the 2008 financial
crisis (which followed the real estate bubble).
In 2009, TARP recipients were broadened to include automakers, an
insurance company (AIG), individual homeowners, small & mediumsized
businesses and other non-bank financial institutions.
To date, USA Inc. loaned these institutions $464 billion and received
$250 billion in repayment and warrant proceeds for a net outstanding
loan balance of $214 billion.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *As of 2/11, numbers are rounded. Source: Dept. of Treasury.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
189
TARP Distribution –
Equally Distributed Among Financial Institutions / Automakers / Insurer / Individuals as of 2/11
Outstanding Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) Balance of $214B 1 as of 2/11
Insurance
Company
AIG 2
$69B
Homeowners
$38B
Individuals
Auto
Companies
Automakers
$58B
Banks
$23B
Consumers &
Small Businesses 4
$4B
Toxic Asset Holders 3
$22B
Financial
Institutions
SunTrust Banks - $5B
Regions Financial - $3.5B
….
Note: 1) #s are rounded, includes warrant proceeds of $10B from banks. 2) Total principal + accrued interest on AIG preferred stock purchased by U.S. Treasury prior
to 1/11 = $49B, on 1/14/11, AIG drew an additional $20B TARP funding to buy out Federal Reserve’s investment. 3) Including banks and other financial institutions;
done via Public-Private Investment Program (PPIP) under which Treasury provides equity and debt financing to newly formed public-private investment funds (PPIFs)
established by fund managers with investors for the purpose of purchasing legacy securities from financial institutions. These securities are commercial mortgagebacked
securities and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities. 4) Consumers and small & medium-sized businesses that need loans would benefit from
the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF), through which the Fed provides loans to help support the issuance of asset-backed securities (which would in
turn fund a substantial portion of the consumer credit and small business loans). Source: Dept. of Treasury, AIG, data as of 2/14/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 190
TARP Repayments and Outstanding Loans: Most Large Banks Have Repaid
$222 Billion Paid Back 1 , $23 Billion Outstanding
TARP Repayments: Top 8 TARP Outstanding: Top 8
Citigroup*
Principal
SunTrust
Bank of
America
Wells Fargo
Warrant &
Other
Proceeds
Regions
Financial
Key Corp.
JPMorgan
CIT Group**
Goldman
Sachs
Morgan
Stanley
PNC
Financial
Marshall &
Ilsley
Zions
Synovus
US Bank
Popular
www.kpcb.com
$- $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60
$- $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60
Note: 1) Includes warrant proceeds from banks; *Citigroup’s repayments include $2.3B repayment on the Asset Guarantee
program and $6.9B additional proceeds from selling Treasury’s ownership. **Treasury’s preferred stock investment in CIT Group
was lost as a result of CIT’s bankruptcy filing. Source: Dept of Treasury, data as of 2/11.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 191
TARP Repayments And Outstanding Loans:
Most Non-Bank TARP Recipients Have Not Repaid
$27 Billion Paid Back, $171 Billion Outstanding
TARP Repayments
TARP Outstanding
AIG
General
Motors
General Motors
PPIP*
GMAC
Chrysler
Chrysler
FHA*
TALF*
Chrysler
Financial
GM Suppliers
Chrysler Suppliers
$- $20 $40 $60
www.kpcb.com
$- $20 $40 $60
Note: * PPIP is Public-Private Investment Program, FHA represents the FHA Short Refinance Program, TALF is Term Asset-
Backed Securities Loan Facility.
Source: Dept of Treasury, data as of 1/11.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 192
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 193
Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs):
Recipients of 28% of Net Government (Taxpayer) Funding
� GSEs Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac extended their guarantees on residential
mortgages from conventional loans into Alt-A, interest-only and subprime
loans.
� While technically not part of the federal government, Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac
have enjoyed an implicit government guarantee on their debt and RMBS
securities as investors believed (correctly, as it turned out) that the federal
government would support these entities if they failed. As a result, GSEs’ longterm
debt securities receive AAA/Aaa ratings from all rating agencies and are
classified by financial markets as “agency securities” with interest rates above
USA Treasuries but below AAA corporate debts.
� Post placing Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac into a government conservatorship,
USA Inc. has so far invested $152B 1 into these two GSEs with an estimated $8-
13B 2 more likely over the next 10 years, given the ongoing weakness in housing
market and the poor underwriting by Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac.
www.kpcb.com
Source: 1) U.S. Dept of Treasury, as of 12/10, 2) White House OMB / U.S. Congressional Budget Office.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 194
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac:
A Brief History of Government-Sponsored Enterprises
Fannie Mae established in
1938 to provide liquidity to
the primary and secondary
mortgage markets
Freddie Mac established in
1970 after the Emergency
Home Finance Act to
provide further liquidity to
the mortgage markets
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
placed into conservatorship
at a time when they
guaranteed 57% of the $12
trillion USA mortgage market
1938 1968 1970 1988 2008
Fannie Mae became a publicly traded company in
9/68, in part to reduce rising government debt
levels from the Vietnam War by taking Fannie Mae
debt off USA Inc.’s balance sheet
Freddie Mac became a
publicly traded company in
12/88 with an initial market
cap of $3 billion
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac – What do they do?
They are insurance and investment companies. Both buy residential and
multifamily mortgages which conform to their underwriting standards from banks
and other originators. They either hold them in their portfolios or package them
into residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS). These securities, which
carry Fannie and Freddie’s guarantee on them, are then sold to investors
(banks, insurance companies, bond funds, etc.).
www.kpcb.com
Source: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Los Angeles Times.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
195
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac:
What Went Wrong?
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Public Market Capitalizations, 1990 – 2010
Market Cap ($B)
$100
$80
$60
$40
9/99 – Fannie Mae expanded mortgage
availability to low-income borrowers
under pressure from White House
1/93 – HUD began
promoting broader
home ownership
7/05 – Fannie Mae and Freddie
Mac agreed to restrictions on
growth of their retained
portfolios
9/08 – Fannie
Mae and Freddie
Mac placed into
conservatorship
$20
$0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Freddie Mac
Fannie Mae
www.kpcb.com
Note: HUD is Department of Housing and Urban Development. Source: FactSet.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 196
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac: Accounted for Majority of Total Residential
Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS) Issuance Since 1990s
2,000
Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Issuance
and as % of Total Market Volume, 1998-2010
80%
Mortgate-backed Security Volume (Bn)
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
72%
64%
56%
48%
40%
32%
24%
16%
8%
As % of Total MBS Marlet Volume
0
1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
0%
Fannie Mae RMBS Freddie Mac RMBS Fannie + Freddie RMBS as % Total RMBS
www.kpcb.com
Sources: 1988-2006 data from Calculated Risk; Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac data from FHFA Annual Report to the
Congress 2009, 2009 / 2010 data per EMBS and Hybrid Weekly.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
197
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac:
Latest Estimated Ultimate Cost to Taxpayers Varies*
Base-Case
Estimated Ultimate
Net Loss**
$389 Billion
Source
Congressional
Budget Office
(CBO)
Comments / Assumptions
Net accrued loss to be borne by taxpayers, including
net cash infusions (with implied default rate of ~5-
10%) and risk premiums associated with federal
government’s implicit guarantee on GSEs’ credit.
Bulk of the net loss ($291B) occurred prior to and
during F2009.
On a cash basis, CBO’s estimate would have been in
line with White House OMB’s estimate.
$160 Billion
White House
Office of
Management and
Budget (OMB)
Net cash outlay to be borne by Treasury Dept. (and
ultimately taxpayers), including Treasury Dept.’s cash
outlays to purchase Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac
preferred stock (with implied default rate of ~5-10%),
minus cash received from dividends.
Bulk of the net cash outlay ($112B) occurred prior to
and during F2009.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Latest estimated cost to taxpayers varies and continues to rise. **By F2019E. Source: CBO, OMB.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 198
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac: Scenario Math – What Various Default Rates
Could Mean for Taxpayer Ultimate Cash Cost
Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac
Outstanding Loan Guarantees
Default Rate
Loss Severity*
Ultimate Cash Cost
to Taxpayer
Outstanding
Loan Guarantees
Default
Rate
Loss Severity*
Ultimate Cash Cost
to Taxpayer
$5 Trillion 1
(before
government
conservatorship in
9/08)
2%
$50 Billion
5% $125 Billion
10% $250 Billion
50%
15% $375 Billion
20% $500 Billion
25% $625 Billion
$160 Billion
Current CBO /
OMB Forecasts
of Ultimate Cash
Cost of Fannie
Mae / Freddie
Mac
www.kpcb.com
Note: * Loss severity is liquidation value (foreclosure auction or other means) as a % of the loan amount adjusted for any
advances and fees. Source: 1) Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
199
1
Entitlement
Spending
Medicaid
(-$273B Net Loss*)
Medicare
(-$272B Net Loss* 1 )
Unemployment
Benefits
(-$115B Net Loss*)
Social Security
(-$75B Net Loss* 1 )
2
Rising Debt
Level & Interest
Payments
Debt Level
($9T Outstanding)
Effective Interest
Rates
(2.2%)
Debt Composition
3
Periodic Large
One-Time
Charges
TARP
($26B Net Profit* 2 )
Fannie Mae /
Freddie Mac
(-$41B Net Loss*)
ARRA
(-$137B Net Loss*)
Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss
excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA
is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 200
America Recovery & Reinvestment Act (ARRA):
Recipient of 34% of Net Government (Taxpayer) Funding
� In ARRA (the economic stimulus program created in February,
2009), USA Inc. aims to create jobs and promote investment and
consumer spending by cutting taxes, expanding unemployment
benefits, and increasing spending in education, healthcare,
infrastructure, and energy.
These measures are projected to increase federal spending by $500+
billion while reducing federal tax receipts by $275 billion over 10 years
($177 billion of which occurred in F2009 and F2010).
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
201
ARRA*: Negative Effect on Discretionary Budgets Should Peak in F2010,
But Spending Commitments through F2019E Total $417 Billion
ARRA* Discretionary Items’ Net Effect on Federal Budgets, F2009 – F2019E
ARRA Discretionary Items' Net Effect on Federal Budget ($B)
F2009 F2011E F2013E F2015E F2017E F2019E
0
20
40
60
Education
Nutrition Assistance
80
100
120
140
Transportation
Energy
Tax Credits
Other
www.kpcb.com
Note: *ARRA is American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. US federal fiscal year ends in September. Net effects on
budgets are limited to discretionary spending items in ARRA. Source: Congressional Budget Office.
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 202
ARRA: Spending Examples
� Education – Used ARRA funding and saved education jobs, such as
teachers, principals, librarians, and counselors
� Tax Credits – Provided higher Earned Income Tax Credits
� Transportation – Repaired roads and bridges
� Energy – Provided additional funding for renewable energy and energy
efficiency projects
� Nutrition Assistance – Provided additional assistance for low-income
families to purchase food
� Other – Funding for various programs related to homeland security and
law enforcement…
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown
203
Longer-term taxpayer
impact of GSE Loans +
ARRA + TARP
varies…regardless,
it is material
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 204
What ‘One-Time Charges’ from F2008-F2010
May Look Like on Net Basis Over Next 10 Years
One-Time Charges from the ‘Financial Crisis’ are Not Created Equal – While TARP Was the
Headliner, When All’s Said & Done, TARP may be Smallest Component, by a Long Shot
Current Cost
($B, as of 2/11)
Ultimate Cash Cost
($B, by F2020E)
Comments
TARP $214B <$51B 1 less 1 as banks continue to pay back their loans
and automakers / AIG seek IPOs / sales to
May fall from net $214 billion to $51 billion or
realize value of USA Inc.’s equity stake.
GSE $152 ~$160 2 (or higher) 2 as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
losses on loan guarantees stabilize and they
May grow from net $152 billion to ~$160 billion
continue to pay dividends on USA Inc.’s shares.
ARRA $177 $417
Should rise from $177 billion to $417 billion 3
based on commitments…and a payback plan
was never factored into these payments.
Note: 1) Latest Treasury estimate as of 12/10, includes net profits from banks of $16B, net costs from AIG ($5B) / Automakers ($17B) / Consumers & Housing
programs ($-46B) and other. AIG net costs excludes potential gains from selling AIG’s common shares held by the Treasury, which could turn out to be a $22B profit
for the Treasury based on 10/1/10 closing price. Including this potential gain, TARP ultimate cost to the Treasury would be $29B. 2) White House OMB estimates
ultimate cash cost of Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac at $165B while the CBO estimates the ultimate cash costs at $160B. Both estimates imply an average default rate of
5-10% on Fannie Mae + Freddie Mac’s $5T loan guarantee portfolio and a loss severity of 50%. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) estimates ultimate
costs to range from $142B to $259B. 3) Net cash costs are limited to discretionary spending items in ARRA. Source: CBO, U.S. Dept of Treasury, White House
OMB, FHFA.
www.kpcb.com
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USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 208
Balance Sheet Drilldown
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USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown
209
Balance Sheet: USA Inc. Federal Debt + Unfunded Entitlement
Liabilities (Social Security + Medicare…) Exceed Stated Assets
… … Comments
F1996 F2003 F2009 F2010
ASSETS ($B)
Cash & Other Monetary Assets $193 $120 $393 $429
Accounts / Loans / Taxes Receivable 206 278 626 783
Inventories 232 241 285 286
Property, Plant & Equipment 969 658 784 829
TARP + GSE Investments -- -- 304 254
Other assets 124 97 275 303
Total Assets ($B) 1,724 1,394 2,668 2,884
Y/Y Growth 33% 40% 35% 8%
LIABILITIES ($B)
Accounts Payable $162 $62 $73 $73
Accrued Payroll & Benefits -- 100 161 164
Federal Debt 3,730 3,945 7,583 9,060
Federal Employee & Veteran Benefits Payab 1,652 3,880 5,284 5,720
Liability to GSEs -- -- 92 360
Other Liabilities 530 512 932 979
Unfunded Net Entitlement Liabilities 5,415 20,825 45,878 30,857
Y/Y Growth -- 16% 7% -33%
NPV of Unfunded Social Security $3,600 $4,927 $7,677 $7,947
NPV of Unfunded Medicare 1,815 15,819 38,107 22,813
NPV of Unfunded Other Benefits 79 94 97
Total Liabilities ($B) 11,488 29,324 60,002 47,214
Y/Y Growth -- 14% 9% -21%
NET WORTH ($B) -$9,764 -$27,930 -$57,334 -$44,330
Y/Y Growth -- 13% 8% -23%
$200B cash balance owing to
temporary Fed market stabilization
initiatives
Includes $145B TARP direct loans &
equity investment + $109B in GSEs
Growth primarily owing to TARP
capitalization + Fed liquidity program
Significant rise in debt owing to ongoing
budget deficits + stimulus
spending
Federal employee & veteran benefits
rose 3x owing to scheduled annual
pay raises + rising benefit costs
Unfunded entitlement liabilities up 6x
between F1996 and F2010.
Medicare NPV down sharply Y/Y
owing to new assumptions from the
Healthcare reform legislation
Significant increase from rising levels
of debt + unfunded future benefits
-$44T of net worth for USA Inc. more
than tripled, from -$10T in 1996
Note: USA Inc.’s balance sheet presented here does not include the financial value of the Government’s sovereign powers to tax, regulate commerce, and set monetary
policy. It also excludes its control over nonoperational resources, including national and natural resources, for which the Government is a steward. Total liabilities include the
net present value (NPV) of unfunded entitlement liabilities like Social Security / Medicare / other payments, which the Treasury Dept. considers ‘off-balance sheet’
responsibilities. U.S. government fiscal year ends in September. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Report on the U.S. Government, 1996 – 2010.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 210
USA Inc. Net Worth:
-$44 Trillion in Perspective
There are doubts about the accuracy of such a big negative number, especially when the value
of USA Inc.’s assets is so hard to calculate. The value of natural resources, the power to tax,
the ability to print the world’s reserve currency, the human capital in our educational system –
these and other assets would clearly reduce that number, if they could be accurately
calculated.
Given the differences between government and corporate accounting, what matters is not the
exact number, but the trend – which is clearly moving in the wrong direction. Liabilities have
been growing faster than assets. Just to put that $57 trillion into context…
-$44 Trillion = $142,999 per Person in USA 1
$370,961 per Household 1
20x USA Inc. Annual Revenue 2
3.8x S&P500 Total Market Capitalization 3
3.0x USA Annual GDP 4
0.9x Global Stock Market Capitalization 5
0.8x Total USA Household Wealth 6
Source: 1) Population & household data as of 1/10, per Census Bureau estimates; 2) annual federal income in F2010, per Dept. of Treasury; 3) as of 1/11, per S&P;
4) GDP is 2010 nominal figure, per BEA; 5) as of 1/10, per World Federation of Exchanges; 6) as of CQ3:10, calculated as total net worth of households &
nonprofit organizations, per Federal Reserve (12/10 data).
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 211
We Believe Citizens Should Consider These ‘Off-Balance Sheet’ Liabilities
For A ‘More Complete’ Understanding of USA Inc.’s Finances
� “…the Government’s responsibilities to make future
payments for social insurance and certain other programs
are not shown as liabilities according to Federal accounting
standards…These programmatic commitments remain
Federal responsibilities and as currently structured will have
a significant claim on budgetary resources in the
future…The reader needs to understand these
responsibilities to get a more complete understanding of the
Government’s finances.”
� Department of the Treasury,
� “2004 Financial Report of the United States Government”
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 212
Balance Sheet: USA Inc. Total Liabilities*: $47 Trillion in F2010,
or $395,093 per Household Owing Largely to Entitlement Spending
USA Inc. Total Assets / Liabilities / Networth ($T)
$10
$
-$10
-$20
-$30
-$40
-$50
-$60
-$70
F1996
Total Assets / Liabilities / Net Worth of USA Federal Government,
Using Corporate GAAP Accounting, F1996-F2010
Unfunded Entitlement Benefits
Current Liabilities
Total Assets
Net Worth
F1997
F1998
F1999
F2000
F2001
F2002
F2003
Medicare liabilities down sharply owing to slower
healthcare cost growth assumptions associated
with 2010 Healthcare reform
F2004
F2005
F2006
F2007
F2008
F2009
F2010
Note: USA Inc.’s balance sheet presented here does not include the financial value of the Government’s sovereign powers to tax, regulate commerce, and set
monetary policy. It also excludes its control over nonoperational resources, including national and natural resources, for which the Government is a steward. Total
liabilities include the net present value (NPV) of unfunded entitlement liabilities like Social Security / Medicare / other payments, which the Treasury Dept. considers
‘off-balance sheet’ responsibilities. U.S. government fiscal year ends in September. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Report on the U.S.
Government, 1996 – 2009.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 213
Balance Sheet: USA Inc. Total Liabilities: $47 Trillion in F2010
Up 5x From 1996, Driven by Medicare Liabilities
Total Liabilities of USA Federal Government, Using Corporate GAAP
Accounting, F1996-F2009
$
F1996 F1998 F2000 F2002 F2004 F2006 F2008 F2010
$10
USA Inc. Total Liabilities ($T)
$20
$30
$40
$50
Net Medicare (Part D) Liabilities
Net Medicare (Part A & B) Liabilities
Net Social Security Liabilities
Federal Employee & Veteran Benefits Payable
$60
$70
Federal Debt
All Other
Medicare liabilities down sharply owing to slower
healthcare cost growth assumptions associated
with the 2010 Healthcare reform
Note: USA Inc.’s balance sheet presented here does not include the financial value of the Government’s sovereign powers to tax, regulate commerce, and set
monetary policy. It also excludes its control over nonoperational resources, including national and natural resources, for which the Government is a steward. Total
liabilities include the net present value (NPV) of unfunded entitlement liabilities like Social Security / Medicare / other payments, which the Treasury Dept. considers
‘off-balance sheet’ responsibilities. U.S. government fiscal year ends in September. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Report on the U.S
.Government, 1996 – 2009.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 214

Important Caveats on F2010 Medicare Liability Improvement
�
�
�
Medicare Part A and Part B unfunded liability improved to -$16 trillion in F2010, up 47% from -$31 trillion in
F2009, per the Board of Medicare Trustees.
The improvement was driven primarily by downward revisions of future cost growth assumptions following
enactment of healthcare reform in 2010.
However, Medicare’s Chief Actuary Richard Foster noted that “while the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act, as amended, makes important changes to the Medicare program and substantially improves its
financial outlook, there is a strong likelihood that certain of these changes will not be viable in the
long range…Without major changes in health care delivery systems, the prices paid by Medicare for health
services [as scheduled by current law] are very likely to fall increasingly short of the costs of providing these
services…Congress would have to intervene to prevent the withdrawal of providers from the Medicare
market and the severe problems with beneficiary access to care that would result. Overriding the productivity
adjustments, as Congress has done repeatedly in the case of physician payment rates, would lead to far
higher costs for Medicare in the long range than those projected under current law…For these
reasons, the financial projections shown [here] for Medicare do not represent a reasonable
expectation for actual program operations in either the short range (as a result of the unsustainable
reductions in physician payment rates) or the long range (because of the strong likelihood that the statutory
reductions in price updates for most categories of Medicare provider services will not be viable).”
www.kpcb.com
Note: Emphasis added. Source: Statement of Actuarial Opinion, 2010 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal
Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 215
Balance Sheet: Even Excluding Unfunded Entitlement Benefits,
USA Inc.’s Net Worth = -$13 Trillion in F2010, Owing to $9 Trillion of Debt
Total Assets / Liabilities / Net Worth of USA Federal Government,
Using Government GAAP Accounting, F1996-F2010
USA Inc. Total Assets / Liabilities / Networth ($T)
$5
$
-$5
-$10
-$15
-$20
Liabilities (ex. Unfunded Entitlement Benefits)
Total Assets
Net Worth (ex. Unfunded Entitlement Benefits)
F1996
F1997
F1998
F1999
F2000
F2001
F2002
F2003
F2004
F2005
F2006
F2007
F2008
F2009
F2010
Note: USA Inc.’s balance sheet presented here does not include the financial value of the Government’s sovereign powers to tax, regulate commerce, and set monetary
policy. It also excludes its control over nonoperational resources, including national and natural resources, for which the Government is a steward. Total liabilities exclude
the net present value (NPV) of unfunded entitlement liabilities like Social Security / Medicare / other payments, which the Treasury Dept. considers ‘off-balance sheet’
responsibilities. U.S. government fiscal year ends in September. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Report on the U.S. Government, 1996 – 2010.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Balance Sheet Drilldown 216

Balance Sheet: Observations of Last Ten Years
� Unfunded promise of future entitlement spending grew 6x to -$31
trillion, owing to rapidly rising healthcare cost + new Medicare Part D
program + aging population in the medium-future.
� Federal net debt outstanding more than doubled to $9 trillion on the
back of chronic budget deficits, two major recessions in 2001 and 2008,
and growing entitlement spending.
� Federal employee & veteran benefits outstanding also more than
doubled, to $5.7 trillion, thanks to rising healthcare costs and ongoing
war on terror.
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What Might a Turnaround Expert—
Empowered to Improve USA Inc.’s
Financials—Consider?
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
221
First, Examine USA Inc. Key Drivers of Revenue & Expenses…
� USA Inc.'s Revenue = Highly Correlated (83%) with GDP Growth*
� 90% of USA Inc.'s 2010 revenue derived from taxing individual and corporate
income, which depends on GDP growth and changes to tax rates / composition.
� USA Inc.'s Expenses = Less (73%) Correlated with GDP Growth*
� Entitlement Programs = 57% of USA Inc.'s expenses in 2010
� driven by government policy + demographic changes
� Defense Programs = 20% of expenses
� driven by external threat levels and policy
� Net Interest Payments = 6% of expenses
� driven by net debt level + interest rates + composition of debt maturity
Observation: while revenue is highly correlated with GDP growth, expenses
are less so.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Historical inflation-adjusted correlation between GDP and revenue / expense Y/Y growth rates from 1940 to 2010, GDP / revenue
adjusted using GDP deflator; expenses adjusted using White House OMB’s composite outlay deflator. Nominal revenue / GDP correlation
over the same period is 84%; expense / GDP correlation is 71%. Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget, CBO.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 222
Then, Aim to Determine What ‘Normal’ Is…
� We review 40-year income statement patterns and focus on
‘average’ / ‘normal’ levels of USA Inc.’s revenue drivers
(primarily related to taxes) and expense drivers (by category)
as a percent of revenue, as a starting point to help define
‘average’ / ‘normal.’
� Established businesses typically determine their expense
levels based on their revenue trend / outlook.
� In a perfect world, the government (and its citizens) would
continually review the multiple variables in the income
statement of USA Inc. (in a bipartisan way) and would
work hard to foster compromise, in order to optimize
revenue and expenses for the long term AND the short term.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
223
Considering USA Inc.
‘Normal’ / Average Financial Metrics / Ratios For…
1) 1) Revenue Growth
2) 2) Revenue Drivers as Percent of Revenue
3) 3) Expense Growth by Category
4) 4) Category Expenses as Percent of Expenses
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 224
Revenue Growth: Average Federal Revenue (Driven by Taxes)
In-Line With GDP Growth
1965 – 2005 USA Real Federal Income Growth by Category vs. Real GDP Growth
Revenue Growth
1965 Y/Y 2005 Y/Y 40-yr CAGR
'05 vs 40-yr
Variance
Comments
Individual Income Taxes 11% 11% 3% 8%
Corporate Income Taxes 15 43 2 41
Social Insurance Taxes 12 5 5 1
Other Taxes & Fees -5 1 1 0
Individual & corporate income
taxes are cyclical; 2005 Y/Y
growth were significantly
affected by economic recovery
post 2001 recession.
Social insurance taxes & other
fees are less cyclical.
Social insurance taxes grew
significantly faster than GDP.
Total Federal Revenue 9% 11% 3% 8%
Real GDP 7% 3% 3% 0%
www.kpcb.com
“Normal”
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 225
Revenue Growth: Observations from Previous Slide
� We chose a 40-year period from 1965 to 2005 to examine ‘normal’ levels of
revenue and expenses. We did not choose the most recent 40-year period (1969
to 2009) as USA was in deep recession in 2008 / 2009 and underwent significant
tax policy fluctuations in 1968 /1969 and subsequently many metrics (like individual
income and corporate profit) varied significantly from ‘normal’ levels.
� Total USA Inc. revenue (collected via taxes) has grown at an average 3%
annual rate, in-line with 40-year GDP growth rate. Corporate taxes have – on
average – grown at 2% annually over 40 years. Social insurance taxes (for
Social Security and Medicare) have grown at an average 5% annual rate,
above the 3% GDP growth.
Questions:
1) How crucial is the role played by lower relative tax rates – especially for
corporations – in stimulating job and GDP growth and helping American maintain /
gain / constrain loss of global competitive advantage?
� 2) Should social insurance tax growth be more closely aligned with GDP growth?
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 226
Revenue Drivers as Percent of Total Revenue: Average Federal Revenue
Are Skewed to Social Insurance (Entitlement) Taxes and
Away from Corporate Income Taxes
1965 – 2005 USA Real Federal Income Mix by Category
Share of Total Revenue
40-yr
1965 2005 Average
'05 vs 40-yr
Variance
Individual Income Taxes 42% 43% 46% -3%
Corporate Income Taxes 22 13 12 1
Social Insurance Taxes 19 37 33 4
Other Taxes & Fees 17 7 10 -3
Total Federal Revenue 100% 100% 100% 0%
www.kpcb.com
“Normal”
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
227
Revenue Drivers as Percent of Revenue:
Observations from Previous Slide
� Social Insurance taxes (for entitlement programs) have risen materially
to 37% of revenue (vs. 33% 40-year average), and have risen
aggressively from 19% in 1965, owing to introduction of Medicare in
1965 and the 1983 reform of social security taxes.
� Questions:
1) What level of social insurance / entitlement ‘tax’ can USA Inc. support on
an on-going basis? Rising from 19% of revenue in 1965 to 33% of revenue
in 2005 – of which 75% was spent on healthcare – takes its toll on other
areas of spending / growth. There are serious tradeoffs - every dollar that
goes to entitlement programs is not spent on education, infrastructure, and
defense.
� 2) Why have corporate income taxes fallen to 13% of revenue in 2009 from
22% in 1965 aside from recession? How crucial has this been to maintain
global competitive advantage and stimulating American job and GDP
growth?
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 228
Expense Growth by Category: Entitlement Spending Growing Much Faster than
Other Expenses and 2% Higher than GDP Growth
1965 – 2005 USA Real Federal Expenses Growth by Category vs. Real GDP Growth
Expenses Growth
1965 Y/Y 2005 Y/Y 40-yr CAGR
'05 vs. 40-yr
Variance
Comments
Entitlement Expenses 12% 3% 6% -3%
Defense 12 6 1 4
Non-Defense Discretionary* 10 6 2 4
Entitlement expenses grew 2
percentage points faster than
GDP and overall expenses
Defense spending grew 2
percentage points below overall
expenses
Net Interest Payments 7 12 3 8
Total Federal Expenses 11% 5% 3% 2%
Real GDP 7% 3% 3% 0%
Normal
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded. *Non-defense discretionary
spending includes education, infrastructure, agriculture, housing, etc. Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
229
Expense Growth by Category:
Observations from Previous Slide
� While GDP and USA Inc. tax revenue have grown at a 3% annual rate
for 40 years, entitlement spending has grown 5%, net interest
payments have risen 3%, and defense plus non-defense discretionary
spending (including education, infrastructure, law enforcement and
judiciary) have risen by 1%. These different growth rates have become
even more pronounced in recent years.
� Questions:
1) Isn’t it time for a re-set and acknowledgment of trade-offs? Should taxes,
non-defense discretionary spending, and defense spending grow in line with
GDP over time? Should entitlement spending be restructured to be more
efficient and supportable by the ongoing financial dynamics of USA, Inc. and
also grow in line with or below GDP?
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 230
Expense Drivers as Percent of Total Expenses:
Entitlement + One-Time Items Are Crowding Out Other Federal Spending
1965 – 2005 USA Real Federal Expenses Mix by Category
Share of Total Expenses
40-yr
1965 2005 Average
'05 vs. 40-yr
Variance
Entitlement Expenses 21% 51% 42% 9%
Defense 43 20 24 -4
Non-Defense Discretionary* 29 22 23 -1
Net Interest Payments 7 7 11 -4
Total Federal Expenses 100% 100% 100% 0%
Normal
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded. *Non-defense discretionary
spending includes education, infrastructure, agriculture, housing, etc. Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
231
Category Expenses as Percent of Expenses:
Observations from Previous Slide
� Entitlement spending has risen to 51% of total spending, higher than 40-
year average of 42% (and much higher than the 21% in 1965), defense
spending has fallen to 20% from 24% average, non-defense discretionary
spending (including education, infrastructure, energy, law enforcement
and veteran services) has fallen to 22% from 23%, and net interest
payments have fallen to 7% from 11%, despite higher debt (largely because
of declining interest rates). These trends have become more pronounced
in recent years.
� Questions:
1) Should entitlement spending account for 51% (and rising) share of total USA
Inc.’s spending, while other key areas (such as education, infrastructure, energy,
law enforcement…) account for only 22% (and falling) of spending?
www.kpcb.com
Note: All data are inflation adjusted using GDP price index from BEA; ’05 vs. 40-yr variance is rounded.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 232
Bottom Line, as Data in This Presentation Indicate…
� USA Inc.’s expenses far exceed revenue – and government
projections imply this trend will get worse, not better.
�
In addition - while not addressed in depth in this presentation - USA Inc.
(while still a global powerhouse), at the margin, is losing competitive
advantage to many other countries.
� Instead of ignoring the problems, we simply ask the question…
How would a financial / turnaround expert look at USA Inc.’s financials,
business model, strategic plans, efficiency and aim to drive the
‘business’ to break-even (or a modest profit) over the next
5-10 years?
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
233
Matching Expenses & Revenue:
Imperatives & Constraints
There are many reasons to make changes
� USA Inc. is losing money, and forecasts imply it will continue to lose money.
� Net debt levels (62% in F2010) are expected to surpass 90% threshold* – above
which real GDP growth could slow by more than one percentage point – by 2021E.
� Spending (primarily related to entitlement programs) is at unsustainable levels
based on USA Inc.’s ability to fund the spending (without increasing debt levels).
� Americans rank ‘reducing America’s debt’ as one of country’s top priorities,
according to a national survey by Peter G. Peterson Foundation in 11/09.
� We are now in the midst of a major generational baton-passing (from the Baby
Boomers to Generation X) which requires preparation for policy change.
� Foreigners own 46% (and rising) of USA Inc.’s debt, per Treasury Department –
Are they going to keep funding USA Inc.’s spending?
Note: *Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff observed from 3,700 historical annual data points from 44 countries that the relationship between government debt
and real GDP growth is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP. Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average
growth falls considerably more. We note that while Reinhart and Rogoff’s observations are based on ‘gross debt’ data, in the U.S., debt held by the public is closer
to the European countries’ definition of government gross debt. For more information, see Reinhart and Rogoff, “Growth in a Time of Debt,” 1/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 234

Matching Expenses & Revenue:
Imperatives & Constraints
There are many constraints to making changes
� ~90 million citizens (29% of Americans) 1 have grown accustomed to entitlement
programs - 47MM on Medicaid, 45MM on Medicare, and 51MM on Social
Security, and many of them vote.
� Politicians depend on re-election campaigns, which can create conflicts,
especially given that only 12% of the population are willing to cut Social Security
and Medicare benefits, per Pew survey in 2/11.
� Low personal savings rates (near 6% of disposable income in CQ2:10), high
unemployment (near 10%) and economic uncertainty, which can limit ability to
make radical change.
� 14 million healthcare-related workers 2 have grown accustomed to relatively high
healthcare spending.
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) as of 2008, excludes double counting of beneficiaries of multiple entitlement programs; 2) as of 2008, per BEA. Source:
Social Security Administration, Dept. of Health & Human Services, BEA.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
235
And Then There’s the Constraint of
USA Inc.’s Weak Economy
� [The] typical error most countries make coming out of a
financial crisis is they shift too quickly to premature restraint.
You saw that in the United States in the 30s, you saw that in
Japan in the 90s. It is very important for us to avoid that
mistake. If the government does nothing going forward, then
the impact of policy in Washington will shift from supporting
economic growth to hurting economic growth.
� Timothy Geithner, Secretary of US Treasury
� The Wall Street Journal, September 12, 2010
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 236
�High-Level Thoughts on How to
Turn Around USA Inc.’s Financial Outlook
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
237
Negative Cash Flow =
USA Inc.'s Fundamental Financial Problem
� Negative cash flow implies that USA Inc. can't afford the
services it is providing to 'customers' (citizens).
� USA Inc. needs to re-prioritize its services and offer
them in a more cost-effective way to stop losing (and
borrowing) money.
� The financial data imply that USA Inc.'s operations must
be restructured.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 238
The First Step to a 'Turnaround' is Acknowledging
There is a Problem
� A turnaround situation is first recognized when there is serious concern
or dissatisfaction with the firm's [organization's] performance, results,
and/or near-term forecasts of [financial] performance and results.
�
- Richard Sloma, The Turnaround Manager's Handbook
� If your organization is in trouble, be honest. Make it absolutely clear to
everyone in the company that survival [long-term viability] depends on
cost management.
�
- Jon Meliones, “Saving Money, Saving Lives,” Harvard Business Review on Turnarounds
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
239
How Might a 'Turnaround Expert' Look at an Organization that
Needs to be 'Turned Around?'
� The recovery of a [challenged] company [or country]…depends on the
implementation of an appropriate rescue plan or turnaround prescription.
Characteristics of the appropriate remedy are that it must: 1) address the
fundamental problems; 2) tackle the underlying causes (rather than the
symptoms) and 3) be broad and deep enough in scope to resolve all the
key issues.
�
- Stuart Slatter, David Lovett, Laura Barlow, Leading Corporate Turnaround
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 240
Aim to Answer Questions Like These About USA Inc.…
Strategy / Financial Model
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
Which countries (or states) have ‘best practices’ (based on productivity and outcomes) in key areas of
operations (like healthcare, retirement plans, welfare, defense, education, infrastructure) – which of
these best practices can / should be implemented by USA Inc.?
What is the organization trying to solve for - what is USA Inc.'s mission? / Who are USA Inc.'s
customers?
Is USA Inc. providing its customers an optimized mix of services, based, in part, on ability to fund the
services?
Are there ‘business lines’ that USA Inc. should exit / scale back / expand?
Why is USA Inc. spending more money than it brings in (and borrowing more money) – what are the
checks and balances?
What do USA Inc.'s financials tell us about the health of the business?
Should USA Inc. consider a capital budget separated from the operating budget to ensure sufficient
levels of investment in education, technology and infrastructure?
What are the best attributes / biggest problems of USA Inc.'s business?
Does USA Inc. have a path to profitability (or break-even)?
How should the government improve transparency in long-term budgeting and projections? How can
USA Inc. engage the public in this process?
www.kpcb.com
Source: KPCB and Alvarez & Marsal Public Sector Services, LLC.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
241
…Aim to Answer Questions Like These About USA Inc….
People / Organizational Structure
� Has management effectively articulated a sound mission to its employees and constituents
- is USA Inc. properly organized to effectively achieve its mission?
� Does the organization have the right people, in the right places, at the right time?
� Does the business have a best-in-class leadership team and are they empowered to make
change?
� Are employees motivated / empowered / accountable for maximum performance?
� Are employees properly trained and compensated?
� Has the organization 'run the numbers' and effectively quantified the things that are
quantifiable?
� Do leading performance measures exist that support proactive management?
� How do you change the culture to be one that is steeped with focus on costs savings and
operating efficiency?
www.kpcb.com
Source: KPCB and Alvarez & Marsal Public Sector Services, LLC.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 242
…Aim to Answer Questions Like These About USA Inc.
Productivity / Operations
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
How does USA Inc. measure performance and progress – are tools in place to measure success / failure?
Should USA Inc. empower an independent / 3rd party auditor with expertise in government operations
around the world AND corporate turnarounds to conduct a broad-ranging audit of USA Inc.’s operations to
measure efficiency and productivity of each business lines?
Does USA Inc. have tight management and financial controls?
What is the best way to measure and improve individual program performance? Can Congress, the
administration and the agencies agree on common metrics?
Are there operations that should be centralized (like procurement, human resources, employee payroll and
benefits) and decentralized?
Are there operations that USA Inc. can outsource to local private companies to improve efficiency and
reduce costs?
Where should USA Inc. increase and or decrease investment?
Is USA Inc. investing for the future in a responsible way?
Should USA Inc. drive public / private partnership in infrastructure investment with collective ‘skin in the
game?’
Is the organization leveraging technology to improve productivity and connect with customers and suppliers?
How can USA Inc. improve business process related to time, cost and quality?
Does USA Inc. own assets it doesn't need that it can sell at attractive prices?
www.kpcb.com
Source: KPCB and Alvarez & Marsal Public Sector Services, LLC.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 243
Three Principles for a USA Inc. ‘Turnaround’
from Louis Gerstner
�
Do not impose ""across-the-board"" cost reductions
�
This is a simple and tempting remedy for an organization in fiscal trouble. But it is almost always
unproductive. A truly effective organization needs incremental investments in programs that drive
innovation and higher productivity. Moreover, across-the-board cuts are almost guaranteed to reduce
morale, promote short-sighted choices, and encourage accounting gimmicks that send people looking for
loopholes instead of creative solutions.
�
Focus on programs, not costs
�
The greatest productivity gains come from asking questions such as: What things are we doing now that
we do not need as much in the future? Can we eliminate them? Reduce their size? Provide them in a
totally restructured fashion?
�
Allow no exceptions
�
To drive a truly effective restructuring program, everything must be on the table. There can be no sacred
cows—no part of the organization that is exempt from scrutiny. Every unit of the organization may not
face a cut, but every unit needs to be rethought.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Louis V. Gerstner Jr. “Don’t Just Cut Government, Reinvent It,” Opinion in The Wall Street Journal, 2/1/2011.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 244
Financial Experts Tend to ‘Assume What Can Go Wrong,
Will Go Wrong,’ and Usually Manage Expenses in that Way
�
In projecting scenarios, financial experts would note that USA Inc.’s revenue and expenses are highly
correlated to economic changes – for example, a 0.1 percentage point slowdown in real GDP annual
growth rate could worsen USA Inc.’s F2011-F2020E budget deficit by $288B, or 5% owing to lower tax
revenue and higher welfare spending.
F2011-F2020E Impact on USA Inc.’s
Key
Economic
Variables
CBO Base-Case
Assumption
What if…
Revenue
($B / % of Base-
Case)
Spending
($B / % of Base-
Case)
Deficit
($B / % of Base-
Case)
Real GDP
Y/Y Growth
Rate
2.1% F2011E
4.4% F2012-14E
2.4% F2015-20E
Real GDP growth
rates are 0.1
percentage point
lower per year
-$247B
(-1%)
+$41B
(--%)
-$288B
(-5%)
Interest
Rates
4.6% on 3-month T-
bills
5.5% on 10-year T-
notes
Interest rates are 1
percentage point
higher
+$94B
(+0.3%)
+$1,214B
(+3%)
-$1,120B
(-19%)
Inflation 1.7%
Inflation is 1
percentage point
higher
+$2,475B
(+7%)
+$3,191B
(+7%)
-$715B
(-12%)
www.kpcb.com
Source: CBO, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020,” 1/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
245
Past Performance Does Not Guarantee Future Results –
Japan’s Economic Miracle From 1960 to 1990 Rapidly Deteriorated
Into the ‘Lost Decades’ of 1990’s & 2000’s
Japan Real GDP Annual Growth Rates, 1960 – 2010
Real GDP Annual Growth Rates (%)
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5%
Inflection Point –
Bursting of Real Estate
Bubble in 1991
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Average Annual Real GDP Growth, Japan vs. USA, 1960’s – 2000’s
1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
Japan 10% 5% 4% 1.5% 0.7%
USA 4% 3% 3% 4% 2%
www.kpcb.com
Source: World Bank, IMF.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 246
Unfunded Entitlement (Medicare + Social Security) + Underfunded
Entitlement Expenditures (Medicaid) =
Among Largest Long-Term Liabilities on USA Inc.'s Balance Sheet
USA Balance Sheet Liabilities Composition, F2010
Unfunded
Medicare
Medicaid*
$35.3T
All
Other
Federal
Employee
Benefits
Veteran
Benefits
Federal
Debt
Unfunded
Social
Security
$22.8T
$1.6T
$2.1T
$3.7T $9.1T $7.9T
www.kpcb.com
Note: Medicaid funding is appropriated by Congress (from general tax revenue) on an as-needed basis every year, therefore,
there is no need to maintain a contingency reserve, and, unlike Medicare, the “financial status” of the program is not in question
from an actuarial perspective. Here we estimated the net present value of future Medicaid spending through 2085E, assuming a
3% discount rate. Data source: Dept. of Treasury, Dept. of Health & Human Services Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
247
USA Inc.’s Financial Disconnect
� The country faces a fundamental disconnect between the
services the people expect the government to provide,
particularly in the form of benefits for older Americans, and
the tax revenues that people are willing to send to the
government to finance those services. That fundamental
disconnect will have to be addressed in some way if the
budget is to be placed on a sustainable course.
� - Douglas Elmendorf, Director of U.S. Congressional Budget Office, 11/10/2009
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 248
An Observation from Ben Bernanke,
Current Chairman of the Federal Reserve
� A famous economist once said anything that can’t go on
forever will eventually stop, and this [government liabilities
from entitlement programs] will stop, but it might stop in a
very unpleasant way in terms of sharp cuts, a financial crisis,
high interest rates that stop growth, continued borrowing
from abroad. So, clearly we need to get control of this over
the medium term, and specifically we’re going to have to
look at entitlements because that’s a very big part of the
obligations of the federal government going forward.
� -- Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve
� Testimony before House Budget Committee, June 9, 2010
www.kpcb.com
Note: Emphasis added.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
249
Bad News: USA Inc.’s Entitlement Programs are Inflation Indexed,
Thus Potential Inflation – Which Would Reduce General Consumer Purchasing
Power – Would Not Reduce Entitlement Liabilities
Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid Spending (All Indexed to Inflation) as % Total
Federal Spending 1970-2020E
60%
As Percentage of Total Outlays (%)
50%
40%
30%
20%
Social Security Medicare Medicaid
50%
10%
0%
1970 1978 1986 1994 2002 2010E 2018E
www.kpcb.com
Data sources: The Budget and Economic Outlook, CBO 6/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 250
Good News: While ‘Unfunded’ Liabilities Have Helped Bankrupt Companies,
USA Inc.'s Unfunded Liabilities are Not Legal Contracts
� Medicare / Social Security – While beneficiaries have a legal
entitlement to receive benefits as set forth under the Social Security Act,
Congress has the legal authority to change the levels of benefits
and/or the conditions under which they are paid. Congress’s
authority to modify provisions of the Social Security program was
affirmed in the 1960 Supreme Court decision in Flemming v. Nestor,
wherein the Court held that an individual does not have an accrued
“property right” in Social Security benefits. The Court has made clear in
subsequent decisions that the payment of Social Security taxes conveys
no contractual rights to Social Security benefits.
� Medicaid – Benefit levels & eligibility are determined jointly by Federal
and State governments. Federal funding is met through an appropriation
by Congress (and can be adjusted annually).
www.kpcb.com
Source: Congressional Research Service, Social Security Reform: Legal Analysis of Social Security Benefits Entitlement Issues.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
251
What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
1
2
Focus on
Expenses
Focus on
Revenues
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Change Tax
Policies
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 252
Focus on Expenses:
Reform Entitlement Programs + Focus on Operating Efficiency
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
253
For Each of the Major Problems, We Highlight:
1) Mathematical Illustrations and 2) Policy Options
� Mathematical Illustrations
� Here we simply calculate how big a revenue increase and/or expense
decrease each major entitlement program needs to reach financial breakeven.
� These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to
portray realistic solutions.
� Policy Options
� We do not take a view on preferred policy options.
� We present policy options from our healthcare experts + 3 rd party
organizations (such as the Congressional Budget Office and National
Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform) in an easy-to-understand
format to raise awareness and illustrate the financial impact of policy
decisions.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 254
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
255
Restructure Social Security: Variables To Make the Program
Financially Break-Even for the Long-Term
� Mathematical Illustrations* Slide 257–259
� 1) Retirement age – increase it to 73, from 67? or
� 2) Social Security benefits – decrease them by 12%? or
� 3) Social Security tax rate – increase it by 2 percentage points?
� Policy Options Slide 261–267
� 1) Combination of some / all mathematical illustrations above? and/or
� 2) Consider / implement CBO’s various policy options on Social Security’s tax
rates / taxable payroll / initial benefit formulas / cost-of-living adjustment… (July
2010)**? and/or
� 3) Consider / implement National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and
Reform’s policy proposals (November 2010)***?
www.kpcb.com
Note: *For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major
entitlement program needs to reach financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant
to portray realistic solutions. **See: CBO, “Social Security Options 2010.”
***See: National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, CoChairs’ Proposal, 11.10.10 Draft Document.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 256
Restructure Social Security: Mathematical Illustration #1 –
Increase Retirement Age From 67 to 73
Increase Retirement Age
80
70
67
+9%
73
Full Retirement Age (Years)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Current
Proposed
Note: For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major entitlement program needs to
reach financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
Note: Increase full retirement age to 73 will reduce average life expectancy at retirement to the same level as when Social Security was introduced in the
late 1930s. Source: Melissa M. Favreault and Richard W. Johnson, The Urban Institute, “Raising Social Security’s Retirement Age,” 7/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 257
Restructure Social Security: Mathematical Illustration #2 –
Reduce Social Security Expenses (Benefits) By 12%
Reduce Social Security Benefits by 12%, Immediately & Permanently
Average Annual Social Security Payments per
Beneficiary ($)
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
$13,010
-12%
$11,489
2009 2010&Beyond
Note: For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major entitlement program
needs to reach financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
Source: Social Security Administration forecast in “The 2010 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds,” 8/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 258

Restructure Social Security: Mathematical Illustration #3 –
Increase Social Security Tax Rate From 12.4% to 14.2%
Increase Social Security Tax Rate by 1.92 Percentage Points, Immediately & Permanently
16
14.2%
Payroll Tax Rate (%)
12
8
4
12.4%
+1.92
Percentage
Points
0
2009 2010&Beyond
Note: For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major entitlement program needs to
reach financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
Note: 1.92% is the estimated actuarial deficit for Social Security Trust Fund over a 75-year period from 2010 to 2085.
Source: Social Security Administration forecast in “The 2010 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and
Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds,” 8/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 259
Good News: Mathematical Illustrations to Fix Social Security’s
Financial Problems Do Not Seem Drastic
In fact, when Social Security was nearing bankruptcy in 1983, a
combination of moderate reforms led to 25 consecutive years of
operating surpluses.
� Highlights of 1983 Social Security Reform
� 1) Raised full retirement age to 67 by 2027 (from 65)*
� 2) Reduced annual benefits by 5% (via a 6-month delay in cost-of-living
adjustment in 1983 & subsequent changes in benefit formulas and tax
schemes) .
� 3) Raised Social Security tax rates by 2.3% (via an advancement in
scheduled tax increase).
� 4) Made Social Security benefits (up to 50%) taxable income.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *For people born in 1937 or earlier, full retirement age (with 100% Social Security benefit) remained at 65. For people
born after 1960, full retirement age was raised to 67. For people born between 1937 and 1960, the full retirement age
progressively increases from 65 to 67. Source: Social Security Administration archive.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 260
Restructure Social Security: Policy Options #1 –
Combining Raising Retirement Age + Reducing Benefits + Raising Tax Rates
� Consider:
� 1) Increase retirement age by 0-9% and/or
� 2) Reduce social security benefits by 0-12%? and/or
� 3) Increase social security tax rate from 12.4% to 14.2%? and/or
� 4) Combination of some / all of the above & more?
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
261
Restructure Social Security: Policy Options From the Congressional Budget
Office (CBO) to Reduce Social Security Future Deficits By
1) Changing Tax Codes 1
Policy Options
Future Deficit
Reduction 2 (%)
2% gradually over a 20-year period 100%
Increase Payroll Tax
Rate by …
3% gradually over a 60-year period 83
1% in 2012 50
No limit, without Increasing benefits 150%
Raise the Taxable
Earnings Limit 3 to …
No limit 100
$250,000, without Increasing benefits 83
90% of earnings 33
Impose 4% Tax on
Earnings Above …
$106,800, without Increasing benefits 50%
$250,000, without Increasing benefits 17
Note: 1) Benefits are adjusted as taxation is changed, unless specified otherwise 2) As % of the estimated present value of Social Security trust fund
cumulative deficit in future 75 years. 3) Currently at $106,800
Source: CBO, “Social Security Options 2010.”
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 262
Policy Options
Restructure Social Security: CBO’s Policy Options to
Reduce Social Security Future Deficits By
2) Changing Benefit Formula
Future Deficit
Reduction (%)
To Index Initial Benefits to Prices Rather Than Earnings 167 %
Reduce Primary
Insurance Amount 1
Factors ...
By ~33% for top 2 tiers of earnings 3 117
By 15% for all tiers of earnings 83
By 0.5% every year for all tiers of earnings 67
By ~33% for the top tier of earnings 17
Earnings in AIME 2 + Bend Points in PIA 1 to price 100%
Bend Points in PIA 1 formula to price 83
Index …
Earnings in AIME 2 formula to price 33
Initial benefits to changes in life expectancy 33
Lower Initial
Benefits 4 for ..
The top 70% of earners 83%
The top 50% of earners 67
Note: 1) Primary Insurance Amount (PIA): the benefit a person would receive if he/she elects to begin receiving retirement benefits at his/her normal
retirement age 2) Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME): an average of monthly income received by a beneficiary during their work life 3) Currently
there are 3 tiers of earnings in calculation of PIA – top tier = 15% of monthly earnings over $4,586; tier 2 = 32% of monthly earnings between $761 and
$4,586; tier 3 = 90% of monthly earnings below $761 4) Benefits for newly qualified individuals. Source: CBO, “Social Security Options 2010.”
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 263
Restructure Social Security: CBO’s Policy Solutions to
Reduce Social Security Future Deficits By
3) Raising Retirement Age / Lower Cost-of-Living Adjustment
Policy Options
Future Deficit
Reduction (%)
To 70 50%
Adjust Full Retirement
Age
Adjust Cost-of-living
Adjustment 1
Index to life expectancy 33
To 68 17
Reduce It by 0.5 Percentage Points 50%
Base It on the Chained CPI for All Urban Consumers 33
www.kpcb.com
Notes: 1) Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA): increases of Social Security’s general benefit based on cost of living, as
currently measured by CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
Source: CBO, “Social Security Options 2010.”
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 264
Restructure Social Security: Policy Options From Report of the
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
Policy Options
Gradually reduce future benefit payments to high earners while
increasing them for low earners by 2050
Gradually increase taxable maximum to 90% of covered earnings
by 2050
Apply refined inflation measure (chained-CPI) to cost-of-living
index
Future Social Security
Deficit Reduction 1
37%
35%
26%
Gradually increase retirement ages to 68 by 2050 / 69 by 2075 21%
Other 2 --
Total Future Social Security Deficit Reduction 116% 3
Note: 1) As % of the estimated present value of Social Security trust fund cumulative deficit in future 75 years. 2) Other measures include boosting benefit to
oldest old retirees and covering newly hired state and local workers after 2020. 3) total deficit reduction does not equal to the sum of individual reductions
owing to policy interplay. Source: National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, “The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on
Fiscal Responsibility and Reform,” 12/1/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 265
Restructure Social Security: Declining USA Household Savings Rate Creates
Challenge to Reducing Benefits as Americans are Under-Saving,
Thus Limiting Financial Cushion
Personal Savings Rate, 1965 – 2009
12%
9%
1965 – 1985 Average
10%
Personal Savings Rate (%)
8%
6%
4%
2%
3%
2000s Average
0%
1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
www.kpcb.com
Note: Personal savings rate is calculated as the amount of savings divided by disposable income (income after taxes).
Source: BEA.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 266
Restructure Social Security: Especially High Unemployment Levels Also
Create Challenge to Reducing Benefits
25%
USA Unemployment Rate, 1928 – 2010 YTD
20%
Unemployment Rate (%)
15%
10%
1948-2010 Average
Unemployment Rate
5.7%
5%
0%
1928 1933 1938 1943 1948 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008
www.kpcb.com
Source: BLS, 2010 data as of 8/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
267
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 268
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid:
Observations About America’s Healthcare System
� 1) High Expenses – however measured, the costs are high:
a) total dollars; b) share of GDP relative to other countries;
c) cost relative to ability to pay (government, business, or
individual), and
2) Inefficiencies – both the data and the insights of doctors,
nurses, patients, and healthcare professionals identify
opportunities for more efficient communication, data sharing
and cost saving.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
269
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Mathematical Challenge Related to
Government Healthcare Programs Facing USA Inc. per CBO Forecasts
Medicare & Medicaid Have Been Crowding Out Spending for Other Federal
Programs and are Projected to Exceed All Federal Revenue by 2080E
Federal Revenue & Medicare / Medicaid Spending as % of GDP, 1965 – 2080E
Federal Revenue & Medicare / Medicaid Spending as % of
GDP
www.kpcb.com
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Federal Revenue as % of GDP
(forecast based on historical trend line)
Federal Spending on
Medicare & Medicaid as
% of GDP
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015E 2025E 2035E 2045E 2055E 2065E 2075E
Source: CBO Long-Term Budget Outlook alternative fiscal scenario, 6/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 270
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Variables in Restructuring Medicare &
Medicaid to Reduce Material Impact on USA Inc.’s Expenses
� Mathematical Illustrations* Slide 273–274
� 1) Medicare benefits – reduce them by 53% (or cap them)? or
� 2) Medicare tax rate – increase it by 4 percentage points?
� Policy Options Slide 275–328
� 1) Combination of mathematical illustrations – reduce benefits and/or increase
taxes? and/or
� 2) Isolate and address the drivers of medical cost inflation? and
� 3) Improve efficiency / productivity of healthcare system? and
4) Reduce services for some Medicaid beneficiaries? and
� 5) Consider / implement CBO’s 26 policy options that could reduce annual
budget deficit by up to 38%?** and/or
� 6) Consider / Implement National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and
Reform’s medium- and long-term policy options***
Note: *Each mathematical illustration would bring Medicare Part A into long-term (75-year) actuarial balance. There is no mathematical illustration for
Medicaid or Medicare Part B & D as there’s no ‘dedicated’ funding.
**See: CBO, “Budget Options, Volume 1: Health Care,” 12/2008.
***See: National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, “Co-Chairs’ Proposal,” 11/10/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
271
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Mathematical Illustrations*
� Mathematical Illustrations*
� 1) Medicare benefits – reduce / cap them?
� or
� 2) Medicare tax rate – increase it?
Note: *For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major entitlement program needs
to reach financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
272
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Mathematical Illustration #1 –
Reduce Medicare Benefits* By 53%
Sizing the problem:
It would take massive (53%) benefit cuts to address the shortfall of Medicare*
funding
$6,000
$5,000
$5,179
-53%
Average Annual Medicare*
Payments per Beneficiary ($)
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$2,434
$0
2009 2010&Beyond
Note: For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major entitlement program needs to reach
financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services forecast in “2009 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary
Medical Insurance Trust Funds,” 5/09. *Note that data presented here are limited to Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) Trust Fund. Medicare Part B (Medical
Insurance) and Part D (Prescription Drug Benefits) are primarily funded via insurance premiums and general tax revenue transfers. Note also that data presented
here are estimates prior to PPACA (2009 healthcare reform).
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 273
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Mathematical Illustration #2 –
Increase Medicare Tax Rate From 2.9% to 6.8%
Sizing the problem:
It would take massive (3.9 percentage points) payroll tax hikes on individual and
businesses to address the Medicare* funding shortfall
Payroll Tax Rate (%)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
2.9%
+3.9
Percentage
Points
6.8%
1
0
2009 2010&Beyond
Note: For mathematical illustrations, we simply calculate how big a revenue increase AND / OR expense decrease each major entitlement program needs to reach
financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services forecast in “2009 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary
Medical Insurance Trust Funds,” 5/09. *Note that data presented here are limited to Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) Trust Fund. Medicare Part B (Medical
Insurance) and Part D (Prescription Drug Benefits) are primarily funded via insurance premiums and general tax revenue transfers. Note also that data presented
here are estimates prior to PPACA (2009 healthcare reform).
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 274

Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Options
� Policy Options
� 1) Combination of mathematical solutions – reduce benefits and / or increase
taxes? and/or
� 2) Isolate and address the drivers of rising healthcare costs? and
� 3) Improve efficiency / productivity of healthcare system? and
4) Reduce services for some Medicaid beneficiaries? and
� 5) Consider / implement CBO’s 26 policy options that could reduce annual
budget deficit by up to 38%? and/or
� 6) Consider / Implement National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and
Reform’s medium- and long-term policy options?
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
275
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option #1
� Combination of mathematical solutions –
reduce benefits and/or increase taxes?
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 276
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Combination of Reducing Benefits
(Including Covered Lives) & / or Raising Taxes
� Consider:
� 1) Reduce Medicare benefits by 53%? and/or
� 2) Increase Medicare tax rate from 2.9% to 6.8%? and/or
� 3) Some combination of all / some the above
� However you look at it, this math is draconian. A 53% cut in
Medicare benefits and / or more than doubling taxes are unrealistic.
The situation for Medicaid is even worse, as Medicaid has no
dedicated funding source.
� Neither Medicare nor Medicaid has yet fully faced up to the crisis and
reform that Social Security experienced in the early 1980s.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
277
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option #2
� Isolate and address the drivers
of rising healthcare costs
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 278
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Isolate and Address the Key Drivers
of Rising Healthcare Costs
USA Total Healthcare Spending Has Risen Faster than Peers’ (France, UK and Japan)*
Total Healthcare Spending as % of GDP
1970 2007
7% 16%
5% 11%
5% 8%
5% 8%
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Ranked by total healthcare spending in 2007; 1970 comparable data not available for Germany because of reunification.
Source: OECD, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Kaiser Family Foundation.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
279
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Incentives Support Healthcare Cost Growth
• Consumers demand healthcare services with less regard
for the full economic impact as they pay only a fraction of
the true cost out of pocket.
• Healthcare service providers are generally rewarded for
pushing more services through the system, largely with
relatively less regard for cost effectiveness.
Bottom line = Powerful forces encourage spending
related to social / economic / legal issues throughout
the healthcare system.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Doug Simpson, Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 280
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social + Economic + Legal Factors
Drive Incentives to Spend
1) Social – Growing + aging population (with related
disproportionate spending on end-of-life care) and unhealthy
lifestyles.
2) Economic – Healthcare service providers have financial
incentives to perform more services and drive revenue while
consumers often have little incentive to manage incremental
cost.
3) Legal - Rising overhead from defensive medicine (to avoid
lawsuits) and from regulatory compliance costs.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
281
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Forces that Push Up
Healthcare Spending
� 1) Growing and Aging Population
� 2) Unhealthy Lifestyles
� 3) Possible Solutions
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 282
� 1) Growing and Aging Population
� 2) Unhealthy Lifestyles
� 3) Possible Solutions
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
283
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Factors—
USA is Aging…13% of Americans Over 65 Years Old, Up from 5% in 1930
Older Population (65+) as Percent of Total Population, 1930 / 1970 / 2010E
Total Population
310MM
Total Population
203MM
13%
Total Population
123MM
Age 65+
5%
10%
1930 1970 2010E
# of Elderly
6MM
# of Elderly
20MM
# of Elderly
40MM
www.kpcb.com
Source: US Census Bureau.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 284
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Factors—
Older People Spend 2x More per Year on Healthcare than Younger Americans
Share of Population vs. Healthcare Spending by Age Group, 2004
Population & Healthcare Spending % Share of Total
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
25%
13%
$2,650
63%
53%
$4,511
$14,797
34%
12%
$16,000
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
Annual Per Capita Healthcare Spending ($)
0-18 19-64 65+
Share of Population
Share of Healthcare Spending
Annual Healthcare Spending per Person
www.kpcb.com
Source: Dept. of Health & Human Services, US Census Bureau.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
285
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Factors—
~28% of Annual Medicare Spending Geared Toward End-of-Life Care
(Last 12 Months)
2008 Medicare Total Benefit Expense
$363B
Medicare Spending on
Recipient’s Final Year of Life
$101B
28%
• People 65+ spent $14,797 per
year on healthcare on average in
2004, 3x what working-age
people (19-64) spend.
• It’s notable that ~28% of average
Medicare recipient spending occurs
in the final year of life and 12%
occurs in the final two months of
life.
www.kpcb.com
Sources: CMS, Medpac, Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy, 3/10
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 286
� 1) Growing and Aging Population
� 2) Unhealthy Lifestyles
� 3) Possible Solutions
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
287
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Factors—
32% of Americans Considered Obese in 2008, Up from 15% in 1990…
1990
USA Adult Obesity Levels by State, 1990, 1999, 2008
1999
Obesity-Related Diseases
2008
Diabetes / Cancer / Respiratory /
Heart / Joint Diseases …
Obesity-Related Medical Costs
$147 billion in 2008, up 2x from 1998
to 7% of Healthcare Cost
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–������������������
Note: An adult is considered obese if his / her Body Mass Index (BMI) is over 30. Source: Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, “America’s Health Rankings, A Call to Action for People and Their Communities, 2009 Edition”.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 288
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Factors—
Rising Obesity Pushes Up Healthcare Cost
� An estimated 7% of $2.1 trillion healthcare costs
(including those linked to diabetes, cancer, heart /
respiratory / joint diseases) were related to obesity in
2008. By comparison, that’s more than all corporate
income tax revenue that year.
www.kpcb.com
Note: Nearly half of all people in the U.S. with European ancestry carry a variant of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO)
gene, vs. 25% of U.S. Hispanics, 15% of African Americans and 15% of Asian Americans, per UCLA.
Source: “Annual Medical Spending Attributable To Obesity: Payer- And Service-Specific Estimates.""
Eric A. Finkelstein, Justin G. Trogdon, Joel W. Cohen, and William Dietz.
Health Affairs , July 27, 2009.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 289
� 1) Growing and Aging Population
� 2) Unhealthy Lifestyles
� 3) Possible Solutions
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 290
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Social Factors—Possible Solutions
Boost Healthcare Education & Incentives to Drive Better Choices
� Emphasize on disease prevention and wellness.
� Education and information
� Highlight health risk associated with certain behaviors and lifestyles
� Financial incentives for healthy habits
� Create social programs to champion healthy lifestyles and consumption
� Subsidize healthy foods for lower income population
� Discourage unhealthy behavior and consumption.
� Penalize poor health choices (create new incentives based upon lessons learned
from higher life insurance fees for smokers and car insurance fees for speeders)
� Consider additional / new taxes on cigarettes, non-diet sodas, etc.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
291
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Forces that Push Up
Healthcare Spending
1) Open access healthcare plans can increase access to care
(via greater choices of care providers), but can also
increase cost.
2) Consumers and providers are not always incentivized to
constrain their healthcare costs.
3) Even when appropriate, poor information & lack of price
transparency complicate comparison shopping for
consumers.
4) Advances in medical technology drive demand and costs.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 292
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Rise in Usage of “Open Access” Healthcare Plans Makes It Harder to
Control Patient Choices…Subsequently, Cost of Care Increases
Societal demand for less restrictive health insurance has driven a gradual switch to open access
plans. These plans offer consumers greater choices of medical providers, but at higher costs.
Share of Tightly Managed vs. Open Access Healthcare Plans in USA, 1988 - 2008
100%
% of All Healthcare Plans
80%
60%
40%
20%
Open Access
(PPO + POS)
Tightly Managed
(Conventional +
HMO)
Other (HDHP)
0%
1988 1996 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Note: PPO is Preferred Provider Organization, which allows enrollees to select any doctor / hospital in the insurance provider’s network without going through a
primary care physician. HMO is Health Maintenance Organization, which requires enrollees to coordinate all healthcare via a primary care physician (a family
doctor). POS is Point Of Service, which combines the features of an HMO and a PPO. HDHP is High-Deductible Health Plan, a form of catastrophic coverage with
lower premiums and higher deductibles than a traditional plan. Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1999-2009; KPMG Survey of
Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1993, 1996; The Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA), 1988
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 293
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Less Incentive for Consumers or Providers to Control Costs
When Someone Else (Government / Taxpayers) Pays the Bills
Out-of-Pocket Spending Accounted for Just 12% of Healthcare Spending in 2009,
Down from 48% in 1960
50%
Out-of-Pocket Payments
Payments as % of Total Healthcare Spending
40%
30%
20%
10%
48%
Medicare
Introduced
Medicare + Medicaid Payments
Out-of-Pocket Medical Payments as % of Disposable Income
7%
4% 3%
35%
12%
0%
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
www.kpcb.com
Source: Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 294
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors –
Employer and Government Funding System Separates Consumers from
True Costs of Healthcare
� When one doesn’t pay directly and gets an expensive good / service for
free (or well below cost), one tends to consume more – it’s basic supply
and demand economics.
� Count up the subsidies:
� Medicaid: 47 million (24MM children / 12MM low-income adults / 7MM
disabled / 4MM elderly) Americans (15% of population) each received $6,872
in taxpayer funds, on average, for healthcare in 2008 through Medicaid. That
$6,872 equals ~19% of annual per-capita income for Americans.
� Medicare: 45 million elderly Americans (15% of population) averaged $7,991
per person for healthcare in 2008 ($4,875 for hospital care; $3,116 for medical
insurance and prescription drugs). That equals ~23% of annual per capita
income.
� Private Market: 157mm Americans with private health coverage (subsidized
by employers) in 2008 paid just 16% of the total premium cost themselves for
single coverage and 27% for family coverage. In effect, that represented taxfree
“earnings” of $3,951 for singles or $9,256 for families (not including the
tax savings on their personal premium contributions).
www.kpcb.com
Source: Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
295
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Healthcare Providers Are Rewarded for Driving Revenue
• While striving to provide the best care possible, healthcare
providers tend to have financial / legal / societal incentives to
provide more care, all else equal.
• Reimbursement for providers is generally volume-based (e.g., more
procedures generate more revenue for care providers), though there
are efforts to increasingly focus on quality.
• Unlike car buyers, for example, who often disregard a dealer’s
maxed-out model and choose only the features that are important to
them and what they can afford, healthcare buyers tend to buy all the
“features” as: 1) buyers (patients in this case) are typically not
medical experts, so they defer to doctors / care providers for
decisions; and 2) buyers only bear a small portion of the costs as
someone else (employer or government) is paying for the features.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 296
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Rising Healthcare Costs Disproportionately Borne by Employers and Individuals
Over the last few decades, private payors (employer-sponsored health insurance
plans) have consistently paid more than government payors (Medicare / Medicaid) and
have, in effect, subsidized government reimbursement.
Payment to Cost Ratio
140%
130%
120%
110%
100%
90%
80%
Healthcare Service Payment to Cost Ratio, 1990 - 2006
Private Payor
Medicare
Medicaid
70%
www.kpcb.com
60%
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Source: Avalere Health Analysis of American Hospital Association Annual Survey data, 2006, for community hospitals.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
297
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Differential Payment Rates Can Create a
Negative Cycle Leading to Erosion of Private Healthcare Coverage and
Higher Entitlement Spending
5. Employers/
Consumers Drop
Insurance Coverage
4. Higher Health
Insurance Premiums
3. Higher Private
Market Cost Trend
2. Cost Shifting onto
the Private Market
1. Providers Charge
Higher Prices to
Private Market than to
Government Market
6. Increasing Number
of Uninsured
7. Increasing Use of
Medicaid / Medicare
8. Government
Reimbursement
Pressure Rises
9. Government Lowers
Reimbursement Rate to
Providers
www.kpcb.com
Source: Doug Simpson, Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 298
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Reimbursement Reform Is Easier Said than Done Owing to Political Sensitivity…
Percentage Contribution to Medicare
Medical Cost Growth Rate
by Spending Type, 2019E
Key Issues:
All Other
Rx Drugs
Nursing Home &
Home Health
9.9%
16.2%
Physician
& Clinical
Services
9.3%
20.1%
44.5%
Hospital
Care
- Consumers understandably do not
like constraints on their care
location.
- Doctors, nurses and hospitals are
fulfilling a difficult task at the core of
the healthcare delivery system.
- Care providers are very important
to local communities.
- Local hospitals are large
employers.
- Many hospitals are struggling
financially.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Data per CMS’ National Health Expenditure database, Doug Simpson, Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
299
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Healthcare Service Providers are Already “Underpaid” by Government
USA Community Hospital Profit Margins & Inpatient Discharges by Payor Class
32%
�
Profit margins by
payor class (%),
2007
-9% -12%
-45%
4.5%
Profit margins from patients
with employer sponsored
insurance are sufficient to
leave hospital industry with
positive overall margin,
despite being only 36% of
inpatient discharges.
�
Percent of total
inpatient
discharges, by
payor class
(%), February
2009
36%
Employer
Sponsored
Insurance
42%
Medicare
17% 5%
Medicaid Self-Pay
100%
Total
Reimbursement cuts to
Medicare and/or Medicaid
would pose significant
challenges, as hospitals
already realize negative
margins from those payor
classes.
Source: Avalere Health analysis of American Hospital Association Annual Survey data, 2007, for community hospitals. Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 300
www.kpcb.com
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Poor Information & Lack of Price Transparency
Make it Harder for Consumers to “Comparison Shop”
Patients are at a healthcare information disadvantage in two respects 1 :
• Lack of transparency:
‣ It’s harder for consumers to compare prices of healthcare services from
different healthcare providers than in other consumer markets given the
complexity of healthcare market.
‣ With employer- / government-subsidized insurance, many patients are
‘locked in’ with their insurance plans that do not incentivize “shopping
around.”
• Knowledge gap:
‣ Unlike other markets where consumers tend to use their own information and
preferences, consumers depend more on the advice and guidance of
physicians or other healthcare suppliers.
‣ Unlike other “merchandise,” healthcare is literally of life-and-death
importance to consumers, making risk aversion – and price
insensitivity – higher. This price insensitivity is exacerbated because the
consumer, in effect, gets it at a discounted price anyway.
Source: 1) Accounting for the cost of US healthcare, McKinsey Global Institute
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 301
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Consumers Increasingly Demand Expensive Treatment and Are Able to
Pay for it With Government Subsidies
Total High-End Surgeries up 50x from 1970-2004, Driven by Medical
Advancements + Consumer Ability to Spend Assisted by Government Payments
Coronary Procedures
# of Patients (Aged 50+) Undergoing
Advanced Procedures in USA
1970 2004
Typical Costs per
Procedure ($)
Angioplasty / Stent
Implantation
<20,000 1.1 million $12,000
Pacemaker / ICD 1 <10,000 350,000 $15-34,000
Bypass <10,000 220,000 $28,000
Dialysis Procedures <10,000 480,000
Joint Replacement Procedures
$24-72,000 per
year
Hip <20,000 390,000 $12,500
Knee -- 440,000 $12,500
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) ICD is Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, which is similar to a pacemaker but for a heart rhythm that beats too fast.
Cost of procedure approximated by Medicare reimbursement.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 302
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors—
Unconstrained Access to Medical Technology Increases Cost of Care…
� Researchers generally agree that advances in medical technology
have contributed to rising US Health Spending 1
� Medical technology affects the costs of care through several
“mechanisms of action” 2
�
�
�
�
�
�
New treatments for previously untreatable terminal conditions
Major advances in clinical ability to treat previously untreatable acute conditions
New procedures for discovering and treating secondary diseases
New indications for a treatment over time
Ongoing, incremental improvements in existing capabilities
Major advances or the cumulative effect of incremental gains extending clinical
practice to conditions once regarded beyond its boundaries
� Very expensive, high-end medical procedures (such as dialysis and heart
bypass) – which can easily cost as much as the average annual income of
an American – are increasingly 60-70% subsidized by taxpayer dollars.
www.kpcb.com
Source: 1) “How Changes in Medical Technology Affect Healthcare Costs,” Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2007; 2) Richard A.
Retting, “Medical Innovation Duels Cost Containment,” Health Affairs (Summer 1994).
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 303
Opportunity for Two Mutually Reinforcing Cycles:
Information + Incentives…
� More widespread adoption of healthcare information technology, in particular
clinical decision support software, should yield better information and provider
decisions.
� Healthcare is at the cusp of leveraging decision-support technology after
historically lagging other industries.
� Opportunity to develop best practices to improve patient care and outcomes
and reduce medical errors and costs.
� More evidence-based care could help to narrow the variation in practice norms
� The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provided approximately
$19 billion for Medicare and Medicaid Health IT incentives.
� Medpac summarizes the opportunities and issues succinctly.
� ""Drivers of investment in IT include the promise of quality and efficiency gains.
Barriers include the cost and complexity of IT implementation, which often
necessitates significant work process and cultural changes. Certain
characteristics of the health care market—including payment policies that
reward volume rather than quality, and a fragmented delivery system—can also
pose barriers to IT adoption.""
Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 304

…Opportunity for Two Mutually Reinforcing Cycles:
Information + Incentives
� Improving incentives for providers and consumers is also critical.
� Providers need appropriate incentives to improve quality of care and lower
costs.
� Drivers include more widespread adoption of bundled payments and
accountable care organizations.
� Tort reform could play an important role.
� Consumers need to take more responsibility for their own health and to utilize
the healthcare system appropriately.
� Appropriate social and financial incentives are key.
Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 305
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors–Possible Solutions
1) Cost-Sharing and/or
2) Reimbursement Reform and/or
3) Improving Cost & Quality Transparency and/or
4) Deploy Cost-Benefit Analysis for Medical
Technology Spending
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 306
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors–Possible Solutions
1) Cost-Sharing
• Cost-sharing can help control demand for a portion of healthcare by creating
incentives for consumers to shop for most cost-effective treatments (although those
benefits would be somewhat mitigated by the skew in health spending toward high
users).
• Once again, a Math Problem: Consider a routine physician office visit in which a provider
suggests and / or patient requests various tests, procedures, etc.
• Patient #1 covered by a plan with a $20 co-pay (i.e., a flat fee regardless of the level or
intensity of care performed during the visit)
• Patient #2 covered by a plan with a 10% co-insurance for in-network care (i.e.,
responsible for 10% of the aggregate billed charges)
• Clearly, patient #2 will become more sensitive to necessity and cost of care beyond a
level of $200 of total healthcare services
• Note that deductibles drive similar dynamic as a co-pay: once the deductible is met, the
member has little or no “skin in the game”
• Only 14-18% of employer-sponsored health insurance plans use pro-rata cost sharing (i.e.
co-insurance in example #2 above). Most (77%) insurance plans only use a co-pay (in
example #1), which gives consumers little incentive to shop the most cost-effective treatment
path.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 2009
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
307
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors–Possible Solutions
2) Reimbursement Reform
Reimbursement reform could help shift drivers of payment from quantity of
care to quality of care. The following list provides a few options to consider.
• Bundled Payments: Providers get a fixed budget to treat an episode of care (i.e. a broken
hip). Exceeding the budget means providers absorb additional costs; staying under it lets
provider benefit from savings.
• Examples: PROMETHEUS Payment System 1 , Medicare Acute Care Episode
Demonstration 2
• Global payment system 3 (i.e., capitation): Providers are paid up-front to provide care that their
patient receives over a period, incentivizing them to manage costs and quality. This global
payment is adjusted periodically to reward accessible and high-quality care.
• Pay for performance 4 : Reimbursement for care providers varies, based on various quality and
efficiency measures such as discharge rate and readmission rate.
• Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs): Provider groups accept responsibility for the cost
and quality of care for a specific population of patients 5
• The recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes regulations
supporting the creation of Accountable Care Organizations
• Other models often discussed to improve coordination / efficiency and reduce costs : 1)
integrated delivery systems; 2) multispecialty group practices; 3) physician-hospital
organizations; 4) independent practice associations; 5) virtual physician organizations
Source: 1) Cutting Healthcare Costs by Putting Doctors on a Budget, Time 1) Adopted in Rockford, IL in Jan 2010 2) Medicare Demonstration Project Overviews,
www.cms.gov/demoprojects 3) Recommendations of the Special Commission on the Healthcare Payment, Commonwealth of Massachusetts 4) Pay for
Performance Incentive Programs in Healthcare , Geoffrey Baker 5) How the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation Should Test Accountable Care
Organizations, Stephen Shortell, Lawrence P. Casalino and Elliott S. Fisher for Health Affairs, July 2010
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 308
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors–Possible Solutions
3) Improving Cost & Quality Transparency
• Improving cost and quality transparency of healthcare services could help
doctors and patients make more informed decisions for each situation.
• Though enhancing competition and price transparency in healthcare is not
easy, 1 new models for encouraging “comparison shopping” are emerging:
• Castlight Health, a start-up financed by venture capitalists and the
Cleveland Clinic, is working to build a search engine for healthcare prices 2
• Other services beginning to publish price information: Thomson Reuters,
Change: healthcare, and health insurers (e.g., the Aetna Navigator) 2
• A 2007 study by Deloitte proposes a “Price Transparency Checklist for
States”:
• provide prices for services that matter to consumers
• make it easy to understand
• keep care providers, insurance & pharmaceutical companies engaged and informed
• provide price and quality measures
• keep expanding price transparency initiatives
• maintain methodological rigor
• promote access and use of price information
• evaluate impact and ROI
Source: 1) The Market for Medical Care: Why You Don’t Know the Price; Why You Don’t Know about Quality; And What Can Be Done About It, by Devon M.
Herrick and John C. Goodman, March 12, 2007; 2) “Bringing Comparison Shopping to the Doctor’s Office,” The New York Times, June 10, 2010; 3) Healthcare
Price Transparency: A Strategic Perspective for State Government Leaders, by Deloitte Center for Health Solutions, 2007
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 309
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Economic Factors–Possible Solutions
4) Deploy Cost-Benefit Analysis for Medical Technology Spending
� Deploying cost-benefit analysis for medical technology
spending can help ensure we are spending resources wisely.
� Directly measuring the impact of new technology on total
healthcare spending – and its true value – is very difficult 1
� The Kaiser Foundation outlines some of the more common policy
suggestions for dealing with this driver of costs:
� Cost-effectiveness analysis (i.e., comparative effectiveness)
� Rationing (unlikely to be adopted owing to political sensitivity),
regulation, budget-driven constraints (used by other countries
but generally not popular in the U.S.)
� Market-based rationing (consumer-driven healthcare, pay-forperformance,
information technology)
www.kpcb.com
Source: 1) “How Changes in Medical Technology Affect Healthcare Costs,” Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2007.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 310
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Legal Forces that Push Up
Healthcare Spending
1) Defensive Medicine
2) Possible Solutions
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
311
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Legal Factors—
“Defensive Medicine” Drives up Healthcare Spending
• Defensive Medicine consists of procedures or tests that a doctor
orders to avoid possible future malpractice lawsuits.
• The practice is prevalent among US physicians and is contributing
factor to healthcare spending. According to a survey of 824
physicians in 2005 1 :
• 93% said they had engaged in the practice of Defensive Medicine
• 59% said they often ordered more diagnostic tests than medically
necessary
• 52% said they referred patients to other specialists in unnecessary
circumstances
• 33% said they often prescribed more medications than medically
necessary
www.kpcb.com
Source: 1) David Studdert, et al., American Medical Association, “Defensive Medicine Among High-Risk Specialist Physicians
in a Volatile Malpractice Environment,” 6/2005.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 312
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Legal Factors—Possible Solution
Tort Reform Could Reduce Incentives of Defensive Medicine
Ways to control costs from tort litigation without jeopardizing patient
health
The CBO listed a package of tort reform proposals (10/09):
� Cap of $250,000 on awards for noneconomic damages for malpractice
� Cap on awards for punitive damages of $500,000 or twice the award for
economic damages, whichever is greater
� Modification of the “collateral source” rule to allow evidence of income from
such sources as health and life insurance, workers’ compensation, and
automobile insurance and subtract it from jury awards
� A statute of limitations – one year for adults and three years for children –
from the date of discovery of an injury
� Replacement of joint-and-several liability with fair-share rule: Defendants
would be liable only for the percentage of a final award equal to their share of
responsibility
www.kpcb.com
Source: Congressional Budget Office, Letter to the Honorable Orrin G. Hatch dated October 9, 2009; Congressional Budget
Office, Letter to the Honorable John D. Rockefeller IV dated December 10, 2009
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
313
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Legal Factors—Possible Solution
Tort Reform Could Save USA Inc. $54 Billion Over Next 10 Years
• CBO estimates that a package of typical tort reform proposals could
reduce total US health spending by 0.5% annually:
� Direct savings: Roughly 0.2% of this reduction stems from lower national
premiums for medical malpractice insurance.
� Indirect savings: Another 0.3% stems from slightly lower utilization of
services related to defensive medicine.
• Over 10 years, CBO estimated tort reform could reduce net healthcare
spending by $54 billion:
• Spending for Medicare, Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program,
and Federal Employees Health Benefits could fall ~$41 billion over the
next decade (with the greatest savings in Medicare).
• Federal tax revenues could rise by ~$13 billion as lower health insurance
costs for employers could lead to higher take-home pay for employees
and therefore higher income taxes for USA Inc.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Congressional Budget Office, Letter to the Honorable Orrin G. Hatch dated October 9, 2009; Congressional Budget
Office, Letter to the Honorable John D. Rockefeller IV dated December 10, 2009
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 314
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option #3
� Improve Efficiency / Productivity
of Healthcare System
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
315
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Most Businesses are Performance-
Based, Many Components of Healthcare System are Not
USA Healthcare Outcome (based on Life Expectancy) Have Room For
Improvement Relative to Other Countries
Healthcare Spending per capita vs. Average Life Expectancy Among OECD Countries, 2007
85
Average Life Expectancy at Birth (Years)
80
75
Mexico
S. Korea
Hungary
Japan
UK
Linear Trend line (ex. USA)
�
USA
70
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
www.kpcb.com
Total Expenditure on Health per capita, $US (PPP Adj.)
Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 316
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: In Addition to Life Expectancy, USA Falls
Behind OECD Averages in Many Other Health Indicators
2007 Health Indicators
USA
OECD
Median
USA Ranking
(1 = Best, 30 = Worst)
RED = Below Average
Obesity (% of total population) 34 15 30
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) 7 4 27
Medical Resources Available (per 1,000 population)
Total Hospital Beds 3 6 25
Practicing Physicians 2 3 22
Doctors’ Consultations per Year 4 6 19
MRI Machines* (per million population) 26 9 1
Cause of Death (per 100,000 population)
Heart Attack 216 178 22
Respiratory Diseases 60 45 21
Diabetes 20 12 20
Cancer 158 159 14
Stroke 33 45 8
www.kpcb.com
Note: *MRI is Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
317
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Effectiveness Research Could Improve
Efficiency (i.e., Outputs Track Inputs)
� Comparative Effectiveness evaluates different options for treating a condition for a
specific set of patients 1
�
�
Either relative benefits and risks of various treatment options (technology
assessment, evidence-based medicine), or
Both clinical effectiveness and relative cost (cost-benefit analysis).
� Without rigorous data about comparative effectiveness, according to the CBO:
�
�
Treatment decisions often depend on anecdotal evidence, conjecture, and the
experience/judgment of involved physicians.
Treatments and types of care vary widely from one area of the country to another.
� To affect healthcare spending meaningfully, comparative effectiveness must alter
doctor and patient behavior, potentially through reimbursement scheme changes, the
CBO notes.
� Note that by law, Medicare is effectively precluded from considering costs when
making coverage decisions.
www.kpcb.com
Source: “Research on the Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Treatments”, A CBO Paper, December 2007.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 318
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option #4
� Reducing Optional Services + Optional Beneficiary
Groups 1 Could Save Up to ~60% of Annual
Medicaid Cost, per Kaiser Family Foundation
Note: 1) Medicaid is a jointly financed federal and state program that provides health and long-term care services to 55 million low-income Americans. As a
condition of participating in Medicaid, states are required to cover certain “mandatory” populations and to provide a specified set of benefits. States also have
discretion to cover additional low-income individuals in each of these categories (“optional groups”) and receive federal matching payments. Optional eligibility
categories include children and parents, persons with disabilities and the elderly above mandatory coverage limits; persons residing in nursing facilities; and the
medically needy. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 319
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option # 4 –
Reducing Optional Services + Beneficiary Groups 1 Could Save
Up to 60% of Annual Medicaid Spending
Medicaid Expenditures by Eligibility Group and Type of Service, 2001
Mandatory
Services* for
Optional
Groups
30.1% 39.4%
Mandatory
Services for
Mandatory
Groups
Eliminating
optional groups
could save
~42% of total
Medicaid
spending
Optional
Services* for
Optional
Groups
12.3%
18.1%
Federal-required
mandatory services
/ groups = ~40%
total spending
Optional
Services for
Mandatory
Groups
Eliminating optional
services could save ~30%
of total Medicaid spending
Note: 1) Medicaid is a jointly financed federal and state program that provides health and long-term care services to 55 million low-income Americans. As a
condition of participating in Medicaid, states are required to cover certain “mandatory” populations and to provide a specified set of benefits. States also have
discretion to cover additional low-income individuals in each of these categories (“optional groups”) and receive federal matching payments. Optional eligibility
categories include children and parents, persons with disabilities and the elderly above mandatory coverage limits; persons residing in nursing facilities; and the
medically needy. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 320
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Examples of Medicaid’s
Mandatory Beneficiaries & Services
Examples of Mandatory Beneficiaries
� Children under age 6 with family annual
income below $20,841
� Children age 6 or older with family
annual income below $15,670
� Pregnant women with annual income
below $12,382
� Elderly and disabled with annual
income between below $6,768 (for an
individual)
Examples of Mandatory Services
� Physician services
� Laboratory & x-ray services
� Inpatient hospital services
� Outpatient hospital services
� Rural health clinic services
� Certified pediatric and family nurse
practitioner services
� Early & periodic screening,
diagnostic, and treatment (EPSDT)
services for individuals under 21
www.kpcb.com
Note: Supplementary Security Income and Federal Poverty Levels are 2005 levels. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
321
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Examples of Medicaid’s
Optional Beneficiaries & Services
Examples of Optional Beneficiaries
� Disabled and elderly with annual
income between $7,082
(Supplementary Security Income, or
SSI) and $9,310 (Federal Poverty
Level, or FPL)
� Nursing home residents with annual
income between $7,082 (SSI) and
$21,000 (3x SSI)
� Pregnant women with annual income
above $12,382 (>133% of FPL)
� Children under 6 with annual family
income above $20,841
Examples of Optional Services
� Prescription drugs
� Dental services
� Rehabilitation and other therapies
� Prosthetic devices, eyeglasses,
durable medical equipment
� Hospice services
� Inpatient psychiatric hospital
services for individuals under age 21
� Other specialist medical or remedial
care
www.kpcb.com
Note: Supplementary Security Income and Federal Poverty Levels are 2005 levels. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 322
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option #5
� Consider / Implement CBO’s 26 policy options that
could reduce annual budget deficit by up to 38%
over the next 10 years
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
323
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: CBO Policy Options—
Regulate Private Health Insurance Market; Modify Tax Code;
Modify Insurance Eligibility; Improve Efficiency
Policy Options
Require large employers to either pay government for providing insurance or offer employees
basic insurance coverage
Gov. Future Deficit
Reduction (%) 1
0.7%
Replace the income tax and payroll tax exclusion with a refundable credit 8.8%
Replace the income tax exclusion for employment-based health insurance with a deduction 8.0%
Reduce the tax exclusion for employment-based health insurance and the health insurance
deduction for self-employed individuals
6.6%
Raise the age of eligibility for Medicare to 67 1.2%
Convert Medicare and Medicaid “Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments” into a block grant 1.2%
Consolidate Medicare and Federal Medicaid payments for graduate medical education costs at
teaching hospitals; set consolidated payment equal to:
• Adjusted IME 3 payments using a 2.2% adjustment factor + DGME 4 and Medicaid GME 2 funding
inflated by the CPI-U 5 minus 1 percentage point
0.8%
• 90% total mandatory GME 2 funding inflated by the CPI-U minus 1 percentage point 0.4%
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) As % of Cumulative Total Government Deficit from 2010 to 2019 2) Graduate Medical Education 3) Indirect Medical
Education 4) Direct Graduate Medical Education 5) Consumer price index for all urban consumers Source: CBO
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 324
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: CBO’s Policy Options –
Reduce Medicare / Medicaid Payments; Modify Premium and
Cost-Sharing in Federal Health Programs
Policy Options
Gov. Future Deficit
Reduction (%) 1
Reduce Medicare's payment rates across the board in high-spending areas 0.7%
Remove or reduce the floor on Federal matching rates for Medicaid services
• Remove the floor on the federal medical assistance percentage 3.3%
• Reduce the floor on the federal medical assistance percentage to 45% 1.9%
Reduce the taxes that states are allowed to levy on Medicaid providers 0.7%
Increase the basic premium for Medicare Part B to 35% of the program's costs 3.2%
Combine changes to Medicare's cost sharing with restrictions on Medigap policies 2 1.1%
Require a copayment for home health episodes covered by Medicare 0.7%
Restrict Medigap coverage of Medicare's cost sharing 0.6%
Introduce minimum out-of-pocket requirements under TRICARE for life 0.6%
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) As % of Total Cumulative Government Deficit from 2010 to 2019 2) Individual insurance policies designed to cover
most or all of Medicare’s cost-sharing requirements. Source: CBO
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 325
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Policy Option #6
� Consider / Implement National Commission on
Fiscal Responsibility and Reform’s medium- and
long-term policy options
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 326
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Medium-Term Policy Options From the
Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
Medium-Term Policy Options
Convert the federal share of Medicaid payments for long-term care into a
capped allotment
Deficit Reduction
F2012-F2020E 1
$89 billion
Reform Tricare for Life 2 to increase cost sharing for Military retirees $55
Cut federal spending on graduate and indirect medical education $54
Reduce taxes that States may levy on Medicaid providers $49
Expand ACOs, payment bundling, and other payment reform $38
Accelerate phase-in of DSH payment cuts 3 , Medicare Advantage cuts
and home health cuts in PPACA
$37
Other 4 $73
Total Deficit Reduction F2012-F2020E
$395 billion
Note: 1) Cost reductions are Fiscal Commission staff estimates based on CBO and other available sources. Most numbers were generated pre-healthcare reform
and may differ significantly. 2) Tricare for Life is a supplementary military health insurance designed to minimize Medicare-eligible military retirees’ out-of-pocket
medical expenses. 3) DSH is the Medicare and Medicaid disproportionate share hospital payments for hospitals that receive disproportionately large Medicare and
Medicaid patients. 4) Other includes reduce Medicaid administrative costs, increase nominal Medicaid copays, cut Medicare payments for bad debt, increase cost
sharing for federal civilian retirees and place dual-eligible individuals in Medicaid Managed Care. Source: National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform,
“The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform,” 12/1/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 327
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid: Long-Term Policy Options From the
Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
� Set global target for total federal health expenditures after 2020
(Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, exchange subsidies, employer health
exclusion), and review costs every two years. Keep federal health
expenditure growth to one percentage points above GDP growth.
� If costs have grown faster than targets (on average of previous 5 years),
require President to submit and Congress to consider reforms to lower
spending, such as:
� Increase premiums (or further increase cost-sharing)
� Overhaul the fee-for-service system
� Develop a premium support system for Medicare
� Add a robust public option and/or all-payer system in the exchange
� Further expand authority of the Independent Payment Advisory
Board (IPAB)*
Note: IPAB is a 15-member Independent Payment Advisory Board established under PPACA with significant authority with respect to Medicare payment rates.
Beginning in 2014, in any year in which the Medicare per capita growth rate exceeded a target growth rate, the IPAB would be required to recommend
Medicare spending reductions. The recommendations would become law unless Congress passed an alternative proposal that achieved the same level of
budgetary savings. Source: National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, “The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal
Responsibility and Reform,” 12/1/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 328
Focus on Expenses–
Reform Entitlement Programs + Focus on Operating Efficiency
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
329
Start with the Basic High-Level Math –
Review Government Cost Structure
� Government (federal + state + local, including military)
spending per household has steadily risen to 82% of
median post-tax household income, up from 51% in 1967.
� Federal spending (ex. entitlement + interest payments +
one-time items) per household has remained flat since
1967, while entitlement + interest payments + one-time
items spending per household rose 3x.
�
Including federal, GSE, state and local (excluding military)
employees, there is one public worker for every six households
in the country, unchanged from 1967 or 1980 levels.
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Real spending adjusted for inflation, in 2005 dollars. Source: Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 330
Total Government (Federal + State + Local, including Military) Spending
Has Risen to 82% of Median Household Income*, Up from 51% in 1967
Total Government Spending per Household
($)
Real USA Government Spending per Household and as Percent of Post-Tax
Median Annual Household Income, 1967 – 2010
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$0
1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
Real Government (Federal+State+Local) Spending per Household ($)
Government Spending per Household as % of Median Household Income (%)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Government Spending per Household as %
of Median Household Income (%)
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Post tax. Real spending adjusted for inflation using BEA’s GDP price index, in 2005 dollars. Data source: Census Bureau,
Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 331
Federal (Including Military) Spending Has Risen to 65% of Median Household Income*,
Up from 39% in 1967, Driven by Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments
Federal Spending per Household ($)
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$0
Real USA Federal Spending per Household and as Percent of Post-Tax
Median Household Income, 1967 – 2010
1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
Entitlement / Interest Payments / One-Time Real Federal Spending per Household
Real Federal Spending per Household (ex. Entitlement / Interest Payments / One-Time Items)
Federal Spending per Household as % of Median Household Income (%)
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Federal Spending per Household as % of Median
Household Income (%)
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Post tax. Real spending adjusted for inflation, in 2005 dollars. Data source: White House Office of Management and
Budget, Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 332
Federal (Including Military) Spending Per Household = $29,043 in F2010
Federal Entitlement Spending Per Household = More Than Half ($16,670)
F2010 USA Inc. Expenses =
$3.5T
F2010 USA Inc. Expenses Per
Household = $29,043
Non-Defense
Discretionary
$431B
Discretionary
One-Time Items
$152B
Net Interest
Payment
$196B
12%
6%
4%
20%
Social
Security
$707B
Entitlements $16,670
Social Security $5,939
Medicare + Federal Medicaid $6,087
Unemployment Insurance + Other $4,644
Defense
$694B
20%
16%
22%
Medicare +
Federal
Medicaid
$724B
Defense $5,828
Non-Defense Discretionary $3,619
Discretionary One-Time Items $1,277
Net Interest Payments $1,649
www.kpcb.com
Unemployment Insurance
+ Other Entitlements
$553B
Note: Non-defense discretionary spending includes infrastructure, education, law enforcement, etc. Discretionary one-time items includes TARP,
ARRA, and spending on GSEs. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget, Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 333
At a High Level, With Focus on Improving Operating Efficiency,
USA Inc. Might Consider Ways to Do Things Like…
� Consider empowering an independent / 3 rd party auditor with expertise in government
operations around the world / corporate turnarounds to conduct a broad-ranging audit of
USA Inc.’s operations.
� Restore strong rules for budget process: Require annual budget resolutions and
reconciliation; PAYGO* to limit spending, enforce annual appropriations process consider
biennial budgeting.
� Consider giving the President ‘line-item’ veto / rescission authority.
� Empower commissions analogous to the military base closing panels to review and
consolidate government functions and agencies, as well as aid to State and local
governments.
� Seek flexibility to manage performance and terminate poor-performing Federal employees.
� Develop flexible / long-term compensation plans including bonus payments for Federal
employees when annual budget deficit reduction goals are met.
� Privatize government real estate and other assets with little use, expanding on current
efforts to trim $3 billion in government-owned real estate.
� Identify additional opportunities to increase public/private investment, management and
operations to drive innovation and investment in infrastructure
www.kpcb.com
Note: PAYGO is the practice of financing expenditures with funds that are currently available rather than borrowed.
Source: KPCB and Alvarez & Marsal Public Sector Services, LLC.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 334
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
335
Review Wages: A Comprehensive / Independent
Review of Federal Wages & Benefits System May Be Worthwhile
� Analysis of existing data on federal wages & benefits is controversial.
� USA Today and the Cato Institute examined simple averages of federal (excluding military)
wages & benefits vs. private sector using Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data and
concluded that federal wages & benefits are ~100% higher than private industry – wages
are 58% higher while benefits are 3x higher. 1 (March 2010, updated in August 2010)
� The White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the U.S. Office of
Personnel Management (OPM) responded that gross average comparisons are ‘unfair and
untrue.’ And when one holds education and age constant, federal employees earn slightly
less than those in the private sector on average, although the difference is not statistically
significant. 2 (March 2010)
� The Heritage Foundation, in response to OPM and OMB’s comments, released a statistical
analysis based on BEA data, and claimed that adjusting for variables such as age,
education, marital status, race, gender, size of the metropolitan area, and several others,
federal wages & benefits are 31% higher than private industry for occupations in both
government and private sector. 3 (July 2010)
Source: 1) Dennis Cauchon, USA Today, “Federal Workers earning double their private counterparts,” http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/income/2010-08-
10-1Afedpay10_ST_N.htm Tad DeHaven, “Federal Employees Continue to Prosper,” http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/federal-employees-continue-to-prosper/; 2) John
Berry, “OPM Statement on Federal Employee Pay – Recent Comparisons of Federal Pay to Private Sector are Unfair and Untrue,”
http://www.opm.gov/opm_federalemployeepay/ & Peter Orszag, “Salary Statistics,” http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/blog/10/03/10/Salary-Statistics; 3) James Sherk,
“Comparing Pay in the Federal Government and the Private Sector,” http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/07/comparing-pay-in-the-federal-governmentand-the-private-sector
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 336
Review Wages: A Turnaround Expert Would Drill Down on Compensation
Differences Between Public & Private Sectors
� In the absence of reliable, generally accepted adjustment factors,
USA Inc. needs a comprehensive 3 rd -party review of its compensation
practices.
� Most businesses constantly review their compensation practices; these
reviews typically intensify when the financials of the core business erode.
� Considerations include compensation for comparable jobs, uniqueness
of skill sets and education required for particular roles, productivity,
hours worked, regional cost of living, job security, years of service, and
financial health of the business unit.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
337
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 338
Review Pension Plans: 70% of Federal Government Employees Still Enjoy
“Guaranteed” Pensions, While Such Defined-Benefit Pension Plans Are
Increasingly Rare in Private Sector (now at 32% vs. 84% in 1980)
Employees with Guaranteed Pensions (% Participating in Defined Benefit Pensions)
Federal Government vs. State & Local Government vs. Private Sector, 1980-2007
100%
% Employees w/ Guaranteed Pension
16pps
80%
60%
40%
20%
37pps
State & Local
Government
Federal
Government
Private Sector
0%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
www.kpcb.com
Sources: EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
339
Review Pension Plans: Private Sector Has Embraced “Defined Contribution”
Pension Plans, While Federal + State & Local Governments Lag Behind
Participation Rate of Defined Contribution Program: Federal, State/Local vs. Private Sector, 1980-2007
% of Employees Participating in Defined Contribution Pension
Plans
60%
40%
20%
0%
1984 1989 1994 1999 2004
Private Sector
Federal
Government
State / Local
Government
www.kpcb.com
Sources: EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 340
Review Pension: Pension Plan Definitions / Characteristics
� “Guaranteed” Pension Plan – Retirees receive predetermined monthly
retirement benefits from employers despite the funding status /
investment returns of their pension funds. Also known as defined benefit
pension plan.
� Defined Contribution Pension Plan – Retirees contribute specified
amounts to their pension funds and receive variable monthly retirement
benefits depending on investment returns. Examples include Individual
Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and 401(k) plans.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
341
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 342
Review Unions: Government Employee Union Membership Rate =
5x of Private Sector Union Membership Rate & Rising
� More government (federal / state / local) employees belong to
unions (8 million) than did private sector employees
(7 million) in 2009.
� Government employee union membership rate of 37% is 5x
higher than private sector employee union membership rate of 7%
in 2009.
� Private sector union membership rate declined 180 basis points to
7% in 2009 from 9% in 2000, while government employee union
membership rate rose 50 basis points 37.4% in 2009 from 36.9%
in 2000.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
343
Review Unions: Union Membership Rates by Industry –
Government = 37% Unionized vs. Private Sector’s 2-22%
Union Membership Rates by Industry, 2000 - 2009 2009 Union Members (000)
40%
Government
8,407
Transportation & Utilities
1,043
Union Membership Rate (%)
30%
20%
10%
Construction
Manufacturing
Information
Mining
Education & Health
Wholesale & Retail
Leisure
826
1,257
275
58
1,664
1,056
403
Other
154
Business Services
379
0%
Finance
138
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
www.kpcb.com
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 344
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
345
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
� Federal government headcount (ex. military) grew by
56,000 (or 2%) in 2008 and another 107,000 (or 3%) in
2009, while private sector unemployment rose to 10%
from 5% in 2007 and private sector headcount fell 1% in
2008 and 6% in 2009.
www.kpcb.com
. Source: Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 346
Federal Headcount Has Risen Over Past Five Years and
Is Above Trendline Level
Federal Civilian Headcount & Share of Total Employment, 1988 - 2009
Federal Civilian Full-Time Equivalent Employees
(000)
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Federal Civilian Full-Time Equivalent Employees
% Share of Total Employment (right axis)
Federal Civilian Headcount Linear Trendline
~300K
Potential
Headcount
Reduction
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
% of Total Employment
0
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0.0%
www.kpcb.com
Data source: BEA (1988-2009).
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
347
Reduce Headcount: Mathematical Illustration on Reducing Federal Headcount
– Could Save Up to $275 Billion Over Next 10 Years, or 4% of Total Deficit
Scenario Analysis on Potential Federal Headcount Reduction & Impact on Budget Deficits
Headcount
Savings ($B) For USA Inc. Over
Reduction
F2009 F2010-19E F2010-85E (000)
Scenario 1
-- Trim Headcount by 1% $2 $17 $44 20
% of Budget Deficits 0% 0% 0%
Scenario 2
-- Trim Headcount by 5% $11 $91 $219 98
% of Budget Deficits 1% 1% 1%
Scenario 3
-- Trim Headcount by 10% $23 $183 $439 195
% of Budget Deficits 2% 3% 3%
Scenario 4 - Trendline*
-- Trim Headcount by 15% $34 $274 $658 293
% of Budget Deficits 2% 4% 4%
Note: Federal fiscal year ends in September. *Based on 20-year trend line, federal civilian headcount would have been 15% below actual levels.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 348
1
Focus on
Expenses
Restructure Social Security
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Review Federal Wages & Benefits
Review Government Pension Plan Characteristics
& Compare with Private Sector Plans
Review Role of Unions
Review Government Cost Structure &
Consider Reducing Federal Headcount
Determine if There are Non-Core ‘Business Lines’
That Can Be Centralized / Locally Out-Sourced
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
349
Local Outsourcing/Consolidation: Improve Efficiency of Public Services
Through Automation / Scale / Flexibility
1. Automation – Government agencies cannot afford to perform manual
routine-based processes that can be replaced more efficiently by
technology.
2. Scale – Consolidation of non-core processes across agencies or
outsource non-core processes to local companies can deliver scale
efficiencies.
3. Flexibility – Outsourced labor enables temporary employment in
situations where hiring full-time workers would be costly and
unnecessary.
Sources: Adam Frisch, Morgan Stanley Research.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 350
Local Outsourcing/Consolidation: Proven to Be Viable Cost-Cutting
Measures for State / Local Governments
Automation
Years Public Sector Details
2002-2010
1993-2010
Missouri State
Government
Port Authority of
New York and
New Jersey
Total Cost
Saving ($)
As % of
Total
Budget 1
As % of
Program
Budget 1
Digitized State Medicaid health record ~87MM -- --
E-ZPass (electronic toll collection) can process
2.5x to 3x more vehicles per lane than toll
attendants
-- -- --
2003
Pennsylvania
State Government
Consolidated office supplies + computer
procurement
~$30MM -- --
Scale
2002-2004
2004-2005
Dept.
Management
Services, FL
Health and
Human Services
Commission, TX
Outsourced HR and supporting IT system to
local contractors
Outsourced HR, payroll and enterprise service
center to private vendors
~173MM 0.3% 11.5%
~1B 0.8% 5.0%
Flexibility
2010 Maywood, CA
2005
American Red
Cross
Outsourced police force to county sheriff in an
effort to avoid bankruptcy
Set up a Family Assistance Hotline within 10
days via an outsourcer (vs. 3-6 months doing it
in-house)
~3.7MM 25% 50.7%
-- -- --
Note: 1) Annual Budget of the year when outsourcing program started. Sources: HR Outsourcing in Government Organizations, The Conference Board; Outsourcing
Methods & Case Studies, 2009; Maywood, CA data per The Economist. PA state government data per Ed Rendell, Governor of Pennsylvania. ) E-ZPass per E-
Zpass New Jersey Customer Service Center; Missouri Medicaid case study per ACS; American Red Cross per Tholons, Government Sector Outsourcing.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 351
� Focus on Operating Efficiency –
Policy Options From National Commission on Fiscal
Responsibility and Reform Co-Chairs’ Proposal
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 352
Focus on Operating Efficiency: Illustrative Policy Options From the Report of
the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
Illustrative Policy Options
Eliminate 250,000 non-defense service and staff augmentee contractors
Deficit Reduction
in F2015E
$18 billion
Eliminate all earmarks 1 $16
Freeze federal salaries, bonuses, and other compensation at non-
Defense agencies for three years
$15
Cut the federal workforce by 10% (2-for-3 replacement rate) $13
Create a Cut-and-Invest Committee charged with trimming waste and
targeting investment
$11
Slow the growth of foreign aid $5
Other 2 $22
Total Deficit Reduction F2015E
$100 billion
Note: 1) an earmark is a legislative (especially congressional) provision that directs approved funds to be spent on specific projects, or that directs specific
exemptions from taxes or mandated fees. 2) Other includes eliminate NASA funding for commercial spaceflight, terminate low-priority Army Corps of Engineers
programs, sell excess federal property, reduce congressional & White House budgets by 15%, reduce unnecessary printing costs and more. Source: National
Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, “The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform,” 12/1/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 353
What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
1
2
Focus on
Expenses
Focus on
Revenues
Reform
Entitlement
Programs
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Focus on
Operating
Efficiency
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 354
Focus on Revenues –
Drive Sustainable Economic Growth + Change Tax Policies
2
Focus on
Revenues
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education
Increase / Improve Employment
Improve Competitiveness
Review Tax Rates
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures*/
Broaden Tax Base
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Tax subsidies / expenditures are losses to the U.S. Treasury from granting certain deductions, exemptions, or credits (such
as those on mortgage interest payments and employer-sponsored health insurance payments) to specific categories of taxpayers.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 355
GDP Growth =
Biggest Driver of Federal Revenue Growth…& 85% Correlation
1940 – 2009 Historical Correlation Between USA Real GDP Y/Y
& Real Federal Receipts Y/Y = 85%
Real Federal Receipts Y/Y (%)
60%
40%
20%
0%
Real GDP Y/Y vs. Real Federal Receipts Y/Y
Linear Trendline (y=2.77x-0.0438, R^2=0.73)
-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Real GDP Y/Y (%)
2010E – 2019E
If Real
GDP
Y/Y is
Real Federal
Revenue
Could Grow…
5% 7%
4 5
3 2
2 0
1 -2
0 -4
-1 -7
-2 -9
-3 -11
-4 -13
-5 -16
Current Consensus
GDP Forecasts
-20%
www.kpcb.com
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget (1940 – 2009).
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 356
It’s Easy to Gripe About USA Inc.’s High Expense Levels…
That Said, High Expenses Could be Covered by High Revenue
� There are two primary drivers of USA Inc.’s revenue: 1) GDP growth and 2)
related tax levies on consumers and businesses.
� To bring its income statement mechanically to break-even for 2009 (excluding onetime
charges), USA Inc. would have needed to raise individual income tax rates by
~2x across-the-board to an average of ~26-30% (from ~13%) of gross income. 1 This
certainly seems draconian. And a tax increase of this nature would surely have a
significant negative impact on USA’s GDP growth as consumers would have far less
disposable income to buy goods and services.
� This brings us to a key element of USA’s financial challenges – the need to drive
economic (GDP) AND related job growth. This is not easy. A material portion of GDP
growth over the past few decades was driven by rising consumption aided by rising
leverage and we have now entered a period of de-leveraging.
� Stronger economic growth would be hugely beneficial for USA Inc.’s revenues. But
the legacy of the financial crisis – severe housing imbalances and the need to
complete the long process of writing off private mortgage debt – means that the US
recovery will probably remain slow for at least several years. The silver lining: A
booming global economy should provide a modest lift to US growth.
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) USA Inc.’s F2009 revenue shortfall was $997B (excluding one-time discretionary spending items). F2009 total
income tax receipts from individuals were $915B. As a result, if one were to raise individual income tax rates alone to achieve
financial break-even, one would have to more than double individual income tax rates across-the-board.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 357
Drive Growth: If Real GDP Grows 0.1 Percentage Point Faster Than Current
CBO Projection For F2011-F2020E, the Budget Deficit Could Shrink by 5%
Without Other Policy Changes
� CBO analysis shows that for every 0.1 percentage point (pps) increase in real GDP annual
growth rate above CBO’s baseline estimate for F2011-F2020E, USA Inc.’s revenue (driven
by taxes) could be $247 billion higher, spending could be $41 billion lower (driven by
reduced welfare spending) and the budget deficit could be reduced by $288 billion, or 5%.
F2011-F2020E Impact on USA Inc.’s
CBO’s baseline
assumption for annual
real GDP growth
What if real GDP
grows faster than
CBO’s forecast by…
Revenue
($B / %)
Spending
($B / %)
Deficit
Reduction
($B / %)
0.1 pps
+$247
+1%
-$41
--%
-$288
-5%
2.1% F2011E
4.4% F2012-14E
2.4% F2015-20E
0.5 pps
1 pps
+$1,235
+3%
+$2,470
+6%
-$205
--%
-$410
-1%
-$1,440
-23%
-$2,880
-46%
2 pps
+$4,940
+13%
-$820
-2%
-$5,760
-92%
www.kpcb.com
Note: pps is percentage point(s). $ amount and % changes in revenue / spending / deficit are over the entire F2011-F2020E
period. Source: CBO, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020,” 8/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 358
How Much Would Real GDP Need to Grow to Drive USA Inc. to Break-Even
Without Policy Changes? 6-7% in F2012E-F2014E & 4-5% in F2015-
F2020E…Well Above 40-Year Average of 3%
8%
CBO’s Baseline Real GDP Growth vs. Required Real GDP
Growth for a Balanced Budget Between F2011E and F2020E
6%
Real GDP Y/Y Growth (%)
4%
2%
0%
2009 2011E 2013E 2015E 2017E 2019E
-2%
-4%
Real GDP Annual Growth (CBO Baseline Forecast)
Real GDP Annual Growth Needed to Eliminate Fiscal Deficit
1970-2009 Average Real GDP Growth
www.kpcb.com
Source: CBO, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020,” 8/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
359
It’s Highly Unlikely That Annual Real GDP Can Grow Faster Than 6%...
It Happened Only 8 Times in Past 60 Years and
Was Always Linked to a Cyclical Bounce Back
10%
CBO’s Baseline Real Annual GDP Growth vs. Required Real Annual GDP Growth for a
Balanced Budget Between F2011E and F2020E in Historical Context (1950-2020E)
8%
Real GDP Y/Y Growth (%)
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2%
-4%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010E 2020E
Real GDP Annual Growth (Historical)
Real GDP Annual Growth (CBO's Baseline Forecast)
Real GDP Annual Growth Needed to Eliminate Fiscal Deficit
www.kpcb.com
Source: CBO, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020,” 8/10.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 360
USA Consumers =
Biggest Demand Driver For GDP Growth, Until 2007
8%
Personal Consumption’s Contribution to Real GDP Growth, 1950 - 2009
6%
Real GDP Y/Y Growth (%)
4%
2%
0%
-2%
Real GDP Y/Y Growth
Personal Consumption Expenditure's Contribution to Real GDP Growth
-4%
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
www.kpcb.com
Source: BEA.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
361
Beginning in 2007, Wealth Destruction + High Unemployment Forced Consumers
to Save Again, Potentially Reducing Short-Term Demand for Goods & Services
3% average annual GDP growth (1981 - 2007) was helped as the average USA consumer:
1) Increased personal consumption as percent of GDP to 71% from 62%;
2) Decreased personal savings rate to 2% of disposable income from 11%;
Beginning in 2007, things changed as:
1) The average US consumer experienced a material decline in the value of his / her largest
investment assets (real estate and equities) from 2007 to 2009 when peak-to-trough
valuations for USA residential real estate declined 30% and the S&P 500 declined 56%;
2) Unemployment rose to 10% in 2009 / 2010 from 30-year trough of 4% in 1999, creating
uncertainty regarding future personal income levels;
3) Personal savings rate increased to 6% in 2009 / 2010 of disposable income from 2% in 2007,
as uncertainty grows and appetite for consumption ebbs;
All in, the key driver of US GDP growth – the US consumer’s ability to spend – is severely
constrained in the short term as he / she aims to rebuild savings and contain
spending. This raises the question – ‘How fast can US GDP grow annually over the
next ten years?’ Determining ways to drive GDP (and related job growth) is crucial…
www.kpcb.com
Source: Residential real estate decline based on CQ1:07 to CQ1:09 changes in S&P Case-Shiller Home Price Index. GDP
growth & composition / personal savings rate per BEA. Unemployment rate per BLS.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 362
Economic Policy–Short-Term vs. Long-Term
• Economic theory + experience of the Great Depression suggest
government can use fiscal policy (increase direct spending +
investment) to offset near-term shortfalls in private demand.
• In the long term, USA Inc. cannot sustain higher levels of direct
spending / investment without crowding out private consumption /
investment.
• Therefore, USA Inc. should prioritize and allocate available
resources to stimulate growth in productivity + employment, which
drive long-term GDP growth.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
363
Improving Employment, Productivity, & Hours Worked Are Source of
Sustainable Long-Term GDP Growth
USA Long-Term
GDP Growth 1
(1970-2009)
2.83%
Productivity Growth
1.53%
DRIVEN BY:
Technology / Infrastructure
Education (Labor Quality)
Other (Total Factor Productivity)
Employment Growth
1.53%
DRIVEN BY:
Unemployment Rate
Labor Force Growth
Hours Worked
Per Worker
-0.22%
Has Been Consistent
At ~39-40 Hours per Week
Note: 1) all growth numbers are rounded average annual growth rates and are adjusted for inflation. 2.83% is the average annual GDP growth rate from 1970 to
2009, per BEA. Labor force growth of 1.53% is the average annual growth rate from 1970 to 2009, per BLS. Hours worked per worker per OECD. Productivity
growth of 1.53% is calculated by subtracting employment growth and hours worked per worker growth from real GDP growth. Average annual growth rate of 1.53%
is roughly in line with other estimates such as Dale W. Jorgenson, Mun S. Ho, Kevin J. Stiroh, “Growth of U.S. Industries and Investments in Information Technology
and Higher Education” <http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10627>
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 364

Focus on Productivity & Employment Growth,
Each of Which Accounts for ~50% of Long-Term Real GDP Growth
� Investments in Technology / Infrastructure / Education Boost Productivity.
� Newer technology improves efficiency of communication and lowers costs of
providing goods and services.
� Better infrastructure reduces transportation costs for input and output materials
� Better education improves general labor quality and enables specialization for
more efficiency.
� Removing Restrictions / Uncertainties in Various Regulations Can
Stimulate Private Employment.
� Immigration does not reduce employment opportunities for US-born workers,
per Federal Reserve study in 8/10.
� Removing tax / regulatory uncertainty could help create hiring incentives for
private industries.
� Hours Worked per Worker Have Remained Steady at ~39-40 Hours per
Week From 1970 to 2009 and Will Likely Remain Steady.
www.kpcb.com
Source: OECD, Dale W. Jorgenson, Mun S. Ho, Kevin J. Stiroh, “Growth of U.S. Industries and Investments in Information
Technology and Higher Education” http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10627, Federal Reserve.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 365
2
Focus on
Revenues
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education
Increase / Improve Employment
Improve Competitiveness
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
Review Tax Rates
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures*/
Broaden Tax Base
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
366
Technology + Infrastructure + Education Investments
Drove ~90% of Labor Productivity Growth for Past ~30 Years
Sources of USA Average Labor Productivity Growth, 1977-2000
2.5%
Annual Productivity Growth
2.21%
Average Annual Growth Rate (%)
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
1.13% 1.28%
Technology
Investment
Infrastructure &
Other Investment
Education (Labor
Quality)
Other (Total Factor
Productivity)
-0.5%
www.kpcb.com
1977-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000
Note: Total Factor Productivity is the portion of output not explained by the amount of inputs used in production.
Source: Dale W. Jorgenson, Mun S. Ho, Kevin J. Stiroh, “Growth of U.S. Industries and Investments in Information
Technology and Higher Education” <http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10627>
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 367
However, USA Inc. Has Increasingly Allocated Resources Away from
Productive Technology + Infrastructure + Education Investment / Spending
Toward Less-Productive Entitlement Program Spending
USA Real Federal Productive vs. Less-Productive Spending*, 1970-2009
100%
% Share of Total Federal Spending
80%
60%
40%
20%
Productive
(Investment / Spending on
Defense, Education,
Infrastructure, Technology…)
Less-Productive
(Spending on Entitlement
and Interest Payments)
0%
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Total spending excludes one-time items (such as TARP / GSE / ARRA) for F2008 / F2009 data.
Data source: White House Office of Management & Budget (1970-2009).
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 368
Drive Growth: Technology
Technology Improves Efficiency of Communication
and Lowers Costs of Providing Goods and Services
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
369
Technology Has Driven Significant Wealth & Job Creation
S&P 500 Sector Market Value Share, 1995 – 2010
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Information Technology 9% 12% 12% 18% 29% 21% 18% 14% 18% 16% 15% 15% 17% 15% 20% 19%
Financials 13 15 17 15 13 17 18 20 21 21 21 22 18 13 15 16
Consumer Staples 13 13 12 11 7 8 8 9 11 10 9 9 10 13 12 12
Health Care 11 10 11 12 9 14 14 15 13 13 13 12 12 15 12 11
Energy 9 9 8 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 9 10 13 13 11 11
Industrials 13 13 12 10 10 11 11 12 11 12 11 11 12 11 10 10
Consumer Discretionary 13 12 12 13 13 10 13 13 11 12 11 11 8 8 10 10
Utilities 5 4 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
Materials 6 6 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
Telecom Services 9 7 7 8 8 5 5 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3
S&P 500 Mkt Cap ($T) $5 $6 $8 $10 $12 $12 $10 $8 $10 $11 $11 $13 $13 $8 $10 $11 $10
www.kpcb.com
Note: 2010 data as of 12/31/10. Source: FactSet, Bloomberg.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
370
But USA Inc. Has Steadily Scaled Back Investment in Technology R&D Since
the 1960s…the Good News is That Private Industry Has Picked Up Lots of
Slack, So Far
Total USA Technology Research & Development Spending as % of
GDP by Funding Source, 1953 – 2008
3%
Total Technology R&D Spending as % of GDP
2%
1%
0%
1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005
Other (Non-Profit
/ University /
Other
Government)
Private Industry
Federal
Government
www.kpcb.com
Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
371
For GDP Growth & Job Creation, It’s Key for Private Industry to Remain
Incentivized to Invest in R&D
� As we contemplate our future, we must accept the fact that many of the assumptions under
which business operated for the past 50 years no longer hold true…If we are committed to
investing in ideas to improve – not just maintain – what we have and what we know, the United
States will do more than just recover from this recession. We will emerge, once again, as a
competitive, global powerhouse…Innovation…accrues to countries in proportion to the quality
and rigor of their educational systems…The future of every nation will be shaped by new ideas
and creativity. These are the engines of future prosperity.
– Paul Otellini, CEO, Intel Corporation, 2/10/09
� Government targeted and ‘blue sky’ investment in technology (and defense) has led to crucial
technology inventions for America – such as ARPANET / Internet (1970s) and Global
Positioning System (1980s)..., which, on a net basis, have created jobs, wealth and related tax
revenue.
� Government investment in technology remains important, but, perhaps more important,
government must help incentivize private industry (via tax policies such as allowing companies
to repatriate overseas cash at lower tax rates 1 and other tools) to invest in domestic research &
development and to create jobs…and create a stable environment in which to operate.
Note: 1) See John Chambers and Safra Catz, “The Overseas Profits Elephant in the Room,” The Wall Street Journal, 10/20/10.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 372
Drive Growth: Infrastructure
Better Infrastructure Reduces Transportation Costs
For Input and Output Materials
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
373
Public Investment in Infrastructure Has Helped Drive GDP Growth
USA Real GDP and Public Investment in Infrastructure Average Y/Y Growth,
1950 -2007
Real GDP & Public Investment in Infrastructure
Average Y/Y Growth Rates (%)
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
1950 - 1979
4.1%
Y/Y Growth in
GDP
4.0%
Y/Y Growth in
Public
Investment in
Infrastructure
2.9%
. Y/Y Growth in
GDP
1980 - 2007
2.3%
Y/Y Growth in
Public
Investment in
Infrastructure
www.kpcb.com
Source: Political Economy Research Institute, “How Infrastructure Investments Support the U.S. Economy:
Employment, Productivity and Growth”, 1/09.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 374
But USA Inc.’s Investment in Infrastructure Has Been
Steadily Declining for Five Decades…
USA Inc. (Federal) Investment in Infrastructure as % of GDP, 1950 -2008
1.5%
USA Inc's Investment in Infrastructure as % of GDP
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
www.kpcb.com
Source: BEA.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
375
…Leading to Deteriorating Infrastructure in America and
Pent-Up Demand for Investment
American Society of Civil Engineers’ Report Card Grades for America’s
Infrastructure, 1988 vs. 2009
1988 2009
Aviation B- D
Bridges -- C
Dams -- D
Drinking Water B- D-
Energy -- D+
Hazardous Waste D D
Inland Waterways B D-
Levees -- D-
Rail -- C-
Roads C+ D-
School Buildings D D
Solid Waste C- C+
Transit C- D
Wastewater C D-
Overall USA Infrastructure G.P.A. C D
Cost to Improve -- $2.2T
Note: The first infrastructure grades were given by the National Council on Public Works Improvements in its report “Fragile Foundations: A Report on
America’s Public Works, released in February 1988.” Source: American Society of Civil Engineers, “2009 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure”.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 376
Drive Growth: Education
Better Education Improves General Labor Quality
and Enables Specialization For More Efficiency
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
377
Education = High Long-Term ROI* Investment
Each $1 of Government Spending Could Generate Up to $3 of Incremental Tax Return
USA Inc. Net Present Value (NPV) for an Individual** Obtaining Secondary / Higher Education, 2005
Public Net Present Value for an Individual Obtaining
Secondary or Higher Education
$140,000
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
-$20,000
-$40,000
www.kpcb.com
$0
NPV = $32,257
ROI = 109%
Secondary Education
NPV = $100,119
ROI = 299%
Higher Education
Unemployment Effect
Social Insurance Tax
Revenues
Income Tax Revenues
Public Foregone Tax
Revenues
Public Direct Cost
Note: * ROI (return on investment) calculated as NPV of future incremental tax revenues divided by cost for
government to support an individual for education. **Limited to male samples, female samples tend to have a
lower public NPV. Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 378
While Government Spending on Education Increased 60% Over Past 50 Years, At
Margin, Government Spent More on Healthcare…
8%
USA Total Government Healthcare vs. Education Spending as % of GDP, 1960 – 2008
Spending as % of GDP
6%
4%
2%
3.7%
Total Government (Federal + State + Local) Spending on Health Care
Total Government (Federal + State + Local) Spending on Education
6.0%
0%
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
www.kpcb.com
Note: Total government spending on healthcare includes Medicare, Medicaid and other programs and total government
spending on education includes spending on pre-primary through tertiary education programs. Source: Dept. of
Education, Dept. of Health & Human Services.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 379
Despite Increased Government Spending, USA Education is Falling Behind –
Math / Science Tests Scores Well Below OECD Average
& Getting Worse Though Self Confidence Rising
USA Ranking Out of 30-34* OECD Countries
in PISA (Program for International Student Assessment for 15-Year Olds)
2000 / 2003 / 2006 / 2009
2000 2003 2006 2009
2000-2009
Trend
Mathematics 18 23 25 25 ���
Science 14 19 21 17 �
Reading 16 15 --** 14 �
Self
Confidence 1 2 1 1 -- �
Note: *30 OECD countries participated in 2000 / 2003 PISA, 34 OECD countries participated in 2006 / 2009 PISA. 1) Confidence is the self-perceived efficacy in
learning abilities (for year 2000); mathematical problem solving abilities (for year 2003) and scientific problem solving abilities (for year 2006). USA tied in
confidence ranking with Canada, Hungary, Slovakia, Switzerland and Liechtenstein in 2003 and tied with Poland and Canada in 2006. **2006 reading scores for
USA were rendered invalid because of a printing error in questionnaire instructions. Source: OECD.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 380
USA Student Achievement Rankings* in Mathematics / Science
Have Fallen vs. Other OECD Countries
Mathematics Ranking*
2000 2009
1 Japan S. Korea
2 S. Korea Finland
3 New Zealand Switzerland
4 Finland Japan
5 Australia Canada
6 Canada Netherlands
7 Switzerland New Zealand
8 UK Belgium
9 Belgium Australia
10 France Germany
11 Austria Estonia
12 Denmark Iceland
13 Iceland Denmark
14 Sweden Slovenia
15 Ireland Norway
16 Norway France
17 Czech Republic Slovakia
18 USA Austria
19 Germany Poland
20 Hungary Sweden
21 Spain Czech Republic
22 Poland UK
23 Italy Hungary
24 Portugal Luxembourg
25 Greece USA
26 Luxembourg Ireland
27 Mexico Portugal
28 Spain
29 Italy
30 Greece
31 Israel
32 Turkey
33 Chile
34 Mexico
www.kpcb.com
Science Ranking*
2000 2009
1 Korea Finland
2 Japan Japan
3 Finland S. Korea
4 UK New Zealand
5 Canada Canada
6 New Zealand Estonia
7 Australia Australia
8 Austria Netherlands
9 Ireland Germany
10 Sweden Switzerland
11 Czech Republic UK
12 France Slovenia
13 Norway Poland
14 USA Ireland
15 Hungary Belgium
16 Iceland Hungary
17 Belgium USA
18 Switzerland Czech Republic
19 Spain Norway
20 Germany Denmark
21 Poland France
22 Denmark Iceland
23 Italy Sweden
24 Greece Austria
25 Portugal Portugal
26 Luxembourg Slovak Republic
27 Mexico Italy
28 Spain
29 Luxembourg
30 Greece
31 Israel
32 Turkey
33 Chile
34 Mexico
Note: *USA ranking out of OECD countries in PISA (Program for International Student Assessment for 15-Year Olds). Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
381
USA Young Adults’ (25-34) Higher-Education* Penetration Significantly Lags
Behind Canada / Korea / Russia / Japan
Percentage of 25- to 34-Year-Olds with an Associate
Degree or Higher, 2007
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Percentage of 25- to 34-Year-Olds with an Associate Degree or Higher Among
OECD Countries, 2007
Brazil
Turkey
Czech Republic
Chile
Italy
Austria
Mexico
Portugal
Hungary
Germany
Greece
Poland
Slovenia
Iceland
OECD Average
Estonia
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
UK
Spain
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
USA
Australia
Belgium
France
Israel
Norway
Ireland
New Zealand
Japan
Russia
Korea
Canada
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Higher education defined as post-secondary (college / university) education. Source: OECD.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 382
2
Focus on
Revenues
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education
Increase / Improve Employment
Improve Competitiveness
Review Tax Rates
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures*/
Broaden Tax Base
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
383
Employment =
Key to Growth in Federal Revenue & Expenses
The deficit problem is exacerbated by the
business cycle.
A stagnant or declining job market means lower income (via tax
revenue) and higher outlays (via entitlement expenses) for USA Inc.
Unemployment
Tax
Revenue
Entitlement
Expenses
=
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 384
Though Entitlements Are Structural, Not a Cyclical Problem,
Entitlement Outlays Go Up with High Unemployment
Real Entitlement Spending Y/Y & Unemployment Rates (%)
Real Entitlement Spending Y/Y Growth & Unemployment Rates, 1962 - 2009
20%
Real Entitlement Spending Y/Y
Unemployment Rate
15%
10%
5%
0%
86% Correlation Between 1986 & 2009
-5%
-10%
1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
www.kpcb.com
Note: Real spending adjusted for inflation. Fiscal year ends in September. Source: White House Office of Management &
Budget, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
385
Increase Employment –
High-Level Policy Options to Consider
Short-run options:
1) Payroll tax holiday and/or
2) Employment tax credit and/or
3) Job training and/or
4) Restore labor mobility by reducing housing imbalances
Medium- to long-run options:
1) Reduce employer health care costs and/or
2) Improve vocational training/education and/or
3) Encourage inward foreign direct investment, “onshoring”
which would increase domestic employment
www.kpcb.com
Source: Richard Berner, “Employment Prospects and Policies to Improve Them” (2/26/10), Morgan Stanley Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 386
Increase Employment: Structural Problems in USA Labor Force High
Healthcare Costs + Skills Mismatch + Labor Immobility
� Healthcare costs may be a barrier to hiring for employers
� Healthcare benefits = 8% of average total employee compensation; grew at 6.9%
CAGR from 1998 to 2008 compared with 4.5% CAGR in salaries.
� Healthcare benefits are fixed costs as they are paid on an annual per-worker basis
and do not vary with hours worked.
� As employers try to lower fixed costs to right-size to reduced revenue levels,
layoffs are the only way to reduce fixed healthcare costs.
� Skills mismatch may be a barrier to hiring for employers
� A large portion of the long-term unemployed may lack requisite skills.
� 14% of firms reported difficulty filling positions due to the lack of suitable talent, per
5/10 Manpower Research survey.
� Labor immobility resulting from the housing bust may be a barrier to hiring
� One in four homeowners are “trapped” because they owe more than their houses
are worth, so they cannot move to take new jobs – until they sell or walk away.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Richard Berner, “Why is US Employment So Weak” (7/23/10), Morgan Stanley Research.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
387
Increase Employment: Immigration Does Not Take Away Jobs in USA;
It Improves Productivity + Boosts Income per Worker
� Immigration = Positive Impact on USA Productivity & Income per Worker
� Immigration = Neutral Impact on Employment for U.S.-Born Workers
% Change in USA Productivity / Income per Worker / Employment for U.S.-Based Workers
In Response to an Inflow of Immigrants Equal to 1% of Employment
1.6
Immigration's Impact as % of
Employment / Income / Productivity
Increase
www.kpcb.com
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
-0.4
1 2 4 7 10
Years After Immigration
Productivity
Income per
Worker
Employment for
U.S.-Born Workers
Source: Giovanni Peri, “The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity,” 8/30/2010
Federal Reserve Board of San Francisco (FRBSF) Economic Letter 2010-26.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 388
2
Focus on
Revenues
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education
Increase / Improve Employment
Improve Competitiveness
Review Tax Rates
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures*/
Broaden Tax Base
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
389
Without appropriate
government incentives in
Education / Technology /
Infrastructure / Employment,
USA Inc. may continue to
lose relative competitive
strength to other countries.
www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 390
Compared to 10 Years Ago, USA is Losing Competitiveness
at the Margin vs. Its Peers
� McKinsey conducted a study in 2010 that compares the USA with other
countries on 20 attributes related to economic fundamentals, business
climate, human capital and infrastructure. McKinsey compared current
status vs. status in 2000.
� We augmented the McKinsey study with 9 additional attributes across those
aforementioned areas as well as government spending metrics.
� Through this study, we found that America, relative to other countries, improved
on none of the 29 attributes, remained the same on 9 attributes (including
GDP per capita, public debt as % of GDP, public spending on healthcare, public
spending on education, growth in local innovation clusters, population &
demographic profile, retention of foreign-born talents, total healthcare spending
and cost-adjusted labor productivity) and deteriorated on 20 (including trade
surplus, national spending on R&D, industrial production, corporate tax rate,
business environment, FDI, tax incentives for R&D, number of patent
applications, availability of high-quality labor, higher education penetration,
telecom & transportation infrastructure, etc.).
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
391
USA Ranking High in Country Attractiveness Indicators
But Losing Share at the Margin…
Economic
Fundamentals
Government
Spending
US Relative Position
Key metrics Ten Years Ago Today Trend
Household consumption � � �
Household consumption growth � � �
GDP � � �
GDP per capita 2 � � �
Stock market capitalization � � �
Technology company market cap 2 � � �
Industrial production � � �
Trade as % of GDP � � �
Trade surplus 2 � � �
National spending on R&D � � �
Defense spending 2 � � �
Government public debt as % GDP 2 � � �
Public healthcare spending as % of GDP 2 � � �
Government surplus as % of GDP 2 � � �
Public expenditure on education � � �
� Top Ranked � Top Quartile � Average � Bottom Quartile
Source: 1) Growth and competitiveness in the United States: The role of its multinational companies,
www.kpcb.com
McKinsey & Company. 2) estimates based on data from IMF / OECD
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 392
…USA Ranking High in Country Attractiveness Indicators
But Losing Share at the Margin
US relative position
Business climate
Human capital
Infrastructure
Key metrics Ten Years Ago Today Trend
Statutory corporate tax rate � � �
Business environment � � �
FDI as % of GDP � � �
Growth of local innovation clusters � � �
Tax incentives for R&D � � �
Population and demographic profile � � �
Availability of high-quality labor � � �
Retention of foreign-born talent � � �
Cost-adjusted labor productivity � � �
Total healthcare spending per Capita 2 � � �
Higher education penetration 2 � � �
Number of patent applications � � �
Transportation � � �
Telecommunications � � �
www.kpcb.com
� Top Ranked � Top Quartile � Average � Bottom Quartile
Source: 1) Growth and competitiveness in the United States: The role of its multinational companies,
McKinsey & Company. 2) estimates based on data from IMF / OECD
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
393
USA’s Share of Global GDP Has Declined from 33% in 1985 to 24% in 2010,
While China / Brazil / Korea’s Shares Have Risen
100%
Share of World GDP, USA vs. China / Brazil / India, 1985 – 2010E
Rest of World
Share of World GDP (%)
80%
60%
40%
33%
1985-2010E
Largest Share Gainers
China +6% to 9%
Brazil +1% to 3%
Korea +1% to 2%
24%
20%
0%
USA
1985-2010E
Share Loss = -9%
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
www.kpcb.com
Note: Data are NOT adjusted for purchasing power parity. Source: IMF.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
394
2
Focus on
Revenues
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education
Increase / Improve Employment
Improve Competitiveness
Review Tax Rates
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures*/
Broaden Tax Base
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
395
Simple Tax Math* – Big Across-the-Board Tax Rate Increases Would Be
Needed to Potentially Generate Meaningful Revenue Improvements
� Each one percentage point across-the-board tax rate increase would generate an
incremental $127 billion revenue for USA Inc. in F2010E 1 ...excluding any related
negative impact on spending / GDP growth, which is difficult to do…
Across-the-Board
Tax Rate Increase
Hypothetical Revenue Increase for
USA Inc. in F2010E ($ billions)
…Which Would Reduce
Estimated Losses in
F2010E by
1 Percentage Point $127 8%
2 Percentage
Points (pps)
$254 16%
3 pps $381 24%
4 pps $508 33%
5 pps $635 41%
10 pps $1,270 82%
Note: *The simple tax math presented here are pure mathematical illustrations – we simply calculated how big a broad-based tax rate increase (for
individual and corporate income, as well as payroll) would have to be for USA Inc. to financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical
illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions. 1) Incremental dollar amount calculated as 1% of projected total personal & corporate
income, which historically has been at ~87% of GDP. Source: F2010E revenue & deficit per White House OMB, GDP per CBO.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 396
More Complex Tax Math: If Lower Brackets Excluded, Draconian Rate Hikes
Required to Attempt to Bring USA Inc. Budget Into Financial Balance
100%
Current Federal Income Tax Rates vs.
Rates Needed to Reduce Deficit to 3% of GDP in 10 Years
Federal Income Tax Rates (%)
80%
60%
40%
20%
Current Federal Income Tax Rates
Marginal Tax Rates Required to Balance USA Inc.'s Budget*
28% 28%
25% 25%
15% 15%
10% 10%
33%
72%
35%
77%
0%
www.kpcb.com
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5 Tier 6
Note: *The tax math presented here are pure mathematical illustrations – it is simply calculated to measure how much tax rates need to
increase (for the top two income brackets) to achieve a deficit-to-GDP ratio of 3% by 2019E assuming a baseline budget path and relying on
personal income tax rate hikes alone. These calculations are merely mechanical illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions.
Source: The Urban Institute (Desperately Seeking Revenue, By Altshuler, Lim and Williams, 1/5/2010.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 397
Pros + Cons of Tax Rate Hikes
� A more progressive income tax system could lower tax burden from
potential subsidy cuts and carbon taxes on the low-income population.
� Addressing income inequality may enhance perceived fairness – and
political chances – of comprehensive deficit measures.
� Across-the-board tax rate increases would hurt nearly everyone, but
especially lower-income taxpayers.
� Rate increases on upper brackets usually spur tax avoidance, and
revenues often fall short of targets.
� Rate increases, which discourage savings, amplify distortions in the
economy from tax subsidies, exclusions and tax expenditures, all of
which encourage consumption.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 398
Despite Multitudes of Tax Rate Changes, USA Inc.’s Tax Revenue as Percent
of GDP Remained Roughly Stable at 15-20% from 1960-2002
Federal Tax Receipts by Category as % of GDP, 1960 - 2009
25%
Individual Income Corporate Income Social Insurance Excise & Other
Federal Tax Receipts as % of GDP
20%
15%
10%
5%
50-year Trendline
0%
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
www.kpcb.com
Source: White House OMB.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
399
2
Focus on
Revenues
Drive Sustainable
Economic
Growth
Invest in Technology / Infrastructure / Education
Increase / Improve Employment
Improve Competitiveness
Consider
Changing Tax
Policies
Review Tax Rates
Reduce Subsidies / Tax Expenditures*/
Broaden Tax Base
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
400
Mathematical Illustrations*
� 1) To eliminate F2010 deficits by increasing individual / corporate / payroll tax
rates across-the-board would require +12 percentage points of tax rate increase
(raising $1.4 trillion) – and would likely damage economic growth? or
� 2) To eliminate primary budget deficit** by F2019E by increasing top two tiers of
income tax rates would require moving marginal rates to 72% / 77% from 33% /
35% – also likely to damage growth and encourage tax avoidance? or
� 3) Broadening tax base could require reducing ‘tax expenditures’ and subsidies,
e.g., limiting deductions and subsidies for housing & healthcare?
Policy Options
Illustrating the Revenue Tradeoffs –
Changing Tax Rates vs. Broadening the Tax Base
� 1) A combination of somewhat higher rates and a broader tax base? and/or
� 2) Changing taxation of individual income to encourage saving / investment
rather than consumption (perhaps a value-added tax and/or carbon tax)? and/or
� 3) Changing taxation of corporate income to reflect global competition?
Note: *The simple tax math presented here are pure mathematical illustrations – we simply calculated how big a broad-based tax rate increase (for
individual and corporate income, as well as payroll) would have to be for USA Inc. to financial break-even. These calculations are merely mechanical
illustrations and are not meant to portray realistic solutions. **Primary budget deficit is the budget deficit excluding net interest payments.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 401
Changing USA Inc.’s Tax System Could Help
Rebalance the Economy & Reallocate Resources
� Though there would be adjustment costs, reducing subsidies and ‘tax
expenditures’ could broaden the tax base and collect more revenue, while
allowing income tax rates to stay low or go lower.
� The current system favors consumption, penalizes saving; a tax based on
consumption (or “value added”) could offset some of that penalty, though there
are risks and drawbacks.
� Subsidies create incentives to consume more health insurance and housing –
both account for 20% of GDP, vs. 11% in 1965 1 – and take resources from other
sectors like education, technology, infrastructure.
� A worldwide corporate tax system with a lower tax rate could reduce incentives
for companies to keep income offshore.
� A carbon tax could raise some additional revenue to reduce the deficit, while
encouraging sustainable economic development.
www.kpcb.com
Source: 1) per BEA and CMS.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 402
Changing Tax Policy to Broaden Tax Base: Subsidies + Tax Expenditures =
70% of USA Inc.’s Cash Flow Deficit
F2009 Subsidies & Tax Expenditures & Deficit ($B)
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc.’s Deficit vs. Aggregate Subsidies and Tax Expenditures*, F2009
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
$1,413B
F2009 Deficit
$981B*
$673B*
$308B*
F2009 Subsidies & Tax
Expenditures
Some tax expenditures favor
consumption...
Such as tax exemption on
employer contributions to health
insurance & deductibility of
mortgage interest on owneroccupied
homes…
…But others favor saving,
investment, and growth
Such as tax exemptions /
deductibility on capital gains /
dividends / pension contributions
& savings / accelerated
depreciation of equipment…
Note: *Each foregone revenue estimate assumes all other parts of the Tax Code remain unchanged during F2009. Aggregate tax subsidies presented here is simply
the sum of individual estimates. In reality, the aggregate estimate would be different if tax subsidies were changed simultaneously because of potential interactions
among provisions.
Source: White House OMB, “Analytical Perspective – Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2011.”
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 403
Raising Revenue by Reducing Tax Expenditures & Subsidies: Examples
• Reducing the biggest tax expenditures and subsidies could net $1.7
trillion in additional revenue over the next decade, per CBO and the
Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget:
– Reduce the tax exclusion for health insurance or replace with a credit
– Cap the deduction for state and local taxes
– Gradually reduce the mortgage interest deduction or change to a credit
– Limit the tax benefit of other deductions, e.g., charitable contributions
• Some subsidies encourage saving or investment…and cutting them
could mean short-term revenue gain but a net loss over time.
Examples:
– Favorable taxation of capital gains, dividends, and pension contributions
– Exclude investment income from life insurance and annuities in taxable income
– Accelerated depreciation or expensing of capital equipment outlays
www.kpcb.com
Source: Sources: Congressional Budget Office, Budget Options Volume 1: Health Care and Volume 2, 2009; Committee for a
Responsible Federal Budget, Let’s Get Specific: Tax Expenditures (October 2010)
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 404
USA’s Unbalanced Economy –
Personal Consumption (Driven in Part by Healthcare) =
71% of GDP vs. 62% From 1950 To 1980…
Personal Consumption as % of GDP, 1950 - 2009
75%
Personal Consumption as % of GDP
Personal Consumption as % of GDP
70%
65%
60%
Personal Consumption (ex. Healthcare) as % of GDP
1950-1980 Trend line for Personal Consumption as % of GDP
55%
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
www.kpcb.com
Note: Personal consumption includes household consumption of all goods and services. Source: BEA, Federal Reserve.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
405
…USA’s Unbalanced Economy –
National Savings (Personal + Corporate + Government Savings) =
-3% of GDP, vs. 10% From 1950 To 1980
USA Net Saving as % of GDP, 1950 - 2009
16%
USA Net National Saving as % of GDP
12%
8%
4%
0%
1950-1980 Trend line for Net Saving as % of GDP
-4%
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
www.kpcb.com
Note: National savings equal the aggregate savings by household, corporate and government sectors.
Source: BEA, Federal Reserve.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 406
Current Tax Policies Help Spur Consumption –
USA’s Taxes on Consumption of Goods & Services Lowest Among Peers
Taxes on Consumption as % of GDP, 2007
20%
16%
12%
8%
4%
0%
Taxes on Consumption of Goods & Services as % of GDP Among OECD
Countries, 2007
USA
Japan
Switzerland
Canada
Australia
Korea
Mexico
Spain
Luxembourg
UK
Germany
France
OECD Average
Belgium
Italy
Czech Republic
Ireland
Netherlands
New Zealand
Slovak Republic
Turkey
Greece
Austria
Norway
Finland
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Hungary
Denmark
Iceland
www.kpcb.com
Source: OECD, 2009 database.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
407
America’s Resources Allocated to Housing + Healthcare Nearly Doubled as a Percent
of GDP Since 1965, While Household and Government Savings Fell Dramatically
25%
20%
Healthcare + Housing Spending vs. Net Household +
Government Savings as % of GDP, 1965-2009
Housing + Healthcare Spending as % of GDP
Net Household + Government Savings as % of GDP
20%
As % of GDP
15%
10%
5%
11%
7%
0%
-5%
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
-10%
-9%
www.kpcb.com
Note: Housing includes purchase, rent and home improvement. Government savings occur when government runs a surplus.
Source: BEA, CMS via Haver Analytics.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
408
USA Income Taxes Higher, Consumption Taxes Lower Than OECD Peers
Government Tax Revenue as % of GDP, USA vs. OECD Average, 2007
Tax Type USA OECD Average
Variance
(USA – OECD)
Individual Income Taxes 10.8% 9.4% 1.4%
Property Taxes 3.1 1.9 1.2
Other 4.7 5.0 -0.3
Corporate Income Taxes 3.1 3.9 -0.8
Social Security Taxes 6.6 9.1 -2.5
Value Added Taxes -- 6.5 -6.5
Total 28.3% 35.8% -7.5%
www.kpcb.com
Source: OECD Tax Database.
USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider?
409
Tax Policy Options From Report of the National Commission on
Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
� Consolidate the tax code into three individual income rates (15% / 25% / 35%) and one
corporate income rate (26%)
� Eliminate the complex tax codes such as AMT 1 , PEP 2 , and Pease 3
� Triple standard deduction to $30,000 ($15,000 for individuals)
� Repeal state & local tax deduction and miscellaneous itemized deductions
� Limit mortgage deduction to exclude 2 nd residences, home equity loans, and mortgages
over $500,000
� Limit charitable deduction with floor at 2% of Adjusted Gross Income
� Cap income tax exclusion for employer-provided healthcare at the amount of the actuarial
value of Federal Employees Health Benefits Plan (FEHBP) standard option
� Permanently extend the research tax credit for businesses
� Eliminate and modify several business tax expenditures (domestic production deduction /
LIFO 4 method of accounting / energy tax preferences for the oil and gas industry /
depreciation rules)
� International tax reform including a territorial system 5
Note: 1) AMT is the Alternative Minimum Tax; 2) PEP is Personal Exemption Phase-out designed to eliminate personal income exemptions for high earners; 3) Pease is a similar
phase-out, but instead of applying to personal exemption, it applies to most of the itemized deductions of a taxpayer’s claims (mortgage interest, charitable gifts, state & local taxes
paid, etc.); Pease is named after Representative Donald Pease (D-OH) who pushed for its enactment in 1990. 4) LIFO is ‘Last In, First Out’ which tend to reduce corporations’ income
taxes in times of inflation. 5) A territorial tax system is a tax system that taxes only income that is created within the borders of a specific territory (usually a country). Source: National
Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, “The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform,” 12/1/10. Note that the Report also
identified two other scenarios called the ‘The Zero Plan’ which eliminates all tax expenditures and ‘Tax Reform Trigger’ which forces Congress to undertake comprehensive tax reform
by 2012 by raising taxes for each year Congress fails to act.
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USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 412
Consequences of Inaction
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
413
To Take a Step Back…
� We Asked the Question
�
How would public shareholders view USA Inc.?
� What Have We Found?
�
USA Inc.’s finances – short-term and long-term, income statement
and balance sheet – are challenged. Management’s policies have
created incentives to invest in healthcare, housing, and current
consumption rather than in productive capital, education, and
technology – the tools needed to compete in the global marketplace.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 414
Consequences of Inaction – Investor Perspective
� Short Term, No Problem Yet
�
Global bond investors, in part, have looked past USA Inc.’s
deteriorating financials because growth, inflation, and Fed
purchases matter more, and because income statements and
balance sheets of many other developed countries (such as
Greece / Spain / Portugal / Ireland) are worse.
� Long Term, Consequences of Inaction Could Be Severe
�
If USA Inc.’s “managers” and “board” continue to ignore rising
unfunded entitlement spending, investors could eventually demand
a higher return to lend money to USA Inc. – leading to rising bond
yields / higher borrowing costs for USA Inc. At some point, USA
Inc.’s currency could also weaken significantly.
Source: Richard Berner, “America’s Fiscal Train Wreck” (7/2/2009), Morgan Stanley Research.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
415
For Perspective, USA Inc.'s 55% Public Debt as % of GDP (2009) is in Middle of Pack
When Compared with ‘Top 25’ Global Peers, Though Rising to 90% ‘Warning’ Level*
Rank
Country
2009 Net Debt
Outstanding ($B)
Y/Y
As % of Net Debt as % of GDP As % of 2009 Budget As % of 2009
World
Total 2009 2005
05-09
Change
2009 GDP
($B)
Note: *Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff observed from 3,700 historical annual data points from 44 countries that the relationship between government debt and real GDP growth
is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP. Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more. . We
note that while Reinhart and Rogoff’s observations are based on ‘gross debt’ data, in the U.S., debt held by the public is closer to the European countries’ definition of government
gross debt. For more information, see Reinhart and Rogoff, “Growth in a Time of Debt,” 1/10. Pps is percentage points. Source: IMF, Business Intelligence Monitor .
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 416
Y/Y
World
Total
Surplus /
Deficit ($B)
World Gross
Deficit
Unemployment
Rate
1 Japan $9,149 12% 26% 181% 162% 19% $5,049 -5% 9% -960 33% 5% +1
2 Italy 2,434 0 7 116 106 11 2,090 -5 4 -0 -- 8 +1
3 Greece 374 8 1 111 99 12 338 -2 1 -27 1 9 +2
4 Belgium 454 0 1 98 92 6 461 -3 1 -1 0 8 +1
5 France 2,028 5 6 77 66 11 2,635 -2 5 -105 4 9 +2
6 Germany 2,423 1 7 75 68 7 3,235 -5 6 -16 1 7 +0
7 Austria 263 2 1 70 64 6 374 -4 1 -5 0 5 +1
8 India 854 -3 2 69 80 -12 1,243 6 2 31 -- -- --
9 UK 1,444 3 4 66 42 24 2,198 -5 4 -49 2 7 +2
10 Canada 870 -5 3 66 70 -4 1,319 -3 2 44 -- 8 +2
11 Netherlands 503 -1 1 64 52 12 790 -4 1 4 -- 4 +1
12 Argentina 178 -7 1 59 59 0 301 1 1 14 -- -- --
13 USA 7,811 23 23 55 37 17 14,266 -2 25 -1,438 50 9 +3
14 Poland 223 -11 1 53 47 6 423 2 1 26 -- -- --
15 Spain 757 20 2 53 43 10 1,438 -4 2 -125 4 18 +7
16 Norway 187 -17 1 51 45 6 369 -2 1 38 -- 3 +1
17 Sweden 175 -5 1 44 51 -7 398 -4 1 9 -- 8 +2
18 Brazil 650 -6 2 44 44 0 1,482 0 3 40 -- -- --
19 Switzerland 212 5 1 44 53 -9 484 -1 1 -10 0 4 +1
20 Denmark 125 7 0 40 38 3 308 -5 1 -8 0 3 +2
21 Turkey 219 -14 1 37 52 -15 594 -5 1 36 -- -- --
22 Australia 309 -3 1 34 36 -3 920 1 2 8 -- 6 +1
23 Venezuela 95 11 0 27 27 0 353 -3 1 -9 0 -- --
24 China 609 7 2 13 18 -5 4,758 9 8 -38 1 -- --
25 Russia 92 -15 0 7 14 -7 1,255 -8 2 17 -- -- --
Top 1-25 $32,438 0% 94% 55% 52% 3% $47,081 -3% 81% $2,790 97% 7% +1
Global 34,632 8 100 68 66 2 57,937 -2 100 2,885 100 7 +2
Y/Y
(pps)
On a Net Worth Basis, USA Inc. Also Sits in Middle of Pack vs. Western
European Peer Governments
Illustrative Estimates* of Government Net Worth, 2009
Estimated Government Net Worth as % of GDP
400%
0%
-400%
-800%
-1200%
-1600%
Better Than USA
Worse Than USA
Cost of Ageing
Structural Deficit
Initial Debt Level
Italy
Germany
Belgium
France
Portugal
USA
UK
Spain
Ireland
Greece
Note: *Estimates of government net worth depends heavily on underlying assumptions such as projections for GDP, demographics, policy changes, etc. Net worth
estimates may differ from U.S. Dept. of Treasury’s data (used in earlier slides). For more details on underlying assumptions, please refer to Morgan Stanley
Research’s Global Outlook piece “Sovereign Subjects: Ask Not Whether Governments Will Default, But How,” 8/25/10.
Source: Arnaud Mares, Morgan Stanley Research.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 417
Combined With US Dollar’s Reserve Currency Status,
Investors Still Prefer USA Inc.’s Debt, For Now
Global Aggregate Foreign Exchange Reserves by Currency, 1999 – 2010*
Global Foreign Exchange Reserves (US$B)
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
Other Currencies
Euros
US Dollars
US Dollars' Share of Total
100%
75%
50%
25%
US Dollars' Share of Total
$0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*
0%
www.kpcb.com
Note: 2010 data are preliminary and as of CQ3. Source: IMF.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 418
However, in Longer Term, Credit Rating Agencies Have Begun to Worry
About USA Inc.’s Debt Affordability
� On balance, we believe that the ratings of all large Aaa governments [including
USA Inc.] remain well positioned, although their ‘distance-to-downgrade’ has
in all cases substantially diminished…Growth alone will not resolve an
increasingly complicated debt equation…Preserving debt affordability at levels
consistent with Aaa ratings will invariably require fiscal adjustments of a
magnitude that, in some cases, will test social cohesion. 1
� - Pierre Cailleteau
� Managing Director of Sovereign Risk at Moody’s, 3/16/2010
� …if there are not offsetting measures to reverse the deterioration in negative
fundamentals in the U.S., the likelihood of a negative outlook over the next two
years will increase. 2
� Sarah Carlson,
Senior Analyst at Moody's, 1/14/2011
www.kpcb.com
Sources: 1) Bloomberg, The New York Times; 2) The Wall Street Journal
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
419
Treasury Swap Spread 1 Turned Negative For First Time in History 2 –Now
Cheaper for Some Private Companies to Borrow than USA Government
160
10-Year Treasury Swap Spreads & Federal Budget Deficit / Surplus, 1988 – 2010
4%
10yr Treasury Swap Spread (bps)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
2%
0%
-2%
-4%
-6%
-8%
-10%
-12%
USA Federal Budget Surplus / Deficit as % of
GDP (%)
10y Treasury Swap Spreads (left axis)
Federal Budget Deficit/Surplus as % of GDP (right axis)
Note: 1) Treasury swap spread = Treasury yield – swap rate (between bonds of comparable maturity); swap rate is the fixed interest rate that the buyer demands in
exchange for the uncertainty of paying the short-term LIBOR (floating) rate over time; swap rates are generally higher than Treasury yields with corresponding
maturities as they include incremental credit risk associated with the banks that provide swaps compared to Treasuries, which are viewed as risk-free. 2)10-year
Treasury swap spread turned negative on 3/24/10, while 30-year Treasury swap spread turned negative in 10/08 and shorter-term Treasury swap spreads are still
positive. Source: Bloomberg.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 420

Financial Challenges for Countries are Not Uncommon
� Of course, there are no exact precedents for the financial
challenges faced by America and many other countries in
the world today.
� Yet a quick overview of a few government and corporate
financial crises may illustrate how managements have
addressed – or failed to address – the problems of their day.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
421
History Doesn’t Repeat Itself, But It Often Rhymes 1 –
What Can We Learn From These Credit Crises?
Sovereign
Credit Crisis
State / Local
Financial Woes
Corporate
Bankruptcy
2010 – Greece
($374B Debt Outstanding –
113% of GDP)
2009 – Dubai
($26B – 32% of GDP)
2001 – Argentina
($132B – 130% of GDP)
1998 – Russia
($73B – 27% of GDP)
1975 – New York City
($14B* Debt Outstanding)
2009 – General Motors
($95B Debt Outstanding)
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) Attributed to Mark Twain. *NYC government and subsidiaries had $14B debt outstanding in 1975. Adjusting for
inflation, $14B of 1975 dollars would have been ~$50B in today’s dollars. Source: sovereign data points per IMF and
World Bank. NYC data point per California Research Bureau “Overview of New York City’s Fiscal Crisis,” 3/1/1995.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 422
Simple Pattern Recognition From Historical Debt Crisis
Reveal Common Drivers (Leverage & Entitlements) + Triggers
Year of
Crisis
Debt Restructured
Amount
% of GDP
Long-Term
Drivers
Short-Term
Triggers
Key
Stakeholders
Greece 2010 $374B 113%
Rising Underfunded
Entitlement Spending
Financial Crisis
International Bond
Investors
Dubai 2009 26B 32
Leveraged Construction /
Real Estate Bubble
Financial Crisis
International Bond
Investors
Argentina 2001 132B 130
Rising Underfunded
Entitlement Spending +
Currency Peg
Financial Crisis
International Bond
Investors
Russia 1998 73B 27
Declining Productivity +
Currency Peg
Financial Crisis
International Bond
Investors
New York
City
1975 14B 1 --
Rising Underfunded
Entitlement Spending
Recession
Bond Investors +
Federal
Government
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) NYC government and subsidiaries had $14B debt outstanding in 1975. Adjusting for inflation, $14B of 1975
dollars would have been ~$50B in today’s dollars. Source: sovereign data points per IMF and World Bank. NYC data
point per California Research Bureau “Overview of New York City’s Fiscal Crisis,” 3/1/1995.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 423
Lessons Learned: Historical Debt Crisis
� Rising Unfunded Entitlement Spending = Often a Long-Term Driver of Debt
Crisis
� Countries such as Greece / Argentina and cities such as New York all nearly
brought down by unfunded entitlement spending.
� Financial Crisis / Economic Downturn = Often the Short-Term Trigger of
Debt Crisis
� All cases had similar short-term triggers.
� External Forces = Often Key Stakeholders in Crisis & Driving Ensuing
Changes
� Most sovereign credit crises + ensuing reforms were driven by loss of
confidence of international bond investors.
� New York City’s near default was driven by demands from bond holders +
refusal of bailout from federal government.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 424
While High Government Debt Levels Could Hasten Economic Recovery
Post Recession, There Are Many Long-Term Negative Consequences
� Crowding Out Investment � Lower Output & Income
� A growing portion of people’s savings would be diverted to purchase
government debt rather than toward investment in productive capital goods.
� Higher Interest Payments � Higher Tax Rates & Lower Output & Income
� Government may be forced to raise marginal tax rates and / or reduce
spending on other programs to meet interest payments.
� Reduced Ability to Borrow � Less Policy Flexibility
� In case of economic downturns or international crises, government may not be
able to raise substantially more debt.
� Increased Chance of Sudden Fiscal Crisis � Social / Economic Disruption
� Investors may lose confidence in government’s ability to repay debt & interest
without causing inflation.
www.kpcb.com
Source: Congressional Budget Office, “Federal Debt and the Risk of a Fiscal Crisis.” 7/10.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
425
Lessons Learned: For Countries Burdened by High Debt Levels,
Austerity Measures are Necessary
Greece
Ireland
Spain
Portugal
2009
Deficit as
% of GDP
Gross Debt
as % of GDP
14% 113%
11% 66%
11% 54%
9% 78%
2009-2010 Austerity Measures New Revenue Streams
� Wage freeze & bonus cut of 14% on
all public sector employees
� Reduction in government contract
workers
� 11% reduction in pensions &
Increase in retirement age to 65 from
58
� 5-15% pay cut & 4% benefit
reduction for all public sector
employees
� $1.5B+ broad spending cuts in
healthcare & infrastructure
� Hiring freeze for public sectors
� Increase of retirement age to 67
from 60
� Total budget cut of $70B 10-13E
� Wage freeze on all public sector
employees
� Reduce state payroll via attrition
� Joint IMF–EU bailout of $146B
� Tax increases for VAT (+2%) /
fuel / alcohol / cigarette (+10%)
� Clamp down on tax evasion
� Carbon tax on fuel
� 1% tax rise on personal income
about 120K euros
� Sold $7B in new bonds
� 50% bonus tax on top bank
executives
� Privatize state-owned industries
www.kpcb.com
Source: Eurostat, European Commission, IMF, New York Times, Financial Times, BBC, Wall Street Journal.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 426
European Countries (including Greece, Portugal, Ireland and Spain) Have
Committed A Rising Share of GDP to ‘Social Benefits’ Over Past Decade
25%
Social Benefits Paid by Government as % of GDP, 1999 vs. 2009
Social Benefits Paid by Government as % of GDP
20%
15%
10%
5%
Greece
Austria
Italy
France
2009 1999
European Union 2009 Average = 17.1%
Germany
Finland
Belgium
Portugal
Denmark
Hungary
Luxembourg
Ireland
UK
Spain
www.kpcb.com
Source: Eurostat. ‘Social Benefits’ include both social insurance (comparable to Social Security and Medicare) and social
assistance benefits (comparable to Medicaid) provided by government units as well as all social insurance benefits provided
under private funded and unfunded social insurance schemes, whether in cash or in kind.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 427
Austerity Measures to Take Away Entitlement Benefits
Could Spark a Vicious Cycle
Less Revenue for
Corporations &
Small Businesses
Higher
Unemployment
Lower Consumption
Lower
Government Tax
Receipts
Less Investor
Confidence
Lower Productivity
Higher Tax Rates
Social Unrest
More Austerity
Measures
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 428
Social Unrest Can Shake Investor Confidence
And Contagion Can Spread
10%
10-Year Sovereign Yield Spread (over German Bonds) for Greece / Portugal /
Spain / Ireland, April 1 – May 10, 2010
10-Year Treasury Yield Spread (Over German Bond) (%)
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
4/22 – Greek civil servants
stage a 24-hour strike
5/6 – Greek parliament
formally approves austerity
package agreed w/ EU & IMF
5/5 – Violent protests in
Athens against proposed
austerity measures
4/1 4/4 4/7 4/10 4/13 4/16 4/19 4/22 4/25 4/28 5/1 5/4 5/7
Greece
Portugal
Spain
Ireland
www.kpcb.com
Source: FactSet.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
429
Government Deficits and Changes in Sovereign Credit Default Swap Rates
= Positively Correlated
Change in CDS Premia Between 26 Oct 2009 and 27
May 2010, bps
Cumulative Government Deficits as % of GDP vs. Change in Sovereign CDS
between 2007 and 2011E
600
Greece
500
400
300
Portugal
R 2 = 0.1996
200
Italy
Spain
Ireland
100
0
0%
Germany
Japan
Netherlands
Austria
10% 20%
France
USA
30% 40%
UK
50% 60%
-100
Cumulative Government Deficits as % of GDP for 2007-2011 (10-11 Projections)
www.kpcb.com
Sources: OECD; Markit; National Data
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 430
When Corporations Like General Motors Run Out of Cash,
Eventually They File for Bankruptcy
$200
$150
General Motors Balance Sheet, 2000 – CQ1:09
$27B
Cash*
6/09 – 3 rd Largest
Bankruptcy
Filing in USA
History
Assets / Liabilities / Net Worth ($B)
$100
$50
$
-$50
-$100
-$150
$12B
Cash*
Cash & Marketable
Securities
Assets (ex. Cash)
Accrued Pension +
OPEB Liabilities
Liabilities (ex. Pension
& OPEB)
Net Worth
(Shareholders' Equity)
-$200
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
$23B
Short-term Debt**
2008
CQ1:09
www.kpcb.com
Note: *Includes cash & equivalents, as well as marketable securities; **short-term debt also includes current portion of longterm
debt. Source: General Motors.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
431
General Motors –
Entitlement Spending Became Too Onerous for this Great American Company
1908 – Founded in Flint, Michigan to manufacture automobiles
1954 – Shipped 50 millionth automobile
1988 – Free cash flow peaked at $6.3B
1999 – Reached a peak market capitalization of $61B
2006 – Revenue peaked at $207B
2009 – Filed for bankruptcy
� Why did GM file for bankruptcy?
Products became increasingly uncompetitive. In addition, pension plans to
support 650,000 retirees and their dependents (compared with 80,000 active
employees in N. America as of 2010) rose to 4.8% of GM’s annual expenses and
$4,679 in annual pension payments per worker to former workers.
Source: General Motors, FactSet, DataStream, History News Network.
www.kpcb.com
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 432
Comparing GM & USA, Inc…
USA
2010
General
Motors
2008
Gross Debt as % of GDP 93% 82% Gross Debt as % of Revenue 1
Federal Spending as % of GDP 24 114 Total Cost as % of Revenue
Federal Budget Surplus as % of GDP -9 -21 Net Income as % of Revenue
Interest Payments as % of GDP 1 2 Interest Payments as % of Revenue
% of Citizens Receiving Government
Subsidy or on Government Payroll
36 75
% of Total GM Population 2
Dependent on the company
www.kpcb.com
Note: 1) Gross debt of GM calculated as total liabilities – future OPEB & pension liabilities, as these liabilities are not
reflected in USA gross debt. 2) % of total GM population dependent on the company = all living retirees / (living retirees +
current workers). Source: White House Office of Management and Budget, OECD, Heritage Foundation, General Motors.
USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction
433
…Good News for GM Is It Has ‘Taken Its Medicine’ and Has
Begun to Implement a Successful Turnaround
Basic Framework of GM Turnaround:
� Focus on Expenses
� Eliminated some of the legacy entitlements - swapped employee
healthcare for equity ownership.
� Significantly changed operating efficiency - took out costs so that GM
was able to operate at breakeven at bottom of the cycle and turn cash
flow positive during other parts of its business cycle.
� Focus on Revenue
� Changed business model to move away from lowering cost to
improving vehicle quality, engineering and styling.
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USA Inc. | Consequences of Inaction 436
Summary
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USA Inc. | Summary
437
Highlights from F2010 USA Inc. Financials
� Summary – USA Inc. has challenges.
� Cash Flow – While recession depressed F2008-F2010 results, cash flow has been negative
for 9 consecutive years ($4.8 trillion, cumulative), with no end to losses in sight. Negative
cash flow implies that USA Inc. can't afford the services it is providing to 'customers,' many
of whom are people with few alternatives.
� Balance Sheet – Net worth is negative and deteriorating.
� Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities – Off-balance sheet liabilities of at least $31 trillion (primarily
unfunded Medicare and Social Security obligations) amount to nearly $3 for every $1 of debt
on the books. Just as unfunded corporate pensions and other post-employment benefits
(OPEB) weigh on public corporations, unfunded entitlements, over time, may increase USA
Inc.’s cost of capital. And today’s off-balance sheet liabilities will be tomorrow’s on-balance
sheet debt.
� Conclusion – Publicly traded companies with similar financial trends would be pressed by
shareholders to pursue a turnaround. The good news: USA Inc.’s underlying asset base and
entrepreneurial culture are strong. The financial trends can shift toward a positive direction,
but both ‘management’ and ‘shareholders’ will need collective focus, willpower, commitment,
and sacrifice.
Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; Cash flow = total revenue – total spending on a cash basis; net worth includes
unfunded future liabilities from Social Security and Medicare on an accrual basis over the next 75 years. Source: cash flow per
White House Office of Management and Budget; net worth per Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S.
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Government,” adjusted to include unfunded liabilities of Social Security and Medicare.
USA Inc. | Summary 438
Drilldown on USA Inc. Financials…
� To analysts looking at USA Inc. as a public corporation, the financials are challenged
�
Excluding Medicare / Medicaid spending and one-time charges, USA Inc. has supported a 4% average net
margin 1 over 15 years, but cash flow is deep in the red by negative $1.3 trillion last year (or
-$11,000 per household), and net worth 2 is negative $44 trillion (or -$371,000 per household).
� The main culprits: entitlement programs, mounting debt, and one-time charges
�
�
�
Since the Great Depression, USA Inc. has steadily added “business lines” and, with the best of intentions,
created various entitlement programs. Some of these serve the nation’s poorest, whose struggles have
been made worse by the financial crisis. Apart from Social Security and unemployment insurance,
however, funding for these programs has been woefully inadequate – and getting worse.
Entitlement expenses (adjusted for inflation) rose 70% over the last 15 years, and USA Inc. entitlement
spending now equals $16,600 per household per year; annual spending exceeds dedicated funding by
more than $1 trillion (and rising). Net debt levels are approaching warning levels, and one-time charges
only compound the problem.
Some consider defense spending a major cause of USA Inc.’s financial dilemma. Re-setting priorities and
streamlining could yield savings – $788 billion by 2018, according to one recent study 3 – perhaps without
damaging security. But entitlement spending has a bigger impact on USA Inc. financials. Although
defense nearly doubled in the last decade, to 5% of GDP, it is still below its 7% share of GDP from 1948 to
2000. It accounted for 20% of the budget in 2010, but 41% of all government spending between 1789 and
1930.
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Note: 1) Net margin defined as net income divided by total revenue; 2) net worth defined as assets (ex. stewardship assets like national
parks and heritage assets like the Washington Monument) minus liabilities minus the net present value of unfunded entitlements (such as
Social Security and Medicare), data per Treasury Dept.'s “2010 Annual Report on the U.S. Government”; 3) Gordon Adams and Matthew
Leatherman, “A Leaner and Meaner National Defense,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2011)
USA Inc. | Summary 439
…Drilldown on USA Inc. Financials…
� Medicare and Medicaid, largely underfunded (based on ‘dedicated’ revenue) and
growing rapidly, accounted for 21% (or $724B) of USA Inc.’s total expenses in F2010,
up from 5% forty years ago
� Together, these two programs represent 35% of all (annual) US healthcare spending; Federal Medicaid
spending has doubled in real terms over the last decade, to $273 billion annually.
� Total government healthcare spending consumes 8.2% of GDP compared with just
1.3% fifty years ago; the new health reform law could increase USA Inc.’s budget
deficit
� As government healthcare spending expands, USA Inc.’s red ink will get much worse if healthcare costs
continue growing 2 percentage points faster than per capita income (as they have for 40 years).
� Unemployment Insurance and Social Security are adequately funded...for now. The
future, not so bright
� Demographic trends have exacerbated the funding problems for Medicare and Social Security – of the
102 million increased enrollment between 1965 and 2009, 42 million (or 41%) is due to an aging
population. With a 26% longer life expectancy but a 3% increase in retirement age (since Social
Security was created in 1935), deficits from Social Security could add $11.6 trillion (or 140%) to the
public debt by 2037E, per Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
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USA Inc. | Summary 440
…Drilldown on USA Inc. Financials
� If entitlement programs are not reformed, USA Inc.’s balance sheet will go from bad to
worse
� Public debt has doubled over the last 30 years, to 62% of GDP. This ratio is expected to surpass the
90% threshold* – above which real GDP growth could slow considerably – in 10 years and could near
150% of GDP in 20 years if entitlement expenses continue to soar, per CBO.
� As government healthcare spending expands, USA Inc.’s red ink will get much worse if healthcare costs
continue growing 2 percentage points faster than per capita income (as they have for 40 years).
� The turning point: Within 15 years (by 2025), entitlements plus net interest expenses
will absorb all – yes, all – of USA Inc.’s annual revenue, per CBO
� That would require USA Inc. to borrow funds for defense, education, infrastructure, and R&D spending,
which today account for 32% of USA Inc. spending (excluding one-time items), down dramatically from
69% forty years ago.
� It’s notable that CBO’s projection from 10 years ago (in 1999) showed Federal revenue sufficient to
support entitlement spending + interest payments until 2060E – 35 years later than current projection.
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Note: *Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff observed from 3,700 historical annual data points from 44 countries that the
relationship between government debt and real GDP growth is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP.
Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more. We note that while
Reinhart and Rogoff’s observations are based on ‘gross debt’ data, in the U.S., debt held by the public is closer to the European
countries’ definition of government gross debt. For more information, see Reinhart and Rogoff, “Growth in a Time of Debt,” 1/10.
USA Inc. | Summary
441
How Might One Think About Turning Around USA Inc.?...
� Key focus areas would likely be reducing USA Inc.’s budget deficit and improving /
restructuring the ‘business model’…
� One would likely drill down on USA Inc.’s key revenue and expense drivers, then develop a
basic analytical framework for ‘normal’ revenue / expenses, then compare options.
�
�
Looking at history…
Annual growth in revenue of 3% has been roughly in line with GDP for 40 years* while
corporate income taxes grew at 2%. Social insurance taxes (for Social Security / Medicare)
grew 5% annually and now represent 37% of USA Inc. revenue, compared with 19% in 1965.
Annual growth in expenses of 3% has been roughly in line with revenue, but entitlements are
up 5% per annum - and now absorb 51% of all USA Inc.’s expense - more than twice their
share in 1965; defense and other discretionary spending growth has been just 1-2%.
�
One might ask…
Should expense and revenue levels be re-thought and re-set so USA Inc. operates near
break-even and expense growth (with needed puts and takes) matches GDP growth, thus
adopting a ‘don’t spend more than you earn’ approach to managing USA Inc.’s financials?
Note: *We chose a 40-year period from 1965 to 2005 to examine ‘normal’ levels of revenue and expenses. We did not choose the most recent
40-year period (1969 to 2009) as USA was in deep recession in 2008 / 2009 and underwent significant tax policy fluctuations in 1968 /1969, so
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many metrics (like individual income and corporate profit) varied significantly from ‘normal’ levels.
USA Inc. | Summary 442
…How Might One Think About Turning Around USA Inc.?
One might consider…
�
�
�
Options for reducing expenses by focusing on entitlement reform and operating efficiency
�
�
Formula changes could help Social Security’s underfunding, but look too draconian for Medicare/Medicaid;
the underlying healthcare cost dilemma requires business process restructuring and realigned incentives.
Resuming the 20-year trend line for lower Federal civilian employment, plus more flexible compensation
systems and selective local outsourcing, could help streamline USA Inc.’s operations.
Options for increasing revenue by focusing on driving long-term GDP growth and changing tax
policies
� USA Inc. should examine ways to invest in growth that provides a high return (ROI) via new investment in
technology, education, and infrastructure and could stimulate productivity gains and employment growth.
�
Reducing tax subsidies (like exemptions on mortgage interest payments or healthcare benefits) and
changing the tax system in other ways could increase USA Inc.’s revenue without raising income taxes to
punitive – and self-defeating – levels. Such tax policy changes could help re-balance USA’s economy
between consumption and savings and re-orient business lines towards investment-led growth, though
there are potential risks and drawbacks.
History suggests the long-term consequences of inaction could be severe
�
USA Inc. has many assets, but it must start addressing its spending/debt challenges now.
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USA Inc. | Summary
443
Sizing Costs Related to USA Inc.’s Key Financial Challenges
& Potential AND / OR Solutions
� To create frameworks for discussion, the next slide summarizes USA Inc.’s various
financial challenges and the projected future cost of each main expense driver.
� The estimated future cost is calculated as the net present value of expected
‘dedicated’ future income (such as payroll taxes) minus expected future expenses
(such as benefits paid) over the next 75 years.
� Then we ask the question: ‘What can we do to solve these financial challenges?’
�
The potential solutions include a range of simple mathematical illustrations (such as
changing program characteristics or increasing tax rates) and/or program-specific
policy solutions proposed or considered by lawmakers and agencies like the CBO
(such as indexing Social Security initial benefits to growth in cost of living).
� These mathematical illustrations are only a mechanical answer to key financial
challenges and not realistic solutions. In reality, a combination of detailed policy
changes will likely be required to bridge the future funding gap.
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USA Inc. | Summary 444
Overview of USA Inc.’s Key Financial Challenges
& Potential and/or Solutions
Rank
Financial
Challenge
Net Present Cost 1
($T / % of 2010 GDP)
1 Medicaid $35 Trillion 3 / 239%
2 Medicare $23 Trillion / 156%
3
4
Social
Security
Slow GDP /
USA
Revenue
Growth
$8 Trillion / 54%
--
Mathematical Illustrations
and/or Potential Policy Solutions 2
• Isolate and address the drivers of medical cost inflation
• Improve efficiency / productivity of healthcare system
• Reduce coverage for optional benefits & optional enrollees
• Reduce benefits
• Increase Medicare tax rate
• Isolate and address the drivers of medical cost inflation
• Improve efficiency / productivity of healthcare system
• Raise retirement age
• Reduce benefits
• Increase Social Security tax rate
• Reduce future initial benefits by indexing to cost of living growth rather
than wage growth
• Subject benefits to means test to determine eligibility
• Invest in technology / infrastructure / education
• Remove tax & regulatory uncertainties to stimulate employment growth
• Reduce subsidies and tax expenditures & broaden tax base
5
Government
Inefficiencies
--
• Resume the 20-year trend line for lower Federal civilian employment
• Implement more flexible compensation systems
• Consolidate / selectively local outsource certain functions
Note: 1) Net Present Cost is calculated as the present value of expected future net liabilities (expected revenue minus expected costs) for each program / issue over the
next 75 years, Medicare estimate per Dept. of Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the U.S. Government,” Social Security estimate per Social Security Trustees’ Report
(8/10). 2) For more details on potential solutions, see slides 252-410 or full USA Inc. presentation. 3) Medicaid does not have dedicated revenue source and its $35T net
present cost excludes funding from general tax revenue, NPV analysis based on 3% discount rate applied to CBO’s projection for annual inflation-adjusted expenses.
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USA Inc. | Summary 445
The Essence of America’s Financial Conundrum
& Math Problem?
While a hefty 80% of Americans indicate balancing the budget should
be one of the country’s top priorities, per a Peter G. Peterson
Foundation survey in 11/09…
…only 12% of Americans support cutting spending on Medicare or
Social Security, per a Pew Research Center survey, 2/11.
Some might call this ‘having your cake and eating it too…’
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USA Inc. | Summary 446
The Challenge Before Us
Policymakers, businesses and citizens need to share responsibility for
past failures and develop a plan for future successes.
Past generations of Americans have responded to major challenges
with collective sacrifice and hard work.
Will ours also rise to the occasion?
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USA Inc. | Summary
447
Current Observations About America…
• On many fronts, USA Inc. is in great shape, but it has one big problem –
USA Inc. spends too much and, in effect, is maxing out its credit card. USA
Inc. must address the problem.
• In 2009, 64% of America’s revenue went to Social Security, Medicare &
Medicaid, compared with 31% in 1980 and 20% in 1970.
• Using current projections, 100% of America’s revenue in 2025 will go to Social
Security, Medicare, Medicaid and Net Interest Expense.
• This raises the question, ‘How will America pay for the likes of education,
national defense, homeland security, infrastructure improvement, R&D, law
enforcement, postal service, etc.?’
• USA Inc.’s fundamental tradeoff is that it must balance its FUTURE
(education) with its PRESENT (national defense & homeland security) and
its PAST (Social Security & Medicare & Medicaid).
Source: 2009 data per White House OMB, 2025 forecast per CBO’s Alternative Fiscal Scenario.
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USA Inc. | Summary 448
…Current Observations About America
• It’s Time to Rise to the Occasion, It’s America’s
Tradition…
• The essence of the ‘American dream’ is about the
underdog succeeding / the turnaround story…every
generation or so has an opportunity to rise to an occasion
(and sacrifice) and show why America (and its democratic
form of government) are great. For this generation, the
biggest challenge may be staving off financial hardship.
• Collective Sacrifice and Hard Work are the Two Inter-
Related Ways out of USA Inc.’s Problems…
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449
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451
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USA Inc. | Summary 452
Appendix
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USA Inc. | Appendix
453
Appendix
Additional Datapoints on Federal Debt
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USA Inc. | Appendix 454
Federal Debt Held by the Public vs. Gross Debt
� Federal Debt Held by the Public ($9 Trillion Outstanding, 62% of GDP in 2010)
�
�
�
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Value of all federal securities sold to the public that are still outstanding.
Represents the cumulative effect of past federal borrowing on today’s economy and on the
current federal budget.
Net interest payments represent a burden on current taxpayers.
� Gross Debt ($14 Trillion Outstanding, 94% of GDP in 2010)
�
�
Public debt + intragovernmental debt (related to entities including the Social Security Trust
Fund and federal employee / veterans’ pension fund) + net liability of GSEs (related to likes
of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac).
Represents a claim on both current and future resources.
� We Focus on Public Debt Levels
�
�
�
Public debt is the base for calculating net interest payments.
Gross debt level could be misleading (to take an extreme example, simply eliminating all
trust funds without changing promised benefits for the associated programs would
dramatically reduce gross debt from 94% of GDP to 62% of GDP without improving longterm
fiscal outlook at all*).
In the future, when intragovernmental debt + net liability of GSEs begin demanding
repayments, it is likely financed via material increases in public debt levels.
Note: *for more details, see James R. Horney, “Recommendation That President’s Fiscal Commission Focus on Gross Debt is
Misguided,” 5/27/10. Data source: White House OMB, CBO.
USA Inc. | Appendix 455
Public Debt = Gross Debt – Intra-Governmental Holdings –
Net Liabilities of Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs)
Other
Intragovernmental
Holdings
Social Security
Trust Fund
1960
Real Gross Debt
Outstanding =
$2.0 Trillion
6%
9%
Public Debt
$1.7T
Debt Held By
the Public
85%
Other
Intragovernmental
Holdings
Social Security
Trust Fund
Net Liabilities
of GSEs*
20%
2010
Real Gross Debt
Outstanding =
$13.5 Trillion
16%
2%
Debt Held By
the Public
62%
Public Debt
$9.0T
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Note: Data are inflation adjusted.* Net liabilities of GSEs assumes 50% loss ratio on $250B delinquent loans held by Fannie
Mae / Freddie Mac. Data source: Dept. of Treasury, White House Office of Management and Budget.
USA Inc. | Appendix 456
Gross Debt Level =
Approaching 100% of GDP
120%
USA Gross Federal Debt as % of GDP, 1940 – 2010
100%
Gross Debt As % of GDP
80%
60%
40%
Debt Held By
the Public
2010 Gross Federal Debt = 94% of GDP
20%
Intragovernment
Debt
0%
Net GSE Liabilities
1940 1946 1952 1958 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006
Source: White House OMB.
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USA Inc. | Appendix
457
Gross Debt Level =
Would Exceed Current Statutory Limit of $1.43T* Within One Year
16,000
USA Gross Federal Debt vs. Statutory Debt Ceiling, 1990 – 2011E
14,000
USA Inc. Gross Debt
Statutory Debt Limit
12,000
Gross Debt ($B)
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010E
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Note: * As of 1/11. Source: White House OMB.
USA Inc. | Appendix 458
‘Top 75’ Countries Ranked by Net Debt as % of GDP…
Rank
Country
www.kpcb.com
2009 Net Debt
Outstanding ($B)
Y/Y
As % of Net Debt as % of GDP As % of 2009 Budget As % of 2009
World
05-09 2009 GDP World Surplus / World Gross Unemployment
Total 2009 2005 Change ($B) Y/Y Total Deficit ($B) Deficit
Rate
1 Zimbabwe $7 13% 0% 190% -- -- $4 4% 0% -$1 0% -- --
2 Japan 9,149 12 26 181 162 19 5,049 -5 9 -960 33 5% +1
3 Italy 2,434 0 7 116 106 11 2,090 -5 4 -0 -- 8 +1
4 Singapore 186 3 1 114 99 15 163 -2 0 -5 0 3 +1
5 Greece 374 8 1 111 99 12 338 -2 1 -27 1 9 +2
6 Egypt 198 16 1 105 -- -- 188 5 0 -27 1 -- --
7 Belgium 454 0 1 98 92 6 461 -3 1 -1 0 8 +1
8 Sudan 53 -6 0 97 -- -- 54 5 0 4 -- -- --
9 Hungary 104 -8 0 84 62 22 124 -6 0 9 -- -- --
10 Cote d'Ivoire 19 -3 0 81 -- -- 23 -- 0 0 -- -- --
11 France 2,028 5 6 77 66 11 2,635 -2 5 -105 4 9 +2
12 Portugal 167 3 0 76 63 13 220 -3 0 -6 0 9 +2
13 Germany 2,423 1 7 75 68 7 3,235 -5 6 -16 1 7 0
14 Austria 263 2 1 70 64 6 374 -4 1 -5 0 5 +1
15 India 854 -3 2 69 80 -12 1,243 6 2 31 -- -- --
16 Uruguay 21 -2 0 67 67 0 32 3 0 0 -- -- --
17 UK 1,444 3 4 66 42 24 2,198 -5 4 -49 2 7 +2
18 Canada 870 -5 3 66 70 -4 1,319 -3 2 44 -- 8 +2
19 Netherlands 503 -1 1 64 52 12 790 -4 1 4 -- 4 +1
20 Morocco 58 2 0 64 -- -- 91 5 0 -1 0 -- --
21 Ireland 140 19 0 62 27 34 227 -7 0 -23 1 12 +6
22 Albania 7 -3 0 60 57 3 12 3 0 0 -- -- --
23 Argentina 178 -7 1 59 59 0 301 1 1 14 -- -- --
24 Philippines 93 -2 0 59 71 -13 159 1 0 2 -- -- --
25 USA 7,811 23 23 55 37 17 14,266 -2 25 -1,438 50 9 +3
Top 1-25 $29,836 1% 86% 75% 67% 8% $35,595 -2% 61% $2,662 92% 8% 1
Global 34,632 8 100 68 66 2 57,937 -2 100 2,886 100 7 2
Source: IMF, Business Intelligence Monitor .
USA Inc. | Appendix
Y/Y
(pps)
459
…‘Top 75’ Countries Ranked by Net Debt as % of GDP…
Rank
Country
2009 Net Debt
Outstanding ($B)
Y/Y
As % of Net Debt as % of GDP As % of 2009 Budget As % of 2009
World
05-09 2009 GDP World Surplus / World Gross Unemployment
Total 2009 2005 Change ($B) Y/Y Total Deficit ($B) Deficit
Rate
26 Tunisia $22 -3% 0% 55% 55 0 $40 3% 0% 1 0 -- --
27 Ethiopia 18 29 0 55 -- -- 34 10 0 -4 0 -- --
28 Colombia 123 -5 0 54 54 0 229 0 0 7 -- -- --
29 Cyprus 12 2 0 54 68 -14 23 -2 0 -0 -- 5 +2
30 Poland 223 -11 1 53 47 6 423 2 1 26 -- -- --
31 Spain 757 20 2 53 43 10 1,438 -4 2 -125 4 18 +7
32 Kenya 15 2 0 51 -- -- 30 2 0 -0 0 -- --
33 Norway 187 -17 1 51 45 6 369 -2 1 38 -- 3 +1
34 Ghana 7 -11 0 48 -- -- 15 4 0 1 -- -- --
35 Bolivia 8 6 0 46 46 0 18 3 0 -0 -- -- --
36 Sweden 175 -5 1 44 51 -7 398 -4 1 9 -- 8 +2
37 Brazil 650 -6 2 44 44 0 1,482 0 3 40 -- -- --
38 Switzerland 212 5 1 44 53 -9 484 -1 1 -10 0 4 +1
39 Latvia 10 56 0 43 12 30 24 -18 0 -4 0 -- --
40 Malawi 2 15 0 42 -- -- 5 8 0 -0 0 -- --
41 Malaysia 84 0 0 41 44 -3 207 -2 0 0 -- -- --
42 Denmark 125 7 0 40 38 3 308 -5 1 -8 0 3 +2
43 Gabon 4 -25 0 38 -- -- 11 -1 0 1 -- -- --
44 Finland 91 -2 0 37 42 -4 242 -8 0 2 -- 8 +2
45 Turkey 219 -14 1 37 52 -15 594 -5 1 36 -- -- --
46 Czech Republic 68 6 0 36 30 6 190 -4 0 -4 0 7 +2
47 Slovenia 17 43 0 35 27 8 50 -7 0 -5 0 6 +2
48 Slovakia 30 10 0 34 44 -10 88 -5 0 -3 0 -- --
49 Croatia 21 -5 0 34 38 -5 62 -6 0 1 -- -- --
50 Australia 309 -3 1 34 36 -3 920 1 2 8 -- 6 +1
Top 26-50 $3,392 0% 10% 44% 44% 0% $7,682 -2% 13% $164 6% 6% 2
Global 34,632 8 100 68 66 2 57,937 -2 100 2,886 100 7 2
Y/Y
(pps)
www.kpcb.com
Source: IMF, Business Intelligence Monitor.
USA Inc. | Appendix 460
…‘Top 75’ Countries Ranked by Net Debt as % of GDP
Rank
Country
2009 Net Debt
Outstanding ($B)
Y/Y
As % of Net Debt as % of GDP As % of 2009 Budget As % of 2009
World
05-09 2009 GDP World Surplus / World Gross Unemployment
Total 2009 2005 Change ($B) Y/Y Total Deficit ($B) Deficit
Rate
51 Zambia $4 -16% 0% 32% 32 -- $12 6% 0% 1 -- -- --
52 Macedonia 3 1 0 31 47 -16 9 -- 0 -0 0 -- --
53 Ecuador 17 2 0 30 30 0 56 0 0 -0 0 -- --
54 Lithuania 11 45 0 30 18 11 36 -15 0 -3 0 -- --
55 Peru 37 0 0 29 29 0 127 1 0 0 -- -- --
56 South Africa 78 0 0 28 -- -- 277 -2 0 -0 0 -- --
57 Paraguay 4 -15 0 27 27 0 14 -5 0 1 -- -- --
58 Venezuela 95 11 0 27 27 0 353 -3 1 -9 0 -- --
59 New Zealand 29 -10 0 26 27 -1 110 -2 0 3 -- 6 +2
60 Thailand 64 1 0 24 26 -2 266 -2 0 -0 0 -- --
61 Namibia 2 2 0 24 -- -- 9 -1 0 -0 -- -- --
62 Tanzania 5 7 0 24 -- -- 22 5 0 -0 0 -- --
63 Senegal 3 -6 0 23 -- -- 13 2 0 0 -- -- --
64 Mozambique 2 -2 0 22 -- -- 10 6 0 0 -- -- --
65 Romania 35 29 0 22 16 6 161 -7 0 -8 0 -- --
66 Uganda 3 8 0 21 -- -- 16 7 0 -0 0 -- --
67 Bulgaria 7 -4 0 15 29 -14 45 -5 0 0 -- -- --
68 Nigeria 24 -20 0 15 -- -- 165 6 0 6 -- -- --
69 Angola 10 -18 0 15 -- -- 70 0 0 2 -- -- --
70 Cameroon 3 -8 0 14 -- -- 22 2 0 0 -- -- --
71 China 609 7 2 13 18 -5 4,758 9 8 -38 1 -- --
72 Kazakhstan 11 3 0 11 -- -- 107 1 0 -0 0 -- --
73 Algeria 13 -16 0 10 -- -- 135 2 0 2 -- -- --
74 Russia 92 -15 0 7 14 -7 1,255 -8 2 17 -- -- --
75 Estonia 1 15 0 7 5 2 18 -14 0 -0 0 -- --
Top 51-75 $1,163 0% 3% 23% 27% -4% $8,064 0% 14% $60 2% 6% 2
Global 34,632 8 100 68 66 2 57,937 -2 100 2,886 100 7 2
Y/Y
(pps)
www.kpcb.com
Note: China’s net debt may be under-reported as it excludes potential liabilities from bad loans of state-owned banks.
Source: IMF, Business Intelligence Monitor.
USA Inc. | Appendix
461
OECD Countries Ranked by Gross Debt as % of GDP
Rank
Country
2009 Gross Debt
Outstanding ($B)
Y/Y
Gross Debt as % of GDP
As % of
OECD Total 2009 2005
05-09
Change
2009 GDP
($B)
Note: Data for Slovenia and Estonia not available. Data may differ from Eurostat / national government figures. Gross debt data are not always comparable across
countries due to different definitions or treatment of debt components. Notably, USA and Australia gross debt include the funded portion of government employee
pension liabilities, which overstates their debt levels relative to other countries. Source: OECD.
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USA Inc. | Appendix 462
Y/Y
As % of
OECD Total
1 Japan $974 14% 27% 193% 175% 18% $5,049 -5% 13%
2 Italy 269 1 7 129 120 9 2,090 -5 5
3 Iceland 1 -8 0 123 53 70 12 -28 0
4 Greece 40 8 1 119 114 5 338 -2 1
5 Belgium 47 -1 1 101 96 5 461 -3 1
6 Portugal 19 4 1 87 74 13 220 -3 1
7 France 227 5 6 86 76 11 2,635 -2 7
8 Hungary 10 -13 0 84 69 16 124 -6 0
9 USA 1,184 17 32 83 61 22 14,266 -2 36
10 Canada 109 4 3 82 72 11 1,319 -3 3
11 Germany 247 -2 7 76 71 5 3,235 -5 8
12 UK 159 4 4 72 46 26 2,198 -5 6
13 Austria 26 -4 1 70 71 -1 374 -4 1
14 Ireland 16 23 0 70 33 38 227 -7 1
15 Netherlands 54 -6 1 69 61 7 790 -4 2
16 Spain 90 18 2 63 51 12 1,438 -4 4
17 Poland 25 -14 1 58 55 4 423 2 1
18 Finland 13 15 0 53 48 4 242 -8 1
19 Denmark 16 11 0 52 46 6 308 -5 1
20 Sweden 21 -8 1 52 60 -8 398 -4 1
21 Norway 18 -28 0 49 49 0 369 -2 1
22 Czech Republic 8 2 0 42 34 8 190 -4 0
23 Switzerland 20 -5 1 42 56 -15 484 -1 1
24 Slovakia 3 17 0 39 38 1 88 -5 0
25 New Zealand 4 3 0 35 27 8 110 -2 0
26 Korea 29 -3 1 35 27 8 833 -11 2
27 Australia 18 28 0 19 16 3 920 1 2
28 Luxembourg 1 -5 0 18 8 11 52 -11 0
OECD Total $3,648 9% 100% 90% 76% 14% $39,261 -4% 100%
Total Government + Private Debt in USA –
At Historic High of 360% of GDP
USA Total Credit Market Debt Outstanding as % of GDP, 1929 – 2009
350%
300%
U.S. Credit Market Debt / GDP (%)
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
Government
Corporates
GSE
Financials
Households
0%
1929 1934 1939 1944 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009
Households Corporates Financials GSE Government
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Source: Dept. of Treasury, Federal Reserve.
USA Inc. | Appendix
463
Appendix
Useful Links
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USA Inc. | Appendix 464
Appendix – Useful Links
� Congressional Budget Office, “The Long-Term Budget Outlook,” 6/2010
http://cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=11579
� Congressional Budget Office, “Budget and Economic Outlook, Fiscal Years 2011 Through 2021,” 1/2011
http://cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=12039
�
Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, “The 2010 Annual
Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical
Insurance Trust Funds,” 8/5/2010 https://www.cms.gov/ReportsTrustFunds/downloads/tr2010.pdf
� Department of the Treasury, “2010 Financial Report of the United States Government,” 12/2010
http://www.fms.treas.gov/fr/10frusg/10frusg.pdf
�
�
�
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, “The Moment of Truth: Report of the National
Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform,” 12/1/2010
http://www.fiscalcommission.gov/sites/fiscalcommission.gov/files/documents/TheMomentofTruth12_1_20
10.pdf
Social Security Administration, “The 2010 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age
and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds,” 8/9/2010
http://www.ssa.gov/oact/tr/2010/tr2010.pdf
White House Office of Management and Budget, “Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year
2012,” 2/2011 http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Overview/
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USA Inc. | Appendix
465
Disclaimer
This report has been compiled by Mary Meeker and her co-contributors (collectively referred to below as
the “Contributors”) for informational purposes only. It is not intended to serve as the basis for investment,
legal, political, tax or any other advice. Furthermore, this report is not to be construed as a solicitation or an
offer to buy or sell securities in any entity, including any entity that is associated with the Contributors.
The information contained in this report has been compiled from public sources that the Contributors
believe to be reliable. While the Contributors find no reason to believe that the data relied upon and
presented in this report are factually incorrect, they have made no separate investigation or otherwise
independently verified the accuracy of such data. As such, the Contributors cannot guarantee the accuracy
of any of the data (raw or interpreted) and accordingly the Contributors make no warranties (express,
implied or statutory) as to the information in this report.
This report summarizes a significant amount of publicly available data, and is not intended to be allinclusive.
The Contributors have complied this report based on selected sources that they believe to be
most pertinent to the presented subject matter. Furthermore, the graphic illustrations are based on
generalized calculations and are provided for illustrative purposes. Readers are encouraged to conduct
their own analysis of the data underlying this report, as well as data from other sources, so as to come to
their own conclusions.
The information presented in this report represents the view of the Contributors, and does not necessarily
reflect the views of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers or any of its associated management personnel,
investment vehicles, investors, portfolio companies or any affiliates or associates of the foregoing.
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Glossary
Accountable Care Organization (ACO) -
A health system model with the ability to
provide, and manage with patients, the
continuum of care across different
institutional settings, including at least
ambulatory (outpatient) and inpatient
hospital care and possibly post acute care.
ACOs have the capability of planning
budgets and resources and are of sufficient
size to support comprehensive, valid, and
reliable performance measurement. The
ACO model is one of the latest designs for
managing healthcare costs and especially
Medicare costs, and is gaining traction
among policymakers desperate to control
costs and boost quality in healthcare.
Accrual accounting - A system of
accounting in which revenues are recorded
when they are earned and outlays are
recorded when goods are received or
services are performed, even though the
actual receipt of revenues and payment for
goods or services may occur, in whole or in
part, at a different time. Compare with cash
accounting.
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) - All income
that is subject to taxation under the
individual income tax after ""above-the-line""
deductions for such things as alimony
payments and certain contributions to
individual retirement accounts. Personal
exemptions and the standard or itemized
deductions are subtracted from AGI to
determine taxable income
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) - A tax
intended to limit the extent to which higherincome
people can reduce their tax liability
(the amount they owe) through the use of
preferences in the tax code. Taxpayers
subject to the AMT are required to
recalculate their tax liability on the basis of a
more limited set of exemptions, deductions,
and tax credits than would normally apply.
The amount by which a taxpayer’s AMT
calculation exceeds his or her regular tax
calculation is that person’s AMT liability.
American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act of 2009 (ARRA) - This act provided
appropriations for several federal programs
and increased or extended some benefits
payable under Medicaid, unemployment
compensation, and nutrition assistance,
among others. ARRA also reduced
individual and corporate income taxes and
made other changes to tax laws.
Asset-Backed Security - Security backed
by real estate or another type of asset; a
claim on an income flow, such as expected
interest payments on loans, payments on
leases, royalty payments, or receivables; a
claim on the principal of a loan; or a claim on
the expected appreciation of an asset.
Automatic Stabilizers - Taxes that
decrease and expenditures that increase
when the economy goes into a recession
(and vice-versa when the economy booms)
without requiring any action on the part of
the government. Stabilizers tend to reduce
the depth of recessions and dampen booms.
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xix
Bundled Payment (Healthcare) - Also
known as episode-based payment, defined
as the reimbursement of health care
providers (such as hospitals and physicians)
on the basis of expected costs for clinicallydefined
episodes of care. It has been
described as ""a middle ground"" between
fee-for-service reimbursement (in which
providers are paid for each service rendered
to a patient) and capitation (in which
providers are paid a ""lump sum"" per patient
regardless of how many services the patient
receives).
Business Cycle - Fluctuations in overall
business activity accompanied by swings in
the unemployment rate, interest rates, and
corporate profits. Over a business cycle, real
(inflation-adjusted) activity rises to a peak
(its highest level during the cycle) and then
falls until it reaches a trough (its lowest level
following the peak), whereupon it starts to
rise again, defining a new cycle. Business
cycles are irregular, varying in frequency,
magnitude, and duration. (NBER) See real
and unemployment rate.
Cash Accounting - A system of accounting
in which revenues are recorded when they
are actually received and outlays are
recorded when payment is made. Compare
with accrual accounting.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services (CMS) – US federal agency which
administers Medicare, Medicaid, and the
Children's Health Insurance Program.
Copayment – A flat amount paid out of
pocket per medical service, e.g., $5 per
office visit.
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) – A
non-partisan federal agency within the
legislative branch of the U.S. government,
charged with reviewing congressional
budgets and other legislative initiatives with
budgetary implications.
Conservatorship - The legal process by
which an external entity (in the case of
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the federal
government) establishes control and
oversight of a company to put it in a sound
and solvent condition.
Consumption - In principle, the value of
goods and services purchased and used up
during a given period by households and
governments. In practice, the Bureau of
Economic Analysis counts purchases of
many long-lasting goods (such as cars and
clothes) as consumption even though the
goods are not used up. Consumption by
households alone is also called consumer
spending. See national income and product
accounts.
Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA) - An
annual increase in Social Security and other
entitlement payments to reflect price
inflation.
Current-Account Balance - A summary
measure of a country’s current transactions
with the rest of the world, including net
exports, net unilateral transfers, and net
factor income (primarily the capital income
from foreign property received by residents
of a country offset by the capital income from
property in that country flowing to residents
of foreign countries).
Cyclical Deficit or Surplus - The part of the
federal budget deficit or surplus that results
from the business cycle. The cyclical
component reflects the way in which the
deficit or surplus automatically increases or
decreases during economic expansions or
recessions.
Cyclically Adjusted Budget Deficit or
Surplus - The federal budget deficit or
surplus that would occur under current law if
the influence of the business cycle was
removed—that is, if the economy operated
at potential gross domestic product.
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Debt - In the case of the federal
government, the total value of outstanding
bills, notes, bonds, and other debt
instruments issued by the Treasury and
other federal agencies. That debt is referred
to as federal debt or gross debt. It has two
components - debt held by the public (
federal debt held by nonfederal investors,
including the Federal Reserve System) and
debt held by government accounts (federal
debt held by federal government trust funds,
deposit insurance funds, and other federal
accounts). Debt subject to limit is federal
debt that is subject to a statutory limit on the
total amount issued. The limit applies to
gross federal debt except for a small portion
of the debt issued by the Treasury and the
small amount of debt issued by other federal
agencies (primarily the Tennessee Valley
Authority and the Postal Service).
Deductible (Medical Insurance) - A fixed
amount, usually expressed in dollars in the
form of an annual fee, that the beneficiary of
a health insurance plan must pay directly to
the health care provider before a health
insurance plan begins to pay for any costs
associated with the insured medical service.
Deficit - The amount by which the federal
government’s total outlays exceed its total
revenues in a given period, typically a fiscal
year. The primary deficit is that total deficit
excluding net interest.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan – Retirees
receive predetermined monthly retirement
benefits from employers despite the funding
status / investment returns of their pension
funds.
Defined Contribution Pension Plan –
Retirees contribute specified amount to their
pension funds and receive variable monthly
retirement benefits depending on investment
returns. Examples include Individual
Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and 401(k)
plans.
Disposable Personal Income - Personal
income—the income that people receive,
including transfer payments—minus the
taxes and fees that people pay to
governments.
Economic Stimulus - Federal fiscal or
monetary policies aimed at promoting
economic activity, used primarily during
recessions. Such policies include reductions
in taxes, increases in federal spending,
reductions in interest rates, and other
support for financial markets and institutions.
Entitlement - A legal obligation of the
federal government to make payments to a
person, group of people, business, unit of
government, or similar entity that meets the
eligibility criteria set in law and for which the
budget authority is not provided in advance
in an appropriation act. Spending for
entitlement programs is controlled through
those programs’ eligibility criteria and benefit
or payment rules. The best-known
entitlements are the government’s major
benefit programs, such as Social Security
and Medicare.
Excise Tax - A tax levied on the purchase of
a specific type of good or service, such as
tobacco products or air transportation
services.
Federal Poverty Level (FPL) - Income
amounts set each February by the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services
used to determine an individual's or family's
eligibility for various public programs,
including Medicaid and the State Children's
Health Insurance Program.
Federal Reserve System - The central
bank of the United States. The Federal
Reserve is responsible for setting the
nation’s monetary policy and overseeing
credit conditions. See central bank and
monetary policy.
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xxi
Fiscal Policy - The government’s tax and
spending policies, which influence the
amount and maturity of government debt as
well as the level, composition, and
distribution of national output and income.
See debt.
Fiscal Year - A yearly accounting period.
The federal government’s fiscal year begins
October 1 and ends September 30. Fiscal
years are designated by the calendar years
in which they end—for example, fiscal year
2011 will begin on October 1, 2010, and end
on September 30, 2011.
GDP price index - A summary measure of
the prices of all goods and services that
make up gross domestic product. The
change in the GDP price index is used as a
measure of inflation in the overall economy.
General Fund - One category of federal
funds in the government’s accounting
structure. The general fund records all
revenues and offsetting receipts not
earmarked by law for a specific purpose and
all spending financed by those revenues and
receipts.
Government-Sponsored Enterprise (GSE)
- A financial institution created by federal
law, generally though a federal charter, to
carry out activities such as increasing credit
availability for borrowers, reducing borrowing
costs, or enhancing liquidity in particular
sectors of the economy, notably agriculture
and housing. Two housing GSEs (Fannie
Mae and Freddie Mac) were taken into
federal conservatorship in 2008.
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) - A
managed care plan that combines the
function of insurer and provider to give
members comprehensive health care from a
network of affiliated providers. Enrollees
typically pay limited copayments and are
usually required to select a primary care
physician through whom all care must be
coordinated. HMOs generally will not
reimburse all costs for services obtained
from a non-network provider or without a
primary care physician's referral. HMOs
often emphasize prevention and careful
assessment of medical necessity.
Independent Payment Advisory Board
(IPAB) - A 15-member Independent
Payment Advisory Board created under
PPACA with significant authority with
respect to Medicare payment rates.
Beginning in 2014, in any year in which the
Medicare per capita growth rate exceeded a
target growth rate, the IPAB would be
required to recommend Medicare spending
reductions. The recommendations would
become law unless Congress passed an
alternative proposal that achieved the same
level of budgetary savings. Subject to some
limitations—hospitals, for example, would be
exempt until 2020—the IPAB could
recommend spending reductions affecting
Medicare providers and suppliers, as well as
Medicare Advantage and Prescription Drug
Plans.
Labor Force - The number of people age 16
or older in the civilian non-institutional
population who have jobs or who are
available for work and are actively seeking
jobs. (The civilian non-institutional
population excludes members of the armed
forces on active duty and people in penal or
mental institutions or in homes for the elderly
or infirm.) The labor force participation rate
is the labor force as a percentage of the
civilian non-institutional population age 16 or
older.
Marginal Tax Rate - The tax rate that would
apply to an additional dollar of a taxpayer’s
income. Compare with effective tax rate and
statutory tax rate.
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Medicaid - Public health insurance program
that provides coverage for low-income
persons for acute and long-term care. It is
financed jointly by state and federal funds
(the federal government pays at least 50
percent of the total cost in each state) and is
administered by states within broad federal
guidelines.
Medicare - Federal health insurance
program for virtually all persons age 65 and
older, and permanently disabled persons
under age 65, who qualify by receiving
Social Security Disability Insurance.
Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBSs) -
Securities issued by financial institutions to
investors with the payments of interest and
principal backed by the payments on a
package of mortgages. MBSs are structured
by their sponsors to create multiple classes
of claims, or tranches, of different seniority,
based on the cash flows from the underlying
mortgages. Investors holding securities in
the safest, or most senior, tranche stand first
in line to receive payments from borrowers
and require the lowest contractual interest
rate of all the tranches. Investors holding the
least senior securities stand last in line to
receive payments, after all more senior
claims have been paid. Hence, they are first
in line to absorb losses on the underlying
mortgages. In return for assuming that risk,
holders of the least senior tranche require
the highest contractual interest rate of all the
tranches.
National Commission on Fiscal
Responsibility and Reform - A bipartisan
commission created by President Obama to
address the nation's fiscal challenges. The
Commission is charged with identifying
policies to improve the fiscal situation in the
medium term and to achieve fiscal
sustainability over the long run. Specifically,
the Commission shall propose
recommendations designed to balance the
budget, excluding interest payments on the
debt, by 2015. In addition, the Commission
shall propose recommendations that
meaningfully improve the long-run fiscal
outlook, including changes to address the
growth of entitlement spending and the gap
between the projected revenues and
expenditures of the Federal Government.
Net Interest - In the federal budget, net
interest comprises the government’s interest
payments on debt held by the public (as
recorded in budget function 900), offset by
interest income that the government
receives on loans and cash balances and by
earnings of the National Railroad Retirement
Investment Trust. See budget function and
debt.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
– White House office responsible for
devising and submitting the president’s
annual budget proposal to Congress.
Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) – An
international organization of 31 developed
and emerging countries (see list on slide
354) with a shared commitment to
democracy and the market economy.
Other Post-Employment Benefits (OPEB)
– An accounting concept created by the
Governmental Accounting Standards Board
(GASB) by pronouncements designed to
address expenses that entities may or may
not be legally bound to pay, but pay as a
moral obligation (such as retirees’
healthcare costs).
Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) - Procedures
established in House and Senate rules that
are intended to ensure that laws that affect
direct spending or revenues are budget
neutral. The Senate and the House have
had such rules in place since 1993 and
2007, respectively.
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USA Inc. xxiii
PEP / Pease (Tax Policy) - PEP is Personal
Exemption Phase-out designed to eliminate
personal income exemptions for high
earners; 3) Pease is a similar phase-out, but
instead of applying to personal exemption, it
applies to most of the itemized deductions of
a taxpayer’s claims (mortgage interest,
charitable gifts, state & local taxes paid,
etc.); Pease is named after Representative
Donald Pease (D-OH) who pushed for its
enactment in 1990.
Present Value - A single number that
expresses a flow of current and future
income (or payments) in terms of an
equivalent lump sum received (or paid)
today. The present value depends on the
rate of interest used (the discount rate). For
example, if $100 is invested on January 1 at
an annual interest rate of 5 percent, it will
grow to $105 by January 1 of the next year.
Hence, at an annual 5 percent interest rate,
the present value of $105 payable a year
from today is $100.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (PPACA) – A federal statute as the
result of the healthcare reform. Signed into
law on 3/23/10, the PPACA aims to expand
Medicaid eligibility, incentivize businesses to
provide health care benefits, prohibit denial
of coverage/claims based on pre-existing
conditions, establish health insurance
exchanges, and support for medical
research. The costs of these provisions are
offset by a variety of taxes, fees, and costsaving
measures, such as new Medicare
taxes for high-income brackets, taxes on
indoor tanning, improved fairness in the
Medicare Advantage program relative to
traditional Medicare, and fees on medical
devices and pharmaceutical companies.
Productivity - Average real output per unit
of input. Labor productivity is average real
output per hour of labor. The growth of labor
productivity is defined as the growth of real
output that is not explained by the growth of
labor input alone. Total factor productivity is
average real output per unit of combined
labor and capital services. The growth of
total factor productivity is defined as the
growth of real output that is not explained by
the growth of labor and capital. Labor
productivity and total factor productivity differ
in that increases in capital per worker raise
labor productivity but not total factor
productivity.
Tax Expenditures - Losses to the U.S.
treasury from granting certain deductions,
exemptions, or credits to specific categories
of taxpayers. Tax breaks are one method
Congress uses to promote certain policy
objectives. For example, deductions for
mortgages encourage home ownership,
while credits for childcare expenses allow
single parents to work. Tax expenditures are
an alternative to direct government spending
on policy programs.
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) -
A program that permits the Secretary of the
Treasury to purchase or insure troubled
financial assets. Authority for the program
was initially set by the Emergency Economic
Stabilization Act of 2008 at $700 billion in
assets outstanding at any one time and
remains in effect until October 3, 2010. The
TARP’s activities have included the
purchase of preferred stock from financial
institutions, support to automakers and
related businesses, a program to avert
housing foreclosures, and partnerships with
the private sector.
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Trust Funds - In the federal accounting
structure, accounts designated by law as
trust funds (regardless of any other meaning
of that term). Trust funds record the
revenues, offsetting receipts, or offsetting
collections earmarked for the purpose of the
fund, as well as budget authority and outlays
of the fund that are financed by those
revenues or receipts. The federal
government has more than 200 trust funds.
The largest and best known finance major
benefit programs (including Social Security
and Medicare) and infrastructure spending
(such as the Highway Trust Fund and the
Airport and Airway Trust Fund).
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USA Inc. xxvi
Index
Accounting, Government, 31
ARRA, 200-203
Balance Sheet, 209-217
Budgeting, Government, 32
Business Lines, 38-43
CBO (Congressional Budget Office)
Entitlement Spending, 77
Forecasts, 11
Healthcare, 313
Long Term Outlook, 174, 175, 270
Policy Options, 262-264, 324-326
Tort Reform Proposals, 313, 314
Cash Flow, 14, 15, 26, 27, 33
Competitiveness, 390-394
Consequences of Inaction, 413-434
Austerity Measures, 426
Credit Rating, 419
Credit / Debt Crisis, 422-430
Deficits / Swap Rate Correlation, 430
Public Debt, Net Worth vs. Peers, 416-417
Short Term / Long Term, 415
Social Unrest, CDS, 429
Costs & Headcount, 345-348
Debt
Composition, 168-172
Crisis, 422-447
Level, 145-160, 247
Defense Spending, 38-41, 63-70
by % GDP, 65, 68
by Country, Rank 67
by Number of Troops, 69, 70
by Type, 64
Deficit 35, 36, 54, 56
Deficit Commission, 256, 265, 326-328, 352,
353, 410, 465
Disability Insurance, 39
Economist vs. Investor Language, 36
Education, 377-382
Employment, 383-388
Entitlement + Interest vs. Revenue, 174, 175
Entitlement
Covered Population, 86
Expanded Eligibility, 87
History, 74, 75
Income per Beneficiary, 89
Income vs Personal Savings, 90
Inflation Indexed, 250
Not Contracts, 251
Programs, 15, 17, 37, 43
Social Security % of income, 92
Spending, 72-82
Spending, ""Unfunded"", 82, 83
Spending Breakdown, 80, 81
Spending Deficit, 75
Spending per Household, 74
Trust Funds, 76, 77
Unfunded, 247
Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac, 182-187, 194-199
Federal Wages & Benefits, 335-337
Financial Challenges, 20, 21, 37, 49
GDP, 44, 356-368, 392, 405, 408
General Motors, 431-434
Growth, Sustainable Economic, 356-368
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USA Inc. xxvii
Headcount, 346-348
Healthcare, 16, 39
Costs 118-120, 279
Indicators, 112, 307
Performance, Life Expectancy, 111
Reform (PPACA), 114-120
Spend, 105-120
Spend vs. OECD countries, 108-112
Spend by funding source, 106
Spend per capita vs. OECD countries, 109
Spend vs. Education, 105
Income Statement, 54, 54-60
India GDP, 44
Infrastructure, 373-376
Interest Rates, 161-167
Medicaid, 16, 95-99, 280-328
Enrollment, Payments Up, 97
Underfunded, 96
State Budgets, 99
Medicare, 16, 43, 101-107, 280-328
Enrollment, Payments Up, 103
Medicare, Medicaid Beneficiaries, 86
Medicare, Medicaid per Beneficiary, 85
Medicare, Medicaid Underfunded, 84
Underfunded, 102
Medicare & Medicaid Restructure, 280-328
CBO Policy Options, 323-325
Deficit Commission Options, 326-328
Economic Factors, 292-310
Growing and Aging Population, 283-286
Improve Efficiency / Productivity, 315-318
Legal Factors, 311-314
Possible Solutions, 290, 291
Reduce Services, Medicaid, 319-322
Social Forces, 282-328
Unhealthy Lifestyles, 287-279
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility
and Reform, see Deficit Commission
Net Debt/EBITDA, 34
Net Income, 54
Net Interest Payments, 17
Net Margin, 15, 54, 56
Net Worth, 27, 30
Non-Core 'Business' Out-Sourcing, 350-351
Off Balance Sheet Liabilities, 14, 212, 438
One Time Charges, 177-205
Operating Loss, 35
Out-Sourcing, 350-351
Pensions, 339-341
P&L, 56, 58
Real Estate, 182-187
Retirement, 42, 257
Social Security, 16, 130-141, 255-267
Solutions, 21
Summary, 13-23, 437-449
Surplus, 54, 56
TARP, 188-192
Tax Policies, 395-410
Tax Rates, 396-399
Tax Subsidies / Expenditures / Broaden Base,
401-410
Technology, 369-372
Tech / Infrastructure / Education, 366-382
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USA Inc. xxviii
Turnaround, 18, 19, 221-410
Competitiveness, 390-394
Constraints, 235
Costs & Headcount, 345-348
Drive Sustainable Growth 355-365
Expense Drivers, 231, 232
Expense Growth, 229, 230
Expenses, 252-353
Federal Wages & Benefits, 325-337
Imperatives, 234
Increase Employment, 383-388
Invest in Education, 377-382
Invest in Infrastructure, 373-376
Invest in Technology, 366-372
Unemployment
Benefits, 122-128
Insurance, 16
Rates, 267, 346
Unions, 342-344
USA Inc. Data Points, 47
USA Inc .Trends, 48
Wages, 336-337
War in Iraq, Afghanistan, Terror, 66
Invest in Tech / Infrastructure / Education, 366-
382
Japan Experience, 246
Non-Core 'Business' Out-Sourcing, 350-351
Operating Efficiency, 329-353
Pensions, 338-341
Principles, 244
Questions, 240-243
Reform Entitlements, 253-328
Restructure Medicare & Medicaid, 268-328
Restructure Social Security, 255-267
Revenue Drivers, 227, 228
Revenue Expense Correlation, 222
Revenue Growth, 225, 226
Sensitive, 245
Tax Policies, 395-410
Tax Rates, 396-399
Tax Subsidies / Expenditures / Broaden Base,
401-410
Unions, 342-344
Weak Economy, 236
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USA Inc. xxix
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USA Inc. – A Basic Summary of America’s Financial Statements USA Inc.
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019494.txt,"6 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

no known appointments there. Even so, Snowden carried to Hong
Kong digital copies he had made of the top secret NSA documents.
As General Michael Hayden, who served as the head of both the
NSA and the CIA, told me, “It’s very mysterious why Snowden
chose Hong Kong.” We can assume he had a compelling enough rea-
son for him to take the risk that he would be arrested there by Hong
Kong police after U.S. authorities invoked the detention provision
of its extradition treaty. It was of course possible that Snowden had
traveled there to see someone he believed could protect him.

I arrived in Hong Kong on May 20, 2014—exactly one year after
Snowden had arrived there aboard a Japan Airlines flight. I checked
in to the Mira hotel in the Tsim Sha Tsui shopping district of Kow-
loon, a ten-minute ferry ride away from Hong Kong Island, where
most of the foreign consulates are located.

I chose the Mira because it was the five-star hotel in which
Snowden had stayed and where he had made the celebrated video

© admitting his role in taking the NSA documents. I asked at the front ©
desk for room 1014, the same one that Snowden had occupied in
2013, because I wanted easy access to the hotel’s service and secu-
rity personnel responsible for the room who might have had contact
with Snowden a year earlier, Unfortunately, that room was occupied,
but I was given a nearby room that served my purpose.

Snowden had told Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, the
Guardian reporters he met in Hong Kong, that he had hidden out
at the Mira hotel since his arrival in Hong Kong because he feared
that the CIA might capture him. My first surprise was that Snowden
had not arrived at the Mira until eleven days after he arrived in
Hong Kong. As I learned from the hotel staff, Snowden had regis-
tered there under his real name and used his own passport and credit
card to secure the room, an odd choice if he was hiding out. He had
checked in to the hotel not on May 20, as he had told the reporters,
but on June 1, 2013. He checked out on June 10.

Wherever Snowden stayed from May 20 to June 1, he apparently
considered it a safe enough place from which to send Greenwald a
“welcome package,” as he called it, of twenty top secret NSA docu-

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_rt.zindd 6 ® 929N6 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019494
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011076.txt,"I arrived at the same idea independently, anyhow, and published it in Social Science
Information in 1989. To date it is my only publication in a refereed journal, and
remains uncited as far as I know. Alan Rogers, a biologist at University of Utah,
published almost the same idea in 1994! and 19972. Neither of us knew of Petty or
Cassel or each other. Both of Rogers’ two papers are included in my appendix.

Petty’s great idea has otherwise remained unnoticed as far as | know.

His idea in modern terms comes from the same ancient capitalization formula.
Sumerian temples knew how to evaluate land as well as mortgages and annuities by
discounting to present value. In the simplest case, where cash flow is expected to

hold constant forever, the logic begins with the definition

cash flow
cash flow rate = —————
capital
Algebra allows
h fl
capital = |, (7.1)
cash flowrate

Years purchase, given those simplifying assumptions, meant

1
years purchase =———_———_ , (7.2)
cash flow rate
1 The Evolution of Time Preference.
2 Evolution and Human Choice over Time.
Chapter 7 Petty’s Idea 2/3/16 17

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011076
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020215.txt,"63

Federal law. He later told a Libertarian gathering, at which Ron Paul also spoke, “Law is a lot
like medicine. When you have too much it can be fatal."" Paul also ardently opposed any form of
gun control. Not only did Snowden support this position in his Internet postings, but so did his
girlfriend Lindsay Mills in her own on-line postings.

Most relevant to his future activities at the NSA, Snowden whole-heartedly agreed with the
position of Paul on the dangers inherent in government’s surveillance of US citizens. Paul
described the CIA, the organization which had forced Snowden out, as nothing short of a “secret
government” and that ""In a true Republic, there is no place for an organization like the CIA."" He
also railed against NSA surveillance.

As is clear from Snowden’s Internet postings, he, like Ron Paul, expressed doubts about the
competency of the intelligence agencies of the U.S. government. Snowden’s own disillusionment
about the government may have begun with his rejection, and perceived mistreatment, by the
Special Forces of the US Army. It was almost certainly reinforced by his ouster from the CIA.
He later told the Guardian that he was disillusioned as early as 2007 when he learned about the
CIA’s methods in compromising Swiss citizens. He also told the New York Times after he arrived
in Moscow that he came to realize while working in the CIA that any attempt redress these
wrongs against him by working through the system would only lead to further punishment for
him. His critical view of the US government only hardened during the years he worked at the
NSA. He described his NSA superiors as “grossly incompetent,” as he later explained to a
journalist from Wired magazine in Moscow. At the NSA, he said employees were kept in line by
“fear and a false image of patriotism.” He said that he saw his fellow workers cowed into
“obedience to authority” and his superiors induced to break the law. He became particularly
concerned with what he called the “secret powers” of the NSA. He saw them as “tremendously
dangerous.” By this time, Snowden was fully aware that that the NSA conducted domestic
surveillance because he had used his privileges as a system administrator in 2012 to obtain the
NSA’s inspector general’s report on a 2009 surveillance program.

Nevertheless, Snowden continued to work at the NSA, where he was, as he put it, “making a
ton of money.” Mills joined him in his “paradise” in June 2012, shortly before his 29"" birthday.
Just before leaving Annapolis, Maryland for Hawaii, Mills posted a semi-nude picture of herself
on her blog, “L’s Journey.” In it, her face was covered with a blanket. The caption under it read:
“Trying to avoid the changes coming my way.” In Honolulu, she found “E,” as she called
Snowden in her blog, “elusive.” She found that he preferred to stay at home and avoided
meeting other people to the point that her friends “were not quite sure that E. existed.” At best,
one of Lindsay’s friends in an acrobatic class caught a glimpse of Snowden picking her up one
afternoon. Even though Mill’s dated Snowden for eight years, most of her friends, with the
exception of Jennie and Joe Chamberlin in Japan, had never met Snowden. If he had other social
interactions in Hawaii, no one he met came forward and spoke of meeting him even after he
became world famous.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020215
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014927.txt,"Wayfair (Neutral, $44 PO)

Stock view: Timeline on profitability still an issue, but comps ease in 2Q’17
Wayfair’s two issues have been deceleration in U.S. revenue growth and negative
operating margins as the company continues to aggressively invest in logistics,
international expansion, marketing, and new categories. 1Q customer and order growth
comps remain tough, which was one of the drivers of revenue growth guidance below
expectations. Wayfair also attributed weak guidance to caution on the retail
environment and added investment. Growth comps ease in 2Q/3Q, and there is potential
for more stable growth in 2Q guidance to drive improving investor sentiment.

As for margins, management guided to EBITDA margin of (3.5%)-(3.8%), a deceleration
from (2.8%) in 1Q’16 due to a lower opex absorption in the quarter on seasonally lower
sales. The US is expected to swing back to EBITDA losses in 1Q’17, while Intl losses are
expected to remain steady. We forecast EBITDA margin of (2.4%), with (0.2%) EBITDA
margin in the US and (19.0%) margin in International. The company continues to expect
little to no ad spend leverage given increase International ad spend.

Management historically builds conservativism into its guidance and, until last year, had
a track record of beating the upper end of its sales outlook by ~10%. Recently, revenue
has been by a low-single digit percentage. Our above consensus 1Q revenue forecast
implies 1% upside to the high end of the guidance range, in line with the trend over the
past 3 quarters. We think investors expect sales growth above the guidance range as
well.

Table 27: Revenue and EBITDA Guidance vs. Actuals
4Q14 1015 2015 3Q15 4Q15 1Q16 2016 3Q16 4Q16 1Q17E**

Revenue - High End of Guidance $370,000 $390,000 $440,000 $525,000 $665,000 $700,000 $785,000 $850,000 $960,000 $930,000
Revenue Actual $408,619  $424.371 $491,752 $593,972 739,790 TAT 348 786,928 861,525 984,559 943.626
Revenue Upside $38,619 $34,371 $51,752 $68,972 $74,790 $47 348 $1,928 $11,525 $24,559 $13,626
Revenue % Upside 10% 9% 12% 13% 11% 1% 0% 1% 3% 1%
EBITDA - High End of Guidance % 4.5% -3.5% -2.5% -0.8% -0.8% -3.0% -3.2% 4.3% -2.8% -3.5%
EBITDA - High End of Guidance ($16,650) ($13,650) ($11,000) ($3,938) ($4,988) ($21,000) = ($25,120) ($36,125) ($26,400) = ($32,550)
EBITDA Actual ($7,218) — ($12,340) ($4,972) (51,445) $2,828 ($20,960) ($24,857) ($80,849) = ($12,026) ($22,463)""
EBITDA Upside $9,432 $1,310 $6,028 $2,493 $7,816 $40 $263 $5,276 $14,374 $10,087

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Wayfair
Note: * 1Q17E Actuals are current BofA Merrill Lynch forecasts

Over the past two quarters, Wayfair has expressed caution on the macro environment,
though this proved to be somewhat unwarranted in 4Q. According to February 2017
aggregated BAC credit and debit card data, furniture sales were up 1.3% (down 0.4% on
rolling 3-month m/m basis), while home goods were down 1.2% y/y and flat on a rolling
3 month m/m basis. Please see the BofA Merrill Lynch US Economics team's report for
additional commentary on broader retail trends and a detailed explanation of the
methodology and limitations in connection with BAC data. Williams-Sonoma reported
disappointing 4Q earnings (March 15* report) and provided modest 1Q guidance that
the BofA Merrill Lynch Hardline Retail team called “a little rich,” though it is difficult to
tell if weak trends are the result of secular home goods weakness or the disruptive
impact of eCommerce players like Wayfair.

Key theme/metric(s) for 1Q: 2Q revenue guidance on easier y/y comps

1Q revenue guidance was a disappointment, though comps ease in 2Q’17, and
opportunity for more stable US growth could aid stock sentiment. Customer growth in
2Q has a 400bps easier y/y comp vs 1Q17, while order growth has a 1700bps easier y/y
comp. Overall, revenue growth faces a 1600bps easier y/y comp. and would expect
guidance anywhere near the Street’s 2Q estimate at 25% y/y growth to be viewed
positively given several quarters of guidance below street estimates.

Bankof America

Merrill Lynch Internet/e-Commerce | 06 April2017 41

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014927
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032488.txt,"De : jeffrey E. <jeevacation@ gmail.com>
Envoyé : vendredi 10 février 2017 18:40

A: Etienne Binant; Lang, Caroline
Objet : Re: update

yes, lets start. . yes we are on. sorry with trump around its been very crazy busy

On Fri, Feb 10, 2017 at 7:59 AM, Etienne Binant <P wrote:

Hi Jeffrey
Happy to talk to you almost anytime today until around 3PM. Just tell me what number | should reach.

Not sure what got lost in translation here: never had the intention to go to any art fair or art show or
anything of the kind.

All the artists we have in mind or send to you are people we have direct connections with. Not just their
studio, but also their home. They are people the work of whom we follow, and many of them are already
friendly (Arianna, Cali have had dinner or stayed home).

The idea is absolutely to have an impact on the ecosystem and to make a difference by supporting great
artists when they need it.

Galleries references are important, because galleries allow artist to reach a broader audience. We would go
directly to the source.

This is why it's important for me to go to LA or Berlin (or elsewhere) because those artists are not rich yet,
they dont travel so much. They belong to a scene, and it does make a big difference to them if you connect in
person.

The spirit is to have an impact on young, talented folks, and absolutely to stay at the source.

Once again, not sure was drifted away from this in communication

De : jeffrey E. <jeevacation@ gmail.com>
Envoyé : vendredi 10 février 2017 12:32

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032488
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031339.txt,"From:

Sent: 8/12/2016 1:28:18 PM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com
Subject: Fwd: Obama team nixed fundraiser by attorney for sex offender pal of Bill Clinton, emails show

Importance: — High

This guy black might be your lawyer and even a friend; but i have to say it seems to me he is much more about
himself than his clients.

He made a comment in a newspaper about a case of mine not long ago and he had no idea what he was talking
about; he should have been embarrassed. When i asked a reporter from one if the leading newspapers why the
other paper had run his opinion about my casr when he knows nothing about it, she said his p.r. people email
and others regularly with comments on all sorts if cases just hoping to get black's name in the paper in some
pseudo authoritative role. Pretty weak.

Good luck, David

Sent from AOL Mobile Mail
Get the new AOL app: mail.mobile.aol.com

From: David Schocn <j >

Date: Friday, August 12, 2016
Subject: Obama team nixed fundraiser by attorney for sex offender pal of Bill Clinton, emails show

I thought you might be interested in this article:

One of America’s top defense attorneys was deemed too controversial to host an event for President Obama,
according to newly surfaced emails, mainly because of one particular client — a jet-setting billionaire accused of
trafficking underage girls, who also happens to be close friends with Bill Clinton.

http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/08/12/obama-team-nixed-fundraiser-by-attorney-for-sex-offender-pal-
bill-clinton-emails-show.html

Sent via the Fox News app for Android. Download the app here:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.foxnews.android

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031339
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020913.txt,"Interest Payments:

3 Determinants = Debt Level + Interest Rates + Maturity

Debt Level
4 : > * 62% of GDP in 2010, up 2x over 30 years
f Debt y + Projected to rise to ~146% of GDP by 2030E
Level | owing to diminishing surpluses from Social

~ 7 Security and rising expenses from Medicaid and
Pa —_— other entitlement spending

Effective Interest Rates

Effective ¢ At historic low of 2.2% in 2010, vs. 30-year
Interest average of 6.4%
Rates * Will rise with federal funds target rate & long-term

Treasury yield as economy recovers

Maturity

¢ Shorter debt maturities imply less leverage to
Maturity reduce future interest payments via inflation

¢ Long-term debt (10+ year) only 10% of total in

2010, down from 15% in 1985

¢ Short-term debt (0-1 year) especially large in 2009

P Source: Historical debt level / effective interest rates data per White House OMB; Debt projection per CBO; Maturity and composition per Dept. of Treasury.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 143

Drill Down on Debt Levels & Related Expenses

We begin with a simple study of current and historical debt
levels and key drivers of why debt has risen so much, then
we look at interest rates (which are low by historical
standards) and the impact they have on interest expense,
then we look at the short-term vs. long-term composition of
USA Inc.’s debt.

KP
a USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 144

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020913
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022595.txt,"93

candidate to use his or its influence with a foreign government or
instrumentality thereof to affect or influence any act or decision of
such government or instrumentality, in order to assist such issuer in
obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to,

any person.
(b) Exception for routine governmental action

Subsections (a) and (g) of this section shall not apply to any facilitat-
ing or expediting payment to a foreign official, political party, or party
official the purpose of which is to expedite or to secure the perfor-
mance of a routine governmental action by a foreign official, political

party, or party official.
(c) Affirmative defenses

It shall be an affirmative defense to actions under subsection (a) or (g)

of this section that—

(1) the payment, gift, offer, or promise of anything of value that was
made, was lawful under the written laws and regulations of the foreign

official's, political party’s, party official's, or candidate’s country; or

(2) the payment, gift, offer, or promise of anything of value that was
made, was a reasonable and bona fide expenditure, such as travel and
lodging expenses, incurred by or on behalf of a foreign official, party,

party official, or candidate and was directly related to—

A) the promotion, demonstration, or explanation of products or ser-

vices; or

B) the execution or performance of a contract with a foreign govern-

ment or agency thereof.

d) Guidelines by Attorney General

Not later than one year after August 23, 1988, the Attorney General,
after consultation with the Commission, the Secretary of Commerce,
the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of State, and the
Secretary of the Treasury, and after obtaining the views of all interested.
persons through public notice and comment procedures, shall deter-
mine to what extent compliance with this section would be enhanced
and the business community would be assisted by further clarification of
the preceding provisions of this section and may, based on such determi-

nation and to the extent necessary and appropriate, issue—

(1) guidelines describing specific types of conduct, associated with
common types of export sales arrangements and business contracts,
which for purposes of the Department of Justice’s present enforce-
ment policy, the Attorney General determines would be in confor-

mance with the preceding provisions of this section; and

(2) general precautionary procedures which issuers may use on a vol-

untary basis to conform their conduct to the Department of Justice’s

present enforcement policy regarding the preceding provisions of this
section. The Attorney General shall issue the guidelines and procedures
referred to in the preceding sentence in accordance with the provisions
of subchapter H of chapter 5 of Title 5 and those guidelines and proce-
dures shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 7 of that title.

(e) Opinions of Attorney General

(1) The Attorney General, after consultation with appropriate depart-
ments and agencies of the United States and after obtaining the views
of all interested persons through public notice and comment pro-
cedures, shall establish a procedure to provide responses to specific
inquiries by issuers concerning conformance of their conduct with the
Department of Justice’s present enforcement policy regarding the pre-
ceding provisions of this section. The Attorney General shall, within
30 days after receiving such a request, issue an opinion in response
to that request. The opinion shall state whether or not certain speci-
fied prospective conduct would, for purposes of the Department of
Justice’s present enforcement policy, violate the preceding provisions
of this section. Additional requests for opinions may be filed with the
Attorney General regarding other specified prospective conduct that
is beyond the scope of conduct specified in previous requests. In any
action brought under the applicable provisions of this section, there
shall be a rebuttable presumption that conduct, which is specified in a
request by an issuer and for which the Attorney General has issued an
opinion that such conduct is in conformity with the Department of
Justice’s present enforcement policy, is in compliance with the preced-
ing provisions of this section. Such a presumption may be rebutted by
a preponderance of the evidence. In considering the presumption for
purposes of this paragraph, a court shall weight all relevant factors,
including but not limited to whether the information submitted to
the Attorney General was accurate and complete and whether it was
within the scope of the conduct specified in any request received by
the Attorney General. The Attorney General shall establish the pro-
cedure required by this paragraph in accordance with the provisions
of subchapter II of chapter 5 of Title 5 and that procedure shall be

subject to the provisions of chapter 7 of that title.

(2) Any document or other material which is provided to, received by,
or prepared in the Department of Justice or any other department or
agency of the United States in connection with a request by an issuer
under the procedure established under paragraph (1), shall be exempt
from disclosure under section 552 of Title 5 and shall not, except
with the consent of the issuer, be made publicly available, regardless of
whether the Attorney General responds to such a request or the issuer

withdraws such request before receiving a response.

(3) Any issuer who has made a request to the Attorney General
under paragraph (1) may withdraw such request prior to the time the
Attorney General issues an opinion in response to such request. Any

request so withdrawn shall have no force or effect.

(4) The Attorney General shall, to the maximum extent practicable,

provide timely guidance concerning the Department of Justice’s

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022595

"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030999.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 10/9/2009 4:43:25 PM
To: Jack Goldberger x ; Robert D. Critton Jr. Pe
Subject: Fwd: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein

a Forwarded message ----------

From: Darren Indyke iii

Date: Fri, Oct 9, 2009 at 12:32 PM
Subject: Fwd: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein
To: Jeevacation <jeevacation@gmail.com>

Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: Howard Rubenstein i.

Date: October 9, 2009 7:26:54 AM PDT
To: ""
Subject: FW: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein

Hi Darren:
I hope you are well.

Since we are no longer working for Jeffrey, ’'m forwarding this Daily News request to you so you can handle it as you see
fit.

Many thanks,

Howard

From: Rush, George [mailto

Sent: Thursday, October 08, 2009 11:08 PM
To: Howard Rubenstein

Subject: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein

Howard:

We’re working on a story for our Sunday column about Jeffrey Epstein. I thought I might send
my questions to you tonight, so you’d have them first thing tomorrow.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030999
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016488.txt,"Non-party movant NYP Holdings, Inc., publisher of the New York Post (the “Post”),
respectfully submits this memorandum of law in support of its motion, filed pursuant to 22
NYCRR § 1250.1(e)(3) and N.Y. Civil Rights Law § 50-b(2)(b), for an order unsealing the briefs
filed by the parties in the above-captioned appeal (the “Appeal”) with the names of victims of
sex crimes redacted.

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT

The Post seeks to unseal court documents that will shed light on why the Manhattan
District Attorney’s Office initially sought lenient treatment of billionaire financier and convicted
pedophile Jeffrey Epstein. In 2008, Epstein pled guilty to soliciting prostitution from a minor,
but there has been suspicion since that time — voiced by members of the judiciary and the press
alike — that prosecutors gave Epstein preferential treatment because of his wealth and his
political connections to powerful men like Donald Trump, Bill Clinton, and Prince Andrew. The
handling of criminal proceedings against Epstein by federal prosecutors in Florida and thereafter
by the Manhattan District Attorney’s office has come under renewed scrutiny after the Miami
Herald published a series of investigative articles beginning November 28, 2018, including an
article reporting recently that “prosecutors worked to cut him a break” despite strong evidence
that he had abused 80 girls and young women.

As part of its own news reporting on the New York proceedings against Epstein, the Post
seeks to unseal the briefs filed in this Appeal, in which this Court held that Epstein had to
register as a level three sex offender in New York, which is the category reserved for highest-risk
offenders. See People v. Epstein, 89 A.D.3d 570, 570, 933 N.Y.S.2d 239, 240 (1st Dep’t 2011).
During the Appeal, Epstein argued that his sex offender status should be downgraded to a lower

level while the District Attorney’s Office argued that the level-three designation was appropriate.

4811-372 1-9459v.3 3930033-000039

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016488
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027787.txt,"Message: Do the borrowers get income?

Sender: iy

Time: 06/24/19 02:20:43 AM (583060843)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AD8C74A6-F051-46

5

1E-918D-68EC6C523DC2

Message: I doubt borrowers get income but not certain. If they did many who struggle w
debt service would get a whopping tax bill. I suspect a balance sheet impact but not a
deficit impact. Depends on whether it's framed as a give away or recognition of
reality.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/24/19 03:34:39 AM (583065279)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 48EA89F5-E85B-4C78-B4DF-EOB69FACFO044

Message: How's the rehab. ?

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/24/19 03:36:24 AM (583065384)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3B57FEAA-6429-442D-A7F8-CO5796E4AD53

Message: My mathemactics guys. All said the propensity of the common man to put numbers
on things where they don't belong is the answer to the odds probability questions et.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/24/19 03:40:53 AM (583065653)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 31778953-399A-4E04-9369-3450804DDD47

Message: Send peril flowers

Sender: iy

Time: 06/24/19 04:13:47 AM (583067627)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 38694F4C-1706-42EB-B

©

1E4-C30647C04878

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027787
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023853.txt,"New Curricula for a New Way of Teaching 107

new predictions, and be prepared for these predictions to fail. This is
what thinking looks like no matter which cognitive process is being
thought about and practiced.

DIAGNOSIS

Now let’s talk about diagnosis. Again I will start with a story. This is
one I have been telling for a long time because it informs us about
how the mind works.

I was discussing with my colleague (Bob Abelson) how it could
be that my wife could not seem to make steak rare (as I like it—she is
no longer my wife, but not because of this). Bob responded that he
couldn't get his hair cut as short as he wanted in England 20 years
earlier.

This seems on the surface to be a rather odd response, but when
we look deeper we can see that I was saying something like, She could
do this right if she wanted to, and he was thinking, Maybe she thinks
the request is too extreme, as happened to me with a barber in Eng-
land many years ago.

Matching odd situations to other odd situations and seeing the
similarity is what creative thinking is all about. Bob was trying to di-
agnose a problem that had been on his mind for a long time, and my
new story provided him with new evidence to think again about what
the proper diagnosis might be. This is what thinking looks like. It is
also what reminding looks like. People get reminded precisely because
they are trying to match a new situation to one they already know
about and thereby determine what to do next. To put this another
way, diagnosis depends on prior diagnosis. We constantly are trying
to improve our diagnostic capability because we always strive to make
better decisions no matter what arena these decisions are in. The fact
that the improvement of diagnostic capability is not explicitly part of
each and every curriculum in school is scandalous.

When we design new curricula, we need to ground them in some
realistic framework that will enable students to practice things that
they might end up doing in the real world. But that does not mean
that the real issue in designing these curricula is anything other than
teaching thinking, that is, enabling practice in the 12 cognitive pro-
cesses. However, teaching thinking in the absence of a context that
truly interests students is absurd.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023853
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026499.txt,"Date: Thursday, August 9 2018 10:47 AM
Subject: Fwd: Our May conversation - more thoughts
From: _ jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>

To: BS Stern <>:

Hi all —

I spent some time mulling additional aspects ofa third choice presidential run and wanted to run five

specific attributes for a candidate by you as a group.

This much we know - the Fall elections are shaping up to be a referendum on the most divisive
American President in memory. The battle for potential Supreme Court justice Brett Kavanaugh’s
nomination this fall will only amplify the polarity of the political debate that is already deeply
overwrought on both sides. The rising tide of pressure on Donald Trump from the Mueller investigation

shows no sign of ebbing.

Unless the underlying political dynamics are disrupted, the outcomes of these unprecedented events will
still leave us with the same unsatisfactory two front battlefield of the 2016 Presidential election.
Watching these unrelenting, compounding events since our discussion in May, I am guessing we are all
asking the same question: now what? For the 48 percent of Americans who believe Donald Trump

should not be in the White House, perhaps we too want our own “chaos” candidate in 2020?

Should Trump run again, this could be a “break glass” moment for the majority of Americans who don’t
support him. Do we want to break the genteel precedents of two parties running their ceremonious and
seemingly illogical nominating process to select a candidate? (Why do Iowa and New Hampshire play
such outsized roles? What kind of small-d democratic process relies on superdelegates?) The system
failed in 2016, with both parties producing terribly flawed candidates in a race to the bottom. We need to

build a back-up plan in the event the system fails again.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026499
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015387.txt,"king of improv, and he has proven it tonight by interrupting everybody,
stepping on their lines, doing schtick. He’ s been about as annoying he
can be.”

“| loved that review, though,” said Robin, referring to Diehl’ s
negative critique of C/ub Paradise.

Diehl: “I was hoping you hadn’ t seen it, Robin. It’ s said of you in
Hollywood that you don’ t read your scripts. Anyway, ladies and
gentlemen, I’ d like to bring you Robin Williams, fresh from C/ub Paradise,
his biggest failure yet.”

Williams: “Thank you, Gary Franklin [the movie reviewer Diehl
replaced]. What can you say about a man who’ s a TV critic? A man who
looks at a good film and letters it like a report card. Is that art? | think not.
And I’ d like to thank Harlan’ s lawyer for proving, God, is there a reason
for law? | think not. And I’ d like to thank Mr. Krassner for all the Kathy
Smith references. That’ s some funny stuff.”

Robin confessed, “I really don’ t know Harlan for shit,” then
described his house. “ It’ s like Notre Dame done by Sears. There’ s
Harlan, naked, playing in his toys with a beautiful shiksa goddess jumping
up and down saying, ‘I like him. He’ s smart.’ "" Robin morphed into a

little boy in the bathroom. “I'’ m reading Bradbury, dad.” (Roaster Ray

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015387
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012219.txt,"as

V7

18

19

20

21

22

23

MP:

MP:

MP:

MP:

into a fight with a girl, a. for saying that. Because she said that | was, had
done all that with the old man to get that money and that’s nottrue. That's why |
gol really angry and then we (inaudible) before that and then when | went to the
office to (inaudible) the principal but actually she didn't say anything at first and
then she was ike Sto her side of the story, can! see your purse and |
was like go ahead and (inaudible) and I'm like yes and then my dad, my dad and
the principal and my step-mom, they were all like um, why did you do that with an
old man and who is the old man. I'l kill him, blah, blah, blah. And then I was
like 1 didn't do anything! | didn't do anything! And they didn’t believe me. And |
kind of got mad at and then the whole thing, that’s when | moved back to my
mom's house because my dad thought | was a prostitute. And it was really...
You know that just because something may have happened, that doesn’t make
you a prostitute.

I know.

Do you?

Yes.

Okay. Do you want something to drink?

No.

Are you sure?

Yeah,

You know, !'ve been doing this for a long time and {’m not saying you're not
telling me the truth, | think you're not telling me the whole truth about what
happened. Okay? Matter of fact, | know you're not. And I know you might be a

Page 9 of 43

05125

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012219
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030741.txt,"From: ee

Sent: 11/8/2018 7:17:03 PM
To: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Yes completely forgot about it
I m flying in Friday night
Would Saturday 11:00 be good for you?

Ariane de Rothschild

On 8 Nov 2018, at 19:39, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

when are you arriving. traffic will be crazy . do to celebratons and trump

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030741
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017796.txt,"EXHIBIT 2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017796
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030389.txt,"Date: Thursday, May 11 2017 08:30 PM 
Subject: Re: What is going on with your man Jes? 
From: jeffrey E. <jeeyacation@gmail.com> 
To: Thomas Jr., Landon 
i tired to call you , not for email 
On Thu, May 11, 2017 at 10:22 PM, Thomas Jr., Landon <_____________________ 
Other stuff I am sympathetic --but to answer a random gmail email, that is not smart! 
How are you Trump contacts responding to Comey? 
On Thu, May 11, 2017 at 4:18 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
i know, everyone gets their turn in the barrel 
On Thu, May 11, 2017 at 10:17 PM, Thomas Jr., Landon < 
wrote: 
> wrote: 
'Thanks for sharing the foxhole' 
Fac Lin) 4 HOURS AGO By: Kadhim Shubber, Martin Arnold 
6 Print 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030389 
The subject of the email should have been warning enough for Jes Staley, the embattled 
chief executive of Barclays. At quarter to nine on Wednesday evening, after a bruising 
shareholders' meeting, Mr Staley received a message purporting to be from his chairman, 
John McFarlane. The heading read: ""The fool doth think he is wise"". 
In fact, the message was from a prankster, using the Gmail account 
john.mcfarlane.barclays@gmail. com. The imposter described Michael Mason-Mahon, an 
individual shareholder who called for Mr Staley to resign at Wednesday's annual 
meeting, ""as brusque as he is ill informed"" and went on to reassure the Barclays chief 
executive that together they had successfully seen off any attempt to force Mr Staley out. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030390 
""Surely the fickleminded nature of the angry few will help tie up any loose ends,"" the short 
email concluded. ""You owe me a large Scotch."" 
Mr Staley, who has been heavily criticised for his attempt to u n ma sk a whictlebl ower, 
soon replied to the prankster in effusive terms. Presumably thinking he was talking to his 
chairman, who has been dubbed ""Mack the Knife"" for his habit of ousting chief executives, 
Mr Staley said, ""You are a unique man, Mr McFarlane"". 
""You came to my defense today with a courage not seen in many people. How do I thank 
you?"" Mr Staley wrote. The 60-year-old Barclays boss continued in the same style: ""You 
have a sense of what is right, and you have a sense of theatre. You mix humor with grit. 
Thank you John. Never underestimate my recognition of your support. And my respect 
for your guile."" 
He had time for yet more praise before he signed off. ""And some day I want to see an ad lib 
guitar run. You have all the fearlessness of Clapton,"" said Mr Staley, referencing the 
legendary guitarist Eric Clapton and his chairman's fondness for playing his guitar in 
public meetings. 
The brief conversation ended with a final email around iipm. The imposter sent a poem, 
which began ""Worry not of tomorrow's end"" and ended ""Revel in their bloodied eyes"". The 
first letter of each line spelled out the word `Whistleblower'. 
""Thanks for sharing the foxhole,"" Mr Staley replied. 
The prankster, who contacted the Financial Times via Twitter, told us the email was part 
of his ""battle with Barclays"" over a customer issue. ""I thought I'd see how Jes was relaxing 
after his AGM,"" he said. 
Barclays declined to comment. 
The emails, which the FT has verified are genuine, are reproduced below. 
[Prankster's email] 
From: John McFarlane [j ohn.mcfarlane.barclays @gmail.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2017 08:47 PM GMT Standard Time 
To: Staley, Jes: Barclays (LDN) 
Subject: The fool doth think he is wise 
Mason-Mahon is as brusque as he is ill informed. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030391 
However I do feel we've ceased the rally for you [sic] head today. 
Surely the fickleminded nature of the angry few will help tie up any loose ends. 
You owe me a large Scotch. 
John 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Wed, 10 May 2017 at 21:o8, Jes Staley wrote: 
You are a unique man, Mr McFarlane. 
You came to my defense today with a courage not seen in many people. How do I thank 
you? 
You have a sense of what is right, and you have a sense of theatre. You mix humor with 
grit. 
Thank you John. Never underestimate my recognition of your support. And my respect 
for your guile. 
And some day I want to see an ad lib guitar run. You have all the fearlessness of Clapton. 
Thank you. 
Jes 
[Prankster's email] 
From: John McFarlane [john.mcfarlane.barclays pgmail .com] 
Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2017 09:37 PM GMT Standard Time 
To: Staley, Jes: Barclays (LDN) 
Subject: Re: The fool doth think he is wise 
What else would Mack the Knife do but support those he can trust in! 
Begs the question, who should we seek to silence next!? 
Onward, to bigger, and better things. 
I may have already had a stiff one, it's been a long day, and I get no younger. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030392 
Clapton has nothing on me ha! 
On Wed, 10 May 2017 at 21:40, Jes Staley wrote: 
I bet he doesn't. 
[Prankster's email] 
On Wed, 10 May 2017 at 21:45, John McFarlane <john.mcfarlane.barclays@gmail.com> 
wrote: 
In all seriousness, do let me know what fires/thorns you want me quelling over the next 
few days. 
It's important I stand fast, and alongside you. 
You have carried yourself admirably today. 
[Prankster's email] 
From: John McFarlane [john.mcfarlane.barclays@gmail.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2017 10:43 PM GMT Standard Time 
To: Staley, Jes: Barclays (LDN) 
Subject: Re: The fool doth think he is wise 
As I retire for the night, I'm reminded of a poem my father was awfully fond of. It seems 
very apt. 
Good night, Jes. 
Worry not of tomorrow's end 
Hurry not towards falling trees 
Ignore at once, the jesters dance 
Sigh, oh sigh, at the folly foiled 
Take down the mighty route of ills 
Lest not make a scratch in time 
Evenhanded wins fair stance. 
Broken wooden spoons we take 
Left, oh left, in such a state 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030393 
Over crests and furrowed field 
Wirey talons arching back 
Empty roosts the plagued aspise 
Revel in their bloodied eyes 
We fight on. 
From: Jes Staley 
Date: Wed, 10 May 2017 at 22:58 
Subject: RE: The fool doth think he is wise 
To: <john.mcfarlane.barclays@gmail.com> 
Thanks for sharing the foxhole. 
Best 
tf es 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/ reference/timestopics/people/t /landon jr thomas/index.html 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com , and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030394 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/ reference/timestopics/people/ t/landon jr thomas/index.html 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation(&,gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030395 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030308.txt,"Lefcourt and Alan M. Dershowitz, a friend of his, to look into the backgrounds of his
young accusers.

Mr. Lefcourt says that the police acted “outrageously” and that his client has been
wrongfully dragged through the mud.

“He disputes that he ever had sex with any under-age person or anything like that,” said
Mr. Lefcourt, whose clients have included Russell Crowe, Martha Stewart and Abbie
Hoffman.

Neither the police nor the state attorney’s office would discuss the case in detail. But the
police released a thick report on the 13-month investigation after the indictment was
unsealed in late July.

The police started investigating Mr. Epstein in March 2005, almost immediately after
they were contacted by the stepmother of the 14-year-old, who, according to the report,
was in a special school for students with disciplinary problems.

The girl, the report said, told the police that an older friend had “offered her an
opportunity to make money” and had driven her to Mr. Epstein’s house one Sunday. The
friend, identified by the police as Haley Robson, a local community college student, told
the girl to say she was 18 if Mr. Epstein asked, the report said.

The girl told the police that Mr. Epstein’s assistant had led her upstairs to a room with a
massage table and that Mr. Epstein had come in and told her to remove her clothes. She
said Mr. Epstem had masturbated as she massaged him, had pressed a vibrator against her
underwear and had given her $300 afterward.

In October, the police interviewed Ms. Robson, then 19, who told them Mr. Epstein had
routinely paid her to bring teenage girls to his home. The police then interviewed a total
of 5 alleged victims and 17 witnesses, many of whom told similar stories about what they
had observed or participated in at Mr. Epstein’s home. According to the report, at least
one said Mr. Epstein had engaged in intercourse with her.

Mr. Lefcourt, his lawyer, said one girl who told the police of having had sex with Mr.
Epstein as a minor had lied about both the sex and her age and had not shown up for
grand jury questioning. He also said Mr. Epstein had passed a lie-detector test clearing
him of any sexual involvement with under-age girls.

A spokeswoman for the Palm Beach police said that early this year, the police went to
Mr. Krischer, the state attorney, intending to apply for warrants to arrest Mr. Epstein.
Instead, she said, they were told that Mr. Krischer would convene a grand jury to
examine the evidence and decide what charges, if any, to bring.

Around that time, the police report said, Mr. Dershowitz met with prosecutors to share
information about the accusers, including statements they had posted on MySpace.com,
the social networking site, concerning use of drugs and alcohol. According to the report,
Mr. Krischer’s office then decided to delay the grand jury session for several months.
The Palm Beach police grew frustrated, the report said, and on May | the department
asked prosecutors to approve warrants to arrest Mr. Epstein.

Chief Reiter also wrote Mr. Krischer questioning “the unusual course that your office’s
handling of this matter has taken” and suggesting that Mr. Krischer disqualify himself.

Chief Reiter refused several requests to be interviewed, and his spokeswoman would not

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030308
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028547.txt,"Cite as: 586 U.S. (2019) 5

Opinion of the Court

developed areas, thus supplementing the activities of” the
World Bank. Articles of Agreement of the International
Finance Corporation, Art. I, Dec. 5, 1955, 7 U.S. T. 2198,
T. I. A. S. No. 8620. Whereas the World Bank primarily
provides loans and grants to developing countries for
public-sector projects, the IFC finances private-sector
development projects that cannot otherwise attract capital
on reasonable terms. See Art. IG), tbid. In 2018, the IFC
provided some $28 billion in such financing.

The IFC expects its loan recipients to adhere to a set. of
performance standards designed to “avoid, mitigate, and
manage risks and impacts” associated with development
projects. IFC Performance Standards on Environmental
and Social Sustainability, Jan. 1, 2012, p.2, 41. Those
standards are usually more stringent than any established
by local law. The IFC includes the standards in its loan
agreements and enforces them through an internal review
process. Brief for Respondent 10.

In 2008, the IFC loaned $450 million to Coastal Gujarat
Power Limited, a company located in India. The loan
helped finance the construction of a coal-fired power plant
in the state of Gujarat. Under the terms of the loan
agreement, Coastal Gujarat was required to comply with
an environmental and social action plan designed to pro-
tect areas around the plant from damage. The agreement
allowed the IFC to revoke financial support for the project
if Coastal Gujarat failed to abide by the terms of the
agreement.

The project. did not go smoothly. According to the IFC’s
internal audit, Coastal Gujarat. did not comply with the
environmental and social action plan in constructing and
operating the plant. The audit report criticized the IFC
for inadequately supervising the project.

In 2015, a group of farmers and fishermen who live near
the plant, as well as a local village, sued the IFC in the
United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028547
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011710.txt,"fully detailed picture of the progress of the SAS action, skeptics and hawks in
the cabinet were inclined to see a glass half-empty. They continued to press for
Israeli military action.

In a rare public statement, I tried to reassure the country we did have a
military option, but also to urge restraint. I pointed out that the number of Scuds
had begun decreasing. Though the threat had not been eliminated altogether, we
had “very good operational plans” that would be “carried out when and if the
Israeli government instructs us to implement them.” Yet I added a caveat. “On
the political level, fingers are itching to carry out operations which, in our
opinion, can remove the threat. But in the complex situation created by this war,
neither anger, hurt, nor itchy fingers can replace rational thinking.”

The American ground invasion did turn out to be swift and decisive. In
Israel, Scud attacks continued for a few more days. But the last two missiles fell
in the Negev before dawn on February 25, among the very few to cause neither
casualties nor damage. We turned out to have been right in our pre-war
assessment about the number of missiles: around 40. Fortunately, the casualties
were far fewer than we’d anticipated. Not 120 dead, but fifteen, only one of
whom died directly because of a missile blast. The other deaths were the result
of understandable panic: the misuse of gas masks or the gas antidote drug
atropine, or from respiratory and cardiac failure. The physical damage,
however, was far greater than I’d anticipated. Buildings were destroyed. Cars
were crushed. Glass and debris flew everywhere. In financial terms, the cost ran
to hundreds of millions of dollars. The true impact was greater: on families who
saw the destruction not only their homes, but a lifetime of prized possessions.
For Holocaust survivors in particular, there was the almost unimaginable terror
of having to huddle in sealed rooms for fear of gas. And all Israelis had
experienced a new sense of vulnerability to a faraway enemy whom they
couldn’t see nor, apparently, stop.

I was due to become Israel’s 14"" chief-of-staff at the start of April, barely a
month after the last Scud attack. As the handover drew nearer, I felt fortunate,
in a way, to have missed out on the job four years earlier. Not only had Dan
excelled as ramatkal. I'd benefited from his range of experience, his judgment,
and his trust as well. We had worked together truly as a team.

239
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011710
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029881.txt,"Do you have service on Maxwell or still trying to subpoena her??

fesstca Cadwell, CP, FRI

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

West Palm Beach, FL_ 33401

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto

Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 11:28 AM
To: Jessica Cadwell

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Please notice the deposition of Ms. Maxwell has been rescheduled from 8/17 to 9/23. A re-Notice of Taking Deposition
will follow. Mr. Trump’s deposition is scheduled for August 18, 2009.

From: Jessica Cadwell [mailt

Sent: Monday, August 10, 2009 3:31 PM
To: Jacquie Johnson

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

No not likely. They just filed an emergency protective order

fpesstca Cadwell, CP, FRI

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

West Palm Beach, FL_33401

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto
Sent: Monday, August 10, 2009 3:18 PM
To: Jessica Cadwell

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Jessica — is the depo of GT soins forward on Friday

From: Jessica Cadwell mait i |
Sent: Monday, August 10, 2009 12:10 PM

To: Jacquie Johnson

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

| didnt forget about this...
Still working on it.

fesstca Cadwell, CP, SRS

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029881
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032156.txt,"a

To make sure this goes to your inbox, just add ASMALLWORLD @travel.asmallworld.net to your address book.
Contact us at travel@asmallworld.net, on Twitter at @AskJetsetter, or call us at 877-JSET-USA/877-573-8872.
Jetsetter, 40 W 20th Street Floor 7, New York, NY, 10011

To unsubscribe from ASW Travel Deals email advertisements, please click here.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032156
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029659.txt,"""The great changes in civilisation and society have been wrought by deeply held beliefs and passion rather than by
a process of rational deduction,"" Keating tells me. In retirement, his political inspiration comes from music and
beauty, not opinion polls.

There are signs he has mellowed. While ruthless with his judgments Keating is keen to support a struggling Labor
Party while addressing the source of its strategic demise.

""The failure of the Rudd and Gillard administrations is the lack of an over-arching story, the lack of a compelling
story,"" he says when interviewed last week.

""I'm happy that Labor took us through this dreadful financial crisis so competently. But they are not in the business
of teaching. And governments, to succeed with change, must be in the business of educating the community.

“Our Labor governments have failed to conceptualise the changes. We need a framework.

""What is the framework? It is ‘Australia in Transition’ strategically and economically. That's the story we have to
present.

""| think the Australian people are very conscientious. During the 1980s and 1990s we proved they will respond
conscientiously to necessary reforms. They mighin't like them but they'll accept them. But reforms have to be
presented in a digestible format.

""| Know that in the age of the internet, opinion and perpetual static it is difficult to get the message over. | accept
that. But the big messages have their own momentum. If we get the story of transition right then other things will find
their place.

“Our problem is what | call shooting-star policies. We have a policy on carbon pricing, on minerals, on boatpeople,
but they are not connected up to the big picture about Australia's direction and its transition.""

Pressed on whether he thinks the Australian Labor Party is in permanent decline, Keating defends Labor, insists it
doesn't have to decline but highlights the problem. ""Labor must recognise what it has created,” he says, invoking the
Hawke-Keating era. ""It has a created a new society and it has to be the party of the new society.

""It can't be the party of part of the old society. Labor must be the party of those people who gained from the pro-
market growth economy that we created. Labor must be open to the influences of this middle class, to people on
higher incomes. And | don't think it is.""

It is, perhaps, the clearest statement of Labor's problem. The party, in an act of strategic folly, abandoned the path
of its previous success. It turned inwards on itself, away from the community.

""At the operating level it's become the party of insiders,” Keating says. ""The problem is that members get too caught
up in the gift of faction managers and they get caught up in the false construct of popularity, the false god.""

Fixated by the nature of political leadership, Keating's book After Words shouts out: ""The great curse of modern
political life is incrementalism.""

Leaning across the table he says to me that briefing notes and economic texts aren't enough: the leader must locate
his own source of higher command and inner belief. He laments the efforts of US President Barak Obama and

German Chancellor Angela Merkel in the teeth of contemporary challenges.

“There is nothing preordained about American decline any more than the European project is destined to fail,"" he
writes.

""But the portents are not good. Despite the rhetoric, President Obama conducts himself as an arbitrator or mediator
between the competing strands of American economic and political ideology. He repeatedly eschews striking out,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029659
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022137.txt,"James PATTERSON F

On March 11, a devastating undersea earthquake and tsu-
nami move Japan’s main island by several feet, shifting the earth
on its axis. The destruction is horrific and unprecedented. But {
on March 13, the Daily Mail devotes four pages and seven sepa-
rate articles to Prince Andrew. That same day, the Telegraph runs
three pieces, and the Sunday Times runs a two-page spread head-
lined GUN SMUGGLER BOASTS OF SWAY OVER ANDREW.
On March 14, the Guardian runs one more piece about a 3
Andrew’s troubles. .
PRINCE ANDREW DOMINATES HEADLINES DESPITE THE EARTHQUAKE,

the headline reads.

Alan Dershowitz: Septen

, f the ongoing lawsuits ar
Sg millions left to spare. Mea
| ; whether Epstein trafficked
‘f _ seems to be going nowhere. 4
i ning to look as if Epstein is fir
But for Epstein’s friend an
itz, things are about to get ver
At the start of 2008, Brad
| lawyer, had filed a motion in z
| of two unnamed women accu:
showitz of participating direct
a | Prince Andrew had had no
| ; itz had objected to the accu
B terms.

_ ‘There's absolutely no kern

240 Fi

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022137
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013354.txt,"sexually assaulted these girls, he had committed several serious torts against them and would be
liable to them for appropriate damages. See Preceding Undisputed Facts. Because of the
outrageousness of Epstein’s sexual abuse of minor girls, Edwards reasonably expected that
Epstein would also be liable for punitive damages to the girls. Because Edwards could show that
Epstein had molested children for years and designed a complex premeditated scheme to procure
different minors everyday to satisfy his addiction to sex with minors, the punitive damages
would have to be sufficient to deter him from this illegal conduct that he had engaged in daily for
years. Epstein was and is a billionaire. See Complaint, §49 (referring to “Palm Beach
Billionaire”); see also Epstein Deposition, February 17, 2010, at 172-176 (Deposition
Attachment #7) (taking the Fifth when asked whether he is a billionaire). Accordingly, Edwards
reasonably believed the punitive damages that would have to be awarded against Epstein would
have been substantial enough to punish him severely enough for his past conduct as well as deter
him from repeating his offenses in the future. See Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit “N” at 719.

85. On July 6, 2010, rather than face trial for the civil suits that had been filed against
him by L.M., E.W., and Jane Doe, defendant Epstein settled the cases against him. The terms of
the settlement are confidential. The settlement amounts are highly probative in the instant action
as Epstein bases his claims that Edwards was involved in the Ponzi scheme on Epstein's inability
to ‘atte the L.M., E.W., and Jane Doe cases for ""minimal value"". His continued inability to
settle the claims for “minimal value” after the Ponzi scheme was uncovered would be highly
probative in discrediting any causal relationship between the Ponzi scheme and Edwards’s
settlement negotiations. See Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit “N” at 21.

Edwards Non-Involvement in Fraud by Scott Rothstein
36

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013354
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019319.txt,"Sent from my iPhone

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019319
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011923.txt,"COUNT IV —- EQUITABLE RELIEF FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS AND REVENUE - AS
TO DEFENDANTS TYLER MCDONALD AND MCDONALD D/B/A YI.ORG

71. The allegations contained in paragraphs | through 3 & 45 through 58 above are re-
alleged and incorporated herein by reference.
72. Plaintiff, through his agency MC2, has lost a significant amount of business revenue
because of the actions of Defendants McDonald d/b/a Yi.Org and McDonald set forth above.
73. Plaintiffs have no adequate legal remedy to make him whole as a result of the damages
suffered in the form of lost business revenue due to the actions of both Defendants.
74. Accordingly, Plaintiffs seek to become whole by the payment of damages by both
Defendants to compensate him for his losses.
WHEREFORE, PLAINTIFFS request judgment against DEFENDANTS as follows:

A. Damages in excess of fifteen-thousand dollars; tria! by jury and

B. Grant other such relief as is appropriate.

COUNT V — DEFAMATION AGAINST PLAINTIFFS — AS TO DEFENDANTS TYLER
MCDONALD AND MCDONALD D/B/A YLORG

75. The allegations contained in paragraphs | through 3 & 45 through 58 above are re-
alleged and incorporated herein by reference.

76. Defendants McDonald d/b/a Yi.Org and McDonald published or caused to be published,
false statements about Plaintiffs using their domain hosting service.

77. Defendants McDonald d/b/a Yi.Org and McDonald knew, or should have known, that the
statements about Plaintiffs were false.

78. These published statements were read by the internet users who viewed the false
statements.

79. Plaintiffs” business reputations were severely damaged as a result.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011923
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032915.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 11/14/2016 2:53:27 PM 
To: Thomas Jr., Landon 
Subject: Re: Trump 
Importance: High 
no intel but lots of profits 
On Mon, Nov 14, 2016 at 9:51 AM, Thomas Jr., Landon <____________________> wrote: 
Any further intel on Treasury? Priebus choice suggests to me that he may go for a bigger name in 
treasury than Mnuchin. Someone to underscore/push forward this notion that he is Reagan 2.0 (as 
some are suggesting). I am just not sure who that person would be. The Trump trade certainly seems 
to have legs -- all the Hillary loving hedgies I am talking to are congratulating themselves for making 
so much money last week. They are all Trump lovers now! 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.  
html  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032915 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020720.txt,"Sometimes, when the days get too gray and gloomy, you need a little pick-me-up before you can carry on, something that
would make you smile. Artist Valerie Minelli and her comic series about life aim to do just that. “If I can make one person

cheer up reading them, it’s a success,” claims the author of the drawings.

Despite the fact that they are drawn in black and white, the little illustrations are warm and quirky. Short and honest, the
comics should make your day a little brighter and maybe even remind you a little bit of yourself. Scroll down to read them

and check out our other comics about everyday life here and here.

More info: Instagram (h/t)

#1

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020720
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023660.txt,"Yemen and what are your interests? How do we communicate with him ?! his logic is that the Mahdi will
come and he must fertile the environment for the arrival of the Mahdi and they must control the Muslim
world. They deprive their people for more than thirty years of development and put him in the stage of
hunger and poor infrastructure to achieve this goal, they will not change their mind on the day and
night. Otherwise, their legislation will end within Iran. What are the points of convergence that can be
discussed with this system! They are almost nonexistent. This system has been tested at more than one
stage, in the time of Rafsanjani and it turned out to be just plays. After the Khomeini revolution, the
strategy of expansion came to anger the world and then the leader of the peace who was Rafsanjani
until he gained the confidence of the world, including us, he gained our confidence. After reaching
another stage and a good environment, an extremist leader is sent to continue the process of expansion,
such as what we saw with Ahmadinejad in Iraq, Syria and other locations. Then another leader comes to
preserve the gains to satisfy the world. And then an extremist commander comes in order to continue
the deployment of expansion, this will not happen, this is over. The believer is not bitten twice from a
hole. We have been bitten once, and we will not be bitten again. And we know that we are the main
goal of the Iranian regime, to access to the Muslim Qibla is the major goal of the Iranian regime. We will
never wait until the battle occurs in Saudi Arabia, but we will work to have the battle in Iran rather than
in Saudi Arabia.

* What do you think of the solution in Syria, how do you see?

- Syria is undoubtedly a very complex situation, no doubt that former US President Barack Obama
missed a lot of important opportunities that could have made a big change in Syria. Today, Syria has
become an international issue. Russia is present there and it is a superpower and a big country. The
United States of America exists and all five major countries are there. Any friction that may occurs
between these big powers could cause a crisis which is much bigger than the Middle East crisis, the
situation is very complex. Today we are trying to make the most gains for the interests of Saudi Arabia,
the interests of the Syrian people and the countries of the region.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023660
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025532.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025532
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030972.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 2/1/2019 4:11:28 PM
To: Michael Wo! [aaa
Subject: Re: FYI

Needs edit but... ic 36! M_ Ryboloev not known in 05, Talk later

On Fri, Feb 1, 2019 at 11:07 AM Michael Wolff (i wrote:

Books and newspaper accounts of Trump’s 45 years in business were full of his
shady dealings, and the presidency had only helped to highlight them and to surface even
juicier ones. Real estate was the world's favorite money laundering currency and Trump's
B-level real estate business was quite explicitly designed to appeal to money launderers.
What’s more, Trump’s own financial woes, and desperate efforts to maintain billionaire
lifestyle, cache, and market viability, forced him into constant and unsubtle
schemes. Practically speaking, you couldn’t miss him, as the Mueller investigation
appeared to be finding.

In November 2004, for instance, Jeffrey Epstein, the financier later caught in a scandal
involving under-age prostitutes, agreed to buy out of bankruptcy a house in Palm Beach,
Florida for $30 million—a house that had been on the market for two years. Epstein and
Trump had been close friends—playboys in arms, as it were—for more than a decade,
with Epstein often counseling Trump on his chaotic financial affairs. Epstein took Trump
to see the Palm Beach house to advise him on construction issues involved with moving a
swimming pool. As he prepared to finalize his deal for the house, an incredulous Epstein
Saw a severely cash-constrained Trump bid $41 million for the property, buying it
through an entity called Trump Properties LLC, financed by Deutsche Bank. Trump,
Epstein knew, had been renting his name, telling Epstein he ought to do the same—that
is, for an ample fee, Trump was willing to serve as a front man to disguise the actual
ownership in a real estate transaction. (This was, in effect, just another variation of
Trump’s basic business model of licensing his name for commercial properties owned by
someone else.) A furious Epstein, suspecting that the real owner was a Russian oligarch,
who Trump knew, Dmitry Rybolovlev—part of the close Putin circle of government-
aligned industrialists in Russia—threatened to expose the deal, then getting extensive
scrutiny in Florida papers. The fight became all the more bitter when, two months later,
the house was put on the market for $125 million. Well known to Trump, who often saw
Epstein at his current Palm Beach house, Epstein was visited almost every day, and had
been for many years, by girls who he paid for massages with happy endings—girls
recruited from local restaurants, strip clubs, and, also, Trump’s Mar-a-Lago. Just as the
threats and enmity of the two friends increased over the house sale, Epstein found
himself under investigation by local Palm Beach police. Epstein’s legal problems vastly
escalated as the house, with only minor improvements, was bought for $96 million by
Dmitry Rybolovlev. That is, Trump had either miraculously earned $55 million, without
putting up a dime, or Rybolovlev, or someone such as Rybolovlev, paid Trump Properties,
LLC—actual owner unknown—$96 million, thereby providing a clean payment of $55

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030972
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022766.txt,"From: Martin Weinberg [ 
Sent: 4/22/2015 7:03:52 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com]; Kathy Ruemmler...11.1........ 
CC: Martin Weinberg [ 
Subject: ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE 
Importance: High 
As just received. 
Martin G. Weinberg, Esq. 
20 Park Plaza, Suite 1000 
Boston, MA 02116 
cell 
This Electronic Message contains 
information from the Law Office of 
Martin G. Weinberg, P.C., 
and may be privileged. The 
information is intended for the 
use of the addressee only. If you 
are not the addressee, please note 
that any disclosure, copying, 
distribution, or use of the 
contents of this message is 
prohibited. 
--- On Wed, 4/22/15, Hill, James E. < > wrote: 
> From: Hill, James E. 
> Subject: FW: inquiry from '1111111.MI.ABC News re Jeffrey Epstein 
> To:'_______________________________________________ 
> Date: Wednesday, April 22, 2015, 1:57 PM 
> #yiv0232406113 
> #yiv0232406113 --
> 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022766 
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#yiv0232406113 Marty: With the understanding 
that we have not yet made determinations about what will or 
will not be included in our broadcast, here are the bullet 
points of the principal allegations Ms. 11111.11111•11111111111 
raised in the ABC interview regarding Mr. Epstein. I'm 
available on cell if you wish to discuss. 
We'd ask for your response as soon as possible - best if 
by close of business Friday. Thanks. And I'm 
always available to talk to you if you wish to communicate 
with us. 
She says in summer of 1999 when she was 
15 - Ghislaine Maxwell approached and asked her if she was 
interested in a job as a masseuse. 
She says she was later (that same day) 
driven by her father to Epstein's Palm Beach residence, 
where she massaged Epstein with Maxwell's guidance, and 
then she says she was made to have sex, to include 
intercourse, with Epstein. At conclusion she says 
was paid $200 and driven home by a butler.. 
She says she quit her job and went to 
work for Epstein within a couple of weeks 
encounter. 
She says Epstein always knew how old 
she was andliiiiiiiiiifically that she, Epstein and 
celebrated 16th b-day together. 
She says Epstein paid her for the 
encounters and for her apartment and car• 
She says she would be expected to have 
sexual relations with Epstein up to several 
day• 
She says there was an 
number of other girls 
> young as 12. 
> she says she was given money by Epstein 
> to go out and recruit other young girls for him.• 
> she says that while she was free to 
> come and go - she felt like she was under his control and 
> she didn't want to disappoint Epstein.. 
> She says Epstein required her, and paid 
> her, to have sex with many of his friends. • 
> She says these people included 
> politicians, royalty, educators. 
> She says she had sex -or sexual 
> activities - with Prince Andrew on three occasions - at 
> the instruction of Epstein • 
> She says Epstein paid her $15,000 after 
> the 1st of the three alleged encounters with 
> Prince Andrew. 
> She says that Epstein showed her a 
> video room in his NY home which had monitors showing cameras 
> in many locations in the home. 
> She suggests Epstein made videos of 
> underage girls with other people for purposes of potential 
1.0in;} 
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{font-family:Symbol;} 
{font-family:Wingdings;} 
{font-family:Symbol;} 
{font-family:Wingdings;} 
she 
of the first 
times a 
Maxwell 
uncountable 
in similar situation to her, some as 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022767 
> blackmail • 
> She says that Epstein liked her to 
> dress up in outfits, including bondage and schoolgirl 
> outfits. 
> She says she met Bill Clinton on 
> Epstein's island in the USVI. She does not specify a 
> date but says she is 100% sure it was Clinton and it was on 
> the island. She says she ate dinner with Epstein and 
> Clinton but alleges nothing further regarding Clinton.. 
> She says one person - who she 
> wouldn't name - that Epstein loaned her out to - 
> physically assaulted and raped her. She says this 
> happened on Epstein's island, and that she had been sent 
> by Epstein - alone -to meet this person . She says she 
> screamed but no one came to her aid. She says she feared 
> for her life. She says she told Epstein about the 
> alleged beating and rape afterwards and she said he didn't 
> care.. 
> She says Epstein and Maxwell asked her 
> to have a child for them and to sign a document signing away 
> the rights to the child in the event that she and Epstein 
> had a falling out. She says she refused this 
> request.. 
> She says Epstein has a sick problem, is 
> a pedophile, a dangerous man who should not be walking 
> free -----Original 
> message----- 
> From: Martin Weinbera 
> • Sent: Wednesday, 
> April 22, 2015 1:44 PM 
> To: Hill, James E. 
> Cc: Martin Weinberg 
> Subject: 
> Re: inquiry from ABC News re Jeffrey Epstein James, just confirming 
> that you are sending me the bulletpoints from the interview 
> you are asking about, thanksMartyMartin G. Weinberg, 
> Esq. 20 Park Plaza, Suite 
> 1000 Boston, MA 02116 cell 
Electronic Message 
> contains information from the Law 
> Office of Martin G. Weinberg, P.C., 
> and may be privileged. The 
> information is intended 
> for the use of the addressee only. 
> If you are not the addressee, 
> please note 
> that any 
> disclosure, copying, distribution, or use of 
> the contents of this message 
> is prohimi-Pd --------------------------------------------On Tue, 4/21/15, Hill, 
> James E. <_______________________________ 
> wrote: Subject: inquiry from ABC 
> News re Jeffrey E stein To: "" 
> ' 
Date: Tuesday, April 21, 
> • 2015, 4:36 PM 
> Greetings. 
> This is James Hill 
> of ABC News. I write to you regarding Jeffrey Epstein - and 
> your representation of him in the CVRA case in which he 
> is an intervener. ABC News has recently conducted an on-camera 
> interview with (formerly known as Jane 
> Doe #3), portions of which are very likely to be airing on 
> Good Morning America and other ABC programs this week. We would like to offer you an opportunity 
> to respond to the allegations she has raised about Mr. 
> Epstein. Can you tell me who among you I should be in contact 
> with? Should you wish to make a statement or respond in 
> any other manner - I will need it by close-of-business 
> Wednesday. Thanks kindly,James Hill James 
> HillABC News Producer190 N. State St.Chicacio IL 
> 606 (cell (cell 
> (ofc) 
This 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022768 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022769 
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014714.txt,"Esa Origins 7 February 24 — 26, 2017
PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop
Challenges of Artificial Intelligence:

Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

In early prototypes, information was provided visually to the healthcare provider. However, it was
quickly discovered that if audible feedback was provided — as if the Al device was a consultant working
with the healthcare provider and the patient — the consultations were more efficient; patient
satisfaction levels were higher; and outcomes were more positive.

A large segment of health insurance sector sees early wins in supporting the technology, through the
ability to decrease insurance claims through efficient and preventative interventions, while maintaining
high premiums. As such, they push for early and widespread adoption of the technology. This is further
supported by the Department of Health and Human Services as it hits a number of goals, including
increasing health and well-being while reducing healthcare costs.

With the success of early implementations, new Al-based technologies are rapidly implemented into
subsequent generations of Al-consult. However, the commercial sector developing and using Al-
consult has shifted dramatically from the technology’s initial beginnings.

As the technology began to mature and lead to substantial savings in healthcare costs traditional
healthcare providers and health insurance companies begin to suffer. They resist the use of Al-consult
through a combination of lobbying for new policies and regulations limiting use, to marketing
campaigns persuading people of the critical importance of human interaction in healthcare. They forge
links with a number of advocacy groups opposed to widespread automation in society, and promote
the idea of Al-consult undermining human dignity and jobs creation. However, the health benefits and
cost savings of Al-consult are so compelling that these campaigns gain little traction. As a result,
companies that can not adapt, loose market share, and in some cases collapse.

In contrast, a number of healthcare companies, and a growing number of tech companies, take
advantage of the rapidly changing healthcare environment to promote preventative care using Al-
consult, and to take advantage of cost-effective healthcare approaches that lead to demonstrably
better outcomes than non Al-consult based approaches. As a result, by 2030, the healthcare provider
and insurance sector has undergone a disruptive transformation. What is especially notable is the
number of technology companies expanding into the healthcare business, and either partnering with
well-established healthcare providers, or forcing them out of the market. This shift in key players leads
to a marked change in approaches and attitudes toward healthcare provision.

By 2030 Al-consult systems have the ability to monitor their environment visually as well as audibly,
accurately picking up on and interpreting body language and micro-expressions. They have access to
rapidly growing databases of genetic profiles; proteome, microbiome and other ohmic profiles;
purchasing, eating and lifestyle habits; medical, insurance, financial and legal histories; social media;
and location, movement, and other dynamic activity/physiology histories (through the growing use of
cloud-based quantified self services). Despite privacy, legal and social justice concerns over Al access to

18

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014714
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container"", ""role"":""container"", ""type"":""container""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
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body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""But China will be hard to quit. From zippers and rivets on
jackets and jeans to the minerals used in iPhones, China makes or processes many of the
ingredients that go into todaya€™s consumer goods. It has a dependable source of
workers who know how to hold down factory jobs. It has reliable roads and rail lines
connecting suppliers to assembly plants to

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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"":""Countries like Vietnam and Cambodia, by contrast, lack
Chinaa€™s vast supplier base and dependable roads. More workers have to be trained.

Many companies have to start from scratch."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""identifier""™:

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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"":""Getting the pink ballet slippers and black jazz shoes out

to places like the United St
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production in Phnom Penh. Transporting the shoes to places like the United States takes
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Inside, hundreds of workers cut leather from Brazil, then
glue and carefully pinch, gather and hammer it into soles. The work could be partly

body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text""™:""

automated, but the labor is
cheap.""
2"", ""layout"": ""ComponentLayout

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factory to find several unio
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/international/china-jobs-donald-trump-.html?partner=applenewséad
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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"": ""Companies are not looking to leave China just because of

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028339
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021358.txt,"this perspective, people believe in God
because it is so easy to believe in
invisible supernatural presence, and the
great religions are elaborations around
this basic core. !

Belief in the Invisible

Yet it is also true that in many
ways it is hard for people to believe in
the invisible, intentional being of God, at
least in some ways and at some times. It
is one thing to believe in the abstract that
there is a good and loving God; it is
another thing to believe that this God
loves you in particular this very
afternoon when your car has broken
down in the rain. Many Christians
struggle at some point with whether God
exists or with whether they understand
God’s nature. A young man may come
to university as a devout Christian, take
a course on religion, and begin to
wonder whether Christ as well as
Krishna are cultural constructions. A
depressed woman may understand
herself as devout, but find that when she
sits down to pray she feels that no one is
listening to her prayers. And always
there are times when terrible things
happen to good and faithful people who
often continued to believe in God in the
abstract, but who find that they can not
longer pray at all. The struggle between
espoused religion (the religion one
asserts; the Nicene creed) and lived
religion (the way in which one
experiences God from moment to
moment) is central to the life of the
Christian, and perhaps to the lives of
most believers.

The problem for believers is that
to experience the Christian God as
present, one must override three basic
features of human psychology, features
that are also part of our evolutionary
inheritance. A person must override the

112

Page

expectation that our minds are private,
an expectation so substantial that
researchers have shown that it develops
around the world at a more or less
similar age and can be found even in
non-human primates. A person must
override the expectation that persons are
visible. And finally, a person must
override the expectation that love is
conditional, as it is for all social beings
beyond a certain age, when right
behavior is expected as a condition of
human interaction. At least, some
versions of Christianity expect
unconditional love.

The deep puzzle of faith is not
why but how. How is it possible that
people are able to violate such
fundamental expectations of presence?
The answer, in part, is that they do not.
For most Christians, it will be a lifelong
process to believe in all times and in all
ways that their God is real for them in
the way that their church tells them that
God is real. As the psalmist laments:
“how long wilt thou forget me, Oh Lord?
For ever? How long wilt thou hide thy
face from me?” (Psalm 13: 1). What they
do to make God plausible for them
depends upon their understanding of
God and on what the social world of a
faith teaches about how to experience
their minds and bodies to find evidence
for God’s presence.

Learning to Sense the Presence of God

In 2004 I set out to study
ethnographically the way God becomes
real for people in a church that would
exacerbate the cognitive burden of
belief. I chose an example of the new
Protestant church that grew up after the
1960s. * Those churches set out as an
invitation to experience God as
concretely and as vividly as God had
been experienced by the earliest

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021358
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023106.txt,"White Collar Titan Reid Weingarten on Juries Clients and the Scariest Federal Prosecutor... Page 5 of 5

Ted Wells [at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison] and | did Mike Espy together. That
was probably the first huge national trial | had as a defense lawyer. Espy was a very
promising former congressman from Mississippi who [Bill] Clinton made secretary of
Agriculture. It was very controversial because traditional, white hidebound farmers were not
crazy about Mike Espy being secretary, and he was charged with taking bribes from Don
Tyson. It was a huge trial, and | think there were 35 counts of not guilty on everything. That
put me in a different place. I’m friends with Espy to this day, and very close friends with Ted
Wells.

LD: Do you wind up being friends with many of your clients?

RW: Some, certainly not all. For many, even when there’s an acquittal, the experience is so
harrowing that they want to close that chapter. To maintain a relationship with me would
hamper that closure for them.

With opposing counsel—these days, that’s prosecutors—one of two things happens. We
become close friends or we never speak again. There’s no middle ground.

LD: Tell me a little about the See Forever Foundation and how it came into existence.

RW: By accident of history, [former Attorney General] Eric Holder and | are extremely close.
We grew up together in the Justice Department and had offices next to each other for many
years in the public integrity section. We're like family. We used to go to Oak Hill, which was
then this dreadful juvenile justice facility in Maryland, and teach and tutor in the jail.

We came to the conclusion that one-third of these kids are hopelessly gone, we can’t fix
them no matter what, too much damage. One-third who knows, but one-third we could fix.
These were the kids with the bright eyes and quick wit, usually drug runners. We made a
commitment and we started the foundation. David Domenici, the son of the senator from
New Mexico, and James Forman Jr., son of the famous civil rights leader, they deserve the
credit. Reid Weingarten does not. | started it. Eric had to drop by the wayside when he
became the U.S. attorney [for the District of Columbia], because he had to prosecute these
kids. It was an obvious conflict. He’s been a supporter in his heart since then.

But David Domenici and James Forman are phenomenally gifted lawyers who for 20 years
threw their lives at this. They brought Maya Angelou in. Bob Strauss of Akin Gump gave us
a million bucks, and we bought a building on Ninth Street in the Shaw neighborhood. That

was a huge turning point.

We took over the education at Oak Hill, turned it around, and right now it’s a model for the
country. We are also a large public charter school. Frankly, it’s had its ups and downs. But

when | put my head down for the last time and think about what I’ve done and not done, the
See Forever experience will be one of the things that gives me the most satisfaction.

Contact Jenna Greene at jgreene@alm.com or on Twitter @jgreenejenna.

Copyright 2015. ALM Media Properties, LLC. All rights reserved.

http://www litigationdaily.com/printerfriendly/id=1202736534962 9/8/2015
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023106
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025254.txt,"Global economic outlook — Summary

Key questions

e What are the prospects for the global economy in 4Q 2012 and 1Q 2013?

© What are the risks that the US economic recovery will falter in the near term?
e When is the European economy likely to emerge from contraction?

e What is the near-term outlook for the Chinese economy?

CIO View (Probability: 75%*) Sluggish expansion
¢ Global economic activity has shown signs of improvement over the last month — albeit from a low base. Importantly,
the JPM global composite PMI (a survey measuring economic activity) rose significantly to 52.5 in September from 50.9
in August. The increase was driven by improvements in both manufacturing and service sector activity. Thus, the
global manufacturing PMI rose marginally to 48.9 from 48.1, while the services PMI jumped two index points to 54.

* Geographically, improvements were concentrated in the emerging markets and the US. Indeed, we think that
downside risks in the US have diminished lately and we expect the moderate recovery to continue ahead. Chinese data
are still mixed, but we think that an improvement in the economic momentum is in the cards in 4Q. In the EMU and
UK, recent PMI surveys deteriorated but we still expect the EMU to improve gradually in coming quarters. Overall, we
expect the moderate improvement in global economic activity to continue ahead. A key driver here is the latest wave
of ultra-expansionary monetary policy. Downside risks have diminished somewhat in recent months. We expect Greece
to stay in the euro this year and sign a new memorandum in November. In the US modest fiscal tightening is expected
with the Fed mitigating downside growth risks. The risk of an idiosyncratic slowdown in Asia has declined as the latest
Chinese data confirms that the economy has bottomed.""

¢ Global consumer price inflation peaked in summer 2011 and has since fallen gradually. Base effects and rising
commodity prices since June may push up the global headline rate of inflation in coming months.

A Positive scenario (Probability: 10%*) Return to long-term trend
¢ The Eurozone crisis abates. Financial market conditions recover, mitigating the drag from fiscal austerity.

¢ Growth in Western Europe turns decisively positive by early 2013 and the US economy grows above trend.

& Negative scenario (Probability: 15%*) Recession
¢ There are three key downside risks to the global economy: 1) a significant escalation of the Eurozone debt crisis; 2) a
sharp fiscal contraction in the US, and 3) a sharp deceleration of the Chinese economy. Each of these risks could
precipitate a significant downturn of the global economy.

Key dates

TBA Troika report on Greece

2 Nov Nonfarm payrolls and unemployment rate for October

6 Nov US presidential and congressional elections

8 Nov The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
22-23 Nov European Council

2 UBS

Global growth expected to be around 3% in
2012 and 2013

Real GDP growth in % Inflation in %

2011 2012F — 2013F 2011 2012F — 2013F

Americas US. 1.8 2A 2:3 3.1 21 Ved
Canada 24 2.0 23 2.9 2.0 2.3

Brazil DoD 1.5 45 6.5 5.4 6:5:
Asia/Pacific Japan -0.8 23 2.0 -0.3 0.0 0.3
Australia 21 3:7 3:2 3.4 ra 25

China 9.3 LS 78 5.4 2.8 3.6

India 65 Biol 65 8.0 WES 7.0

Europe Eurozone RS) -0.4 0.2 2 24 1.9
Germany 3.1 exe) tl 25 17 1.5

France 1 0.2 04 Zh 20) ies

Italy 0.5 -2.4 -0.2 29 3.3 27

Spain 04 -1.6 -1.7 om 24 ah

UK 0.9 -0.3 1.0 45 27 23)

Switzerland 128 ts 14 0.2 -0.5 Te

Russia 43 3.8 37 85 5.1 6.8

World 32 27 Bul Be) 29) 3.0)

Source: UBS CIO, as of 24 October 2012

In developing the ClO economic forecasts, ClO economists
worked in collaboration with economists employed by UBS
Investment Research. Forecasts and estimates are current
only as of the date of this publication and may change
without notice.

Services and manufacturing diverging
(Global PMls, 3-month moving averages)

65
60
55
50 |

45 | =<Manufacturing Services
40 — Composite —No-change line
35

08 09 10 11 12

Source: Bloomberg, UBS CIO, as of September 2012

Note: Past performance is not an indication of future returns.
*Scenario probabilities are based on qualitative assessment.

For further information please contact ClO economist Dirk Faltin, dirk.faltin@ubs.com and ClO economist Ricardo Garcia, ricardo-za.garcia@ubs.com a

Please see important disclaimer and disclosures at the end of the document.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025254
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018328.txt,"drives with meaningless ones and zeros, spread onto millions of computers. Once a
machine was infected the overwrite command would activate every year on March
6th — a twisted celebration of the birthday of the great Renaissance artist. But
because the program operated at the BIOS level - the basic input/output heart of
those early machines - it was nearly impossible to eradicate. Computer security
companies, soon to be known as computer “insecurity” companies because they
were (and are) constantly behinder, responded with the following rather

unconvincing advice: Turn your machine off on March 5, Turn it back on March
7th 132

Even the biggest, most powerful companies were shipping programs packed with
potential problems, cracks that were often baked into the design of a system,
invisible even to their makers. A couple of years after the Hac-Tic conference, for
example, a popular word processing program included a feature that could permita
surreptitious hacker to make a computer to execute all sorts of nefarious commands
once a user had opened a harmless-looking document. This was sort of like shipping
hundreds of millions of door locks that would pop easily open for criminals who
knew to ask. Did you use a word processor in the 1990s? Likely your machine faced
this danger: You’d open a note from a friend or a memo from your boss and you'd
then instantly, unstoppably forfeit control of your computer, even if you didn’t know
or see or feel the impact for years. That problem was fixed - companies learned to
issue what became known as “patches” to plug the inadvertent leaks in their
systems — but that such a danger existed and could be profitably used was a sign of
aruthless evolution. There were billions of dollars, even then, at stake.

As technology advanced, so did the malware, which was adapting and evolving to
new opportunities. Think of how hugely different our experience of machines is
today as opposed to just a few years ago. Hacking has matured as fast - maybe
faster. Early attacks were aimed at machines that had, essentially, no defenses.
Programs like “Michelangelo” were designed to act much like the viruses of a
common cold or food poisoning. They sickened and then controlled individual
machines, devices with no immune systems. Hackers faced a challenge in finding
ways to sneak these digital diseases onto computers, but of course they finally found
holes. They hid viruses on floppy disks or inside documents or spread-sheets that
appeared otherwise safe. Intelligence agencies became infamous for passing out
“free disks” at conferences or littering defense contractor parking lots with infected
USB sticks, waiting for some unsuspecting employee to pop them into a computer
and invisibly activate some bit of carefully installed, hidden malware. Or, in a clever
case of “know your target”, sneaking malware into the code of some particularly
violent video game, sure to be played by an adrenaline-addled system administrator
in a fit of afterhours boredom.

132 Turn it back on: For a discussion of Michaelangelo see entry for virus in
Encyclopedia of Computer Science 4 Ed. (Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ),
1839-1841,

96

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018328
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018761.txt,"=

GILESSTREET-

Improvements and Access

Hy or poly 4

ity BS Existing streets bound all sides of the
f aM e ges et | Site provide excellent access. Las Vegas
“A. Skywue |

Boulevard South is a fully improved six
lane arterial with two main traffic lanes
in each direction where it fronts the
Site. East Mandalay Bay Road is a fully
improved two lane collector streets with
one traffic lane in each direction. Haven
Street is a fully improved two lane street
with one traffic lane in each direction.

<Constrliction

Jsmart (a i Bee
.- chal eaecee tel Unidevelgped jf

HEE GE

“HOUSE _OVERSIGHT_ 018761
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016103.txt,"Index 413

Marx, Groucho 153, 382
Massachusetts 89
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) 25, 165, 168, 307
Masters, John 54
mathematical proofs 156
mathematical theorems xi
mathematicians
Polish 211
mathematics 153
axiom 198
equivalence 200
flat problem 164
future of 196
game of 200
how to count 180
inconsistency defense 207
inconsistency in 204
indirect proof 244
infinity 179
linear problem 164
long multiplication 240
Lucas argument 205
mathematical creativity 309
non-deterministic polynomial problems
165
Peano axioms 199, 205
prime numbers 243
PSPACE problem 168
traveling salesman problem 166
truth and rules 193, 200, 206
Matiyasevich, Yuri 248, 251
Mattapoisett 89
Maude, Isabel 14
Maxwell 298
Mayan astronomers 70
maze 164, 165
McChrystal, General Stanley A 54
McGinn, Colin 324
McGurk Effect 114
McLaughlin, Dan 37
Mehrabian, Albert 84
memory 11, 14, 90, 118
digital 130
photographic memory 119
visio-spacial 28
with age 120
memory management 250
meninges 97
meningitis 14

Merchant of Death 366
Merilees, Philip 170
Mesopotamia 87
metre 28
micro-expression analysis 84
microphones 289
Microsoft 237
Microsoft Word 135
microtubules 124, 281
Miles, Andrew 368
Millennium Falcon 348
Milliken 394
Minds, Machines and Gédel 205
Minessale, Anthony 265
Ming Dynasty 15
mirror neurons 116
Mirzakhani, Maryam 368
Mitra, Sugata 35
monkey 129

moon shot story 144
monkeys and typewriters 254
Monty Python 93
Moon Base 348
Moore, Gordon 18
Moore's Law 18
Morgan, Edwin 138, 142
Morse code 336
motor cortex 31
Mozart 246, 298
MRI scan 69, 104
multiplication

long 240
Munduruku tribe 181
Murphy’s Law 226
muscle memory 90
muscles 117, 192
music 113

computers and 258
musical compositions 8
myelin 31,118

N

Napoleonic wars 129

NASA 59

Native American 89

Navier Stokes Hypothesis 238
nebula 174

Negroponte, Nicolas 35
neural network 116, 121, 280

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016103
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026266.txt,"From: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
Sent: 2/25/2018 11:42:49 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Trump doesn't like him 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Feb 25, 2018, at 3:36 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Yes We have become friends you will like him 
On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 6:36 AM Sultan Bin Sulayem <MI> wrote: 
Is that Steve Bannon? 
Sent from my iPhone 
> On Feb 23, 2018, at 9:14 AM, Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
> <IMG-7184.jpg> 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026266 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029155.txt,"﻿FORGIVE ME FOR CONTINUING WITH PETER’S RESPONSE TO MY RESPONSE TO GORDON’S TWO POSTS. 

I HAVE LEARNED DIRECTLY FROM PETER BUT MORE OFTEN INDIRECTLY—HE HAS FORCED ME TO THINK THROUGH MATTERS AND IDENTIFY EXACTLY WHERE HE IS WRONG.

I AM FINISHED WITH THAT NOW. LIFE IS SHORT AND MINE IS GETTING SHORTER BY THE DAY, SO I WILL REPEAT MY PIECE AND PETER’S RESPONSE TO IT (IN YELLOW) AND THEN MY CURRENT RESPONSE—IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

I AM ALSO ADDING TWO NAMES TO GORDON’S LIST. DAVID HAIG WHO IS A BRILLIANT EVOLUTIONARY GENETICIST AT HARVARD AND JEFFREY EPSTEIN WHO IS A BRILLIANT FUND AND INVESTMENT MANAGER (PALM BEACH, NYC, US VIRGIN ISLANDS) WITH BROAD SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS.

----  

Dear Gruterites 

Gordon has now brought the argument full circle and given the project a larger meaning.  The most powerful nation on earth, with the greatest power to vent harm—or, in theory, confer benefits—is ruled by an organism that fits the definition of a psychopath—of the narcissistic kind—or a malevolent narcissist. This presents serious dangers that need to be addressed.

Peter Richerson has made several valuable points:

1—Causality could go entirely in the other direction than the one I suggested—people avoid more psychopathic relatives the more experience they have had due to closer relatedness. And the paper I attached does not allow discrimination.  The fact that psychopaths show only a weak and insignificant tendency to migrate further from place of birth is mildly interesting but has nothing to do with who is causing any difference in migration.

As far as I can think it through, selection pressures on psychopaths and relatives of psychopaths should be roughly equal and therefore equally likely. Peter is biased toward reaction by others, perhaps because of his bias toward “cultural” explanations. First, psychopaths always have the first move in the co-evolutionary struggle and relatives getting out of the way is the next move. Secondly, it is very easy for a psychopath to simply discriminate against harming his relatives but harder for them to study and react. Peter claims that they are often spotted early in life which I heartily doubt.


<<On why cultural explanations are important: It is, at root, a simple, fundamental Darwinian point. Evolution works on heritable variation. Human culture is much more variable than human genes, so the scope for cultural evolution is much greater than for genetic evolution. A simple example is the cultural adaptive radiation of humans in the Holocene. We recently spoke about 7,000 languages, most of them associated with more or less distinctive social and subsistence systems. A few languages—Spanish, English, Chinese—are spoken in societies with a great deal of internal social and economic diversity. Culturally we are sort of like thousands of species, but genetically we are only 1. To understand this adaptive radiation without understanding cultural evolution is impossible Boyd and I and our colleagues argue. On the longer time scale the whole human adaptation is all about exploiting cultural evolution to adapt to spatial and temporal variation. See Boyd’s and my Not By Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution (Chicago, 2005) for the argument in full. Putting scare quotes around culture is simply whistling past the graveyard. If you are a Darwinian you ought to follow the variation, no?


WELL, IS CULTURAL ARGUMENTATION SUFFICIENT WITHOUT GENETIC LOGIC?  FOR EXAMPLE, WE KNOW THAT LANGUAGE AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY PER UNIT AREA IS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH INTENSITY OF PARASITE SELECTION. THE STRONGER SUCH SELECTION, THE MORE YOU ARE SELECTED TO AVOID STRANGERS WHO MAY BE CARRYING PARASITES TO WHICH THEY ARE ADAPTED BUT NOT YOURSELF.  

IN GENERAL PETER—AS WITH HIS ILK—SEEMS OBLIVIOUS TO THE POWERFUL EFFECTS OF C0-EVOLVING PARASITES ON HUMAN SOCIAL EVOLUITON IN THE PAST 40,000 YEARS.  FOR EXAMPLE, PHONEME DIVERSITY HAS BEEN SHOWN TO OBEY THE SAME RULE AS GENETIC DIVERSITY—AS “WE” MOVED OUT OF ARICA IN THE LATEST WAVE ABOUT 100,000 YEARS AGO—SERIAL FOUNDER EFFECTS REDUCED GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ALSO PHONEMIC DIVERSITY STEADILY FROM THE COMPLEX CLICK-SOUNDS OF THE !KUNG BUSHMEN TO SOUTH AMERICAN LANGUAGES. A VERY RECENT PAPER SHOWS THE MATTER IS MORE COMPLEX IN AN INTERESTING WAY.


“It is, at root, a simple, fundamental Darwinian point. Evolution works on heritable variation. Human culture is much more variable than human genes, so the scope for cultural evolution is much greater than for genetic evolution.”


THIS IS PURE BULLSHIT

THERE IS NO UNIT OF HERITABLE CULTURAL VARIATION. THIS IS JUST A METAPHOR. CAN YOU NAME A UNIT THAT REMAINS CONSTANT OVER AN INDIVIDUAL’S LIFETIME AND THEN IS INHERITED UNCHANGED, ABSENT RECOMBINGATION? OF COURSE NOT. BUT THAT WOULD A TRULY DARWINIAN SYSTEM… 

INCIDENTALLY CANCER DOES EVOLVE IN US BUT IT IS A ONE-GENERATION WONDER, BEING ONLY PASSED ON IN ONLY A COUPLE OF SPECIES OF THE DOG FAMILY (where it has become a sexually transmitted disease). IN OURSELVES IT EVOLVES GENETICALLY IN ONE LIFETIME AND WE KNOW THE UNITS THAT ARE SELECTED FOR. PROBLEM IS THAT THERE ARE AN ALMOST INFINITE VARIETY OF CANCERS AND AS WE LEARN TO TREAT ONE, OTHERS COME TO THE FORE.


The evidence for early onset of psychopathic and related symptoms is fairly convincing. See:
Frick, P. J., & White, S. F. (2008). Research Review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 359-375. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x
The current paper reviews research suggesting that the presence of a callous and unemotional interpersonal style designates an important subgroup of antisocial and aggressive youth. Specifically, callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt, absence of empathy, callous use of others) seem to be relatively stable across childhood and adolescence and they designate a group of youth with a particularly severe, aggressive, and stable pattern of antisocial behavior. Further, antisocial youth with CU traits show a number of distinct emotional, cognitive, and personality characteristics compared to other antisocial youth. These characteristics of youth with CU traits have important implications for causal models of antisocial and aggressive behavior, for methods used to study antisocial youth, and for assessing and treating antisocial and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents.


NONSENSE—THE AUTHORS ARE NOT EVEN TALKING ABOUT PSYCHOPATHiC BEHAVIOR BUT RATHER ‘AGGRESSIVE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR’


I don’t know of any real data that can be used to estimate how selection falls on psychopaths and their relatives, only anecdotes. Anecdotally, psychopaths make lousy mates and parents, suggesting that relatives do indeed suffer from having a psychopathic relative. In simple societies individuals who seem like psychopaths are often exiled or assassinated often with the assent of their families. If psychopathy is in a frequency dependent equilibrium, selection on family members that might share genes (or culture) for psychopathy would be part of the selection against it. pjr>>

TRUMP IS NOT THE PERFECT MATE BUT IS HE REALLY A ‘LOUSY FATHER’?—ASK HIS CHILDREN, IVANKA, DONALD JR ETC—THEY SURE DON’T ACT LIKE THEY HATE HIM. HOW ABOUT VICTIMS OF HINDU AND MUSLIM HONOR KILLINGS WHO ARE ‘ASSASSINATED’ ‘WITH THE ASSENT OF THEIR FAMILIES’—ARE THE VICTIMS PSYCHOPATHS OR ARE THEIR KILLERS? FOR THE EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF HONOR KILLINGS—SEE BELOW. NOTE THAT CULTURAL PEOPLE HAVE OFFERED LITTLE OR NOTHING OF VALUE ON THIS SUBJECT BUT EVOLUTINARY GENETICS AT ONCE SUGGESTS AN INTERESTING AND VERY STRONG EFFECT.

2— His suggestion that chimpanzee dominance hierarchies consist of a version of psychopathy is utterly novel to me and most interesting. I had always thought of dominance hierarchies as being associated with tyranny and despotism—but are these not often associated with psychopathy?!


<<Yes, dominants seem to be pretty callous, lacking in empathy, and out for themselves. Human evolution involves getting something like psychopathy from near fixation down to a low roar. See my former students and my 2016 BBS paper. It is on my web site. pjr>>

“NEAR FIXATION”—SEZ WHO?  OH YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS—NOW THAT’S A SURPRISE.

Consider the “Butcher of Bagdad” Saddam Hussein or the sadistic Basir Assad. The only thing they didn’t do is specialize in rape, although Saddam’s son Uday did and we can be sure each had greater than average reproductive success but note how sensitive each is to degree of relatedness writ large. Saddam was most biased toward people that came from his place of birth, along the Tigrit River, then people in the surrounding province and then Sunnis over Shia. 

Since he was willing to kill others on a large scale—200,000 Shia slaughtered when the idiotic first Bush allowed Saddam to retain his Airforce after we had marched to Bagdad after flinging Saddam’s troops out of Kuwait. Or for that matter, Saddam’s attack on Shia Iran which claimed more than a million lives on both sides.


<<Psychiatrists discourage the diagnosis of leaders without proper clinical interviews, especially on the part of layfolk. I would not defend the above guys, but I think it is important to understand that the fractious, low trust, multi-ethnic, multi-confessional turf they ruled would lead to psychopath-like behavior even if those leaders were clinically sane. GW Bush’s (and Obama’s re Gaddafi and drone assassinations) big mistake was assuming that once the bad leaders were toppled the problem was mainly solved. In Afghanistan, Libya, and Iraq, decapitating the bad guys hasn’t worked very well even when we go at it wholesale as in drone assassinations. Getting Assad out of the way in Syria will not solve the bitter Sunni/Shia/Kurdish/secular feuding there. The American attempts to do good, if that is even the correct characterization, in the Middle East has been a fiasco. We need to learn from our errors I reckon. One general definition of insanity is doing the same thing again and again and expecting a different result. US attempts to police bits of Asia (small, poor bits at that) have not succeeded since the stalemate in Korea. And yet we keep thinking that we can make the apparently unworkable work.  pjr>>


I FEEL CERTAIN I HAVE HAD FAR MORE EXPERIENCE WITH PSYCHIATRISTS THAN PETER HAS.  AM I A “LAY PERSON”?  WHO KNOWS?  IF ALL NON-PSYCHIATRISTS ARE LAY PEOPLE THEN PSYCHIATRISTS ARE MERELY PUFFING THEMSELVES UP AND ROPING THEMSELVES OFF, SOMETHING THEY HAVE BEEN DOING SINCE THE TIME OF FREUD.


“One general definition of insanity is doing the same thing again and again and expecting a different result.”

NOT REALLY—THIS IS A FAMOUS JOKE OF EINSTEIN’S BUT, HEY, WHO’SE COUNTING?


TRUMP AS AN ORGANISM—AS SEEN BY A “LAY PERSON”

Strongly biased toward close family 
Strongly biased against distant relatives—a racist of the   
first rank
Extreme Narcissist 
A strategy of random moves—to fool others? and/or keep 
attention perpetually focused on him?—incredible how he will 
         go against THE NRA one day and invite in their leaders the 
following day
Lying continuously--very creative and obstinate—producing 
an entIre alternate universe, permitting him to reverse course 
and cover tracks at the same time

Minor matters:

Peter points out that Mealy (1995) was the first reference he knows of on psychopathy being under frequency dependent selection. An earlier paper, cited in the one I attached, developed the same argument—Harpending and Sobus 1987. 

Peter characterizes sickle cell anemia as a “crude adaptation to malaria”. Crude? In what sense?

A single copy of the sickle gene gives you anemia, in which the normal shape of the red blood cell—a flat round pill—changes under low oxygen tension into a sickle shape which crushes the malarial Plasmodium inside it.  The low oxygen tension is caused by the parasite itself, since it consumes oxygen in the red blood cell. The cell then quickly flips back into normal shape as the oxygen tension returns to normal levels. A sickle individual without malaria suffers no cost at all, since all red blood cells have oxygen tension well above the level that would cause sickling.

Sickle cell DISEASE by contrast refers to an individual with two sickle genes and this is a serious condition since there is extensive sickling in a person who is otherwise normal and lacks, for example, malaria. The survival rate of such individuals in Jamaica (where 10% of the population have a sickle gene and 1% two copies) is 57 years, a good 10+ years below normal—nor is life pleasant or easy.  This is the only crudity in the same, the failure to ameliorate the negative effects of two copies.

It is correct as Peter says, that relatively recent human invasion by malaria (~10,000 years ago) was probably in response to large population increases due to agriculture and so on.  This short time period has also prevented much selection to ameliorate the sickle cell disease. It is not true, however, that “it and many other crude adaptations” result from the “ability of the malarial parasites to outwit the immune system”. First of all, other “adaptations” are no more crude than the sickle trait. For example, the Duffy antigen, a surface protein on red blood cells, is designed to spot Plasmodium and prevent entry. And the parasite does not “outwit the immune system”. It is one of the very few Protozoa (or for that matter bacteria) that live WITHIN cells and thus escape the immune system entirely (except see below). Viruses live inside cells, precisely why we can’t use antibiotics against them.  

And here is a joke for you. Bacteria, as we know, are rapidly evolving resistance to almost all antibiotics but on many tips of the branches of the bacterial bush, species are evolving that DEPEND on antibiotics for their food—stop treating them with antibiotics and they die of hunger!

Plasmodium reproduces within its red blood cell and the offspring are released into the blood as the cell bursts. Now the immune system responds strongly and all hell breaks loose, fever and chills, bed-ridden and sometimes dead. When given a choice, mosquitos preferentially bite sick people, perhaps because they are too weak to swat the mosquitos away. Once in a mosquito, they do nothing to harm it other than congregate in its mouth near the biting organ, the better to arrive new human.

<<A more sophisticated adaptation could be had by duplicating the hemoglobin gene and selecting for haplotypes that have one normal and one sickling allele at the duplicated loci. This haplotype could evolve to fixation because everyone would functionally be the analog of a heterozygote. The production of hemoglobin from each locus would have to halved at the same time so as not to overproduce it. Perhaps the reason this adaptation has not yet evolved is due to the problem of needing the conjunction of two rare events, the duplication and downregulation, at one time. 






In general, I think maladaptations are common and interesting. After all, Darwinian’s strongest plank in the argument against creationism is the relative crudity of the materialistic evolutionary process. An Omniscient Designer would have duplicate and downregulated the hemoglobin gene in the face of malaria rather than wait for hundreds or thousands of generations for natural selection to get on with it. pjr>>

MY, MY—SO NOW WE ARE IN THE BUSINESS OF TELLING THE WORLD HOW GOD WOULD HAVE HANDLED THE WHOLE MATTER.  I BARELY UNDERSTAND MY LITTLE CORNER OF THE WORLD MUCH LESS THE MIND OF THE OMNISCIENT CREATOR. WHO SAYS SHE OR HE IS BIASED TOWARD HUMANS? PERHAPS SHE HAS AN AFFECTION FOR PLASMODIUM, AS IN HALDANE’S FAMOUS JOKETO WHEN ASKED BY A CLERIC WHAT A LIFETIME STUDY OF EVOLUTION HAD TAUGHT HALDANE ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE CREATOR—“AN INORDINATE FONDNESS FOR BEETLES”—AT THAT TIME, 1/3RD OF ALL ANIMAL SPECIES—300,000—WERE BEETLES.


I enjoyed Brian Mannix’s comment, most especially “Pseven”. His argument for cooperation is the same as that of Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations. Once a medium of exchange is introduced into a system of barter, itself a reciprocal relationship, it can be vastly extended, with specialization such that one individual no longer produces ten pencils/day, but ten people are specialized to produce a single pencil—and thus a thousand/day.  I too share an aversion to cultural/group selection though perhaps for other reasons.  But I side with Peter in feeling that male self-domestication is more important in damping male psychopathy than female choice—Richard Wrangham vs Sarah Hrdy among evolutionary anthropologists.

<<I don’t think scientists should have aversions to hypothesis. They should be cool analysts of data and models rather than depend on emotional hunches. I think our BBS paper at least establishes that cultural group selection is a viable explanation for human cooperation. If you think otherwise we describe how you can kill the hypothesis: show that (1) culture does not act as an inheritance system, or that (2) between group cultural variation is too low as it generally is for genetic variation, or that (3) cultural variation is not consequential for human competition, or that (4) human competition does not have a group-organized component. The trouble for your aversion is that the pretty plain evidence is that all four of these statements are counterfactual. pjr>>


Peter’s argument on reduction of inter-birth interval in humans again veers off into culture-land when one does not need it—paternal investment, grandmother investment and older sibling investment are all expected on genetic grounds. The authority on the subject is David Haig at Harvard. 


<<Humans are such funny old things! We create cultural institutions to manage things for which you and Haig say can, in theory, be managed by kinship and reciprocity. Marriage and kinship systems are a great example. Why do societies generally have one or a few marriage contracts and kinship systems on offer even tho marriage and kinship are quite variable cross-culturally? 

Why the devil do we bother with cultural institutions when plain old evolutionary biology ought to do the trick? There is at least arguably some slip between “in principle” and “in fact” that ought to make an evolutionist curious. I like this argument (see Rob’s or Sarah’s web site):

Mathew, S., Boyd, R., & Van Veelen, M. (2013). Human cooperation among kin and close associates may require enforcement of norms by third parties. In P. J. Richerson & M. Christiansen (Eds.), CulturalEvolution (pp. 45-60). Cambridge MA: MIT Press. pjr>>

IF THIS IS TRUE—THAT “HUMAN COOPERATION AMONG KIN” and also AMONG “CLOSE ASSOCIATES”—“MAY REQUIRE ENFORCEMENT OF NORMS BY THIRD PARTIES”, THEN I HAVE WASTED 40 YEARS OF MY LIFE ON THESE TOPICS.

THE MORE GENERAL PROBLEM WITH PETER’S BIAS IS THAT SO LITTLE OF INTEREST HAS EMERGED FROM CULTURAL ARGUMENTATION. CONTRAST GENETIC. FOR EXAMPLE, WE NOW KNOW THAT WHEN MATERNAL GRANDMOTHERS INVEST IN THEIR CHILDREN’S CHILDREN, BOTH GRANDDAUGHTERS AND GRANDSONS BENEFIT, WHILE WHEN PATERNAL GRANDMOTHERS DO THE INVESTING, GRANDDAUGHTERS BENEFIT WHILE GRANDSONS ARE HARMED.  THIS WAS PREDICTED BASED ON THE DIFFERENT WAY IN WHICH THE GRANDMOTHER’S X CHROMOSOME IS INHERITED IN THE TWO SYSTEMS. NO “CULTURAL” ARGUMENTATION HAS COME ANYWHERE CLOSE.

OR TAKE THE LOGIC OF SO-CALLED HONOUR KILLINGS, WHICH I HAVE NOW WORKED ON INTENSIVELY FOR TWO YEARS.  NOTHING OF USE FROM CULTURAL “THEORY” BUT A POWERFUL ARGUMENT BASED ON THE EFFECTS OF REPEATED FIRST COUSIN MARRIAGES IN MUSLIM SOCIETIES—AND IN HINDU SOCIETIES ENDOGAMOUS CASTES IN COMPETITION WITH EACH OTHER.  See my talk in Barcelona, Spain https://youtu.be/F_4Lr13rnx




"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013432.txt,"Page 1

@ LexisNexis’

6 of 11 DOCUMENTS

Copyright 2009 ProQuest Information and Learning
All Rights Reserved
ProQuest SuperText
Copyright 2009 Palm Beach Post
Palm Beach Daily News

September 20, 2009 Sunday
Dn Edition

SECTION: A SECTION; Pg. A.1

LENGTH: 1126 words

HEADLINE: ATTORNEY FOR EPSTEIN VICTIMS: 'THAVE NEVER SEEN A STRANGER CASE'
BYLINE: MICHELE DARGAN, MICHELE DARGAN, Daily News Staff Writer

BODY:

Sex offender Jeffrey Epstein could have been charged with multiple counts of five federal offenses involving sex
acts with minors and faced a life sentence, but, instead, the government agreed not to prosecute him or his procurers if
he spent 18 months in the county jail on two state charges.

Those were the details unsealed Friday in a nine-page federal non- prosecution agreement that lets Epstein and
co-conspirators Sarah Kellen, Adriana Ross, Lesley Groff and Nadia Marcinkova off the hook for any of those past
crimes.

""He could have gone to prison for life and somehow he's getting immunity in exchange for nothing?"" said Fort
Lauderdale attorney Brad Edwards, who represents three Epstein victims. ""I have never seen a stranger case. To me, it's
more spectacular what's not in it. It's the U.S. Attorney's Office saying we'll do everything in our power to see he doesn't
get punished.""

Edwards has been fighting for a year in federal and state court to unseal the agreement.

""The non-prosecution agreement raises more questions than it answers,"" said Miami attorney Adam Horowitz, who
represents seven victims. ""Why did all the co-conspirators receive immunity? Why were the victims not consulted re-
garding the sentence? Why did he receive such a minimal sentence?

The federal deal has remained sealed in Epstein's state court file since he pleaded guilty in June 2008 to state
charges of procuring a minor for prostitution and soliciting prostitution.

U.S. Attorney's Office does not comment

The federal charges he could have faced were: conspiracy to persuade minor females to engage in prostitution,
conspiracy to travel to engage in illicit sexual conduct with minor females, persuading minor females to engage in pros-
titution, traveling to engage in illicit sexual conduct with minor females and causing a person under 18 years to engage
in sex for money while knowing they are underage.

The charges carry various statutory penalities ranging from 10 years to life, with a minimum mandatory of at least
10 years.

Alicia Valle, spokeswoman for the U.S. Attorney's Office in Miami, declined comment.

Expert: Feds take few sex-assault cases

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013432
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016117.txt,"Public Investment Fund to gain prominence

The restructuring of the Public Investment Fund (PIF) is likely to allow greater focus on
achieving a diversified foreign asset base which could support in turn the build-up of
non-oil revenues. According to Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman,
government ownership of Saudi Aramco would be transferred to the PIF, which will be
transformed into a SWF that will look to increase its overseas assets (from 5% of total
to 50% of total by 2020) following its recapitalization and the proceeds of Aramco IPO.
The PIF would hold on-paper a vast amount of wealth post-IPO (USS2trn, according to
the Deputy Crown Prince, the bulk of which would be Saudi Aramco) as ownership of
Saudi Aramco is transferred to the PIF, but it would only be able to deploy the cash
proceeds of the monetized Aramco stake in the near-term, in our view. We think the
PIF’s transformation is still at a relatively early stage for now.

Room to grow PIF stature and budget contribution

The restructuring of the PIF is likely to allow further diversification of foreign assets,
which will in turn increase the share of investment income in the budget over time. We
estimate that in 2015 investment income transferred to the budget stood at USS9.9bn
(1.5% of GDP), which entails transfers of US$4bn from the PIF and USS5bn from SAMA.
These transfers pale in comparison to the estimated budgetary contributions among
main GCC peers. We estimate that the rate of return (investment income) on foreign
assets of SAMA, government entities and the private sector averaged c2% over the past
8 years, which already suggests some exposure to riskier asset classes, in our view. As
the PIF gains importance, it will become more prominent in the examination of the
breakdown of the Saudi Net International Investment Position .

Transitioning to an Abu Dhabi model

It will be interesting to see how the restructuring of the PIF into an SWF works out in
practice. We hypothesise that it may be that, on top of the monetization of Aramco's
stake sale, PIF could get a portion of the assets of SAMA. In this scenario, we would
effectively transition to the Abu Dhabi and Kuwait model where the central bank holds
little reserves and non-transparent SWFs are what matters both in terms of flow and
stock. Foreign assets purchases of the PIF would also have to be managed within the
overall Balance of Payments (BoP) framework as they could lead to drains on SAMA
reserves in the near term. Over time, Saudi Arabia could decide to emulate the Norway
model, which would entail a more prudent use and conduct of fiscal policy, in our view.

Chart 1: PIF budget contributions small versus GCC SWF contributions Chart 2: High rate of return suggests foreign assets well diversified
40 40 <= |mplied rate of return with respect to IIP assets (%) 30
mUS$bn m@%ofGDP m% of total revenues Implied rate of return with respect to SAMA reserve assets (%)| ~”
35 === Net income balance (% of GDP, rhs) 25
30 2.0
25 1.5
20 1.0
15 a
10 0.0
5 -0.5
-1.0
0 jaa] N tse] st lo co ~ Cc fo?) f=] —_ N oO t+ wo
. . 7 : : oS SoS o oo So So oS So Oo x x x x —- x
Qatar Abu Dhabi Kuwait SaudiArabia Dubai RRS RRRKRKRKCKKRRKRKKAA
Source: Haver, IMF, Saudi Ministry of Finance, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research. 2015 data, Source: Haver, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research. Implied rate of return on SAMA reserve assets
Investment income and transfer of profits of public entities for Kuwait. Investment income from simplistically assumes all investment income is earned by SAMA (instead of being earned by SAMA,
public enterprises (incudes Qatar Petroleum’s net income) for Qatar. government entities and the private sector).
OS erartll Lynch GEMs Paper #26 | 30 June 2016 7

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016117
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018775.txt,"Significant Projects

Resorts World Las Vegas — In 2013, the Genting Group purchased the 87-acre,
former Echelon site on the northern end of the Strip for $350 million. Branded
Resorts World, the planned Chinese Village-themed, four-phased mega-resort
broke ground June 2015 with opening planned in 2018. Construction of Phase |
on the multi-phased project is planned for 3,000-rooms, 22-villas, 3,500-gaming
machines, a 100,000-square-foot casino/gaming floor, 500,000-square-foot
convention center, dozens of dining options, more than 15-retail stores, a center
bar with live entertainment, a 50,000-square-foot, 58-foot tall exotic aquarium,
and the highest observation deck and sky park in the city. Subsequent phases
will add additional hotel rooms, gaming space, convention center space, a Great
Wall of China replica, a live panda exhibit, an indoor water park, a bowling alley,
a movie theater, and a 4,200-seat rotating theater.

Wyndham Desert Blue Time Share — The 19-story, 281-unit timeshare on Twain
Avenue just west of Interstate 15 opened in July 2015.

The Park by MGM - The Park is currently under construction between and around
New York-New York and Monte Carlo. The eight-acre site will feature natural
desert landscaping, cobblestone walkways, and several unique water features.
Man-made structures will proved shade during the day and will light up at night.
The outdoor space will feature live entertainment, patio style seating throughout,
ample shopping and indoor/outdoor dining options. This new venue between
New York-New York and Monte Carlo will connect The Park with the new Arena,
and both will open concurrently in the spring of 2016.

——

~ HOU

S)

E OVERSIGHT 018

— ~

775
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012738.txt,"The South African Safari Goes Posh

Morukuru - South Africa

In the heart of the Madikwe Game Reserve, Morukuru Family's trio of
boutique-chic, exclusive lodging options are the perfect pick for small
groups seeking an intimate, totally tailor-made bush adventure. Half
wild, half unabashedly posh, the getaway is less than a four-hour drive -
or an even shorter charter plane ride - from Johannesburg. Choose
between the Owners House, the Lodge or the Farm, and the the only
people you'll share sundowners and lion cub photos ops with will be the
pack you arrived with. Family-friendly and super flexible, this is a true
South African safari vacation, complete with personal cooks, butlers and
animal trackers at your service.

Click here to preview sale

Starting
Saturday 6/8 at
5pm BST

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012738
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011089.txt,"were winners once before. Their cost on the bench, or on the taxi squad, is good

insurance.

My version of Hamilton’s parasite theory patched in some of Trivers’ ideas. One was
that mothers intuiting self-health and good prospects should tend to breed higher
primary sex ratios and conversely. Their male offspring can then find willing mates
if health carries reliable signs as Hamilton proposed. Also the investment of
insurance cost by winners in maintaining losers on the bench can be interpreted as

Trivers’ reciprocal altruism to be recovered when winners now become losers later.

My discussion of grandparental investment let still more worms out of the can. It is
clear that humans in advanced economies today normally live to nearly three
generation lengths. I proposed that we are replenishing a total capital reserve,
meaning mainly a human capital one, when recovering from hard times in the world

wars and world depression. No one really knows.

Chapter 7 Petty’s Idea 2/3/16 30

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011089
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030410.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 10/2/2018 11:26:53 PM 
To: Brad S Karp 
Subject: whoopsie 
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/new-york-launches-tax-investigation-into-trump-after-ny-times-report-
2018-10-02  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030410 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026272.txt,"From: Michael Wolff 
Sent: 3/23/2018 1:57:50 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: SB 
Importance: High 
I think his FT performance yesterday was quite a hit (btw, he reiterated that my book was all true--helpful!). 
Curiously, the liberals maybe more fascinated by him than the Trump base is. 
On Fri, Mar 23, 2018 at 9:51 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
i passsed on your newsweek message yesterday. i think he is a bit lost no wins and donald off the rails 
On Fri, Mar 23, 2018 at 9:01 AM, Michael Wolff< > wrote: 
I reached out and I'm seeing him at 6:00 today. 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026272 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014349.txt,"Chart 52: What do you consider as the single most important catalyst for ZION shares in 2017?

35%
30%
29%
20%
15%
10%

5%

0%

Greater comfort More aggressive Stronger revenue Continued Higher interest
around potential capital return to growth regardless expense savings rates
energy losses shareholders ofwhathappens to achieve an
to interest rates efficiency ratio in
the low 60%s for

FY17
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
Chart 53: Compared to this year’s CCAR capital ask which implies a total Chart 54: ZION expects total expenses in 2016 to come in below
payout of ~60%, what level would you like to see ZION’s 2017 CCAR $1.58bn and then slightly increase in 2017. Would you prefer absolute
payout increase to? expenses be flat to down in 2017?

80%
70%
60%

40%
35%
30%
25% 21% 21% 50%
20% 40%

69%

31%

15% 30%
10% 20%
5% 10%
O% 0%
Remain at 60% 10% 80% Greater than Yes Indifferent; I’m more focused on
80% the efficiency target
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

Brokers Top 5 Takeaways
eniaman Sachs (GS), B-1-7, Buy
GS’ Harvey Schwartz, CFO, and Harit Talwar, Head of Digital Finance presented at

our conference. Overall, Harvey and Harit were optimistic about the consumer
lending opportunity with Marcus as well as the overall outlook for the firm.

e | When asked about what would get investors more interested in GS stock, 51% of
the investors responding to the poll voted for a stronger revenue backdrop, while
34% voted for normalizing regulations and ability to return more capital.

Bankof America a 2016 Future of Financials Conference | 17 November 2016 35
Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014349
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013426.txt,"Page 1

@ LexisNexis’

9 of 13 DOCUMENTS

Copyright 2009 Sun-Sentinel Company
All Rights Reserved
Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida)

June 15, 2009 Monday
Palm Beach Edition

SECTION: LOCAL; Pg. 3B

LENGTH: 348 words

HEADLINE: HEARING SET TO CONSIDER SECRECY OF PLEA BARGAIN
BYLINE: Susan Spencer-Wendell The Palm Beach Post

BODY:

A Palm Beach Circuit Court judge will not immediately unseal a deal that wealthy Palm Beach money manager
Jeffrey Epstein made with federal prosecutors to avoid charges.

Circuit Judge Jeff Colbath acknowledged, though, at a hearing last week that Epstein's deal was not sealed in ac-
cordance with state and local court rules.

""T don't see where any of the procedures were ever followed to begin with,"" Colbath said.
Colbath also set a full hearing on the matter for June 25.

Attorneys for young women now suing Epstein, together with The Palm Beach Post, are asking Colbath to unseal
the deal that Epstein made with federal prosecutors.

""It's a secret agreement, a secret sweetheart agreement,"" said former Circuit Judge Bill Berger, who represents
some of the women. ""Everybody was in on this deal except the victims and the public. The public should be outraged it
has gone as far as it has.""

Brad Edwards, a second attorney representing the women, has seen the sealed deal after a federal judge allowed
him and his clients to view it, but would not discuss its contents.

Edwards would say only that the women were ""outraged"" that it had been negotiated behind their backs.
A reporter asked Edwards whether he thought Epstein received special treatment by federal prosecutors.
""Are you kidding? It's transparent. Certainly, no one else gets treated like that,"" Edwards said.

Epstein, 56, a reported money manager of billionaires, is serving an 18-month sentence in the Palm Beach County
Stockade after pleading guilty almost a year ago in state court to felony solicitation of prostitution and procuring teen-
agers for prostitution. Epstein is allowed out, though, each day from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m., a Sheriff's Office spokesman
said.

Displeased with the way the State Attorney's Office handled the case, Palm Beach police forwarded information to
the FBI.

INFORMATIONAL BOX:

Young women have sued.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013426
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014700.txt,"Esa Origins 7 February 24 — 26, 2017
PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop
Challenges of Artificial Intelligence:

Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

colleague and drastically different from the one seen by a member of another nation state, or a
supporter of a different political party, or someone ina different consumer profile category.

Al ATTACKS ON SOURCES AND IDENTITY

Messaging and persuasion promises to be amplified by the use of simulated yet believable,
realistic, yet synthetic audio, photos, and even video that make believable, persuasive content to
the next level. Beyond influencing citizens and affecting democracy, such content, including false
signaling, can be injected in sequences with careful timing so as to influence leaders (or machines
themselves over time) to create crises, or even escalations to frank warfare. So, messaging and
persuasion promises to be assisted and amplified by the use of simulated yet believable, realistic,
yet synthetic content, audio, photos, and even video that make believable, persuasive content to
the next level. Over the several decades, extrapolations of research we see today lead to the
following:

e Generative models that produce audio or video of anyone saying anything. There is already
substantial work on “style transfer” as well as photorealistic generative models in many domains.
Speech synthesis is becoming similarly competent. It is inevitable that we will be able to make
synthetic video and audio that is completely indistinguishable from the real thing.

e Generative models that produce coherent text content that appears as if has been written by a
human. Such generative content will be able to appear if the content was written by a particular
person. For example, in 2030 it will likely to possible for anyone to write a 4 paragraph email that
reads like it was written by your close friend.

e Adaptive botnets, worms, or viruses that use modern machine learning techniques to learn and
adapt. Viruses and botnets already cause a huge amount of damage by just copying code across
many computers. If they had the ability to design and experiment with new attack strategies, and
communicate what they learn to other copies, defending against them could become even more
difficult. Similarly ML could be used to make DDoS attacks more effective.

e Automated analysis of software vulnerabilities. People are already using ML to try to detect
vulnerabilities (for the purpose of defending against them) -- it is only a matter of time before they
start being used for attack (if they aren’t being so used already).

The above capabilities, together with similar powers of synthesis that we are likely to develop in the
next 15 years, could potentially combine to make the internet much more vulnerable to attack at much
lower cost, and by a wider set of people, than ever before. The first two capabilities would seem to
make it much easier to launch automated social engineering attacks with much higher success rates
than e.g. current spam email and phishing attacks, while the second two capabilities might make
technical attacks much more effective.

Combined, all of these capabilities could conspire to create an internet ecosystem where it is very

difficult to trust the communication that you receive and very easy to intercept, spoof, steal, or alter
communication, as well as to improperly gain control of internet resources. This is obviously already

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014700
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032477.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032477
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023112.txt,"=

theguardian.com / Wendell Steavenson French food was the envy
of the world — before it became trapped by its own history. Can a new
school of traditionalists revive its glories? By Wendell...

Rory Mcllroy, two Irelands and a
complicated Open homecoming

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023112
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025240.txt,"Win, Place and Show: The only country | can

The problem of Spain find that's In worse
shape than Spain Is:

Number of dwellings to population Greece
Non-financial corporate debt to GDP Ireland
Corporate sector debt to cash flaw Portugal
Construction sector debt/assets None
Banking sector branches per 1,000 people Nene
Reliance on foreign capital (Net Int. Inv. Pos.) Ireland, Portugal
Real estate as %s of household assets None
Housing overhang (as per CEPS) Ireland
Commercial RE exposure % of bank assets Nene
Encumbered banking system assets, % Greece
Word Bank laber rigidity, Europe Nene
Intra-European real effective exchange rate Italy
Shadow economy, % of GDP, OECD Italy, Greece
Unemployment rate None
Production time per unit Italy
Reliance on ECE to finance sovereign debt None
Bank lending te HH/NFC, last 12 months None

AANFC = households and non-financial corporations

Sources: (MF, OECD, EU, World Bank, CEPS

Michael Cembalest
Chief Investment Officer

[a] Example: here’s a link to a 2007 article by Austan Goolsbee, former Chairman of the Council of Economic advisors and a member
of the Obama Cabinet. Goolsbee praises the benefits of subprime lending and related affordable housing policies, mocks Congress for
holding hearings on the subject and cites Federal Reserve papers in saying that the “mortgage market has become more perfect, not
more irresponsible”. Some things are only clear in hindsight. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/29/business/29scene.html? r=2

Sources

“States of Bankruptcy, Part I: The Coming State Pensions Crisis”, Joint Economic Committee Republicans, Representative Kevin
Brady and Senator Jim DeMint, December 8, 2011

“The Trillion Dollar Gap, Underfunded State Retirement Systems and the Roads to Reform”, Pew Center, February 2010

“Fiscal Policy in a Depressed Economy”, DeLong (Berkeley) and Summers (Harvard), March 20, 2012

Moody’s US Municipal Bond Defaults and Recoveries, 1970-2011

IMF Country Report 11/216. “Spain: Selected Issues”, July 2011

The material contained herein is intended as a general market commentary. Opinions expressed herein are those of Michael Cembalest and may differ from those of
other J.P. Morgan employees and affiliates. This information in no way constitutes J.P. Morgan research and should not be treated as such. Further, the views
expressed herein may differ from that contained in J.P. Morgan research reports. The above summary/prices/quotes/statistics have been obtained from sources deemed
to be reliable, but we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness, any yield referenced is indicative and subject to change. Past performance is not a guarantee of
future results. References to the performance or character of our portfolios generally refer to our Balanced Model Portfolios constructed by J.P. Morgan. It is a proxy
for client performance and may not represent actual transactions or investments in client accounts. The model portfolio can be implemented across brokerage or
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (""FDIC""); are not deposits or other obligations of its bank or thrift affiliates and are not guaranteed by its bank or thrift
offiliates; and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal invested. Not all investment ideas referenced are suitable for all investors. Speak
with your J.P. Morgan Representative concerning your personal situation. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any
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are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuations to investors and may involve complex tax structures and delays in distributing important tax information.
Typically such investment ideas can only be offered to suitable investors through a confidential offering memorandum which fully describes all terms, conditions, and
risks.

IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its affiliates do not provide tax advice. Accordingly, any discussion of U.S. tax matters contained herein
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a licensed insurance provider.

© 2012 JPMorgan Chase & Co; All rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025240
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015378.txt,"“No, I'm answering silly questions.”
“What are your favorite films?”
“Duck Soup. Night at the Opera.""
“What do you think about Richard Nixon?”
“He should be in jail.”
“Is humor an important issue in the presidential campaign?”
“Get your finger out of your mouth.”
“What do you dream about?”
“Not about you.”
“What inspired you to write?”
“A fountain pen. A piece of paper.”
Then | called out a question: “What gives you the most
optimism?”
| expected him to say “People” again, but this time he said, “The
world.”
There was hardly any standing room left in the auditorium, yet one
fellow was sitting on the floor rather than take the aisle seat occupied by a

large Groucho Marx doll.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015378
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020734.txt,"#14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020734
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023674.txt,"CNN International

President Xi Jinping, China, Term Limits
Robert Lawrence Kuhn —- March 12, 2018

HOST: Let’s talk about President Xi Jinping with our
gues,t Robert Lawrence Kuhn, a longtime advisor to the
Chinese government, the author of How China’s Leaders
Think, and the host of Closer to China with R.L. Kuhn on the
China Global Television Network. Thanks for being with
us.

RLK: Hi Natalie. Interesting day we’re having.
HOST: Isn’t it, though? So, I guess the first question

would be to follow up on your book title, how China’s
leaders think. What is Xi Jinping thinking with this move?

PARLIAMENT VOTES TO END PRESIDENTIAL TERM LIMITS CAN

9:32 AM CET

CNN NEWSROOM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023674
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017769.txt,"4/15/2019 Case 1:19-cv-033 FP"" Bstwiers tes stilfaen OFT /Arsteip Aye 3 of 4
Dozens of women alleged that Epstein molested and raped them when they were underaged using a

sophisticated human trafficking network. A civil trial is scheduled to begin on Tuesday in Palm Beach

County that may finally let these women tell their stories in court.

Behind the scenes: While he was allegedly raping teenage girls, Epstein cultivated cozy relationships

with America's elites.

e Bill Clinton flew on Epstein's plane, nicknamed the ""Lolita Express,"" numerous times, according to

flight logs.

e And Donald Trump, ina profile with New York magazine written several years before the police

wom

caught up with Epstein, praised his friend as a ""terrific guy.” ""It is even said that he likes beautiful

women as much as I do,"" Trump said of Epstein, ""and many of them are on the younger side.""
¢ Dershowitz was also friendly with Epstein before the broader public knew he was a pedophile.

Dershowitz confirmed to me that he received a massage at Epstein's Palm Beach home, adding

that the woman who provided it was of legal age.

e ""What happened was I, um, he lent us, this was well before any of this thing came out, he lent us
his house once. And I was there, my grandchildren were there, my daughter was there, and we all

got massages.”

e ""And, um, it was therapeutic. I had a therapeutic massage with an old old Russian, but I never
never ... and that was part of when we had his house for about a week during I think it was

Christmas vacation.""

e ""Believe me, if I had known that anything improper had ever taken place in that house, I never
would have allowed my children, my grandchildren, my wife, my daughter-in-law, my son, to have
spent time there. I can tell you categorically there were no inappropriate pictures, no

inappropriate anythings. It was like any other house.""

One of Epstein's accusers, Virginia Roberts, has claimed Dershowitz had sex with her when she was

underage. Dershowitz has denied the allegation and told the Miami Herald ""the story was 100 percent

flatly categorically made-up"" so ""she could get money.”

Go deeper: Trump defender Dershowitz shunned by Martha's Vineyard

V

https:/Awww.axios.com/alan-dershowitz-jeffrey-epstein-legal-advice-1a13ad59-a718-46c9-981 3-11231604a387.html 2/3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017769
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025526.txt,"In the mind of his audience, Bannon is something of a miracle-worker, Stamper notes, having “done the
impossible” by bringing Donald Trump into the White House.

The reason Bannon is dangerous, Kramper continues, is because he “lays out the political program of a
worldwide right: He has already conquered the USA; now Europe and then the whole world will follow.”

“You are part of a worldwide movement that is bigger than France, bigger than Italy, bigger than Hungary,
bigger than all that,” Bannon told French populists.

Bannon showed that he “dominates the mood against the ‘elites,’ the ‘establishment’ and the ‘perverse
system’ of greedy corporations and banks, and of course also against the press, which is led around ‘like a dog
on the Leash,’” Stamper writes.

And now he Mr. Bannon setting himself up as an instigator, if not an outright shepherd, of a movement that
crosses borders, languages and parties.

“Bannon is a master of apocalyptic rhetoric,” Stamper continues, effortlessly weaving together nationalist
interests with an international populist movement.

The American strategist showed his “true caliber” by expounding modern methods of political freedom
through blockchain technologies and cryptocurrencies, Stamper said, leaving many of his hearers behind.
Bannon has demonstrated that if the right wants to rule the future, “it must dominate modern themes and
rhetorically position them,” he added.

Aspiring to be far more than an uncle who tells stories to his nephews of how he won the fight for the White
House, Stamper writes, “Bannon wants to become the super godfather of the international right.”

Although Bannon often looks a bit disheveled, “he should not be underestimated,” the writer warns. Past
business partners attribute impressive “strategic foresight” to the eccentric tactician, saying he was often
“three or four steps ahead” of his opponents in business. Because of his phenomenal memory, his nickname is
“the encyclopedia,” Stamper notes with a certain reverence, and in his speeches he will spontaneously cite
“forgotten thinkers, known only to a handful of specialists.”

“Bannon brings with him exclusive knowledge of power from the very heart of power,” Stamper writes,
which he will bring to bear on Europe’s fragmented populist populism.

According to Stamper, Bannon has established his “European headquarters” in Italy, from where he intends to
galvanize European populists.

The Italian political situation is completely to his liking, Stamper declares, with a political landscape
“dominated by populists, right-wing ideologues and the political puppeteer Berlusconi.”

Follow Thomas D. Williams on Twitter

Read More Stories About:

Big Government, Breitbart London, National Security, Europe, Germany, Nationalism, Populism, Stephen K.
Bannon, Stern

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025526
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030966.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 12/22/2018 1:59:38 PM
To: Steve Bannon
Subject: Re: Trump has discussed firing Fed chief after latest interest rate hike: report | TheHill

should have been done months ago too old!!!!

On Sat, Dec 22, 2018 at 8:21 AM Steve Bannon <> wrote:

-firing-federal-reserve-chief-after-latest-interest-

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030966
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016477.txt,"SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
APPELLATE DIVISION: FIRST DEPARTMENT

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
Respondent,

Defendant-Appellant.

AFFIRMATION IN RESPONSE TO NON-PARTY MOTION
N.Y. County Ind. No. 30129/10

Cal. Date: December 31, 2018

CYRUS R. VANCE, JR.
District Attorney
New York County
One Hogan Place
New York, New York 10013
(212) 335-9000

Karen Friedman Agnifilo
Assistant District Attomey
Of Counsel

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016477
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024638.txt,"KR L
PI L

AC EL
CA TA

Cannabis Investment Report | December 2017

the U.S. market will exceed $100 billion annually, with more than 50 million consumers. Globally, we
estimate that the legal cannabis market has the potential to reach $500 billion annually, approaching
one billion consumers.

The Global Legal Cannabis Market

Cannabis legalization is gaining momentum around the world. This momentum is driven primarily by
the increasing recognition that cannabis may have a range of legitimate medicinal benefits and thera-
peutic applications. At least 20 countries now have medical laws that facilitate patient access to can-
nabis or cannabis concentrates for treating specified medical conditions. Notable countries with such
medical laws include Australia, Canada, Colombia and Germany; countries without such laws include
China, Japan, Russia and the United States. (Contrary to U.S. federal law, 29 states, encompassing
62% of the U.S. population, permit the production and possession of cannabis or concentrates for use
in treating a broad range of qualifying medical conditions.) While the merits of medical cannabis are
currently driving legalization, we believe that—like Uruguay and numerous U.S. states—other coun-
tries will ultimately enact legislation permitting the production, sale and use of recreational cannabis.
(Canada is widely expected to do so in mid-2018.)

The following world map illustrates select countries that (i) have enacted medical laws that facilitate
patient access to cannabis or concentrates for treating specified medical conditions, (ii) have enacted
recreational laws that permit the commercial production and sale of cannabis to adults for recreational
and other uses, or (iii) include a state or province that has a cannabis law or policy in conflict with
federal law.

Select Countries with Legalized Cannabis Access (January 2018)

&

GE Recreational Law* <
ES Medical Law

( State/Province Conflict
with Federal Law

*Canada currently has a medical law. Assumes Canada enacts a proposed recreational law in mid-2018.

2 © 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024638
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027778.txt,"GUID: CCIFD992-B400-4122-901D-C9381A8DFB43

Message: Cannot use the concept of probability with only one example and not a repeated
space . Gromov said its a question his children might ask and hopefully only once !
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/15/19 06:56:21 AM (582299781)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7E3BDC8C-5EBO-471E-A8CD-4C8B42E29146

Message: Ill have red ink on my summer s dollar thank you. -It should be a ten as you
did add - with gusto-jeffrey , that is REALLY stupid

Time: 06/15/19 06:57:46 AM (582299866)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: SFI40C9E-862B-49B2-BD06-60639A071A5C

T,

Message: Don't know Gromov. This is clearly wrong. Soviet doctrinaire sounds like. Dou

think Question of prob that stock market will rise till end of 2019 is meaningless?
You have one strong willed authority with achievements in some other sphere. So what.

Time: 06/15/19 06:58:41 AM (582299921)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 98D6EDO0-1E04-4E53-A9DC-8169CE4D9872

Message: U r better a
understanding movemen

understanding Chinese women than at probability theory. At
of money too.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/15/19 07:07:53 AM (582300473)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B93C1B4A-E109-491F-8679-CCB455F0C50D

Message: The stock market models as a contiuous function. With a history and many
past events . More like what is the probability you being reincarnated

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com
Time: 06/15/19 07:09:47 AM (582300587)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027778
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022123.txt,"James PATTERSON

detachment from day-to-day concerns such as morality, ethics,

and appearances?

As for Jeffrey Epstein, one question that might be worth ask-
ing is, if he’s in fact a narcissist and megalomaniac, could he
actually believe that he’s innocent? Then again, that might be the

n. Epstein did plead guilty, after all. But what if he

wrong questio
me? What if he’s

simply doesn’t see what he pleaded to as a cri
proud of his lifestyle? And if that’s the case, why wouldn't Prince

Andrew be proud to be seen in public with his dear friend Jeffrey

Epstein?

What if, for people like Epstein and the prince, it's just ser-
vants and masters, the way of the world? They're natural winners —
aristocrats, after all—and if life were fair, well, how would we

know who the real winners are?

+ ban eee

Anna Salter: Novemb:

hy do powerful

and Prince Anc

Dr. Anna Sz

sionally. Educated at Harv;
psychology, she spoke, wit]
Epstein and others like him
“Consider a car,” says |

q are brakes. We all have sez
_ bea good idea to act on. h
; behavior. We have good br.

Sexual offenses and in:

times the result of a bad r
| Prepubescent children or e
| children as opposed to pos
“always the result of bad bra

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022123
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013340.txt,"fabricating cases of a sexual nature fleecing unsuspecting Florida investors and others out of
millions of dollars for cases of a sexual nature with--I'd like to answer your questions; however if
1-t'm told that if I do so, I risk losing my counsel's representation; therefore I must accept their
advice."" Epstein deposition, March 8, 2010, at 106 (Deposition attachment #10).

56. | When Edwards had the opportunity to take Epstein’s deposition, he only asked
reasonable questions, all of which related to the merits of the cases against Epstein. All
depositions of Epstein in which Mr. Edwards participated on behalf of his clients are attached to
this motion. See Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit “N” at (11 and Deposition attachments #1, 6, 7, 10,
1, 12, and 13. Cf. with Deposition of Epstein taken by an attorney representing BB (one in
which Edwards was not participating), http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-dqoEyY Xx4; and
http -//srwrw.youtube,com/watch?v=¥ CNi¥1tW-r0

57. Edwards's efforts to obtain information — Epstein’s organization for
procuring young girls was also blocked because Epstein’s co-conspirators took the Fifth.
Deposition of Sarah Kellen, March 24, 2010 (hereinafter “Kellen Depo.”) (Deposition
attachment #14); Deposition of Nadia Marcinkova, April 13, 2010, (Deposition attachment #9);
Deposition of Aidan Mucinska Ross, March 15, 2010 (hereinafter “Ross Depo.”) (Deposition
attachment #15). Each of these co-conspirators invoked their respective rights against self-
incrimination as to all relevant questions, and the depositions have been attached.

| 58. At all relevant times Edwards has had a good faith basis to believe and did in fact
believe Sarah Kellen was an employee of Epstein’s and had been identified as a defendant in at
least one of the complaints against Epstein for her role in bringing girls to Epstein’s mansion to

be abused. At the deposition, she was represented by Bruce Reinhart. She invoked the Fifth on
22

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013340
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026514.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/23/2019 12:53:04 AM 
To: Michael Wolff 
Subject: Re: 
Home 
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:24 PM Michael Wolff < 
Where are you tomorrow? 
> wrote: 
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:23 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Why had no one interviewed some of trump classmates at wharton ? Deutsh bank papers very bery bad 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026514 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011937.txt,"“! hope that the case will ultimately set an important precedent that federal prosecutors can't keep
victims in the dark about the plea deals that they reach."" Cassell said.

Epstein served 13 months of an 18-month sentence on the prostitution charge. sold his Palm
Beach home in 2011 and now divides his time between a New York City home. a Caribbean
island and an apartment in Paris, according to court documents. He also has a large New Mexico
ranch,

He donates huge sums each year, particularly toward projects involving new medical treatments
and artificial intelligence, His foundation established a Harvard University program that uses
mathematics to study evolutionary biology. viruses and disease.

According to lawsuits filed by some of his accusers. Epstein relied on assistants to recruit
underage girls to give him massages and perform sex acts. They were usually paid about $200.

Some girls were notified about the investigation beginning in 2006, But they weren't told about
the negotiations with federal prosecutors for at least nine months, despite a requirement in the
Crime Victims' Rights Act that they be kept informed. The two women — who were 13 and 14
when the alleged assaults occurred — sued for the files and won.

""Although plea negotiations are vital to the functioning of the criminal justice system. a
prosecutor and target of a criminal prosecution do not enjoy a relationship of confidence and
trust when they negotiate.” the appeals court said.

Federal prosecutors have begun turning over the documents,

Epstein's atlomey. Roy Black, the celebrity lawyer who is also representing Justin Bieber in his
DU] and resisting-arrest case in Miami Beach, declined to comment but has asked that the
documents be kept from public view, and so far they have been.

Ina May 23 court filing, Black said that there was no conspiracy between prosecutors and
Epstein’s team to violate the victims’ rights law and that the non-prosecution agreement
contained many provisions Epstein strongly opposed. such as registering as a sex offender and
agreeing not to contest certain lawsuits.

""This was no sweetheart deal by any stretch of the imagination."" Black said in court papers.

Even if a judge invalidates the plea deal, it will still be up to federal prosecutors to decide what
to do.

""The court can't force the prosecutors to bring charges."" said Matt Alexrod, a former federal
prosecutor now in private practice in Washington.

26

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011937
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030376.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 10/15/2014 1:06:39 PM 
To: Melanie SpineIla 
http ://www.b lo omb erg. c om/news/20 14-1 0- 1 4/ruemmler-said-to-emerge-as-ob ama-favorite-for-justice-j ob .html 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030376 
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024133.txt,"Eye on the Market | march 15, 2012 J.P Morgan

Topics: Is US data as good as it looks? Is Chinese data as bad as it looks? Is European data as bizarre as it looks?

There’s also some good news on the global profit outlook, or at least an end to the bad news. A measure of global earnings
revisions had been running negative for 40 weeks in a row until last week when it turned slightly positive. Other corroborating
evidence comes from conversations we’ve had with private equity firms, whose portfolio companies are generally planning for
10%-20% increases in capital spending budgets this year.

Global earnings revisions vs. global equities Unfortunately, the ECB can't create jobs
(# of upgrades minus# of downgrades)/ total revisions Level Employment, percent change, QoQ, saar
0.4 1,575 3%

0.3

08 1,475 abi Germany
. 1,375
0.1

1 Q,
0.0 HN am 1,275 1%
-0.1 1,175

0%

-0.2 1,075

MSCI World

on 975 -1% Euro Area
™ undexd
-05 875 90
-0.6 775
-0.7 675 -3%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Citigroup, Bloomberg. Source: Eurostat, Bundesbank.

After four years that challenge some of the basic assumptions of efficient markets and laissez-faire capitalism, there is a pent-up
demand for normalcy among individual investors, money managers, CEOs, corporate treasurers, pension funds, regulators, etc.
Through massive money creation, Central Banks have provided the veneer of normalcy which has allowed the private sector to
get moving again in the US, or at least in the case of Europe, to stop declining. Markets love it. Is the ECB’s Mario Draghi a
genius? Only time will tell. The last time the term Maestro got thrown around, it was a case of premature exaltation.

The latest from Europe: my head is hot and my feet are freezing

Angela Merkel described Europe as being ‘“‘a good way up the mountain path” regarding the debt crisis. Courtesy of the ECB,
there has been a dramatic improvement in sovereign and bank debt markets. However, in the real economy, improvements are
much harder to find. In contrast to improving labor markets in the US, Europe still looks pretty bad outside Germany (see chart
above; the declining Euro Area line includes the better data from Germany). Other variables related to production and
consumption show the same regional divergences. The challenge for Spain looks particularly daunting, given a less open
economy than countries like Ireland, escalating costs associated with bank recapitalization and municipal funding shortfalls, and
the likely continued withdrawal of foreign capital from the private sector. Even with continued German assistance, it’s going to
be a long and freezing mountain hike for the periphery.

On investments, we saw a lot of things we recognized in a 76-page Morgan Stanley paper on bank deleveraging and real estate.
This has been one of our primary investment themes over the last year. MS estimates 3 trillion Euros of deleveraging by
European banks in the next 3-5 years, even with ECB repo facilities slowing the pace of asset dispositions, and a more
relaxed approach to Basel 3. Europe’s greater reliance on banks to finance commercial property investments (versus capital
markets) is a primary driver here. One example: amazingly, Spanish banks have more domestic commercial real estate loans
than UK and German banks combined. There are likely to be opportunities in purchasing loan portfolios, and in providing
capital to refinance existing loans. In an environment of low growth, perpetual austerity and rising consumer stress, and the
lingering possibility of a devaluation in some countries, buyer portfolio discounts need to be large enough to make sense.

Where is China heading?
There is a roiling epistemological debate as to whether China’s current decline is structural or cyclical. As an aside, two of JP

Morgan’s investment banking analysts (one an economist, the other an equity market strategist) have taken opposite sides of the
debate, which is in and of itself a healthy thing. Like the question about whether Italy has a liquidity crisis or a solvency crisis,
the answer depends on your definition, and definitions can change depending on how governments respond. On the following
page, we include our own China Dashboard we use to track what’s going on. Now that we have February data as well as
January and can adjust for some of the New Year effects, it’s pretty clear that China is slowing. Markets are still nervous, since
Premier Wen stated that the government is still concerned about elevated home prices, and that they will continue tight policies
on property markets. Home price to income ratios in some major cities exceed peak 2006 California levels.

But with the collapse in Chinese inflation, the government has room to re-stimulate a bit. Recently, the Chinese government has
injected more liquidity; expanded the quota for foreign equity investment; cut bank reserve requirements; delayed tighter capital

2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024133
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015350.txt,"sperm because it’ s a good source of protein, something that’ s often
lacking when meat is removed from the diet.

Finally--and this could possibly be an urban legend--in a biology
class at Harvard University, a professor was discussing the high glucose
levels found in semen which give the spermatozoa all that energy for their
journey. A female freshman raised her hand and asked, “If | understand
you correctly, you’ re saying there is a lot of glucose, as in sugar, in
semen?”

“That’ s correct,” replied the professor.

The student asked, “Then why doesn’ t it taste sweet?”

“It doesn’ t taste sweet,” he answered as she realized what her
question implied. She blushed, picked up her books and headed for the
door, as he continued, “because the taste buds for sweetness are on the

tip of your tongue and not the back of your throat. Have a good day.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015350
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030796.txt,"return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030796
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033027.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 9/12/2017 5:07:38 AM

To:

Subject: Re: Interview with Futurism
Yes

On Tue, Sep 12, 2017 at 5:30 AM i wrote:

Scheduled. Would you have 30 min - 1 h before/after. Will tell you some more ideas about your interviews and
science support

On Sep 11, 2017, at 11:59 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
yes

On Mon, Sep 11, 2017 at 8:59 PM, is wrote:

nice. should we coordinate it with Leslie?
I'd can join it too, I'm in NYC next week

On Sep 11, 2017, at 11:51 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

yes happy to do in person

On Mon, Sep 11, 2017 at 8:51 PM, i v7rotc:

great. when is good?
are you coming to New York next week?

On Sep 11, 2017, at 11:39 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

yes

On Mon, Sep 11, 2017 at 8:33 PM, i wrote:

Jeffrey, https://futurism.com/ editor (fast-growing media about science with over 25M unique readers)
would like to have an interview with you. Same topic: Trump's cuts on science and your philanthropy.

Would you be open to talk to them?

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033027
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018472.txt,"moO

that eyebolt because I don't trust it"", ""no, I'm not interested in doing that roleplay because
I wouldn't be comfortable with it"", or ""I don't do play piercing because blood is a hard
limit for me."" We all have a right to say no to sexual acts we don't want; even if we're

topping.

te OK ok
This can be found on the Internet at:

http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2010/07/07/the-annotated-safeword/

Clarisse's original post on safewords can be found on the Internet at:
& Pp

http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/07/03/sex-communication-tactic-derived-from-sm-2-

safewords-and-check-ins/

COMMUNICATION:
[theory] Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Checklists
This is part of the same 2010 series as the previous article -- in fact, it came first.
ok
Checklists

S&M checklists are long lists of different acts that sexual partners can use to discuss
different acts and measure each others’ interest in those acts. Each act on the checklist
usually looks something like this:

FLOGGING -- GIVING O0O000
FLOGGING -- RECEIVING O0O000

Each partner rates each entry by filling out 1-5 bubbles, with 1 darkened bubble meaning
""Not interested"" and 5 bubbles meaning ""I crave this!""

I think this concept is brilliant because:

1) Too often, it's assumed that ""sex"" encompasses certain acts, and if you're interested in
a sexual relationship you must be interested in all those acts. Or there's assumed to be a
kind of linear progression, as exemplified in the ""base system,"" where ""first base"" is
groping and ""home base"" is penis-in-vagina sex. Talking about each sexual act as its own
self-contained idea short-circuits those problematic ideas about sex and makes it easier
for couples to turn down some of the ""assumed"" acts (e.g., if I don't want oral sex but I do
want penis-in-vagina...).

2) It provides an easy way to communicate desires -- if a person is nervous about saying,
""Hey, is it okay if I flog you?"" then the couple doesn't even have to talk about it right

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018472
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017741.txt,"Page 27 of 52
2005 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 835, *880

Article II and the public's First Amendment right of access to trials give constitutional dimensions to the victim's interest in
transfer decisions.

[#881] Victims may have compelling interests in observing the trial in their local community. ?°° Traveling to a remote
location to watch the trial may be financially difficult for many victims and impossible for indigent victims. Moreover, forcing
victims to travel to distant communities alone may deprive them of the accompaniment and support of family and friends,
which may be especially important when observing emotionally charged court proceedings.

Defendants, too, have the right to have cases tried locally. Under the Sixth Amendment, ""in all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall
have been committed ... ."". 7°! This right might be viewed as the defendant's to assert or waive as circumstances dictate. For
federal cases, however, the vicinage right is not exclusively placed in the hands of the defendant. Instead, Article III provides
that ""the Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where
the said Crimes have been committed."" 7°?

This difference in language supports the reading that the federal provision is a structural guarantee designed to protect broader
interests than the defendant's alone. 7°? Moreover, the provision provides for trial in the state where the crime was committed.
In most cases, this state would be where the victim resided; whether the defendant also resided in that state would be incidental.

An understanding of the Article II] provision as protecting the community's interest is bolstered by the Supreme Court's
decisions on right of public access to trials. In cases such as Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 7°4 the Court has held
that a guarantee of the public's right to attend trials is implicit in the First Amendment. Compelling victims’ interests underlie
this guarantee. As the Court has explained, ""the presence of interested spectators [*882] may keep [the defendant's] triers
keenly alive to a sense of their responsibility and to the importance of their functions."" ?°> In addition, ""public proceedings
vindicate the concerns of the victims and the community in knowing that offenders are being brought to account for their
criminal conduct."" 2°% As Justice Blackmun has emphasized, ""The victim of the crime, the family of the victim, [and] others
who have suffered similarly ... have an interest in observing the course of a prosecution."" 7°7 Victims are vitally interested in
observing criminal trials because society has withdrawn “both from the victim and the vigilante the enforcement of criminal
laws, but [it] cannot erase from people's consciousness the fundamental, natural yearning to see justice done - or even the urge
for retribution.” 7°8 To be sure, transferring a trial to a distant city may not flatly violate the public right of access to a trial, but
it can surely burden the rights of the public, including the victim, which suggests that victims ought to be heard before any such
decision is made.

The Article III vicinage provision and the public right of access to trials provide constitutional underpinnings for construing the
victim's rights under the CVRA to include a right to be heard on transfer proceedings. In addition, Congress has mandated that

200 See generally Beloof, Cassell & Twist, supra note 15, 392-99 (reviewing case law on the victim's interest in venue decisions).
201 U.S. Const. amend. VI (emphasis added).
202 Td. art. IIT, 2, cl. 3 (emphasis added).

203 See Steven A. Engel, The Public's Vicinage Right: A Constitutional Argument, 75 N.Y.U_L. Rev. 1658, 1687 (2000); see also Drew L.
Kirshen, Vicinage, 29 Okla. L. Rev. 803 (1976).

204 448 U.S. 555 (1980).

205 Gannett Co. v. DePasquale, 443 U.S. 368, 380 (1979) (internal citation omitted).

206 Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 464 U.S. 501, 509 (1984).

207 Gannett Co., 443 U.S. at 428 (Blackmun, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).

208 Richmond Newspapers, 448 U.S. at 571.

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017741
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027988.txt,"into town like something out of the wild west. Had any of that happened, we
would have started a small-scale war, not to mention run the very real risk of
not getting out alive.

In fact, we left the missile boat, Manno’s offshore command post, in motor
dinghies out of earshot of Beirut and cut the engines as we got closer to the
shore. All of us, including the “women”, were wrapped in ponchos to avoid
showing up on Rue Verdun soaking wet. After getting out of the dinghies, we
were carried ashore by the SEALs to make sure we stayed dry. All of us had
loose-fitting jackets. The attack teams used them to conceal Uzis, explosive
charges to blow the locks on the apartment doors if they couldn’t be forced
open, a hand grenade or two and flashlights for the dash up the stairs. One
member of each team had a large plastic bag, with orders to take away any
easily accessible documents for Mossad analysts back home. As the mother of
the brood, I also had a large purse, in which I carried our radio to communicate
with the team leaders and with Manno on the missile boat if necessary.

Our SEAL pilots steered us well away from the more built-up part of the
seafront towards the Coral Beach, one of the private clubs on the southern end
of the shoreline. Four rented station wagons were waiting, two of them for us
and two for Amnon’s squad. Amnon set off toward the DFLP target. We headed
north towards the center of town. In the Spielberg film, my speaking role
consisted of two words, my name, as I introduced myself to my driver. In fact,
we had already met: during the run-through exercises in Tel Aviv. After we got
into the cars, I asked him how his scouting of the route had gone. He said
basically OK, but that he’d noticed a couple of cops patrolling near the top of
Verdun on one of his drive-bys. I assured him it would be fine. There would be
no reason for a policeman to suspect what we were up to, or who we were. Still,
I could tell he was nervous. “What’s wrong?” I asked. He hesitated before
replying. “I’ve never been in a place where there’s live fire,” he said. I told him
not to worry. He sti// wouldn’t be. “You’re going to be parked around the
comer, until it’s over. Then, it’s just about getting home.”

When we reached the top of Verdun, it was about ten minutes after one in
the morning. Our cars pulled over. I took Mookie’s arm as we began walking
the 150 feet or so to the first of the apartment buildings. The others followed in
knots of two or three. Both Mookie and I saw a policeman approaching on the
sidewalk. “Ignore him,” I whispered. We weaved a few inches to the side to let
him pass. The buildings were as we’d expected, with their lobbies set back from
a covered terrace in front. As the other teams made their way to the second

140
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027988
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024610.txt,"[9

government’s ability to control its roughly one hundred nuclear
weapons is a vital American national interest; the loss of a single
warhead to extremists, whether through a government collapse or
through a disaffected anti-American faction in Pakistan’s military or
intelligence services, could be devastating.

Strikingly, U.S. policy has given relatively little weight to this
concern: the Bush administration subordinated a coherent U.S.
strategy in the region to the optional invasion of Iraq; both the Bush
and particularly the Obama administrations have emphasized the war
against al-Qaeda to such an extent that the U.S.-Pakistan alliance is in
tatters. Now Islamabad’s very stability has come into question.

It is good to hear from Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and other
senior officials that al-Qaeda and the Taliban have suffered major
setbacks. It was even better to hear that U.S. troops had finally killed
Osama bin Laden. Nevertheless, these triumphs have come at
demonstrable cost. There was perhaps no reliable way to kill bin
Laden without grievously offending Pakistan’s government and
people, though a senior administration official has admitted that the
United States “underestimated the humiliation factor” of the raid.
Still, American officials could have structured U.S.-Pakistan relations
in a way that would have made this necessary infringement on
Pakistan’s sovereignty the exception rather than the rule in
Washington’s approach to its admittedly frustrating and unreliable
ally. Instead, the administration expanded drone attacks on less-than-
essential targets (the average frequency of drone strikes under
President Obama is one every four days, compared to one every forty
days during the Bush administration); harshly criticized Pakistan’s
government and military before the Abbottabad operation;
embarrassed both by killing bin Laden inside the country; and then
followed the action with further public criticism and cuts in
assistance to the Pakistani military.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024610
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022542.txt,"Internal Controls Provision

The payment of bribes often occurs in companies that
have weak internal control environments. Internal controls
over financial reporting are the processes used by compa-
nies to provide reasonable assurances regarding the reliabil-
ity of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements. They include various components, such as: a
control environment that covers the tone set by the organi-
zation regarding integrity and ethics; risk assessments; con-
trol activities that cover policies and procedures designed
to ensure that management directives are carried out (c.g.,
approvals, authorizations, reconciliations, and segregation
of duties); information and communication; and monitor-
ing. Section 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act (15 US.C.
§ 78m(b)(2)(B)), commonly called the “internal controls”

provision, requires issuers to:

devise and maintain a system of internal accounting
controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances
that—

(i) transactions are executed in accordance with man-
agement’s general or specific authorization;

(ii) transactions are recorded as necessary (I) to per-
mit preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles or any
other criteria applicable to such statements, and (II)
to maintain accountability for assets;

(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance
with management’s general or specific authorization;
and

(iv) the recorded accountability for assets is com-
pared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals
and appropriate action is taken with respect to any

differences ....?73

Like the “reasonable detail” requirement in the
books and records provision, the Act defines “reasonable
assurances” as “such level of detail and degree of assurance
as would satisfy prudent officials in the conduct of their
own affairs.”?*

The Act does not specify a particular set of controls
that companies are required to implement. Rather, the
internal controls provision gives companies the flexibility
to develop and maintain a system of controls that is appro-

priate to their particular needs and circumstances.

The FCPA:

Accounting Provisions

An effective compliance program is a critical com-
ponent of an issuer’s internal controls. Fundamentally,
the design of a company’s internal controls must take into
account the operational realities and risks attendant to the
company’s business, such as: the nature of its products or
services; how the products or services get to market; the
nature of its work force; the degree of regulation; the extent
of its government interaction; and the degree to which it
has operations in countries with a high risk of corruption. A
company’s compliance program should be tailored to these
differences. Businesses whose operations expose them to a
high risk of corruption will necessarily devise and employ
different internal controls than businesses that have a lesser
exposure to corruption, just as a financial services company
would be expected to devise and employ different internal
controls than a manufacturer.

A 2008 case against a German manufacturer of indus-
trial and consumer products illustrates a systemic internal
controls problem involving bribery that was unprecedented
in scale and geographic reach. From 2001 to 2007, the com-

pany created elaborate payment schemes—including slush

Companies with ineffective internal
controls often face risks of embezzlement
and self-dealing by employees, commercial
bribery, export control problems, and

violations of other U.S. and local laws.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022542

"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021402.txt,"including all attachments.
BS DIS DIC IC DIS Ig 24S BIS DIS 2S IC DIS Ig 24S BIS DIS BIC 2g DIS Ig 24S BIC DIS 5S 2k DIC ig 24S BIS 2fS 24S DIC DIS ig DIC IS OIC SIS 2k DIC ig 24K IS 2IC 51S 2 DIC 2g 24k IS 2IC 2s 2c OIC 2k 2ie i 2k ik

BS Df 24S IS DIS IS 24S BIS DIS BIS iS DIS IC 24K BIS DIS 5S 2S DIS IC OIC BIS DIS DIC 2k DIS Ig 24K BIS DIC 3IC DiC DIS ik DIC BIC DIC DIS DiC DIC ik 24S SOIR FIC DI DIC 2k OIC iS 2IC IC 2c IC 2k 2I6 ik 2k ic

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021402
"
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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028463
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017999.txt,"EXHIBIT 8

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017999
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031488.txt,"browsing). The advantage with this option is the reporters could watch the video via the YouTube player, rather than

downloading a file.
I believe our preference is the second choice?

Thanks,
Kathy

Kathy King
Director, Media & Public Relations
ES cicect fx

Steptoe

Steptoe & Johnson LLP

1330 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20036
www.steptoe.com

This message and any attached documents contain information from the law firm Steptoe & Johnson LLP that may be confidential and/or privileged. If you are not the
intended recipient, please do not read, copy, distribute, or use this information. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately by

reply e-mail and then delete this message.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031488
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027750.txt,"Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3EE7B78D-6C88-411B-9F1B-1F8944FA7534

Message: I have not. He has declined to give me a copy.

him Nikki haley , trump says blowjob but who can trust him
Im mentioned int he palm beach house sale.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/26/19 02:59:30 PM (580600770)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message:

23A7BB81-A4CB-4D01-810B-76FD273F7A29

1 milllion copies. First printing

Time:

Flags

05/26/19 03:00:54 PM (580600854)

: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message:

Send

F68B9ABE-F370-41C0-80E2-20C1A1D77746

Me lots of good or lots of snark ??

Time:

Flags:

r: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

05/26/19 03:02:01 PM (580600921)

1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message:
his former friend

11863886-11C4-4338-9DF7-744653DB81F9

Says. No.

itunes@gmail.com

05/26/19 03:02:14 PM (580600934)

Sender: e:]j
Time:
Flags: 1085445

Ts Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message:

pa
~
Hed

C410FCA0-080F-465C-99C8-C7 9AFBC7BE

Is that good or snark

Send

Time:

Flags:

r: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

05/26/19 03:04:32 PM (580601072)

1085445

Ts Read: No

Melania? Not living with
You.. lots Nick ayers.
Hopefully not anywhere else.

I understand there is a passage where you saying maybe he kills himslef and
He fakes a heart attack

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027750
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023884.txt,"138 Teaching Minds
In this way:

“T personally believe, that U.S. Americans, are unable to do so,
because uh, some, people out there, in our nation don’t have
maps, and uh... I believe that our education like such as in
South Africa, and the Iraq, everywhere like such as... and, I
believe they should uh, our education over here, in the U.S.
should help the U.S. or should help South Africa, and should
help the Iraq and Asian countries so we will be able to build up
our future, for us.”

Millions of Americans upon hearing this interview, which was re-
played on every television outlet, thought this response was both very
funny and an indication of how stupid Miss South Carolina was. Most
adults feel that they know what intelligence looks like and that they
know what stupidity looks like. Everyone agreed about the absurdity
of this response. It was, after all, incoherent, and this was obvious to
anybody.

Miss South Carolina was given another chance to answer the
question on the Today Show on NBC, some days later. Here is a
description of what happened from the MSNBC website:

She explained Tuesday that she was so overwhelmed by the
moment she barely heard any of the question.

“Everything did come at me at once,” she said. “And I made
a mistake—everybody makes a mistake—I’m human. Right when
the question was asked of me, I was in shock... I would love to
re-answer that question.”

Curty [of the Today show] obliged, reading the entire
question as it had been asked during the pageant. This time,
Upton [Miss South Carolina] was ready.

“Personally, my friends and I, we know exactly where the
United States is on a map,” she said. “I don’t know anyone else
who doesn’t. If the statistics are correct, I believe there should
be more emphasis on geography in our education so people will
learn how to read maps better.”

She came back later in the show to deliver a flawless
explanation of lunar eclipses.

Held up on the Internet as the quintessential dumb blonde,
Upton was an honor student in high school.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023884
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013368.txt,"necessary because: (a) Jane Doe filed a federal RICO claim against Epstein that was an
active claim through much of the litigation. The RICO claim alleged that Epstein ran an
expansive criminal enterprise that involved and depended upon his plane travel.
Although Judge Marra dismissed the RICO claim at some point in the federal litigation,
the legal team representing my clients intended to pursue an appeal of that dismissal.
Moreover, all of the subjects mentioned in the RICO claim remained relevant to other
aspects of Jane Doe’s claims against Epstein, including in particular her claim for
punitive damages; (b) Jane Doe also filed and was proceeding to trial on a federal claim
under 18 U.S.C. § 2255. Section 2255 is a federal statute which (unlike other state
statutes) guaranteed a minimum level of recovery for Jane Doe. Proceeding under the
statute, however, required a “federal nexus” to the sexual assaults. Jane Doe had two
grounds on which to argue that such a nexus existed to her abuse by Epstein: first, his
use of the telephone to arrange for girls to be abused; and, second, his travel on planes
in interstate commerce. During the course of the litigation, | anticipated that Epstein
would argue that Jane Dee’s proof of the federal nexus was inadequate. These fears
were realized when Epstein filed a summary judgment motion raising this argument. In
respo-nse, the other attorneys and I representing Jane Doe used the flight log evidence
to respond to Epstein’s summary judgment motion, explaining that the flight logs
demonstrated that Epstein had traveled in interstate commerce for the purpose of
facilitating his sexual assaults. Because Epstein chose to settle the case before trial,
Judge Marra did not rule on the summary judgment motion. (c) Jane Doe No. 102’s
complaint outlined Epstein’s daily sexual exploitation and abuse of underage minors as
young as 12 years old and alleged that he used his plane to transport underage females
to be sexually abused by him and his friends. The flight logs accordingly might have
information about either additional girls who were victims of Epstein’s abuse or friends
of Epstein who may have witnessed or even participated in the abuse. Based on this
information, 1 believed that the flight logs and related information was relevant
information to prove the cases against Jeffrey Epstein and accordingly I pursued them
in discovery.

20. In approximately November 2009, the existence of Scott Rothstein’s Ponzi scheme
became public knowledge. It was at that time that I, along with many other reputable
attorneys at RRA, first became aware of Rothstein criminal scheme. At that time, I left
RRA with several other RRA attorneys to form the law firm of Farmer Jaffe Weissing

Edwards Fistos and Lehrman (“Farmer Jaffe”). I was thus with RRA for less than one
year.

21. In July 2010, along with other attorneys at Farmer Jaffe and Professor Cassell, I reached
favorable settlement terms for my three clients L.M., E.W., and Jane Doe in their
lawsuits against Epstein.

22. On July 26, 2010, I received a letter from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern
District of Florida — the office responsible for prosecuting Rothstein’s Ponzi scheme.
The letter indicated that law enforcement agencies had determined that I was “a victim
(or potential victim)” of Scott Rothstein’s federal crimes. The letter informed me of my
rights as a victim of Rothstein’s federal crimes and promised to keep me informed about

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013368
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032181.txt,"11

under the rule of locally chosen leaders whom the Europeans knew
they could trust. It is possible that the current transformations might
result in security vacuums that local parties or foreign powers could
exploit to fragment some Arab states into smaller units that would
then be more reliant on foreign support or protection.

Sudan has already split into northern and southern states, while
Yemen, Iraq and possibly a few others are similarly susceptible to
subdivision into smaller statelets. This raises difficult issues about the
inviolability of the current Arab borders that the retreating Europeans
created last century. I thought the secession of South Sudan was a
perfectly acceptable development, if it reflected the will of the people
of the south, and was not imposed on them. The operative principle
in such possible developments is whether change reflects the consent
of the governed and represents the will of the majority, while
protecting the rights of minorities. If Yemenis decide to split again
into two or even three states, and this reflects the free will of the
Yemeni people, they should be allowed to do so without external
interference.

There is nothing sacred or permanent about the borders of any
country, especially Arab countries that were mostly created by the
handiwork of European colonial officers. Countries evolve and
sometimes change shape as a routine historical process. If some
Arabs decide they are uncomfortable with their existing state
boundaries and they wish to break away and form a separate country,
that should always be an option. After all, the world mostly rejoiced
when the former Soviet Union and its empire collapsed and some of
its constituent republics fragmented into smaller units, notably
Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia.

We should be prepared to deal with the specter of existing Arab
countries that reconfigure their frontiers and populations while they
are reconfiguring their political governance systems.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032181
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019325.txt,"destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019325
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031040.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 12/15/2013 12:59:34 PM 
To: 
Subject: Re: A few questions just in case please? 
Call 
On Sunday, December 15, 2013, wrote: 
Thank you! Was amazing! The best family dinner ever. Louis said they LOVED me! Thu both texted him 
afterwards saying that:) 
On Saturday, December 14, 2013, Jeffrey Epstein wrote: 
how will our future differ from your lives? if i was going to do your job what three things would i have to 
know. ? is obama good for the country, . ? israel?. if you could live one day of your lives over again, what 
would it be? 
On Sat, Dec 14, 2013 at 7:04 PM, wrote: 
Sent from my iPhone 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031040 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031041 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014407.txt,"Table 1: Shares rated buy by our analysts in cyclical, bank and insurance sectors*

, rr ‘ MKT CAP
Company Name Ticker Industry (JPX definition) Price ‘Billion Yen) Analyst Name
Mitsubishi UFJ FG 8306 JP Banks 683 9.674 Futoshi Sasaki
Japan Post Bank 7182 JP Banks 331 5,990 Futoshi Sasaki
SMFG 8316 JP Banks 4190 5,925 Futoshi Sasaki
Resona HD 8308 JP Banks 538 1,251 Futoshi Sasaki
Mitsubishi Elec 6503 JP Electric Appliances 592 3,418 Mikio Hirakawa
Nidec 6594 JP Electric Appliances 10460 3,035 Masashi Kubota
Hitachi 6501 JP Electric Appliances 588 2,658 Mikio Hirakawa
Panasonic 6752 JP Electric Appliances 033 2,033 Mikio Hirakawa
Dai-ichi Life 8750 JP Insurance 850 2,202 Futoshi Sasaki
MS&AD Holdings 8725 JP Insurance 3405 2,085 Futoshi Sasaki
Sompo Holdings 8630 JP Insurance 3684 1,506 Futoshi Sasaki
Shin-Etsu Chem 4063 JP (Chemicals 8328 3,599 Takashi Enomoto
FUJIFILM 4901 JP (Chemicals 4095 1,906 Hiroyasu Eguchi
Sony 6758 JP Electric Appliances 3226 4,075 Mikio Hirakawa
NTT DATA 9613 JP Information & Communication 5530 1,551 Hiroyasu Eguchi
NSSMC 5401 JP lron & Steel 2384 2,266 Takashi Enomoto
JR East 9020 JP Land Transportation 9542 3,/43 Yasuhito Tsuchiya
JR Central 9022 JP Land Transportation 17825 3,672 Yasuhito Tsuchiya
Nintendo 1974 JP (Other Products 26050 3,129 Hiroyasu Eguchi
Recruit HD 6098 JP Services 4340 2,453 Yoshiyuki Kinoshita
Oriental Land 4661 JP Services 5957 1,991 Rie Sakai
Fuji Heavy Ind 1270 JP [Transportation Equipment 4320 3,371 Kei Nihonyanagi
Suzuki Motor 1269 JP [Transportation Equipment 3711 1,637 Kei Nihonyanagi
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
*Cyclical sectors = Industrials, consumer discretionary, IT, materials in GICS definition
*Market cap above 17.5trn JPY except bank, insurance shares
*Exclude Fast Retailing
Bankof America
4 Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016 Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014407
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026007.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026007
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028590.txt,"On Sat, Jan 26, 2019 at 6:32 PM Weingarten, Reid ~~ wrote:

Cal me if you get a chance....212 506 3914

From: J [mailto:jeevacation@gqmail.com]
Sent: Friday, January 25, 2019 7:23 PM

To: Weingarten, Reid
Subject: Re:

If he wants you to rep him. YES

On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:34 PM Weingarten, Reid i, wrote:

Rajeev misra....softbank vision fund...any special jeffrey insights here?

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.

From: J

Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2019 5:51 PM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re: Re:

im not sheyl, frankly i havent been involved in this at all except for the ridiculousness . we will resolve
it by end of month. .

On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at 11:47 PM Weingarten, Reid <q wrote:

Ok....but give me an idea what follows the but....otherwise | will imagine the worst....

From: J [mailto:jeevacation@qmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2019 5:43 PM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re: Re:

i suggest we wait until face to face yes he fucked up. but ,,,

On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at 11:40 PM Weingarten, Reid FG wrote:

So....remarkably...in the middle of dealing with thiss the Steptoe numbercrunchers advise me Jeffrey has paid
about 450 and owes about 300 and seems disinclined to make Steptoe whole.....hAhhhhmmmm....first reaction is
déja vu.... How the fuck are we back here after the unspeakably awful evan barr debacle.... More to the point just
tell me where you are on this....did miller fuck up? Something else? As you know | am the 800 pound gorilla
here, Steptoe is not going to chase you down for the money but there are 500 lawyers here, processes, etc......

From: J [mailto:jeevacation@gqmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2019 4:04 PM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028590
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029856.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 5/22/2017 8:41:33 PM
Subject: Re: Fw: WaPo story-- Trump's outside counsel

Importance: — High

fun

On Mon, May 22, 2017 at 4:39 PM, Weingarten, Reid iii wrote:

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.

From: Parker, Ashley

Sent: Monday, May 22, 2017 3:19 PM

To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: WaPo story-- Trump's outside counsel

Hi Reid,

Ashley Parker here at the Washington Post. I cover the White House and am emailing because my colleague,
Bob Costa, and I getting ready to post a story about President Trump’s decision to move ahead with retaining
outside counsel, and we understand you’re one of the finalists for the role, and have already spoken with senior
White House officials. I just wanted to let you know that we plan to mention your name (and of course see if
you want to comment), and I also wanted to check and see if you were open to chatting totally off the record,
just in case there is any nuance or guidance you’d like to provide. I’m at] or my desk is I

Thanks,
Ashley

Ashley Parker

Desk:

Twitter: @AshleyRParker

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029856
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012710.txt,"MASTER CONTACT LIST REGARDING Privilege Log — Dated 2-23-2011
Farmer, Jaffe, Weissing, Edwards, Fistos & Lehrman

Susan K. Stirling RRA Staff
Tami Wolfe Attorney RRA

T. Edwards Brad Edwards Wife
Unknown Staff RRA STAFF

Wayne Black Private Investigator

William J. Berger Attorney RRA . |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012710
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033389.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 1/9/2018 1:22:51 AM 
To: Larry Visoski 
Subject: Re: Friday POTUS 
Yes 
On Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 8:04 PM Larry Visoski ‹> wrote: 
Jeffrey 
Boston / Bedford are not gateway airports to PBI. 
Only airports that are gateway into Palm Beach are: 
White Plains 
Teterboro 
Orlando 
Dulles 
Orlando 
Fortlauderdale 
Most operators are using Boca for arrivals when Trump is in town. Parking reservation at Boca are required 
since the ramp fill up. Other options is Fort Lauderdale when Boca is full. 
POTUS arrival — Friday, January 12th, time TBD (likely PM) 
POTUS departure — Monday, January 15th, time TBD (likely PM) 
Should I request parking at Boca? 
Thx 
Larry 
Sent from my iPhone 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033389 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018985.txt,"Date: 7/13/06 PALM BEACH POLICE DEPARTMENT Page: 32
Time: 9:27:55 Incident Report Program: CMS301L

Case No. . . . : 1-05-000368 | (Continued)
On March 31, 2005, Sgt. Daniel Szarszewski requested that I set up a
surveillance vehicle on El Brillo Way and conduct video surveillance
of the front exterior of Epstein's residence. At 3:00 p.m., I set up
a surveillance vehicle equipped with a video monitoring device. The
surveillance vehicle was parked on El Brillo Way approximately fifty
feet east of Epstein's driveway. The purpose of the video
surveillance was to gather investigative intelligence by monitoring
and recording all vehicle and pedestrian traffic entering and leaving
Epstein's property.

The video surveillance tapes were changed daily with a new Maxell
T-160 VHS tape. Video surveillance was established for Epstein s from
March 31, 2005 through April 05, 2005. On April 05, 2005, video
surveillance was concluded. I reviewed the video tapes and advised
Detective Pagan the surveillance videos yielded no evidentiary value.

On April 01, 2005 at 9:30 a.m., I responded to the area of 358 El
Brillo Way to meet with Town of Palm Beach sanitation employee, Jessie
Jones. While parked in the area of 358 El Brillo Way waiting to
collect Epstein s trash, I observed a white female, who I recognized
as Ty «= er Florida driver's license photograph. I
made no contact os While parked in the area, I also
observed Epstein s GMC Yukon truck leave the property as well as other
vehicles arrive and park across the street from the property. The
occupants of these vehicles appeared to be housekeepers, maintenance
men, and gardeners. .

At 9:38 a.m., I met with Town of Palm Beach sanitation employee,
Jessie Jones. I observed Jones enter the driveway of 358 El Brillo
Way and collect the trash from Epstein s property. I followed Jessie
to a predetermined area at which time I collected the trash bags from
the sanitation truck. I transported the trash bags to the sanitation
department, where I sifted through its contents. I collected mail

correspondences addressed to Jeffrey a a and bé
personal documents for Janusz Banasiak and as well as —
Jeffrey Epstein notepaper with the names and appointment times for
| No last names or other personal information was
written on the notepaper.

While sifting through Epstein s trash, I also collected a three-inch
purple finger size object, which had a broken end. The object

appeared to be a broke piece from a sexual toy similar to a (Cyclone
Vibrator) possibly used for rectal gratification. The sexual object

was photographed for Detective Pagan, packaged in a biohazard evidence
bag (possible body fluids) and secured as investigative evidence. All

items collected from Epstein s trash were turned over to Detective
Pagan for evidentiary purposes.

on April 05, 2005 at 9:18 a.m., I met with Town of Palm Beach
sanitation employee, Jessie Jones. I observed Jones enter the
driveway of 358 El Brillo Way and collect the trash from Epstein s
property. I followed Jessie to a predetermined area at which time I

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018985
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014361.txt,"Chart 67: How knowledgeable are you with blockchain technology?

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Very knowledgeable Moderately knowledgeable Not at all knowledgeable

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

Chart 68: After this panel, how do you feel about the applicability of Chart 69: How long do you think it will take for financial sevices
blockchain technology in financial services? industries to broadly adapt blockchain technology?
80% 71% 45%

40%
35%
30%
29%
20%
15%
10%

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%

a 5%
Asignificant | A modest opportunity Overhyped °
opportunity for _for financial service technology 0%
financial service firms firms 12-24 months 3-5 years 5+ years 10+ years
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

The Future of Clearing: Understanding the Options

e Guest speakers in this panel included Brian Ruane (CEO, Broker Dealer Services,
BNY Mellon), Lee Betsill (Chief Risk Officer, CME Group), Michael C. Bodson
(President & CEO, DTCC), John Horkan (Head of North America and Global COO,
Rates & FX, LCH, LSE Group) and Marcus Denne (Director, Global Clearing, BofA
Merrill Lynch).

« With the start of the Uncleared Margin Rule (UMR) on September 1st, we asked
investors what was the primary challenge related to the new clearing rules. Most
investors (95%) thought the rising cost, particularly in the amount of collateral
required (50%) and the complexity around infrastructure and different country rules
(45%) were the main issues.

Bankof America a 2016 Future of Financials Conference | 17 November 2016 47
Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014361
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019443.txt,"have no New York trustees, no property located in New York, and no New York-source income).
Second, the bill would eliminate a “loophole” that allows so-called incomplete gift, non-grantor trusts
(“INGs” or “DINGs,” if the trusts are created in Delaware) to completely avoid New York income tax; it
would do so by making the trust a “grantor trust” for New York income tax purposes — meaning that the
creator of the trust would be taxable on the trust’s income for New York purposes, even though the
creator is not taxable on that income for federal purposes. Although these proposals would be
retroactive to January 1, 2014 if enacted, some transition rules would apply: accumulation distributions
paid before June 1, 2014 would be exempt, and the ING rules would not apply to income from a trust
that is liquidated before June 1, 2014.

Comments. This proposed legislation reflects recommendations from the Trusts and Estates section of
the New York Bar Association that were included in the November 2013 report from the Tax Reform and
Fairness Commission. According to the bill's supporting memorandum, the provisions would increase
tax revenues by $75 million in fiscal year 2014-15, $225 million in fiscal year 2015-16, and $150 million
annually thereafter. In other words, these proposals are perceived as money-makers. Yet whether that
would indeed be the case remains to be seen: wealthy New Yorkers seem unlikely to view these
changes as “improvements” to the taxation of trusts, but rather, as another reason to move out of New
York.

January and February 7520 rates issued

The IRS has issued the January and February 2014 applicable federal rates: the January 7520 rate is 2.2%,
an increase of 0.20% (20 basis points) from December’s 2.0% rate. January’s mid-term rates are also up
slightly, and are: 1.75% (annual), 1.74% (semiannual and quarterly), and 1.73% (monthly). February's 7520
rate continues to climb: it is 2.4%, and the February mid-term rates are also up: 1.97% (annual), 1.96%
(semiannual and quarterly) and 1.95% (monthly). December’s mid-term rates were: 1.65% (annual), 1.64%
(semiannual and quarterly), and 1.63% (monthly).

Blanche Lark Christerson is a managing director at Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management in New York
City, and can be reached at blanche.christerson@db.com.

The opinions and analyses expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Deutsche Bank AG or any
affiliate thereof (collectively, the “Bank”). Any suggestions contained herein are general, and do not take into account an individual’s
specific circumstances or applicable governing law, which may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and be subject to change. No
warranty or representation, express or implied, is made by the Bank, nor does the Bank accept any liability with respect to the
information and data set forth herein. The information contained herein is not intended to be, and does not constitute, legal, tax,
accounting or other professional advice; it is also not intended to offer penalty protection or to promote, market or recommend any
transaction or matter addressed herein. Recipients should consult their applicable professional advisors prior to acting on the
information set forth herein. This material may not be reproduced without the express permission of the author. ""Deutsche Bank"" means
Deutsche Bank AG and its affiliated companies. Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management represents the asset management and wealth
management activities conducted by Deutsche Bank AG or its subsidiaries. Clients are provided Deutsche Asset & Wealth
Management products or services by one or more legal entities that are identified to clients pursuant to the contracts, agreements,
offering materials or other documentation relevant to such products or services. Trust and estate and wealth planning services are
provided through Deutsche Bank Trust Company, N.A., Deutsche Bank Trust Company Delaware and Deutsche Bank National Trust
Company. © 2014 Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management. All rights reserved. 017271 012914

Tax Topics 01/29/14 4

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019443
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021364.txt,"companion. They may be more capable
of responding to God emotionally.

All theologies have trade-offs.
This one offers an intensely personal and
person-like God. He can comfort, like a
friend, and respond directly, like a
friend. He can be like a real social
relationship for those who make the
effort to experience him in this way. But
because that social relationship lacks so
many features of actual human
sociality—no visible body, no
responsive face, no spoken voice—such
a theology demands a great deal of effort
from those who follow it. They must
constantly work with their attention,
reinterpreting the ordinary and natural
into the presence of the extra-ordinary
and super-natural. Faiths which manage
God differently—less personal, more
present in the everyday natural world—
make fewer demands on their followers’
attentional habits. But it may be,
perhaps, that such a God may be easier
to take for granted. Paradoxically, it may
be that this high-maintenance, effortful
God appeals to so many modern people
(as many as a quarter of all Americans,
according to a recent Pew study)
precisely because the work demanded
makes the God feel more real in a world
in which disbelief is such a real social
option.

References

' Scholars who contribute to this
perspective include Scott Atran, Justin
Barrett, Pascal Boyer, Stewart Guthrie,
and Harvey Whitehouse.

* These churches have been described by
Miller, D. 1997. Reinventing American
Protestantism. Berkeley: University of
California; see also Wuthnow, R. 1998.
After heaven: spirituality in America
since the 1950s. Berkeley: University of
California Press. A survey by the Pew

Page |118

Foundation 2006 (Pew, 2006, Spirit and
Power: Ten nation survey. Pew Forum
on Religion and Public Life) found that
23% of all Americans belong to a
loosely similar style of “renewalist
Christianity.”

* Good summaries of work on hypnosis
and dissociation, with some reference to
absorption, can be found in Spiegel, H.
and D. Spiegel. 2004[ 1978], Trance and
treatment. New York: Basic Books;
Seligman, R. and L. Kirmayer. 2008,
“Dissociative experience and cultural
neuroscience.” Culture, Medicine and
Psychiatry 32(1): 31-64; and Butler, L.
2006, “Normative dissociation.”
Psychiatric Clinics of North America.
29: 45-62.

“The empirical work is presented in
Luhrmann, T., H. Nusbaum and R.
Thisted. 2010. “The absorption
hypothesis.” American Anthropologist.
March; cf. Tellegen, A. and G. Atkinson.
1974, “Openness to absorption and self
altering experiences (“absorption”), a
trait related to hypnotic susceptibility.”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:
268-277

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021364
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028305.txt,"THE HOUSE OF THE NOBLEMAN
CURATED BY WOLFE VON LENKIEWICZ & VICTORIA GOLEMBIOVSKAYA

PRESS CLIPPING (INTERNET)

Ross M Brown

http://www.rossmbrown.co.uk/articles.html

News

Saatchi New Sensations 2010
28/09/10

| have been selected to exhibit at the Saatchi/Channel 4 New Sensations show in London alongside 20 other

graduates from across the country.

The exhibition will be held at 2 Cornwall Terrace next to Regent's Park from the 14th to the 20th of October. New
Sensations will be on display alongside the exhibition ""The House of the Noble Man"", curated by Wolfe von
Lenkiewicz.

25

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028305
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014728.txt,"Options Risk Statement

Potential Risk at Expiry & Options Limited Duration Risk

Unlike owning or shorting a stock, employing any listed options strategy is by definition
governed by a finite duration. The most severe risks associated with general options
trading are total loss of capital invested and delivery/assignment risk... all of which can
occur in a short period.

Investor suitability

The use of standardized options and other related derivatives instruments are
considered unsuitable for many investors. Investors considering such strategies are
encouraged to become familiar with the ""Characteristics and Risks of Standardized
Options"" (an OCC authored white paper on options risks). U.S. investors should consult
with a FINRA Registered Options Principal.

For detailed information regarding risks involved with investing in listed options:
http://Awww.theocc.com/about/publications/character-risks.jsp

Analyst Certification

|, David Woo, hereby certify that the views expressed in this research report accurately

reflect my personal views about the subject securities and issuers. | also certify that no
part of my compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific
recommendations or view expressed in this research report.

Bankof America
8 Cause and Effect | 13 February 2017 Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014728
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027036.txt,"From: Lisa New

Sent: 10/5/2013 7:26:32 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Or we could do the taping at my house. That would be totally delightful too

On Sat, Oct 5, 2013 at 1:59 PM, Lisa New <_EE > wrote:

Absolutely. 23rd is great. I teach my seminar that day at 1 but could tape in the morning or after class--in my
office (very private), or at the Harvardx studios (less) or in the Woodberry poetry room (the nicest place). . If
Woody wanted, we could bring some students into the taping or just do the two of us...

Woody is absolutely welcome to come to the seminar, of course
John McCain, Tony Kushner, Al Gore have all signed on the last 2 days...crazy

Lisa

On Sat, Oct 5, 2013 at 1:50 PM, Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
does the 23 work in cambridge

De eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee a

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Elisa New
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature
Harvard University

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027036
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025268.txt,"Equity styles

UBS view Prefer mid caps in US, large caps in Europe

° We believe that medium-sized companies (mid caps) will outperform large caps in the US. US economic
data is forecast to stabilize and then show moderate economic growth in the second half of 2012 and into
2013. The greater domestic sales exposure of US mid caps reduces the earnings risk coming from Europe.

e In Europe, we prefer companies with a large market capitalization (large caps) over ones with a small one
(small caps) in the current very challenging economic environment. Small caps generate more sales in
Continental Europe than large caps. Thus, they are more negatively affected by weak domestic demand.
Small caps also have a more cyclical earnings exposure than large caps.

¢ Globally, high-quality dividend paying stocks promise to provide a real and stable income stream to
investors in the current low-yield environment. Furthermore, they give exposure to the long-term potential
of equity markets while tending to suffer less in declining markets.

A Positive scenario Prefer value, low quality and small caps

e Leading indicators continue to move higher, and risks related to the Eurozone debt crisis subside. In this
case, add deep cyclical value (cheap price/book, price/earnings) regardless of the sector, with high beta and
high leverage. In such an environment, small and mid-cap stocks should also perform well. A dividend
strategy would be too defensive to outperform the market.

& Negative scenario Prefer quality and large caps

¢ The global economic picture deteriorates markedly. In this case, buy high-quality growth companies and
large caps. Do not look for value opportunities, but be as defensive as possible with your equity exposure.
Look to high-quality, dividend-paying stocks for yield.

Note: Scenarios refer to global economic scenarios (see slide 7).

What we're watching Why it matters

Earnings revisions — see
chart
(3-month moving

average upgrades vs.
downgrades)

Watch for signs of improvement in earnings revisions (aggregated from stock
level). An improved earnings outlook would cause investors to add more risk -
influencing our preferences among equity styles.

US and Eurozone PMls PMls are important for earnings generation and preferences for value, growth

and size. Key dates: Nov 2, PMI manufacturing Eurozone (final); Nov 1,
US ISM manufacturing

2 UBS

For further information please contact ClO's asset class specialist Christopher Wright, christopher-zb.wright@ubs.com

Regional differentiation

e In the US, we prefer mid caps to large
caps. Moderate economic growth should
support their earnings generation.

e In the US, there are opportunities in value
names that also show strong growth.

e Within Europe, we avoid small caps and
instead rotate into large caps.

Strategic (1 to 2 years)

e We expect value strategies to outperform
the European market over a multi-year
time horizon.

e Mid-cap stocks provide attractive
opportunities over the longer term.

Avoid small caps and favor large caps
in Europe
DJ STOXX small over large and business

confidence
1.3 10
{"" )
1.2 0
14 (5)
(10)
1.0 (15)
Large caps (20)
09 ' outperforming (95)
os (30)
(35)
o7 (40)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

=—— Small cap over large cap Eurozone business sentiment (rhs)

Source: Thomson Reuters, UBS, as of September 29, 2012

Note: Past performance is no indication for future returns.

21

Please see important disclaimer and disclosures at the end of the document.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025268
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018314.txt,"win. He moved onto the next stop. Same result. And the next. Same result. Eventually
Baran’s engineering colleagues back at RAND were so affronted by the routine
dismissal of his logic that they spoke up. They had seen the classified briefings. They
knew just how easily the nation could be hobbled - and their Santa Monica building
was surely on some target list somewhere too. RAND’s scientists demanded a
detailed, critical study of the “distributed network model”. By the time they were
finished, the Air Force was preparing to begin construction.

Survivability. Plucked from that impossible looking puzzle was the first honestly
distributed network. You can sense the power of this inversion: A network with no
central control, survivable, uncuttable. The earliest large network built on the
Baran’s principles became known as ARPANET, the Advanced Research Project
Agency NETwork - a mesh of connections that, even today, serves as the backbone
for parts of the Internet. Even with the risk of nuclear war (hopefully) long gone,
packet switching networks of one sort or another still account for most of the data
moving in the world. Think of how true, how heat-hardened and useful an idea must
be to endure more than fifty years of technological change. And all the efficiencies
Baran first predicted 50 years ago on his slide rules are still at work. Every time you
make a call, share a video or ask a machine to think for you, that whole transaction
likely takes place through fishnet routed packets. If we had stayed with that old
AT&T model, we'd be living in a different world. Riots would be flipped off with a
single switch. Data flows would be monitored with the ease of watching a subway
turnstile. The far flung, wild creativity of our plug-and-play connected world would
be stilted, stifled. Each additional connection to the system would demand
bureaucratic central approval by the Switch Despots, concerned more with their
own power more than their survival. Instead, we have a slice-resistant mesh that
has grown by a billion times over, with its original architecture largely intact.

Packet switched systems such as the Internet mean that anyone with some string
and an ability to tie knots (which, in tech-speak, is anyone with some blinking fiber
optics and a TCP/IP connection) can add themselves into the global web. They can
connect. They can share. Practically, this is why you can so easily snap your phone
or tablet on and touch, more or less instantly, a whole world of data. Every minute
now an additional 10,000 devices are connected to the Internet. Medical tools,
Bitcoin mines, airplane diagnostic systems - and of course wired citizens, smart-
phones and laptops and tablets. This ease of connection is an implicit part of a
Seventh Sense worldview. Anyone can connect. It’s as fundamental as Luther’s “Let
anyone can speak to God.” Or Kant’s “Dare to know.” When someone says “Why
would anyone want to share photos with the world?” or “Why would you ever hand
your DNA over?” they are missing the point that many objects now are only
complete or useful once they’re connected. When we say “connection changes the
nature of an object” we’re nodding towards the idea that constant connection is
almosta kind of right for devices and programs and people. Anyhow, it is certainly
a kind of yearning.

When we described network power as stretched between distribution and
concentration, we should understand too that it is this design of Baran’s that

82

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018314
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017027.txt,"handful of years after the year X itself. The lag between a year and its peak is partly due to the length of
the authorship and publication process. For instance, a book about the events of 1950 may be written
over the period from 1950-1952 and only published in 1953.

For each year, we estimated the slope of the exponential decay shortly past its peak. The exponent was
estimated using the slope of the curve on a logarithmic plot of frequency between the year Y+5 and the
year Y+25. This estimate is robust to the specific values of the interval, as long as the first value (here,
Y+5) is past the peak of Y, and the second value is in the fifty years that follow Y. The Inset in Figure 4A
was generated using 5 and 25. The half-life could thus be derived.

Half-life can also be estimated directly by asking how many years past the peak elapse before frequency
drops below half its peak value. These values are noisier, but exhibit the same trend as in Figure 4A,
Inset (not shown).

Trends similar to those described here may capture more general events, such as those shown in Figure
89.

IlI.7. The Pursuit of Fame

We study the fame of individuals appearing in the biographical sections of Encyclopedia Britannica and
Wikipedia. Given the encyclopedic objective of these sources, we argue these represent comprehensive
lists of notable individuals. Thus, from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia, we produce databases of
all individuals born between 1800-1980, recording their full name and year of birth. We develop a method
to identify the most common, relevant names used to refer to all individuals in our databases. This
method enables us to deal with potentially complicated full names, sometimes including multiple titles and
middle names. On the basis of the amount of biographical information regarding each individual, we
resolve the ambiguity arising when multiple individuals share some part, or all, their name. Finally, using
the time series of the word frequency of people’s name, we compare the fame of individuals born in the
same year or having the same occupation.

III.7A) Complete procedure

7.A.1 - Extraction of individuals appearing in Wikipedia.

Wikipedia is a large encyclopedic information source, with an important number of articles referring to
people. We identify biographical Wikipedia articles through the DBPedia engine (Ref $9), a relational
database created by extensively parsing Wikipedia. For our purposes, the most relevant component of
DBPedia is the “Categories” relational database.

Wikipedia categories are structural entities which unite articles related to a specific topic. The DBPedia
“Categories” database includes, for all articles within Wikipedia, a complete listing of the categories of
which this article is a member. As an example, the article for Albert Einstein
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein) is a member of 73 categories, including “German physicists”,
“American physicists”, “Violonists”, “People from Ulm” and “1879_births”. Likewise, the article for Joseph
Heller (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph Heller) is a member of 23 categories, including “Russian-

American Jews”, “American novelists”, “Catch-22” and “1923 _births’.

We recognize articles referring to non-fictional people by their membership in a “year_births” category.
The category “1879 births” includes Albert Einstein, Wallace Stevens and Leon Trotsky likewise
“1923 births” includes Henry Kissinger, Maria Callas and Joseph Heller while “1931_births” includes
Michael Gorbachev, Raul Castro and Rupert Murdoch. If only the approximate birth year of a person is

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017027
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015436.txt,"On top of that, my name was on a list of sixty-five “radical”
campus speakers, released by the House Internal Security Committee. The
blacklist was published in the New York Times, and picked up by
newspapers across the country. It might have been a coincidence, but my

campus speaking engagements stopped abruptly.

When | was assigned to write a piece for the Los Angeles Times, |
titled it “| Was a Comedian for the FBI,” because | mentioned that | had
once recognized a pair of FBI agents taking notes while | was performing
at the Community Church in New York. My FBI files later stated that |

“purported to be humorous about the government.” Since when did

taxpayers provide the funds to cover the FBI’ s theater critics squad?

The banner headline on the cover of that LA. 7imes Sunday
Calendar section blared out: Paul Krassner-- “1 Was a Communist for the
FBI.” \|n the San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen wrote,
“Fearing Krassner would sue, the 7imes recalled and destroyed some
300,000 copies at a cost of about $100,000. Krassner would have laughed,

not sued.” Or maybe | would've sued and laughed my ass off.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015436
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028311.txt,"THE HOUSE OF THE NOBLEMAN
CURATED BY WOLFE VON LENKIEWICZ & VICTORIA GOLEMBIOVSKAYA

PRESS CLIPPING (INTERNET)

http://stuartblakley.blogspot.com/2010/10/house-of-nobleman.html

The House of the Nobleman
Yes But Is It Art?

An Elegant Madness: High Society in Regency England

Saturday morning. What to do what to do? Fortunately a rather nice invite has arrived to the mysteriously named
House of the Nobleman. It's Before Midday and North of The River but said nobleman is allegedly a Russian
billionaire so it's hard to say no. Plus champers and canapés are champers and canapés. And it’s a gallery ina
house so really we have to check out the competition.

http://www.oakmayneproperties.com

“Highlight of Freeze!” shouts the press release. We'll see. First impressions are good. The house is on the Outer
Circle of The Regent’s Park and just like the theatre that’s the place to be hot. Important looking girl asks us have
we been invited. “Qu’est-ce que c’est?”

Indoors, the ceilings are surprisingly low for us six footers. The interior designer clearly has a penchant for egg-&-
dart cornicing. It’s everywhere, except where it’s broken by over-scaled doors. Marble bathrooms, lit stair treads,
shiny black kitchen. It’s all a bit bling for Lavender’s Blue taste and we don’t really do Post 1900 anyway.

But my gosh the art on display reads like a Who’s Who list. Here’s a tour:

""Is it Art or is it a Chair?"" asks Zelda in a loud stage whisper

But where's the Bubbly?
When Alvar met Andy on the landing

31

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028311
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021370.txt,"parent from within the field of variously
operative forces or influences on one’s
life, and for that reason the Christian
need neither fear God’s loss nor rue
God’s absence as one would such a
parent’s. Unlike relations with human
others, which are situation-sensitive and
thereby susceptible to change of
character, rupture, and decline, God,
Christians believe, is with one, whatever
happens, in exactly the same capacity--
as the creator and sustainer of whatever
it is that remains good about one’s life,
be that only at a minimum the bare fact
that one continues to live. The Christian
who believes God is his or her creator is
therefore confident that God continues to
work for his or her ultimate good, that
God is engaged in the effort to increase
it, whatever the impediments in human
life suggesting the contrary, absent, that
is, almost any confirming evidence.

The Problem of Inattention

Although invisibility and
apparent absence do not pose the same
problem here as they do when God is
one’s friend, this rather more impersonal
understanding of God’s influence as
creator and sustainer has its own
problem maintaining a strong sense of
connection to God. The diffuseness of
influence that lies behind God’s constant
invisible presence can prompt simple
Christian inattention to God. The very
monotony of the always pertinent
Christian affirmation that everything is
to be attributed to God can make that
affirmation recede from focal awareness,
make it fail to come focally to mind.
Belief in God’s uniform presence would
thereby become functionally
indistinguishable from the sense of
God’s absence. The invisibility of God
that follows from a belief in the
comprehensiveness of God’s influence
simply means in that case that God drops

124

Page

out of sight and mind, drops out of
Christian consideration for most intents
and purposes, most of the time. Such a
God has little to offer as a “para-social”
entity, as a factor fomenting or
supplementing a sense of social
connection.

In the back of their minds
Christians may believe that God is the
source of everything, but they may not
feel compelled to consider that fact
actively in the course of their everyday
lives. God hides behind, so to speak, all
the creaturely influences that God is
working through, which become matters
of primary Christian preoccupation. At
the center of attention are all the
ordinary influences and connections with
one’s natural and human environments;
preoccupation with them pushes out of
focal awareness the fact of God as the
ultimate source of them all. Apart from
specifically religious obligations—say,
the demand to give God thanks and
praise at times of worship—Christians
who believe God is their creator would
have no particular reason to dwell on
that fact.

Christian theologians commonly
tie this sort of practical worry--about
what from a Christian point of view
amounts to sinful neglect of one’s
connection to God--to the understanding
of double agency in the account of
creation I sketched above.“ According
to that account, it is true, God’s
influence on human life does not have to
go by way of the human and natural
causal powers and influences on human
life that God creates; God can influence
human life without producing sufficient
created causes for what God wants to
happen in human life. (The Christian
claim that Jesus was resurrected from the
dead—an event without natural causes--
is a case in point, one that Christians are

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021370
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027022.txt,"A country in which our children will want to
live, and your children will be proud of.

Ladies and gentlemen,
We are at a decisive juncture in our history...

As President Kennedy noted during the Cuban
Missile Crisis:

o ""The path we have chosen for the present
is full of hazards, as all paths are. But it is
the one most consistent with our character
and courage as a nation...""

| believe we possess the character and courage
as a nation to make those tough decisions for
the future, peace and security of the State of
Israel.

Please allow me to end with the millennia old
blessing:

o OWA Ny NRA! OWA, |N"" ny? Ty OWA

May the Lord bestow his people with courage;
may the Lord bless his people with peace.

14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027022
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018300.txt,"violent shift - “from citizen to citizen as equals”? The Church was merely one of
many institutions that had sat massively, reliably, comfortably (and greedily)
between people and power.

Luther, it later emerged, was not alone. An era of awkward answers had begun. The
Prussian astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, for instance, had preceded Luther by a
couple of decades with his own questioning of the unquestionable. “Those who
know that the consensus of many centuries has sanctioned the idea that the earth
remains at rest while the heavens move around it would regard it as an insane
pronouncement if I said the opposite,” he wrote. Machiavelli, Galileo, Erasmus, a
growing list of great, transformative names - they were all working away in this
same questioning spirit. Their insane pronouncements, when proven true, opened
the way to still further insights. The Enlightenment had begun. The old power
centers acted almost as if nothing had changed; maybe they believed nothing would
ever need to. “What was, still is,” the Catholic Church pronounced confidently (and
absurdly) at the Council of Trent in response to Luther’s Reformation. But there was
no turning back. As the German philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote, the motto of the
era could best be summarized as: Dare to know! “The Enlightenment,” he explained,
“requires nothing but freedom.”

This, it emerged, was a hell of an expensive requirement.
4.

In the years after Luther’s 95 Theses, Europe was torn apart. The continent’s
longstanding image of power - balled up, concentrated, unquestioned - was ripped
away. Another picture emerged. The idea of personal access to God, a kind of “one
man, one prayer” approach to religion, which opened in turn other fundamental
struggles. The credibility of nearly every sacred body that had once depended on
controlling people and limiting their choices - the Church, those kings, feudalism,
myths - faced a creeping erosion. “Human knowledge and human power come to the
same thing,” the English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon observed in the
midst of this shift in his artillery shell of a book The New Organum. Human
knowledge, he means, is human power. You can imagine the energy, the promise of
the book as it was passed in Latin copy to Kepler in his study in Linz (then Lintz), to
Gallileo in Venice a decade before his imprisonment. It was this same human power
to question even the most sacred ideas that the masses of Enlightenment Europe
would use, gleefully at times, to claw apart most of the old structures.?? Luther's
heresy led initially to the Wars of the Reformation, battles that pulled every
European royal family into a struggle between church and state, and then between
each other. The bloodletting of The Thirty Years War, the first truly pan-European

92 “The Enlightenment”: Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is
Enlightenment?” Kant: Political Writings, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1991) p. 54

93 “Human knowledge”: Francis Bacon, The New Organon. Cambridge Texts in the
History of Philosophy. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000) 32

68

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018300
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017033.txt,"l11.7.A.10 — Compare the fame of multiple individuals.

Having identified the best name candidate for every individual, we use the word frequency time series of
this name as a metric for the fame of the each individual. We now compare the fame of multiple
individuals on the basis of the properties of their fame signal. For this analysis, we group people
according to specific characteristics, which in the context of this work are the years of birth and the
respective occupations.

10) Assemble cohorts on the basis of a shared record property.
a. Fetch all records which match a specific record property, such as year of birth or
occupation.
b. Create fame cohorts comparing the fame of individuals born in the same year.
i. Use average lifetime fame ranking, done on the basis of the average fame as
computed from the birth of the individual to the year 2000.
c. Create fame cohorts for individuals with the same occupation.
i. Use most famous 20"" year, ranking on the basis of the 20"" best year in the
terms of fame for the individual.

III.7B. Cohorts of fame

For each year, we defined a cohort of the top 50 most famous individuals born that year. Individual fame
was measured in this case by the average frequency over all years after one's birth. We can compute
cohorts on the basis of names from Wikipedia, or Encyclopedia Britannica. In Figure 5, we used cohorts
computed with names from Wikipedia.

At each time point, we defined the frequency of the cohort as the median value of the frequencies of all
individuals in the cohort.

For each cohort, we define:

(1) Age of initial celebrity. This is the first age when the cohort's frequency is greater than 10-9. This
corresponds to the point at which the median individual in the cohort enter the ""English lexicon"" as
defined in the first section of the paper.

(2) Age of peak celebrity. This is the first age when the cohort's frequency is greater than 95% of its peak
value. This definition is meant to diminish the noise that exists on the exact position of the peak value of
the cohort's frequency.

(3) Doubling time of fame. We compute the exponential rate at which fame increases between the ‘age of
fame' and the 'age of peak fame’. To do so, we fit an exponential to the timeseries with the methods of
least squares. The doubling time is derived from the estimated exponent.

(4) Half-life of fame. We compute the exponential rate at which fame decreases past the year at which it
reaches its peak (which is later than the ""age of peak celebrity"" as defined above). To do so, we fit an
exponential to the timeseries with the methods of least squares. The half-life is derived from the
estimated exponent.

We show the way these parameters change with the cohort’s year of birth in Figure $13.

The dynamics of these quantities is sensibly the same when using cohorts from Wikipedia or from
Encyclopedia Britannica. However, Britannica features fewer individuals in their cohorts, and therefore the
cohorts from the early 49"" century are much noisier. We show in Figure $14 the fame analysis
conducted with cohorts from Britannica, restricting our analysis to the years 1840-1950.

In Figure 5E, we analyze the trade-offs between early celebrity and overall fame as a function of
occupation. For each occupation, we select the top 25 most famous individuals born between 1800 and
1920. For each occupation, we define the contour within which all points are close to at least 2 member of
the cohort (it is the contour of the density map created by the cohort).

25

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017033
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015422.txt,"was essentially a movement of young people involved in a generational
struggle. /nternational: |t was happening all over the globe, from Mexico to
France, from Germany to Japan. And Party: In both senses of the word. We
would 6ea party and we would Aavea party.

Yippie was only a label to describe a phenomenon that already
existed--an organic coalition of psychedelic dropouts and _ political
activists. There was no separation between our culture and our politics. In
the process of cross-pollination, we had come to share an awareness that
there was a linear connection between putting kids in prison for smoking
marijuana in this country and burning them to death with napalm on the
other side of the planet. It was just the ultimate extension of
dehumanization. But now reporters had a who for their lead paragraphs. A
headline in the Chicago Daily News summed it up: “Yipes! The Yippies Are
Coming!"" Our myth was becoming a reality.

3. In 1972, | found myself smoking a combination of marijuana and
opium with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Lennon was absentmindedly
holding on to the joint, and | asked him, “Do the British use that
expression, ‘Don’ t bogart that joint,’ or is it only an American term--you
know, derived from the image of a cigarette dangling from Humphrey

Bogart's lip?” He replied, with a twinkle in his eye, “In England, if you

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015422
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018749.txt,"Private Aircraft
“High Roller”
Terminals at LAS

MGM Grand | = | Triples

The Lot / a= Development
) . | Tee Project

~ Las Vegas Blvd

2K
aK 2 Convention Space
Excalibur al epee
| Ati Largest rotel 3rd Largest Hotel=stitje. MOA NDA AY. BAY
/ hs eee © 4,408 Rooms * 2nu Largest Hotel
na 4752-Rooms

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018749
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012704.txt,"Daily Business Review: Jeffrey Epstein's attorneys fight to keep plea discussions private Page 1 of 3

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Jeffrey Epstein's attorneys fight to keep plea discussions private

John Pacenti
2011-04-21 12:00:00 AM

Miami attorney Roy Black and two other high-profile attorneys who represented billionaire sex offender
Jeffrey Epstein have asked a federal judge to prohibit two alleged victims from obtaining correspondence
between the defense team and federal prosecutors who hammered out a nonprosecution agreement.

The two women identified in court papers only as Jane Doe | and Jane Doe 2 say the agreement should be
invalidated because they were not adequately informed of the plan not to file federal charges against Epstein.

The defense attorneys’ motion to intervene states the sanctity of plea talks would be undermined if U.S.
District Judge Kenneth Marra in West Palm Beach allows the correspondence to be used in the third-party
civil action brought by the alleged victims.

New York litigator Jay Lefkowitz and Boston criminal defense attorney Martin G. Weinberg joined Black in
the motion filed April 7.

The fight over the records comes amid claims that the defense strong-armed prosecutors into a cushy deal for
Epstein.

""The release of these letters and the precedent it would establish would have a severe chilling effect on the
lawyers’ ability to engage in candid settlement discussions with the government in future cases,"" the 13-page
motion reads. ""Indeed, to the extent such written correspondence is deemed discoverable by third parties,
criminal defense attorneys and the government's lawyers alike would lose the ability to negotiate such
agreements.”

The alleged victims maintain evidence shows Epstein molested more than 30 girls from 2001 to 2007, luring
them to his Palm Beach mansion on the pretext of giving him a massage.

As part of the nonprosecution agreement, he pleaded guilty to a state charge of soliciting sex with a minor and

http://www.dailybusinessreview.com/PubArticleFriendlyDBR.jsp?id=1202490901297 4/21/2011

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012704
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031732.txt,"From: 
Sent: 4/7/2017 12:28:56 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
i asked him about trump and russians he said maybe some truth there,If you want to meet him just give me the wordjf 
In a message dated 4/7/2017 8:21:25 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes: 
why dont you suggest to him that the real money making book is getting to the truth of the claims. unvierstiy of 
virgina. no penalty for fals accusations. . hockey team no penalty for accusations. . trump 13 yeara old rape 
accusation no penaltiy etc. mine is ripe with same 
On Fri, Apr 7, 2017 at 8:11 AM, < > wrote: 
Do you want me to arrange it? be careful jf 
In a message dated 4/7/2017 8:06:20 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes: 
im happy to meet him 
On Fri, Apr 7, 2017 at 7:39 AM, Jonathan Farkas wrote: 
Went to opening of war paint last night was sitting next to john Connolly at after party he is on to his next book about 
Ef Hutton murders apparently was going to put me in your book because I was in your visitors list but somers and 
Margo nederlander asked him not to which pisses me off I have never been in a big book before and I think it would 
have been great and they never even asked me I told him about how you called Apple best jonathan 
Sent from my iPhone 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031732 
Idestroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031733 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018991.txt,"7/13/06 PALM BEACH POLICH DEPARTMENT Page: 38

9:27:55 oO Incident Report Program: CMS301L
Case No. .. . : 1-05-000368 (Continued)
pushing to go further and further. [J explained she would keep b6
telling him she had a boyfriend and that it would not be right to her b7c

boyfriend. It wasn t until recently[__]|admitted to removing her
clothes and staying in her thong underwear to provide a massage.
[)] explained Jeff wanted to be rubbed on his back and recently he
began turning over to have her rub his chest as he masturbated. He
would try to touch her breasts as she rubbed his chest. [L__]stated,
Jef£ would t et away with more and more on each massage.

Cg. snalty, [lglife: ov: her to the house for the original massage.
co ieet her cell phone number and every time Jeff would come

into town, HEBBJ would call her for an appointment. Each time she
went, would meet her at the kitchen door area. She would bring

her upstairs and prepare the massage table. advil uld
ask her questions about herself. He knew she was and
would_be attending | Lt asked if he knew her real

age, stated Je 1an care. The most recent massage she
provided was on October 1, 2005. During the massage she asked Jeff if
she_could_ borrow one of his vehicles to visit her family and boyfriend
inl. Jeff had told she could borrow one of his vehicles but
later stated he would rent her a car. She continued with the massage
as Jeff grabbed her buttocks and caressed the buttocks cheeks. I
asked if she was wearing undergarments to which she replied her
thong underwear. Once he tried to touch her breasts she would pull
away from him and he would stop. [_—__] was asked if he ever used a
vibrator on her. [__]was aware of the vibrator but advised she
never would allow him to use the vibrator on her. She described the
vibrator as a large white vibrator with a huge head on the tip of the
vibrator. She stated he kept the vibrator in a closet near the
massage table. [____] advised she had been doing the massage for
approximately two years, which meant she would have started doing
massages for Jeff at the age of sixteen.

[| stated she was contacted by MMM on October 3, 2005. [EBB haa
informed her that Jeff had rented her a new Nissan Sentra and she
should come by the house to_pick it up. ME informed [___] she would
have the car for a month. Co] statea Jeff knew her car was not
working properly and had missed appointments in the past because of
her car being inoperable. [__Jexplained the car is currently parked
next to the Gym field. I asked her if she ever took any one to the
house. [____]explained she took[—[_—“‘®N’W”CsdWCA:«sSEKGlet OF hers who
has returned to Orlando to attend college. I asked she ever allowed
another female in the room. [____]advised no one was brought into the
room with her. At the conclusion of the interview, Det. Dawson and I
went to the Gym area and located the Silver Nissan Sentra bearing
Florida tag X98-APM. The vehicle is. registered to Dollar rent a car
out of the Palm Beach International Airport.

Telephone contact was made with[L_————C™C—C*ds«SUhe:~Victim's mother, at
Cd I explained to her that I was following up on this case
and provided a complete update on the case.

Investigation Continues.

~ HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018991 |
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014375.txt,"electronification is something that pays dividends, these benefits occur over time.
That said, general sentiment from asset managers is that electronification is
something they want as it leads to efficiency.

Chart 90: As you think about corporate strategy for asset managers, how open is your firm with

embracing new technologies/electronification in the fixed income space?
60%

50%
40%
30%
20%

10%

0%

Top priority in corporate Modest priority in corporate Low priority in corporate
strategy strategy strategy

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

= ETF market for fixed income securities expected to grow significantly. Unlike in
the equities market where ETFs are 7% of the volume traded, fixed income ETFs
are still sub-1% (0.8% at YE15). As the market continues to grow, particularly in the
asset classes where the underlying bonds aren’t that liquid, Mr. Callahan noted
seeing increased liquidity in the ETFs for liquidity reasons. Following in the
footsteps of the equities market, Mr. Callahan expects the fixed income ETF market
to grow significantly and be very impactful to the overall market structure.

= Greater concern around speed at which liquidity can change vs. liquidity in the
market. There is a lot of concern around liquidity in fixed income markets. That
said, Mr. Brown is more concerned with the speed at which liquidity can change.
There has been growing evidence that the market is going to adjust greater and
faster than the underlying fundamental reasons for the correction. As such, this is
causing participants to revisit how they look at risk management. Now market
participants need to take into account not only their behavior, but their reaction to
other participants’ behavior (i.e. contagion effect).

= Fewer, well-established platforms reduce overall risk within system. Eighty-nine
(89%) percent of the audience polled prefer to conduct business with a few, well-
established platforms to diminish risk within the system. Using the government
bond market as an example, Mr. Olesky points out that the growing contribution
from PTFs to the overall treasury trade volume has increased the risk outside the
primary-dealer system. This is a risk Mr. Olesky believes needs to be addressed and
prefers a central clearinghouse for fixed income transactions.

Bankof America isa
Merrill Lynch 2016 Future of Financials Conference | 17 November 2016 61

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014375
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019457.txt,"10

key sil

Fa ell el a en ee, |
NL. AY TTA

Centre De Formation Technique Pour
L’Avancement Des Jeunes Du Sud’Est Inc.

Results

Research and Market (2010) research identified the global plan of South Korean company, Sae-A
Trading Company Limited, that has built an industrial park and garment making operation in Haiti
with the financial support of the World Bank's IFC financing arm and the U.S. State Department.
This has provided an initial 20,000 people jobs. Furthermore, A USAID funded Apparel Training
Center opened its doors in August 2010 to assist in the training of individuals to rebuild the
industrial garment industry in Haiti. Both projects have received the full backing of the Haitian
government as well as the U.S. government.

There were various investigations and researches aimed to identify the best areas to invest and
market opportunities in Haiti. In order to combine and identify the main trends, the most reliable
and authoritative sources were selected and investigated. The list given below provides the summary
of the findings:

e Apparel sector, agribusiness, electronics (US Trade and Developing Agency cited by
Fagenson, n.d.);

e Apparel, agribusiness, and tourism (Haitian Investment Facilitation Center, 2010);

e Apparel (Research and Marketing, 2010);

e Development and trade of raw and processed agricultural products; medical supplies and
equipment; rebuilding and modernizing Haiti's depleted infrastructure; developing tourism
and allied sectors--including arts and crafts; and improving capacity in waste disposal,
transportation, energy, telecommunications, and export assembly operations (U.S..
Department of State, 2008).

e Apparel, telecommunications, reforestation, agribusiness, call centers (Clinton, 2010).

According to Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) act, a U.S. company has duty-free
export of many Haitian products assembled from U.S. components or materials. Therefore, U.S.
companies can outsource labor force from Haiti and experience exclusion from taxes in Haiti.
Moreover, they would have less transportation expenses if compared to China, Vietnam, or Tatwan.
The HOPE and HOPE II (Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement)
Act is another positive legal document for the businesses from the U.S. According to this act, there
ate additional duty-free preferences for qualifying apparel/textiles products and automotive wire
harnesses.

Additionally, The Haitian Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act that was passed in May 2010
expands the duty-free treatment of imported apparel made in Haiti or the Dominican Republic.
These new regulations are developed to attract large corporations and apparel manufacturers,
especially from South Korea and Brazil (U.S. Department of State, 2010; PRS Group, 2005;
Research and Markets, 2010).

PO Box 666 Brentwood, NY 11717 © Phone (631) 273-4100 © Fax (631) 273-4111 © yair@cefotaj.org © Wwww.cefotaj.org

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019457
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019331.txt,"projects. These include a video series on poetry and science now running with award-winning
magazine Nautilus, a collaboration with distinguished poet Robert Pinsky and his Favorite Poem
Project, and an expansion of our poetry film series with partners at The Nantucket Project. Advised
by a stellar and diversely talented board, Verse Video Education is looking toward sustainability. We
are now discussing distribution of new content with a variety of stakeholders, including media
providers in China.

New Harvard Partner: Bok Center for Teaching and Learning

Meanwhile, Poetry in America has deepened its partnership and formulated a plan for growth going
forward at Harvard. This fall, Harvard's Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mike Smith,
endorsed the integration and expansion of my public-facing humanities work within the Derek Bok
Center for Teaching and Learning. As a Bok Fellow this year, and alongside Bok director Rob Lue in
the years to come, | will be working to substantially expand Bok's capacity and resources to train
humanists in 21st-century methods of public engagement-- developing courses, digital fellowship
opportunities and also securing distribution outlets and partners for content produced in Bok by
Harvard humanists. By next year at this time, | will be turning some of my attention beyond poetry
(my favorite, but hardly the only humanistic mode of communication!) to create a wider base of
humanities materials for use in American schools and other institutions. We will begin integrating and
anchoring Poetry in America content (on art, sport and play; on the environment; and on health and
well being) with content created by others. As | continue to experiment with use of digital media
within my residential courses for undergraduates and graduates, | shall also be working with other
faculty and graduate students. My work at Bok will also facilitate collaborations between humanists
working across the whole university. Projects for 2017 include work with HarvardX on drama and
Shakespeare, with Harvard’s Center for the Environment, with the Arts and Humanities Initiative at
Harvard Medical School, and with several programs within Harvard’s Graduate School of Education.

Launching in 2017: Our First Course Designed Specifically for Teachers

Verse Video Education has allocated much of its staff time this year to bringing its first course
designed specifically to support the American secondary classroom to completion. Poetry in America
for Teachers: The City from Whitman to Hip Hop draws on assets created at HarvardX, along with
footage captured with our TV partners and independently by Verse Video Education. The resulting
course, designed for English, Social Studies, and Arts teachers, as well as for librarians,
administrators and others, provides deep content instruction as well as pedagogical training.
Common Core aligned, this course, the first of its kind, is now open for enrollment, and will launch
January 23rd. We are currently discussing group enrollments with major educational systems and
reformers across the nation, and we are also raising scholarship funds for strapped enrollees. Over
time, we hope to play a leading role in improving literacy and in strengthening the humanities across
the American educational landscape.

Airing Nationwide in 2018: Poetry in America, The Television Series
In May 2016, Verse Video Education was asked by WGBH and American Public Television to
expand its television series in development from 8 to 13 episodes, listed below.

The following episodes are entering post-production:

On Edward Hirsch’s “Fast Break”: Shaquille O'Neal, Pau Gasol, Shane Battier, Edward Hirsch,
and an on-court pick-up basketball chorus filmed at Success Academy Charter School; On W.H.
Auden’s “Musee Des Beaux Arts”: Ambassador Samantha Power, David Brooks, Peter Sacks; On
Robert Hayden’s “Those Winter Sundays”: Vice President Joe Biden, Elizabeth Alexander,
Angela Duckworth, Kevin Young, and a chorus of fathers and sons; On Carl Sandburg’s
“Skyscraper”: Frank Gehry, Robert Polito, and a chorus of Young Student Poets; On Nas’s “New
York State of Mind”: Nas, Russell Simmons, Salamishah Tillet, Steve Stoute, and a chorus of hip

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019331
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032195.txt,"2D

oppressive, militarized or, perhaps worse, anarchic environment.
Indeed, as Berlin intimates, what follows dictatorial rule will not
inevitably further the cause of individual liberty and well-being.
Absent relentless, large-scale human-rights violations, soft landings
for nondemocratic regimes are always preferable to hard ones, even if
the process takes some time. A moral argument can be made that
monsters like Muammar el-Qaddafi in Libya and Kim Jong-il in
North Korea should be overthrown any way they can, as fast as we
can, regardless of the risk of short-term chaos. But that reasoning
quickly loses its appeal when one is dealing with dictators who are
less noxious. And even when they are not less noxious, as in the case
of Iraq’s Saddam Hussein, the moral argument for their removal is
still fraught with difficulty since the worse the autocrat, the worse the
chaos left in his wake. That is because a bad dictator eviscerates
intermediary institutions between the regime at the top and the
extended family or tribe at the bottom—professional associations,
community organizations, political groups and so on—the very stuff
of civil society. The good dictator, by fostering economic growth,
among other things, makes society more complex, leading to more
civic groupings and to political divisions based on economic interest
that are by definition more benign than tribal, ethnic or sectarian
divides. A good dictator can be defined as one who makes his own
removal less rife with risk. While the logical conclusion of Mill’s
essay 1s to deny the moral right of dictatorship, his admission of the
need for obedience to an Akbar or a Charlemagne at primitive levels
of social development leaves one facing the larger question: Is
transition from autocracy to democracy always virtuous? For there is
a vast difference between the rule of even a wise and enlightened
individual like the late-sixteenth-century Mogul Akbar the Great and
a society so free that coercion of the individual by the state only ever
occurs to prevent the harm of others. It is such a great disparity that

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032195
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021247.txt,"﻿Page | 1
Invisible Forces and Powerful Beliefs:
Gravity, Gods, and Minds
By the
Chicago Social Brain Network
FT Press
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Page | 2
Invisible Forces and Unseen Powers:
Gravity, Gods, and Minds
Preface
1. Invisible Forces Operating on Human
Bodies
Gravity is an invisible force that holds us
to the surface of the earth, and the fact
that gravity is invisible does not place it
beyond scientific scrutiny. Similarly,
humans are a quintessentially social
species whose need for social connection
produces invisible forces on our brain,
behavior, and biology that are subject to
scientific investigation. Among these are
forces that compel us to seek trusting and
meaningful connections with others and
to seek meaning and connection with
something bigger than ourselves. The
story of these invisible forces speaks to
who we are as a species.
From Selfish Genes to Social Brains
2. The Social Nature of Humankind
The human brain has evolved under the
guidance of selfish genes to produce
more than a brain that is capable of
powerful, isolated information
processing operations. The human brain
also evolved with inherent capacities for
social cognition, compassion, empathy,
bonding, coordination, cooperation,
values, mortality and a need for social
connection that extends beyond kin and
even other individuals.
From Inclusive Fitness to Spiritual
Striving 
 
3. Science, Religion, and a Revised
Religious Humanism
The dialogue between science and
religion, if properly pursued, can usher in
a new era of religious humanism in the
leading world religions. Their central
beliefs and practices largely would
remain intact, but their views of nature
and their concerns with health and wellbeing
would be refined through their
conversations with the sciences. How
this model would work is discussed in
terms of the relation between love and
health in Christian theology – especially
the tension between the agape, caritas,
and eros models of Christian love.
 
The Status of the Body Politic and the
Status of the Body Itself
 
4. Health by Connection: From Social
Brains to Resilient Bodies
Most people feel socially connected most
of the time. Felt connectedness is
typically taken for granted, but the
effects of its absence, as experienced in
feelings of isolation, demonstrate that
our evolutionary heritage as a social
species has potent implications for health
and well-being.
 
From Relationships to People and
Groups to Relationships with God 
 
5. Psychosomatic Relations: From
Superstition to Mortality
It has long been recognized that mental
states can impact health and well being,
but the causal pathways have only
recently begun to be understood.
Thoughts, beliefs and attitudes can have
powerful effects on physiological
functions, health and disease. Examples
range from superstitious beliefs
associated with voodoo, bone pointing,
or other black rituals to the more positive
states associated with spirituality. The
present essay considers these disparate
psychological states and how they might
translate into physiological effects
having real health implications.
 
The Mind and Body Are One 
 
6. The Suspension of Individual
Consciousness and the Dissolution of
Self and Other Boundaries
A special case of social interaction
concerns two or more individuals
engaging in temporally coordinated
Page | 3
actions that imply particular timing
patterns such as synchrony or rhythmic
turn taking such as applauding in unison
or the ‘wave’ that is produced by
thousands of individual sports fans in a
stadium. A model to explain such
synchronized behavior is proposed in
terms of the neural processes that are
jointly recruited. One of the main
implications suggested by this model is
that taking part in or being part of a
synchronized social interaction gives rise
to a qualitative shift in subjective
experience due to the difficulty of
applying an individual centered
explanation to collectively produced
spontaneous co-action.
You and I as One
7. Action at a Distance: The Invisible
Force of Language
Language forms the fabric of our social
institutions and makes tangible the nature
of our relationships. Although the
function of language is typically viewed
in terms of the information content that it
provides, some of the social function of
language may depend on the way it
affects us. The idea of language impact
– how language directly affects our
emotions and social connections – may
be fundamental to the way the social
brain functions to connect people.
 
Systems and Signals for Social
Coordination  
8. Hidden Forces in Understanding
Others: Mirror Neurons and
Neurobiological Underpinnings
Specific brain regions in the monkey
contain individual brain cells, or neurons,
that respond to both observation and
execution of identical hand and mouth
actions. Brain imaging in humans has
demonstrated that our brains have
similarly localized regions with similar
properties. These areas respond to
execution of goal-directed actions of the
hand and mouth and during observation
of the same or similar actions.
Interestingly, these brain regions in the
human are also responsive to observation
and imitation of facial movements, and
appear to be sensitive to their emotional
content.
 
Connecting and Binding Social Brains
and Minds
 
9. Empathy and Interpersonal Sensitivity
Empathy is thought to play a key role in
motivating prosocial behavior, guiding
our preferences and behavioral
responses, and providing the affective
and motivational base for moral
development. While folk conceptions of
empathy view it as the capacity to share,
understand and respond with care to the
affective states of others, neuroscience
research demonstrates that these
components can be dissociated. Empathy
is not a unique characteristic of human
consciousness, but it is an important
adaptive behavior that evolved with the
mammalian brain. However, humans are
special in the sense that high-level
cognitive abilities (language, theory of
mind, executive functions) are layered on
top of phylogenetically older social and
emotional capacities. These higher level
cognitive and social capacities expand
the range of behaviors that can be driven
by empathy.
 
Seeing into My Mind and Other Minds
 
10. Seeing Invisible Minds
Other minds are inherently invisible.
Being able to ""see"" them requires
learning about other minds, attending to
other minds, and projecting one's own
mind onto others, and seeing minds in
other agents can mean the difference
between treating others as humans versus
as objects.
 
Inferring Minds When None Can be
Seen
 
11. Anthropomorphism: Human
Connection to a Universal Society
Page | 4
The human motivation for social
connection extends beyond the boundary
of the human in the (often
misunderstood) religious language of
anthropomorphism. In this chapter, an
infamous sermon from colonial
America—“Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God”—is used to illustrate the
way anthropomorphic language works to
incorporate human society in a web of
ethical obligations that connect to the
natural environment and, by imaginative
extension, to the universe as a whole.
 
Personifications of God
 
12. How Does God Become Real
Becoming a person of faith is not so
much about acquiring certain beliefs
but about learning to use one’s mind
in particular ways; the often intensely
private experience of God is built
through a profoundly social learning
process.
 
Belief and Connection
 
13. Theological Perspectives on God as
an Invisible Force
The beliefs that religious individuals
hold about the way God operates in
human life are potential factors affecting
perceived social isolation. My paper
discusses a specific type of such belief
that is common in the history of
Christian thought: the belief that God is
an invisible force of a rather impersonal
sort working for the good in everything
that happens. The paper argues that this
sort of belief has as great or greater
potential than belief in God as a personal
friend to give one the sense that one is
never alone, but the conception of God
as pervasive can also lead to inattention
and disconnection.
 
The Elusiveness of Meaningful
Connection
 
14. Visible Efforts to Change Invisible
Connections
Despite the human need for social
connection, many individuals are lonely
because they are unable to create
meaningful social bonds. Interventions
designed to reduce loneliness have not
been successful, suggesting that a better
understanding of loneliness, social
connection, and the obstacles to forming
meaningful connections with others is
needed.
 
Reflections on Invisible Connections
 
15. Social Brain, Spiritual Medicine?
Science and religion are inextricably
intertwined in the practice of medicine.
Science has provided modern medicine
with extraordinary diagnostic and
therapeutic capacities that can be
employed to care for patients. Religions
provide a fuller vision for the worthiness
of caring for the sick, a framework to
guide the application of medical science
in that endeavor, and practices that
strengthen the human capacity for
treating patients as the mindful persons
they are.
Invisible Forces 
16. Epilogue
Invisible forces that connect individuals
to society, or to each other, have effects
at both ends of the connection. As
humans we are fundamentally individual
and fundamentally social. We
encompass both the pursuit of rational
self interest of Homo economicus and the
pursuit of approval, belonging, and
intimacy of Homo socialis, the former
grounded in eros, the latter in agape.
These forces acting together represent a
signature feature of Homo sapiens (the
wise ones) and have contributed a record
of influence and impact– both positive
and negative –that is unmatched in
biology.
Page | 5
Preface
We view our past through a
reverse telescope, making it seem like
contemporary events are a much larger
part of our history than they are.
Hominids have been estimated to have
evolved about 7 million years ago, with
our species having evolved only within
approximately the last 1% of that period.
The human brain was sculpted by
evolutionary forces over tens of
thousands of years, whereas the human
achievements we take for granted, such
as civilizations, law, and art, have
emerged only during the past few
thousands of years. A mere 300 years
ago, theology and philosophy were the
principal disciplinary lenses through
which the world was viewed, and from
which explanations and instruction were
sought. Advances in science over the
past 300 years have transformed how we
think, act, and live. Nearly every aspect
of human existence, ranging from
agriculture, commerce, and
transportation to technology,
communication, and medicine, has been
transformed by contemporary science.
We have no hesitation to accept
scientific explanations of physical
entities being influenced by invisible
forces such as gravity, magnetism, and
genes. But when human mentation and
behavior are the objects to be explained,
deterministic scientific accounts seem to
many to be less satisfying.
For some, science and modernity
are akin to the apple in the Garden of
Eden, responsible for our fall from
Grace. For others, theology and religion
represent little more than the stuff of
superstition with no place in an educated
society.
About six years ago, we had the
opportunity to create a most unusual
group of scholars to examine questions
about the invisible forces acting on,
within, and between human bodies.
Superb scholars who individually had
made major contributions to their own
disciplinary field – fields as divergent as
neuroscience and medicine to
philosophy and theology – were invited
to form an interdisciplinary network of
scholars to consider such questions. The
development of these discussions even
over the first few meetings truly
astonished us all. We decided to share
what we learned through the present
book, which represents a different
perspective, one in which our
understanding of human nature is
enriched by serious insights and scrutiny
that each perspective has to offer.
Theology and religion have always
relied on unseen forces as the basis for
explanations of human behavior and
experience. Science has been able to
explicate those forces even if along
different lines than originally conceived.
As we start to consider some of the more
complex aspects of human nature,
science and theology may be able to
work together to shed light on some of
these complexities.
We begin this preface and each
chapter with a word cloud produced
using Wordle at http://www.wordle.net.
In the case of this preface, it illustrates
key concepts that are found in this book.
In the case of the chapters, the word
cloud in each provides a visualization of
Page | 6
the key terms and ideas expressed in that
chapter. Each chapter, in turn,
represents a contribution led by a
particular member to the network but
broadened to reflect the interactions of
the network on that topic. Perusal of the
word clouds across chapters makes the
flow of ideas more visible. Together,
the chapters speak to who we are as a
species and the nature of the invisible
forces that make us such a unique
species. For instance, humans seem to
strive for social connections in a variety
of ways from friendships to
identification with groups to religious
affiliations. A major thesis of this book
is that we are fundamentally a social
species, and that this journey is less a
march toward isolation and autonomy
than it is a march to competence,
interdependence, coordination,
cooperation, and social resilience.
Guiding us through this journey are our
social brains, which have evolved to
create anything but a blank slate at birth.
We owe a debt of thanks to many
for their contributions and support over
the years, but we owe special thanks to
Barnaby Marsh for approaching us with
the idea of forming such a network and
for his many contributions to the
network, and to the John Templeton
Foundation for their support and for their
encouragement to pursue questions,
ideas, and conclusions of our science
regardless of where they led.
Page | 7
Chapter 1 1
Invisible Forces Operating on Human
Bodies
We may believe we know why
we think, feel, and act as we do, but
various forces influence us in ways that
are largely invisible to our senses.
Gravity is an invisible force that holds us
to the surface of the earth, and
magnetism is an invisible force that we
use in everyday life. The fact that
gravity and magnetism are invisible to us
does not place them beyond scientific
scrutiny. Similarly, there are a host of
forces that, over the course of human
evolution, have emerged to influence our
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Because many of these forces are
1 The Chicago Social Brain Network is a group
of more than a dozen scholars from the
neurosciences, behavioral sciences, social
sciences, and humanities who share an interest in
who we are as a species and the role of
biological and social factors in the shaping of
individuals, institutions, and societies across
human history.
The scientists and scholars in the
Network differ in background, epistemologies,
beliefs, and methods. After five years of
working together, we found a common set of
themes to have emerged in our work despite the
differences among us. These themes, which
provide a different perspective on how we might
think about human history, experience, and
spirituality, are examined here and explored in
more detail in subsequent chapters.
elemental, we will be dealing with an
area of human behavior that has also
been addressed for centuries by various
religions. Among these are forces that
compel us to seek trusting and
meaningful connections with others and
to seek meaning and connection with
something larger than ourselves. The
story of these invisible forces speaks to
who we are and what our potential might
be as a species. In short, it is the story
of the human mind.
The mind can be thought of as
the structure and processes responsible
for cognition, emotion, and behavior. It
is now widely recognized that many
structures and processes of the mind
operate outside of awareness, with only
the end products reaching awareness,
and then only sometimes. But clearly we
know a great deal about the mind from
what we experience through our senses.
It is just commonsense that we know the
shape or color of an object from simply
seeing it.
Or do we? It is obvious that the
tops of the tables depicted in the top
panel of Figure 1 differ in size and
shape. You may be surprised to learn
that your mind is fooling you, that the
tops of the table are precisely the same
size and shape. If you don’t believe it,
trace and cut a piece of paper the size of
one table
top and
then place
it over the
other.
Selfevident
truths can sometimes be absolutely false.

Page | 8
The science of the mind is not
unique in this regard. As the historian
Daniel Boorstin (1983, 1) noted:
Nothing could be more obvious
than that the earth is stable and
unmoving, and that we are the
center of the universe. Modern
Western science takes its
beginning from the denial of this
commonsense axiom . . .
Common sense, the foundation
of everyday life, could no longer
serve for the governance of the
world. When “scientific”
knowledge, the sophisticated
product of complicated
instruments and subtle
calculations, provided
unimpeachable truths, things
were no longer as they seemed.”
(p. 294)
And just as the observation that we roam
on stable ground led to the incorrect
inference that we are the center of the
universe, so too is the modern notion
that the human brain is a solitary,
autonomous instrument whose
connections with other brains is a matter
of deliberate choice and of no real
import.
The human brain, the organ of
the mind, is housed deep within the
cranial vault, where it is protected and
isolated from others, so it may seem
obvious that the brain is a solitary
information processing device that has
no special means of connecting with
other brains. But we are fundamentally
a social species. Faces, expressive
displays, and human speech receive
preferential processing in neonate as
well as adult brains. When a person
feels rejected by others, their brain
shows the same pattern of activation as
when they are exposed to a physically
painful stimulus. Permit a person to
cooperate with others, and their brain
shows the same pattern of activation as
when they are given a rich reward such
as delicious food or drink. We may not
be aware of it, but human evolution has
sculpted a human need for social
connection, along with neural circuits
and hormonal processes that enable and
promote communication and connection
across brains. As we shall see in the
chapters to follow, our sociality is an
important part of who we are as a
species and it plays an important though
often invisible role in the operations of
our brain and our biology. Among the
questions we examine is whether our
social brain also contributes to the
ubiquitous human quest for spirituality.
The Chicago Social Brain Network
For hundreds of years, theology
and philosophy were the hub disciplines
of scholarship, and other fields of
inquiry orbited around this dyad and
were tightly constrained by it. Over the
past three centuries, the sciences have
come into their own, displacing theology
and philosophy at the center of the
academic universe. In so doing, they
have produced extraordinary advances in
everyday life. People may reminisce
about the good old days, but thanks to
science and technology the amount of
total income spent on the necessities of
food, clothing, and shelter dropped from
80% in 1901 to 50% in 2002/2003. Yet
there remains an inchoate sense that
something is missing in our lives,
something intangible and elusive.
Science has improved our material lives,
but improvements in material life may
not be enough to optimize human well
being.
Can these two very different
ways of seeing the world be used
Page | 9
synergistically to shed new light on the
human mind? In the Fall of 2004, we
established an ongoing network of more
than a dozen scholars unbounded by
disciplinary precincts, geographical
borders, or methodological perspectives
to set aside antagonisms that had grown
up between science and humanities in
order to explore this question. These
Network scholars hail from disciplines
as disparate as psychology, neurology,
theology, statistics, philosophy, internal
medicine, anthropology, and sociology.
Each of these scholars was well known
in their own field and were busy with
other obligations, but it was the
opportunity to achieve a deeper, more
comprehensive discussion of the human
mind that made it worth the time and
effort it required to be part of the
Network.
Although various members of the
Network interact on a daily or weekly
basis, the entire Network convenes twice
annually for a four-day retreat to discuss
each other’s research, to critique each
other and to learn from one other.
Scientific analyses characterized by
rigorous experimental designs and data
analytic strategies are interlaced with
rich philosophical, theological, and
historical analyses of the same questions
about invisible forces that act on us all.
The dialogue between the Network
scientists and the scholars from the
humanities and theology is bidirectional.
For instance, the beliefs and behavior
described in the humanities and theology
are rich in hypotheses that can now be
tested empirically, and the measures and
methods of the behavioral sciences and
neurosciences now permit rigorous
investigation of some of these
hypotheses. Each of the Network
members brings a unique perspective to
the study of the human mind, and the
provocative story of the mind that is
emerging from the collective efforts of
the Network is the subject of this book.
The Network is unconventional
in other ways, as well. Traditionally,
scientists and scholars work together to
achieve a common understanding and a
consensus position. We quickly learned
that we did not need to come to a
consensus to benefit tremendously from
the dialogue on the capacity and
motivation for the ubiquitous human
quest for sociality and spirituality. For
instance, there is no consensus within
the Network on whether there is a God,
and we do not seek here to provide the
final word on what science and the
humanities each have to say to the other
about the human mind. Instead, our
purpose is to illustrate the possibility and
importance of engaging others whose
views we may not share in a serious
dialogue on such topics. Among the
lessons we as a Network have learned
are:
1. that some questions about human
nature and our social and
spiritual aspirations have been
asked by humankind for
thousands of years. Accordingly,
there may be more to be gained
from engaging in a collaborative
process of thinking about these
questions than from demanding
simple and immediate answers.
We discuss what we see as
possible answers to questions
about our nature and strivings,
but the value in stating these
positions is to have clear
positions from which to move
thinking and research forward.
Thus, our purpose in writing this
book is to articulate ideas to be
shaped and refined, not to
provide the final word.
Page | 10
2. that one need not agree with a
position to perform a deep and
thorough analysis of the
arguments for and against the
position. Objectivity in thought
and analysis are keys to reaching
a deep understanding of a topic.
By taking a position, developing
arguments for and against the
position, then taking the opposite
position and doing likewise, we
develop the capacity to be more
dispassionate and powerful
thinkers – and gain deeper
insight into a topic.
3. that one need not reach
agreement with someone to learn
a great deal from discussions
with them or to make significant
advances in addressing a
complex question. The salve of
affirmation can lead us to seek
like-minded others and to
denigrate and avoid those who
disagree with us. Although this
may provide temporary comfort,
it does little to help address deep
divisions or solve problems with
which we must deal in an
increasingly complex and diverse
world. There are inherent
tensions between the sciences
and the humanities, and these
tensions have led to a
polarization of views, an “it’s my
way or the highway” approach
toward those holding divergent
points of view. The contents of
this book illustrate an alternative
possibility. The Network is a
very interdisciplinary group, and
the perspectives captured in the
subsequent chapters reflect some
of the same tensions with which
other books dealing with science
and religion have dealt – and
from which they have not
benefitted. The tensions reflect
deep and enduring differences in
the way in which scholars in the
humanities, the social sciences,
and the sciences think about
theory, methods, and evidence.
These differences can test one’s
mettle but if acknowledged,
respected, embraced, and
pursued, they result in a richer,
more innovative and synergistic
collaborative effort. In the case
of our Network, this was neither
easy nor quick, but it was
achieved through a mutual
respect and exchange of ideas
and a shared conviction
regarding the importance of the
Network’s combination of
approaches from the humanities
and the sciences. In a sense, our
Network is a microcosm of the
structure that exists in our
society. If these tensions are
embraced and used to their full
catapultic effect, one can make
progress on serious problems,
transforming not only how we
think about the problem, but also
how we think about those who
hold different or opposing views.
4. that the insights or advances we
can achieve need not be our or
our opponent’s position, or a
less-than optimal compromise
between the two, but rather they
can be truly innovative, building
on and transcending both initial
positions. The specific forms of
such creative and transcendent
solutions are difficult to
articulate in advance but there is
a thought process – characterized
by clarity, openness, constructive
criticism, and synthesis – that
Page | 11
Background
increases the likelihood one will
reach such solutions. All of the
perspectives discussed in this
book have been transformed
through this process.
In pursuing the tandem lines of
inquiry of science and the humanities,
the Network itself serves as an example
of the human capacities and emergent
processes that can derive from collective
social structures and actions. In the
chapters to follow, the Network
examines the nature and power of
unseen forces ranging from human coregulation
to physiological effects of
spiritual beliefs. The exchanges across
disciplinary perspectives suggest that the
“dominion of the solitary individual” is
insufficient to understand the human
mind or to optimize human health and
well being. To understand human nature
and the human mind, one may need to
appreciate human needs and capabilities
that have not been given due attention.
Homo sapiens are a social
species, which means there are emergent
organizations beyond individuals that
contribute to the ability of our species to
survive, reproduce, and care for our
offspring sufficiently long that they too
survive to reproduce. As a consequence,
evolutionary forces have sculpted neural,
hormonal, and genetic mechanisms that
support these social structures. Among
the possible consequences explored in
this book are that: 1) people are not the
entirely self-interested, short-term
thinking, rational decision makers
assumed by the mythical creature, Homo
economicus, and 2) some of the
amorphous dissatisfaction and chronic
diseases that characterize contemporary
society may be, in part, the consequence
of the denial of the differences between
the nature of these two beings. Existing
scientific studies of religion have
established the pervasiveness of
religious beliefs and practices and an
association between these beliefs or
practices and physical as well as mental
health. Religious beliefs and practices
have also contributed to failures to heed
life-saving medical advice and to the
horrendous treatment of others. It will
be through the serious investigation of
such beliefs and practices, not through
their denial, that we may ultimately be
able to identify which aspects of these
beliefs and practices are beneficial, for
what individuals and in what contexts,
and through what specific mechanisms.
Recent research has made it
patently clear that William James (1890,
p. 442, 2) underestimated the faculties of
human infants when he suggested that
their first sensory experiences were a
“blooming, buzzing confusion.” But
what James’ sentiment did capture is the
overwhelming complexity and
uncertainty that exists in the child’s
environment, and the inherent difficulty
in making sense of that complexity from
scratch. Our drive to make meaning is
irrepressible---and when we do not
understand the forces that drive our
actions, we invent narratives that make
these invisible forces feel more
predictable and understandable even if
only in hindsight. But we do not do it
alone.
Adults as well as children must
explain the uncertainty and ambiguity of
natural phenomena (calamities of
weather, death and reproduction) as well
as social phenomena (human agents) in
order to operate effectively. But not all
actions are perceived as being
equivalent. Forces operating on objects
to compel action, as when gravity causes
rocks to slide down a mountain, are
Page | 12
viewed as external causes. Forces
operating on human bodies to produce
action, in contrast, are viewed as
reflective of purpose, driven not only by
external causes but, more importantly,
by abstract reasons such as goals,
aspirations, and destiny. The meaningmaking
proclivities of humans are so
irrepressible that when external forces
operate on human bodies to produce a
significant impact on humankind, even
the causes of the actions of these human
bodies tend to be regarded in terms of
more abstract purposes and reasons. The
anthropomorphic description of
hurricanes is a case in point.
Actions of objects have causes,
whereas actions of humans have reasons.
Invisible forces that operate on humans
but that appear to operate independent of
human agency have been the subject of
religious speculations for centuries.
These invisible forces include: internal
neural and biological forces (e.g.,
homeostatic processes, autonomic
activity) that exert regulatory forces
which are largely hidden from conscious
experience or control; strong emotions
that seem to arise apart from conscious
human intention (e.g., rage, fear,
empathy); phenomena such as dreams or
hallucinations that seemingly operate
independent from the human will;
motivations, biases, inclinations,
predilections (such as
anthropomorphism, ambiguity
avoidance, preference for simple
explanations, etc.) whose presence is so
universal that, like language, the
capacities for their development or
expression may have an evolutionary
basis; individual beliefs (such as the
belief that there is a reality outside our
head/we are not dreaming; the belief in
human freedom; in values such as
equality, etc), attitudes, preferences,
goals, or intentions; aggregated beliefs
that result in social norms, values,
religion, culture, and social movements;
and codified forces such as decrees,
rules, alliances, and laws.
Before the enlightenment of the
18th century, many scholars believed
that thought was instantaneous and that
action was governed by an indivisible
mind separate from the body. If a
palpable cause for a person’s behavior
could not be identified, the Divine or
some counterpart constituted a more
agreeable explanatory construct than
invisible forces acting through
scientifically specifiable mechanisms.
Unparalleled advances in the sciences
have occurred since the dawn of the
Enlightenment, including the
development of scientific theories about
magnetism, gravity, quantum mechanics,
and dark matter that depict invisible
forces operating with measurable effects
on physical bodies. During this same
period, serious scientific research on
invisible forces acting within, on and
across human bodies was slowed and
underfunded in part because the study of
the human mind and behavior was
regarded by many in the public and in
politics as soft and of dubious validity.
The result is that many still regard the
mind and behavior as best understood in
terms of the actions of non-scientific
agents, such as a god or gods, and the
manifestations of mental illness as the
result of a failure of individual will – a
denial of the possibility that invisible
forces (that is, forces that are tractable
scientifically but of which a person is
not normally aware) can affect mind and
behavior.
One could try to explain away
the gap in scientific knowledge about
invisible forces by referring to the
conception of science and religion as
Page | 13
systems of knowledge that are in
opposition. This approach is common
and evident in a spate of contemporary
books that take the position that science
and religion represent competing ways
of understanding the world and that
science (or religion) is the one and only
valid way of understanding human
behavior and the world around us (3-8).
For instance, in The God Delusion,
Richard Dawkins places specific Judeo-
Christian theological doctrines under the
scrutiny of science only to find that none
passes scientific muster.
The vast majority of people from
all educational backgrounds continue to
harbor strong religious beliefs that affect
their daily decisions and behavior, with
both good and ill effects. These
religious belief systems most commonly
bump into scientific claims around
invisible forces. When science opens up
opportunities to improve the human
condition by providing a more complete
understanding of the causes of events,
their measurable effects, and possible
interventions– ranging from valid
science education to medical
advancements based on stem cell
research – these opportunities are often
threatened by the application of specific
religious beliefs to these endeavors.
Scientific research to understand religion
and religious belief systems may be a
more productive response than broad
denouncements by scientists of any who
hold such beliefs.
Conversely, when religion opens
up opportunities for improving the
human condition by questioning the
emphasis on short-term self-interests at
the expense of the collective, providing a
more complete understanding of the
human need to attribute meaning to
events and their effects, and identifying
possible interventions– ranging from the
provision of tangible support to
individuals in need, to the promotion of
healthy lifestyles and ethical behavior–
scientific research to understand these
influences may again be a more
productive response than broad
denouncements by scientists that such
beliefs are irrational. Indeed, the
question of whether God exists is of
much less scientific interest, and of
much more questionable scientific merit
(how would one scientifically falsify
such a claim?), than the question of the
causes, consequences, and underlying
mechanisms for the observable human
behaviors affected by invisible forces---
whether they be physical (gravity),
social (groups), or perceived spiritual
(gods).
Contemporary science explains
many of these phenomena but also
points to the human capacities and
emergent processes that derive from
collective social structures and actions
and, underlying the emergence of these
structures, the human need for meaningmaking
and connecting to something
beyond oneself. The dominant metaphor
for the scientific study of the human
mind during the latter half of the 20 th
century has been the computer – a
solitary device with massive information
processing capacities. Computers today
are massively interconnected devices
with capacities that extend far beyond
the resident hardware and software of a
solitary computer. The extended
capacities made possible by the internet
can be said to be emergent because they
represent a whole that is greater than the
simple sum of the actions that are
possible by the sum of the individual
(disconnected) computers that constitute
the internet. The telereceptors (e.g.,
eyes, ears) of the human brain have
provided wireless broadband
Page | 14
interconnectivity to humans for
millennia. Just as computers have
capacities and processes that are
transduced through but extend far
beyond the hardware of a single
computer, the human brain has evolved
to promote social and cultural capacities
and processes that are transduced
through but that extend far beyond a
solitary brain. To understand the full
capacity of humans, one needs to
appreciate not only the memory and
computational power of the brain but its
capacity for representing, understanding,
and connecting with other individuals.
That is, one needs to recognize that we
have evolved a powerful, meaning
making social brain.
Social species, by definition,
create structures beyond the individual–
structures ranging from dyads and
families to institutions and cultures.
These emergent structures have evolved
hand in hand with neural and hormonal
mechanisms to support them because the
consequent social behaviors (e.g.,
cooperation, empathy, altruism, etc.)
helped these organisms survive,
reproduce, and care for offspring
sufficiently long that they too
reproduced. From an evolutionary
perspective then, the social context is
fundamental in the evolution and
development of the human brain.
The observable consequences of
these higher organizations have long
been apparent, but we are only now
beginning to understand their genetic,
neural, and biochemical basis and
consequences. To fully delve into these
complex behaviors, science needs to deal
with the invisible forces that shape
human life, whether it is in the form of
physical, biological, or psychological
forces. For instance, anthropomorphism,
the irrepressible proclivity to attribute
human characteristics onto nonhuman
objects to achieve meaning,
predictability, and human connection, is
beginning to be subjected to productive
multi-level scientific analysis.
Experimental studies have shown that
manipulations which increase feelings of
social isolation without the possibility of
resolving these feelings through human
interaction have the compensatory effect
of increasing people’s tendency to
anthropomorphize, including heightened
beliefs in God. This scientific work has
implications for understanding claims
regarding the success of religious
practices such as solitude as paths to
feeling closer God. Research on
anthropomorphism has now identified
developmental, situational, dispositional,
and cultural factors that modulate
people’s tendency to anthropomorphize
nonhuman agents ranging from
technological gadgets to animals to gods,
and the neural mechanisms underlying
this transconfiguration of nonhuman
objects into human-like agents are
beginning to be revealed.
Guided by the insights from
these new scientific theories of
anthropomorphism, historical analyses
may be worthwhile to determine whether
concepts of god have changed across
time and cultures such that god was
created in the image of the believer
rather than vice versa. Xenophanes (6th
century B.C., cited in 9), for instance,
was apparently the first to use the term
“anthropomorphism” when describing
the similarities between religious agents
and their believers, noting that Greek
gods were invariably fair skinned and
blue-eyed whereas African gods were
invariably dark skinned and dark-eyed
(joking that cows would surely worship
gods that looked strikingly cow-like).
Brain imaging research has confirmed
Page | 15
that anthropomorphism is associated
with the activation of the same prefrontal
areas that are active when people think
about themselves or project themselves
onto others.
Conclusion
Just as critically, the study of
invisible forces requires a discussion of
the method that successful teams use to
work together as they cross disciplinary
boundaries. Over the past few decades,
there has been a demonstrable shift from
the individual genius as the source of
scientific and scholarly breakthroughs to
interdisciplinary teams. This shift in the
production of cutting-edge knowledge
has been documented in all fields of
scholarly activity, ranging from
mathematics and theoretical physics to
the humanities. This shift has both made
possible and been necessitated by a need
to understand complex behaviors.
Although this project is primarily about
the ways that scientists seek to study the
impact of invisible forces, it will also
reflect the methodologies that these
researchers use so that their work is not
constrained by common knowledge.
The philosophy of science also
looks different when dealing with simple
causality (one-to-one relations) than with
complex causality. Affirmation of the
consequent, a logical error in which a
given cause for an effect is inferred
based on the observation of the effect,
does not lead to a scientific error when
there is but a single cause for the
observed effect. However, as scientific
inquiry addresses increasingly complex
phenomena, and increasingly complexly
determined phenomena, the philosophy
of science needs to become more
nuanced.
A core challenge is to develop a
“science” of identification and
aggregation of these invisible forces at
different levels. Related research
questions include why they exist, and
measures of robustness. One of our
central goals is to demonstrate not only
that considerations of these forces
matter, but that that they can matter a
lot.
There also are questions of value
and ethics that could be implicated:
descriptive knowledge, models,
awareness of causal relationships, and so
on, might not be enough to answer some
kinds of questions, especially those
related to value and purpose, which are
the very energies that animate and
invigorate real human systems.
Economics comes close with its proxy
measure of value based on the
distribution of scarce resources and
people’s varying need for these
resources. But this theory comes up
short in many instances where other
values are at play that are beyond
markets, such as in assessing the value
of a human life, or whether all lives are
of equal value. It is an especially poor
model for helping us understand
something as simple as the value of
articles of sentimental value, such as
family photographs, which may have
little or no market value at all. Thus,
how do we best understand the
“sentiments” that are important in the
real world?
The members of the Network
have worked beyond the boundaries of
disciplinary borders, geographical
precincts, and epistemological comfort
zones to develop a rigorous but
innovative approach to the study of the
human mind, sociality, spirituality,
health, and well being. The Network
members represented in this book are
Gary Berntson from Ohio State
University, Don Browning from the
Page | 16
University of Chicago, John Cacioppo
(Network Director) from the University
of Chicago, Farr Curlin from the
University of Chicago Medical Center,
Jean Decety from the University of
Chicago, Nick Epley from the University
of Chicago Booth School, Clark Gilpin
from the University of Chicago, Louise
Hawkley from the University of
Chicago, Tanya Luhrmann from
Stanford University, Chris Masi from the
University of Chicago Medical Center,
Howard Nusbaum from the University
of Chicago, Gün Semin from the
University of Utrecht, Steve Small from
the University of Chicago Medical
Center, Kathryn Tanner from the
University of Chicago, and Ron Thisted
from the University of Chicago Medical
Center. The biography of each along
with an explanation for the essay each
presents is provided at the beginning of
each of their essays on invisible forces.
References
1. D. J. Boorstin, The Discoverers.
(Random House., New York,
1983).
2. W. James, The principles of
psychology. (Holt, New York,
1890).
3. R. Dawkins, The God delusion.
(Bantam, London, 2006).
4. D. C. Dennett, Breaking the
spell: Religion as a natural
phenomenon. (Penguin, New
York, 2006).
5. S. Harris, The end of faith:
Religion, terror, and the future of
reason. (W. W. Norton, New
York, 2004).
6. S. Harris, Letter to a Christian
nation. (Vintage Books, New
York, 2006).
7. C. Hitchens, God is not great:
How religion poisons everything.
(Hachette Book Group, New
York, 2007).
8. D. Mills, Atheist universe: The
thinking person’s answer to
Christian fundamentalism.
(Ulysses Press, Berkeley, CA,
2004).
9. J. H. Lesher, Xenophanes:
Fragments. (University of
Toronto Press, Toronto, 1992).
Page | 17
From Selfish Genes to Social Brains
The Chicago Social Brain
Network was established to examine
how science might inform us about our
fundamental human nature, including the
apparently irrepressible quest for
connection with a higher understanding
and organization. Science can describe
what religion does in rigorous ways that
benefit religion, and religion can serve a
meaning-making function that science
itself disclaims. This is not to say that
science can address the existence of
God. Our Network instead focuses on
the consequences of believing in such a
mind and of seeing into that mind.
In the next chapter, John
Cacioppo, a social neuroscientist, draws
on work on evolutionary theory,
sociobiology, and evolutionary
psychology to examine the implications
of the selfish gene hypothesis for Homo
sapiens. He shows how the notion of the
selfish gene has been joined with
political theory, consumerism, and
economics to produce a dominant
modern image of humans summarized
by the phrase “what is best for me is best
for the society.” Without rejecting the
selfish gene view, Cacioppo shows how
it evolves in humans into what he calls
the “social brain”– a large cerebral
cortex and an interconnected limbic
lobule that together are sensitive to the
complexities of physical and social
environments. Central to this
complexity is the long period of
dependency of the human infant and the
interdependencies of adult humans for
survival especially in hostile
environments (e.g., warfare). For the
selfish gene to contribute its DNA to the
ongoing gene pool, the individual must
not only reproduce but also cooperate
with others to assure that his or her
offspring also grow to maturity and
reproduce. This leads to natural
selection choosing those genes and
capacities that contribute to cooperation,
reciprocity, attachments, and generosity.
Over the millennia of human evolution,
this process has created the social brain
and made humans a unique social
animal.
Page | 18
Chapter 2 2
2 The lead author is John T. Cacioppo, Ph.D., the
Tiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished
Service Professor in the Departments of
Psychology and Psychiatry and the Director of
the Center for Cognitive and Social
Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. He
is a co-founder (with Gary Berntson) of the field
of social neuroscience, a past president of the
Association for Psychological Science and a
recipient of numerous awards including the
National Academy of Sciences Troland Research
Award and the American Psychological
Association Distinguished Scientific
Contribution Award. Cacioppo’s research
concerns the neural, hormonal, genetic, and
behavioral mechanisms underlying the operation
and maintenance of the emergent structures that
characterize social species generally and humans
in particular. He has published more than 400
scientific articles and 16 books, including
Loneliness: Human nature and the need for
social connection (2008, Norton Books) and
Handbook of neuroscience for the behavioral
sciences (2009, John Wiley & Sons). Cacioppo
is also the Director of the Chicago Social Brain
Network.
Cacioppo has been interested both in
the similarities and the differences between
humans and other species. Human social
cognition, emotion, behavior, and executive
functioning – that is, our social brain – are
especially sophisticated compared to those found
in other species. Research in the neurosciences
sometimes focuses so much on mechanisms
divorced from the social settings and functions
they may have evolved to serve in social species
such as our own that the generalizations to
humans are inaccurate. Animal models permit
experimental control and interventions that
cannot be carried out in humans, but
understanding the implications of this work for
the human brain and biology depends on explicit
The Social Nature of Humankind
Social species, by definition, are
characterized by the formation of structures
(e.g., dyads, families, tribes, cultures) that
extend beyond an individual. Although we
may revere the rugged individualist, we are
fundamentally a social species. I begin by
discussing some of the invisible evolutionary
forces that led members of our species to band
together to form such structures. I then
consider how selfish genes (e.g., through
anthropomorphism, 1) might have led to social
brains and why the social connections and
structures created by humans are especially
powerful and flexible. Finally, I describe a
nonintuitive way of thinking about the
absence of satisfactory social connections
(i.e., loneliness), mention how and why
chronic loneliness can be so harmful, and
discuss how our need for social connection
motivates us to search for meaning and
connections beyond ourselves and other
individuals. One implication that is explored
here, and in more detail in the essays to
follow, is that genetic and cultural adaptations,
not human ignorance, may be fueling the
search for meaning and connection with a
transcendent entity or being.
Mythic Individualism
For at least the past century, we
have celebrated the power and
intellectual might of the solitary genius.
This includes individuals such as
Thomas Edison who brought electrical
power to individual households,
transforming night into day; Henry Ford
who introduced the mass production of
comparison to and knowledge of the rich
benefits of human social interaction and feelings
of connection. This essay addresses this gap in
our thinking about the genetic, neural, and
hormonal processes that constitute our brain and
body and in doing so provides a different
perspective on who we are as a unique biological
species.
Page | 19
automobiles, changing how we
transported and consequently how and
where we worked and lived; Charles
Darwin who argued that the difference in
mind between humans and other species,
great as it is, is one of degree and not of
kind; and Albert Einstein who surmised
a relationship between energy and
matter, opening a universe of
possibilities that previously was virtually
unimaginable. As a result, the cultural
focus moved from a focus on the social
group – the family, neighborhood, or
society – toward the autonomous
individual.
Forty years ago, the dominant
metaphor for the human mind was the
digital computer, complete with inputs,
filing and memory systems, limited
processing resources, and outputs.
Evolutionary theory focused on the
selfish gene and, by extension, on the
individual whose purpose for living was
to survive long enough to reproduce.
Milton Friedman influenced economic
theory and government policies for
decades by positing that people, being
fundamentally rational, are motivated
first and foremost by self interests, and
the adage of “united we stand, divided
we fall” was supplanted by the notion
that what is best for the me is best for the
society. Moving from an economy
based on manufacturing for the masses
to one based on catering to idiosyncratic
consumer interests further fueled a focus
on the preferences of the autonomous
individual.
One can certainly find evidence
in humans and other species for the view
of life being best understood in terms of
self-interest. Sardines, for example,
swim in what appears to be synchronized
schools until approached by a predator,
at which time they dart about so
chaotically that they create what appears
to be a large, tumultuous ball with a
mind of its own. The rule governing the
behavior of this dynamic and adaptive
collective action can be explained
entirely in terms of self-interests. Each
fish is driven to swim to the middle,
where it is less likely to be eaten by the
hungry predator. Sardines are born with
the capacity to swim, find food, and
avoid predators. If they survive long
enough to reproduce, their genes will be
part of the gene pool for future
generations. That is, if those who are
genetically predisposed to swim to the
middle are more likely to survive
predation, then the genetic
predisposition to swim to the middle will
become a characteristic of a larger
percentage of sardines in future
generations.
The sardine ball is an example of
a more general phenomenon, in which
the choices made by members of a group
endow the collective with properties that
are consistent, predictable, and
purposive enough that we can speak of
them as “behaviors” of the group, even
though the collective actions of the
group are not directed by any of the
individual members. This phenomenon
can be called “emergent,” because the
properties or behavior of the group are
not determined by any individual but
arises from the collective behaviors of
the individuals who constitute the group.
Social structures like the sardine ball
have evolved because the sardines
whose genes compelled them to swim to
the middle in the presence of predators
were more likely to survive to
reproduce, thereby contributing these
genes to this species’ gene pool.
According to the National
Science Foundation’s Tree of Life
project, there are anywhere between 5
million and 100 million species on
Page | 20
Earth, only 2 million of which have been
identified thus far. Most of the species
identified are either born with the
capacity to find sustenance and avoid
predation sufficiently well that some
survive long enough to reproduce, or
they are born in such large numbers that
some survive long enough to reproduce.
It is the ability of such organisms to
reproduce that determines what genes
constitute the gene pool for the future
generations of that species. These genes,
in turn, shape the structure and function
of the organisms that constitute a
species. This reasoning led George
Williams (2) to suggest a half century
ago that traits (i.e., behavioral
tendencies) which benefit the group at
the expense of the individual would
evolve only if the process of groupselection
was great enough to overcome
selection within groups. He further
suggested that group selection is nearly
always weak, so that group-related
adaptations do not exist (3). Richard
Dawkins (1) popularized the notion that
traits which evolve are adaptive at the
gene level through his use of the
metaphor of the selfish gene. Genes
serve their own selfish interests in the
sense that whatever the contributions
made by a gene, or set of genes, to an
organism’s structure and function would
be passed on to the next generation if
and only if the gene made its way to the
gene pool. Survival of the fittest now
had a biological basis.
United We Stand, Divided We Fall
Charles Darwin did not know
that genes were the mechanism through
which structures and behaviors evolved,
but an important component of his
original theory was the notion of
survival of the fittest. Darwin was also
puzzled by the observation that many
individual organisms made themselves
less fit so that the group might survive.
Subsequent generations of evolutionary
biologists realized that even though
genes might act as if selfish, the vehicle
responsible for the transport of these
genes to the gene pool occasionally
extended beyond the individual or parent
to kin and even to unrelated members of
groups. More specifically, in some cases
the superorganismal structures formed
by social organisms represent naturally
selected levels of organization above
individual organisms (4).
Consider the example of the
Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri).
Emperor penguins typically reside near
their food source of squid, shoaling fish,
and small crustaceans but in early winter
they gather into breeding colonies
(rookeries) up to 60 miles inland in April
and May during the Antarctic winter.
They search for their mate from the
previous year, and go through a
courtship ritual before mating. The
female lays only one egg in May or
June, which coincides with the start of
the bitter Antarctica winter. The
Emperor penguins are thought to have
developed this unusual winter breeding
behavior to permit the chick to grow to
independence the following summer,
when food is plentiful. Ensuring the
chick survives that long is a collective
enterprise, with the vehicle responsible
for the chick surviving long enough such
that it too can reproduce not being solely
the mother or the father but also the
huddle.
The birthing of the egg leaves the
mother depleted, so she must return to
the seaside to feed while the father
assumes responsibility for the incubation
of the egg during the winter. An egg
from an Emperor penguin will quickly
freeze if left exposed to harsh winter
conditions of the Antarctica, so the
Page | 21
transition of the egg from beneath the
warmth and safety of the mother to atop
the feet and under a fold of feathered
abdominal skin of the father requires a
bit of coordination on the part of the
two. Even this is not sufficient for the
genes of this pair to find their way into
the gene pool. The conditions of the
Antarctic winters are among the least
hospitable on earth, with winter
temperatures dipping below -60 degrees
Celsius and winds reaching 120 mph.
To protect themselves from the wind and
cold, the male penguins huddle together,
spending much of their time sleeping to
conserve energy. In this harsh
environment, survival of the chicks
depends on the shared warmth and
protection of the huddle, not the
individual. The group as a whole is
more likely to survive if each penguin
and chick shares in the warmth and
protection of the collective structure,
which means selective pressures exist to
promote cooperation to maintain the
integrity of the huddle. More generally,
for species born to a period of utter
dependency, the genes that find their
way into the gene pool are not defined
solely or even mostly by likelihood that
an organism will reproduce but by the
likelihood that the offspring of the parent
will live long enough to reproduce. As
in the case of the Emperor penguins, one
consequence is that selfish genes
evolved through individual-level
selection processes to promote social
preferences and group processes,
including reciprocal social behaviors,
that can extend beyond kin relationships
(e.g., 5). Examples of such selection
processes in humans exist, as well (e.g.,
6, 7).
The environmental challenges
facing Emperor penguins, as daunting as
they are, pale by comparison to the
complexities facing the human species.
Indeed, the social brain hypothesis posits
that the social complexities and demands
of primate species contributed to the
rapid increase in neocortical (i.e., the
outer layer of the brain) connectivity and
intelligence (8). Warfare among
ancestral hunter-gatherers appears to
have contributed to group selection for
human social behaviors, especially
altruistic behaviors (5). As Darwin
(1871) noted:
A tribe including many members
who, from possessing a high
degree of the spirit of patriotism,
fidelity, obedience, courage, and
sympathy, were always ready to
aid one another, and to sacrifice
themselves for the common good
would be victorious over most
other tribes; and this would be
natural selection. (p. 166)
Moreover, deducing better ways
to find food, avoid perils, and navigate
territories has adaptive value for large
mammals, but the complexities of these
ecological demands are no match for the
complexities of social living (especially
in hostile between-group social
environments), which include:
recognizing ingroup and outgroup
members; learning by social observation;
recognizing the shifting status of friends
and foes; anticipating and coordinating
efforts between two or more individuals;
using language to communicate, reason,
teach, and deceive others; orchestrating
relationships, ranging from pair bonds
and families to friends, bands, and
coalitions; navigating complex social
hierarchies, social norms and cultural
developments; subjugating self-interests
to the interests of the pair bond or social
group in exchange for the possibility of
long term benefits for oneself or one’s
group; recruiting support to sanction
Page | 22
individuals who violate group norms;
and doing all this across time frames that
stretch from the distant past to multiple
possible futures (9). Consistent with
this hypothesis, measures of sociality in
troops of baboons have been found to be
highly correlated with infant survival,
and cross-species comparisons have
shown that the evolution of large and
metabolically expensive brains is more
closely associated with social than
ecological complexity (9).
Our survival depends on our
connection with others. Born to the
most prolonged period of utter
dependency of any animal, human
infants must instantly engage their
parents in protective behavior, and the
parents must care enough about their
offspring to nurture and protect them. If
infants do not elicit nurturance and
protection from caregivers, or if
caregivers are not motivated to provide
such care over an extended period of
time, then the infants will perish along
with the genetic legacy of the parents
(10). Our developmental dependency
mirrors our evolutionary heritage.
Hunter/gatherers did not have the benefit
of natural weaponry, armor, strength,
flight, stealth, or speed relative to many
other species. Human survival depended
on collective abilities, not on individual
might.
Selfish Genes, Social Brains
It is the gene that is obligatorily
selfish, not the human brain. Genes that
promote behaviors that increase the odds
of the genes surviving are perpetuated.
One implication of this simple insight is
that evolution can be viewed as the
competition between genes using
individuals and social structures as their
temporary vehicles. The genetic
constitution of Homo Sapiens in the long
run derives not solely from the
reproductive success of individuals, but
also from the success of their children to
reproduce. Hunter/gatherers who did not
form social connections and who did not
feel a compulsion to return to share their
food or defense with their offspring may
have been more likely to survive to
procreate again, but given the long
period of dependency of human infants
their offspring may have been less likely
to survive to procreate. The result is
selection that strongly favors the ability
to process information that could
contribute to the formation and
maintenance of social capacities and
connections – that is, a social brain.
These social capacities evolved hand in
hand with genetic, neural, and hormonal
mechanisms to support them because the
resulting social behaviors helped humans
survive, reproduce, and care for
offspring sufficiently long that they too
survived to reproduce (11-13). Relative
to other animals, the striking
development of and increased
connectivity within the human cerebral
cortex, especially the frontal and
temporal regions, are among the key
evolutionary developments in this
regard. The cerebral cortex is a mantle
of between 2.6 to 16 billion neurons with
each neuron receiving 10,000 to 100,000
synapses in their dendritic trees (e.g.,
14). The expansion of the frontal
regions in the human brain contributes to
the human capacities for reasoning,
planning, performing mental
simulations, theory of mind, and
thinking about self and others. The
temporal regions of the brain, in turn, are
involved with aspects of social
perception, memory, and
communication. The means for guiding
behavior through the environment
emerged prior to neocortical expansion.
Page | 23
The evolutionarily older systems also
play a role in human information
processing and behavior, albeit in a more
rigid and stereotyped fashion. The
intricately interconnected neocortical
regions of the frontal lobes are involved
in self control, which permits the
modulation of these older systems and
the overriding of organismal hedonistic
impulses for the benefit of others (15).
Evidence across human history
provides overwhelming support for the
supposition that humans are
fundamentally social creatures (13).
Even in contemporary times in which
autonomy is revered, the average person
has been estimated to spend nearly 80%
of waking hours in the company of
others, most of which is spent in small
talk with known individuals (16). These
estimates have been supported in more
detailed assessment using the dayreconstruction
method to determine how
people spend their time and how they
experienced events in their lives on a
daily basis (17). The results of these
daily assessments indicate people spend
only 3.4 hrs alone, or approximately
20% of their waking hours. The time
spent with friends, relatives, spouse,
children, clients, and coworkers is rated
on average as more inherently rewarding
than the time spent alone (17).
Respondents indicate that their
most enjoyable activities are intimate
relations and socializing – activities that
promote bonding and high quality
relationships, whereas their least
enjoyable activities are commuting and
working. These results are consistent
with survey data. When asked “what is
necessary for happiness?” the majority
of respondents rate “relationships with
family and friends” as most important
(18), although we certainly do not
always act like this is most important. It
is surprisingly easy to overlook the
evident.
Noticing the Unusual, Overlooking the
Obvious
On January 15, 2009, US
Airways Flight 1549 departed from New
York’s LaGuardia Airport for Charlotte,
North Carolina when it struck a flock of
geese during takeoff. Both engines were
disabled, and the heavy aircraft quickly
lost the power it needed to stay aloft, but
Capt. Chesley Sullenberger somehow
managed a controlled descent into the
Hudson River. The media dubbed the
ditching of the plane and the survival of
all 155 passengers and crew the miracle
on the Hudson, and Sullenberger was
duly heralded as a hero. The ability to
control the descent of an 84-ton plane
without engine thrust is not something
with which humans are naturally
endowed. Sullenberger was not a
novice, of course. He is a U.S. Air
Force Academy graduate who flew F-4
fighter planes while in the Air Force, has
40 years of flight experience, and holds a
commercial glider license and glider
instructor rating. As remarkable as was
his achievement relative to what one
might normally expect in this situation,
however, Sullenberger’s efforts were not
sufficient for the miracle on the Hudson
to be achieved.
When Flight 1549 came to a stop
in the frigid Hudson River, the
passengers and crew scrambled to the
wings and inflatable slides of their
slowly sinking aircraft. Local
commercial vessels from the New York
Waterway and Circle Line fleets
responded almost immediately, with the
first of the vessels reaching the plane
within four minutes. The crews of the
various vessels worked together to
rescue the passengers and crew of Flight
Page | 24
1549, and various volunteers and
agencies offered medical assistance.
These rescue efforts were not motivated
by personal or commercial self-interests,
and none of the commercial vessel
captains was lauded as a hero. Their
efforts received less attention because
their actions were precisely what we
expect of one another.
It is the unusual, not the
commonplace, that is noticed. On
March 13, 1964, Kitty Genovese parked
near her home in Kew Gardens, New
York, and proceeded to her residence in
a small apartment complex. Winston
Moseley, a business machine operator
who later confessed that his motive was
simply to kill a woman, overtook
Genovese and stabbed her twice in the
back. Genovese screamed, “Oh my
God, he stabbed me! Help me!”, a call
that was heard by neighbors. When one
neighbor shouted at the attacker, “Leave
that girl alone,” Moseley ran away.
Genovese, who was wounded and
bleeding, moved toward the apartment
building slowly and alone. Moseley
returned approximately 10 minutes later
and searched for Genovese. Finding her
nearly unconscious in a hallway of the
building, he continued his knife attack
on her and sexually assaulted her. The
entire attack unfolded over about half an
hour, and yet no one responded. The
first clear call for help to the police did
not occur until minutes following the
final attack, and Genovese died in an
ambulance en route to the hospital. The
number of people who were aware of
some aspect of the attack was estimated
to be from a dozen to more than three
dozen. One unidentified neighbor who
saw part of the attack was quoted in a
New York Times article as saying “I
didn’t want to get involved.” (19). The
notion that people might not go to the
aid of another, even a stranger, in dire
need led to public outrage. Decades of
research led to the conclusion that the
ambiguity of the situation and the
diffusion of responsibility were
contributing factors.
These two news stories illustrate,
in very different ways, how invisible
forces sculpted by evolution and
cultivated by the environment act on our
species. When commercial boat captains
act against their own financial interests
to rescue others on a sinking aircraft, we
think nothing of it because we believe it
is what any individual in the same
situation would naturally do. When
observers of a brutal attack do nothing to
aid the victim, we are horrified because
we believe it goes against who we are as
a species. Humans are not motivated
solely by self interests but rather we
work together and help one another
when in need. We survive and prosper
in the long term through collective
concerns and actions, not by solely
selfish pursuits (20).
Danger Signals
The stories of the sardine ball
and the penguin huddle suggest that it is
dangerous to be on the social perimeter.
Living on the perimeter threatens the
lives and genetic legacy of humans, as
well. Epidemiological studies have
found that social isolation is not only
associated with lower levels of
happiness and well being but with broad
based morbidity and mortality (21).
Moreover, humans are such meaningmaking
creatures that perceived social
isolation is at least as important a
predictor of adverse outcomes on human
health and well being as is objective
social isolation (22). Writers may spend
long periods by themselves, but the
envisioned readers make this time feel
Page | 25
anything but isolated. High school
graduates who leave family and friends
for the first time to attend college, on the
other hand, typically experience intense
feelings of social isolation even though
they are physically around more people
than before they left home. Caspi and
colleagues (23) found that perceived
social isolation in adolescence and
young adulthood predicted how many
cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., body
mass index, waist circumference, blood
pressure, cholesterol) were elevated in
young adulthood, and that the number of
developmental occasions (i.e.,
childhood, adolescence, young
adulthood) at which participants felt
socially isolated predicted the number of
elevated risk factors in young adulthood.
Perceived social isolation is
known more colloquially as loneliness,
which in early scientific investigations
was depicted as “a chronic distress
without redeeming features” (24, p. 15).
Loneliness may feel like a painfully
miserable, hopeless, and worthless state,
but we have found it has a specific
structure and a valuable adaptive
function.
Research on the ways in which
people describe themselves when asked
the question, “Who are you?”, reveals
three basic dimensions (25): (1) a
personal, or intimate, self, the “you” of
your individual characteristics; (2) a
social or relational self, which is who
you are in relation to the people closest
to you—your spouse, kids, friends, and
neighbors; and (3) a collective self, the
you that is the member of a certain
ethnic group, has a certain national
identity, belongs to certain professional
or other associations, and a member of
the fan club for certain sports teams.
Similar to the relational self, this part of
the self is social but what makes this self
distinct is that these are broader social
identities, linked to larger social groups
rather than individual members of the
groups. When we examined the
dimensions underlying loneliness/social
connectedness, we found the same three
basic dimensions (26): (1) intimate
connection/isolation refers to the
perceived presence/absence of anyone in
your life who affirms you as a valued
person; (2) relational
connection/isolation refers to the
perceived presence/absence of quality
friendships or family connections; and
(3) collective connection/isolation refers
to the perceived presence/absence of a
meaningful connection with a group or
social stimulus (e.g., school, team)
beyond other individuals. When you
perceive you are part of a valued group
(collective connection), for instance, you
may be more inclined to agree with other
group members, even on beliefs that
may seem irrational, than when you are
thinking of yourself as a unique
individual.
Given that human survival and
prosperity depends on inclusion in and
participation with a social group,
especially in evolutionary time when
food was scarce and dangers were
common, there is an adaptive benefit to
having the strong and aversive response
of loneliness when an individual feels
his or her social connections might be
weakening or broken, just as there is a
benefit to having aversive signals for
other conditions critical for survival.
Hunger, thirst, and pain have evolved as
aversive signals to prompt an organism
to change their behavior in a way that
protects the individual and promotes the
likelihood their genes will make their
way into the gene pool. The social pain
of loneliness has evolved similarly – to
serve as a signal that one’s connections
Page | 26
to others are weakening and to motivate
the repair and maintenance of the
connections to others that are needed for
our health and well being as for the
survival of our genes (27). Physical pain
is an aversive signal that evolved to
motivate one to take action that
minimizes damage to one’s body.
Loneliness is an aversive signal that
evolved to motivate one to take action
that minimizes damage to one’s social
body.
People differ dispositionally in
their sensitivity to the pain of social
disconnection (i.e., feelings of
loneliness; 28) just as people differ in
sensitivity to physical pain. Ostracism
or objective isolation in most species is
associated with an early death (29). In
humans, the chronic feeling of social
isolation, even when the person remains
among the protective embrace of others,
is associated with significant mental and
physical disorders (30). Chronic hunger,
thirst, and pain can also have deleterious
effects for, like loneliness, their adaptive
value lies in their effects as acute
signals, not as chronic conditions. The
opposite of feeling hunger, thirst, pain,
or loneliness is feeling normal, and this
is the state in which most people exist
most of the time.
The social connections formed
by humans need not be based on genetic
similarities. The human species has
evolved the capacity for and motivation
to form relationships not only with other
individuals but also with groups (e.g., a
Chicago Cubs or Boston Red Sox fan)
and nonhuman entities (e.g., through
anthropomorphism, 31). Team spirit and
school spirit are familiar notions, and
although team or school spirit refers to
an invisible influence, it is an invisible
influence that is no less open to rigorous
scientific inquiry than are the invisible
influences of gravity or magnetic flux.
In the cases of team and school spirit,
this influence represents a specific form
of social connection between an
individual and an emergent structure.
Perceived social connections are
abstractions that can transcend time and
space. People may feel a connection
with their ancestors or family heritage
even if they are the only remaining
descendant, just as people can perceive
personal connections with pets, cars,
television characters, celebrities, and
unseen spiritual entities with whom they
do not actually interact. A potent
component of spirituality (that does not
depend on a specific religion) is the
feeling of connection and purpose that
come from forming a relationship with a
higher being. A simple byproduct of our
selfish genes and social brains may be
our search for meaning in and
connection with broader organizations or
beings.
Conclusion
In 1939, the astrophysicist Sir Arthur
Eddington published a book entitled The
philosophy of physical science (32). In it he
describes a hypothetical scientist who sought
to determine the size of the various fish in the
sea. The scientist began by weaving a 2-inch
mesh net and setting sail across the seas,
repeatedly sampling catches and carefully
measuring, recording, and analyzing the
results of each catch. After extensive
sampling, the scientist concluded that there
were no fish smaller than two inches in the
sea. The moral of Sir Eddington's analogy is
twofold. First, scientific instruments are
shaped by people’s intuitive theories of the
phenomena to be investigated. Second, once
developed, scientific expectations and
instruments shape data and theory in ways
more powerfully and fundamentally than are
often appreciated.
Page | 27
What is the relevance of this to the
story of the social nature of humankind? Our
research findings have led me to believe that
we all have made Eddington’s error in the way
we have thought about, studied, and tried to
deal with an invisible force that motivates us
to seek and maintain our connection with
others – including the loneliness one feels
when we feel important social connections are
threatened or absent. Historically, the
scientific perspective on loneliness was not
only that it was a painful and miserable state,
but that it was an aversive state with no
redeeming features. All one needs to do is to
reflect on the last time one felt terribly lonely,
and one can appreciate the seemingly selfevident
truth of this characterization. But as
Sir Arthur Eddington’s story shows us, the
obvious and intuitive can sometimes be very
misleading. It is now widely recognized that
many structures and processes of the mind
operate outside of awareness, with only the
end products sometimes reaching awareness.
Humans have evolved to seek
connections with and validation from
other minds, and these social
connections represent an important set of
invisible forces operating on our brain
and biology. The need for social
connection extends beyond kin relations
and beyond face to face relations to
include felt connections with
superorganismal entities such as teams,
political parties, nations, and God. The
unseen forces compelling these
connections can be quantified and
investigated objectively independent of
one’s spiritual beliefs. Underlying these
aspirations are selfish genes that have
produced a social brain which activates
reward regions of the brain when we
cooperate effectively with others (33) or
punish the perpetrators of social
exploitations (34), and which activates
the pain matrix in the brain when we feel
rejected by others (35). When people
feel socially isolated (i.e., lonely)
compared to when they do not feel
lonely, they are more likely not only to
perceive nonhuman objects as humanlike
but to believe in the existence of
God (31, 36). To understand the full
capacity of and forces operating on
humans, we need to appreciate not only
the memory and computational power of
the brain but its capacity for
representing, understanding, and
connecting with other individuals and
with the emergent structures, fictional
and real, that the brain can represent.
That is, we need to recognize that we
have evolved a powerful, meaningmaking
social brain and a need for social
connection.
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Page | 30
From Inclusive Fitness to Spiritual
Striving
The notion of “selfish genes”
(and, by extension, selfish organisms)
was popularized in Richard Dawkins’
1976 book by that title. Not long
afterwards, an article appeared in
Science that presented evidence that the
most vicious members of a warlike tribe
in South America had the most wives
and children. The underlying notion was
one of (genetic) survival of the fittest:
Those warriors who were particularly
vicious were more likely to contribute
their genes to the gene pool.
Methodological objections have left this
an open question, however, and new
evidence now exists that calls this
interpretation into question (1): the most
aggressive warriors may have more
children but they have lower indices of
reproductive success than their milder
brethren in part perhaps because the
most aggressive warriors and their
offspring are also more likely to be the
targets of revenge killings. These new
data are entirely consistent with John
Cacioppo’s argument that the content of
the human gene pool has more to do
with the reproductive success of one’s
offspring than one’s own reproductive
success. Cacioppo argued further that
this genetic selection resulted in a social
brain that seeks meaning and connection
with individuals and with social entities
(e.g., groups) that extend beyond other
individuals.
In the next chapter, theologian
Don Browning also embraces the
concept of inclusive fitness and, through
the writings of Thomas Aquinas, shows
how religion serves the human need for
meaning and connection through the
ethics they advocate, the congregations
they form, the institutions they represent,
and the God they serve. In his view,
religion serves to extend love and
connection beyond kin. He further
argues that new developments in the
sciences and long-standing traditions in
theology constitute fertile ground on
which to build new and testable
hypotheses regarding our fundamental
human nature.
1. S. Beckerman et al., Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 8134
(May 19, 2009).
Page | 31
Chapter 3 3
Science, Religion, and a Revived
Religious Humanism
For over 150 years there has been
a vital, and often contentious, dialogue
between science and religion. In recent
3
The lead author is Don Browning, Ph.D., the
Alexander Campbell Professor of Religious
Ethics and the Social Sciences, Emeritus,
Divinity School, University of Chicago. He has
interests in the relation of the social sciences to
religious ethics for the purpose of addressing
various challenges facing modern life. His books
include Generative Man (1973, 1975; National
Book Award Finalist, 1974), Religious Thought
and the Modern Psychologies (1987, 2004), the
co-authored From Culture Wars to Common
Ground: Religion and the American Family
Debate (1997, 2000), Christian Ethics and the
Moral Psychologies (2006), and Equality and the
Family (2007). He co-edited Sex, Marriage, and
Family in the World Religions (2006), American
Religions and the Family (2006), Children and
Childhood in American Religions (2009), and
Children and Childhood in World Religions
(2009). He is the co-principal investigator with
Jean Bethke Elshtain of a Templeton Foundation
funded $4,000,000 New Science of Virtue
project.
In this essay, Browning acknowledges
the antagonistic relationship that can be found
between science and religion, but he proposes
that the dialogue between science and religion
can now be conducted on philosophical grounds
that promote a new religious humanism that will
honor the core ideas of the great religions, refine
their view of nature, and increase the values of
health, wealth, education, and general wellbeing.
years, new energy and fresh public
interest have been injected into this
conversation. This largely has come
about due to the new insights into
religion and ethics achieved by
collaboration between evolutionary
psychology and cognitive and social
neuroscience.
What are the likely social
consequences of this new interest in the
relation of science and religion? There
are at least three possible answers. One
might be the new atheism exemplified
by the writings of Richard Dawkins,
Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, and
Christopher Hitchens. 1 In this approach,
the alleged defective thinking of the
world religions is exposed, and a
worldview and way of life based strictly
on science are offered as replacement. A
second option might be the return of a
hegemonic dominance of religion over
science. However, polarizing rhetoric
from advocates for the exclusive
interpretive priority of either science or
religion has long since ceased to be
culturally or academically productive.
Instead, through dialogue about common
issues, scientific and theological thinkers
may pose questions that lead to more
sophisticated inquiry in both fields.
Confidence in the productive
possibilities of reciprocal questioning is
a hallmark of the long tradition known
as religious humanism. Here I illustrate
the potential contribution of religious
humanism by bringing recent
psychological research into dialogue
with the religious concept of love.
What would this religious
humanism be like? The major world
religions would remain visible and
viable as religious movements. But the
contributions of science would help
these religions refine their interests in
improving the health, education, wealth,
Page | 32
and overall well-being of their adherents.
In addition, the sciences would help
them refine their grasp of the empirical
world about which they are, like humans
in general, constantly making judgments,
predictions, and characterizations. In
my vision, the attitude of scientists
toward religion would be first of all
phenomenological; they would first
attempt to describe and understand
religious beliefs, ethics, and rituals in
their full historical context. But their
interest in explaining some of the
conditions that give rise to religious
phenomena would not be inhibited by
either religion or the wider society.
There are several different approaches to
phenomenology. The perspective that I
recommend follows the “critical
hermeneutic phenomenology” of Paul
Ricoeur. Ricoeur advocates beginning
the study of religion with a
phenomenology – a careful description –
of the person’s or community’s words,
symbols, metaphors, and narratives used
to communicate the meaning of a
religious experience or practice. This
view assumes that we cannot describe
experience directly but rather that
experience is always mediated by
symbols and metaphors. But Ricoeur’s
phenomenology does not stop with a
description of these meanings. It builds
in a secondary place for science and
explanation. It seeks through science to
give explanatory accounts of the affects
and motivations that humans bring to
these words, symbols, and metaphors. If
scientists followed Ricoeur’s model,
they would understand the importance of
beginning with description, be hesitant
to skip lightly over initial
phenomenological meanings, appreciate
yet grasp the limits of explanation, and
be reluctant to plunge into speculations,
such as those of the new scientific
atheism, about the ultimate truth or
falsity of religious phenomena. 2
On the other hand, the religions
themselves can contribute to the
sciences. They can do this by offering
hypotheses about how social and
religious ideas, behaviors, and rituals
can shape experience, even neural
processes, often for the good but
sometimes not. The religions can offer a
more generous epistemology and
ontology than science is inclined to find
useful for the tight explanatory interests
of the laboratory or scientific survey.
This too might generate new hypotheses
for scientific investigation. These would
be some of the ground rules for how a
dialogue between science and religion
might stimulate a revived religious
humanism.
Religious Humanisms of the Past
To speak of a revival suggests
that there have been many expressions of
religious humanism in the past when
some form of science, philosophy, and
religion creatively interacted. I will
limit myself to speaking primarily about
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. A
synthesis between Greek philosophical
psychology and Christianity can be
found in the use of Stoic theories of
desire by the apostle Paul, 3 the presence
of Aristotle’s family ethic – with its
implicit psycho-biology - in the
household codes of Ephesians and I
Colossians, 4 and the gospel of John’s
identification of Jesus with the Platonic
and Stoic idea of the pre-existent
“Word.” 5 A more intentional religious
humanism can be found in Augustine’s
use of the neo-Platonic Plotinus,
especially in the philosophical
psychology of remembrance developed
in his Confessions. 6 But the most
dramatic example of a religious
Page | 33
humanism that spread simultaneously
into Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can
be found when the lost texts of Aristotle
were discovered, translated, and
appropriated by scholars from these
three religions who worked at the same
tables in Islamic libraries in Spain and
Sicily during the ninth and tenth
centuries. Richard Rubinstein in his
timely book titled Aristotle’s Children
(2003) tells the story well. 7 This gave
rise to forms of Aristotelian religious
humanism in the works of Thomas
Aquinas in Christianity, Maimonides in
Judaism, and Averroës in Islam. On the
American scene, one sees another form
of Christian humanism in the synthesis
of philosophical pragmatism, with all its
influence from Darwin, and expressions
of liberal Christianity and the social
gospel movement. 8
Religious humanisms have not
always flourished and are subject to
attacks from both fundamentalists and
scientific secularists. They need
constant updating and vigorous
intellectual development. But at their
best, they make it possible for societies
to maintain strong religious communities
as well as integrating symbolic
umbrellas that protect the productive
interaction of the scientific disciplines
with the wider cultural and religious life.
An Example: The Agape, Caritas, and
Eros Debate
Few words in the English
language have such a range of everyday
meanings and of serious philosophical
and theological consideration as the
word love. For this reason, it is an
excellent candidate for scientific
investigation that has potential benefits
for religious practice and everyday life.
Although some theologians have sought
to create a sharp division between
""Christian love"" and all other forms of
love, the tradition of religious humanism
proposes that science clarifies the
workings of love in human societies and
religion extends the scope of love
beyond its most immediate domain of
kinship.
There are three major tensions in
theological discussions of Christian love.
They center around the two Greek words
agape and eros and the Latin word
caritas. A famous book titled Agape
and Eros (1953) written by the Swedish
theologian Anders Nygren traced the
debate through Christian history. 9
Nygren believed that the truly normative
and authentic understanding of Christian
love is found in the word agape, the
Greek word used for Christian love in
the New Testament. It refers to a kind of
self-giving, even self-sacrificial, love
that is only possible by the grace of God.
10 Nygren was particularly interested in
arguing that Christian love did not build
on what the Greek philosophers called
eros. He claimed eros refers to the
natural desires of humans to have and
unite with the goods of life. This
includes the goods of health, wealth,
affiliation, and pleasure but it also
includes the higher goods of beauty and
truth. Nygren’s point, however, was
that Christian love does not build on or
incorporate eros – the natural
aspirational strivings of humans. He
believed he found this view of Christian
love in the New Testament (especially
the writing of the apostle Paul) and
Martin Luther, the giant of the Protestant
Reformation.
Nygren was particularly
interested in dismantling the classical
medieval Roman Catholic view of
Christian love that was often
summarized with the English word
charity or the Latin word caritas. Why
Page | 34
did Nygren oppose the caritas view of
Christian love? The answer is that the
meaning of love as caritas did exactly
what Nygren thought Paul and Luther,
his theological heroes, did not do. In the
classic Roman Catholic view, love as
caritas builds on eros. Caritas was seen
to include natural desires for health and
affiliation. But the caritas view of love
also held that religious education and
God’s grace built on and expanded these
natural inclinations to entail a self-giving
benevolence to others, even strangers
and enemies – an idea so central to the
concept of Christian love.
All of this seemed too
naturalistic for Nygren. It seemed to
play down the importance of God’s
transforming grace. He joined other
European neo-orthodox theologians of
his day such as Karl Barth and Rudolph
Bultmann in cutting off Christian love
from eros, 11 which in effect was to cut
Christian love from nature and desire –
the very things scientists tend to study.
Beginning with Nygren’s strong view of
agape and the strong supernaturalism of
both Nygren and Barth, there was little
room in these mid-twentieth century
Protestant trends for a productive
dialogue between Christian ethics and
the new scientific advances in moral
psychology, evolutionary psychology,
and neuroscience.
At the same time, however,
breakthroughs in these very disciplines
have led to a new reassessment of the
Catholic caritas model of Christian love.
But before I review in more detail how
this model worked, especially in the
thought of the great medieval Roman
Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas, let
me turn to review some of the moral
implications of insights into kin altruism
and inclusive fitness emerging today
from evolutionary psychology and social
neuroscience.
Moral Implications of Kin Altruism
and Inclusive Fitness
As is well known, the idea of
inclusive fitness was first put forth in
1964 by William Hamilton. 12
Hamilton’s view of inclusive fitness
holds that living beings not only struggle
for their individual survival but for the
survival of offspring and kin who also
carry their genes. Their altruism is
likely to be proportional to the
percentage of their genes that others
carry. This insight was further
developed by the concept of parental
investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert
Trivers (1972) defined it as “any
investment by the parent in an individual
offspring that increases the offspring’s
chance of surviving…at the cost of the
parent’s ability to invest in other
offspring.” 13 These insights were at the
core of the emerging field of
sociobiology and were first brought to
the wider public attention by E.O.
Wilson’s Sociobiology: The New
Synthesis (1975). 14
But the moral implications of the
concept of inclusive fitness, parental
investment, and kin altruism have
received competing interpretations.
Richard Dawkins in his The Selfish Gene
(1976) turned these ideas into a defense
of philosophical ethical egoism and
argued that all altruistic acts are
disguised maneuvers to perpetuate our
own genes. 15 But there are other
interpretations. Social neuroscientist
John Cacioppo interprets our motives
toward inclusive fitness and kin altruism
as the core of human intergenerational
care and the vital link between sociality
and spirituality. In cooperation with his
colleagues, his research on loneliness
Page | 35
uses evolutionary theory on inclusive
fitness to order many of his findings.
From the perspective of this model of
basic human motivations, loneliness can
be seen as a condition that “promotes
inclusive fitness by signaling ruptures in
social connections and motivates the
repair or replacement of these
connections.” 16 According to his
interpretation of inclusive fitness, our
gene continuity is not assured by simply
having our own children. Our children
also must have children as well. And
this is a challenge entailing long-term
expenditures of energy. To account for
this, Cacioppo writes something about
human infant dependency that is very
close to what both the Greek philosopher
Aristotle and the medieval Roman
Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas set
down many centuries earlier. Cacioppo
says,
For many species, the offspring need
little or no parenting to survive and
reproduce. Homo sapiens, however,
are born to the longest period of
abject dependency of any species.
Simple reproduction, therefore, is not
sufficient to ensure that one’s genes
make it into the gene pool. For an
individual’s genes to make it to the
gene pool, one’s offspring must
survive to reproduce. Moreover,
social connections and the behaviors
they engender (e.g., cooperation,
altruism, alliances) enhance the
survival and reproduction of those
involved, increasing inclusive
fitness. 17
According to this view, the
twofold interaction between inclusive
fitness and the long period of infant
dependency has shaped humans over the
long course of evolution into the social
and caring creatures we are. Sociality is
a fundamental characteristic of humans,
and, according to Cacioppo, spirituality,
in its various forms, is an extension of
sociality. Religion is generally,
although not always, good for our
mental and physical health - our heart,
our blood pressure, our self-esteem, and
our self-control - just like having good
friends and family or not being lonely
are also good for our well-being. 18
Cacioppo and colleagues do not equate
sociality and religion; they are fully
aware that religions are complex
phenomena with many different
doctrinal, ethical, ritual, organizational,
personal, and social features that require
either rigorous experimental or clinical
population studies to sort out, even from
the perspective of how they affect
health. Nonetheless, he seems to hold
that the sociality that most religions offer
is a key reason for their efficacy in
human well-being.
Does Christian Love Build on Health?
But my concern is the topic of
Christian love and not simply
Christianity’s contribution to mental and
physical health. Although Jesus is said
to have performed miracles of health,
offering health in this world has never
been at the core of Christianity or, for
that matter, the other Abrahamic
religions of Judaism and Islam.
Bringing to maturity loving and selfgiving
persons has been the primary
concern of Christianity, whether or not
this contributes to health and well-being.
But the question is, as I elaborated
above, does Christian love build on eros
- that is, our strivings for health and
other goods - or come exclusively from
some trans-natural source as Nygren
believes the normative tradition taught?
And did Christianity ever identify eros
and our deepest motivations with
Page | 36
something like inclusive fitness and kin
altruism?
Let me start with Aquinas. In the
“Supplement” to his Summa Theologica
III,
Thomas follows Aristotle and the
Roman natural-law theorist Ulpian in
asserting that humans share with all
animals an inclination to have offspring.
19 Having said this, he then introduces a
very modern sounding commentary on
the uniqueness to humans of the long
period of infant dependency. Notice the
similarity of his argument to the words
of Cacioppo above. Aquinas writes,
Yet nature does not incline thereto in
the same way in all animals; since
there are animals whose offspring
are able to seek food immediately
after birth, or are sufficiently fed by
their mother; and in these there is no
tie between male and female;
whereas in those whose offspring
needing the support of both parents,
although for a short time, there is a
certain tie, as may be seen in certain
birds. In man, however, since the
child needs the parents’ care for a
long time, there is a very great tie
between male and female, to which
tie even the generic nature inclines. 20
Although there is in this quote a
description of how family formation
emerges at the human level, there is an
implicit argument for both the fact of
human infant dependency and what we
today call inclusive fitness as well. But
these ideas are even more evident in the
next quote, although stated very much
from the male point of view, a habit
typical of his time. Aquinas says, “Since
the natural life which cannot be
preserved in the person of an undying
father is preserved, by a kind of
succession, in the person of the son, it is
naturally befitting that the son succeed in
the things belonging to the father.” 21
Aquinas’s main source for this insight
was Aristotle’s Politics. In one place
Aristotle wrote, “ In common with other
animals and with plants, mankind have a
natural desire to leave behind them an
image of themselves.” 22
However, in both Aristotle and
Aquinas, such claims were not just about
the importance of kin continuity, they
were statements about the origin and
need of long-term investments by
parents at the human level. In contrast
to his teacher Plato who, in his Republic,
had advocated removing children from
their biological parents in an effort to
overcome the civil frictions created by
nepotism, 23 Aristotle counters with an
assertion about the origins of human
care. Aristotle wrote, “That which is
common to the greatest number has the
least care bestowed upon it.” He
believed that in Plato’s state, “love will
be watery….Of the two qualities which
chiefly inspire regard and affection –
that a thing is your own and that it is
your only one – neither can exist in such
a state as this.” 24 This is an assertion
about the importance of kin altruism in
human care.
Although Aquinas saw these
natural inclinations as important for the
formation of long-term human care, he
believed that they were not sufficient for
mature parental love. Powerful social,
cultural, and indeed religious
reinforcements were also necessary for
stable parental investment to be realized.
This, once again, is due, according to
Aquinas, because of the many long years
of human childhood dependency; human
children need their parents for a very
long period of time and over the course
Page | 37
of many contingencies and challenges.
This leads Aquinas to develop his
theology of marriage as a way of
consolidating and stabilizing parental
commitment, especially paternal
commitment, to their dependent
children. 25
Although neither Aristotle nor
Aquinas presented the full
intergenerational scope of Cacioppo’s
interpretation of kin altruism and
inclusive fitness – that it must extend to
our children’s children and not just our
own – both perspectives comprehended
the interlocking nature of kin altruism
and the well-spring of care, long-term
human commitment, and hence some of
the rudimentary energies of human
morality.
Of course, Aquinas and those
who followed him supplemented these
naturalistic observations with additional
epistemological presuppositions that
may seem strange to scientists. These
included the idea that God works
through nature as well as grace, hence
God is present in the kin altruistic
inclinations of parents and grandparents.
He also assumed that in order for kin
altruism to be stable, the additional
social reinforcements of institutional
marriage and God’s strengthening grace
and forgiveness were also needed. In
addition, he held - and Christianity has
always taught - that Christian love
includes more than kin altruism and the
care of our familial offspring; it must
include the love of neighbor, stranger,
and enemy, even to the point of selfsacrifice.
For the Christian, this was
made possible by the idea that God was
the creator of all humans and hence each
person was a child of God and made in
God’s image (imago dei). For this
reason, as Kant would say on different
grounds, each individual should be
treated “always as an end and never as a
means only.” 26 In Aquinas’s view,
acting on this belief, and with the
empowering grace of God, made it
possible for Christians to build on yet
analogically generalize their kin
altruism to all children of God, even
those beyond the immediate family, their
own children, and their own kin. These
wider assumptions may be beyond the
competence of science to assess. They
entail a step toward metaphysical
speculation of the kind science would do
better to avoid. Nonetheless, in the view
of Christian love developed in Aquinas,
the seeds of a religious humanism – in
this case a Christian humanism –began
to form.
I have tried to illustrate how
insights from Aristotle and Aquinas can
join with insights from evolutionary
psychology and social neuroscience to
refine the Christian understanding of
love. In pursuing this course, I join the
work of Stephen Pope and others in
presenting this option. 27 The kind of
Christian humanism found in Aquinas
makes it possible for Christianity to be
enriched by the modern sciences of
human nature. Aquinas’s view is
strikingly different from Nygren’s
representation of Paul and Luther when
Nygren contends that Christian love does
not build on our own natural energies,
but “has come to us from heaven.” 28 Or
again, it is very different from Nygren’s
view when he writes that the Christian is
“merely the tube, the channel through
which God’s love flows.” 29 The
complete discontinuity in this statement
between the downward love of God and
the natural extension to nonkin of human
kin-altruistic impulses is stunning. And
such a view as Nygren’s precludes the
possibility of a religious humanism of
the kind I have been describing. And it
Page | 38
eliminates the possibility of the
refinements to religious views of human
nature that the conversation between
religion and science can offer.
Conclusion
My argument has been that a
revived religious humanism can come
about through the dialogue between
religion and science, particularly
between religion and the psychological
sciences. I have illustrated this with the
issue of love in Christianity. I believe
my argument could be illustrated with
other religions, especially the Abrahamic
religions of Judaism and Islam. As
Aristotle’s influence created a kind of
religious humanism in these religions in
the past, the broader dialogue between
science and religion may be able to do
this for them in the future.
But the contributions will not
simply flow from science to religion.
Even in this short essay, a question for
science to investigate has arisen. It is
this: how do religious and metaphysical
beliefs extend the impulse of natural kin
altruism, if at all? This goes beyond the
issue of the relation of religion to health.
It raises the question of the relation of
religion to expansive love for the distant
other. This is a good question that
comes from taking the claims of religion
seriously and an example of how
religion can continue to feed and
challenge scientific inquiry.
References
1 Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion
(Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
2006); Daniel Dennett, Breaking the
God Spell (New York, NY.: Viking,
2006); Sam Harris, Letter to a Christian
Nation (NY.; Alfred Knopf, 2006);
Christopher Hitchens, God is not Great
(NY.: Twelve, 2007).
2 For a discussion of these distinctions
between different forms of
phenomenology, see Paul Ricoeur,
Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences
(Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1981), pp. 63-100.
3 Will Deming, Paul on Marriage and
Celibacy (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1995). Troels Engbert-
Perdersen, Paul and the Stoics
(Louisville, KY,: Westminster John
Knox, 2000).
4 Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (New
York: Random House, 1941), Bk. VIII,
ch. 10.
5 The Interpreter’s Bible: Luke and John,
Vol. 8 (Nashville, TN.: Abingdon Press,
1952), p. 465.
6 Peter Brown, Augustine of Hippo
(Berkeley, CA.: University of California,
1969), p. 178.
7 Richard Rubinstein, Aristotle’s
Children (New York: Harcourt, Inc.,
2003)
8 Edward Scribner Ames, Religion
(Chicago: Holt, 1929).
9 Anders Nygren, Agape and Eros
(Philadelphia, PA.: Westminster Press,
1953).
10 Ibid., p. 57, 121-122.
11 Ibid., p. 101.
12 William Hamilton, “The Genetical
Evolution of Social Behavior, II”
Journal of Theoretical Biology 7
(1964), pp. 17-52.
13 Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers,
“Parental Investment and Sexual
Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual
Page | 39
Selection and the Descent of Man
(Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1972),
p. 139.
14 E.O. Wilson, Sociobiology: The New
Synthesis (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1975).
15 Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene
(Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1976).
16 John Cacioppo, “Loneliness:
Conceptualization,” (In press), pp. 4-5.
26 Immanuel Kant, Foundations of the
Metaphysics of Morals (New York:
Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1959), p. 49.
27 Stephen Pope, “The Order of Love in
Recent Roman Catholic Ethics, “
Theological Studies 52 (1991), pp. 255-
288.
28 Nygren, Agape and Eros, p. 734.
29
Ibid, p. 735.
17 Ibid., p. 5.
18 John Cacioppo and J. T. Brandon,
“Religious Involvement and Health,”
Psychological Inquiry 13:3 (2002), pp.
??.
19 Larry Arnhart, “Thomistic Natural
Law as Darwinian Natural Right,” Ellen
Frenkel, Fred Miller, Jeffrey Paul (eds.),
Natural Law and Modern Moral
Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001), pp. 1-2.
20 Aquinas, Summa Theologica, III,
“Supplement,” q., 41.1.
21 Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra
Gentiles (London: Burns, Oates, and
Washburn, 1928), 3, ii, p. 115.
22 Aristotle, Politics, Richard McKeon
(ed.) The Basic Works of Aristotle (New
York: Random House, 1941), I, i.
23 Plato, The Republic (New York:
Basic Books, 1968), Bk. 5, pp. 461-
465.
24 Aristotle, Politics, Bk. 2, chpt. 3.
25 Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, 3, ii,
p. 115.
Page | 40
The Status of the Body Politic and the
Status of the Body Itself
In the long history of
conversations between science and
religion, starting points matter. As Don
Browning demonstrates through the
example of Thomas Aquinas, when
religions start with a desire to understand
human behavior, such as the long-term
human commitment between parent and
child, they recognize that science might
illuminate and refine that understanding.
And religion, in turn, might shape social
institutions that not only enhance the
human drive toward social connection
but also imaginatively extend its
influence beyond direct kinship to
influence ethical relations with neighbor
and stranger. By starting with a shared
interest in understanding what Browning
calls “the rudimentary energies of
human morality,” creative conversation
between science and religion thus
prompts a religious humanism, in which
religion partners with science to shape
models of fulfillment for human
sociality.
Like Browning, Louise Hawkley
starts with the human quest for social
connection. As humans mature,
Hawkley observes, they proceed from
childhood dependence not toward
independence but toward
interdependence. But, whereas
Browning pursued the implications of
interdependence for the body politic,
Hawkley wants to know the
consequences of interdependence for the
physical body. Her research focuses on
the interplay between psychological and
physical factors in the human sense of
social connectedness, and Hawkley finds
that “feeling wanted and accepted and
like one belongs are as vital to our
existence as the air we breathe. “ A
robust sense of social connection
reverberates throughout the human body,
and its absence—in loneliness—is likely
to have long-term adverse effects on
personal health.
Page | 41
Chapter 4 4
Health by Connection:
From Social Brains to Resilient Bodies
We enter and leave the world
alone, but at no time do we exist
disconnected from others. The
connection with the mother that begins
4 The lead author is Louise C. Hawkley, Ph.D., a
Senior Research Scientist (Assistant Professor),
member of the Center for Cognitive and Social
Neuroscience, and Associate Director of the
Social Neuroscience Laboratory at the University
of Chicago. Her research is concerned with the
interplay of psychological and physiological
factors, and includes the study of autonomic,
neuroendocrine, immune, genetic, and behavioral
processes that contribute to physical and mental
health and well-being in individuals differing in
perceived social connectedness. She has
published numerous articles and chapters on
perceived social isolation (loneliness) and its
antecedents and consequences in young and
aging adults.
Hawkley finds awe in the significance
of what it means to be a social species. Atul
Gawande wrote, “We are social not just in the
trivial sense that we like company, and not just
in the obvious sense that we each depend on
others. We are social in a more elemental way:
simply to exist as a normal human being requires
interaction with other people” (The New Yorker,
March 2009). Hawkley believes that we are
social beings to our cellular core, and even that
does not capture the full extent of our sociality.
For these reasons, she is increasingly
uncomfortable with the term “loneliness,” a term
that is laden with popular definitions and
understandings that only hint at the deeper
significance of our social nature. As she shows,
what the study of loneliness actually reveals is
that feeling wanted and accepted and like one
belongs are as vital to our existence as the air we
breathe. Nothing kills like being denied a
socially meaningful existence.
in utero does not end with the physical
severing of the umbilical cord but
continues in a lengthy dependence on the
mother or primary caregiver(s) for food
and safety. Years are needed for the
infant to reach physical and reproductive
maturation, but as Cacioppo notes, even
more importantly these years are needed
for the infant to develop the social and
emotional skills necessary for survival in
a complex social world. We graduate
from infantile dependence not to
independence but to interdependence
(cooperation, trust, reciprocity, etc.).
That we are born to and for connection
explains why feeling disconnected,
isolated, and like we don’t belong can be
so painful. We call these feelings
loneliness. Feelings of loneliness
function like physical pain or hunger or
thirst; they motivate us to alleviate the
social pain and to repair our sense of
connectedness. This is an important
adaptive function of loneliness because
people who feel connected fare much
better than those who feel disconnected.
They are not only happier but also
healthier than their more lonely
counterparts. As we will see, the power
of felt connectedness reverberates
throughout the human body. As was
aptly stated by Frederick Buechner,
“You can kiss your family and friends
good-bye and put miles between you,
but at the same time you carry them with
you in your heart, your mind, your
stomach, because you do not just live in
a world but a world lives in you.” 1 We
tend to take for granted our sense of
social connectedness, but that should not
blind us to its powerful, albeit invisible,
influence on our lives. Its impact is best
exposed when we observe the effects of
its absence (i.e., loneliness) on physical
and mental health and well-being.
Loneliness is a Health Risk, but How?
Page | 42
For research purposes, loneliness
is typically measured on a continuum
that ranges from not at all lonely (i.e.,
socially connected) to very lonely. It is
informative, however, to get a sense of
the prevalence of loneliness when
assessed as present or absent. Loneliness
is a common experience; as many as 80
percent of people under 18 years of age
and 30 percent of people over 65 years
of age report being lonely at least
sometimes. For most people, feelings of
loneliness are situational and transient
(e.g., geographic relocation). For as
many as 15-30% of the general
population, however, loneliness is a
chronic state, and it is among these
individuals that loneliness wreaks its
greatest havoc. In a study of children
followed through young adulthood,
those who were highly lonely at each of
three measurement occasions (i.e.,
childhood, adolescence, and at 26 years
of age) exhibited a significantly greater
number of standard health risks. The
chronically lonely individuals were more
likely to have higher body mass index
(BMI), elevated blood pressure, higher
levels of total cholesterol, lower levels
of “good” HDL cholesterol, greater
concentrations of glycosylated
hemoglobin (an index of impaired
glucose metabolism), and poorer
respiratory fitness than those who were
lonely at only two or one of the
measurement occasions. 2 In a study of
older adults, loneliness predicted
mortality over a 3-year period, and
increased mortality was explained by the
fact that lonely individuals had more
chronic diseases and functional
limitations. 3 Higher rates of mortality in
lonely individuals do not appear to be
attributable to inadequate healthcare
utilization: even after accounting for the
presence and severity of chronic illness,
lonely individuals are actually more
likely than nonlonely individuals to
make use of health facilities and
physicians. 4
Most chronic diseases (e.g.,
hypertension, coronary artery disease,
diabetes) are the result of the interactive
influences of genetic, environmental,
and behavioral factors on physiological
functioning. How do feelings of
loneliness penetrate to a level that affects
disease risk? Plausible pathways include
poor health behaviors, stress-related
processes, restorative “anti-stress”
processes, and even differences in
patterns of gene activity. In general,
physiological systems exhibit
redundancies and compensatory
processes that minimize the immediate
health effects of adverse heritable,
environmental, and behavioral factors.
However, subtle changes in these
predisease pathways can be detected
prior to the onset of manifest disease and
may indicate the beginnings of a steeper
downward trajectory in resilience. 5
Take health behaviors, for
instance. Major risk factors for disease
in Western society include high-calorie,
high-fat diets, and sedentary lifestyles,
each of which contribute to being
overweight or obese. Feelings of
loneliness have been associated with
greater incidence of these predominantly
lifestyle risk factors. In a large crosssectional
survey of adults 18 years and
older, the lonely group had a higher
mean BMI and a greater proportion of
overweight/obese individuals than did
the nonlonely group. Loneliness has
been associated with lower levels of
physical activity in every age group from
grade school to middle-age adults. In the
latter study, lonely individuals were also
more likely to become inactive over
time. Changes in health status also
Page | 43
predicted an increased likelihood of
becoming inactive, but the effects of
loneliness were independent of changes
in health status. Similarly, individuals
with fewer social connections (i.e., a
smaller social network) were less likely
to be physically active, but the effects of
loneliness on physical activity did not
depend on the size of the social network.
The invisible force of loneliness seems
to play a unique role in this particular
predisease pathway.
Another commonly cited risk
factor for disease is stress. In reality,
“stress” refers to a family of predisease
pathways, each of which may be
vulnerable to the influence of lonely
feelings. Loneliness is itself a source of
stress, but lonely individuals also differ
in their exposure to stressful events and
circumstances. This is less evident in
young adults than it is in older adults in
whom loneliness was associated with
having experienced a greater number of
stressful life events in the past year (e.g.,
death in the family, marital crisis,
change in employment status) and more
sources of chronic stress (e.g.,
employment stress, marital stress). 6 In
addition, lonely individuals perceive life
as more stressful and less gratifying than
their socially connected counterparts,
even when objective indications are that
lonely and nonlonely individuals do not
differ in the types of activities and
behaviors they engage in on a daily
basis. Good quality social interactions
typically ameliorate feelings of stress,
but because lonely people perceive their
interactions to be less positive than those
of nonlonely people, they fail to derive
the same benefit. Good coping strategies
can also ameliorate feelings of stress, but
lonely individuals are more likely to
respond to stress with pessimism and
avoidance than with optimism and active
engagement. And to add insult to injury,
loneliness increases sensitivity to and
surveillance for social threats. Anxiety,
low self-esteem, and fear of negative
evaluation elicit self-defensive behaviors
and effectively tax cognitive resources
that would normally be available to meet
the demands of daily life stress. Thus,
what might naively be thought of as a
circumscribed problem—the feeling of
loneliness and isolation—may be seen
by the sufferer as a world of inescapable
threat. 7 How might these cognitions and
perceptions influence physiology and
health? As Berntson shows in his
chapter, the brain regions involved in
emotional and perceptual processes are
intimately related to brain regions
involved in the regulation of
physiological systems. This is
particularly evident in alterations of the
functioning of the cardiovascular system
in lonely individuals. In young adults,
this alteration is apparent in increased
resistance to blood flow in small arteries
throughout the body. Increased vascular
resistance is a precursor and
predominant contributor to age-related
increases in systolic blood pressure
(SBP), a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease. In middle-aged
adults, SBP is significantly higher in
lonely adults than in their nonlonely
counterparts. Moreover, loneliness
accelerates the rate of increases in SBP, 8
indicating a faster decline in
physiological resilience and a heightened
risk for chronic cardiovascular disease.
It’s as though loneliness accelerates the
aging process.
By virtue of extensive
interconnections among the brain,
peripheral nervous systems, and
endocrine glands, the feelings of
isolation and loneliness have a broad and
Page | 44
deep reach. The hypothalamus plays a
key role in enabling communication
from brain to periphery. Located in the
lower central region of the brain, the
hypothalamus receives neural input on
brain and body states (e.g., pain,
sadness, fear, hunger) and in response
signals brain regions that control the
autonomic nervous system and the
pituitary and adrenal glands. Signals to
the autonomic nervous system permit
modulation of heart rate, blood pressure,
and numerous other factors that serve to
maintain homeostasis. Signals to the
pituitary gland (located at the base of the
brain, just below the hypothalamus)
prompt the release of hormones that
ultimately permit modulation of almost
every endocrine gland in the body,
including the adrenal glands (one is
situated on top of each kidney). The
adrenal glands serve many functions,
and one is to produce and secrete
cortisol. Cortisol is frequently referred to
as a “stress hormone” because
circulating levels increase dramatically
in response to any stimulus that requires,
or might require, metabolic resources.
Thus, cortisol increases blood sugar
levels, increases blood pressure, and
reduces immune responses and
inflammation (hence the use of cortisone
cream or injections to control
inflammation of the skin after exposure
to poison ivy). This complex web of
physiological links may seem far
removed from feelings of social
isolation, but loneliness has repeatedly
been observed to be a risk factor for
elevated levels of cortisol, especially in
the morning. For instance, in middleaged
adults, the more intense the degree
of loneliness reported at day’s end over
the course of three days in everyday life,
the higher the spike in cortisol the
subsequent morning. The conundrum is
that loneliness is associated with
increased risk of chronic conditions that
are characterized by heightened
inflammation (e.g., atherosclerosis,
elevated cholesterol levels, heart disease,
diabetes, and even cognitive
impairment). If cortisol dampens
inflammation, why might elevated levels
of cortisol in lonely individuals be
associated with more rather than less
inflammation?
It turns out that communication
among the hypothalamus, pituitary
gland, and adrenal glands becomes
dysregulated when chronically
stimulated. Whereas cortisol effectively
dampens immune and inflammatory
responses on an acute basis, when
circulating cortisol levels are chronically
elevated, cells become resistant to its
immunosuppressant and antiinflammatory
effects. This alteration
happens at the level of DNA where the
actions of genes in each cell of our body
can be turned on (i.e., expressed) or off.
Recent evidence suggests that the effects
of loneliness reach down to this level.
Circulating leukocytes (white blood
cells) from a small group of chronically
lonely adults showed decreased
expression of glucocorticoid response
genes relative to expression rates in a
matched group of socially connected
adults. These genes are important
because they activate the production of
proteins that “hear” the antiinflammatory
signal sent by cortisol.
Thus, despite higher levels of circulating
cortisol in the lonely group, the cortisol
signal may still not be heard. The lonely
group also showed increased expression
of genes carrying pro-inflammatory
elements which, together with reduced
expression of glucocorticoid response
genes, provides a functional genomic
explanation for elevated risk of
Page | 45
inflammatory disease in individuals who
experience chronically high levels of
loneliness. 9
The effects of loneliness are not
limited to an increase in healththreatening
processes. Loneliness has
also been associated with a decrease in
health-restoring processes. Sleep is the
quintessential example. Much of what
feels stressful and depressing at the end
of a long day is perceived differently
following a good night’s sleep. Good
quality sleep is the clincher. Lonely and
non-lonely individuals do not differ in
the amount of sleep they get, but lonely
people have poorer sleep quality than do
non-lonely people. They experience
more micro-awakenings during the night
and they awake feeling more tired and
less capable of meeting the demands of
the day. Poor sleep has been associated
with elevated blood pressure and
cardiovascular mortality, and this may
help to explain the poorer health
outcomes of chronically lonely
individuals. In short, lonely days extend
into the nights and lessen the restorative
nature of sleep.
Loneliness and Health: It’s Not Just
Peripheral
From this sampling of the
widespread effects of loneliness on
health, lifestyle behaviors, physiological
functioning, genetic transcription, and
sleep quality, it should be clear that the
invisible power of felt isolation has long
tentacles that have the potential to
influence all of physiology. Not only
physical health, but also cognitive health
is compromised. Indeed, one of the most
sobering findings of recent years is that
loneliness places people at risk for
impaired cognition and dementia. 10 In a
4-year prospective study of initially
dementia-free older adults, the risk of
Alzheimer’s Disease was more than
twice as great in lonely than in
nonlonely individuals. In addition,
loneliness was associated with lower
cognitive ability at baseline and with a
more rapid decline in cognition during
the 4-year follow-up. Similar results
were reported for a sample of 75-85-
year-old individuals over a 10-year
follow-up.
The effects of loneliness on
cognition are evident at an even more
fundamental level. 11 Self-regulation, or
the ability to regulate one’s attention,
cognition, emotion, and/or behavior to
better meet social standards or personal
goals, is impaired in lonely individuals.
For instance, among young adults,
instructions to shift auditory attention
from the dominant right ear to the nondominant
left ear resulted in impaired
performance in lonely relative to
nonlonely individuals. Loneliness also
alters emotion regulation. In middleaged
and older adults, loneliness was
associated with a diminished tendency to
capitalize on positive emotions, and this
explained why lonely individuals were
less likely than nonlonely individuals to
engage in physical activity. Impaired
cognitive regulation is evident in
experimental studies that manipulate
feelings of isolation. Participants who
receive feedback that induces a sense
that they are doomed to a future of social
isolation perform significantly worse on
tests of reasoning, behave more
aggressively, and choose more tasty but
unhealthy foods than other participants
who receive feedback indicating a future
of social connection or bad feedback of a
non-social nature, namely that their
future will consist of general
misfortune. 12 There seems to be
something uniquely threatening about
the prospect, and the reality, of feeling
Page | 46
isolated, disconnected, and like one
doesn’t belong.
In terms of emotional health, the
prospect for lonely people is increasing
misery, at least over the short term.
Loneliness and depressed affect tend to
be thought of as synonymous, but the
two are conceptually and empirically
distinct. If loneliness and depression
were synonymous, increases in
loneliness would have no capacity to
predict increases in depressive
symptoms because increases in one
would be exactly paralleled by increases
in the other. Instead, longitudinal data
have shown that loneliness predicts an
increase in depressive symptoms but
depressive symptoms do not predict an
increase in loneliness over a one-year
interval. 13 Importantly, the influence of
loneliness on depressive symptoms was
not attributable to fewer social
connections, general negativity, stress,
or poor social support. These data
suggest that the relevant intervention
target is loneliness, and that modifying
the cognitions, perceptions, and
expectations of the lonely individual
could help improve quality of life and
overall well-being.
Social Connectedness: Invisible Forces
Made Visible
At this juncture, having become
acquainted with the burden of loneliness,
it is helpful to remember that most
people, most of the time, feel socially
connected. They derive satisfaction and
meaning from their social relationships,
and this makes them happier and more
satisfied with life. Interestingly,
happiness leads to higher levels of
relationship satisfaction, indicating that
happiness and relationship satisfaction
feed forward to foster spirals of
increasing happiness and relationship
satisfaction. The general positivity that
ensues from happiness is also apparent
in the effects of happiness on income.
Happiness predicted increases in
household income over a 2-year period
in middle-aged adults. However,
relationship satisfaction also predicted
increases in household income over this
time period and, remarkably,
relationship satisfaction helped to
explain the effect of happiness on
income. It seems that happy people
experience increases in income in part
because of the general good will that
surrounds the socially contented
individual and that elicits tangible and
intangible positivity from others.
It is perhaps precisely because
most people feel socially connected and
happy that we take for granted the
invisible force of social connectedness
and its stabilizing and nurturing
influence in all aspects of life. Only in
its absence do we begin to comprehend
its power. Western notions of the
autonomous individual notwithstanding,
human beings are “wired” for social
connections and need social bonds to
feel safe, valued, motivated, and
competent. 14 Among the lamentations
expressed by some in Western societies
is a concern that our autonomy and
independence come at the expense of
meaningful social relationships and a
sense of belonging to a larger social unit.
Family members are no longer
obligatorily part of our social
community, while Facebook friends,
some of whom we know only through
electronic media, are deemed essential to
fulfilling our need for a sense of
connectedness and belonging. 15 The
broadening of our social worlds has not
been accompanied by maintenance,
much less improvement, of the quality of
our social relationships. One national
study showed a threefold increase
Page | 47
between 1985 and 2004 in the number of
Americans who reported no one with
whom to discuss important matters. 16
We are a meaning-making species, and
relationships that offer security, comfort,
trust, and pleasure, even if interactions
are relatively infrequent, are much more
effective at fostering a sense of
connectedness and belonging than are
more friends or more frequent
interactions that fail to meet these
standards. The challenge, especially for
those of us who live in Western society,
is to recognize that the invisible force of
social connectedness has benefits for
health and well-being that we ignore at
our peril.
Conclusion
The research on loneliness
highlights the need for and benefits of
human connections, but it speaks even
more directly to the role of beliefs about
our connections. Loneliness, after all, is
not about how many social relationships
a person has, but is about a belief that
the existing social relationships fail to
satisfy a desired sense of social
connectedness. All human relationships
have a tangible existence in physical
interactions and an invisible existence in
mental representations and beliefs. This
human capacity expands the range of
possible relationships. For instance,
humans form meaningful connections
with pets, with television characters
whom they have never met, and with
deities who lack a material existence.
We have seen the health impact of the
invisible force of loneliness; do different
kinds of invisible forces have different
effects?
References
1. Buechner, F. (1977). Telling the
Truth: The Gospel as Tragedy,
Comedy, and Fairy Tale (p. 3).
New York: HarperCollins
Publishers.
2. Caspi, A., Harrington, H.,
Moffitt, T.E., Milne, B.J., &
Poulton, R. (2006). Socially
isolated children 20 years later.
Archives of Pediatric Adolescent
Medicine, 160, 805–811.
3. Sugisawa, H., Liang, J., & Liu,
X. (1994). Social networks,
social support, and mortality
among older people in Japan.
Journal of Gerontology, 49, S3-
13.
4. Cheng, S. (1992). Lonelinessdistress
and physician utilization
in well-elderly females. Journal
of Community Psychology, 20,
43-56; Geller, J., Janson, P.,
McGovern, E., & Valdini, A.
(1999). Loneliness as a predictor
of hospital emergency
department use. The Journal of
Family Practice, 48, 801-804.
5. Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J.
T. (2007). Aging and loneliness:
Downhill quickly? Current
Directions in Psychological
Science, 16, 187-191.
6. Hawkley, L. C., Hughes, M. E.,
Waite, L., J., Masi, C. M.,
Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T.
(2008). From social structural
factors to perceptions of
relationship quality and
loneliness: The Chicago Health,
Aging, and Social Relations
Study. Journal of Gerontology:
Social Sciences, 63B, S375-S384.
7. Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, B.
(2008). Loneliness: Human
nature and the need for social
connection. New York: W. W.
Norton & Company.
8. Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A.,
Masi, C. M., & Cacioppo, J. T.
Page | 48
(under review). Loneliness
predicts increased blood
pressure: Five-year cross-lagged
analyses in middle-aged and
older adults.
9. Cole, S. W., Hawkley, L. C.,
Arevalo, J. M., Sung, C. Y.,
Rose, R. M., & Cacioppo, J. T.
(2007). Social regulation of gene
expression in humans:
Glucocorticoid resistance in the
leukocyte transcriptome. Genome
Biology, 8, R189.1-R189.13.
10. Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R.,
Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A.,
Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L., et al.
(2007). Loneliness and risk of
Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 64, 234–
240.
11. Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L.
C. (2009). Perceived social
isolation and cognition. Trends in
Cognitive Science, 13, 447-454.
12. Baumeister, R.F., DeWall, C. N.,
Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M.
(2005). Social exclusion impairs
self-regulation. Journal of
Personality & Social Psychology,
88, 589-604; Twenge, J.M.,
Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., &
Stucke, T. S. (2001). If you can't
join them, beat them: Effects of
social exclusion on aggressive
behavior. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology, 81, 1058-
1069.
13. Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C.,
& Thisted, R. (2009). Perceived
social isolation makes me sad:
Five year cross-lagged analyses
of loneliness and depressive
symptomatology in the Chicago
Health, Aging, and Social
Relations Study. Psychology and
Aging, in press.
14. Dunbar, R. I. M., & Shultz, S.
(2007). Evolution in the social
brain. Science, 317, 1344-1347.
15. Pappano, L. (2001). The
Connection Gap: Why Americans
Feel So Alone. Piscataway, NJ:
Rutgers University Press.
16. McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L.,
& Brashears, M. T. (2006).
Social isolation in America:
Changes in core discussion
networks over two decades.
American Sociological Review,
71, 353-375.
Page | 49
From Relationships to People and
Groups to Relationships with God
The extent and quality of our
social connections can have profound
consequences for our physical wellbeing.
In her essay, Louise Hawkley
explores in particular the consequences
that feelings of inadequate social
connection have on such physical
outcomes as sleep quality, high blood
pressure, reduced ability to respond to
inflammation, cognitive health in aging,
and cardiovascular health. While
Hawkley emphasizes the relationship
between the invisible forces of social
connection and health and the biological
mechanisms responsible for this
relationship, Gary Berntson takes things
one step further by exploring a person’s
perceived connection with God and its
effects on our basic biological systems.
Many of our basic biological processes,
such as breathing or maintaining
sufficient blood pressure to oxygenate
the brain, are reflexes that are so
automatic that they become invisible to
us. Berntson shows that thoughts and
beliefs alter not only behaviors, but also
the regulation of these reflex-like
mechanisms. And he suggests that the
root of these effects may lie in the way
that humans and other animals maintain
biological equilibrium with regulatory
mechanisms that, under ordinary
circumstances, keep each other in check.
This theory describes a biological
mechanism that could explain why
spirituality is associated with generally
better health.
Page | 50
Chapter 5 5
Psychosomatic Relations: From
Superstition to Mortality
People have many sources of
information, knowledge and
5 The lead author is Gary G. Berntson, Ph.D., a
Professor of Psychology, Psychiatry and
Pediatrics and a member of the Neurosciences
Graduate Faculty at the Ohio State University.
He is a co-founder (with John Cacioppo) of the
field of social neuroscience, is a co-editor of the
Handbook of Psychophysiology and the
Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral
Sciences, and is the President of the Society for
Psychophysiological Research. Berntson’s
research focuses on the evolutionary
development of the neuraxis, with special regard
to levels of organization in neurobehavioral
systems, affective processes and autonomic
regulation. He has published over 200 articles in
scientific outlets and six books.
Berntson begins with the fact that
knowledge, thoughts and beliefs can influence
our behaviors. Behaviors, of course, are
physiological processes entailing neural
operations and muscular actions. Here we see a
clear intersection between the psychological
domain on the one hand (knowledge, thoughts
and beliefs) and the physical domain
(neuromuscular effector systems) on the other.
But mind-body relations extend beyond the
observable actions or skeletal muscles. The mind
and its organ, the brain, also impact powerfully
on internal bodily functions associated with the
autonomic nervous system, the endocrine
system, and the immune system, to name just a
few. Through these interactions, psychological
processes can be translated in outcomes that have
powerful significance for adaptation and health.
Berntson explores the processes by which
thoughts can manifest in fundamental changes in
internal physiology and health.
understanding. We consider the most
common of these to be empirically
acquired, learned facts, relations,
associations, and perceptual and motor
skills. Such learned associations serve as
powerful determinants of thought and
behavior. But other sources of
information and knowledge also affect
our interaction with the environment,
including reflex-like (constitutionally
endowed) circuits that are independent
of explicit learning. Examples include
central networks for pain withdrawal,
hunger circuits for the ingestion of
essential nutrients, social affiliation
networks, and neural systems that
promote maternal bonding. Each of
these sources of information or
knowledge can impact thoughts and
beliefs, and thoughts and beliefs can
impact behaviors and other bodily
functions.
“…a Maori woman who,
having eaten some fruit, was told that it
had been taken
from a tabooed place; she
exclaimed that the sanctity of the chief
had been profaned
and that his spirit would kill
her … the next day … she was
dead.”(1)
“I have seen a strong young
man die …. the same day he was tapued
(tabooed); the victims die
under it as though their strength ran out
as water. . . ”(1)
A superstition is a belief, based
not on reason or knowledge, but on
legend, magical thinking, or other nonrational
basis. Beliefs color the way we
perceive the world, they direct and shape
our actions, and define our personalities.
Beliefs are powerful determinants of
action. A useful illustration of the power
of beliefs comes from the parable of the
Page | 51
Sultan (who had studied psychology)
and his “lie-detecting” donkey. Lore has
it that the Sultan was missing a valuable
vase from his estate and suspected that
one of his servants had stolen the piece.
To identify the culprit, the Sultan
gathered his servants in front of a dark
room in which a donkey was tied, and
then asked each of his servants if they
had stolen the item. Each said “no”. The
Sultan explained that inside the room
was a magical donkey, specially trained
to detect liars, who would bray when
slapped by someone who had lied. The
servants were sent into the room, one by
one, and were instructed to close the
door, slap the donkey and return. “When
the donkey brays,” the Sultan
proclaimed, “I will have my culprit”.
The first servant was sent into the room
and returned shortly thereafter--
tremendously relieved as the donkey had
not brayed. One by one, the remaining
servants entered the room and returned.
The donkey had not brayed and all the
servants looked quite relaxed. The
Sultan was sanguine -- he knew this
donkey never brayed under any
circumstances. The Sultan asked the
servants to show him their hands. He
then pointed to one of them and declared
“we have our thief,” instructing the
guards to take him away. How had he
identified the culprit? Rather than
relying on a magical donkey, the Sultan,
who recall was a student of psychology,
took a more rational approach.
Understanding the impact of beliefs on
behavior, the Sultan had surreptitiously
infiltrated powdered charcoal into the
donkey’s hair. When the servants
slapped the donkey, the charcoal marked
their hands—with the exception of the
guilty servant who had not slapped the
donkey, out of a belief and associated
fear that the donkey could detect a liar!
Power of Beliefs
Beliefs may be potent
determinants of behavior, but can they
kill? And if so, how? How can these
invisible, intangible entities impact
health? In a now classic article published
in the American Anthropologist in 1942,
Walter Cannon, a leading Harvard
physiologist and expert on the
autonomic nervous system, proposed an
answer (1). Investigating phenomena
such as voodoo practices of the Haitians
and “bone-pointing” among Australian
aborigines, Cannon found a common
feature among the victims of such rituals
was a strong belief in the curse and an
associated morbid fear of the outcome.
That fear, he argued, could trigger a
“fight-or-flight reaction” (a phrase he
had earlier coined), characterized by
powerful and exaggerated activation of
the sympathetic nervous system. The
resulting vascular constriction
diminishes blood flow to critical tissues
(i.e., ischemia), with consequent hypoxia
(decreased oxygen) and disturbances in
normal metabolism and cellular
function. These reactions may be
exacerbated by the lack of food and
water as the victim “pines away.”
Cannon argued that these reactions could
become life-threatening—fulfilling the
gruesome legacy of the ritual—based on
a belief in the supernatural, the veracity
of which is largely irrelevant. More
relevant is the emotion triggered by the
belief, specious as it may be.
Beliefs and emotions have
consequences, both behavioral and
physiological. A recent example comes
from the contemporary medical
literature. There is now a welldocumented
condition, sometimes
triggered by something as innocuous as a
spousal argument or a surprise birthday
party, which entails the hallmark clinical
Page | 52
and physiological features of a heart
attack, including chest pain,
abnormalities on the electrocardiogram,
and elevated cardiac enzymes (reflecting
damaged heart muscle) (2). The
condition has variously been termed
takotsubo cardiomyopathy, leftventricular
apical ballooning,
myocardial stunning, stress
cardiomyopathy, or in the more
vernacular parlance of the New York
Times, broken heart syndrome
(prompted by a medical review that was
published just before Valentine’s Day).
In general accord with the speculation of
Cannon, broken heart syndrome appears
to be triggered by an exaggerated
autonomic nervous system response,
characterized by sympathetic activation
and high levels of the stress hormone
epinephrine (adrenalin) (3). It is
important to note in these cases that
psychological states, as mild as they may
be, are able to induce a clear and
demonstrable organ pathology.
Physiological abnormalities or
dysfunctions underlie medical
conditions, and indeed, constitute the
defining features of disease states. An
important question, however, is how
those dysfunctions come to be. There are
many ways in which disease develops –
traumatic injuries, biotic infections,
degenerative conditions – and the list
goes on. The fields of psychophysiology,
psychosomatic or behavioral medicine,
and health psychology are particularly
concerned with how psychological and
behavioral factors impact physiological
systems and thus health. Of particular
interest are those psychological
dimensions that uniquely impact
physiology.
An example comes from the
study of Herpes Simplex viral infections.
Herpes Simplex viruses are responsible
for cold sores (HSV type I) and genital
herpes (HSV type II). Once contracted,
herpes virus infections generally remain
for life, although they are characterized
by periodic eruptions and remissions.
During the latter, the immune system
effectively dampens viral activity and
the virus retreat to a more or less
dormant state. Although multiple factors
likely contribute to the reactivation of
HSV, one trigger appears to be stress—
the defacing cold sore that erupts, for
example, just before the prom or an
important date. Ohio State researchers
sought an animal model of this
reactivation, so the underlying links and
mediators could be studied. Try as they
might, however, the research group was
unable to reactivate HSV infections in
mice with standard laboratory stressors,
such as restraint-stress or shock. In a
collaborative effort, we pointed out that
the stressors that lead to HSV
reactivation in humans were often of a
social nature. Indeed, for both humans
and mice, social relations are central to
happiness, adaptation and even survival.
In light of this, a social stressor was
introduced into the project (changing the
housing groupings and thus disrupting
established social relations). The social
stress, but again not physical stressors,
resulted in significant HSV reactivation
(4). Psychological factors, and in this
case a specific social psychological
variable, uniquely impacted an important
aspect of viral immunity. This early
finding led to a series of studies that
have elucidated physiological pathways
that mediate the relationship between
social stress, immune function and HSV
reactivation. But, what is it that makes
social stress unique and distinct from
physical stressors?
We have identified a probable
general contributor to the differences
Page | 53
between lower-level physical or
homeostatic challenges and higher-level
psychological and social stressors. Basic
homeostatic reflexes, reflexes that keep
in balance various critical bodily
processes such as blood pressure, body
temperature, and blood sugar, are largely
hard-wired and organized at relatively
low levels of the nervous system, such as
the brainstem and spinal cord. An
example comes from autonomic nervous
system regulation of cardiovascular
function. The sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system is an
activational, energy mobilization system
that comes into play in the face of
adaptive challenges. Sympathetic
activation increases heart rate and results
in peripheral vasoconstriction, both of
which tend to increase blood pressure. In
contrast, the parasympathetic division is
an energy-conserving, deactivational
brake that generally opposes the
sympathetic system, yielding decreases
in heart rate and blood pressure. The
baroreceptor heart rate reflex is a
homeostatic reflex that functions to
maintain blood pressure within
homeostatic limits. Unique pressure
sensitive receptors in the heart and large
arteries detect changes in blood pressure,
and a decrease in blood pressure triggers
the baroreceptor heart rate reflex,
increasing sympathetic activity and
reciprocally decreasing parasympathetic
tone. Both effects serve to increase heart
rate (and thus cardiac output) and
constrict arteries throughout the body,
thereby restoring the pressure
perturbation. In basic reflexes, the two
autonomic branches are generally
regulated in this reciprocal fashion, and
thus synergistically amplify the effects
of the other. This is a useful mechanism
to adjust to severe adaptive challenges
such as a decrease in blood pressure and
compromised circulation.
Although this reciprocal mode of
regulation of the autonomic branches has
considerable utility, and is characteristic
of basic reflex organizations, it may not
always be optimal. The autonomic
nervous system provides the basic
support for action and adjustment, and
although it figures prominently in
survival related functions, it also
provides the basic visceral support for
emotional and cognitive operations as
well. It has long been recognized that
cognitively demanding tasks elicit
greater autonomic activation than is
needed to meet the metabolic demands
of the tasks. Moreover, ascending neural
signals to the brain from visceral organs
such as the heart and blood vessels serve
to modulate and regulate cognitive
activities (5). The notable early
psychologist, William James, proposed
that emotion is the experience of
somatovisceral sensory feedback. James
suggested that we do not run from the
bear because we are afraid, but rather we
are afraid because we run from the bear
(6). Although the strong form of this
theory has not been supported, it remains
the case that ascending visceral signals
can modulate learning, attention, and
cortical/cognitive processing (5). The
autonomic nervous system is not only
for lower level reflexive adjustments.
Indeed, it is increasingly recognized that
there is a highly complex, even intricate,
interaction between the autonomic
nervous system and higher level brain
structures (e.g., frontal cortex) involved
in human behavior. Importantly, these
circuits and their interactions with the
autonomic nervous system are highly
flexible and are not constrained by the
simple organization rules that govern
basal functions such as homeostasis and
Page | 54
reciprocal control of the autonomic
branches. Rather, higher level systems
engage in highly sophisticated “banter”
with the autonomic nervous system.
In contrast to the reciprocal
control characteristic of autonomic
reflexes, higher level brain circuits exert
more flexible control over the autonomic
nervous system. This can include the
classic reciprocal control pattern, but can
also include an independent control
pattern in which only the sympathetic
branch or only the parasympathetic
branch of the autonomic nervous system
is activated, and a coactive control
pattern in which both branches are
activated. This greater flexibility in
control may have behavioral and health
significance.
Beliefs about One’s Relationship with
God and Autonomic Functioning
Recently, we used a populationbased
sample of 50-68-year-old adults in
the Chicago Health, Aging and Social
Relations Study to examine risk factors
for heart attack, a health outcome known
to be influenced the autonomic nervous
system. We were particularly interested
in whether spirituality influenced risk for
heart attack. With very few exceptions,
everyone in our sample expressed a
belief in God. However, individuals
differed in how they perceived the
quality of their relationship with God,
much as individuals differ in how they
perceive the quality of their relationships
with other people. We defined
spirituality as the degree to which a
personal relationship with God was
believed to offer safety, security,
contentment, and love. One observation
that emerged from this study was that
spirituality was associated with a lower
incidence of heart attack (7). This
remained true after ruling out the effects
of demographics, health behaviors, body
mass index, blood pressure, and other
potential explanatory factors. Short of
divine intervention, was there a rational
explanation for this relationship? We
certainly know that psychological factors
can impact autonomic control, among
other aspects of physiology.
As considered above, when
extreme or prolonged, sympathetic
activation may have harmful
consequences. Heightened sympathetic
activation is known, for example, to
predict a poorer outcome after heart
attack. In contrast, parasympathetic
activity may have beneficial or
protective effects. From the perspective
of a reciprocal model of autonomic
control, high parasympathetic/low
sympathetic control would be optimal
whereas high sympathetic/low
parasympathetic control would be
considered a risk. But we also know that
higher level neurobehavioral systems
may not be constrained to reciprocal
autonomic controls. Moreover, it has
been argued that more autonomic control
is better than little control, in that if
affords greater capacity for adjustment
of visceral functions. Could high levels
of parasympathetic control, for example,
mitigate the negative effects of
sympathetic activation and perhaps yield
an even more advantageous health
outcome?
To examine these questions, we
developed two quantitative measures of
autonomic control (7). The first was a
common metric of autonomic balance
(Cardiac Autonomic Balance), which
represents the relative dominance of the
two branches along a single autonomic
continuum that ranges from purely
parasympathetic control to purely
sympathetic control. This metric is
consistent with the classical model of
Page | 55
reciprocal control, characteristic of
reflex processes, where autonomic
balance can be biased toward one or the
other of the autonomic branches. High
scores indicate sympathetic dominance
and low scores parasympathetic
dominance. Independent estimates of
sympathetic and parasympathetic control
were obtained using standard
measurement procedures, and the level
of parasympathetic control was
subtracted from sympathetic control to
derive a measure of Cardiac Autonomic
Balance. A second metric was designed
to capture an alternative mode of
autonomic control (Cardiac Autonomic
Regulation) that assesses the degree of
relative coactivation (rather than
reciprocal activation) of both branches.
This is a metric that taps into the nonreciprocal
regulatory influences of
higher neural structures. Cardiac
Autonomic Regulation scores were
derived by essentially summing
activities of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic branches to afford a
measure of total overall autonomic
cardiac control. High scores indicate
high activation and low scores indicate
low activation of both branches of the
autonomic nervous system.
In the 50-68-year-old adults in
our sample, spirituality was found to be
associated not only with a lower
incidence of heart attack, but a higher
level of Cardiac Autonomic Regulation.
That is, people who felt closer in their
relationship with God exhibited higher
overall autonomic regulation—both
sympathetic and parasympathetic. This
was associated, in part, with lesser
diminution of parasympathetic control
and a greater degree of coactivation.
Moreover, Cardiac Autonomic
Regulation (but not Cardiac Autonomic
Balance) predicted better overall health
status and was associated with a lower
incidence of heart attack. Participants
who had low Cardiac Autonomic
Regulation were more likely to have
suffered from a heart attack.
Could higher Cardiac Autonomic
Regulation scores explain why
spirituality was associated with less risk
for heart attack? That is, could a pattern
of autonomic regulation associated with
spirituality explain the link between
spirituality and heart attack? In order to
address this question, we conducted
statistical tests of these linkages. As we
already knew, both spirituality and
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation are
associated with a lower incidence of
heart attack. When the predictive effects
of spirituality were statistically
extracted, Cardiac Autonomic
Regulation continued to be a significant
predictor of a lower incidence of heart
attack. However, when the linkage test
was reversed and the effects of Cardiac
Autonomic Regulation were extracted,
spirituality was no longer a significant
predictor. This indicates that Cardiac
Autonomic Regulation is a plausible
mediator that may explain the
relationship between spirituality and
heart attack.
By capturing higher levels of
parasympathetic control and the
associated autonomic coactivation of the
sympathetic and parasympathetic
branches, Cardiac Autonomic
Regulation provided a critical metric that
permitted the study of a previously
“invisible” and mysterious link between
spirituality and health outcomes. This in
no way diminishes the relationship
between spirituality and health, but
rather offers an important hypothesis as
to how spirituality may impact
physiology and health status. Spirituality
reflects an important aspect of the
Page | 56
general domain of sociality and social
relationships, a domain heavily
influenced by our genetic constitution as
a social species. Indeed, the importance
of sociality may be more related to
beliefs and attitudes about the
meaningfulness of relationships than
their existence or number. And again,
beliefs about social relationships also
have real consequences.
Conclusion
Beliefs impact thoughts and
actions. This may be reflected in
phenomena as diverse as biasing a
behavioral disposition (such as slapping
a donkey), coloring our perception of the
environment, or determining how we
perceive the quality of our social
(including spiritual) relations.
Psychology can also impact physiology,
and physiology, in turn, can influence
our thoughts and emotions.
Psychophysiology is the study of these
relationships, and promises to illuminate
the intricacies of psychosomatic
relations and the heretofore “invisible”
mechanisms that mediate these links.
The relations between the mind and the
body, the so-called mind-body problem,
are complex and still rather obscure.
Nevertheless, the mind-body problem is
yielding to science, and the problem it
poses is progressively diminishing.
Among the components of the mindbody
problem yielding to rigorous
scientific inquiry are the effects of
spiritual beliefs including feelings of
closeness to God.
References
1. Cannon, W.B. (1942). “Voodoo”
death. American Anthropologist, 44
(new series), 169-181.
2. Wittstein, I.S. (2007). The broken
heart syndrome. Cleve Clin J Med, 74,
Suppl 1, S17-22.
3. Wittstein, I.S., Thiemann, D.R., Lima,
J.A., Baughman, K.L., Schulman, S.P.,
Gerstenblith, G., Wu, K.C., Rade, J.J.,
Bivalacqua, T.J., & Champion, H.C.
(2005). Neurohumoral features of
myocardial stunning due to sudden
emotional stress. N Engl J Med, 352,
539-48.
4. Padgett, D. A., Sheridan, J. F., Dorne,
J., Berntson, G. G., Candelora, J., &
Glaser, R. (1998). Social stress and the
reactivation of latent herpes simplex
virus-type 1. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 95, 7231-
7235.
5. Berntson, G. G., Sarter, M. &
Cacioppo, J. T. (2003). Ascending
visceral regulation of cortical affective
information processing. European
Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 2103-2109.
6. James, W. (1884). What is an
emotion? Mind, 9, 188-205.
7. Berntson, G. G., Norman, G.,
Hawkley, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008).
Spirituality and autonomic
cardiovascular control. Annals of
Behavioral Medicine, 35, 198-208.
8. Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J.,
Hawkley, L. C. & Cacioppo, J. T.
(2008). Cardiac Autonomic Balance vs.
Cardiac Regulatory Capacity.
Psychophysiology, 45, 643-652.
Page | 57
The Mind and Body Are One
The Cartesian view of the mind
as distinct from the body persists in
twenty-first century discourse as the
mind-body problem alluded to by Gary
Berntson. Berntson provides evidence
that the mind and the body, psychology
and physiology, are not independent of
each other but represent different levels
of organization of human organisms.
Beliefs influence thoughts, behaviors,
and physiology, and peripheral
physiological processes signal central
neural networks that influence
cognitions and feelings crucial for the
generation and moderation of beliefs.
Spiritual beliefs are considered by some
to be contentious candidates for
scientific examination, yet Berntson
argues that spiritual beliefs can be
identified, measured, and subjected to
scientific investigation in the same
fashion as any other belief or invisible
force. Accordingly, Berntson examines
the effects of a specific spiritual belief –
the belief that one has a close personal
relationship with God. As documented
by Berntson, this belief is associated
with rather profound physiological and
health effects.
Whereas Berntson focuses on the
influence of the mind on the body and
vice versa, Gün Semin speaks of the
mind in the body and, more specifically,
in several bodies simultaneously. In his
social cognition model, Semin
challenges the limits of individual social
cognition and argues that regulation and
co-regulation of social behavior are
distributed across brains. When several
individuals exhibit spontaneous
synchronized behaviors (e.g., handclapping),
the human tendency is to
invoke a “supra-individual” explanation.
Semin describes a mechanism by which
the supra-individual source can be
explained as shared motor
representations and ongoing monitoring
of observed actions that, under certain
conditions, lead to dissolution of the
boundary between self and other. The
resulting shared experience of unity and
collective identity may feel
transcendental, but the mechanisms are
as real and explicable as those governing
individual behaviors and experiences.
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Chapter 6 6
The Suspension of Individual
Consciousness and
The Dissolution of Self and Other
Boundaries
When we watch a group of
soldiers marching in formation, we see
the behavior of the group synchronized.
Although we can make out the
6 The lead author is Gün R. Semin, Ph.D., an
Academy Professor, Royal Netherlands
Academy of Arts and Sciences, at Utrecht
University, The Netherlands. He is the founding
Scientific Director of the Kurt Lewin Graduate
School , a past president of the European
Association of Experimental Social Psychology,
and the Chair of the International Committee of
the Association for Psychological Science.
Semin’s research is primarily driven by an
interest in communication, social cognition as
jointly recruited process, and language and the
diverse uses that language can be put to in social
interaction (ranging from the regulation of
prejudice to that of interpersonal relationships)
as well as the embodied grounding of meaning
and communication.
A puzzle that has occupied Semin much
of his career is how it is possible to understand
social behavior by explaining individual
processes. Another puzzle has been why one
should focus on stills when human behavior is a
movie: behavior is self evidently dynamic and
highly responsive to contextual variations.
Finally, Semin has been puzzled by how it is
possible to think that all there might be to
psychological processes is some symbolic
computation taking place somewhere between
the ears. As outlined in this essay, he has come
to conceptualize the social in terms of jointly
recruited processes rather than individual ones,
social behavior as situated, and psychological
processes as embodied.
individual within the group, the group
seems to be an entity of its own and the
individual soldier seems to have become
a cog in the social machine. Mob
behavior, crowds at sporting events, and
soldiers in formation all suggest that
when we are organized to act together,
the group becomes an emergent entity
that can submerge the sense of the
individual self. This apparent social
absorption stands in contrast to our
typical experience of being autonomous,
self-aware agents in the world. The
dissolution of the boundary between the
self and the group is one manifestation
of the social brain and the mechanisms
that support our ability to connect with
others.
Although not everyone has the
experience of marching in a band or
running with a mob, most people have
been part of an audience at a concert or
play. At the end of a particularly
thrilling performance, an audience can
be moved spontaneously as a group to
clap wildly. In these situations, we
know the feeling of surging to our feet as
a collective, hands clapping and faces
beaming with approval. As the clapping
blooms, individual clappers merge into a
synchronized unit. 1, 2 Similarly,
thousands of individual sports fans have
been observed to stand and raise their
hands in a synchronized fashion to
produce a collective wave that travels
around the stadium. In both cases,
individual people act as a collective unit,
a superorganismal structure, with
capacities and behaviors beyond the
reach of any single individual in the
group.
These examples are instances of
behavioral uniformity in large groups.
What is distinctive about these examples
is that the observed behavioral
synchrony can be understood in terms of
Page | 59
a shared social goal. Sometimes the goal
is spontaneous as in clapping to
demonstrate appreciation and sometimes
the goal is imposed by the situation (e.g.,
musicians following a musical score and
instructions of a conductor, soldiers
marching to the call of a drill sergeant).
However, when we behave in synchrony
with others, there is a sense of becoming
part of something larger than ourselves.
To the people engaged in
spontaneously synchronized behavior,
there is a clearly identifiable and
seemingly individual ‘cause’ for their
emergent behavior. But when a group
shares the same goal—demonstrating
approval—and engages in the same
action—clapping—the stage is set for
such behavior to become coordinated
and organized even without an external
agent (conductor or drill sergeant). How
do those moments of spontaneous social
aggregation occur? How does the social
brain work to join with others to form
the emergent group?
We have begun to understand the
underlying dynamics of how and when
such phenomena are likely to occur and
even how such phenomena can be
potentially engineered. New insights
afforded by developments in social
psychology, developmental psychology,
and social neuroscience have suggested
the way in which our brains respond to
the invisible force of social connection.
These scientific developments suggest
neural mechanisms that may be
important to the way we interact with
others. At the same time, the insights
also reveal the likely conditions under
which individual self merges into the
group. Such situations when the sense of
self is suspended contrast sharply with
the modern Western notion of the
individual standing apart from others.
Indeed, the traditional Western focus on
individual-centered reasons, motives,
intentions, and causes may be at odds
with some forms of spontaneously
synchronized behaviors and group
action.
Towards a Biology of Social
Interaction
Consider the perspective of an
engaged spectator at a singles tennis
match. Although we may be sitting
distant from competitors, if we identify
with one of the players we are not
merely passive observers. On the
contrary, our observation of the events in
the game can serve to activate some of
the same neural mechanisms that would
be active if we were playing the game
rather than just observing it. We can feel
the moves, feel the impetus to defend an
attack, and feel the urge to slam the ball
as if we ourselves are playing, albeit
without actually flailing our arms
around. We may even anticipate a move
by the opponent and imagine ourselves
making the potential response. Research
over the last 10 years or so has revealed
that our brains can map the movements
of other human beings onto our own
bodies almost as if we were making
those movements 3 . This ability to put
ourselves in another person’s shoes
makes it possible to identify with either
player.
By comparison to the audience,
consider how this ability can serve us as
one of the players. This capacity
provides an important facility for
anticipating our opponent’s moves
allowing us to plan a response even
before the opponent has completed a
groundstroke. This kind of anticipation
does not depend on explicit reasoning or
conscious reflection—it seems to operate
as an automatic mechanism 3, 4 . This
kind of mechanism may facilitate
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understanding the behavior of others. If
your brain mirrors the neural activity in
the brain of someone you see acting, this
could provide a basis for understanding
the motivation for the action. If your
brain resonates to the observed action as
if you were acting, this could call to
mind previous experiences acting that
way providing a memory for why you
acted that way. That is, our social brain
may directly resonate to the actions of
others without reasoning explicitly about
those actions. This kind of mechanism,
through which intentions might be
inferred, could then prepare responses
quickly to facilitate the smooth flow of
social interactions whether in a game or
a dialogue. Of course, a critical aspect
of such a mechanism is to differentiate
our resonance to other people’s actions
and the control of our own. This kind
of neural system for mapping the actions
and intentions of others has been
identified with a network of regions
called the mirror neuron system 5 , and
this system may help to induce a degree
of reflexive similarity or identification
between self and other. The mirror
neuron system appears to be
continuously engaged unless it is
actively suppressed by inhibition, so that
this system may continuous monitor the
behavior of ‘others’ in our social
environment.
Of course, mapping the
movements of the opponent is useful,
but certainly not sufficient to defend our
position, score a point, or win a match.
One needs to execute countermoves.
This is the domain of the motor system
in the brain, which includes regions
involved in the preparation and
execution of motor action. The motor
system is responsible for the
implementation of one’s goals and
intentions to perform an action 6 . Thus,
the social brain includes monitoring and
motor systems that function in parallel.
The mirror system puts the player in the
opponent’s shoes and monitors the
opponent’s actions in an anticipatory
manner. Other parts of the social brain
maintain the distinction between player
and opponent by shaping the
implementation of one’s actions, namely
by engaging a counteraction.
In sum, a tennis game or any
social interaction depends on a complex
network of brain regions that mediate
perception and action, and the
relationship between observed action
and one’s own behavior. The overlap in
brain regions responsible for these two
important social functions suggests how
tightly coupled and coordinated social
interactions can be. However, these two
systems cannot operate in isolation from
our knowledge of the context in which
behavior occurs. We, therefore, turn to
this topic next.
The Social Context
In a tennis game or any social
interaction (e.g., dancing, conversation),
the behavior of one individual
constitutes a stimulus for others. If a
behavior is meaningful, then neural
mechanisms responsible for social
perception and social interaction are
likely to be activated to engage in
complementary action. In a competitive
context, such as the tennis game, the
motor system is engaged in the
preparation and execution of
complementary actions to those
observed and anticipated based on the
inferred goals and intentions of the
competitor. However, if everyone shares
the same goal, for example, as in an
audience clapping, the neural systems
for monitoring the actions of others and
executing one’s own actions can be
Page | 61
mutually reinforcing leading to
synchrony.
In any dynamic social situation
observing one person’s action can
initiate neural activity in another. Parts
of the observer’s motor system become
activated, making it possible to respond
in synchrony. In fact, the specific actions
that are observed are not as important as
the perceived goals or intentions of the
observed person. One consequence of
this is that a person is sensitive to new
actions in the social environment. A
second is that significant actions by
another person can quickly produce
complementary motor responses. Thus,
adaptive social behavior is a product of
perceptual monitoring and motor
processes. The complexity of the social
environment necessitates selective
responding to socially significant
features of any social interaction. Such
selective responding depends on the
observer having particular goals for
action. The identification of significant
stimuli (e.g., a threatening backhand
smash) activates in the competitor’s
brain goal-driven decision processes that
operate in parallel with continuous social
monitoring and lead to a counteraction
(e.g., a defensive lob) produced by the
motor system. However, a linesman
collecting a ball during a tennis match
does not constitute a significant action
for the competition and, even if
observed, does not initiate any
counteraction.
Let us now return to the
perspective of a spectator at the tennis
match. While the specific movements
driving the tennis match have significant
implications for the players’ actions,
these movements have a different
implication for the spectator from whom
no overt responses are warranted. If an
observed action produced by someone
else does not have personal significance
for an observer, the motor system does
not respond in the same way at all 7 . The
goal-dependent aspect of observing the
actions of others allows us to understand
and respond quickly and effectively
without confusing what we do with what
we see. However, in some special cases,
when a group of individuals all respond
together, the same motor system may
operate differently. It is in these
situations when we are neither observer
nor respondent but part of a flock or
chorus that our sense of individuated self
may begin to dissolve into the larger
social group.
The Social Parameters for Suspended
Self-Consciousness
The dissolution of self-other
boundaries is likely to be manifest under
a specific set of conditions, which
includes a strong feeling of identification
with (i.e., connection between) oneself
and a group of others, the absence of
constraints to action by oneself or the
observed others, a common goal shared
by the group, and the absence of a
recognized external synchronizing signal
to which one can attribute any
synchronized behavior. Clapping in
unison following a rousing performance
is a more common example. This
remarkable phenomenon is evidenced
despite considerable individual
differences in clapping tempos. The
transition to entrained clapping, whereby
each clapper affects the surrounding
other clappers both locally and globally,
enhances the noise intensity at the
moment of the clapping even though it
leads to a decrease in the overall average
noise intensity in the room.
Synchronized behavior occurs
rhythmically and one way of capturing
its regularities is to model its cycles,
periods, frequencies, and amplitudes 1,2 .
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Depending on the particular behavior
and interaction in question, behavioral
cycles of interpersonal entrainment can
range from milliseconds to hours.
Indeed, this kind of interpersonal
entrainment is a pervasive phenomenon
not specific to human social behavior
alone 8 .
When does synchronized
clapping occur? The distinctive feature
of such an event is a convergence
between the neural mechanisms
underlying the monitoring of the
movement of others and the execution of
one’s own movements. The specific
factors responsible for the tipping point
from asynchronous to synchronous
clapping are not yet known, but
descriptively each individual shifts the
timing of his or her subsequent clap to
the perceived timing of claps by the
whole collective. Thus, a continuous
adjustment process emerges in the form
of a collective behavior (synchronized
clapping) to which each individual
contributes and no single individual
controls. Such continuous monitoring of
the collective rather than individuals
within the collective and the adjustment
of one’s own movements to synchronize
one’s behavior with that of the collective
result in a continuous loop of performing
the very same action leading to
dissolution between self and other and
the emergence of an entrained unit. The
resulting effect is the materialization of a
supra-individual behavioral
phenomenon, namely extended
behavioral cycles that are locked
together in time. Although the
emergence of clapping in unison can be
regarded as a phenomenon worthy of
more detailed understanding, it does not
induce in its performers the necessity of
searching for an explanation since the
readily available account is that the
performance somehow produces
synchronous clapping.
There is preliminary evidence
that even with no externally imposed
demands prolonged synchronization
emerges within pairs of people
interacting or dyads 9 . What one finds is
that despite individual differences in
movements, participants entrain (tap
together in time) rapidly when
participants can perceive the behavior of
others 9 . Extensive research in
coordination dynamics has demonstrated
that such entrainment does not depend
on the intention to coordinate behavior
10, 11 . Studies have repeatedly shown that
there is a spontaneous propensity to
mimic other people (generally observed
in dyads). One implication this kind of
behavioral synchrony is the emergence
of affective bonding – such as a feeling
of rapport – both in the case of mimicry 12
and between the synchronized partners 13 .
One might conjecture that positive
feelings are even stronger when more
people are synchronized.
The conditions that lead to
behavioral synchrony can vary. It is
interesting that people may be more
likely to experience the dissolution of
self-other boundaries when
synchronization is produced without any
obvious external director and is
continuous. Prolonged spontaneous and
unintended entrainment among three or
more people may introduce this feeling,
because the emergence of synchrony
cannot be attributed to a single external
cause.
Conclusions
Social interaction involving
extended periods of synchronized
behavior are not part of our daily
experience, particularly when they
involve more than two people. How do
Page | 63
we understand this kind of synchrony
when it occurs? In the Western
intellectual tradition, we have a strong
tendency to search and explain events in
terms of individual agency and
causation.
Social events are generally
understood in terms of contributions of
the individual and the situation itself.
The degree to which the person or the
situational constraints shape the nature
of the event will vary greatly. However,
spontaneous and prolonged entrainment
among three or more people introduces
an experience that is difficult to explain
by these more traditional accounts.
These experiences cannot be easily
reduced the actions of a single person, so
an account has to be found in some
source that goes beyond the individual.
The powerful sense of unity and
belonging that emerges from this kind of
experience almost demands a different
kind of explanation than we generally
consider. Indeed, such feelings
emerging from the synchrony of
behavior may provide some of the
foundation for the cultural interpretation
of a transcendental experience.
References
1 Ne´da, Z., Ravasz, E., Brechet, Y.,
Vicsek, T., & Barabasi, A. L. (2000a).
The sound of many hands
clapping*Tumultuous applause can
transform itself into waves of
synchronized clapping. Nature, 403,
849_850.
2 Ne´da, Z., Ravasz, E., Vicsek, T.,
Brechet, Y., & Barabasi, A. L. (2000b).
Physics of the rhythmic applause.
Physical Review E, 61, 6987_6992.
3 Semin, G. R. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008).
Grounding Social Cognition:
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Coordination. In G.R. Semin & E.R.
Smith (Eds.), Embodied grounding:
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neuroscientific approaches (pp. 119-
148). New York: Cambridge University
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4 Semin, G. R. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009).
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Regulation. In J. A. Pineda (Ed.).
“Mirror Neuron Systems: The Role of
Mirroring Processes in Social
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5 Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M.,
Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., &
Rizzolatti, G. (1999) Science, 286:2526–
2528
6 Elsinger C. L., Harrington D. L., &
Rao S. M. (2006). From preparation to
online control: Reappraisal of neural
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7 Baldissera, F., Cavallari, P., Craighero,
L., & Fadiga, L (2001). Modulation of
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8 Strogatz, S. (2003). Rhythms of nature,
rhythms of ourselves. London: Allan
Lane.
9 Tognoli, E., Lagarde, J., DeGuzman, C.
D., Kelso, J. A. S. (2007). The phi
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11 Jirsa, V. K., & Kelso, J. A. S. (2004)
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Psychology, 33, 1-40.
13 Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., &
Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional
contagion. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
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You and I as One
Any social group can be thought
of as either a collection of individuals or
as a single new entity with emergent,
unified group behavior. When a mob
forms to surge together down a street
one way and then another; when a flock
of birds wheels about together, closely
clustered as they fly without colliding;
and when an orchestra performs with
highly coordinated timing, we
momentarily forget about the individuals
and see the collective behavior as a new,
single social entity. Indeed, as Cacioppo
discusses, many species seem to gather,
flock, and coordinate to form such
collectives. For humans there are many
situations from flash mobs and sports
teams to choirs and audiences, when
people congregate in this way.
The drive for people to affiliate
and group is not sufficient on its own to
produce the coordinated behavior that
emerges from such a collective.
Sometimes an organizing signal, like the
conductor of an orchestra, can
synchronize the behavior. Other times
common goals and behavioral
constraints can synchronize a group, as
in a flock of birds. In his chapter, Gün
Semin discusses how such synchrony
may be self-organizing – that is, it is
achieved without intention, effort, or
awareness by our social brains, even
when there is no clear signal or
constraint. In cases of such human
sociality, the group may act as though it
has a single mind. Indeed, Semin
approaches this issue to relate the
collective behavior as an embodied
consequence of individual social forces
that jointly operate to satisfy our need to
affiliate, and to consider how connecting
behavior through synchrony may create
a collective mind.
Howard Nusbaum specifically
discusses a different invisible social
force that has evolved with the power to
bind people into a collective—language.
Language is the richest social signal that
has the power to move people to act and
to move groups to act together. In order
for language to act as a force, it must
somehow affect people with sufficient
social and emotional impact. As
Nusbaum discusses the impact of
language, it operates at a social and
emotional level similar to that discussed
by Semin rather than exclusively
through the inferences drawn from
meaning.
Page | 66
Chapter 7 7
Action at a Distance: The Invisible
Force of Language
7 The lead author is Howard Nusbaum, Ph.D.,
Professor of Psychology and Computational
Neuroscience, and co-director of the Center for
Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the
University of Chicago. He has served as the
Chair of the Psychology Department since 1997.
He has served as the editor for the International
Journal of Speech Technology and is on the
editorial board of Brain & Language, and has
edited several books on spoken language
processing. His research interests include
spoken language use, mechanisms of learning
and attention, and the role of sleep in learning.
His recent research has investigated the social
use of language and the evolution of language.
In addition, he has been working on neural
mechanisms of reward and economic decisions.
We often think about language in terms
of the information in newspapers or speeches or
reports. However, language is basis of all our
social relationships and institutions. We reward
and praise with language and we shun and
punish with language, perhaps more often than
with any other medium. In the recent election,
Democratic candidates actually gave speeches
outlining different views of the importance of
language in our society. One candidate held that
words are simply words and only have the force
that we give to them by reasoning about them.
The other candidate argued that speech has the
power to move people to connect and act.
Nusbaum was struck by this debate because it
seems to him that the power of language goes
well beyond what linguists and psychologists
talk about as “meaning” and that understanding
the meaning of language may depend on
understanding the social and emotional impact of
language. In this chapter, the idea of the impact
of language at a distance is explored.
Language is one of the most
important ways in which the social brain
makes connections, enhances
connections, and severs connections
among people. Language is our primary
medium of social exchange, grounding
and elaborating our selves and our
relationships in every conversation.
However, language goes well beyond
personal connections to connect us
culturally through stories, songs, and
shared manners of speech. Language
also provides the formal framework that
defines many of our social institutions.
Language gives form and substance to
the governance and behavior of every
social institution from education to law
to religion. Clearly there are many ways
in which language serves to knit us
together both formally and informally.
For a linguist, all of these uses can be
analyzed in terms of the structure of
sentences and their content. However,
structure and content do not, on their
own merits, provide a complete picture
of how language can have the impact it
does on our sense of social connection.
How does language move us to act,
change our feelings, and connect us to
others? It seems unlikely that the impact
of language is simply the result of
dispassionate rational inferences and
conclusions drawn from a logical
analysis of sentences.
In 1976, Barbara Jordan, a
Congresswoman from Texas, gave the
commencement address at Brandeis
University. Listening to her speak about
the importance of public service and the
importance of using talent and ability in
service of one’s country was an
impressive experience. Her delivery was
clear and not particularly dramatic and
yet the force of her speech was riveting.
It was sufficient to turn a graduating
senior’s mind from graduate school in
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psychology to (at least momentary)
consideration of a career in government
service. A student with the long-held
intent of becoming a researcher and with
no interest in politics, government, or
public service might seem to be an
immovable object. And yet, in that
moment, Jordan’s speech had sufficient
impact to make government service
seem like the only path one would want
to take or should ever consider.
Although her points were argued
well, the impact of Jordan’s speech was
not simply rhetorical. John F.
Kennedy’s “Ask not what your country
can do for you….” and Martin Luther
King, Jr.’s “I have a dream….” affected
listeners deeply well beyond the
cognitive strengths of a good argument.
Moreover, while all these speeches were
delivered beautifully and from the heart,
it is not the performance of these
speeches alone that can move listeners to
act on behalf of others. The
performance alone cannot give substance
to an empty message. While there are
cases in which a great performance may
suggest briefly that there was content of
import even in the absence of a real
message, it is more likely the
conjunction of message and delivery that
moves people. In these speeches is a
clear demonstration of the power of
language. Language is more than words
and more than delivery. Indeed, Cicero,
in De Oratore, said that rhetoric conveys
information, persuades listeners, and
evokes emotion.
“In the beginning was the word….”
If “the word made flesh” is taken
metaphorically, the power of language
can be made visceral in sermons.
Consider the power of Jonathan
Edwards’ sermon, which Clark Gilpin’s
chapter discusses, to terrify a
congregation, to wrench them from
complacency with images of torment. A
sermon delivers a message, but it can do
so in calm tones of instruction or with
fire and brimstone. The choice and
poetry of words and the cadence and
intonation of speaking can draw the
listener in slowly or seize the listener
suddenly, the very sounds of speech
painting images in the mind while
igniting new inferences with literal and
metaphoric descriptions.
In the realm of the spiritual, there
are few corporeal manifestations that can
be perceived directly. Neither heaven
nor hell, neither God nor the Devil can
be seen or heard or touched. Preaching
is needed to spell out the work of unseen
hands and will and illuminate the power
of the unseen. The force of that which is
not seen can only be felt when
transmitted directly through speech.
In Phaedrus, Plato described
rhetoric as the art of leading the soul.
Thus it is not surprising that, while at the
core of religion is a collection of beliefs
and concepts and canons, the fabric and
form of religion is language. Symbols
and icons are certainly important, but
language is the medium through which
the force of theology is actualized in
prayers, benedictions, sermons, and
teaching. Language can reach across
time and space to change minds,
feelings, and behavior, encoding laws
and beliefs and presenting them with a
concrete reality in the here and now.
This is one kind of impact from author to
audience in which a kind of connection
is constructed bridging minds.
At the same time, in religious
practices, another kind of connection is
formed within a congregation. Joint
recitation, responsive reading, collective
listening, and understanding may serve
Page | 68
to connect people in a religious service.
Although joint participation in any event
(such as sports or theatre) may have
some of the same effect as discussed by
Gün Semin, the content of language and
the intent of the messages in religious
practice is often focused on developing
and strengthening social and spiritual
connections.
Everyone knows someone who
moved to another country, or to another
part of their own country where speech
patterns differ. After a period of time, in
the context of novel speech patterns,
some people adopt the speech patterns
around them. This kind of linguistic
convergence is well documented and is
moderated by social factors such as the
desire to be accepted or the attempt to be
persuasive. 1 When people talk together,
one person’s speech can impact the way
another person talks in order to promote
social connection. Indeed, the same kind
of behavioral convergence is found over
the course of conversations for other
kinds of non-linguistic actions as well. 2
Information, impact, and
understanding
How does language bind us
together and compel us to action,
thought, and feeling? When we talk,
sound vibration is transmitted from
mouth to ears. Facial expressions and
manual gestures punctuate, illustrate,
and illuminate our speech. These
acoustic and visual signals travel over
space and time to the eyes and ears of
the audience. The impact of such
communication is true action at a
distance.
This notion of language as action
at a distance is relatively well accepted
in the scientific study of language. But
in research on language and
communication by psycholinguists and
linguists, the emphasis is on the
information contained within an
utterance and the structure and form by
which this information is presented.
Research questions often focus on the
variety of ways the same message can be
framed and how listeners interpret such
messages. But little of this work
addresses the impact of the message
itself.
The standard view of language
processing is that we hear the sounds of
speech (acoustic patterns) that we
translate mentally into words. The
meanings of these words are determined
and then the meanings combined
(through our knowledge of sentence
structure) to result in sentence meaning.
Given that a sentence typically occurs in
a context of other sentences (e.g., a
sermon) or in response to other speech
(e.g., a conversation), this context is then
used to frame and reinterpret the
sentence meaning.
Metaphor, irony, sarcasm, and
other figures are generally thought of as
being understood later in this process
although in Gilpin’s chapter the
immediate power of these to affect us is
quite clear. Emotion and attitudes are
thought of as not understood until after
the linguistic message has been
determined. The impact of language on
attitudes through persuasion is viewed
by cognitive psychology and linguistics
as occurring after the message has been
understood. However, this does raise the
question about whether a “message” (to
be understood) is simply the linguistic
properties of a sentence or the impact of
the linguistic form on an audience.
A very different view of
language might come from considering
vocal communications that often have a
direct impact on an audience.
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Sometimes just listening to laughter
compels listeners to laugh. Sometimes
hearing a cry of terror directly imputes
an instantaneous feeling of fear.
Hearing someone weep can produce a
feeling of sorrow and perhaps even
cause one to cry. This suggests that
some forms of vocal communication can
elicit direct empathic sharing as Decety
discusses in his chapter.
These forms of vocal
communication can produce direct
results in listeners without following a
route of symbolic reference and
interpretation. 3 Language has typically
been viewed as operating by the more
symbolic route because of the linguistic
claim that symbols are not the things
they stand for and thus must be
understood—words and sentences are
not felt. However, the right insult or
angry words delivered in the right way
or the right praise seems to be felt
directly, perhaps through the same kind
of mechanisms by which empathic
sharing occurs.
But how is this achieved? This
kind of impact of language is not a result
of understanding the content of speech.
It reflects social goals and motives. To
the extent that this kind of social impact
may parallel empathic processes, we
might find that similar mechanisms are
involved. Some kind of resonance must
be established between a speaker and
hearer, and language can serve to
establish this resonance and lead to
subsequent action by the hearer. This
idea of a resonance in an audience does
seem more compatible with the effects
of vocal behavior such as laughter or
crying on a listener than the symbolic
interpretative view. This notion of
resonance may also be useful in
understanding other kinds of language
impact from the fiery sermon of
Edwards to the passionate speeches of
Obama and Kennedy and King.
In listening to speech that has
impact, language has created a state in
the listener that reflects the intention of
the speaker. Whether it is fear or
connection, somehow language can
operate as the medium by which social
and emotional psychological states get
transmitted to an audience. But how
does this impact get created in the social
brain?
Language impact in the social brain
Understanding spoken language
has typically been viewed as an analytic
process in which sound patterns are
translated into linguistic symbols by the
brain. However, an alternative theory is
that we understand spoken language by
using our motor system to simulate what
might have been said. The idea is that
trying to mentally produce the speech
internally (without talking) might help
us understand what is said, when speech
is not clear. However, this theory did
not have much neural plausibility.
People do not generally move their
mouths overtly or even covertly while
listening.
The discovery of mirror neurons,
examined at greater length by Steve
Small in the next chapter, suggested one
kind of mechanism that might instantiate
this kind of process. In certain parts of
the brain, involved in the control of
action, some neurons that respond when
making certain actions also respond
when observing the same actions. This
led to the inference that these neurons
are involved in understanding the
behavior of other people. The reasoning
is simply that neural activity in the
observer’s motor system that results
when seeing a behavior essentially
establishes the brain state that would
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correspond if the observer were doing
the same thing. Another way to say this
is that there is a resonant response in an
observer’s motor system to observing a
behavior and this may potentiate a
degree of social coordination and
connection, as discussed in Semin’s
chapter. This kind of neural resonance
has been shown to play a role in
understanding speech when seeing a
talker’s mouth move, even if the listener
does not actually make any mouth
movements.
Mirror neurons demonstrate that
observed action can produce a resonant
response in an observer’s brain. Seeing
a talker’s mouth move creates a motorresonant
response that aids in
understanding speech sounds. However,
these two observations are very different
from the idea that the meaning of
sentences can create a resonant response
in the listener’s brain. In the case of
speech, mouth movements are the
actions that create speech. This might
seem like a very special case. The
traditional linguistic view of language is
that words and sentences are symbolic:
Language describing action is not action
itself. Language describing emotion is
not the emotion itself. The entire
concept of a symbol is that a symbol
denotes something, stands for
something, but the symbol is not the
thing itself. But it now appears that this
long-held notion may be wrong.
The idea that seeing an object or
event gives rise to brain states that
resonate with previous experiences of
that thing suggests a mechanism for
language understanding to go beyond
symbolic interpretation. Given that there
is a brain mechanism for re-experiencing
actions or sensations, this same
mechanism may operate even when
there is just a symbolic linguistic
description. Understanding language
may take place by invoking such
resonant past experiences in the brain.
For example, when listening to
sentences about hockey action, hockey
players show neural activity in their
motor system which is not seen for
people who are naïve to hockey. 4
Experience playing hockey recruits the
motor system in service of
understanding hockey sentences as if
one were watching or playing hockey
when only listening to speech. This
suggests one way in which language can
have a direct impact on a listener.
Rather than making inferences about
actions based on the meanings of
sentences, understanding a sentence may
be a resonant motor system response in
the listener to a description of an action.
If this idea is extended more broadly,
language impact may come from such
resonant responses. Language
understanding and the impact of
language may result from processes
more similar to the effects of hearing
laughter. Hearing a sentence may create
in a listener a set of resonant responses
very similar to the patterns that
correspond to the actual situations being
described.
Such resonant responses need not
be confined to the motor system and
actions. Emotions such as fear or joy
may be empathically evoked in listeners
by speech just as a scream or laughter
might. Verbal expression of attitudes
may produce similar attitudinal
responses in listeners. Moreover, if a
listener’s resonant response is strong,
there may be increased empathic overlap
with the speaker, which may serve to
increase social connection. To the
extent that people speak together and
share feelings, social connection may
increase as well.
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Evolution of social connection by
communication
The human social brain
constructs connection and understanding
by anthropomorphic projection as
discussed by Nick Epley in his chapter.
When we observe the behavior of
nonhuman entities, anthropomorphic
projection may form a feeling of social
connection. Social connection depends
in part on empathic responses to
observed action. It has been argued that
this same foundation is the basis for the
evolution of language as well--observed
action may be the foundation for
language. 5
A mirror neuron theory of the
evolution of language starts with the
assumption that we understand others by
observing their actions. Communication
depends on the regularization of typical
actions that can be pantomimed. In
principle this could lead to a kind of
manual gestural system of
communication akin to sign language.
Hand and arm movements can depict a
wide range of actions both by firstperson
depiction of an action such as
screwing the top onto a jar and by thirdperson
depictions such as using the
fingers to portray a person walking.
Hand and arm postures can depict
objects such as a cupped hand
representing a bowl. Combining
sequences of such object and action
depictions can communicate relatively
complex messages even without a
formal language. This is a far cry from
sign languages in which the mapping
between hand shapes and movements is
not visually transparent in this way. But
as the pressure to communicate a
broader range of messages increases, a
manual gestural language would have to
be modified to reflect more abstract
symbols ultimately leading in the
direction of a sign language.
However, this kind of manual
language has one major drawback.
Communication depends on visual
contact. In order to understand a
gestural message it is necessary to see
the hand movements. This limits the
distances over which communication can
take place. Moreover, a communication
system that is effective for a group
should not depend on face-to-face
dyadic interaction, but allow for more
broadcast communications. There is a
great survival advantage in being able to
maintain social connection and convey
information over distances that go well
beyond face-to-face communication.
Many species of fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals commonly exchange
information at a distance through
vocalizations. The learned songs (and
some calls) of songbirds are particularly
rich sources of information conveying,
to the receiver, individual identity and a
host of other characteristics of the
sender. Some mammals exchange
information at great distances through
calling behavior. Humpback whale
vocalizations are perceived over
extremely long distances and may be
used to maintain social groups at
distances as great as 5 km. African
elephants can recognize friends and
relatives from their calls at a distance of
2.5 km. Human sheepherders keep each
other company from the top of one
mountain to another in the Canary
Islands using a whistled language called
Silbo Gomero. Whether for purposes of
mating, threat, warning, or social
organization, conveying information
regarding location, identity and
motivation, and directed at one
individual or towards far-flung groups,
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vocal communication plays an important
role in the social connection and
behavior of a great number of vertebrate
species. Thus while human vocal
communication is enhanced substantially
in face-to-face interaction, the evolution
of speech has resulted in a system that
can function even in the absence of
direct visual observation. The sound of
a threat or warning or distress can have
substantial impact even at a distance
from the speaker.
Social impact and embodied language
Many animals use vocalizations
to maintain social group structure and to
provide information relevant to a group.
Even very young children use the way
people speak as a marker of their social
affiliation. 6 Such vocalizations are
typically not viewed as symbolic forms
that must be decoded and interpreted.
Instead these vocalizations are mapped
onto internal states more directly, much
as human laughter may be. Although
linguists and psychologists have often
tried to differentiate human language
from these kinds of vocalizations,
language can impact us in much the
same way. Perhaps language is less
symbolic and more direct than scientists
have thought.
What does it mean for language
to have impact? If we take laughter as
our model, perhaps it means that
language gives rise to responses that
have a direct effect on our perceptual
and motor systems. Sermons may terrify
because they create worlds inside of the
listener that seem real. We can see and
hear torment and imagine the feelings of
pain and suffering. This is not a
symbolic interpretation but a real
experience created from language.
However, just as we can distinguish the
pain we feel from the pain of others,
even when we have strong empathic
responses, we can distinguish such
created experiences from those that
occur in the real world. The stronger the
language, the richer the imagery, the
more intense the delivery, the more
salient the mentally created experience.
One impact of language may be to create
real feelings and sensations, imagined
movement and behavior. 7 When
language hurts us through criticism,
rejection or insult, it may do so by
activating our experiences of real pain.
When we are soothed by language, it
may produce the same kind of endorphin
effect that placebo treatments can
invoke. When language binds us
together, it may do so by creating the
kind of shared emotional states that
characterize empathy.
In many respects, the linguistic
view of language use does not engage
these ways in which language functions.
Linguistics treats language as consisting
of patterns of symbols divorced from
their origins in a human mouth, almost
like print on a page rather than speech.
But it is spoken language that the social
brain evolved to use—print is a very
modern invention which did not play any
role in our evolution. In contrast, speech
is produced from a coordinate action of
muscles compressing lungs and moving
tongue and jaw under the control of
neurophysiology and hormones. Unlike
the shape of printed letters, the sound of
speech is shaped by attitude and emotion
and intent, and its impact may be to
transfer specific embodied states from
the speaker to the listener.
Conclusion
Although physicists have debated
the possibility of action at a distance for
quite some time, the biological form of
action at a distance is well established,
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achieved through vocal communication
in an extremely broad range of behaviors
and settings. The force of language is
carried by the form, content, and
delivery of a message. And the impact
of this force may be created in the minds
of an audience by the resonant
invocation of past real experiences. Real
pain and sorrow, real comfort and joy,
real love and caring, are all part of our
shared human experience. The impact
of language may come by invoking
resonant past experiences that can create
a platonic mental moment that flickers
with the shadows of those experiences.
In order to understand how this process
works, we need to study how brain
mechanisms operate to translate the
sounds of speech into the impact of
language.
References
1. Giles, H. (1973). Accent
mobility: A model and some data.
Anthropological Linguistics, 15, 87-105.
2. Lakin, J., & Chartrand, T.L.
(2003). Using nonconscious behavioral
mimicry to create affiliation and rapport.
Psychological Science, 14, 334-339.
3. Foroni, F. & Semin, G. R.
(2009). Language that puts you in touch
with your bodily feelings. The
multimodal responsiveness of affective
expressions. Psychological Science, 20,
974-980.
4. Beilock, S. L., Lyons, I. M.,
Mattarella-Micke, A., Nusbaum, H. C.,
& Small, S. L. (2008). Sports experience
changes the neural processing of action
language. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 105, 13269-13272.
5. Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M.A.
(1999). Language within our grasp.
Trends in Neurosciences, 21, 188-194.
6. Kinzler, K. D., Shutts, K.,
Dejesus, J., & Spelke, E. S. (2009).
Accent trumps race in guiding children’s
social preferences. Social Cognition, 27,
623-634.
7. Shintel, H., & Nusbaum, H.
C. (2007). The sound of motion in
spoken language: Visual information
conveyed by acoustic properties of
speech. Cognition, 105, 681-690.
Page | 74
Systems and Signals for Social
Coordination
How do we understand each other
as people? Do we take people at their
word, or do actions speak even louder?
When moved to affiliate and to act in
concert with other people as a group, we
need to understand the communications
and actions of others. Language can
move us to action even across great
distances but how does it do so? While
we can observe the behavior of groups
of people as coordinated, the mechanism
of achieving this coordination is unseen.
We may be driven socially to form
groups but how does that drive function
in the individual to cause us to cohere.
In order to go beyond the observation
and experiences we have with groups
and group behavior, we need to
understand what makes the engine of
social connection run. At one level, we
can talk about language as a force itself,
as Howard Nusbaum does. We can talk
about the synchronization of individual
behavior as Gün Semin does. However,
both of these are observations about the
way individuals may become part of a
group. To go beyond this we must look
to our biology to understand how the
machinery underneath our sociality leads
to connected minds.
Semin suggested one way our
brains may seek to connect. Some
neurons in an area of the brain that is
involved in the control and planning of
our actions also respond when we
observe actions we have performed.
Such neurons might be thought to
“resonate” when seeing someone act or
speak with our own experiences.
Neurons that mirror actions and behavior
have been thought to play a role in the
process of understanding that behavior
and the social connection that may form
as a result of the resonance. In the next
essay, Steve Small discusses these neural
mechanisms and how they may be
important in helping us understand
spoken language and possibly in
understanding social behavior.
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Chapter 8 8
8 The lead author is Steven L. Small, M.D.,
Ph.D., a Professor of Neurology and Psychology,
Associate Chair for Research in Neurology,
Member of the Committees on Neurobiology and
Computational Neuroscience, and Senior Fellow,
Computation Institute, at The University of
Chicago. He is currently Director of the Human
Neuroscience Laboratory and was founder of the
Brain Research Imaging Center. He is an elected
member of the American Neurological
Association, a fellow of the American Academy
of Neurology, and Editor-in-Chief of the
international journal Brain and Language.
Small’s research concerns the neural basis of
human language and its breakdown after injury.
He has published more than 120 scientific
articles, primarily about human language, from
the perspectives of artificial intelligence,
cognitive psychology, computational
neuroscience, human systems neuroscience, and
clinical neurology.
Human language represents a unique
product of our social species and the tremendous
evolution of the primate cerebral cortex
simultaneously supported the development of
both. Language is the defining feature of our
species: In his 12 th century volume, Guide to the
Perplexed, Maimonides viewed it as tautological
that man is a speaking animal, i.e., “there is no
third element besides life and speech in the
definition of man”. But how does the brain
implement this unique function in the context of
its common ontogeny with social function? The
current essay discusses the possibility that the
recently discovered “mirror neurons” of the
cerebral cortex of macaque monkeys play a
special role in the ability of humans to
understand each other with language by using a
mechanism of observation and covert emulation.
If the neurobiology of language were partly
grounded on such systems of visual observation
and imitation, this would overlap integrally with
the biology of the social brain.
Hidden Forces in Understanding
Others:
Mirror Neurons and Neurobiological
Underpinnings
It is one thing to perceive objects
in the environment and another to
understand what is perceived. A rodent
that senses an apple definitely has a
notion that this represents something
edible. A monkey might realize that the
apple can be eaten but also can be
thrown. A human might perceive it as a
food, an object to be propelled, a
temptation that should be resisted, or
something that falls out of a tree at a
specific acceleration. For each individual
animal or person, understanding an apple
means to take the sensory perceptions of
the apple and to use previous experience
and knowledge to fit it into an overall
context. In this way, understanding a
particular apple depends on our
previously having seen, touched, and
smelled apples, eaten them, read about
them, and perhaps even been hit by a
falling or thrown apple. All of our
previous experiences come to bear every
time we encounter a new perception that
we must make sense of, and of course,
this represents virtually every moment of
our waking lives.
Our perceptions vary enormously
from seeing simple objects (e.g., apples),
taking in more complex entities (e.g.,
restaurants, neighborhoods), hearing
noises or speech, and seeing actions
(e.g., simple manual actions, sporting
events). A major question for brain
research is how we can possibly
understand all these different kinds of
input, and what brain circuits are used to
do so. We assume that such an
understanding means taking these inputs,
weighing them against our previous
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experiences in some way or other, and
then integrating in some way the new
and old together. This integration
requires constant and dynamic changes
to the brain structures that represent
what we know and how we use it. 1 One
way this could happen is that when we
perceive something new, we actually reenact
in our mind’s eye the previous
related perceptions. For example, if we
encounter an apple – having encountered
many previously -- perhaps we actually
imagine (seeing) one or more previous
apples or episodes involving apples, or
imagine (performing) one or more
instances of biting an apple or throwing
one, and/or imagine tasting and smelling
one. We might also imagine hearing the
word “apple”, producing the sounds of
the word, seeing the written form of the
word, or even hearing, seeing, or
producing synonyms or related words in
our first (e.g., “Granny Smith”) or
second (e.g., “pomme”) languages. We
propose that understanding an apple is
tantamount to executing this entire set of
processes, and thus, that the circuits for
understanding are very complicated and
take up a large portion of the brain.
Of course, not all of what we
understand is directly available to the
senses; we can clearly understand beliefs
and emotions as well as physical objects
and overt actions. Brain researchers
generally take the view that previous
experience guides understanding of
abstract concepts in much the same way
that it guides the understanding of the
more concrete entities. For example, we
can understand the emotional states of
other people by imagining being in those
states ourselves. When I see someone
feeling happy or sad, I can evoke
examples from my own previous
experience of feeling happy or sad
(perhaps even for the same reasons), and
by feeling the emotion, I can understand
it. The closer my previous experience is
to the perceived one, the better the
“understanding”. This principle holds
whether one is trying to understand
objects or people. An important
distinction between people and objects
when trying to understand their actions
is that people, but not objects, have
intentions.
The Social Brain
The critical question for
neurobiologists is how does the brain
understand. In particular, we want to
know whether the same brain circuits
that are used when we experience things
personally are also used when we try to
understand another person having the
same experiences, whether these
experiences are concrete, like grasping a
cup or hitting a baseball, or more
abstract like feeling sad or fearful or in
pain. We also want to know whether
understanding the simple concrete
perceptions and these highly complex
emotional states are mediated similarly
in the brain. Further, we are interested in
the overlap between conscious and
unconscious understanding and shared or
personal understanding. One way to
address these questions is to examine the
brain structures responsible for specific
types of personal sensations, actions, and
cognitive processes, and to see if these
same ones play a role when individuals
attempt to understand these functions in
others. Using modern techniques of
physiology, experiments of this type
have been conducted in both monkeys
and humans, with some surprising
results.
It is now possible to measure
brain activity of humans while having a
wide range of different kinds of
experiences. Such human neuroimaging
Page | 77
experiments have suggested that
understanding actions and objects invoke
some of the same brain structures used
to perform the actions and to act on the
objects. With respect to actions in
particular, humans sometimes use their
own motor repertoire in interpreting
actions, possibly by imagining or
mentally simulating the perceived
action. When people are asked to
observe the actions of others,
particularly goal-directed actions
involving the hands or mouth, they seem
to activate brain regions for moving the
hands or mouth. Thus, there is a link
between observing actions and executing
actions. This has a relevance to
education as well: “Understanding by
doing” (i.e., by observing and then
executing) has a long and valued
tradition in American education 2 , and
these recent scientific results might help
us understand why this is effective.
When my son was 5 years old, he
was a member of a kids’ soccer team in
Hyde Park, on the campus of the
University of Chicago. His coach was a
professor of history at the university, a
woman who had never played soccer,
but was a voracious reader, and in her
readings on the subject, took careful note
of all the methods needed to play soccer
as well as the rules and regulations. She
methodically took the kids through all
the (theoretically relevant motor) steps
needed to dribble the ball, to pass, and to
shoot – flex your foot this way, bend
your leg that way, keep your arms this
way, etc. The kids tried to follow the
verbal instructions but their motor
performance was less than stellar – they
learned a little bit, but they lost all of
their dozen games, for a depressing 0-12
record. The next season, the same team
was coached by another volunteer
parent, this time an engineer from
Trinidad, who had played soccer his
whole life. The instructions he gave the
kids were quite different: “Follow me
and do what I do”. There were no
suggested foot flexions or extensions,
and no specific leg movements
proposed. The kids learned the skills,
and won all their games. Why? The kids
learned by observing a good model and
then imitating what they observed the
person doing, which appears to be a way
to learn motor skills that is far stronger
than that of explicit motor instruction.
When people have strokes, a part
of their brain dies, and they can lose the
ability to speak or use a hand properly.
We are now using this idea of imitation
in a treatment program to re-educate
people with strokes to use their hands
better and to pronounce words better.
For these imitation-based treatments,
people first observe a particular hand
action or speech sample on a video
monitor, and then they try to produce it.
In fact, they observe it over and over
again for a while before they even try to
do it at all. They are never told how to
move their hands or mouths; they are
just told to copy what they see. Over the
course of six weeks, people with hand
problems progress from imitating a
simple grasp of a cup to picking up a
telephone and dialing a number to
picking up a toothbrush, brushing their
teeth, and returning the brush to the sink.
Those with speech problems progress
from imitating simple words of a single
syllable to longer less common words
and even short phrases. We have already
shown that these therapies have
beneficial effects in a number of people
and are now trying it out more
extensively.
There seems to be an important
link between observing and executing
actions. Similarly, there is a link
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between observing action and
understanding emotion. This link has
been most clearly demonstrated in the
case of facial expressions – if I observe
the muscles of the face in a position to
convey an emotional state, clearly I
perceive the emotion. What has been
shown recently is that observing such
facial expressions leads to two kinds of
brain activations in the observer: The
first set of regions activated are those
that would be used by the observer to
execute the identical face movements,
just as with hand or mouth movements.
However, additional regions are also
active, and these are precisely the ones
that would be involved if the observer
were to feel the observed emotion
personally. Thus the circuitry for action
observation in the human brain is
interdependent with parts of the brain
critical for understanding more complex
nuanced aspects of the world.
Mirror Neurons
It turns out that there may be
cellular building blocks in the brain that
are particularly important for observing
and executing actions, and may
ultimately lead to an explanation of
action understanding and imitationbased
learning. In fact, such structures
would contribute to any form of
understanding that could be partly
explained by imagined re-enactment of
perceived actions (e.g., seeing an
emotional facial expression, hearing a
cry of pain). The cells under discussion
are a type of nerve cell, or neuron,
discovered in the front part of the
monkey brain by Professor Giacomo
Rizzolatti and his colleagues at the
University of Parma. The scientists
trained monkeys to perform specific
actions like grasping an object or licking
their lips, and were performing electrical
recordings in regions in the front of the
brain known to coordinate movements.
These recording machines note brain
activity both visually, as a graph on a
screen, and auditorily, by a loud series of
clicks, indicating the firing of a neuron.
Rizzolatti and his team were focusing on
a particular region in the front of the
brain, and were having the monkey
perform all sorts of hand, mouth, and
eye movements to see how the brain
cells were organized to make these
movements happen. One day (or so the
story goes), one of the researchers
returned from lunch while the electrical
recordings were being made, and was
finishing off a cone of superb Italian
gelato, when all of a sudden the
recording device starting making a loud
series of clicks. The returning scientist
stopped licking his ice cream cone to see
what was going on, and the noise
stopped. When he restarted licking his
gelato, the clicks resumed, and when he
stopped again, they stopped. The
investigators had discovered a type of
neuron that was sensitive to the monkey
observing a particular human action.
It was not surprising that
following training to perform an action,
some neurons in the motor region of the
brain responded while performing that
action, when the same neurons would
not have responded beforehand.
However, it was extremely surprising to
find that some of those neurons also
responded vigorously when the monkey
observed the very same learned actions.
Through a methodical and systematic
approach, this group was able to make a
more elaborate and far-reaching set of
observations. For a small subset of
neurons, if a monkey had learned to
reach for a particular object, seeing
another monkey reach for the same
object would cause the neuron to fire.
For a different subset of neurons, if the
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monkey had learned to pucker up his
lips, the neuron would fire both when the
monkey did this or when the monkey
observed another monkey (or even a
human) doing this. These motor neurons
have been dubbed “mirror neurons”,
since they respond during both execution
of action and during observation of the
same action in a mirror-like fashion. 3
Mirror neurons are not active during
observation of an appropriate action if
there is no goal (i.e., the object is absent)
or when an appropriate object is
presented alone. Mirror neurons have
been discovered both for mouth actions
and hand actions, and for both visual and
auditory perception of actions.
Seeing a previously learned
action performed by someone else seems
to resonate in some neurons in the motor
system almost as if the action were being
performed by the observer. It is as if the
observed action stimulates some motor
neurons to “remember” what it was like
to perform action. Of course, this is not
memory in the overt sense of conscious
recollection, but rather that the
experience of execution changes the
response of the neurons to observation.
Not all the motor neurons respond this
way but a small number have been
shown to respond when performing and
observing an action. Such mirror
neurons could provide a correspondence
between the experience one has of
performing an action and seeing the
same action performed by others.
These mirror neurons might
provide one basis for understanding
action. Relating actions we observe to
actions we have carried out seems like
an important component for
comprehension. After all, we knew what
we were doing when we performed an
action. If that experience is somehow
reinstated during observation we might
attribute our past experience as the
interpretation of the present observation.
Imitation when observing an action
might occur because our motor system is
stimulated by observing an action.
Coordination of action could occur
because in representing others’ actions
as if they were our own, our brains may
be able to compute the time when we
can act without disrupting the other
person. This is just the kind of process
that is described in Gun Semin’s chapter
when he describes how groups of people
can synchronize their actions like
clapping together.
From monkey brains to human
intention
Of course, relating responses in
monkey brains to human brains is
neither direct nor simple. Parts of the
monkey brain and and parts of the
human brain that putatively correspond,
while similar, are not identical in
number or size or location, and probably
do not do exactly the same things, since
monkeys and humans have evolved to
have somewhat different capacities and
behaviors. Furthermore, the study of
mirror neurons in monkeys is based on
recording the responses of individual
neurons, which is not generally possible
in humans except in rare cases of
medical necessity. The measures we can
make on intact human brains come from
the responses of many thousands of
neurons, so it is difficult to make claims
about neurons that respond in producing
an action and perceiving the same
action. This means that any claims about
human mirror neurons depend on a
degree of good faith and inference rather
than specific empirical demonstration
that individual neurons respond both to
observing and executing action.
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Researchers have measured
human brain responses using a variety of
methods such as functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI), which
demonstrate reliable effects of changes
in neural activity by changes in blood
flow. Although slower to respond than
measures of electrical activity, fMRI
provides evidence about where neural
activity in the human brain occurs. This
kind of research does show that
observing action produces activity in
areas of the human brain more typically
associated with executing action. While
there may be some disagreement about
which motor areas of the human brain
are active while observing or imitating
action and how these would correspond
to areas in the monkey brain, there is
good agreement that the human motor
system responds for observation and
imitation of action. 4
There is quite a difference
between recognizing an action and
understanding that action. We can see a
hand move through space with an open
palm oriented with the flat of the palm
moving toward the surface of an object
and predict where the hand will strike
the object and that it will apply force to
the surface of that object. But
understanding the same general action as
pushing a door open with the intent to
enter and slapping a person in the face is
quite different. A ball can be thrown in a
game of catch or as a missile intended to
do harm. The actions may be similar but
the intentions are different. Therefore it
is important that some researchers have
argued that mirror neurons respond to
the intention as well as the action. 5
However, to date there has been no clear
evidence that such neurons respond to
intention -- just that the sight of the
action of reaching without an object to
grasp, the sight of the object alone, and
the sight of the action with the object
present show different patterns of brain
response. The fact that such different
visual experiences lead to different
patterns of brain activity does not
provide clear evidence that intentions or
goals are somehow part of the mirror
neuron response to observed action.
Understanding spoken language as
action understanding
The potential ambiguity of action
is perhaps clearest if we consider
language. Talking is a form of action and
understanding speech might be a form of
action understanding. In talking, mouth
movements are made in such a way as to
create sounds that will have some affect
on the listener, as discussed in Howard
Nusbaum’s chapter. Listeners must
understand what was meant by making
those sounds. However, if someone says,
“It’s hot in here,” or “You are a great
friend,” there can be ambiguity about the
meaning. Such sentences could be
straightforward observations as they
seem to be or they could be something
very different. We can ask to have a
window opened or we can make a
negative social comment using exactly
the same sentences.
Nonetheless, there is good reason
to believe that the human action system
is involved in understanding speech as
well as producing it. While some
ambiguities in speech or behavior simply
cannot be resolved without broader
contextual knowledge, the motor system
may be important in understanding. If
you try to have a conversation in a noisy
bar, looking at your friend talking makes
it easier to understand what is being said.
We have shown that the motor system
contributes to this process of recognizing
speech. When listeners can see
someone’s face while talking, mouth
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movements increase activity within the
motor system measured using fMRI.
Furthermore, it is possible to show that
the same parts of the motor system can
be active in talking and in understanding
speech. By analyzing which parts of the
brain are active and when they become
active, it is possible to show that when
motor system activity in the frontal lobe
of the brain precedes activity in other
regions (e.g., the temporal lobe),
listeners have a better understanding. 6 It
is as if the motor system “recognizes”
the speech before other parts of the brain
when the talking mouth is visible to the
listener.
This study shows that more
information about the action of
producing speech (visible mouth
movements) can activate the motor areas
of the brain during understanding of
speech. But it is also the case that
understanding speech without seeing the
speaker depends on the motor system.
Hockey players are experts at hitting
slap shots, blocking passes, and
whacking each other in the head with
hockey sticks. They have done these
things in the real world just as monkeys
in Parma have learned to reach for
certain objects. When hockey players
listen to sentences describing hockey
action, even without seeing the speaker
or the action, motor areas are active
during sentence understanding and these
same motor areas are not active in
people without hockey experience. 7
Understanding described actions appears
to be influenced by the motor systems of
people who have experience with those
actions. Understanding action may be
influenced by the experiences of our
motor systems.
Reading minds through action
In understanding other people,
we start with what we understand about
ourselves. As Nick Epley describes in
his chapter, we take this kind of
egocentric perspective in understanding
other people or pets or God or the
behavior of inanimate objects. We know
what we meant when we say something
or do something and we make the same
attribution to others, even nonhuman
others. While this may be a good starting
point for religions to help people feel
connected to God, as discussed by Clark
Gilpin, it may not be uniformly
informative about human behavior.
Behavior is not transparent for the
intention of that behavior. The fact that
any particular action is not necessarily
unique to the intent behind it is the basis
of a great deal of misunderstanding in
daily interactions. As a result, even if
mirror neurons help our brains recognize
actions and sometimes interpret them,
there are real limits to how experienceproducing
actions can correctly inform
social understanding.
In spite of this limitation, we
may often do just this—assume we
understand another’s actions because of
what we would intend were we to do the
same thing in the same circumstance.
Human social understanding does suffer
egocentric limitations often and to the
extent that it does, something like a
mirror neuron system may play a role.
For example, as discussed by Jean
Decety in his chapter, our ability to
understand the pain of others may derive
in part from the neural systems involved
in our experience of pain, but goes
beyond this starting point. The social
brain is on one level perhaps a very
egocentric brain. But the fundamental
motivation to connect with others has
resulted in systems built on top of these
egocentric foundations. If social
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understanding depended entirely on past
experiences of our own intentions and
actions, there might be much more
misunderstanding and cynicism in the
world. However, the capacity to reason,
hypothesize, and model possible futures
may increase social understanding
beyond the anchor of purely egocentric
perspective. We can conceive of
alternatives to our own goals and
motives and relate those alternatives to
the actions we observe. To some extent,
this process might also involve the motor
system by mentally simulating actions
and anticipated responses. By imagining
how we might act in some situation to
achieve a goal or the alternative ways we
may act given some intention, it may be
possible to go beyond the limits of our
own experience. Such constructive
imagery may well depend on the motor
system, along with other neural systems,
but currently there is no scientific
evidence that such a system might be
linked with the operation of mirror
neurons.
Conclusion
We are equipped to understand
the world around us by relating what we
perceive to our own experiences. With
respect to actions in particular, our
brains have specialized circuitry to relate
previously executed actions to newly
perceived ones, possibly by performing
an internal (imagined) simulation of
them. There is evidence too that we
might understand the emotional states of
others by a similar kind of process,
whereby our brains activate circuits for
experiencing the emotion as a way to
understand that emotion in others. These
brain mechanisms might also apply (to a
greater or lesser degree) when we try to
understand actions or feelings by nonhuman
animals or even inanimate
entities. This could be a partial
biological explanation of
anthropomorphism, as discussed by
Epley and Gilpin. Of course as humans
we have the ability to go beyond these
strict egocentric limitations and
recognize and respond to our social
connections more explicitly. This ability
to go beyond the more basic grounding
of the way we understand others may
subserve part of the goal of some
religions, discussed by Kathryn Tanner,
in fostering a more abstract view of our
connection to others. While a mirror
neuron system might help form the basis
for some aspects of social understanding,
there may well be other invisible forces
at work supported by these and other
neural systems in our social brain.
References
1. Hasson, U., Nusbaum, H. C., & Small, S. L.
(2009). Task-dependent organization of
brain regions active during rest. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America, 106(26), 10841-
10846.
2. Dewey, J. (1903). Democracy in Education.
The Elementary School Teacher, 4(4), 193-
204.
3. Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L.,
& Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action
recognition in the premotor cortex.
Brain, 119 ( Pt 2), 593-609.
4. Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass,
M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C.,
& Rizzolatti, G. (1999). Cortical
mechanisms of human imitation.
Science, 286(5449), 2526-2528.
5. Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I.,
Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta,
J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2005).
Grasping the intentions of others
with one's own mirror neuron
system. PLoS Biology, 3, 529-535.
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6. Skipper, J. I., van Wassenhove, V.,
Nusbaum, H. C., & Small, S. L.
(2007). Hearing lips and seeing
voices: how cortical areas supporting
speech production mediate
audiovisual speech perception.
Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2387-2399.
7. Beilock, S. L., Lyons, I. M.,
Mattarella-Micke, A., Nusbaum, H.
C., & Small, S. L. (2008). Sports
experience changes the neural
processing of action language.
Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 105, 13269-
13272.
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Connecting and Binding Social Brains
and Minds
We evolved as social organisms
in the context of face-to-face interaction.
Much of our human biology was
established before the technology of
email and cell phones. As a result, our
biological nature is tuned primarily to
social signals and interaction that occurs
in the presence of another. It takes just
a moment of observation for us to know
a lot about another person as a social
being. We can understand other
speakers easily within tens of
milliseconds of experience. Our brains
have developed to make this kind of
social connection quickly and easily,
whether through language or action. In
order to understand someone else, we
need to be able to understand their goals
and intentions. Moreover we need to
relate their behavior to our own
individual and personal experience.
Steve Small discusses some of the brain
machinery that may allow us to translate
our perception of language and
observation of behavior into a form that
can be related to our own use of
language and action. This kind of
resonance with experience, rather than
elaborate inferences, may allow us to
connect quickly with others, satisfying
our drive for sociality.
But understanding behavior and
communication is not all there is to
forming social connections. It is one
thing to read intentions and another to
feel someone’s pain. If we only could
understand action and communication,
an important element of human
connection would be missing. In
forming a collective mind, as Gün Semin
discusses it, we need to have collective
emotional responses. Jean Decety
discusses the foundations of empathy
and the brain machinery that supports
this important capacity by providing a
resonant response to the observation of
another person’s distress. Although
sympathy may motivate helping others,
empathy may be one of the social glues
that binds us together as a collective
social organism.
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Chapter 9 9
Empathy and Interpersonal
Sensitivity
A young girl, after watching a
televised documentary account of child
hunger and suffering in Bangladesh,
pleads with her parents to “do
something” to help them. A new child in
9 The lead author is Jean Decety, Ph.D., the
Irving B. Harris Professor in the Departments of
Psychology and Psychiatry, and co-director of
the Brain Research Imaging Center at the
University of Chicago Medical Center. He is the
editor of the journal Social Neuroscience. His
interests include the investigation of the
neurobiological mechanisms underpinning
interpersonal sensitivity, particularly empathy
and sympathy. His recent work focuses on
developmental neuroscience with both typically
developing children and adolescents as well as in
children with deficits in empathic responding
such as antisocial behavior problems. Decety has
published more than 115 scientific papers, and
recently edited the Social Neuroscience of
Empathy (2009, MIT press), and Interpersonal
Sensitivity: Entering Others’ World (2007,
Psychology Press).
Empathy and sympathy play crucial
roles in much of human social interaction and are
necessary components for healthy co-existence.
Sympathy is thought to have a key role in
motivating prosocial behavior, guides our
preferences and behavioral responses, and
provides the affective and motivational base for
moral development. Although the study of these
abilities has traditionally been examined using
behavioral and clinical methods, recent work in
social neuroscience has begun to provide
compelling and novel insights on the neural
mechanisms involved in interpersonal
sensitivity. These developments are explored in
this essay.
daycare is being ignored by the other
children with the exception of one little
boy who takes her hand and includes her
in all his activities. These modest
beginnings signal the important and
ongoing role of empathy for surviving
and flourishing in our social world.
Empathy has been suggested to be
essential to navigating the social world;
it enhances our understanding of others,
improves the effectiveness of our social
communication, and fosters mutually
satisfying social relationships.
Conversely, lack of empathy or its
maladaptive use causes social
relationships to falter and fail.
Empathy refers to our natural
capacity to quickly and automatically
relate to the emotional states of another
person. Rudimentary forms of empathy
appear early in the life course, and with
maturation, empathy can be experienced
by simply reading about or imagining
someone else’s emotion. Empathy
comes so naturally that physicians must
learn to dampen their empathic pain
responses when inserting a needle into a
patient (1). Just because empathy comes
naturally does not mean, however, that it
is instantiated in a discrete brain module
that is automatically activated when one
witnesses another’s distress or suffering.
Rather, the experience of empathy is
underpinned by the combined activity of
several dissociable psychobiological
systems. Further, empathy can be
modulated by various contextual,
dispositional, and interpersonal factors.
The study of empathy, using
sophisticated methods from psychology,
neurology, neuroimaging, and
neuropsychology, provide a unique
opportunity to understand the invisible
power of empathy in shaping our
obligatorily gregarious social nature.
Defining empathy and its functions
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Empathy can be defined as our
natural capacity to share, appreciate, and
respond to the affective states of others.
This capacity is essential for the
regulation of social interactions. For
instance, empathy is believed to
motivate prosocial behavior and inhibit
aggressive behavior (2). In addition, our
ability to share the emotions of those we
observe binds us to each other and
fosters a collective social identity.
Empathy’s invisible power is that it
moves us to cooperate, coordinate our
behaviors, and provide the needed care
for one another. Notably, however,
empathic concern does not necessarily
lead to empathic behavior. First,
empathy poses a paradox, as sharing of
feelings does not necessarily imply that
one will act or even feel impelled to act
in a supportive or sympathetic way.
Second, the complexity of the social and
emotional situations eliciting empathic
concern influences the probability and
nature of the help provided. Whether and
how empathic actions are expressed
depends on the feelings we perceive in
the other, our relationship with that
individual, and the context in which we
share an emotional state.
Empathy is critical for complex
human interactions, but this does not
mean that empathy and prosocial
behavior have suddenly appeared with
Homo sapiens. If empathy is a potent
invisible force generated by the social
brain, some form of emotion-sharing
should also be evident in other social
species such as non-human primates.
Indeed, field observations conducted by
comparative psychologists and
ethologists suggest that behaviors
homologous to empathy can be found in
non-human primates (2). Some have
argued that empathy is not an all-ornothing
phenomenon, and that many
intermediate forms of empathy exist
between the extremes of mere agitation
at the distress of another and full
understanding of their predicaments (3).
Many comparative psychologists view
empathy as a kind of induction process
by which emotions, both positive and
negative, are shared, and which increase
the probability that the protagonists will
subsequently engage in similar behavior.
Though certain non-human
primates may share feelings between
individuals, humans seem to have the
unique ability to intentionally “feel for”
and act on behalf of other individuals
whose experiences may differ greatly
from their own. Such a capacity may
help explain why empathic concern is
often associated with prosocial behaviors
such as helping kin, and why it has been
considered the foundation for altruism,
the expression of empathy and caring for
those who are not kin. Evolutionary
biologists have suggested that empathic
helping behavior evolved because of its
contribution to genetic fitness (kin
selection). In humans and other
mammals, an impulse to care for
offspring is almost certainly genetically
hard-wired. Less clear, however, is
whether an impulse to care for siblings,
more remote kin, and similar non-kin is
genetically hard-wired. The emergence
of altruism is not easily explained within
the framework of neo-Darwinian
theories of natural selection (but see
Cacioppo’s chapter on this point). Social
learning explanations of kinship patterns
in human helping behavior are thus
highly plausible. Indeed, one of the most
striking aspects of human empathy is
that it can be felt for virtually any
“target,” even targets of a different
species (animals included). We can see
a deer hurt by a passing car or the dogs
locked in crates at a shelter and feel
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strongly for their pain or confinement
and future. In part, this kind of empathic
extension may be motivated by the kind
of anthropomorphic attitudes we have
about non-human entities as discussed
by Nick Epley in his chapter. The fact
that we are adept at “feeling for” very
different others whom we can observe
but not truly understand suggests that we
possess a capacity to cognitively rerepresent
others in our mind in a way we
can understand. Indeed, second-order
representation is a key component of
empathy in humans, and may be a useful
adaptation for human survival because it
maximizes the range of individuals with
whom we can form a social bond.
The Components of Empathy
The psychological components
that make up full-blown empathy are
supported by distinct and separable
psychobiological systems. Empathy can
be decomposed into an affective
component that includes the perception
and sharing of an emotional state
observed in another individual, and a
cognitive component that includes the
motivation and intention to respond.
Closely related is a regulatory
component that involves adjustment of
one’s emotional and behavioral
response. The affective, cognitive, and
regulatory aspects of empathy involve
interacting, yet partially non-overlapping
neural circuits. The initial component in
the overall process leading to empathy
draws on somatic mimicry, also known
as “emotion contagion.” This affective
component of empathy develops earlier
than the cognitive component. Affective
responsiveness is present at an early age,
is involuntary, and relies on mimicry and
linking of actions perceived in others
with actions in oneself (i.e., perceptionaction
coupling). For instance,
newborns and infants become vigorously
distressed shortly after another infant
begins to cry. Facial mimicry of basic
emotional expressions also contributes to
affective sharing, and this phenomenon
starts very early in life, by
approximately 10 weeks of age. This
primitive mimicry mechanism, which
may be based on mirror neurons, which
are sensorimotor neurons found in the
premotor, motor, and posterior parietal
cortex of the brain that become active
when observing as well as when
enacting a behavior as discussed in
Steven Small’s chapter. This kind of
mechanism may contribute to the
development of empathy in the early
preverbal period, and continues to
operate past childhood. There is
evidence that when we perceive
emotions and actions of others, we use
the same neural circuits as when we
produce the same emotions and actions
ourselves (e.g., watching another
individual being disgusted and
experiencing disgust in oneself activate
similar neural circuits). For instance,
viewing facial expressions triggers
expressions on one’s own face, even
without explicit identification of what
we’re seeing (4).
The cognitive component of
empathy is closely related to processes
involved in “theory of mind” (i.e., the
ability to attribute mental states to others
and to understand that others’ mental
states can differ from one’s own) and
self-regulation. The capacity for two
people to resonate with each other
emotionally, prior to any cognitive
understanding, is the basis for
developing shared emotional meanings,
but it is not enough for mature empathic
understanding and concern. Such an
understanding requires the observer to
form an explicit representation of the
feelings of another person, a process that
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involves additional mechanisms beyond
the sharing of emotion and includes selfregulatory
mechanisms to modulate the
observer’s experience of negative
arousal. Specifically, in order to
understand the emotions and feelings of
others in relation to oneself, secondorder
representations of the other must
be consciously available and must not
confuse the other with the self. The
medial and ventromedial prefrontal
cortices are known to play crucial roles
in decoupling first-person and thirdperson
information and maintaining
representations of the other as distinct
from the self (5).
The regulatory component of
empathy, especially regulation of
internal emotional states and processes,
is particularly relevant to the modulation
of vicarious emotion and the experience
of empathy as well as sympathy.
Empathy is unlikely to lead to helping
behavior if the observer is incapacitated
by strong empathically evoked emotions,
which is why emotional regulation is an
important component in empathy.
Indeed, children high in effortful control
show greater empathic concern, and the
tendency to experience empathy and
sympathy versus personal distress varies
as a function of their ability to regulate
their emotions more generally.
How We Perceive Other People in
Pain
When witnessing another person
experiencing pain, the scope of an
observer’s reaction can range from
concern for personal safety, including
feelings of alarm, fear, and avoidance, to
concern for the other person, including
compassion, sympathy, and care-giving.
The existence of the perception-action
coupling mechanism apparent in
emotional contagion also seems to
account for our ability to perceive and
understand the pain of others. In the case
of pain, individuals are predisposed to
find distress of others aversive and learn
to avoid actions associated with this
distress. This is even the case in many
mammalian species, including rodents.
For instance, rats that had learned to
press a lever to obtain food would stop
doing so if their response was paired
with the delivery of an electric shock to
a visible neighboring rat (6).
Recently, a handful of functional
neuroimaging studies performed with
healthy human volunteers revealed that
the same neural circuits implicated in
processing the affective and motivational
aspects of pain in oneself account for the
perception of pain in others (7). In one
study, participants in a magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) scanner either
received a painful stimulus or, in other
trials, observed a signal that their
partner, who was present in the same
room, would receive the same stimulus.
First-hand experience of pain resulted in
activation of the somatosensory cortex,
which encodes the way we feel aspects
of a noxious stimulus such as its bodily
location and intensity. Furthermore, the
anterior medial cingulate cortex (ACC),
and the anterior insula were activated
during both first-hand pain and the
anticipated experience of pain in
someone else. These regions are
responsible for the affective and
motivational processing of noxious
stimuli such as those aspects of pain that
pertain to desires, urges, or impulses to
avoid or terminate a painful experience.
A number of other neuroimaging studies
of empathy for pain in adults as well as
in children have demonstrated that the
somatosensory cortex is not activated
only during first-hand pain but is also
activated with the perception of other
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people in pain. Altogether, there is
strong evidence to suggest that
perceiving the pain of others triggers an
automatic somatic sensory-motor
mirroring mechanism between other and
self, which activates almost the entire
neural pain matrix including the
periaqueductal gray, a major site in pain
transmission and for processing of fear
and anxiety, and the supplementary
motor area that programs defensive
movements in response to anticipated
pain. Such a neural resonance
mechanism provides a functional bridge
between first-person and third-person
information. It is grounded in the
equivalence of self and other, which
allows for analogical reasoning, and
offers a possible, yet partial, route to
understanding others.
Of course, human empathic
abilities are more sophisticated than
simply yoking perceptions of the self
and other. In the eighteenth century,
Scottish philosopher and economist
Adam Smith proposed that through
imagination, “we place ourselves in his
situation… enter as it were into his body,
and become in some measure the same
person with” (8). By means of
imagination we come to experience
sensations which are generally similar
to, although typically weaker than, those
of the other person. This capacity to
engage in role-taking has been
theoretically linked to the development
of empathy, moral reasoning, and more
generally, prosocial behavior. Unlike the
motor mimicry and emotional contagion
aspect of empathy, perspective-taking
develops later, possibly because it draws
heavily on the maturation of executive
functions (i.e., processes that serve to
monitor and control thought and actions,
including self-regulation, planning,
cognitive flexibility, response inhibition,
and resistance to interference), functions
that are predominantly centered in the
prefrontal cortex which continues to
mature from birth to adolescence.
Theoretically, imagining the other is
distinct from imagining the self: the
former may evoke empathic concern
(defined as an other-oriented response
congruent with the perceived distress of
the person in need) while the latter
induces both empathic concern and
personal distress (i.e., a self-oriented
aversive emotional response such as
anxiety or discomfort). This distinction
has been supported empirically. When
individuals are asked to imagine how
they would feel in reaction to emotionladen
familiar situations and to imagine
how a known person would feel if she
was experiencing the same situations,
common neural circuits are activated
both for the self and the other. However,
relative to imagining the self, imagining
the other results in specific activation of
parts of the frontal cortex that are
implicated in executive control—the use
of attention and working memory and
decisions—and an area of the brain at
the interface of the temporal and parietal
lobes of the brain that is a key
component of a larger network of neural
circuits involved in attention (sometimes
called the temporoparietal junction).
Some researchers have
hypothesized that the role of the frontal
lobes and the temporoparietal junction is
to hold separate perspectives or to resist
interference against attention to one’s
own perspective. In a recent functional
brain imaging study (9), participants
were shown pictures of people with their
hands or feet in painful or non-painful
situations with the instruction to imagine
themselves or to imagine another
individual experiencing these situations.
During perception of painful situations,
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both the self-perspective and the otherperspective
were associated with
activation in the neural network involved
in pain processing. These results reveal
the similarities in neural networks
representing first- and third-person
information. In addition, however, the
self-perspective yielded higher pain
ratings and involved more extensive
activation of some circuits in the pain
matrix than did the other-perspective,
thus highlighting important differences
between self- and other-perspectives.
Neuroanatomical regions and
circuits form the foundation for the
experience of pain in others, but they are
not sufficient to explain variability in
interpersonal sensitivity. Although
empathetic brain circuits are activated by
the mere perception of pain in others,
activity in these circuits can be
modulated by social, motivational, and
cognitive factors. For example,
observing pain in likable others (i.e.,
those who played a game fairly) resulted
in an enhancement of empathic brain
responses, whereas pain in dislikable
others who played unfairly did not.
Another functional MRI study (10)
found that participants showed
significantly greater responses in neural
regions that are involved in pain
perception when observing the pain of
people who were not responsible for
their stigmatized condition (i.e.,
individuals who contracted AIDS as the
result of a blood transfusion) than either
controls (healthy individuals) or people
who were held responsible for their
condition (i.e., those who contracted
AIDS through illegal drug use). In
addition, participants expressed more
empathy and personal distress in
response to the pain of people who were
not responsible for their stigmatized
condition as compared to controls. The
level of empathic response, therefore,
seems to be influenced by motivational
factors as well as the interpersonal
relationship between the target and the
observer.
Altogether, these findings
demonstrate that the similarities between
affective representations of the self and
the other stem from shared neural
circuits that can be emulated either
automatically or intentionally by the act
of perspective-taking. Importantly, these
findings also point to some distinctions
between these two representations,
distinctions that contribute to our
capacity to detach ourselves from others
sufficiently to make considered
responses to their pain.
Conclusion
Empathy, the natural capacity to
share, appreciate, and respond to the
affective states of others, plays a crucial
role in much of human social interaction
from birth to the end of life. As would be
expected if empathy functions to
enhance social cohesion, social nonhuman
primate species also exhibit
rudimentary versions of empathy. What
humans have in abundance are higherlevel
cognitive and social abilities
(language, theory of mind, executive
functions) that can be deployed to
modulate empathic responses, and that
are amenable to modulation by lowerlevel
processes such as emotional
contagion and mimicry. These levels of
processing enable empathy to have an
impact on a wide variety of human
behaviors. From motivating prosocial
behavior to providing the affective and
motivational bases for moral
development, empathy is an invisible
force to reckon with when considering
how humans behave toward each other.
References
Page | 91
1. Cheng, Y., Lin, C., Liu, H.L.,
Hsu, Y., Lim, K., Hung, D., &
Decety, J. (2007). Expertise
modulates the perception of pain
in others. Current Biology, 17,
1708-1713.
2. De Waal, F. (2009). The Age of
Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a
Kinder Society. New York:
Harmony Books.
3. De Waal, F. B. M. (2009).
Darwin’s last laugh. Nature, 460,
175.
4. Meltzoff, A.N., & Decety, J.
(2003). What imitation tells us
about social cognition: A
rapprochement between
developmental psychology and
cognitive neuroscience. The
Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society, London, 358,
491-500.
5. Decety, J., & Sommerville, J.A.
(2003). Shared representations
between self and others: A social
cognitive neuroscience view.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7,
527-533.
6. Church, R. M. (1959). Emotional
reactions of rats to the pain of
others. Journal of Comparative
and Physiological Psychology,
52, 132-134.
7. Decety, J., & Lamm, C. (2009).
Empathy and intersubjectivity.
In G. G. Berntson & J. T.
Cacioppo (Eds.), Handbook of
neuroscience for the behavioral
sciences (Vol. 2, pp. 940-957).
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
8. Smith, Adam. The Theory of
Moral Semtiments. Edited by
Sálvio M. Soares. MetaLibri,
2005, v1.0p.
9. Jackson, P.L., Brunet, E.,
Meltzoff, A.N., & Decety, J.
(2006). Empathy examined
through the neural mechanisms
involved in imagining how I feel
versus how you feel pain: An
event-related fMRI study.
Neuropsychologia, 44, 752-61.
10. Decety, J., Echols, S.C., &
Correll, J. (2009). The blame
game: the effect of responsibility
and social stigma on empathy for
pain. Journal of Cognitive
Neuroscience, Epub ahead of
print.
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Seeing into My Mind and Other
Minds
Empathy is defined by Jean
Decety as “the natural capacity to share,
appreciate, and respond to the affective
states of others.” Empathy rests on our
ability to see into the mind of another
while distinguishing it from one’s own
to be in a position to cooperate,
coordinate, and provide the needed care
for others. The possession of empathic
capacity is not sufficient to determine
the precise nature of the response toward
others, however. As Decety points out,
whether an individual attends to and
responds empathically upon observing
emotion in another individual depends
on, among other things, dispositional
tendencies, the relationship between the
individuals, and contextual constraints.
Motivation to help another is also
influenced by the amount of cognitive
effort we are willing and able to exert to
take the perspective of the other.
Perspective-taking is essentially
an attempt to see into the invisible mind
of another. What we can’t see, we model
based on our own mind and like-minded
individuals. Nick Epley shows that
seeing into and connecting with other
minds is such a frequent operation of the
social brain that the absence of others
inclines people to see human minds in
nonhuman entities. Whether it’s a tree, a
pet, or God, ascribing mind to others
endows them with the capacity to
experience the same affective states we
experience. This shared capacity evokes
in us a tendency to feel and express
empathic concern for their well-being.
Unfortunately, humans do not grant all
individuals, much less non-human
entities, an equivalent degree of mind.
Epley articulates how differences in the
capacity to see mind in others have
consequences for the way we feel and
think about and behave toward others.
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Chapter 10 10
Seeing Invisible Minds
Shortly after taking off from
LaGuardia airport in the dead of winter,
the engines of US Airways flight 1549
failed after inhaling several large geese.
The pilots glided their plane onto the
Hudson River, where all of the
10 The lead author is Nicholas Epley, Ph.D., a
Professor of Behavioral Science at the University
of Chicago Booth School of Business. His
research investigates people’s ability to reason
about others’ minds, from knowing how one is
being judged by others to predicting others'
attitudes, beliefs, and underlying motivations,
and the implications of systematic mistakes in
mind reading for everyday social interactions.
His research has appeared in more than two
dozen journals, has been featured by the Wall
Street Journal, CNN, Wired, and National Public
Radio, among many others, and has been funded
by the National Science Foundation and the
Templeton Foundation. Epley has written for the
New York Times, produced lectures for the
Financial Times, been elected as a Fellow of the
Association for Psychological Science, and is the
winner of the 2008 Theoretical Innovation Prize
from the Society for Personality and Social
Psychology.
Other minds are inherently invisible.
You cannot see an attitude, smell a belief, or
touch an intention, and yet you can nevertheless
“see” these mental states in other people with
great ease. You can even see them in agents
ranging from pets to gadgets to gods. How you
are able to see other minds, and how they
become visible, matters because it marks the
difference between treating others as human
beings worthy of moral care and concern versus
treating others as objects or animals.
passengers were rescued, cold, wet, and
almost completely unharmed. Explained
one passenger, “God was certainly
looking out for us.” New Orleans Mayor
Ray Nagin offered a very different
assessment of God’s mind following the
devastating impact of Hurricane Katrina
when he explained that, “Surely God is
mad at America. Surely he’s not
approving of us being in Iraq under false
pretense. But surely he’s upset at Black
America, too.”
Depending on your own beliefs,
such statements will seem somewhere
between insane and insightful. To
psychologists, they seem impressive.
They seem impressive not because they
reveal a keen sense of causal inference,
but rather because they reveal what may
be the most impressive capacities of the
social brain—the ability to reason about,
or “to see,” what other minds see.
Introspection enables you to know your
own intentions, report on your own
thoughts, feel your own pain, and
recognize when you are feeling shame
rather than guilt. Other minds, however,
are inherently invisible. You cannot
know what it is like to be another person
on the inside because your skull gets in
the way.
The inherent invisibility of other
minds poses a major problem for hardnosed
philosophers, who skeptically note
that people cannot infer that other minds
exist at all. Although it is surprisingly
difficult for philosophers to reject the
skeptical conclusion from the “other
minds problem,” almost everyone else
casts it aside altogether some time
around the age of five. At this point
people have developed such a strong
capacity to think about other minds that
they not only see minds in other people,
but they seem to see other minds almost
everywhere 1 . Gods can be caring or
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callous. Pets can be thoughtful or
devious. And every now and then,
computers can have a mind of their own.
Having the capacity to reason
about other minds enables people to
form deep social connections with
others, to empathize with others’ pain
and share in their joy, and to anticipate
others’ actions. But having a capacity
and actually using it are two different
things. People are not naturally inclined
to see invisible things in the
environment. People do not
automatically see into other minds,
either, but instead do so only under
certain circumstances and with some
psychological effort. This chapter will
describe how people come to see other
minds, how other minds can become
more or less visible, and why the
visibility of other minds matters for
everyday life.
Kinds of Minds
Studying how people understand
other minds first requires understanding
how people intuitively define another
mind. Research suggests that people
think of minds as having two distinct
dimensions, the ability to act (agency)
and the ability to feel (experience) 2 .
Mindful agency involves the cognitive
activities that enable action, such as the
capacity to plan, to have intentions, to
engage in deliberate self-control, and to
pursue one’s own goals. Conscious
preferences, attitudes, and beliefs follow
from these capacities. Mindful
experience, in contrast, involves the
cognitive activities involved in reacting
to the external world, such as the
capacity for self-awareness, and the
experience of basic psychological states
(like hunger, thirst, or pain), and otheroriented
emotions (such as empathy or
sympathy). Mindful experience also
involves the capacity for
metacognition—the capacity to think
about one’s own thoughts or emotions—
exemplified in experiences such as
confidence and doubt, or in secondary
emotions such as shame, guilt, joy, or
hope. People seem to represent these
two capacities in others quite
independently. A sociopath, for
instance, can appear to act with a high
degree of mindful agency but no mindful
experience, whereas a baby might appear
full of mindful experience with
relatively little mindful agency. Seeing
other agents as mindful essentially
means seeing them as able to
consciously think and/or to feel.
Because you are aware of both your own
thoughts and feelings, you likely
consider yourself—like most people
do—to be very mindful.
Making Other Minds Visible
Introspection provides a kind of
flashlight that seems to provide direct
access to one’s own agency as well as
experience. Although research
demonstrates that introspection is
actually a process of indirect inference,
it appears to us that introspection
provides direct access to the workings of
our own brain. It seems that we can look
on the inside and feel when we are
suffering, know when we are
experiencing regret, or be aware of our
intentions to lose weight. We can use
our introspective abilities to make
inferences about what others are likely
thinking or feeling (and we very often
do), but such inferences are likely to
seem inherently less direct, less
immediate, and less illuminating. We
cannot see into other minds as clearly as
we seem able to see our own.
When something is difficult to
see, people may doubt whether it
Page | 95
actually exists, or may not see it at all.
This is true of the relative difficulty that
people have seeing other minds
compared to one’s own, in ways that are
sometimes very subtle and surprising.
For instance, we tend to evaluate
ourselves by consulting our mindful
intentions, but we evaluate others (and
their intentions) by observing their
actions. We may consider ourselves to
be conscientious if we planned to buy
our spouse a birthday gift, but need to
see an actual gift to infer that our spouse
is equally conscientious. 3 We tend to
believe that we are more likely to
experience complicated mental emotions
like shame, guilt, or embarrassment than
are others. 4,5 We tend to believe that our
own behavior will therefore be guided
by moral sentiments like empathy, guilt,
or compassion whereas others’ behavior
is more likely driven by the relatively
mindless motives of self-interest. 6 Other
minds are more opaque than our own,
and some learning, attending, seeking,
and projecting is required for our brains
to become fully social and see into them.
Here’s how 7 .
Learning. Children do not enter
the world able to think about other
minds, but they learn to do so fairly
quickly. At around three months of age,
children start preferentially attending to
animate objects compared to inanimate
objects, and at around six months of age
start to distinguish between intentional
(goal-directed) and unintentional
(accidental) action. At this age, for
instance, children will look reliably
longer at a person who is reaching for a
cup than to a person who is making the
same reaching motion in the absence of
a cup. Over the next 18 months,
children become more likely to mimic
intentional than unintentional actions 8 , to
follow the gaze of another person and
therefore share his or her attentional
focus, and recognize that other people
may have preferences that differ from
one’s own. By age two, children’s
social ability to read other minds seems
to have already surpassed that of our
nearest primate relatives, and over the
next two years they pick up what appear
to be uniquely human mind-reading
capacities. By age five, children
demonstrate the most sophisticated of
mind-reading abilities—the capacity to
recognize that others’ beliefs may differ
from one’s own and to use those
differing (sometimes mistaken) beliefs to
predict the other agent’s behavior.
Variability from age five onward comes
from learning more specific details about
how other minds actually work, largely
gathered from personal experience,
religious practice, or broader cultural
norms.
Many psychologists and
neuroscientists speculate that learning to
read other minds comes from the deeply
social tendency, present at birth, to
mimic others’ actions. For example,
Steve Small examines a neurological
underpinning for mimicry, and Jean
Decety argues in his essay that an inborn
capacity for mimicry underlies the
human capacity for empathy. Looking
where others look and copying their
actions is a reasonable way to copy their
likely mental states as well. This
egocentric method of using one’s own
mental experience as a guide to other
minds continues to be employed
throughout adulthood, and can give
insight into others’ mental states but can
also lead people to overestimate the
extent to which others’ minds are similar
to one’s own. These biases tend to be
called egocentric when reasoning about
other people, and they tend to be called
anthropomorphic when reasoning about
Page | 96
nonpeople such as a god or a gadget or a
pet.
Attending. People rarely notice
things in their environment unless they
are specifically attending to them. Other
minds likewise tend to be relatively
invisible unless attention is specifically
drawn to them. For instance, take a
moment to think about how happy you
are compared to the average American…
No really, please take a moment…If you
just spent some time thinking about how
happy you are and no time thinking
about how happy the average American
is, then you are no different from the
majority of people in psychology
experiments who do likewise 8 . People
can consider others’ thoughts, feelings,
beliefs, or emotions, but doing so
requires mental effort that is in short and
limited supply. Consider, for instance, a
simple experiment in which you are
playing a game with another person 9 .
Both you and the other player in this
game must first choose privately to
cooperate or compete with each other. If
you both choose to cooperate, you both
earn $5. But if the other player chooses
to cooperate and you choose to compete,
then you win $10 and your partner gets
nothing. If you, however, choose to
cooperate and the other player chooses
to compete, you win nothing and your
partner wins $10. If you both choose to
compete, you both win a measly $2. It
seems obvious in this situation that you
should consider both what you would
like to do, but also consider what the
other player is likely to be thinking.
Experimental evidence suggests that
people do indeed think about the former
but spend little time thinking of the
latter. In a basic version of this
experiment, 60% of people chose to
cooperate. However, when people were
simply asked to think about their
partner’s thoughts before making their
choice, only 27% chose to cooperate. If
people had already been thinking about
others’ thoughts, as it seems like they
would naturally be doing in this
situation, then a simple instruction to
consider others’ thoughts would have no
effect on people’s own behavior. That is
not the case. This simple experiment
shows that people may not naturally
consider other minds even when it
appears that they should. Thinking
about other minds requires attentional
effort. It does not necessarily come
automatically. Indeed, as Tanya
Luhrmann describes in her chapter,
people may have to work very hard to
discern other minds, such as the mind of
God, even when they are actively
looking for them.
Seeking. If seeing other minds
requires attention, then other minds are
especially likely to become visible when
people are motivated to think about
them. There are many reasons why
people might try to get into the mind of
another agent, from a spouse to a pet to a
god, but two are reasonably wellsupported
by existing research. First,
people tend to think about other minds
when they are trying to form a social
connection with others. 10 Making
people feel lonely or isolated, for
instance, increases the tendency to
describe one’s pet as thoughtful,
considerate, or sympathetic (all mindful
traits). And those who are made to feel
lonely are also likely to report believing
in mindful supernatural agents, such as
God. Second, people tend to think about
other minds when they are trying to
achieve some understanding and control
over their environment or over another
agent’s behavior. 1 Concepts of mind,
including attitudes, beliefs, goals, or
desires, can provide compelling cause-
Page | 97
and-effect explanations of behavior that
give a sense of predictability and
control. A meteorologist may know that
a hurricane may strike here or there
depending on environmental conditions.
Lacking such knowledge, a hurricane
that strikes here rather than there may
lead people to invoke a mindful agent—
such as a God—to explain that action.
Projecting. If introspection
makes your own mind visible, then you
might assume that those who look
similar to you on the outside might look
similar to you on the inside as well.
Indeed, animals that move at a
humanlike speed (such as a horse) seem
more mindful to people than do animals
that move either much slower (such as a
sloth) or much faster (such as a
hummingbird). 11 And an agent that look
humanlike, such as a computerized
avatar with human face, seems more
mindful than avatars that do not look
humanlike. Any parent knows how well
toy makers love to capitalize on this
tendency. But it is the converse of this
effect that is even more interesting—
other minds become less visible as the
agent becomes less similar to the self.
Others that differ from you in their
interests, nationality, or social status are
likely to be seen as less mindful—less
thoughtful, less likely to experience
complicated emotions, less able to
experience pain or suffering—than those
that are similar to you. It is little
wonder, then, that the history of human
conflict is filled with instances of people
dehumanizing radically different others,
treating them like mindless animals or
objects. 12
Why Minds Matter
It may not be obvious to you why
it matters that your neighbor, every now
and then, thinks that her computer has a
mind of it’s own, that a mayor believes
that God punished his city by sending a
hurricane, or that you truly believe that
your pet poodle is thoughtful and
considerate. Some of these attributions
of mind seem purely metaphorical and
therefore unimportant, as ways of
speaking rather than ways of believing,
whereas others seem to represent
genuine beliefs about the real presence
or absence of another social mind. But
metaphors have a way of influencing
behavior in ways that are consistent with
believing the metaphor to be literally
true. People metaphorically refer to
feeling dirty after behaving unethically,
and yet washing one’s hands actually
reduces the guilt that people report
feeling from engaging in unethical
actions. 13 People are surely just
speaking metaphorically when they refer
to rejection as being given the cold
shoulder, and yet research demonstrates
that people do indeed report feeling that
a room is colder after someone has just
rejected them than after someone has
just accepted them. 14 And surely people
are only speaking metaphorically when
they refer to the stock market as anxious
or jittery, and yet describing the market
as mindful leads stock traders to believe
that trends are likely to continue whereas
describing the market as mindless leads
traders to predict more random
variability. 15 Whether metaphorical or
literal, seeing other agents as mindful
matters because people tend to treat the
agent as if it has a mind. That matters
for at least three major reasons.
First, mindful agents have both
intentions and the capacity for selfcontrol.
Mindful agents can therefore be
held responsible for their actions.
Possessing a guilty mind (mens rea) is
necessary for being held criminally
responsible for a crime in the US, a
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precedent found in courts around the
world dating back to the Middle Ages.
In times past and cultures in which
people did not so naturally restrict
intentional capacities to other humans,
animals (such as rats) and objects (such
as “possessed” statues) were common
targets of criminal prosecution 16,17 .
Increasing the extent to which other
agents seem mindful also increases the
praise or blame that they receive for
their actions. And even diminishing the
extent to which people feel in mindful
control of their own behavior (e.g., by
undermining people’s belief in free will),
leads people to behave in ways that are
consistent with diminished self-control
(such as by cheating on an exam when
tempted to do so). 18
Second, other minds are capable
of thinking, and may therefore be
thinking about you. Being under
scrutiny by mindful agents has two basic
effects on human behavior. One is that
mindful agents become sources of social
influence, increasing the extent to which
people behave in socially desirable
ways 20 . Imagine, for instance, how you
might behave if you found a magic ring
that made you invisible… and you’ll get
the point. This ability for mindful
surveillance to control behavior has been
proposed as one of the reasons, if not the
primary reason, why religious systems
that posit an omnipresent deity are able
to maintain such large-scale cooperative
societies. The other effect of mindful
surveillance is that it is mentally taxing
to monitor others’ thoughts. This
effortful monitoring can diminish a
person’s performance on other
cognitively demanding tasks 21 . And
while waiting for a stressful event, such
as giving a speech, people show less
stress-related responses when in the
presence of their relatively mindless pet
than when in the presence of their
relatively more mindful spouse 22 .
Finally, other minds matter
because mindful agents become moral
agents worthy of care and compassion 7 .
The principle of autonomy captures this
most basic of human rights—that
because all people have the same
minimal capacity to suffer, deliberate,
and choose, no person can compromise
the body, life, or freedom of another
person. Agents with mindful
experience, the capacity to suffer,
deliberate, and choose, become those
that evoke empathy and concern for well
being, whereas agents without mindful
experience can be treated simply as
mindless objects. From debates about
abortion to animal rights to euthanasia,
the mindful experience of the agents in
question is often either the explicit or
implicit focus of debate. Making
invisible minds visible, and hence more
like one’s own, enables people to more
readily follow the most famous of all
ethical dictates—to treat others as you
would have others treat you.
Conclusion
It is impossible for scientists to
examine whether God was looking out
for the passengers of flight 1549 or
punishing the residents of New Orleans
with Hurricane Katrina, but it is very
possible to examine why people might
make such inferences. These
examinations have revealed a
remarkable capacity to look beyond the
visible behavior that the environment
provides to reason about a completely
invisible world of intentions and goals,
of motives and beliefs, of attitudes and
preferences—an invisible world of other
minds. Understanding when people are
likely to recognize other minds (and see
into them) and when they are not is the
Page | 99
key to understanding when people may
be likely to invoke natural versus
supernatural explanations, when gadgets
can seem to have minds of their own,
and when people are likely to treat their
pets as people and their enemies as
animals. A mind like our own, with the
capacity to see into other minds, is
essential for an agent to be, as we are,
fundamentally social.
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Inferring Minds Where None
Can Be Seen
The social brain seeks
connections with others. But what is the
foundation that we use to build such
connections? We experience empathy as
a form of emotional resonance and
understanding of other people. This
connection allows us to comfort and
support and celebrate with others. Being
in tune with emotional states of others
allows us to respond in ways that
strengthen a group. But how do we
understand the thoughts and goals of
others? How do we predict choices and
decisions to facilitate cooperation in
groups? Anthropomorphism is the basis
for predicting behavior and thoughts and
goals. Nick Epley discusses how
anthropomorphism is rooted in an
egocentric view of others. Moreover our
view of others is not confined to the
others that are people. It is perhaps
reflective of the deep and fundamental
nature of anthropomorphism in the
social brain that its anthropomorphic
inferences about agents can be derived
from observed behavior, allowing us to
understand “minds” where none may
exist, as in mechanical toys or alarm
clocks. Of course we tend to understand
those minds by thinking they are just
like us.
Even when there is no agent to
be seen, events in the world may be
understood by attributing them to unseen
agents. During World War II, the
bombing of London was demonstrably
random, but citizens of London could
not help but discern intentional patterns
in the attacks. As Epley points out,
hurricanes and floods are even today
attributed to the hand of God, perhaps an
angry God. Clark Gilpin discusses how
religions may use this aspect of the
social brain to achieve an understanding
of God and what God wants. This kind
of anthropomorphism can be taken to
different metaphoric extremes in
personifying God as father or friend.
But an overly concrete personification
may have costs perhaps diminishing the
universality and pervasiveness of God in
other religions. Thus religions may
differ in theological perspective on the
value of the anthropomorphic impulse
inherent in the social brain.
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Chapter 11 11
Anthropomorphism: Human
Connection to a Universal Society
When Jonathan Edwards, an
angular New England minister in his late
11 The lead author, Clark Gilpin, Ph.D., is the
Margaret E. Burton Professor of the History of
Christianity at the University of Chicago
Divinity School. Clark studies the cultural
history of theology in England and America
from the seventeenth century to the present.
From 1990 to 2000, he served as dean of the
Divinity School, and from 2000 to 2004 he
directed the Martin Marty Center, the Divinity
School’s institute for advanced research in all
fields of the academic study of religion. His
current research projects include a book with the
working title Alone with the Alone: Solitude in
American Religious and Literary History, which
explores ways in which the spiritual discipline of
solitary writing—autobiographic narratives,
journals, and letters—shaped the careers of
major New England intellectuals of the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Anthropomorphic representations of
God make many modern people very nervous,
including many religious people. Attributing
human-like ideas and emotions to the
comprehending powers of the universe not only
seems out of step with modern science but also a
presumptuous confinement of the world within
merely human needs and capacities. Yet, the
impulse to speak anthropomorphically about our
“ultimate environment” has vigorously persisted
into the modern age. Rather than dismissing
anthropomorphism as an outmoded way of
thinking, this essay adopts a historical approach
to rethink why anthropomorphism exhibits this
perennial capacity to focus the human ethical
imagination on our relations with and obligations
to the universe within which we live.
thirties, mounted the narrow steps into
the pulpit on July 8, 1741, the sermon he
was about to preach would become one
of the most famously electrifying
orations in American history, “Sinners in
the Hands of an Angry God.” Edwards
preached this sermon during the massive
transatlantic religious revival that gave
rise to Methodism in England and came
to be known in the American colonies as
“the Great Awakening.” This was not
the familiar pulpit of his congregation in
Northampton, Massachusetts, but rather
the church at Enfield, a town that had
gained notoriety for stubbornly resisting
the exhortations of previous preachers of
spiritual awakening. From his scriptural
text—“their foot shall slide in due time”
(Deut. 32: 35)—Edwards drew the
doctrine that “there is nothing that keeps
wicked men, at any one moment, out of
hell, but the mere pleasure of God.”
Sinners living here and now, Edwards
declared, were “the objects of that very
same anger and wrath of God, that is
expressed in the torments of hell,” and
that wrath was an annihilating fire that
already “burns against them; their
damnation does not slumber; the pit is
prepared; the fire is made ready…to
receive them.” In a notorious image,
Edwards portrayed God dangling the
sinner’s soul over the fires of hell like a
spider on a single, slender filament of its
web. The sermon achieved stunning
results, as recorded in the diary of one of
those present, Stephen Williams:
“before the sermon was done, there was
a great moaning and crying out
throughout the whole house—what shall
I do to be saved; oh, I am going to hell;
oh, what shall I do for a Christ.” The
“shrieks and cries were piercing and
amazing,” Williams reported, and the
scene was so tumultuous that Edwards
had to stop before finishing his sermon. i
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As the classic American example
of fire-and-brimstone Protestant
preaching, “Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God” depends, for its effect, on
anthropomorphism: ascribing human
form and attributes—hands, emotions,
and purposive agency—to nonhuman
phenomena. Anthropomorphism has
been a hotly debated feature of religion
since classical antiquity. But, in the
modern world, religious
anthropomorphism has become
especially controversial, while, at the
same time, also becoming a crucial
concept in modern theories about the
very nature of religion. ii Modern
objections to anthropomorphism have
taken two major forms. First, traditions
within Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
have long opposed the worship of
“idols,” and regarded anthropomorphism
as a dangerous assault against genuine
piety and properly theological
understanding of existence. In the
modern period these religious objections
against anthropomorphism have
eventuated not only in sophisticated
intellectual polemics against
anthropomorphic concepts of God but
also in popular movements of
iconoclasm, which protested against
anthropomorphic representations of the
divine and sometimes physically
destroyed anthropomorphic images.
Second, the rise and development of
modern science has emphasized the
regularity of the processes that structure
the natural world. And even when these
orderly processes were described as
natural “laws”—a term with obvious
anthropomorphic connotations—they
have generally been understood in ways
that are thoroughly impersonal and
lacking any intrinsic purpose or design.
Hence, modern science has generated
numerous questions about religious
interpretations of influence on the course
of nature by divine ideas and purposes.
Since the late nineteenth century, many
instances of the so-called “warfare”
between science and theology have
turned on the issue of whether any
scientific plausibility could be attached
to concepts of a divine mind, purpose, or
intention that guided or ordered the
structure of the universe. iii According to
the philosopher Charles Taylor, the
transition from perceptions of a divinely
ordered, purposive universe to an
“impersonal order” of nature marked a
pivotal change that, especially since the
eighteenth century, has shaped “a secular
age” among the societies of the modern
West. iv In short, anthropomorphism has
not only become a source of tension
within religions but also something of an
impasse between religious and scientific
interpretations of the universe.
Nonetheless, anthropomorphic
assumptions remain vigorously present
in many of the modern forms of
theology, spiritual practice, and religious
art, a persistence that suggests the
strength of the psychological and social
functions performed by
anthropomorphic representation.
In light of these longstanding
controversies about religious
anthropomorphism, the graphically
anthropomorphic, spider-dangling deity
of Edwards’s sermon would seem to
offer a good test case for understanding
how anthropomorphic religious language
works in the modern era. Such an
understanding begins with one of the
central themes of this book, namely, the
powerful human motivation to establish
and maintain social connections.
Anthropomorphism extends this drive
for social connection beyond the
boundaries of human societies by
attributing human characteristics to
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nonhuman phenomena. In this way,
anthropomorphic language incorporates
human society in a web of ethical
obligations that connect to the natural
environment and, by imaginative
extension, to the universe as a whole.
Although the drive toward social
connection is a general human trait,
however, persons neither seek nor find
satisfaction in a generalized sense of
connection. Instead, satisfying social
connections are sought and experienced
in terms of the social norms and values
of particular historical and cultural
settings. Likewise, anthropomorphism,
as an inferred social connection to the
nonhuman, takes shape and becomes
persuasive in terms of historically and
culturally specific assumptions about
society and social relations. This
chapter will, therefore, step back from
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,”
in order to describe how contemporary
scholarship in social neuroscience and in
the history of religions provides a fresh
point of view on the workings of
anthropomorphic perception and then
test that interpretive model by
reappraising Edwards’s famous sermon
in its historical context.
The Boundary of the Human
The line between the human and
the nonhuman is, perhaps, the most
consequential presupposition that any
society, group, or individual adopts
about life in the world. The way various
cultures draw this line, between “us” and
“the other,” has shaped civilizations and
their goals as well as the norms of
personal conduct and identity. Although
concepts of the human have a long and
contentious philosophical history, people
in their everyday lives show remarkable
consensus in the features they use to
define “human.” Central to this process
of perceiving the human is a perception
of mind in other agents, including the
presence of goal-directed agency,
emotions such as anger, guilt, or pride, a
capacity for self-awareness, and free
will. As Nick Epley demonstrated in the
preceding chapter, the perception of
these distinctively human traits—“seeing
invisible minds”—is a psychological
mechanism with tremendous influence
on the way humans order and understand
their social environment.
Mind perception is such a
powerful tool of inductive inference,
however, that it regularly crosses the line
it has itself drawn between the human
and the nonhuman. Scholars from a
wide array of disciplines have long
observed humans’ anthropomorphic
tendency to see nonhuman things or
events as humanlike, imbuing the real or
imagined behavior of nonhuman
phenomena with human motivations,
agency, and emotions. By perceiving
the world in terms of human capacities
and social relationships,
anthropomorphism builds a complex
system of analogies that uses knowledge
of what it is like to be a person, in order
to interpret the behavior of animals, the
function of technological devices, the
operation of complex social systems
such as “the market,” or natural
occurrences such as violent weather
patterns or catastrophic events. v Hence,
anthropomorphism, as a process of
inference that not only draws but also
crosses the line between the human and
the nonhuman, has very substantial
consequences for the human sense of
connection to nonhuman animals, to
larger ecological systems, and to the
structure of the universe taken as a
whole.
Contemporary psychological
research has created an intellectual space
that opens the phenomenon of
Page | 105
anthropomorphism to fresh possibilities
for interpretation that are especially
important for understanding its role in
the human spiritual traditions in
modernity, as well as the controversies
surrounding that role. This research
proposes that a single set of
psychological mechanisms is likely to
explain when people perceive a mind at
work in an encountered phenomenon,
regardless of whether the thing in
question is a god, a machine, an animal,
another person, or an uncanny sequence
of events. From this perspective, the
psychological process of
anthropomorphic inference works in
concert with two other motivational
mechanisms: the need to interact
effectively with nonhuman phenomena
in our environment and the desire to
establish social connections with other
humans. vi The phrase anthropomorphic
inference fails to capture, however, the
interactive dynamism that infuses a
person’s perception that a mind is at
work in another agent. Put more
strongly, our sense that mind is present
in the other is, in no small measure, the
sense that we are communicating. The
absence of this communicative
dimension of mind perception is
precisely the tragedy in the family of an
Alzheimer’s patient—the loss of
reciprocal recognition. As Tanya
Luhrmann vividly illustrates in the next
chapter, religious anthropomorphism
builds on the notion that this
communicative reciprocity extends
beyond the boundary of human society
into the wider environment and includes
social connection and communication
with the divine.
Anthropomorphism adds an
obvious but important twist to these
psychological mechanisms: whenever a
person ascribes human attributes to a
nonhuman phenomenon, the person
nonetheless continues to perceive it as
nonhuman. When, for instance, a pet
owner observes a dog’s reliability and
infers that this behavior arises from the
dog’s faithfulness, the owner does not go
on to say that the dog is human. Indeed,
an indispensable aspect of an
anthropomorphic way of seeing Fido’s
faithfulness is that the person also
continues to see Fido as a dog. This dual
perception is even more pronounced in a
parallel illustration: a person observes
the everyday reliability of gravity and
infers that this arises from faithfulness at
the heart of the natural order. Both
illustrations indicate a close connection
of anthropomorphism to metaphor, in
which persons understand one kind of
thing in terms of another by identifying a
feature that bridges their difference
without eliminating it. The specific
feature, in this case faithfulness, posits a
point of comparison that enables a
familiar human capacity for loyalty to
enable interpretation of another,
unfamiliar or alien phenomenon. The
illustrations further suggest that Fido’s
faithfulness is what could be called weak
anthropomorphism, because one could
plausibly argue that dogs and humans
actually do share a capacity for
faithfulness. We perceive that, as
mammals, they exhibit many behavioral
similarities. By contrast, the perception
of faithfulness as an attribute of the
natural order is strong
anthropomorphism, because it makes a
far more daring inference in its effort to
draw an analogy that produces insight or
knowledge about the communicative
reciprocity of the human and the
nonhuman. Religions, as Edwards’s
sermon illustrates, build primarily on
strong anthropomorphism in order to
propound communicative social
Page | 106
connection with the nonhuman world.
The metaphorical and analogical
reasoning so characteristic of religious
interpretations of the world is not merely
a rhetorical flourish but is, instead,
closely tied to general psychological
processes in which self-knowledge and
knowledge of other humans function as
the most readily accessible starting
points for inferences we make about
human connections to the most
comprehensive and consequential forces
at work in the nonhuman world. vii
Anthropomorphism’s dual
perception of nonhuman phenomena—as
simultaneously both like and unlike
human persons—has shaped modern
religious and spiritual perceptions in two
especially intriguing directions. In one
case, it has fastened on the difference
between the human and the divine and
cultivated iconoclastic perceptions of the
spiritual in which anthropomorphic
representation is regarded as a
dangerously misleading, albeit
necessary, accommodation to the
limitations of human reason. viii In the
other case, it has emphasized the point of
metaphorical identity between the human
and the nonhuman. Thus, an ancient
idea held that the physical universe was
a macrocosm mirroring the human
microcosm, and this included what
literary critics have named “the pathetic
fallacy,” that is, a sympathetic response
in nature to the affective states of
humans. The early modern political
philosopher Hugo Grotius (1583-1645),
for example, described how human
disobedience to divine law prompted an
anthropomorphic emotional response
from nature: “with sad motion
wheeling, let the sky lament and
mourn.” ix In the modern history of
religions, these two modes of
anthropomorphism, one accentuating
difference and the other accentuating
identity, have varied according to social
circumstance, rhetorical purpose, and
political ramifications. “Sinners in the
Hands of an Angry God” illustrates, in
one historical context, how
anthropomorphic language crosses the
boundary of the human in order to
interpret human ethical responsibility to
both the human and the nonhuman
environment.
The Rhetoric of Divine Wrath
Clearly, Edwards’s
anthropomorphic rhetoric destabilized in
a terrifying way the Enfield
congregation’s complacent perceptions
of the world. It did so by starting from
an assumption that Edwards and the
congregation shared: that humanity’s
ultimate environment should be
construed, anthropomorphically, as a
cosmic society held together by a
covenant that God had made with the
whole of creation. The sermon induced
terror among the congregants by
graphically portraying their own
responsibility for disrupting the
harmonious order of this allencompassing
society and provoking
divine wrath for their rebellion against
the covenant.
The primary evidence for this
divine wrath came not, however, from
the external orders of nature and divine
providence, which Edwards imagined
working together to maintain the
harmonious order of the world. Instead,
wrath had arisen from a clash between
the benign will of the world and the
rebellious human will: “there is laid in
the very nature of carnal men a
foundation for the torments of hell:
there are those corrupt principles, in
reigning power in them, and in full
possession of them, that are seeds of hell
Page | 107
fire.” For the present God restrained
human wickedness “by his mighty
power, as he does the raging waves of
the troubled sea,” but, if God should
withdraw that restraining power,
humanity’s willful self-regard would
overturn nature. The most dangerous
fire in creation was not, therefore, the
fire of hell but rather the hellfire bursting
forth from an unrestrained human will:
“The corruption of the heart of man is a
thing that is immoderate and boundless
in its fury; and while wicked men live
here, it is like fire pent up by God’s
restraints,” but, should God ever relax
his governance, humanity’s boundless
fury “would set on fire the course of
nature.”
The turmoil stirred by human
willfulness, like a violent storm at sea,
threatened to capsize the ark of the
universe, and the earth responded to this
threat in a terrifying version of the
pathetic fallacy, in which not empathy
but enmity arose between humans and
their natural environment.
Consequently, except for “the sovereign
pleasure of God, the earth would not
bear you one moment,” and Edwards
warned the Enfield congregation that
“the creation groans with you” and
resented its subservience to human
usurpation: “the sun don’t willingly
shine upon you to give you light to serve
sin and Satan; the earth don’t willingly
yield her increase to satisfy your lusts;
nor is it willingly a stage for your
wickedness to be acted upon; the air
don’t willingly serve you for breath to
maintain the flame of life in your vitals,
while you spend your life in the service
of God’s enemies. God’s creatures are
good, and were made for men to serve
God with, and do not willingly subserve
to any other purpose, and groan when
they are abused to purposes so directly
contrary to their nature and end.” A
rebellious humanity antagonized the rest
of creation, “and the world would spew
you out, were it not for the sovereign
hand of him who hath subjected it in
hope.”
The just order of the cosmos
would rightly destroy humanity for its
willful rebellion against the order of the
whole, and the fact that this had not
already happened was the expression of
something like the self-restraining mercy
of a monarch who does not order the
execution of a traitor who has offended
the royal honor: “The bow of God’s
wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready
on the string, and Justice bends the
arrow at your heart, and strains the bow,
and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of
God, and that of an angry God, without
any promise or obligation at all, that
keeps the arrow one moment from being
made drunk with your blood.”
The Great Awakening was
coterminous and interactive with the
eighteenth century development of the
modern physical sciences, especially
building on the work of Isaac Newton
(1642-1727). Edwards’s assumptions
about the harmonious order of creation
combined the science of his day with the
aristocratic social order of eighteenthcentury
society. In warning the town of
Enfield that it had transgressed the
cosmic order, Williams was also
asserting that it had violated the societal
aspect of that order; as minister, he
called the town to task for both
violations.
Conclusion
Edwards imagined the
Newtonian universe as an aristocratic
social hierarchy held in harmony by
sovereign law, at once moral and natural.
Page | 108
In this hierarchy one member—the
human—had stepped beyond its
assigned place in the cosmic society and
now lived in an unwitting complacency,
ignoring the precarious finitude of a life
being pursued by a radical judgment:
“’tis nothing but [God’s] hand that holds
you from falling into the fire every
moment: ’tis to be ascribed to nothing
else, that you did not go to hell the last
night; that you was suffered to awake
again in this world, after you closed your
eyes to sleep: And there is no other
reason to be given, why you have not
dropped into hell since you arose in the
morning, but that God’s hand has held
you up.”
Like his contemporaries, the
deists and religiously inclined scientists
such as Newton himself, Jonathan
Edwards assumed the “Newtonian world
machine,” operating with the
metronomic regularity of natural law.
Presupposing both the science and the
aristocratic social hierarchy of his day,
Edward introduced anthropomorphic
language to create a clash between this
harmonious order and the willful selfinterest
of humans who dared to ignore
their proper rung on the ladder of
existence. As a preacher of penitence,
he carried his anthropomorphic imagery
to extravagant heights in order to induce
a reversal of behavior in a recalcitrant
town. The sermon effectively threatened
the people of Enfield with what
amounted to “metaphysical ostracism,”
an expulsion no less thoroughgoing than
the primordial ejection of Adam and Eve
from the garden. The palpable effect of
this imagery depended on the evocation
of the natural and social orders rising up
like, and yet unlike, an angry monarch to
crush rebels against the cosmic
commonwealth.
References
1 In the interests of clarity, I have
slightly rearranged and modernized this
quotation. It and all quotations from
Edwards’s sermon are taken from Jonathan
Edwards, Sermons and Discourses, 1739-
1742, ed. Harry S. Stout and Nathan O.
Hatch, with Kyle P. Farley, The Works of
Jonathan Edwards 22 (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2003), 404-18.
1 Social scientific analysis of the relation
between anthropomorphism and religion is
summarized by Steward Elliot Guthrie, who
argues “religion is anthropomorphism” in
his book Faces in the Clouds: A New
Theory of Religion (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1993), 178. The most
lucid and succinct historical treatment
remains Frank E. Manuel, The Eighteenth
Century Confronts the Gods (Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1959).
1 I have in mind such authors as John
William Draper, History of the Conflict
between Religion and Science (1874), and
Andrew Dickson White, A History of the
Warfare of Science with Theology in
Christendom (1896). For a more recent
example, see Richard Dawkins, The God
Delusion (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
2008).
1 Charles Taylor, A Secular Age
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
2007), 270-95.
1 For a sampling of relevant recent
work, see Philip Husbands, Owen Holland,
and Michael Wheeler, eds., The Mechanical
Mind in History (Cambridge: MIT Press,
2008); and Lorraine Daston and Gregg
Mitman, eds., Thinking with Animals: New
Perspectives on Anthropomorphism (New
York: Columbia University Press, 2005).
Ralph Waldo Emerson made the classic
American argument for the positive
reciprocity between the human and the
natural. This idea of mutuality takes a
different turn in our contemporary situation,
in which industrial and technological
Page | 109
advances have begun to alter the climate and
thereby blurred the boundary between the
human and the natural in another way. See
for examples of this phenomenon, Bill
McKibben, The End of Nature (New York:
Random House, 1989).
1 Nicholas Epley, Adam Waytz, and
John Cacioppo, “On Seeing Human: A
Three-Factor Theory of
Anthropomorphism,” Psychological Review
114 (2007): 864-86.
1 Sheldon Sacks, ed., On Metaphor
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1978); David Tracy, The Analogical
Imagination: Christian Theology and the
Culture of Pluralism (New York:
Crossroad, 1981).
1 Alain Besançon, The Forbidden
Image: An Intellectual History of
Iconoclasm, trans. Jane Marie Todd
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2000); Joseph Leo Korner, The Reformation
of the Image (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2004).
1 Merritt Y. Hughes, “Earth Felt the
Wound,” English Literary History 36
(1969): 193-214.
Page | 110
Personifications of God
Jonathan Edwards wrote during a
time in which monarchs reigned
supreme. Writing from this perspective,
he argued that the universe is a cosmic
society organized under the leadership of
a King of kings, a society against which
humans have rebelled and, as a
consequence, humans are at risk of
annihilation except for the mercy of the
King. Judgment day will come,
according to Edwards, and those who
have failed to meet their moral
responsibility to the directive of the
universe face eternal isolation. Clark
Gilpin notes that by conjuring up a
personified God – a God with emotions,
intentions, and the capacity to act –
Edwards instilled great fear and
trembling in his listeners that
presumably motivated them to change
their behaviors in the desired direction.
It is hard to imagine that Edwards would
have had comparable success had he
resorted to simple instructions or
exhortations to engage in certain
behaviors and avoid others. The innate
tendency of people to understand divine
entities in terms of what people do
understand, namely their own thoughts,
feelings, and beliefs, provided the
leverage on which Edwards relied to
drive his message home.
Tanya Luhrmann also discusses a
personalized construction of God – a
God with whom one can consult and
who intervenes in one’s daily life.
People are intrinsically motivated to
form social connections, and very little
in life is more rewarding to people than
their social relationships. Luhrmann,
who adopts the perspective of a
participant observer, finds that a new
evangelical Protestant movement, the
Vineyard Church, appeals to this
motivation to depict God as one’s
personal guide and friend, well within
one’s sensory reach. By conjuring up an
anthropomorphic God with loving
emotions, intentions, and actions, the
Vineyard Church creates a desire for a
personal relationship with God. But
developing a relationship with an
invisible God defies rationality. People
must learn how to transform an abstract
concept of an invisible God into a
concrete sensory presence in their lives.
Just as the social brain can perceive
nonhuman objects as human, the social
brain is also capable of selectively
attending to sensory experiences and
interpreting these sensations as God’s
presence.
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Chapter 12 12
How Does God Become Real
How does God become real to
people when God is understood to be
12 The lead author is Tanya Luhrmann, Ph.D., a
professor in the Stanford Anthropology
Department. Her interests include the social
shaping of psychological experience, and the
way that social practice may affect even the most
concrete ways in which people experience their
world, particularly in the domain of what some
would call the “irrational”. Her first project was
a detailed study of the way apparently reasonable
people come to believe apparently unreasonable
beliefs (“Persuasions of the Witch’s Craft”,
Harvard, 1989). Her second project explored the
apparently irrational self-criticism of a
postcolonial India elite, the result of colonial
identification with the colonizers (“The Good
Parsi”, Harvard 1996). Her third book identified
two cultures within the American profession of
psychiatry and examined the way these different
cultures encouraged two different forms of
empathy and two different understandings of
mental illness (“Of Two Minds”, Knopf, 2000).
She trained at the University of Cambridge (PhD
1986), and taught for many years at the
University of California San Diego. Prior to
moving to Stanford she was the Max Palevsky
Professor and a director of the Clinical
Ethnography project in the Department of
Comparative Human Development at the
University of Chicago.
Religion is often understood as a matter
of belief: a yes/no proposition. This essay
suggests that it may be more helpful, and more
accurate, to understand religious commitment as
a response to sensory experience that can be
learned, and that the capacity to learn depends
upon one’s knowledge and belief, one’s
proclivity for experiencing the world in
particular ways, and the impact of devotional
practice.
invisible and immaterial, as God is
within the Christian tradition? This is not
the question of whether God is real, but
rather how people learn to make the
judgment that God is present. Such a
God is not accessible to the senses.
When you talk to that God, you can
neither see his face nor hear his voice.
You cannot touch him. How can you be
confident that he is there?
Anthropology cannot answer the
question of whether God is real. But the
traditional method of the discipline,
participant observation, can use the
slow, careful method of fieldwork to
explore the way that people learn to
experience God as present in their lives.
And what the method can teach us is that
this often intensely private and personal
relationship between a creature and its
creator is built through a profoundly
social process.
In fact, one of anthropology’s
most useful contributions to
understanding the experience of God is
to draw attention to just how much work
faith takes, and to the fact that different
kinds of faith—and different
understandings of God—demand
different kinds of work. Many who do
not believe in God approach the question
of religious belief as the problem of why
people should believe in the existence of
an invisible, intentional agent in their
world. One of the more persuasive
recent answers emerges from the
observation that many of our cognitive
traits evolved to help us survive.
Evolutionary anthropologists and
psychologists argue that belief in
invisible beings is an accidental
byproduct of the way our minds have
evolved over the millennia. Our quick,
effortless, automatic intuitions lead us to
“anthropomorphize,” or to see faces in
the clouds, as one scholar puts it. From
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this perspective, people believe in God
because it is so easy to believe in
invisible supernatural presence, and the
great religions are elaborations around
this basic core. 1
Belief in the Invisible
Yet it is also true that in many
ways it is hard for people to believe in
the invisible, intentional being of God, at
least in some ways and at some times. It
is one thing to believe in the abstract that
there is a good and loving God; it is
another thing to believe that this God
loves you in particular this very
afternoon when your car has broken
down in the rain. Many Christians
struggle at some point with whether God
exists or with whether they understand
God’s nature. A young man may come
to university as a devout Christian, take
a course on religion, and begin to
wonder whether Christ as well as
Krishna are cultural constructions. A
depressed woman may understand
herself as devout, but find that when she
sits down to pray she feels that no one is
listening to her prayers. And always
there are times when terrible things
happen to good and faithful people who
often continued to believe in God in the
abstract, but who find that they can not
longer pray at all. The struggle between
espoused religion (the religion one
asserts; the Nicene creed) and lived
religion (the way in which one
experiences God from moment to
moment) is central to the life of the
Christian, and perhaps to the lives of
most believers.
The problem for believers is that
to experience the Christian God as
present, one must override three basic
features of human psychology, features
that are also part of our evolutionary
inheritance. A person must override the
expectation that our minds are private,
an expectation so substantial that
researchers have shown that it develops
around the world at a more or less
similar age and can be found even in
non-human primates. A person must
override the expectation that persons are
visible. And finally, a person must
override the expectation that love is
conditional, as it is for all social beings
beyond a certain age, when right
behavior is expected as a condition of
human interaction. At least, some
versions of Christianity expect
unconditional love.
The deep puzzle of faith is not
why but how. How is it possible that
people are able to violate such
fundamental expectations of presence?
The answer, in part, is that they do not.
For most Christians, it will be a lifelong
process to believe in all times and in all
ways that their God is real for them in
the way that their church tells them that
God is real. As the psalmist laments:
“how long wilt thou forget me, Oh Lord?
For ever? How long wilt thou hide thy
face from me?” (Psalm 13: 1). What they
do to make God plausible for them
depends upon their understanding of
God and on what the social world of a
faith teaches about how to experience
their minds and bodies to find evidence
for God’s presence.
Learning to Sense the Presence of God
In 2004 I set out to study
ethnographically the way God becomes
real for people in a church that would
exacerbate the cognitive burden of
belief. I chose an example of the new
Protestant church that grew up after the
1960s. 2 Those churches set out as an
invitation to experience God as
concretely and as vividly as God had
been experienced by the earliest
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Christian disciples. This God is both
intensely human and intensely
supernatural. In these churches, God is
understood as so person-like that he
becomes someone to joke and argue
with, someone one chats to when
walking down the street, about the little
trivial things that matter only to the
congregant. Coming to know God in
such a church is described as to hear
God “speak.” Dallas Willard, a beloved
evangelical’s intellectual, puts it baldly:
that God’s face-to-face conversations
with Moses are the “normal human life
God intended for us.” I conducted
ethnographic fieldwork at a church that
exemplifies this approach to God, a
Vineyard Christian Fellowship in
Chicago and then on the San Francisco
peninsula (there were eight such
churches in Chicago and four on the
peninsula). For three years I went to
Sunday morning gatherings. I joined
three small groups, or housegroups, each
for a year; I went to conferences and
retreats; and I interviewed many
congregants casually and also more
formally about the way they experienced
God.
Overall, what I observed was that
the process of coming to know God in
such a church could best be described as
a mapping process in which the
congregants learn to use the familiar
experience of their own minds and
bodies to give content to the abstract
experience of God. This is the way that
humans learn most commonplace
abstract words, in effect cognitively
mapping from what we know to what we
can only imagine. God speaks: so
congregants learn to infer from their own
experience of inner speech the way in
which God talks to them. God relates: so
congregants learn to imagine a
relationship with God based on their
own experience of relationship. And
God loves: and congregants use their
own experience of being loved by a
human as an example of the way they
are loved by God. But unlike learning
about time, congregants also map back.
They build up a model of God by
interpreting out of their own familiar
experience into a representation shaped
by the social world of the church and the
narrative of the sacred text, and then
they seek to re-map their own interior
emotional experience by matching it to
this representation. This demands
constant effort, continual work on the
way one pays attention and interprets
one’s experience. As an ethnographer, I
could see three kinds of work.
First, God must be recognized as
present. What congregants learn to do is
to cherry-pick mental events out of the
everyday flow of their awareness, and to
identify that moment as other than
themselves, as being of God. God was
said to speak in several different ways.
He spoke through the Bible, so that a
verse “jumped out” at a congregant, or in
some way drew their attention. For
example:
“I was reading in [some book] and I
don’t even know why I was reading it.
There’s a part where God talks about
raising up elders in the church to pray
for the church. And I remember, it just
stuck in my head and I knew that the
verse was really important and that it
was applicable to me. I didn’t know
why. It was one of those, let me put it in
my pocket and figure it out later.” How
did she know that it was important?
“Because I just felt it. I just felt like it
really spoke to me. I don’t really know
why. And a couple of days later a friend
asked me to be on the prayer team and it
was like, wow, that’s what it was.”
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God spoke also through circumstances.
What a skeptic might interpret as
coincidence is understood as God’s
intentional decision to direct the
congregant’s attention. For example:
“Everything in my life right now is
focused on trying to get to England, and
I needed to get some ID pictures. So I
was really anxious—the money hasn’t
really come together—and one afternoon
I just felt like God said, you need to get
up and go get those. Go get those ID
pictures that you need. I was like, that’s
totally inefficient. I don’t have a car, so
it’s like walking half an hour to
Walgreens and another half an hour
back. Like, I could do this later and
combine it with several things I need to
get done. But I felt it was a step of faith
to do this thing. So I did it—grumbling.
Then on the way there and back I ran
into three people I knew, and I felt that
there was a kind of pattern, and that I
was in the right place at the right time.”
These ways of recognizing God are
widely shared in many forms of
Christianity. More specific to
experiential evangelical Christianity is
the expectation that God will speak
directly into the mind, by placing a
mental image or thought or sensation
there. For example:
“I’m praying for someone and, you
know, they say their situation, what they
want me to pray for. I start praying and
start trying to, you know, really
experience God, and, you know, I see
these vivid images, and I’m explaining
these vivid images and what I think they
mean and, you know, sort of checking in
with the person, you know, does this
resonate with you? They’re like “oh, my
gosh, yes! How did you know that?”
Most congregants find this process of
pulling out specific thoughts and
ascribing them to God baffling at first:
again, the process violates the basic
human experience that the mind is
private. A congregant commented: “now
I know that the ‘something’ is God,
God’s voice. But I didn’t at all have
words to describe it at that time I didn’t
understand. It was very confusing.”
The social world of the church
taught specific ways to differentiate
between mental events that are God and
that are not. This technique has been
taught in the church since the earliest
time as “discernment,” although the
content of the word and its rules has
varied with the era. In the modern
experiential evangelical church, the rules
of discernment are more often taught by
example and gossip than explicitly.
Nevertheless, there appeared to be four
principles. A thought might be said to
come from God if: the thought was
unexpected; the thought was consonant
with God’s nature; the congregant had
additional confirmation (one “tested” the
thought); and one felt peace during the
experience. The process was understood
to be ambiguous, and left room not only
for the congregant to be wrong, but for
different congregants to disagree about
whether God had, in fact, spoken in a
particular manner. One afternoon, a
woman spoke in front of the church
explaining that God had spoken to her
and told her that she should carry out
some mission work in a lovely part of
Mexico. The man sitting next to me said
drily, “God sure wants a lot of
evangelizing in Puerto Vallarta.”
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Second, God must be
experienced in relationship. Such
churches invite congregants to
experience God in their imaginations as
a person. Again, this violates a basic
psychological expectation: persons have
faces to observe and hands to shake.
Human relational interactions are based
on sensorial response. Churches like the
Vineyard explicitly suggest that one
should imagine a sensorial response
from God and encouraged congregants
to participate in a kind of let’s pretend
play in which God was present. The
pastor suggested one Sunday morning
that congregants should put out a second
cup of coffee for God, and sit down with
him to chat. People went on “date night”
with God. They would get a sandwich,
and sit down on park bench to talk with
God as they imagined his arm around
their shoulders. They would ask God
truly trivial questions like what shirt they
should wear in the morning and what
movie he thought they would like. These
behaviors were clearly play-like. One
congregant remarked: “I definitely do
that. When I can’t decide what to wear.
Like, God, what should I wear?” Then
she laughed. “And you know, then I kind
of forget about the fact that I asked God.
I think God cares about really, really
little things in my life. I mean I know
God cares, but I don’t expect him to tell
me what to wear. I’m like, Oh, I think
I’ll wear that and forget I even asked
God!” This invitation to play was C.S.
Lewis’ explicit contribution to twentieth
century Christianity: “let us pretend to
turn the pretense into a reality.” In
churches which encourage such play,
heresy fades in importance. The pastors
and the committed congregants worry
about “deadness,” not flawed imagining.
Third, congregants must learn to
respond emotionally to God as if God is
real. If God is real, a Christian (at least,
the modern evangelical Christian) should
experience the emotions that one would
feel if one were loved unconditionally.
Most do not. It is, in fact, difficult for
humans to experience themselves as
unconditionally loved because no matter
how warm and loving a parent may be,
at some point the child is expected to
control his or her behavior and parental
love will becomes contingent. The task
of feeling unconditionally loved imposes
upon the congregant not only the burden
of identifying and relating to an invisible
being, but experiencing emotions in
response to that being’s love which the
congregant rarely, if ever, truly
experiences. Congregants talk about the
experience of unconditional love as rare:
they speak of “those moments” when
one really feels God’s love.
I was driving home from grocery
shopping in the car and I stopped at a
light and suddenly for no reason that I
could come up with, I was weeping and I
felt a massive and awesome sense of the
presence of God in the car with me. It
just came and I had absolutely no control
over it. I pulled over to the side of the
road—I remember thinking that I was so
in love with Jesus at that moment that no
one else on the planet could come close.
After about twenty minutes of real
intensity the feeling subsided somewhat,
but the presence of Jesus stayed with me.
I drove home not really ever able to fully
express what happened without sounding
like I’d taken something illegal.
The more immediate aim seemed to be
to experience what Galatians 5:22-23
calls the “fruits of the spirit”: love, joy,
peace, patience and so forth. The social
life of the church was rich in emotional
practices which sought to reshape the
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congregants’ interior emotional world by
modeling the self on God, or on the self
as seen from God’s loving perspective.
One of the most important was prayer
ministry, where the person for whom the
prayer is given is often crying and in
visible pain; those around the person are
offering prayers which describe the ways
in which the sobbing person is loved by
God. Another was treating prayer like a
psychotherapy session. One congregant
explained: “It’s just like talking to a
therapist, especially in the beginning
when you’re revealing things that are
deep in your heart and deep in your soul,
the things that have been pushed down
and denied.” In these churches which
emphasize God’s love and intimacy, hell
and fear largely disappear.
The central demand of these
learning practices is to use one’s own
mental experience as evidence and
content for the responsive presence of
this God, who is believed to be other
than oneself, and to use pretend play to
integrate those mental events into a
representation that is persuasively
external to the self. The emotional
practices provide both direct evidence of
God’s love and, more generally,
evidence that participation in church is
satisfying and worthwhile. In effect the
process asks the congregants to carve
God out of their own experience and to
experience those phenomena as other;
and it uses the emotional practices taught
by the church and the social world of the
congregation to help them hold that God
separate and apart and lovingly
responsive.
This is hard work to do, and not
everyone was able to do it, or to do it
easily. Here two congregants describe
their difficulty in experiencing God
directly despite their efforts.
Jake: “I remember desperately wanting
to draw closer to God, and [to have] one
of these inspired Holy Spirit moments …
I wanted those [experiences] and I
sought them out, but I never found
myself encountering them”
Irene: “I don’t understand the gift of
prophecy completely. I’ll probably
never will and I don’t have it and I don’t
want it because it would scare me.”
Here is another congregant who has been
able to do so:
Nora: “It was pretty early on in my
relationship with him. I was just all full
of myself one morning. I just had
wonderful devotions and worships and
just felt so close. I went out, and it was
the most god-awful day. It was icy rain
and gray and cold and it was sleeting.
I’m just full of the joy of the Lord, and I
say, “God, I praise you that it isn’t
snowing, and that nothing’s
accumulating, and that the streets aren’t
icy”—and then I went around the corner,
and I hit a patch of ice, and just about
went down. It was so funny to me. I just
burst out laughing out loud. It was just
so funny that he would put me in my
place in such a slapstick personal kind of
way. But then he just graced me the rest
of the morning. The bus showed up right
away, which it never does. I was
reading, and I missed my stop to get off,
and I heard God say, “Get off the bus.” I
looked up and hollered, and the bus
actually stopped, half a block on, to let
me get off. I just felt that intimacy all
morning. Like when you go from
holding a new boyfriend’s hand to
kissing him goodnight ….”
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Some people experience God speaking
directly to them in an easy relationship.
Others do not.
As a result of my involvement
with the Templeton group, I decided to
carry out some quantitative and
experimental work to see whether we
could figure out the differences between
those who found it easy to do this work,
and those for whom it was difficult. That
work suggests that there is a
psychological capacity that makes the
process of knowing this kind of God
easier, though its absence does not
prevent religious experience, and its
presence does not predict it. It is the
capacity for absorption, which is at the
heart of imagination. Absorption is the
capacity to focus one’s attention on a
non-instrumental (and often internal)
object while disattending to everyday
exterior surrounds. Absorption is related
to hypnosis and dissociation, but not
identical to either. All of us go into light
absorption states when we settle into a
book and let the story carry us away.
There are no known physiological
markers of an absorption state, but as the
absorption grows deeper, the person
becomes more difficult to distract, and
his sense of time and agency begins to
shift. He lives within his imagination
more, whether that be simple
mindfulness or elaborate fantasy, and he
feels that the experience happens to him,
that he is a bystander to his own
awareness, more himself than ever
before, or perhaps absent, but in any
case different. And as the absorption
grows deeper, people often experience
more imagery and more sensory
phenomena, sometimes with
hallucinatory vividness. Scholars do not
discuss training in absorption, although
researchers of hypnosis and dissociation
are clear that some kind of practice
effects can be seen. 3
Conclusion
Prayer is basically training in
absorption, at least the kind of prayer in
which the person praying focuses
inwardly and disattends to the everyday
world in order to engage with God. It
would be hard to over-estimate the
importance placed on prayer and prayer
experience in a church like this and
indeed, in Christian America today.
Many of the best-selling Christian books
are books on prayer technique, and they
sell in the millions. Such books often
begin by presenting the concrete sensory
experience of God described in the
Hebrew Bible as the everyday
relationship for which the ordinary
believer should strive. In these manuals,
the act of praying is understood as a skill
that has to be deliberately learned. I
discovered that these evangelical
congregants assumed that prayer was a
skill which had to be taught, that it was
hard, that not everyone was good at it,
and that those who were naturally good
and well trained would experience
changes associated with a more richly
developed inner world. Their mental
images would seem sharper; they would
be more likely to report unusual sensory
experiences. They would be more able,
in short, to experience God. The more
quantitative work—done in
collaboration with Howard Nusbaum
and Ron Thisted--suggests that those
who have a proclivity for absorption and
who trained that proclivity through
prayer are indeed more able to
accomplish the demanding learning that
this concept of God sets out. 4 They are
more able to identify God’s presence in
their mind. They are more likely to
experience God as an invisible
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companion. They may be more capable
of responding to God emotionally.
All theologies have trade-offs.
This one offers an intensely personal and
person-like God. He can comfort, like a
friend, and respond directly, like a
friend. He can be like a real social
relationship for those who make the
effort to experience him in this way. But
because that social relationship lacks so
many features of actual human
sociality—no visible body, no
responsive face, no spoken voice—such
a theology demands a great deal of effort
from those who follow it. They must
constantly work with their attention,
reinterpreting the ordinary and natural
into the presence of the extra-ordinary
and super-natural. Faiths which manage
God differently—less personal, more
present in the everyday natural world—
make fewer demands on their followers’
attentional habits. But it may be,
perhaps, that such a God may be easier
to take for granted. Paradoxically, it may
be that this high-maintenance, effortful
God appeals to so many modern people
(as many as a quarter of all Americans,
according to a recent Pew study)
precisely because the work demanded
makes the God feel more real in a world
in which disbelief is such a real social
option.
References
1
Scholars who contribute to this
perspective include Scott Atran, Justin
Barrett, Pascal Boyer, Stewart Guthrie,
and Harvey Whitehouse.
2
These churches have been described by
Miller, D. 1997. Reinventing American
Protestantism. Berkeley: University of
California; see also Wuthnow, R. 1998.
After heaven: spirituality in America
since the 1950s. Berkeley: University of
California Press. A survey by the Pew
Foundation 2006 (Pew, 2006, Spirit and
Power: Ten nation survey. Pew Forum
on Religion and Public Life) found that
23% of all Americans belong to a
loosely similar style of “renewalist
Christianity.”
3
Good summaries of work on hypnosis
and dissociation, with some reference to
absorption, can be found in Spiegel, H.
and D. Spiegel. 2004[1978], Trance and
treatment. New York: Basic Books;
Seligman, R. and L. Kirmayer. 2008,
“Dissociative experience and cultural
neuroscience.” Culture, Medicine and
Psychiatry 32(1): 31-64; and Butler, L.
2006, “Normative dissociation.”
Psychiatric Clinics of North America.
29: 45-62.
4 The empirical work is presented in
Luhrmann, T., H. Nusbaum and R.
Thisted. 2010. “The absorption
hypothesis.” American Anthropologist.
March; cf. Tellegen, A. and G. Atkinson.
1974, “Openness to absorption and self
altering experiences (“absorption”), a
trait related to hypnotic susceptibility.”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:
268-277
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Belief and Connection
We tend to think of beliefs as
wisps of the mind that have no power in
the material world. However, as Gary
Berntson and Louise Hawkley have
discussed, beliefs can affect our health
even to the extent of determining life
and death. As Tanya Luhrmann
discusses, in some forms of Christianity,
there is a real belief in the presence of
God. This is not simply a belief of God
in the world, but a belief of a God who is
by one’s side. The idea of God as a
friend and companion clearly motivates
the desire to make such a presence
manifest in tangible ways. For some, it is
the sense of God with which they
commune, for others it is what they
believe to be a sensory experience of
God that they seek. Luhrmann outlines
how this belief, coupled with a
supportive social structure, can lead to
powerful personal experiences, such as
hearing the voice of God, reflecting the
operation of our social brains.
Our sense of social connection is
not dependent on a single set of religious
beliefs, however. In human social
connections, we can form individual
relationships with a spouse or friends
but, as John Cacioppo outlined, there are
other kinds of connections that our social
brain seeks, as well. We seek
connections with emergent structures
such as groups, clubs, teams,
congregations, and beyond. Kathryn
Tanner argues that the belief that God
created the world and bears causal
responsibility for it serves to connect
believers to life in a broader way than is
provided through individual
relationships. This broader connection to
life does not depend on the manifestation
of a presence to whom we can talk
because the evidence of social
connection is apparent in the very fabric
of daily existence. Thus, whereas
Luhrmann discusses God as a palpable
friend that one can learn to attend to and
experience as an active presence in one’s
life, Tanner discusses God as the
initiator of life and the very fabric of
existence, a presence so ubiquitous that
there is no specific point on which one
can focus to attend to or experience God.
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Chapter 13 13
Theological Perspectives on God as an
Invisible Force
An individual’s beliefs about
God are one factor to be included in a
multi-dimensional investigation of the
social consequences and possible health
benefits of religion, an aid in particular
13 The lead author is Kathryn Tanner, Ph.D., the
Dorothy Grant Maclear Professor of Theology at
the University of Chicago Divinity School. Her
research relates the history of Christian thought
to areas of contemporary theological concern
using critical, social, and feminist theory, with a
special focus on the possible practical
implications of Christian beliefs and symbols.
She has lectured widely throughout the United
States and Europe, and is the author of six books:
God and Creation in Christian Theology:
Tyranny or Empowerment? (1988, Blackwell);
The Politics of God (1992, Fortress); Theories of
Culture: A New Agenda for Theology (1997,
Fortress); Jesus, Humanity and the Trinity (2001,
Continuum and Fortress Press); Economy of
Grace (2005, Fortress); and Christ the Key
(2010, Cambridge).
Christian beliefs are not just theoretical
matters, involving putative truth claims about the
nature of ultimate reality, but practical ones:
Christian beliefs are often promulgated with the
hope of impacting the way human beings live, by
establishing, for example, the meaningfulness of
and motivations for certain forms of social
behavior. Prior research has concerned the
possible economic, social and political
consequences of Christian beliefs about God's
relation to the world. This essay extends such
questioning to the topic of perceived social
isolation. How might belief in God as an
invisible force in everyday life affect an
individual's sense of social connection?
to scientific hypothesis generation. x
Scientists can better test for the social
and health consequences of religious
commitment when they know more
about the character and range of beliefs
about God that such commitment brings.
This chapter hopes to show, in
particular, that exactly what Christians
believe about the nature of God’s
influence on their lives is likely to have
an important bearing on one of the
questions of this volume: How can
religion encourage a sense of connection
to others, especially in situations of
perceived social isolation, and thereby
assuage the adverse health consequences
of loneliness?
Depending on what they think
God is like, Christians vary in the way
they expect God to be a present
influence on their daily lives. God’s
nature is supernatural or transcendent,
which means God is not very much like
any of the ordinary persons or things
with which they come into regular
contact. Christians use the same terms
for God that they use for talking about
ordinary persons and things but they
therefore know that neither set of terms
is really adequate to capture who or what
God is. On the one hand, God is
something like a human being in that
God loves them and wants to do them
good, and in that God is unhappy with
their failings and trying, through the use
of carrots and sticks, to get them to
change. But, on the other hand, God is
really not very much like an ordinary
human being in that God is present at all
times and everywhere, working
inexorably to bring about what God
intends throughout the entirety of
peoples’ lives by way of influences of
both personal and impersonal sorts--for
example, through personal words of
advice and warning found in the Bible as
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well as apparent accidents of fortune like
car crashes and the weather. Though
retaining personal characteristics such as
love or anger, God operates less like an
individual human person with limited
reach and partial interests, and more like
light, air or gravity do—quite
pervasively and constantly.
Usually one side or the other
comes to the fore in the way Christians
feel connected to God: for some
Christians the personal side of God is
central; for others, the more impersonal.
Thus, some Christians expect God to be
very much like a human friend, offering
companionship and good advice. xi As
Tanya Luhrmann explores in her essay,
their religious lives often revolve around
the internal sensory or imaginative
experiences that make a God of that sort
seem real to them--the sense that God is
in the room with them, that God speaks
to them, and so on. They work to
cultivate a prayer life that heightens the
vividness of those experiences and
thereby allays doubts about the actual
existence of this invisible, otherwise
seemingly unreal, divine friend. In short,
good practitioners of prayer gain a
stronger and more reliable sense that
God is present as a friend directing the
course of their lives.
Other Christians have
expectations of a more overarching and
impersonal sort about the way God is a
force in their lives; these expectations, I
suggest below, are the consequence of
their holding certain beliefs about God
as the creator, sustainer, and savior of
the world. In this case a strong sense of
God’s presence in one’s life does not
depend on having experiences of a
literally personal sort or on developing
the spiritual practices that help cultivate
such experiences. The sense that God is
present as an influence on one’s life is
rather something one feels all the time
simply in virtue of the beliefs one holds
about God and the world. Given a
particular construal of those beliefs—a
relatively impersonal one, I argue—
simply having those beliefs in mind,
with some awareness of their quite
obvious presuppositions and
implications, makes clear one is never
alone, never a self-sufficient operator. In
contrast to the understanding of God as
friend, here God’s invisibility does not
threaten to interrupt a sense of God’s
presence and influence. God’s
invisibility to the contrary enables the
sense of God’s presence and influence to
be the routine backdrop of all one’s
experience, to constitute a general
outlook on the world, no matter what the
circumstances.
Belief in Creation as a Backdrop to
the Whole of Life
For example, a common
Christian construal of the belief that God
is the creator of the world makes it
possible for the sense that God is with
one—one’s supporter and sustainer—to
be a constant feature of one’s life as a
whole. Contrary to first impressions,
God’s creation of the world need not
refer to the origin of the universe, or to
the beginning of its more specific
features or components. Were either to
be its meaning, belief in God as the
creator of the world could not be a very
central component of a generally
applicable Christian outlook, of much
relevance, that is, for more than the
occasional speculation about origins:
e.g., why am I here at all? The belief
concerns instead a causal dependence
upon God of a more continuous sort,
spanning, in short, the whole time of the
universe’s existence and therefore the
whole time of one’s individual life. To
be created by God is to exist in a relation
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of dependence upon God for what one is,
However, long one exists. xii A human
being therefore depends upon God for
more than the fact of his or her birth: he
or she remains dependent upon God in
the same way ever after. God’s creation
of the world in general is simply not
temporally indexed; it is no more closely
associated with the beginning of things
than with what comes later. A
preoccupation with temporal origins
therefore commonly drops out of
Christian accounts of creation: the world
is just as dependent upon God for its
existence whether it has a beginning or
always exists. xiii Belief in God’s creation
of the world for these reasons blurs into
belief in God’s supportive maintenance
of it at every point in time.
Also enabling belief in God as
creator to form a general backdrop to all
one’s experience—to be relevant on
every occasion as a universally
applicable worldview--is the fact that
God is thought to be responsible as
creator for the whole of what happens in
the world at any one time. To believe
that God is the creator of the world is at
the very least to believe that God holds
into existence the entirety of the world in
any and all respects in which it is good.
In the case of one’s own life, therefore,
every aspect of value at every moment—
one’s existence, fine qualities and
capacities, enjoyments and
achievements, beneficial connections
with natural and social environments,
and so on—is to be attributed to God’s
agency as creator. While there is a good
deal of disagreement within Christianity
on this matter, Christians, moreover, not
uncommonly affirm that God is equally
behind the bad things that happen, at
least insofar as those bad things can be
turned to good account--for example,
harm suffered turned into a salutary
pedagogical correction, just punishment
for sin, the necessary testing of one’s
faith, or simply a beneficial form of
sympathy with God’s own suffering on
the cross. For both the general reasons
just mentioned—because of its holism
and temporal inclusiveness--belief in
God as the creator of the world
encourages love, gratitude, and trust
toward God, and toward the world that
God brings about, as constant Christian
dispositions, basic Christian attitudes of
wide-ranging applicability, whatever
might be going on in one’s life.
Social Connectedness and Invisibility
The same all-inclusive causal
dependence upon God at all times is
what ensures individuals are never left
on their own, never abandoned to their
own devices. Christian theologians
(especially in the Protestant tradition)
usually develop the psychological
implications of this in terms of avoiding
either anxious or arrogant selfconcern.
xiv According to this theology,
one does not believe he or she ever
operates independently of God.
Therefore, one should never attribute
successes and achievements in a prideful
way to oneself, but rather one should
always give the glory to God as their
ultimate source. For the same reason,
one should never despair of failings, as if
one’s own inadequacies were the last
word; one believes a supremely
powerful and loving influence, God,
remains an operative force in one’s life,
However, desperate the situation
otherwise appears to be from the
standpoint of one’s own powers and
capacities to improve one’s lot in life.
By discouraging isolated selfregard
or self-understanding generally,
the same nexus of Christian ideas about
God as creator has clear consequences
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for loneliness or perceived social
isolation. Because they believe
themselves to be creatures of God,
Christians feel related to God whatever
happens. Whatever their social
circumstances--no matter, at the
extreme, how isolated or strong their
feelings of abandonment by human
others--individuals are to remember that
they remain in a relationship with God,
who is concerned about them. Even
when they feel themselves utterly
forsaken by others, Christians have
reason to believe God cannot be
forsaking them. They can believe they
are never alone even when they appear
to be absolutely so. In such
circumstances, Christians can always
avail themselves of a completely
counterfactual sense of social connection
with the best-connected “superfriend” of
all—the God who remains, they believe,
in a relationship of ultimately beneficial
causal efficacy with not just themselves
but everyone and everything.
It is the very unapparent,
counterfactual character of God’s
influence on human lives—the
invisibility of God’s influence, in short--
that permits Christians to perceive their
relationship with God as an unbreakable
constant. Because God’s influence is
unapparent or invisible Christians can
continue to believe God is operative for
creation’s benefit in the absence of any
of the obvious confirming evidence
required in ordinary cases of beneficent
human influence. Christians who believe
that God is a universal influence for
good as the world’s creator do not
expect God to be present in the way one
expects a human person to be; and
therefore God’s apparent absence, in
human terms, need not break down their
sense of being in relation to God.
Having God as one’s creator (in
the best case scenario) is like having a
perfectly loving human benefactor; but it
is the unusual invisibility of this
benefactor that allows Christians to think
God present even when not apparently
so. Being in a relationship with God for
Christians who believe God is a good
creator is something like being in a
relationship with a human person who
never lets one out of her sight and who
intends one’s good comprehensively. It
is, for example, very like being in a
relationship with a loving parent who is
fully responsible, not just for the fact of
one’s existence, but in a comprehensive
way for one’s nurturance throughout an
extended minority. Unlike a relationship
with an ordinary human person of that
sort, however, God is believed to be
invisible and this is what allows
individuals to assume God’s constant
presence, all appearances to the contrary.
The invisibility that underlies the
Christian affirmation of God’s constancy
here is a function of the very diffuseness
of God’s influence, a diffuseness of
influence no human person, invisible or
otherwise, could possibly match. Belief
in God as the creator of the world does
not encourage one to single out God as
the cause of any specific happening in a
way that suggests God is one cause
among many, the cause of this particular
happening rather than some other with a
different cause. Belief in God as the
creator of the world does not allow one
to identify God’s influence in overly
close fashion with any particular causal
influence of a beneficent sort. Instead, as
I have suggested, whatever is of benefit
to the individual, over the long or short
term, taken as a whole, is to be attributed
to God’s influence.
The Christian cannot, then, locate
or pick out God as one could a loving
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parent from within the field of variously
operative forces or influences on one’s
life, and for that reason the Christian
need neither fear God’s loss nor rue
God’s absence as one would such a
parent’s. Unlike relations with human
others, which are situation-sensitive and
thereby susceptible to change of
character, rupture, and decline, God,
Christians believe, is with one, whatever
happens, in exactly the same capacity--
as the creator and sustainer of whatever
it is that remains good about one’s life,
be that only at a minimum the bare fact
that one continues to live. The Christian
who believes God is his or her creator is
therefore confident that God continues to
work for his or her ultimate good, that
God is engaged in the effort to increase
it, whatever the impediments in human
life suggesting the contrary, absent, that
is, almost any confirming evidence.
The Problem of Inattention
Although invisibility and
apparent absence do not pose the same
problem here as they do when God is
one’s friend, this rather more impersonal
understanding of God’s influence as
creator and sustainer has its own
problem maintaining a strong sense of
connection to God. The diffuseness of
influence that lies behind God’s constant
invisible presence can prompt simple
Christian inattention to God. The very
monotony of the always pertinent
Christian affirmation that everything is
to be attributed to God can make that
affirmation recede from focal awareness,
make it fail to come focally to mind.
Belief in God’s uniform presence would
thereby become functionally
indistinguishable from the sense of
God’s absence. The invisibility of God
that follows from a belief in the
comprehensiveness of God’s influence
simply means in that case that God drops
out of sight and mind, drops out of
Christian consideration for most intents
and purposes, most of the time. Such a
God has little to offer as a “para-social”
entity, as a factor fomenting or
supplementing a sense of social
connection.
In the back of their minds
Christians may believe that God is the
source of everything, but they may not
feel compelled to consider that fact
actively in the course of their everyday
lives. God hides behind, so to speak, all
the creaturely influences that God is
working through, which become matters
of primary Christian preoccupation. At
the center of attention are all the
ordinary influences and connections with
one’s natural and human environments;
preoccupation with them pushes out of
focal awareness the fact of God as the
ultimate source of them all. Apart from
specifically religious obligations—say,
the demand to give God thanks and
praise at times of worship—Christians
who believe God is their creator would
have no particular reason to dwell on
that fact.
Christian theologians commonly
tie this sort of practical worry--about
what from a Christian point of view
amounts to sinful neglect of one’s
connection to God--to the understanding
of double agency in the account of
creation I sketched above. xv According
to that account, it is true, God’s
influence on human life does not have to
go by way of the human and natural
causal powers and influences on human
life that God creates; God can influence
human life without producing sufficient
created causes for what God wants to
happen in human life. (The Christian
claim that Jesus was resurrected from the
dead—an event without natural causes--
is a case in point, one that Christians are
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usually very reluctant to give up.) But
part and parcel of the account of creation
is the suggestion that God ordinarily
influences human life by bringing about
the very natural and human influences
that shape it. In general, because God
influences the world as its creator, God’s
working does not begin where created
causes break off; God works, instead, in
and through the created causes that God
brings about. Christians are therefore
able to give a double account of most
happenings in the world: one that
discusses what has happened in terms of
the coordinated created powers and
activities sufficient to explain it within
the created order; and one that talks
about God’s creative activity in bringing
about those same coordinated created
powers, activities, and their
consequences in their totality. It is the
sufficiency of the explanation in terms of
created causes—the self-containment of
that explanation within its own order—
that allows human beings to attend to the
created order without taking into account
the relationship of dependence upon God
that is its presupposition.
The temptation to lapse into
habitual obliviousness of one’s
relationship with God is easily
countered, however, by other beliefs
about God that Christians hold.
Christians do not just believe that God is
the creator and sustainer of the universe,
but believe a lot of other things about
God. For example, the common
Christian belief that God acts as more
than a creator in individual lives helps to
counter obliviousness to God. God does
not merely act as creator by giving
individuals the created gifts that make
them what they are—for example, their
own capacities and operations, the
ability to influence and be influenced by
their human and natural environments,
and so on. God also acts to give them
God’s very presence—by way, for
example, of their relationship with Christ
who Christians believe is God in human
flesh. The very presence of God in
human life means one’s relationship
with God cannot be ignored. The created
causes and influences, through which
God also influences human life,
consequently no longer have the same
capacity to distract human attention from
God.
Christians often believe,
moreover, that God’s direction of human
life by way of God’s own presence to or
within it is no optional matter: God’s
presence forms an essential component
of human life. In addition to created
capacities and influences brought about
by God, God’s presence is necessary for
ordinary human capacities to operate as
they should. xvi To be morally good, for
example, requires not just virtuous
capacities of one’s own, given to one by
God, but the presence of the Holy Spirit
within one. Knowing well requires not
just the formation of good ideas through
the usual human processes of
investigating one’s environment—the
entirety of which has its source in a good
creator God--but also a mind informed
by the very Word of God. And so on.
Such beliefs imply that attention
to God’s presence, some sort of Goddirectedness,
should be a constant
feature of an individual’s everyday,
ordinary life, in order for that life to be
lived well. The individual Christian is
accordingly given a reason to bring to
mind his or her relationship with God,
motivated to attend to that relationship
as much as possible, indeed, in the effort
to lead a better life. An active Godreference
becomes part of a prospective,
goal-oriented process of self-reformation
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in accord with what is believed to be
God’s intentions for one.
Beliefs like this about God’s
presence as a constituent feature of
human operations are at times
incorporated by Christians within an
account of creation: God’s presence to
or within them is then believed to be an
element of what God as the creator of
the world gives to every human being;
and is in that sense part of the natural or
ordinary constitution of human life that
God intends in creating the world. xvii But
more often than not the gift of God’s
presence as an effective influence on
human life is specifically associated by
Christians with salvation. Human beings,
Christians typically believe, have either
lost altogether, or at a minimum,
habitually fail to attend properly to a
presence of God always theirs, in ways
that corrupt human well-being. The
Christian claim is that God saves human
beings by giving them the presence of
God as an effective force for human
transformation in virtue of something
that Jesus suffers or accomplishes.
God acts as an invisible force in
human lives here because God
influences humans through God’s very
presence. Christians, if they follow the
common teaching of theologians in this
regard, believe God is invisible or
unapparent because God is not capable
of being delimited or circumscribed by
the usual boundary drawing and sorting
mechanisms used to cordon off and pin
down other things. xviii God is not, in
short, a kind of thing, set off by clear
boundaries that distinguish God from
what God is not. But there is also here
the kind of invisibility discussed earlier:
the invisibility of apparent absence in
human terms.
Christian claims about salvation
often have an eschatological edge. They
frequently point, that is, to an end time,
indefinitely deferred from the
perspective of anything achievable in
this life. What God gives to remedy the
sin of human life through Christ is,
accordingly, not commonly thought to
be fully effective in any visible way in
this life. Christians typically think that
their connection to Jesus brings with it a
new availability of the presence of God
as a force for change in their lives, but
what they expect to achieve by way of
that constantly available relationship
remains invisible in the form of an
always deferred hope. Once again it is
invisibility—here the invisibility of the
revolutionary changes in one’s life for
which one continues to hope--that
permits Christians to believe the
presence of God, made available to them
in a new way in Christ for the very
purpose of bringing about those changes,
is nevertheless always with them.
Conclusion
The main intention of this
chapter was to make the case that basic
Christian beliefs are likely to have a
bearing on perceived social isolation.
After suggesting that Christianity is not
all of a piece on that score, I developed a
particular construal of basic Christian
beliefs that would seem to have great
potential to alleviate perceived social
isolation through attention to connection
with God. While that argument was
merely a logical or prima facie one, it
forms a testable—though as yet
untested—hypothesis: Does the
particular construal of the beliefs
commended here for their
encouragement of a focal sense of
constant connection with God really
have those consequences? Do people
actually feel less lonely, in other words,
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when they hold such beliefs? Can they
be made to feel less lonely by calling
them to mind? More specifically, how
does the influence of this construal on
feelings of social isolation compare with
that of other construals—for example, a
construal that directly associates God’s
creative influence with the irredeemable
bad? How might the stronger sense of
God’s presence in the hardships one
suffers balance out in the latter case
against the unhappy quality of the
connection? Might one feel oneself to be
better off alone, in other words, if God is
as much one’s tormentor as one’s
benefactor? Finally, comparable
problems to the ones for belief surface in
the more experience-driven God-asfriend
outlook in Christianity, and make
experimental testing pertinent. xix If the
problem in both cases is that a strong
sense of connection with God is hard to
sustain—because God is invisible in the
one case or crowded out by more
obviously pressing matters in the
other—how is the imaginative force of
the idea of relationship with God better
shored up? By imagining that one is on a
date with God, or by imagining that God
is always all around one like the air one
breathes or the sun that shines? And
what works for the greater number of
people? What if the former imaginative
capacities are hard to cultivate, and
require in any case exceptional abilities
of concentration or inward focus that
many people lack? Might beliefs be
easier for most people to hold in mind
without sustained or disciplined
practice? A simple visit to church or
occasional perusal of a prayer book
would do?
References
1  For the general importance of belief for such 
investigation, see the essays by W. Clark Gilpin 
and Tanya Luhrmann in this volume. 
1  See Luhrmann in this volume. 
1  Thomas Aquinas is one prominent theologian 
in the Christian tradition who highlights this 
idea: “creation . . . is the very dependency of the 
created act of being upon the principle [God] 
from which it is produced.” Summa Contra 
Gentiles, Book Two: Creation, trans. James F. 
Anderson (Notre Dame and London: University 
of Notre Dame Press, 1975), chapter 18, section 
2, p. 55. 
1  See again, for example, Thomas Aquinas, 
Summa Contra Gentiles, Book Two: Creation, 
chapters 31‐38, pp. 91‐115. 
1  See, for example, Martin Luther, Lectures on 
Galatians (1535), in Luther’s Works, ed. Jaroslav 
Pelikan (St Louis, Missouri: Concordia Publishing 
House, 1964), vols. 26‐27. 
1  Thomas Aquinas again provides a clear 
theological exposition of this view. See, for 
example, his Summa Contra Gentiles, Book 
Three: Providence, Part 1, trans. Vernon J. 
Bourke (Notre Dame and London: University of 
Notre Dame Press, 1975), chapter 70, section 8, 
p. 237: “It is also apparent that the same effect 
is not attributed to a natural cause and to divine 
power in such a way that it is partly done by 
God, and partly by the natural agent; rather, it is 
wholly done by both.” 
1  For prominent examples of such a view in the 
history of Christian thought, see Augustine, The 
Literal Meaning of Genesis, trans. John 
Hammond Taylor (New York: Newman Press, 
1982), chapters 10‐12, pp. 49‐51; and Cyril of 
Alexandria, Commentary on the Gospel 
According to John, trans. P. E. Pusey (Oxford: 
James Parker, 1874), Book 1, chapters 7‐9, pp. 
66‐87. 
1  See, for example, Athanasius, “On the 
Incarnation of the Word,” trans. Archibald 
Robertson, in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace 
(eds.), Nicene and Post‐Nicene Fathers, vol. IV, 
Second Series (Grand Rapids, Michigan: 
Eerdmans, 1957), sections 3‐5, pp. 37‐39. 
1  See, for example, Gregory of Nyssa, “Answer to 
Eunomius’ Second Book,” trans. M. Day, in Philip 
Schaff and Henry Wace (eds.), Nicene and Post‐
Page | 128
Nicene Fathers, vol. V, Second Series (Peabody, 
Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1994), p. 257. 
1  See Luhrmann in this volume. 
Page | 129
The Elusiveness of Meaningful
Connection
Kathryn Tanner’s chapter has
developed the classical Christian idea
that God is the creator and sustainer of
the world, in order to suggest the ways
in which this notion of the creator might
be one factor providing persons with a
sense of social connection and a hopeful,
generous, and caring disposition toward
the world that assuages the adverse
health consequences of loneliness. In
this classic interpretation of God as
creator, the idea refers not to the origins
of the universe but rather to the allinclusive
dependence of life upon God at
all times. This sense of a sustaining
divine presence spanning the whole time
of one’s life thus contributes a deep
sense of one’s connection to the whole
order of creation. However, as Tanner
notes, people may become inattentive to
a presence so pervasive, just as people
can become inattentive to the forces of
gravity holding them to the surface of
the Earth as they go about their everyday
life. In more extreme versions of this
inattention, the person understands
humanity as “alone” in the universe, a
sort of metaphysical loneliness that
might exacerbate more concrete feelings
of loneliness.
Perhaps surprisingly, Chris Masi,
from the perspective of a physician and
medical researcher, casts a fascinating
and fresh perspective on the theological
notion that we live in a sustaining
connection to creation as a whole. After
describing the negative health
consequences of loneliness, Masi
proceeds to describe a cycle of
loneliness in which a person’s sense of
isolation frustrates well-intended efforts
to make social connections. Masi finds
that efforts to intervene and break this
cycle are not notably successful, in large
part because the preconscious
disposition of lonely people toward the
world is difficult to change. Like Tanner,
although using different terminology,
Masi’s review of the scientific literature
suggests both that the character of one’s
general disposition toward the world is
profoundly important for one’s
connections to others, and that the
processes by which these general
dispositions change are complex and
warrant further scientific attention.
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Chapter 14 14
Visible Efforts to Change Invisible
Connections
14 The lead author is Christopher M. Masi, M.D.,
Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department
of Medicine at the University of Chicago. He is
co-founder of Every Block A Village Online, an
Internet-based community development
program, and is past president of the Illinois
chapter of Physicians for a National Health
Program. He is the current president of the
Midwest Society of General Internal Medicine
and has received numerous awards, including a
Models That Work Award from the United
States Bureau of Primary Health Care and the
New Investigator Health Sciences Research
Award from the Gerontological Society of
America. With a medical degree, as well as a
PhD in social service administration, Dr. Masi’s
research focuses on the socioeconomic factors
underlying health disparities. He currently has
two projects, one aimed at developing an
intervention to reduce loneliness and one focused
on the role of sex hormones in gender, age, and
racial differences in cardiovascular disease. He
is a reviewer for several scientific journals and
grant-making organizations and has published
research and reviews on diverse topics, including
health insurance reform and racial disparities in
breast cancer and hypertension.
Human capacity for creativity,
compassion, and learning is unparalleled in the
animal kingdom. However, humans reach their
full potential only when they are socially
engaged. Lack of social engagement impairs
creativity and learning, and limits opportunities
for caregiving and emotional growth. Numerous
studies have shown that loneliness is also a risk
factor for illness and premature mortality.
Because loneliness is increasing in modern
society, it is critically important to understand
this condition, as well as strategies to reduce it.
This essay describes our review of the literature
regarding loneliness reduction interventions.
The 17 th century English
philosopher Thomas Hobbes proposed
that without the organizing structure of
government, humans would experience
bellum omnimum contra omnes (war of
all against all) and life would be
“solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and
short”(1). While this colorful description
is often quoted, less attention is paid to
Hobbes’ premise that such misery can be
avoided if humans codify and enforce
the rules of a civil society. Not everyone
agrees with Hobbes’ views, but history
is replete with examples of human
misery when anarchy reigns and of
relative peace when a social contract is
observed. A question that philosophers
continue to debate is whether
collaboration for mutual benefit is part
of human nature or whether promotion
of the self above all others is man’s
primary motivation. In this volume,
Cacioppo argues that sociality is an
integral part of human nature. He notes
that given each child’s prolonged period
of total dependence, survival into childbearing
age depends entirely upon the
support and protection of adults, most
often parents or kin. As a result, those
who survive long enough to procreate
pass along genes for nurturing and
protection, thereby hardwiring a form of
sociality into our genetic code.
This protective behavior helps
ensure that genes within a family are
passed on to future generations.
Cooperation among unrelated adults or
the support and protection of children by
adults exists beyond kin, as well,
because these activities also provide
survival benefit. Examples from early
human existence include hunting and
gathering, which are more likely to
succeed when pursued as a group than
individually. To these structural benefits
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of non-familial sociality, we may now
add physiological benefits. A 1979
population-based study showed that
adults lacking social ties were 1.9 to 3.1
times more likely to die during a 9-year
follow-up than those who had more
social contacts, all else being equal (2).
Since then, at least five population-based
prospective studies (3) and numerous
smaller studies have found positive
associations between social integration
and either survival or improved health
outcomes. The mechanisms by which
social integration enhances survival are
several and include improved health
behaviors, increased access to resources
and material goods, and strengthened
immunity against infection (4).
Whereas sociality is a normal
state, loneliness is an unusual state, akin
to hunger, thirst, or pain (5). As with
those states, loneliness is unpleasant and
serves to remind us that we should
change the status quo. Therefore,
loneliness can be an adaptive motivator
for increased social surveillance and
interaction. Unfortunately, not all
individuals succeed at achieving the
level of social connectedness they desire
and suffer instead from chronic feelings
of loneliness. Cacioppo and others have
shown that lonely individuals interpret
events and social interactions more
negatively than non-lonely individuals.
As a result, they unconsciously develop
defense mechanisms, including social
barriers, which shield them from insults
and rejection. While this approach may
achieve its goals of self-protection, it
also reduces opportunities for positive
social interactions and perpetuates
feelings of social isolation (5). John
Bunyan, a 17 th century Christian writer
and preacher, described the barriers
associated with loneliness when he
wrote of a vision in which he
“saw the people set on the sunny
side of some high mountain,
there refreshing themselves with
the pleasant beams of the sun,
while I was shivering and
shrinking in the cold, afflicted
with frost, snow, and dark
clouds. Methought, also, betwixt
me and them, I saw a wall that
did compass about this mountain
(6).”
For chronically lonely people,
the wall between themselves and others
is partly of their own making and
reflects continuous surveillance for
negative signals from others (5). The
challenge is to help lonely individuals
break down the barriers between
themselves and others and ultimately
return to the normal state of sociality. In
his vision, Bunyan achieved this, but
only through great effort:
“About this wall I thought
myself, to go again and again,
still prying as I went, to see if I
could find some way or passage,
by which I might enter therein,
but none could I find for some
time. At the last, I saw, as it
were, a narrow gap, like a little
doorway in the wall, through
which I attempted to pass; but the
passage being very strait and
narrow, I made many efforts to
get in, but all in vain, even until I
was well-nigh quite beat out, by
striving to get in; at last, with
great striving, methought I at first
did get in my head, and after that,
by a sidling striving, my
shoulders, and my whole body;
then I was exceeding glad, and
went and sat down in the midst
of them, and so was comforted
with the light and heat of their
sun (6).”
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Genetic studies indicate that
heritability accounts for approximately
50% of loneliness while social
circumstances account for the other 50%
(7). Research also suggests that
loneliness is common - reported by as
many as 20 percent of the population at
any given time (8). In addition, some
evidence suggests that the prevalence of
loneliness may be increasing, at least in
the U.S. A recent national survey found
a threefold increase in the number of
Americans who indicated they had no
confidant or person with whom to
discuss important matters (9). Although
differences between this survey and its
1985 predecessor may be sufficient to
account for this increase, this suggestive
report raises the possibility that
contemporary societal factors may be
interfering with the natural tendency for
humans to form meaningful, long-term
social connections. One factor is social
mobility, which increased dramatically
during the 20 th century. A second is the
aging of the U.S. population. In 1900,
4.1% of Americans were 65 years or
older. By 2006, that percentage had
increased to 12.4%, representing 37.3
million Americans (10). With less value
placed on older individuals in the U.S.,
we have witnessed an increase in
marginalization of this segment of
society. Third, as life expectancy
increases, more elders are living longer
as widows or widowers and are therefore
at increased risk for loneliness. Other
factors which may place Americans at
increased risk for loneliness include less
intergenerational living, delayed
marriage, increased dual- career
families, increased single-residence
households, and increased age-related
disabilities and health conditions. Given
the mental and health risks associated
with loneliness described in Hawkley’s
chapter, interventions are needed to help
lonely individuals regain normal social
connections. As Bunyan’s account
suggests, breaking through the wall of
loneliness may require considerable
effort. When individual effort is not
sufficient, assistance from others may be
needed. Unfortunately, contemporary
interventions to reduce loneliness have
fared more poorly than has been
recognized.
Repairing Broken Connections
Almost a century ago, scholars
began to propose strategies for reducing
loneliness. Karen Rook (11), for
instance, amassed over 40 interventions
dating back to the 1930’s in her attempt
to identify effective loneliness reduction
strategies. Since Rook’s review, five
scientific publications have provided
qualitative reviews of strategies to
reduce loneliness, social isolation, or
both (12-16). The most recent
publication identified 30 interventions
published between 1970 and 2002 (16),
and evaluated the effectiveness of those
intervention studies that were not flawed
by poor design. Among the thirteen trials
deemed to be of high quality, six were
considered effective, one was considered
partially effective, five were considered
ineffective, and one was inconclusive.
The authors’ conclusions were similar to
those of prior reviewers who found that
interventions which emphasized social
skills training and/or group activities
were the most successful.
However, qualitative reviews are
subject to invisible biases that can color
our judgments of the scientific evidence
we see. Thomas Kuhn, a 20 th century
physicist and epistemologist, noted that
scientists too easily accept results which
conform to previous intuitions and too
readily reject results which do not (17).
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In the case of loneliness interventions,
all of the reviews essentially confirmed
the findings of previous reviews that
social skills training and group-based
interventions can succeed in reducing
loneliness. Is this conclusion justified, or
is this a case in which prior conclusions
have been perpetuated in the manner
Kuhn describes?
To combat bias favoring results
that confirm dominant theories, some
scientists have argued that specific study
criteria should be met to warrant an
evaluation of the effectiveness of the
intervention (18). These criteria include
random assignment of study participants
to receive the intervention, evidence that
the intervention is more effective than no
intervention, findings that are replicated
by at least one independent research
group, and results that are published in
peer-reviewed journals. Previous
reviewers of loneliness interventions
have, in fact, placed a premium on
randomized trials that contrast a group
randomly selected to receive the
intervention with a group randomly
selected to receive no intervention.
However, none has employed metaanalysis,
a quantitative technique for
calculating the average effect of diverse
interventions designed to accomplish the
same goal. Whereas qualitative reviews
are subjective and vulnerable to
confirmatory biases, quantitative reviews
are objective and relatively impervious
to bias as long as all relevant studies are
included in the analysis.
To minimize bias in our metaanalysis,
we first combed the literature
to identify all the intervention studies
that specifically targeted loneliness. To
further meet our criteria for inclusion in
the meta-analysis, studies had to be
published in a peer-reviewed journal or
as a doctoral dissertation (to ensure the
scientific integrity of the findings),
between 1970 and 2009 (to include and
extend the time interval reviewed
qualitatively in prior research), and had
to measure loneliness quantitatively.
Fifty-two intervention studies for
loneliness met our inclusion criteria.
These studies were divided into three
categories based on the experimental
design used to assess the effects of the
intervention. Twelve studies used a
single group pre-post design in which
loneliness among participants was
assessed at baseline and again after
exposure to the intervention. The single
pre-post design is weak in terms of
measuring the effectiveness of an
intervention, however, because
individuals who have high scores on a
loneliness measure on one occasion are
likely to score less extremely on a
second occasion even if no intervention
had occurred. Said differently, people
whose measurements suggest they are
very lonely at one point in time, on
average, appear to be less lonely when
measured at a later point in time. Our
meta-analysis of these studies indicated
there was indeed a lowering of
loneliness as measured before and after
the interventions, but we cannot
conclude from this evidence that the
reductions in loneliness were due to the
interventions.
Eighteen studies utilized a nonrandomized
group comparison design in
which some of the participants sought
out the intervention (the experimental
group) while others (the control group)
did not. In this design, assignment of
individuals to the experimental or
control groups was based upon
convenience, participant preference, or
some other factor, which means the
groups that did and did not receive the
intervention may differ in ways that
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explain different outcomes in the two
groups. For example, people who
volunteer to be in the experimental arm
of a study may be more gregarious by
nature and may be more likely to
become less lonely over time regardless
of exposure to the intervention. Results
of the meta-analysis suggested the
interventions might be effective, but to
know it’s the intervention and not an
artifact of subject selection, we need to
look at the effect of these interventions
when assessed using randomized group
comparison designs in which
participants are randomly assigned to the
experimental or control group.
Twenty-two studies utilized such
a design. Quantitative analysis revealed
that, on average, the interventions had a
small but significant effect in reducing
loneliness. Moreover, efficacy in
reducing loneliness did not differ
significantly as a function of
intervention strategy nor as a function of
individual- versus group-based
implementation. Whereas once a
consensus existed that social skills
training and/or group activities could
reduce loneliness, we found insufficient
evidence to support that conclusion.
Why have successful
interventions to reduce loneliness been
so elusive? There are several possible
reasons. Some of the interventions have
been designed with the notion that if
only lonely individuals had better social
skills they would be able to form
satisfying connections with others.
However, recent research suggests that
at least for most adults, the social skills
they know are not related to the
loneliness they feel. Other interventions
have been developed with the notion that
lonely individuals simply need to
interact more with others, so the
interventions are designed to increase
contact with others. However, people
not only tend to like lonely individuals
less than nonlonely individuals, lonely
individuals are especially negative
toward other lonely individuals.
Therefore, bringing lonely individuals
together is unlikely to result in warm,
satisfying social connections. Finally,
some interventions were designed with
the notion that what lonely individuals
need is social support, such as someone
who is available to provide help when
needed. However, loneliness affects not
only how people think, but how people
think about others: loneliness
diminishes people’s executive
functioning and biases them to see others
as threatening and rejecting even when
they are not (5).
Cacioppo and Patrick (5)
proposed a framework for reducing
loneliness which includes four elements.
First, unconscious barriers that
chronically lonely people develop to
shield against being hurt by others tend
to reduce their likelihood of having
positive social interactions, and they
may benefit, therefore, from
encouragement and practice in forming
social connections gradually in “safe”
environments where threat of rejection is
minimal. For instance, because
chronically lonely people are selffocused
in their hypervigilance for social
threat, they may benefit from learning to
shift their attention from themselves to
others through other-oriented activities
such as volunteerism. The notion is to
intervene to diminish or eliminate the
negative effects loneliness can have on
social perception and cognition. Second,
we tend to think of loneliness as the
same thing as a personal weakness, as
being a social isolate, being depressed,
or being weak. As noted above, we now
know these accounts to be incorrect, and
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that acute loneliness, just like acute
physical pain, serves an important
biological function for our species.
Being aware of how loneliness fits into
our remarkable achievements as a social
species and what loneliness does to our
social cognition and behavior can help
us better understand the actions of others
toward us. Third, to the extent that
desperation for social connections leads
chronically lonely individuals to
misguidedly vest their interest in those
who are unlikely to meet their
relationship needs, they may need to
learn how to be selective and choose
friends and groups with whom
reciprocally rewarding relationships can
be expected. This decision is critical to
success. Research indicates that the
people with whom we are most likely to
form positive, lasting relationships are
those who have similar attitudes, beliefs,
values, interests, and activities to our
own. Therefore, people should not seek
friendships based on physical
appearance, status, popularity, or
convenience, but rather on attitudes,
beliefs, values, and behaviors. Finally,
because chronically lonely people expect
to be disappointed with themselves and
others in their relationships, they may
benefit from training and practice in
taking a more optimistic perspective, in
expecting the best from themselves and
from others. We play a much more
important role in shaping our social
environment than we often realize.
Although no intervention to date
has incorporated all of these elements, at
least one randomized trial has
demonstrated that an intervention based
upon volunteerism (Experience Corps)
can increase social activity in older
adults (19). In this trial, older adults are
paired with grade-school children and
dedicate at least fifteen hours per week
throughout the school year to assist the
teachers in supporting and encouraging
children in reading, writing, and
mathematics. This strategy engages at
least two of the principles that emerged
out of Cacioppo and Patrick’s theoretical
framework (5)—the provision of a
“safe” venue for making social
connections (i.e., the classroom of nonthreatening
children), and the shifting of
older adults’ attention away from their
own concerns and toward the needs of
someone else. In addition, this strategy
capitalizes on Erikson’s notion of
generativity (i.e., helping future
generations) (20). Interventions of this
form deserve further assessment (21).
Conclusion
We began this chapter by noting
that loneliness is not uncommon and,
although unpleasant, may prompt
individuals to attend to and repair their
social connections. Loneliness affects
cognition as well as well-being,
however, and when loneliness persists it
is a risk factor for myriad health
problems. Previous reviewers have
suggested that loneliness can be reduced
through interventions that emphasize
social skills development and groupbased
activities. By quantitatively
analyzing twenty-two well-designed
studies, we found no evidence that these
strategies were any more effective in
reducing loneliness than increasing
social opportunities or social support, or
modifying maladaptive social
cognitions, whether in a group or
individual context. A larger number of
intervention studies may be needed to
determine the relative efficacy of these
intervention strategies. In the interim, it
is clear from this review that global
impressions and intuitions will not
suffice when trying to reduce loneliness.
Future interventions should
Page | 136
acknowledge that loneliness is not
synonymous with social isolation but is a
social pain that functions to motivate the
formation and renewal of meaningful
social relationships. When feelings of
loneliness fail to accomplish their
adaptive purpose, chronic loneliness
may ensue. Chronic loneliness tends to
be self-perpetuating through
confirmatory biases that alter cognitions,
emotions, and behaviors. Given the
importance of social connection to
people’s health and well-being, it is
important that we solve the puzzle of
how to help the chronically lonely
connect with others in meaningful and
satisfying ways.
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Reflections on Invisible Connections
Echoing a prominent theme in
this volume, Christopher Masi highlights
once again the centrality of social
connectedness for human well-being and
the function of loneliness in signaling a
rupture in a sense of social
connectedness. One might reasonably
expect that a social species like Homo
sapiens would have a sufficiently large
behavioral repertoire to be able to
resolve feelings of isolation and restore a
sense of social connectedness. Although
resolution is accomplished readily in
some instances for some people some of
the time, the reality is that at times
people are at a chronic loss for how to
satisfy their need for social connection.
Unfortunately, the invisible bonds of
social connection are not easily repaired.
We see others’ social activity, but we do
not see how they feel about their social
lives and sense of connection. Despite
our inability to recognize loneliness in
others, or, as Nick Epley and Jean
Decety argued earlier in this volume,
because of this handicap in seeing into
the minds of others, we tend to attribute
to others what we ourselves have felt or
would expect to feel in particular
circumstances. Is it any surprise that we
target for intervention those
circumstances where we observe few
opportunities for social interaction,
inadequate social skills, and poor social
support? On the other hand, because
loneliness is in the mind of the sufferer,
it is perhaps surprising that we would
expect changes in objective social
circumstances to be sufficient to
alleviate loneliness in all its sufferers.
Masi provides a quantitative review of
strategies employed to alleviate
loneliness to show that interventions to
date have been only modestly successful
in reducing feelings of loneliness,
attesting to the challenge of effectively
addressing the problem of ruptured
social connections.
Invisibility should not thwart
attempts to alleviate distress, however.
Biological causes of disease were no
more visible or evident in the 18 th
century than psychological causes are
today. Yet significant scientific advances
during the 19 th and 20 th centuries
completely revolutionized medical
practice, life expectancy, and quality of
life. Farr Curlin is less interested in the
invisible causes of disease than in the
primordial need for social connection
that John Cacioppo introduced and that
Curlin regards as a preexistent condition
for medicine. If science can be viewed as
a cognitive system that steps us back so
that we can deal more objectively and
effectively with another person’s
distress, then religion can be viewed as a
cognitive system that steps us forward to
connect and care for others. Curlin
argues that the practice of medicine
requires a balance of these forces, and
that the resulting tension between the
two produces better care for the patient
than does the practice of medicine using
either alone.
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Chapter 15 15
15 The lead author is Farr A. Curlin, M.D., a
hospice and palliative care physician, researcher,
and medical ethicist at the University of
Chicago. His empirical research charts the
influence of physicians' moral traditions and
commitments, both religious and secular, on
physicians' clinical practices. As an ethicist he
addresses questions regarding whether and in
what ways physicians' religious commitments
ought to shape their clinical practices in our
plural democracy. Curlin and colleagues have
authored numerous manuscripts published in the
medicine and bioethics literatures, including a
New England Journal of Medicine paper titled,
“Religion, Conscience and Controversial
Clinical Practices.” As founding Director of the
Program on Medicine and Religion at the
University of Chicago, Dr. Curlin is working
with colleagues from the Pritzker School of
Medicine and the University of Chicago Divinity
School to foster inquiry into and public discourse
regarding the intersections of religion and the
practice of medicine.
In the world of contemporary medicine,
science is front and center, and for good reason.
Science provides modern medicine with
extraordinary diagnostic and therapeutic
capacities that can be employed to care for
patients. Yet there is more to medicine than
science can know. Science cannot provide
visions to animate care of the sick, moral
frameworks to guide the application of medical
technology, or practices that nurture and extend
our sociobiological capacity to care for others.
For these medicine turns to religious and secular
moral traditions and practices. This essay
examines how religious concepts are implicit and
operative in practices of medicine and in the
formation of fully human physicians. By
attending to these concepts, we may gain a richer
understanding of the way self-conscious human
practices like medicine both depend on and
Social Brain, Spiritual Medicine?
No one ever asks what science
has to do with medicine any more than
they ask what books have to do with
education or what tools have to do with
carpentry. Before the middle of the 19th
century, there was almost nothing that
physicians, however well intended,
could do to actually restore health to the
ill. Modern science changed that. Over
the past century and a half, dramatic
improvements in health outcomes have
been wrought through the application of
sterile surgery techniques, specialized
hospital care, public health measures to
prevent the spread of infectious diseases,
antibiotics to treat those diseases, and
myriad subsequent technologies. All of
these have been undergirded by the
discoveries of biomedical science.
As a result, the life expectancy in
developed nations has doubled. People
live not only longer but with much less
disability. Diseases that formerly
disfigured and killed, such as smallpox
and polio, have been almost completely
eradicated. Epidemics of malaria, yellow
fever, measles and diphtheria have been
restrained. Injuries from war or other
traumatic events, which in earlier
periods led predictably to death or
profound disability, now can be
ameliorated using sophisticated surgical
reconstruction techniques, advanced
prostheses, and intensive rehabilitation.
Medical science already has
accomplished an extraordinary amount
in alleviating human illness and
forestalling death, and there is good
reason to expect further progress. Yet,
for all that science has made possible,
medicine is animated by other, less
tangible, forces.
extend our unique, human, biopsychosocial
capacities.
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To give a robust account for the
practice of medicine, one must explain
why sick and debilitated strangers are
worthy of attention and care, and how
the medical arts contribute to human
flourishing. For some Americans, such
accounts begin in secular moral
tradition, but for most they begin in
religion; nine out of ten Americans
endorse a religious affiliation 1 . Either
way, medicine looks beyond science to
find a vision that animates care of the
sick, a moral framework that guides the
application of medical technology, and
practices that nurture and extend the
human capacity to care for patients as
persons rather than as mere objects. In
this sense, even though religious
concepts are rarely made explicit in
public and professional discourse about
medicine, they are everywhere implicit
and operative, and necessarily so.
Why care for the sick?
Humans in all cultures are moved
to care for the sick. The question is why?
The concept of the social brain provides
the beginning of an answer. The peculiar
human need and capacity for
constructive, complex and meaningful
relationships seems to involve
neurological structures and functions
that also facilitate attending to the sick.
For example, Epley describes the human
capacity to pay attention to our own
mindedness and the mindedness of
others. We are not only conscious of
ourselves, but we are conscious of others
being conscious of themselves and of us.
This capacity allows us to be mindful of
others’ bodily suffering and mindful of
their consciousness of our relation to
them in that suffering. To mindfulness is
added the capacity to empathize. Decety
describes a neurological structure
through which the sight of pain in
another person triggers a response in our
own brains that mirrors (albeit at a level
attenuated by training and other
contextual factors) the response we
would have if we were suffering the pain
ourselves. These features of the human
brain allow us to pay attention to and to
some extent share in the suffering of
others—capacities that are psychological
building blocks for caring for the sick.
Yet to explain medicine strictly
on the basis of empirical science, one
must solve a particularly thorny version
of the more general problem of
explaining altruistic human behavior.
Decety notes, “The emergence of
altruism, of empathizing with and caring
for those who are not kin, is … not
easily explained within the framework of
neo-Darwinian theories of natural
selection.” Indeed one can scarcely
imagine a practice less conducive to the
reproductive fitness of a population than
spending enormous resources caring for
the sick, the deformed, the weak, and the
aged. Natural selection and the physician
would seem to be at cross-purposes: one
works to eliminate the sickly, the other
to save them from elimination. On this
account, medicine appears to be the sort
of dead end into which the evolutionary
process sometimes blindly drifts.
Cacioppo, however, argues that
altruistic behaviors can be explained
within evolutionary theory by paying
attention to inclusive fitness and the
multiple levels of selective pressure:
…for species born to a period of
utter dependency [e.g., humans],
the genes that find their way into
the gene pool are not defined
solely or even mostly by
likelihood that an organism will
reproduce but by the likelihood
that the offspring of the parent
will live long enough to
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reproduce… one consequence is
that selfish genes evolved
through individual-level selection
processes to promote social
preferences and group processes,
including reciprocal social
behaviors, that can extend
beyond kin relationships
The concept of inclusive fitness helps to
explain why humans care for the young
when they are sick, and even why they
care for those who when healthy are able
to contribute to caring for the young. In
addition, it may be that hunter-gatherers
were more likely to survive and
reproduce when they cared for a
wounded or sickened member of the
clan—thereby establishing an
expectation of reciprocity that would
contribute to social cohesion, collective
effort, and defense of other group
members. These provide at least the
rudiments of an evolutionary rationale
for the practice of medicine.
Yet, medicine does not involve
caring merely (or even primarily) for the
young, much less for those who are most
genetically fit. Rather, medicine in large
measure involves caring for those who
either have no capacity to contribute to
the gene pool because they are aged and
otherwise infertile, or whose
contributions to that pool will reduce
population fitness because they are
genetically predisposed to sickness and
disability. Concern about the latter led
Francis Galton and many of his
American and European contemporaries
to embrace social Darwinism and to
champion efforts to keep the diminished
and infirm from reproducing. In the
United States, the eugenics movement
was memorialized in the infamous words
of Supreme Court justice Oliver Wendell
Holmes, who justified the
constitutionality of the forced
sterilization of mentally ‘unfit’ women
in the case of Buck v. Bell by writing,
“Three generations of imbeciles are
enough.” Sterilization rates under
eugenic laws in the United States
increased following this ruling until the
Skinner v. Oklahoma case in 1942, after
which point they declined.
The practice of medicine
expresses more than a straightforward
social instinct for protecting the young.
To borrow from Browning, it may be
that medicine builds on and extends the
dynamic of inclusive fitness much like in
Catholic moral theology caritas (love)
builds on and extends eros (desire).
Browning writes, “[Aquinas] held – and
Christianity has always taught – that
Christian love includes more than kin
altruism and the care of our familial
offspring; it must include the love of
neighbor, stranger, and enemy, even to
the point of self-sacrifice.” The
theological concept of God as creator
and Father of all “made it possible for
Christians to build on yet analogically
generalize their kin altruism to all
children of God, even those beyond the
immediate family, their own children
and their own kin.” Even those beyond
the reasonable hope of reproducing or
helping others to reproduce.
Notably, the self-conscious
commitments that animate medicine do
not include promoting population fitness
or ensuring survival of offspring to the
point of reproduction. Rather, physicians
discipline themselves to practices that
make possible the commitment of
medicine: to preserve and restore the
health of patients, notwithstanding
patients’ other characteristics. Religions
ground this care for the sick in sacred
and transcendent obligations to God and
neighbor, and it is not incidental that the
hospital began when Christian monastic
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communities enfolded the care of the
sick into a communal life of liturgy and
prayer. This is not to say that the
substantively irreligious lack proper
motivation to practice medicine. It is to
say that an animating vision for
medicine as a good and worthy activity
seems to require moral concepts that
science alone does not provide.
How should medical science be
deployed?
Medicine is not only animated by
something like a religious vision; it also
requires a thick moral framework for its
ongoing direction. To know how best to
care for patients, we need to know
something about what human flourishing
entails and how medicine can contribute
to it. Medical science is less helpful here
than one might hope.
Science facilitates the sort of
religious humanism that Browning
encourages, because it helps us better
understand the empirical world and
therefore helps all moral communities
refine their efforts to bring about human
flourishing. Science elucidates a range of
technical possibilities and provides
information about what we can
reasonably expect as the consequence of
choosing one course over another. Yet,
even the successes of medical science
highlight its limits. As medical science
generates technologies that can be put to
ever-wider uses, it exposes
disagreements about which of those uses
are worthwhile. Although medicine
proceeds in scientific ways in the care of
patients, it does so in pursuit of goals
that science cannot set. These goals
come from moral traditions and cultures,
religious or otherwise.
In the same way that the
influence of a dominant culture on
medical practice is often invisible or
taken for granted precisely because of its
dominance, so the influence of religious
ideas on medical practice is often
invisible in those areas where
commitments are shared in common
among different religions and other
moral traditions. For example, we
generally take it for granted that
mending injuries, treating infections, and
removing diseased organs are good
things to do. That is because the moral
commitments that undergird these
practices are shared by virtually all
moral communities, religious or
otherwise. Moral commitments that are
shared by all may not seem ‘moral’ at
all. Yet even the idea of sickness implies
a norm of and concern for health that are
not fully derivable from empirical
science.
The influence of religion on
medical practice becomes more visible
where the commitments of particular
traditions diverge from one another or
where they diverge from the values of
the dominant culture. For example,
religious measures have been found
consistently to strongly predict
physicians’ attitudes regarding ethically
controversial practices such as abortion,
physician-assisted suicide, withdrawal of
life-sustaining therapies, contraception,
physician interaction with patients about
spiritual concerns and, as we have found,
physicians’ ideas about the relationship
between religion and health. 2
Yet overtly controversial issues
merely highlight the tips of proverbial
icebergs. Disputes about practices such
as abortion or physician-assisted suicide
concern whether the practices are
intrinsically unethical. Much more
commonly physicians agree about the
range of legitimate clinical strategies,
but they disagree about which is to be
recommended in a given moment. For
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example, physicians may agree that the
experience of depression can be treated
legitimately by antidepressant
medications, referral to a psychiatrist, or
referral to a counselor whose practice is
rooted in a specific religious tradition.
Yet our research suggests that the
religious characteristics of physicians
strongly influence which of these
options they would recommend in a
given case 3 .
Controversies over a particular
medical intervention often represent
deeper unspoken disagreements that,
unfortunately, science cannot settle. For
example, controversies over the use of
stimulants to manage childhood behavior
disorders, or the medicalization of social
anxiety, seem to reflect disagreements
about more basic questions: What brings
human happiness? Which moods and
behaviors should be considered normal
parts of human experience and which
should be considered abnormal? What
sorts of suffering should we try to
alleviate? What leads to disordered
behaviors? What resources (social,
psychological, spiritual or otherwise) are
best suited to addressing disruptions in
individuals’ mental and emotional
states? How does modern medicine fit
into our response to these experiences?
Although physicians may not ask or
answer these questions explicitly, they
implicitly answer them in their responses
and recommendations to patients.
So, for all that is hoped for in
‘scientific’ and ‘evidence-based’
practice, clinicians must in the end act as
practical moral philosophers, making
judgments about how best to pursue the
goals of medicine for a particular patient
in a particular context, all things
considered. Among those things to be
considered are moral valuations about
which religions and other moral
traditions have much to say, but about
which medical science remains silent.
Caring for the patient as person
So far I have suggested that
religions provide a vision that animates
care of the sick and a moral framework
that guides the application of medical
technology. Religions make another
contribution by fostering practices that
nurture the human capacity to care for
patients as persons rather than as mere
objects.
Patients commonly complain that
their physicians treat them as mere
objects or specimens rather than
appreciating and attending to them as
unique persons. This problem has always
plagued the profession. To learn how to
heal, the novice physician must learn of
patients as representing abstract general
types and classes. She must learn about
coronary artery disease and hematuria
before she can begin to interpret Mrs.
Smith’s chest discomfort and Mr.
Jones’s red urine. These abstractions
allow knowledge of when and how
things happen, and that knowledge
guides technological interventions that
may bring healing to the body. These
abstractions also help doctors objectify
their patients’ humanity enough to
violate social norms that operate in every
other social situation, such as asking
patients to expose their nakedness in
vulnerable positions, or cutting patients
apart in hopes of making them whole.
As long as the process does not
go too far, scientific detachment serves
to make our concern effective. Yet the
collective experience of both patients
and physicians suggests that such
detachment usually does go too far and
occurs too easily. As a result physicians
treat patients as mere objects and
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instances of disease; they treat patients
as less than the human persons they are.
Physicians, it would seem, are
subject to a particular form of the more
general psychological challenge of
paying attention to other minds. Like all
humans, physicians easily ignore the
mindfulness of others. This matters,
Epley reminds us, “because mindful
agents become moral agents worthy of
care and compassion.” As such, patients
who are seen as mindful “evoke empathy
and concern for well-being, whereas
agents without mindful experience can
be treated simply as mindless objects.”
There are obstacles to recognizing the
mindfulness of patients. Illness makes a
patient different, or deviant, from human
norms, and we tend to pay less attention
to the minds of those who are different
from ourselves. In addition,
“Considering other minds requires some
attentional effort. It does not come
automatically.” Physicians learn to go
through the technical motions of caring
for the sick until those motions become
‘automatic’—that is the mark of a skilled
and effective clinician. But paying
attention to the mindfulness of patients
requires a sustained investment of time
and energy that physicians are often
unwilling to make.
How could religious practices
help? As Luhrmann notes, most people
find it very difficult to pay attention to
God. To help in this difficult and
lifelong task, many religions have
developed disciplines of prayer and
other practices that call to mind what we
tend to forget—including the ideas that
motivate genuine human concern for
those who suffer. Christians, for
example, practice remembering that all
people are ultimately united as children
of the one creator God, that “the ground
is level at the foot of the cross”
regardless of one’s social status, one’s
biological fitness or one’s reproductive
capacity. Epley notes that we are better
able to pay attention to what another is
thinking or feeling when we are
motivated to do so. Christianity seeks to
stimulate such motivation by
encouraging Christians to meditate on
the fact that Jesus comes to us in those
who are sick and otherwise suffer 4 .
Moreover, it reminds us that we are
never alone. As Katherine Tanner
details in her chapter, God is always
with us. This central theological claim,
when remembered in song, prayer,
liturgy, reading of Scriptures and other
rituals, provides a particular form of
what psychologists call “mindful
surveillance”—our actions become more
“prosocial” (even altruistic) when we are
aware of being observed by others. All
of these practices depend on and extend
the capacities of the social brain. They
are also, from the vantage of
Christianity, ways in which one may
come to receive grace, the unmerited
help of God.
Religious practices have
therefore at least the potential to
encourage and strengthen the human
capacity for attending to the
mindfulness, and therefore the
personhood, of those who are sick and
diminished. As Epley suggests, “Making
minds visible, and hence more like one’s
own, enables people to more readily
follow the most famous of all ethical
dictates—to treat others as you would
have others treat you.”
Conclusion
Science and religion are invisibly
and inextricably intertwined in the
practice of medicine. Science has
provided modern medicine with
extraordinary diagnostic and therapeutic
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capacities that can be employed to care
for patients. Science gives knowledge of
the remarkable neurological and
psychological features of the social brain
that make activities like caring for the
sick possible. But science can also
depersonalize the patient viewed through
the eyes of the physician scientist.
Religions (and other moral communities)
motivates an attention to the person who
is the patient, providing a fuller vision
for the worthiness of caring for the sick,
and drawing the physician and patient
closer together. Religion and moral
communities can also provide a
framework to guide the application of
medical science in that endeavor, and
practices that strengthen the human
capacity for treating patients as the
mindful persons they are. It is the
balance of the tensions produced by the
forces of science and religion that may
hold a key to better medical practice and
patient care.
References
1 Curlin FA, Lantos JD, Roach CJ,
Sellergren SA, Chin MH.
Religious characteristics of U.S
physicians: A national survey. J
Gen Intern Med. Jul
2005;20(7):629-634.
2 See Curlin FA, Chin MH, Sellergren
SA, Roach CJ, Lantos JD. The
association of physicians’ religious
characteristics with their attitudes
and self-reported behaviors
regarding religion and spirituality
in the clinical encounter. Med
Care. 2006;44:446-53, and Curlin
FA, Sellergren SA, Lantos JD,
Chin MH. Physicians' observations
and interpretations of the influence
of religion and spirituality on
health. Archives of Internal
Medicine. 2007;167(7):649-54.
3 Curlin FA, Odell S, Lawrence RE,
Chin MH, Lantos JD, Meador KG,
Koenig HG. The relationship
between psychiatry and religion
among US physicians. Psychiatr
Serv 2007;58(9):1193-1198.
4 Holy Bible. Matthew 25:40.
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Invisible Forces
Farr Curlin meditates on the
puzzle of medicine—what is its
evolutionary and social function, what
draws individual practitioners to it, and
what grounds its fundamental values.
The values of scientific inquiry lead to
treating the objects of inquiries in just
that way: as objects. But objectifying
patients and their disease would seem to
work against the human values of
empathy and caring for the weak that
also seems to be part and parcel of what
medicine is as a practice. Curlin argues
that religious values inform and nurture
the human side by insisting that there
must be a connection between physician
and patient, acting as an often
unrecognized invisible force that
humanizes the practice of medicine.
Religion is neither necessary nor
sufficient for an individual to adhere to
such values. The question of what it is
that grounds the fundamental values that
govern our relationships, and how those
values are reflected in invisible social,
psychological, and biological forces, is
central to the work of our network. In a
concluding essay, Ronald Thisted
reflects on the many threads of
investigation and discussion that have
made up our conversation, and how they
are interwoven into a network of inquiry
that sheds light on invisible forces and
the social brain.
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Chapter 16 16
Epilogue
Over the past six years, our
network of scholars has engaged in an
16 The lead author is Ronald Thisted, Ph.D., a
Professor in the Departments of Health Studies,
Statistics, and Anesthesia & Critical Care at the
University of Chicago, where he currently chairs
the Department of Health Studies. Trained in
philosophy and mathematics at Pomona College
and in statistics at Stanford University, his
interests include the nature of argument and
evidence, particularly in the context of health,
disease, and medical treatment. He has
published articles on topics ranging from
treatment for back pain to computational
mathematics, and from social determinants of
health to the size of Shakespeare’s vocabulary.
He is a Fellow of the American Statistical
Association, and a Fellow of the American
Academy for the Advancement of Science.
The question of how we come to
know—or to claim that we know—things, is left
unexamined all too often. The similarities and
differences in modes of argument across
disciplines, and the variations in what counts for
evidence supporting or refuting a position within
and across disciplines can be illuminating.
Statistics, and statistical argument, provide a rich
framework for thinking about such issues as
measurement, learning, uncertainty, variation,
and experiment. Statistical principles provide a
framework for disciplined investigation, for
communication about the extent of and
limitations to the information at hand, and for
combining information from different sources.
Although there is enormous variability between
individuals, there are also commonalities to their
experience that transcend their differences. As a
species and as individuals, we rely on these
common threads, even when they are invisible to
us.
on-going conversation that we have
come to recognize as being centered on
unseen forces that shape, and are shaped
by, the social nature of human beings.
The essays that make up this volume
give a hint as to what our conversation
has been like, but the linear structure that
a book imposes cannot fully evoke the
give and take of vigorous debate, the
excitement of viewing an old problem
from a new perspective, or the
satisfaction that comes from sharing the
search for knowledge – even when we
did not agree on the interpretation of
what we discovered in our search.
We deliberately chose to describe
our membership as a network rather than
a committee, or seminar, or task force, or
club, or salon. A network is defined as
much by the connections between people
as it is by the individual people
themselves. Networks can be described
pictorially as nodes (points that represent
individuals), some of which are
connected by edges (lines that represent
links between two individuals). In our
network, we have focused on the value
of the edges, and have held the
conviction that much is to be gained by
exploring previously untested
connections. We started with a set of
nodes having only a handful of edges,
and we ended with many more edges
than nodes.
As a result, our network – and
each individual in the network – has
been enriched as we have learned more
about, and more from, perspectives that
initially were unfamiliar to each of us,
the end result being that our whole is
decidedly greater than the sum of our
parts. This illustrates a recurrent theme
in the book, that of emergent
phenomena—characteristics that can be
ascribed to entities at a higher level of
organization that, without conscious
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design or intent, seem to arise from
behaviors and interactions at a lower
level of organization. How this can
come about is a puzzle, but it is a puzzle
that is amenable to thoughtful
investigation, both scientific and
philosophical. What forces are at play,
we might ask, that makes such a
collection cohesive? Just what
chemistry can transform a collection of
individuals into something both more
than and different from what in
aggregate they bring to the table? We
seek to understand more fully the bonds
of marriage, family, friendship, or
membership—invisible forces that bind
and simultaneously transform the
underlying nature of their constituents
no less than chemical bonds transform
atoms of hydrogen and oxygen into
water.
Our origin was rooted in distaste
for the unproductive and unenlightening
shouting matches between proponents of
views of science that denigrate religious
belief and views of religion that are antiscientific.
We started from the
assumption that scholars from the
sciences and from religion and
philosophy could have fruitful
conversations about what is known, what
counts for knowledge, what can be
observed, and what can be tested
through experiment and observation.
And we all believe in the value of the
scientific method as a means for
expanding our knowledge. Internal
tension is needed for the structural
integrity of buildings and bridges, and
that is no less true of social structures
such as our network. Through
appropriate construction, deep tensions
between theology and science (or even
between scientific disciplines or
theological perspectives) that have the
potential to drive us apart can instead be
shaped to release creative energy and
shared purpose.
Berntson notes that “beliefs and
emotions have consequences, both
behavioral and physiological.” The
network starts from the premise that one
can learn about such apparently invisible
phenomena as beliefs by studying and
reasoning about their consequences.
In his essay, Browning advocates
starting with a critical hermeneutic
phenomenology, a “careful description”
of our instruments, our observations, and
the stories we use them to tell. Clearly
articulating our assumptions and starting
points has been of immense value. After
doing so for the benefit of colleagues
outside our disciplines, those colleagues
in turn have helped us become aware of
unarticulated assumptions implicit in our
approaches or in our experiments.
These observations have led in turn to
better science and more convincing
evidence. Our colleagues in the network
have helped each of us to see more
facets of the same elephant that
individually we are too blind to
appreciate fully.
Revising our thinking and our
research to take those observations into
account has increased the rigor of our
thought and broadened the scope of our
conclusions. The presence of a rich
variety of disciplinary perspectives has
helped us to weave the nets of Sir Arthur
Eddington’s parable more tightly,
enabling us to see for the first time some
of the “smaller fish” that earlier would
have escaped our notice.
Shedding light on invisible forces (a
koan)
Invisible forces of culture,
connection, and curiosity bind us
together and define us as a species that is
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at once both individual and social.
Because both individuality and sociality
are fundamental to the human species,
we are fundamentally interdependent,
connected by invisible, yet powerful,
threads. In exploring these threads, we
have also been led to questions about
how social forces can have effects on
individuals, how the meaning that
individuals (and groups) apply to
particular phenomena or relationships
affect both behavior and biology, and
how our biology makes social
connection possible. We have used the
phrase “invisible forces” to describe the
mechanisms that account for these
effects that we essentially take for
granted, and to suggest by analogy that
they can be investigated rigorously just
as other phenomena, such as gravity or
autonomic regulation, that also are not
immediately present to our visual or
other senses can be studied.
Human minds are unparalleled at
discerning patterns in what they see
against a background of noise and
variation, and they are equally adept at
attributing meaning to them. As the
essays in this volume demonstrate
repeatedly, we readily ascribe patterns
we encounter (or seek to encounter) to
invisible forces of nature, of God, of
kinship, of genes, of culture, of love, of
social connection. A common premise
underlying the work of the network is
that what we know (or what we think we
know), and how we come to know it, are
social endeavors embedded in a shared
view of both the world and how one
talks meaningfully about the world. And
mindful of our human facility to see
patterns (even where none exist!), we are
acutely aware that constant rigorous
testing of assumptions, methods, and
arguments is necessary to make sure that
we are not fooling ourselves into seeing
only what we hope to see.
Humans have a deep need to
create meaning in their interactions with
the world and with each other. We also
have a deep need for making
connections beyond ourselves. The
biological structure we call our brain has
evolved to reward social connection, just
as it rewards the satisfaction of hunger
or thirst. The human biology that directs
and reflects these human needs is what
we have termed the “social brain.”
It is worthwhile to reflect on the
range of invisible forces that we have
considered here. These forces operate at
several different levels, from the
molecular, to individual bodily
functions, to social groups, to societies,
to species. They include such disparate
ideas as evolutionary selective pressure
favoring social connectedness,
anthropomorphism, loneliness, social
connection, emergent phenomena,
connection to a higher being,
transcendence, empathy, language as
carrier for meaning, belief, collective
will, group synchrony, autonomic
regulation, and neural resonance. These
forces interact with one another, too:
loneliness, for instance, acting as an
internal signal of the inadequacy of
one’s bonds of social connection, with
consequent effects on health, mediated
through autonomic regulation, or the role
of belief in mediating scientific
objectivity and empathy.
It is tempting to view individuals,
both souls and bodies, as arising from
lower-level forces within, such as the
operation of specialized neurons and
regulatory biological processes. And it
is tempting to view social structures and
the forces that tend to maintain them as
arising, perhaps emergently, from the
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individuals that make up societies. On
this view, the social level of organization
arises out of the interaction of lowerlevel
entities. But invisible forces
operate in both directions; one’s degree
of social integration or isolation (at the
higher level) can have profound
influence on one’s mental and physical
health (at the lower level). Just how
these forces operate—in both
directions—is one of the main themes of
this book.
A recurring theme is the human
need for connection. As we have
explored this fundamental need, it has
become clear that it can be satisfied in
part by connections not necessarily to
other human persons, but to other minds.
Since the minds of others are in part of
our own construction, connections to a
higher being, or to our pets, or even to a
transcendent order underlying the world,
can fulfill part of what we strive to
attain. Indeed, such non-human
attachments can share the character of
human connection: we can feel valued
by our pet (just as we can feel validated
in a social relationship), we can have an
intimate dyadic relationship with God
(just as we can be intimate with a close
friend), and we can feel a sense of
belonging to the universe (just as we can
feel that we belong to social group).
This explains how different, even
contradictory, notions of a relationship
to God, for instance, can lead different
people each to find meaning in such a
relationship: finding God on the
downtown bus versus encountering God
in the purposeful unfolding of the natural
order.
The ideas of symmetry,
complementarity, coordination, and coregulation
also run through several of
our essays. Regulation of biological
systems is often maintained through
paired systems of biological checks and
balances; when one system is activated,
the other tends to restore equilibrium.
For instance, one set of muscles flexes
the arm, and an opposing set extends it.
We have seen that the sympathetic and
parasympathetic components of the
autonomic nervous system—the system
that makes us breathe and that makes our
heart pump—operate in this way, and
that chronic stimulation of some
systems, like overstretched elastic bands,
lose their ability to spring back. The
notions of observing a behavior and
performing that behavior not only are
conceptually similar, they may be rooted
in a common set of neurological
structures which may, in turn, help us to
understand how we can perceive another
human being as being like us, but not us.
Anthropomorphism is the belief that
other minds mirror our own; this colors
the way we perceive the world and the
other actors in it, a mechanism that
allows us to simulate getting under the
skin of the other person.
Happiness and loneliness are
perceptions about our place in the world
that profoundly affect our physical
bodies and our social relationships.
Religious beliefs, too, can have profound
effects on health and physical wellbeing,
working through the same
biological mechanisms that in health
maintain equilibrium.
Unseen, yet powerful, forces
regulate social behavior. Empathy, for
instance, contributes to the regulation of
social interactions. Synchronous
behavior points to a phenomenon that
makes the individual feel subsumed by
the group, feeling part of a larger,
organic whole. These behaviors can be
as disparate as “the wave” at a sports
stadium or congregational prayer at a
church service. Shared feelings of
Page | 151
transcendence and belonging can
simultaneously lead to greater fitness of
the individual and increased cohesion
and sustainability of the social
organization—another indication of
positive selection associated with the
social brain.
The notion of resonance with
another appears repeatedly through the
book. Our connections to others derive
in part from being able to see what they
see, to hear what they hear, to know
what they know, to feel what they feel.
Or we have to be able to believe not only
that this is possible, but that it happens.
The social brain, in which the same
regions are activated by our own
experience of pain and by our perception
of others in pain, makes both aspects
possible. There is a close connection
between being able to “feel for” another
(empathy) and to “see into” another
mind (anthropomorphism).
Language has the potential to
affect people and groups in part because
it is tied to meaning. Language is the
medium through which we convey,
preserve, and transmit meaning from one
individual to another, and from one
social generation to another. Language
is powerful because it can activate
belief, which in turn can activate
physical responses. Words can bind;
words can terrify; and words can cause
physical pain and death. The power of
words comes from the meanings they
entail about our connections to one
another.
Paradox
Our investigation of invisible
forces involving the social brain has led
us repeatedly to factors that
fundamentally conflict. An important
invisible force is the respect we pay to
the boundary between self and other.
Our relationship to it comes into play in
conceptualizing loneliness,
anthropomorphism, spirituality, group
behavior, empathy, and inclusive fitness.
When we speak of loneliness, this
boundary seems to be an impenetrable
barrier. When we speak of empathy or
anthropomorphism, however, the selfother
boundary is defined by the
similarity and congruence of individuals
to one another, providing a transparent
window through which we perceive and
interact with others (who must be like
us). And when we speak of group
synchrony, the boundary vanishes
completely: self and other are one.
Successful engagement with
others requires work. It is the work of
attending to something, and it is work
that often is needed to resolve competing
forces. Thinking about other minds is a
demanding task and requires attentional
effort. It is this effort that allows us to
manipulate the transparency of the selfother
boundary by what we put in
through learning, attending, seeking, and
projecting. In effect, we can tune the
degree of resonance we have with
members of different groups. Similarly,
consistent attentional effort is also
required for the physician to attend to
the mindfulness of patients, for the
Vineyard church member to experience
God as present in one’s life, and for
another to find connection to an
omnipresent yet invisible God who
works through the very workings of the
world.
What it means to feel a
connection to a higher being is a theme
that several essays explore. As is
evident in these essays, the Network has
considered very different, even
divergent, pictures of what such
connection might entail. These apparent
inconsistencies that can be found in
Page | 152
these portrayals are rooted in the
different aspects of human connections,
and each is grounded in a social context.
Social connection can be intimate,
relational, or collective. For the member
of the Vineyard Church, connection with
God is an intimate two-way relationship,
while in Jonathan Edwards’s sermon in
the Great Awakening, the connection is
relational and involves the coherence (or
lack of it) of the individual with God’s
approval. And the Christian theological
view of connection as a higher order can
be conceived in terms of one’s belonging
within a whole that God’s constancy
makes larger than oneself.
While religion certainly speaks to
individual connection to others and to
the divine, religious practices can also
serve an evolutionary and social function
by strengthening the human capacity for
attending to the personhood of those
who are sick and diminished. The
objectivity of medical science all too
often leads to an objectification of the
patient or, more frequently, the patient’s
disease. The social brain’s capacity to
see others as minds rather than objects
makes it possible to assign meaning to
patients and the ways in which they lack
wholeness.
Crescat scientia; vita excolatur
The possibility that religion and
science can enrich one other, even as one
sets aside truth claims about such
matters as the existence of a deity, is by
no means obvious. But we have come to
see that science can describe what
religion does in rigorous ways that
benefit religion, and religion can serve a
meaning-making function that science
itself disclaims. Gilpin notes that rifts
between science and religion “have
centered on whether one can make
scientific sense of the notion of divine
mind, purpose, or intention.” Our
network sidestepped this question from
the beginning, focusing instead on
related matters such as the consequences
of believing in such a mind, and of
seeing into that mind, for the one doing
the divining.
Those are questions amenable to
empirical investigation, and it is at that
juncture that we can see benefit from our
discussions. As Berntson says, “beliefs
color the way we perceive the world,
they direct and shape our actions, and
define our personalities.” Studying and
debating about how they do so has been
gratifying and immensely enjoyable.
We have engaged in no theological
debate, but have focused on questions
about human beings, their beliefs, their
behaviors, and how those things affect
and are affected by multiple levels of
human connection.
How we conceptualize our
relationships to persons and things
outside our selves has implications for
our health and well-being. Specifically,
we have seen that viewing our
relationships in terms of meaningful
connections with other minds can have
positive implications for individual – as
well as social – health and function. The
more that we can learn about those
implications, the more our increase in
knowledge has the potential to enrich
human life.
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031054.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2018-08-24\+1 
(917) 439-3646 on 2018-08-24 at 10.10.15.ichat 
Service: iMessage 
Start Time: 08/24/18 07:10:15 AM (556812615) 
End Time: 08/24/18 07:15:13 PM (556856113) 
Last Message ID: 19240 
Chat Room: 
Participants: jee, 
Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, 
Messages - 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 07:10:15 AM (556812615) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AAEEBAB6-DFOC-47BD-A2F9-22B0712434C2 
Message: Jeffrey I am up at my sons college trying to move him in 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 07:10:32 AM (556812632) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EC1E1AFA-A2A9-4C40-9096-B960D19B7289 
Message: Any chance we could move dinner to Tuesday 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 07:10:51 AM (556812651) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7CA1D001-CE20-44D4-B25A-37F2F6228B32 
Message: Don't mind missing Woody want to hang with you 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 07:10:51 AM (556812651) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 52464CB4-773A-4FEC-AC50-8ECE5C2E1C54 
Message: I leave tomorrow 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031054 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 07:10:57 AM (556812657) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BOB6F154-AC50-4474-8F7D-8758AB043D84 
Message: Night 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 07:11:09 AM (556812669) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E2EF6DD9-5A61-41AE-9871-6D5EBA784877 
Message: When are you back 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 07:11:20 AM (556812680) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7316014C-43DB-42C2-9780-A9A2F8D17164 
Message: 15th 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 07:11:26 AM (556812686) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7BC8110B-4F05-4BED-A9D9-035C64D48D93 
Message: U? 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 07:13:18 AM (556812798) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BD94BB2E-E387-4D60-9B65-F6F65A75656A 
Message: I am around 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 07:13:29 AM (556812809) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031055 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CC7E1EA9-BC07-4A43-90C9-05OCBC1DD7DD 
Message: Ok Going to try to make it back. 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 08:05:05 AM (556815905) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E131234F-A922-424A-82EC-CBCO5A52371B 
Message: Trump CFO weiselberg now said to have been granted immunity... Not good 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 08:06:11 AM (556815971) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 90A01797-F230-4777-939D-E759498D5B03 
Message: to say the least 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 08:06:33 AM (556815993) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C9CEDAE9-70D9-4A87-BE41-536D7A01F3DD 
Message: he knows all , 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 08:08:03 AM (556816083) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 268A7BFF-C7D5-44BE-AAD1-E5EA504D8A39 
Message: The establishment hates trump 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 08:08:21 AM (556816101) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031056 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E697A602-4933-48EF-AB90-2D825CB23768 
Message: The good news is they are getting him resign by finding illegality rather than 
doing what they did to JFK 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 08:42:15 AM (556818135) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F3B2FFD3-3CE6-4DBE-823E-58084A5FC0B1 
Message: Yup 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 02:55:50 PM (556840550) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7885DB90-F4D6-44BE-9184-FF2D8DBEOD78 
Message: Jeff I apologize for tonight I'm having a hard time getting down there with 
the traffic. I'm up in northern Connecticut trying to unload my son Dorm 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 02:56:03 PM (556840563) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F886E130-ADDC-4EC1-BC28-9817A4D35A9A 
Message: I have to take a rain check for tonight. Can I take you guys to Rao's when you 
get back from your trip after September 15? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 02:56:34 PM (556840594) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7E9C59CF-822F-459C-BD73-EDOE7EBD0995 
Message: no worry easy 
Sender: 
Time: 08/24/18 02:57:14 PM (556840634) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031057 
GUID: 8C2D52FC-66AB-4490-B099-B41DD584D7E0 
Message: OK terrific. I didn't realize he had to give me back there for his lacrosse 
practice this afternoon 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 07:07:01 PM (556855621) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 02B2FA66-17E5-4943-B22B-AD8D1580C4AF 
Message: I assume you are still close to invanka . if so , there are a few of his 
heavy hitter friends that would like to help ( me not included of course ). I think 
a war council. schwartzman wynn, rudy, lorber lefrak.you barrack , should be called in 
to give suggestions . weissleburg , cohen pecker all together doesn't bode well. . 
I didn't add bannon as i know ivanka hates him. though as you said about bedfellows . 
he would be a good addition if it wasn't for his baggage . 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 08/24/18 07:15:13 PM (556856113) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5A30B1CA-8806-45C4-9FC5-F3C938B5A2B9 
Message: and not sure he will actually follow any advice but you could try . 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031058 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014413.txt,"Fiscal policy: turning looser In FY17

Fiscal policy is undergoing an equally important shift. In August, the Cabinet approved
an economic stimulus package totaling JPY28trn (roughly 5.5% of GDP). Though “real
water” government spending is a comparatively modest JPY7.5trn (1.5% of GDP}, this is
enough to put the fiscal impulse back in expansionary territory, after three years of
tightening (Chart 10). The stimulus measures, which are centered on public investment
and cash transfers to households, should boost CY2017 GDP by O.5ppt. Public
construction orders are already rebounding as the government front-loaded public
infrastructure spending (Chart 11). Meanwhile, the next stage of the consumption tax
increase has been postponed until October 2019.

Chart 10: After 3 years of tightening, fiscal policy to turn loose in FY17
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

0.5
-1.0

Contractionary

Forecasts 5

Expansionary
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY1Sf FY16f FYI7f
m Fiscal impulse (change in cyclically-adjusted primary balance), % GDP

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, IMF, CAO

To be clear, we are not talking about massive shifts in the fiscal stance here—the
Ministry of Finance remains very much opposed to expanding the deficit and Prime
Minister Abe has yet to abandon the government’s long-standing goal of balancing the
primary balance by FY2020.

However, there is a growing consensus among Japanese policymakers that premature
fiscal tightening is counter-productive for reflation efforts, especially when monetary
policy is stretched. Even Bo) Governor Kuroda, who initially underplayed the risks from
2014 fiscal tightening, has recently acknowledged that loose monetary and fiscal
policies will have a “synergistic effect.” The upshot is that the risk of another policy
error is low, in our view. If anything, we see upside risks from greater fiscal stimulus in
the form of a third supplementary budget or relatively aggressive FY17 ordinary budget.
We would not rule out further delays to the October 2019 consumption tax hike, either.

Chart 11: Public investment is poised to pick up in the months ahead
30
20
10
0
-10

-20
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

= Public construction orders received %YoY 3mma
=—=Public construction orders completed %YoY 3mma

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MITI

Bankof America >
4 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014413
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028505.txt,"From: Nicholas Ribis 
Sent: 7/16/2017 12:23:00 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Saw Matt C with DTF at golf tournament I know why he was there 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 028505 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028584.txt,"please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028584
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026013.txt,"Results of opening trades against the trend Price versus average fill price

12000 1,12

1,11

10000
11
8000
1,09
6000 1,08
4000 1,07
——E ee amen

1,06
2000
1,05

AFTROMYDDAANHAHTROMYDANHANTROMYDAN
ANTFTNORDOCAMTHRDAHDHONMTORWNOHAAMH
0 At at BH AH TH AA NNNNNN NOHO OOO

arte MODANNMNDWM TMOOMWANNAATHROMWAN
aN MOR DOHIMAMNRADONAMTWORWOANMYM
She ee Sere FE Fe Pe SL Ae SY PY SS EN 1S) een “ae Average contract fill price or price needed to have $0 loss
— Time in minutes Equity ""Actual extimated price

Results of a scenario where a currency pair loses 0.0001 from 1.11 to 1.0741 (3.59 cents total)
every single minute for 360 consecutive minutes can be seen below. This is an extreme case
scenario of a pair losing its value for 6 consecutive hours without any retracement. Please, take
a note that duration and consistency of a price drop are much more important than the value a
drop itself.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026013
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029842.txt,"Agape International Spiritual Center

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Gala and Premiere Screening 6:00 pm. ""Discover the Gift."" VIP reception, followed by viewing. Hosted by Michael
Bernard Beckwith. Tickets from $20.00. Buy Tickets. NYU Skirball Center for the Performing Arts. New York.

Event address: 586 LaGuardia Place, New York. Event web address: skirballcenter.nyu.edu/calendar/discoverthegift.
Tags: Premiere Reception Screenings.

EXPAND

City Parks Foundation

PRINT | TWEET

Summerstage Gala 6:00 pm. Cocktails, dinner and concert. ""Motown Meets NYC,"" theme. Tickets from
$1,000.00. Central Park-Rumsey Playfield. New York. (212) 360-2756.

Event address: East 72nd St. off Fifth Ave., New York. Event web address:
www.summerstage.org/donate_now/gala.html.

Tags: Concert Gala Opening Arts Performing Arts Environmental.

EXPAND

Greater New York Construction User Counci

PRINT | TWEET

2011 Chairman's Reception 6:00 pm. Cocktails and program. Hosted by Jonathan D. Resnick. Steelcase. New York.
Event address: 4 Columbus Circle, New York. Sponsored by Jack Resnick & Sons, Inc, McGowan Builders, Inc,Turner
Construction. Event web address: buildingcongress.com.

Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Association.

EXPAND

ABWA - Association of Black Women Attorneys

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

35th Anniversary Celebration 6:30 pm. Cocktail reception, followed by dinner, awards and dancing. Speaker(s): Kim
K.W. Rucker. Chaired by B. Shea Owens. Tickets from $250.00. Chelsea Piers. New York. Contact:

Sponsorships:. (888) 933-2442.

Chelsea Piers: Pier Sixty. Event address: 23rd St. at the Hudson River, New York.

Tags: Gala Association.

EXPAND

UJA-Federation of New York

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Digital Media and Marketing and Communications Dinner Cocktails and program. Business attire. Honoring Tim
Armstrong, Jack Haber. The Pierre Hotel. New York. (212) 836-1853.

Event address: 2 East 61st St., New York. Event web address: ujafedny.org.

Tags: Dinner Association.

EXPAND

amfAR

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Annual Inspiration Gala 7:00 pm. Cocktails, presentations, runway show, dinner, live auction and performances by Liza
Minnelli and Jennifer Hudson. “Black Tie, Hot Metal,"" theme. Honoring James Franco,Michael Kors. Chaired by Klaus
Bisenbach, Larry Boland,R. Martin Chavez, Ph.D, Paolo Diacci,Adam Norbury. MoMA- Museum of Modern Art. New
York. Contact: Wilson Alexander Aguilar.

Event address: 11 West 53rd Street, New York. Sponsored by Grey Goose,Piaget,Reca Group, Wilhelmina

Models. Event web address: www.amfar.org/spotlight/event.aspx?id=9522.

Tags: Gala Health AIDS.

EXPAND

GenArt

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029842
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020708.txt,"Image source: yuyamika7

#11 Lady With An Ermine

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020708
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024127.txt,"30. What is a Deferred Prosecution Agreement?

A DPA is an agreement entered into between a prosecutor and a defendant in a criminal case whereby in exchange
for successful completion of agreed-upon commitments, the criminal charges against the defendant will be dismissed
in their entirety by the prosecutor.

31. | What enforcement actions have had a significant impact on the AML landscape?

Certain enforcement actions stand out because of the size of the penalties imposed on the institutions and/or the
media attention they received. Examples would include:

e Banking Organizations:

© ABN Amro: In December 2005, ABN Amro was assessed an $80 million Civil Money Penalty (CMP) for
failure to implement an adequate system of internal controls reasonably designed to assure compliance
with U.S. AML laws and regulations. The CMP cited deficiencies within the North American Regional
Clearing Center (NARCC), a unit within the New York Branch of ABN Amro that operated as a clearing
center for funds transfers in U.S. dollars for members within the ABN Amro network and more than 400
third-party financial institutions. Specific findings included the following:

« Failure to staff the compliance function and train compliance personnel adequately
= Failure to file accurate and timely Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs)

= Lack of formal procedures for collecting and reviewing due diligence and assessing the risks of
foreign financial institutions accessing correspondent banking services

= Lack of adequate monitoring of funds transfers for potentially suspicious activity, particularly
funds transfers conducted by financial institutions independent of the ABN Amro network

« Failure to incorporate information on subjects of previous SAR filings, terminated relationships,
and publicly available information on shell companies into its suspicious activity monitoring
program

» Failure to investigate alerts and utilize the capabilities of its automated monitoring software to
manage its money laundering and terrorist financing risk effectively

o American Express: !n August 2007, American Express International Bank (AEIB) was issued a Cease
and Desist (C&D) order and assessed a $20 million CMP and $55 million forfeiture. American Express
Travel Related Services Co. (AETRSC) also was assessed a $5 million CMP. Cross-border payment
made total effective charges, including forfeiture, $65 million. AEIB provided private banking services to
high net worth clients and AETRSC operated as a money services business (MSB). Specific findings
included the following:

» Failure to implement comprehensive customer due diligence (CDD) and enhanced due
diligence (EDD) processes

= Failure to implement effective control measures for bearer shares and other private investment
companies (PICs)

» Failure to adhere to the internal policies for periodic reviews of high-risk accounts
# Inadequate transaction monitoring system due to data integrity and other problems
= Inadequate independent testing of the AML Compliance Program

« Failure to provide adequate oversight of and accountability for the AML Compliance Program
by management of AEIB and its parent company, AEB

o Wachovia: In March 2010, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), FinCEN and the U.S.
Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that Wachovia Bank, N.A., had agreed to a Deferred
Prosecution Agreement with a forfeiture of $110 million with the DOJ, a civil money penalty of $50
million, a C&D with the OCC, and a civil money penalty (CMP) of $110 million with FinCEN. FinCEN
agreed its CMP would be satisfied by the payment of the DOJ forfeiture. Specific findings included the
following:

» Failure to implement adequate policies, procedures and controls for bulk cash transactions
conducted by high-risk casas de cambio and other foreign correspondent banking customers

protiviti 121

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024127
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033033.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 9/13/2017 1:29:54 AM
To: Lesley Groff
Subject: Fwd:

Importance: — High

Date: Wed, Sep 13, 2017 at 3:13 AM
Subject: Re:
To: jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>

perfect & &
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 13, 2017, at 4:07 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Wed at 2?

On Wed, Sep 13, 2017 at 12:26 AM <anasalrasheed [i> wrote:

hi habebey .. i m in new york .. the sooner we meet the faster i go back to be with my son on his first week in a
new school ..

if you bussy dont worry 1 can wait until thursday ..

thnx again

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:43 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

see you then :)

On Sat, Sep 9, 2017 at 6:42 PM, <anasalrashecd iii wrote:

thursday at 6 pm? is that ok?
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:40 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

when is good for you? late thurs? fri lunch whatever you prefer.

On Sat, Sep 9, 2017 at 6:35 PM, <anasalrasheed > wrote:

very well .. plz when you have a minute send me the date and the time .. i know the house by now’
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:31 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

of course

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033033
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030782.txt,"please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030782
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015344.txt,"like to pass along--they can be largely eliminated with, of all things, Visine
eye drops. But pubic hair is practical; serves as a cushion against friction.

The porn industry has played an important part in shaping pubic
styles. Jordan Stein writes in an article titled Has Porn Gone Mainstream?:

‘Consider the near icon status the female porn star has achieved. She is
sO mainstream that even good girls are imitating her various styles of
undress, disappearing hair and all. Porn chic? You bet.”

However, Julia Baird writes in Celebrity Porn. “The idea that the
fashion industry can strip, then exhibit women in the name of ‘porn
chic,’ is a bit silly, frankly. But ‘flesh is the new fabric’ could be the new
catch-cry. Americans call their bush George W. It’ s fashionable--the
curious fact is that it is fueled by the porn aesthetic that celebrities love to
love.”

Among Hollywood actresses, Gwyneth Paltrow and Kirstie Alley have
both admitted favoring Brazilian wax jobs, where most of their pubic hair is
removed, leaving a small tuft that remains hidden under a thong bikini.
Sara Jessica Parker’ s character, Carrie Bradshaw, had her pubic hair
removed during the third season of Sex /n the City. Presumably, it’ s now
in the Smithsonian museum along with Archie Bunker’ s easy chair and

the Fonz’ s leather jacket.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015344
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023450.txt,"﻿Poetry in America IV: The Poetry of Character Development and the Emotional Life Conversations already taped or scheduled include

with  NBA player Jason Collins on Emily Dickinson’s on “My Life has Stood a Loaded Gun”  and “Tell all the Truth”;  with Harvard students on  “ It would have starved a gnat” and “It got so I could take the Trick” ;with national security expert, Anne Marie Slaughter on  “Hope is the Thing with Feathers”; with High School and Middle School teachers on “I’m Nobody” ;  (with Annette Bening and Yo Yo Ma) (filmed at the Emily Dickinson Museum, Amherst, in  Houghton Rare Book Library and in Hauser  Studio 

With New York citizens and Boston High School teachers on “Song of Myself” and sense of self (filmed in Brooklyn Bridge Park and in Harvard Yard) 

With actress and author Lena Dunham and with spoken word poet, Sarah Kay, on Edna St. Vincent Millay and falling in and out of  love (to be filmed in Brooklyn) 

With biographer and filmmaker Jay Parini and Harvard students on Frost’s “Out! Out” and on trauma (filmed at the Robert Frost historical site, Middlebury Vermont;) and with David Coleman, head of the College Board and writer of the Common Core Standards,  on Frost’s “Birches” and learning. 

With director and actor Woody Allen on William Carlos Williams’s “this is just to say” “ and on marriage (filmed in Allen’s studio)  and with poet physician Rafael Campo on Williams and healing 

With Alfre Woodard on Gwendolyn Brooks’s “song of the front yard “ and on obedience to parents (filmed before a live audience in Aspen) 

With Rabbi Moshe Waldocks , on Allen Ginsberg’s “Kaddish” and ritual (filmed in Hauser studio) 

With Bill Clinton, Sonia Sanchez , Herbie Hancock and children from the Harlem Children’s Zone on dreaming and disappointment (filmed in Harlem and LA)

With journalist Katie Couric on “One Art” and on grief and self control and with actress Kate Burton on  “Elizabeth Bishop’s “Poem” and on memory and inheritance

With actor John Lithgow on Frank O’Hara’s “Ave Maria” and on adolescent rebellion 

With hip hop artist Nas on his own breakthrough album, Illmatic, (and on children and crime ) 

With NBA player Shane Battier on Edward Hirsch’s “Fast Break” and on teamwork and love 

With  Reverend Jonathan Walton on Wigglesworth’s “Day of Doom” and blame 





"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018466.txt,"The post about safewords caught the attention of Thomas MacAulay Millar, a feminist
blogger and S&Mer who is older and more established in the blogosphere than I.
Thomas asked if he could annotate the article, then post it on the blog where he usually
writes -- the blog for the excellent sex-positive anti-rape anthology Yes Means Yes. Of
course I agreed. The final product looks something like a conversation between me and
Thomas, although I wrote the post before he added his input.

KOK ok

The Annotated Safeword
Thomas MacAulay Millar:

Clarisse Thorn's post about safewords is so good I'm just going to repost the whole thing
and annotate it.

Clarisse Thorn:

Everyone knows about BDSM safewords... or at least, everyone thinks they know about
safewords. But one of the initial moments that really impressed me about my current
boyfriend was when I asked him, many moons ago, if he knew what a safeword is. He
paused, then answered, ""I think I'm familiar with the idea, but I probably don't know
much more than a stereotype, so I'd like to hear you define it."" Humility and open-minded
curiosity are so incredibly hot!

Righto. Hot boyfriend aside, I'm here to explain safewords and check-ins, and how those
concepts can exemplify excellent sexual communication for everyone -- not just S&Mers
-- ina world that doesn't do a good job teaching anyone how to communicate sexually.

When two (or more) people have a BDSM encounter together, generally they set a
safeword -- a word that anyone can say at any time to stop the action. (Sometimes people
don't use safewords. This is their choice and I totally respect it. I would not recommend
going without safewords for anyone who doesn't know their partner extremely well, and
I would be seriously sketched out by anyone who pressured a partner to go without
safewords.)

Thomas MacAulay Millar:

A word on origin: safewords are only strictly necessary in one circumstance -- where the
participants want words like ""no"" and ""stop"" not to have their ordinary meaning. One can
do BDSM for a lifetime without a safeword, if words have their ordinary meanings. As
former porn star and kinkster Ona Zee once put it (I'm quoting an interview from memory
here), ""our safeword is 'that hurts."""" Folks can even do heavy play depending on how they
react to things, without a safeword, simply saying ""stop"" or ""too much” or ""fuck, I can't
handle any more of that!"" when the play gets too intense. Any BDSMer who would tell
you URDOINITRONG if you use ordinary words to communicate in scene is not
someone you need to listen to.

Safewords are essential for roleplay where ""no, please don't, I'll do anything!"" should not
stop the action. It's also essential for any bottom who will involuntarily shout ""No! Stop!""
while actually wanting more. Other than that, it's an optional tool -- a very, very useful

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018466
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023648.txt,"reduce the unemployment rate, and | can only give you the real impact at the time of the announcement
of each program.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023648
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017755.txt,"Page 41 of 52
2005 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 835, *904

[*905] without proper notice to a victim only if doing so is in the interest of justice, the court provides prompt notice to that
victim of the court's action and of the victim's right to seek reconsideration of the action if a victim's right is affected, and the
court ensures that notice will be properly provided to that victim for all subsequent public proceedings.

(c) Numerous Victims. If the court finds that the number of victims makes it impracticable to accord all of the victims the right
to be present, the court shall fashion a reasonable procedure to facilitate victims’ attendance.

(d) Right To Be Heard on Victims’ Issues. In addition to rights to be heard established elsewhere in these rules, at any public
proceeding at which a victim has the right to attend, the victim has the right to be heard on any matter directly affecting a
victim's right.

The Rationale:

The rules should reflect the CVRA's command that victims have the right to attend public proceedings in all but the most
unusual circumstances. The CVRA guarantees victims the right to attend a proceeding “unless the court, after recetving clear
and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially altered if the victim heard other
testimony at that proceeding."" 777 This is a fundamental right for victims. A crime is often a very significant event in the life of
a victim, and the trial, too, may be extremely important. Victims deserve to see in person whether justice is being done and
should be exempted from the rule requiring trial witnesses to sit outside the courtroom. 7/8 The CVRA adopts this approach by

allowing crime victims, in the vast majority of cases, to attend the hearings and trial of the case involving their victimization.
This is so important because crime victims share an interest with the [*906] government in seeing that justice is done in a
criminal case and this interest supports the idea that victims should not be excluded from public criminal proceedings, whether

these are pretrial, trial, or post-trial proceedings. 77°

Most states have also adopted language affirming a victim's right to attend court proceedings, including the trial. 75°

One way of addressing the victim's right to attend would be to leave the matter to the Federal Rules of Evidence. Federal Rule
of Evidence 615 - the so-called ""rule on witnesses"" - requires exclusion of witnesses with certain exceptions, including the

fourth exception for ""a person authorized by statute to be present."" 75! This exception was added to cover crime victims, 78?

277 18 U.S.C.A. 3771(a)(3) (West 2004 & Supp. 2005).

278 See generally President's Task Force on Victims of Crime, Final Report 80 (1982) (urging that victims be able to attend trial); Douglas E.
Beloof & Paul G. Cassell, The Victim's Right To Attend the Trial: The Reascendant National Consensus, 9 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 481 (2005)
(developing this argument at length).

279 150 Cong. Rec. S4268 (daily ed. Apr. 22, 2004) (statement of Sen. Kyl).

280 See, e.g., Ariz. Const. art. II, 2.1(A) (""To preserve and protect victims' rights to justice and due process, a victim of crime has a right: ...
to be present at and, upon request, to be informed of all criminal proceedings where the defendant has the right to be present.""); Colo. Const.
art. II, 16a (""Any person who is a victim of a criminal act, or such person's designee, legal guardian, or surviving immediate family members
if such person is deceased, shall have the right to be heard when relevant, informed, and present at all critical stages of the criminal justice
process."" (emphasis added)); Idaho Const. art. I, 22 (""A crime victim, as defined by statute, has the following rights: ... (4) to be present at all
criminal justice proceedings ... ."") (emphasis added); La. Const. art. I, 25 (""As defined by law, a victim of crime shall have the right to ... be
present ... during all critical stages of preconviction ... proceedings ... ."" (emphasis added)); Mich. Const. art. I, 24 (""Crime victims ... shall
have the following rights ... The right to attend trial and all other court proceedings the accused has the right to attend."" (emphasis added));
Miss. Const. Ann. art. III, 26A (2000) (""Victims of crime ... shall have the right ... to be present ... when authorized by law, during public
hearings."" (emphasis added)); Mo. Const. art. I, 32 (""Crime victims, as defined by law, shall have the following rights ... (1) the right to be
present at all criminal justice proceedings at which the defendant has such right ... ."" (emphasis added)); Miss. Code Ann. 99-43-21 (2000)
(""The victim has the right to be present throughout all criminal proceedings as defined in Section 99-43-1."" (emphasis added)). See generally
Beloof & Cassell, supra note 278, (collecting all state statutes and rules pertaining to the victim's right to attend).

81 Bed. R. Evid. 615(4).

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017755
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024604.txt,"13

the more-developed south, home of beach resorts catering to
international tourists. The security vacuum may have turned Sinai
into a regional hot spot, but it is also an economic boon to Bedouin
leaders, who have thrived off what is literally an underground
economy. Menaei said that he spent $100,000 to construct a
subterranean tunnel large enough to smuggle cars into nearby Gaza.
""As many as 200 cars a week were smuggled through,"" he said.
""Hamas gets $1,000 per car as tax,"" he explained. ""The buyer pays
me the car's price and rent money for using the tunnel -- $5,000 for a
car and around $8,000 for a truck."" Such a lucrative source of
revenue requires significant weaponry to protect it. ""This is our
operation room,"" Menaei boasted, showing off two 14.5 mm anti-
aircraft machine guns stored in the corner of the room, covered with
bedsheets. The smugglers showed me one of their blockade-busting
tunnels positioned to relieve the Gazans' suffering from the Israeli
blockade and sanctions. It was equipped with ventilation and lighting
systems, as well as network boosters meant to amplify the mobile-
phone signal. Its entrance was well hidden between man-made huts
and fences located amid an olive tree field in the desert. ""I get $50 for
every Palestinian I smuggle into Sinai,"" Menaei said, explaining that
Hamas supervises the smuggling operation from the Gaza side of the
border. Standing nearby, one of his sons demonstrated how the
smugglers plunge safely into the tunnel using a rope tethered above
ground. Salem Aenizan, a fugitive leader from the Tarabin tribe,
insisted that the Bedouins' links to Gaza are based on financial
interest rather than an ideological affinity with Hamas. He told me
that the tunnels are used to smuggle food, cars, medicine, and
construction materials -- but that the weapons trade ceased after
Hamas's 2007 takeover of Gaza and that the smugglers refuse to
transport suicide bombers or people intent on kidnapping tourists.
But the Bedouins' entrepreneurial spirit has nevertheless led to some

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024604
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022556.txt,"consider whether the case involves a possibly widespread
industry practice that should be addressed, whether the
case involves a recidivist, and whether the matter gives SEC
an opportunity to be visible in a community that might not
otherwise be familiar with SEC or the protections afforded
by the securities laws.

For more information about the Enforcement
Division’s procedures concerning investigations, enforce-
ment actions, and cooperation with other regulators, see
the Enforcement Manual at http://www.sec.gov/divisions/

enforce.shtml.

Self-Reporting, Cooperation, and
Remedial Efforts

While the conduct underlying any FCPA investiga-
tion is obviously a fundamental and threshold consider-
ation in deciding what, if any, action to take, both DOJ
and SEC place a high premium on self-reporting, along
with cooperation and remedial efforts, in determining the

appropriate resolution of FCPA matters.

Criminal Cases

Under DOJ’s Principles of Federal Prosecution of
Business Organizations, federal prosecutors consider a
company’s cooperation in determining how to resolve a
corporate criminal case. Specifically, prosecutors consider
whether the company made a voluntary and timely dis-
closure as well as the company’s willingness to provide rel-
evant information and evidence and identify relevant actors
inside and outside the company, including senior execu-
tives. In addition, prosecutors may consider a company’s
remedial actions, including efforts to improve an existing
compliance program or appropriate disciplining of wrong-
doers.*? A company’s remedial measures should be mean-
ingful and illustrate its recognition of the seriousness of the
misconduct, for example, by taking steps to implement the
personnel, operational, and organizational changes neces-
sary to establish an awareness among employees that crimi-
nal conduct will not be tolerated.?*

The Principles of Federal Prosecution similarly provide

that prosecutors may consider an individual’s willingness

Guiding Principles
of Enforcement

to cooperate in deciding whether a prosecution should
be undertaken and how it should be resolved. Although a
willingness to cooperate will not, by itself, generally relieve
a person of criminal liability, it may be given “serious con-
sideration” in evaluating whether to enter into a plea agree-
ment with a defendant, depending on the nature and value
of the cooperation offered”

The US. Sentencing Guidelines similarly take into
account an individual defendant’s cooperation and volun-
tary disclosure. Under § 5K1.1, a defendant’s cooperation,
if sufficiently substantial, may justify the government filing
a motion for a reduced sentence. And under § 5K2.16, a
defendant’s voluntary disclosure of an offense prior to its
discovery—if the offense was unlikely to have been discov-
ered otherwise—may warrant a downward departure in
certain circumstances.

Chapter 8 of the Sentencing Guidelines, which gov-
erns the sentencing of organizations, takes into account an
organization’s remediation as part of an “effective compli-
ance and ethics program.” One of the seven elements of
such a program provides that after the detection of crimi-
nal conduct, “the organization shall take reasonable steps
to respond appropriately to the criminal conduct and to
prevent further similar criminal conduct, including mak-
ing any necessary modifications to the organization’s
compliance and ethics program.” Having an effective
compliance and ethics program may lead to a three-point
reduction in an organization’s culpability score under
§ 8C2.5, which affects the fine calculation under the
Guidelines. Similarly, an organization’s self-reporting,
cooperation, and acceptance of responsibility may lead to
fine reductions under § 8C2.5(g) by decreasing the culpa-
bility score. Conversely, an organization will not qualify
for the compliance program reduction when it unreason-

ably delayed reporting the offense.” Similar to § 5K1.1

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022556

"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021416.txt,"From: Lawrence Krauss Sins

Sent: 12/11/2017 3:22:48 PM

To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

cc: Lawrence Krauss

Subject: Re: URGENT: BuzzFeed News inquiry re allegations of sexual harassment

Attachments: image002.png

Importance: — High

Thanks.. I need to get this or something to them quickly. I do feel the need to respond to each of their claims
otherwise they would say I don’t deny them.. Will include a short preamble. I am going to cc the letter to the
Buzzfeed lawyers. I figure I will see whether the buzzfeed story gets any traction at all, or appears before
putting on my web site, or tweeting and facebooking it.

LMK

On Dec 11, 2017, at 4:18 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

normaly thier strategy will be to take back your defense to the accusers. and attack each one. if they find you
are right they will leave out. and only go with the conflicted. I think you should include short concise cover
letter. that you would like published in it entirety. it can refence your attacjment that you will put on your web
site? . that goes into more details but in general , these are false. they were either investigated and found
lacking or ignored. etc. often they throw out the near publishing date merely to get you to ansser.

On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 7:53 AM, Lawrence Kraus wrote:

a few more minor changes.. one in first line of second paragraph and one misspelling corrected..so you can
read this one:

Lawrence M. Krauss

Director, The Origins Project at ASU
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative
Foundation Professor

School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404

Research Office: ssistant Po
Origins Office

origins.asu.edu | twitter.com/Ikrauss1 | krauss.faculty.asu.edu

<DA866543-7401-4A5A-8E50-FD32E33A50EC.png>

On Dec 10, 2017, at 10:31 PM, Lawrence Krauss ee |:

Second Draft:

| appreciate the opportunity to respond to your email. While | am running the risk that you will report my comments, if you do, either
out of context, or incompletely, | am responding with an effort to be complete. It is hard to know how to respond to a list of false
and/or distorted allegations, along with misleading statements on your part. | treat people | interact with with respect, and | work hard

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021416
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023890.txt,"144 Teaching Minds

Palin: Charlie, if there is legitimate and enough intelligence that
tells us that a strike is imminent against American people, we
have every right to defend our country. In fact, the president
has the obligation, the duty to defend.

I suppose it is not a crime to not know the doctrine of the sitting
president from your own party when you are running for vice presi-
dent, but it does seem odd. But what is worse, is that after being told
what that doctrine is, Palin is content to ramble on incoherently.
Why doesn’t this bother her? Clearly this is not a real issue because it
doesn’t bother her supporters either.

Here is some more from that interview:

Gibson: But this is not just reforming a government. This is also
running a government on the huge international stage in
a very dangerous world. When I asked John McCain about
your national security credentials, he cited the fact that you
have commanded the Alaskan National Guard and that
Alaska is close to Russia. Are those sufficient credentials?

Palin: But it is about reform of government and it’s about putting
government back on the side of the people, and that has
much to do with foreign policy and national security issues.
Let me speak specifically about a credential that I do bring to
this table, Charlie, and that’s with the energy independence
that I’ve been working on for these years as the governor
of this state that produces nearly 20% of the U.S. domestic
supply of energy, that I worked on as chairman of the Alaska
Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, overseeing the oil
and gas development in our state to produce more for the
United States.

Gibson: I know. I’m just saying that national security is a whole
lot more than energy.

Knowledge should matter for high government officials, but it doesn’t
matter precisely because the people who are listening have no knowl-
edge either. Is Sarah Palin intelligent? There are plenty who would
say that she is not. These include those who rank coherent thinking
and the ability to create coherent explanations high on their list of
what constitutes intelligence. But, it should be clear, that is not what

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023890
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027744.txt,"Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/25/19 08:18:06 AM (580490286)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 4C75713B-46DE

3
us

EBB-AFD9-67419FF096D2

Message: None

sender:

Time: 05/25/19 08:18:31 AM (580490311)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AAC9B185-AC28-49CD-91B6-D5FDCC1A6026

Message: I got that-- but u can cram my smarts into 2 days a month

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/25/19 08:19:03 AM (580490343)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C38D4A87-O0D1C-49EC-9109-32EFDCDO0A80

Message: That's the idea , actually 5

Time: 05/25/19 08:19:19 AM (580490359)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: OECIA6A9-30C1-4696-8A55-DD0B9114CB81

Message: 5 good

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/25/19 08:20:57 AM (580490457)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 89F49087-2D23-4474-9C78-6758B43E934A

Message: Im on island 3-10 ny -14 then 6 weeks Paris Saudi morroco

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/25/19 08:24:21 AM (580490661)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027744
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019456.txt,"bs |

C-COCONTA I
WL WYNN

Centre De Formation Technique Pour
L’Avancement Des Jeunes Du Sud’Est Inc.

e Mobilize the local population

e Workers technically trained for couture

e Promotion of couture in Haiti

e Establishment of a major element in the structure for bringing the assembly industry into the area

e Strengthening of institutional structures

SWOT Analysis

When considering market entrance strategy for the business, there were several opportunities and
threats that were considered before starting the business or investing in this Haitian industry. The
SWOT analysis was based on information provided in the secondary sources (PRS Group, 2009,
Schaaf, 2009, The World bank, 2006; The World Bank, 2010; Investment Overview, 2007; CFI,
2010; Economy watch, n.d.; Ozdenli & Bennet, 2007; Icon Group, 2007; Novacek et. al, 2008)

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Low cost of production Lack of professionals

Possibility to outsource the services Bad overall situation in the country
High demand for work Dependence on the world’s aid
Tax exclusion Corrupted environment & shadow economy

Positive legal and regulatory environment Low literacy rate

Geographical proximity compared to China Underdeveloped transport, city, rural,

Previous experience with foreign partners telecommunication, etc. infrastructure

e Haiti experiences many natural disasters
(flooding, earthquake, draught, etc.)

Skilled professionals speak three languages
(French, English, and Spanish).

e The country’s population is quite young (43%
under 15 years, 4% above 65 years)

e Great dependence on foreign aid and imports

e Enormous rich-poor gap (1% of society owns
44% of the wealth)

THREATS

OPPORTUNITIES

e Incorporate the best creative minds from
Haitian Community

e Unstable political situation & Reliance on
foreign aid

e Presence of financial partners to support the
new investment project

e Insecure country with unequal access to the
police protection and security services to all
people in Haiti

Haitian Diaspora in the U.S. is concerned

about Haiti and willing to help e Change in the regulations to less favorable ones

e Corruption, Money laundering activities

PO Box 666 Brentwood, NY 11717 © Phone (631) 273-4100 © Fax (631) 273-4111 © yair@cefotaj.org © Wwww.cefotaj.org

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019456
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014374.txt,"= How to do M&A right: When describing acquisitions that most impressed the
panelists, a key reason for success was the acquirer keeping the target
management in place as well as giving the target management independence. The
scope and planning of the integration was also critical for success.

Chart 88: Do you think M&A activity in financial services will pick Chart 89: If you voted yes, what statement closely matches your
up in 2017? rationale?
70% 60%
60% 50%
50% 40%
30%
40%
20%
30%
° 10%
20% 0%
10% Lower anticipated | Modesteconomic Shareholder activism
regulatory burden, _tailwinds and/or sub- should pick up and
0% particularly on buyers scale businesses will help drive activity
Yes, meaningfully Yes, modestly No, | don’t think deal behoove more
activity will increase institutions to sell
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

Understanding the Changing Fixed Income Markets

We hosted a panel to discuss the evolution of the fixed income market structure given
the advent of electronic trading and regulatory construct. Our panelists included Lee
Olesky (co-founder and CEO of Tradeweb), Adam Brown (Head of US Rates
Electronic Trading at BofAML) and Brian Callahan (Head of US Par Loan Trading
and the head of Electronic Initiatives for Global Credit and Special Situations at
BofAML).

= Electronification of fixed Income markets steadily growing; however, lag
European market. Electronic trading came to fixed income trading in the late
1990’s as a way of automating transactions (i.e. create a more efficient process
between parties}. Today in the US, the investment grade market is 16-20%
electronic, the high yield market is 8% (has doubled over the last few of years), the
treasury market (which has been growing steadily over last 10-15yrs) is 80-90% of
the actual trade count is electronic. While the electronification of the derivative
market was slower to evolve, recent regulatory reform has accelerated the
electronification process (50% today}. That said, while the evolution towards
electronification in the US continues to grow, the European bond market is actually
more advanced with nearly 50% of the bond market automated (vs. 20% for the
US).

= Regardless of possible regulatory relief, electronification may slow but won’t
end entirely. While a partial repeal or lightening of Dodd-Frank would be a net
positive for the financial markets, and possibly lower the costs to banks and end-
users, Mr. Brown doesn’t see a dramatic effect on the market structure. In other
words, regulatory relief may only slow down the electronification progress.

= Electronification within the fixed income market is a modest priority among
asset managers. Fifty-two percent (52%) of the audience polled believe it to be a
modest priority in their own corporate strategy to embrace new
technologies/electronification in fixed income. Mr. Brown was not surprised by the
results as many of the asset managers have their own constraints from technology
funding to regulatory issues to running the day-to-day business. While

60 2016 Future of Financials Conference | 17 November 2016 Bankof America 2
Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014374
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018990.txt,"7/13/06 © PALM BEACH POLICE DEPARTMENT Page: 37
9:27:55 Incident Report Program: CMS3011L

Case No. ... : 1-05-000368 (Continued)

took another friend of HJ. (_ jadvised she was present when
went to work for Jeff. She advised she rode over and
Sat in the kitchen area with MMMM to wait for advised
that while they waited for the house chef prepared lunch for
them, as it was almost lunchtime. As[___|was finished with the
massage, they left the area. I asked[ Jif MEM ever told what
would be expected of her when she provided a massage. stated
yes, MMMM told her that a massage would_be expected possibly naked
and possibly some touching involved. [__]|has no formal training in

providing massages. a6

b7C

[___|spoke about a third and last time she went to_Jeff's house.
MEE Grove another girl, who is[_—s«d|s friend, to
Jeff's house. stated she knew that had made money
providing girls for Jeff and she wanted to do the same. [ME took
them in the kitchen area_of the house and introduced[____]to xx.
and MMMM took[—_sjupstairs to the main bedroom.
advised she doesn t know what happened as[______|Jdid not speak about
what happened in the room. a $100.00 from MM for
going with her to Jeff s house and recommending was
unable to remember[_—~—CédW@L Lephhonee number. The interview was
concluded and we left the area.

Investigation Continues. .

KRKRKEEKRREKKREKREERREREEKEREEER NARRATIVE Ho 10 RRR RK KK RK KE RKREKKEKREEEERE EE

Reported By: RECAREY, JOSEPH 10/09/05
Entered By.: ALTOMARO, NICKIE A. 10/10/05

On October 6, 2005, Det. Dawson and I went to located
in We met with Dean of Students, r
explained to that we were investigating a crime within the
Town of Palm Beach and felt that a student, may have
information. confirmed that is a student and currently

. She was in computer class at
the time of our arriva

. sent a_security guard to locate[_ |
in class and_bring her to the office. [Cd allowed us to
interview[__ Jin an empty conference room.

At 11:45 am I met with[._——C—C—CC CJ and explained to her why we there
to interview her. She advised she was aware of the ongoing
investigation. [___]|stated she had previously spoken with[l___]

who told her she was interviewed by detectives. During a sworn
taped statement, stated she knew that worked for
Jeff in Palm Beach. advised she has been there many times for
massages. I asked her if she had formal training in providing
massages, [____|stated she did not. [~ __] advised she was told what
was expected of her by providing massages and would have to remove
clothing but if she felt uncomfortable just to say so and Jeff would
stop pushing the issue. [__]began providing massages and advised
she kept her clothes on. She considered Jeff a pervert who kept

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018990
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012705.txt,"Daily Business Review: Jeffrey Epstein's attorneys fight to keep plea discussions private Page 2 of 3

served 13 months of an 18-month sentence. He resurfaced recently in New York and has become the subject
of news reports about socializing with Britain's Prince Andrew.

Personal Inquiry

The women say the nonprosecution agreement should be scuttled and Epstein should be open to federal
charges because they were not adequately consulted as required under the Crimes Victims Rights Act. They
seek disclosure of all correspondence between Epstein's attorneys and the government, claiming it would show
prosecutors failed to meet their obligation to keep them and other victims informed.

The U.S. attorney's office argued in a 54-page response April 8 to the women's lawsuit that the law does not
apply because no federal charges were filed against the financier, only a state charge.

The women were denied access to the letters in their civil lawsuit against Epstein, which was settled. The
motion by Black, Lefkowitz and Weinberg said there is ""no doubt"" the women aim to disseminate the material
to news outlets. They urge Marra to “decline the invitation to fuel the media campaign against Mr. Epstein.""

Epstein has had plenty of trouble avoiding the media of late. Reports about his friendship with Prince Andrew
sparked a March 20 three-page letter from Alex Acosta, U.S. attorney when the agreement was reached, to the
Daily Beast online news site.

Acosta said the federal government intervened in Epstein's case at request of police because the Palm Beach
state attorney's office was going to offer him a deal with no jail time. Acosta said his office secured, through
the nonprosecution agreement, jail time for Epstein, his plea to a sex crime against a minor and his designation
as a sex offender.

Acosta's letter said Epstein's defense team was not happy with these conditions and tried to hire private
investigators to delve into the personal lives of prosecutors assigned to the case as a way of undermining the
office's insistence on conditions that went beyond the state case.

""Defense counsel investigated individual prosecutors and their families, looking for personal peccadilloes that
may provide a basis for disqualification,” Acosta wrote.

Sources say the efforts targeted Assistant U.S. Attorneys Jeffrey Sloman and Ann Marie Villafafia. Acosta
refused to remove them.

Acosta, now the law dean at Florida International University in Miami, said he had no comments beyond his
letter. The U.S. attorney's office also declined to comment.

Sloman, who took over as acting U.S. attorney when Acosta became FIU's law dean, later joined the Ferraro
Law Firm in Coral Gables, said only, ""Alex's recollection is correct.""

Black, in an interview with the Daily Business Review, denied Acosta's assertions that the Epstein defense
team examined the prosecutors.

""We don't investigate prosecutors,” he said. ""As far as I know that wasn't done.""

http://www.dailybusinessreview.com/PubArticleFriendlyDBR.jsp?id=1202490901297 4/21/2011

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012705
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018748.txt,"The Site

Remarkable 38.5-acre site will support a themed, large-scale casino resort development

Six to nine month approval process to break ground

750 feet of direct Strip frontage

In-place income generated by existing buildings

505’ of FAA approved height allowance fronting the Strip

H-1 zoning flexibility allows for resort casino/gaming, luxury retail, multifamily, retail, timeshare
Direct visibility to 42 million visitors traveling through McCarran International Airport

Views to south will be unobstructed forever due to lower buildable height restrictions on the south

Existing streets bounding all sides of the Site provide excellent access

"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015423.txt,"remind somebody else to pass a joint, you lose your own turn.” Since
Bogart and Lauren Bacall were a classic Hollywood couple, | was inspired
by that snippet of dialogue to say, “Don’ t baca//that joint.”

4. Intuitively, | was an advocate of equal rights and opportunities for
both genders long before Women’ s Liberation became a movement. In
1959, | wrote, “From a completely idealistic viewpoint, classified ads for
jobs should not have separate Male and Female classifications, with
exceptions such as a _ wet-nurse.” In 1964, that practice became
illegal. Masturbation was a powerful taboo for females, a subdivision of
the war on pleasure, while it was somehow expected of males. But if it was
okay for guys to jack-off, | wrote in a media fable, 7a/es of Tongue Fu, in
1974, then it was also okay for girls to jill-off.

5. In 1979, | covered for a weekly alternative paper the trial of ex-cop
Dan White for the double execution of San Francisco Mayor George
Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, the gay equivalent of Martin Luther
King. In a surprise move, homophobic White’ s defense team presented a
bio-chemical explanation of his behavior, blaming it on compulsive
gobbling down of sugar-filled junk-food snacks. This was a_ purely
accidental tactic. Dale Metcalf, an attorney, told me how he happened to

be playing chess with one of White’ s attorneys, Steven Scherr.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015423
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017032.txt,"a. Conflict resolution involves the decision of whether a query name, associated with
multiple records, can unambiguously refer to a single one of them.
b. Wikipedia. Conflict resolution for Wikipedia records is carried out on the basis the main
article word count and traffic statistics. A conflict is resolved as such :
i. Find the cumulative word count of words written in the articles in conflict.
ii. Find the cumulative number of views resulting from the traffic to the articles in
conflict.
iii. For every record in the conflict, find the fraction of words and views resulting from
this record by dividing by the cumulative counts.
iv. Does a record have the largest fraction of both words written and page views?
v. Does this record have above 66% of either words written and page views?
vi. If so, the conflicted query name can be considered as being sufficiently specific
to the record with these properties.
c. Encyclopedia Britannica. Conflict resolution for Encyclopedia Britannica records is carried
on the basis of the quantity of information snippets present in the dataset.
i. Find the cumulative number of information snippets related to the records in
conflicts.
ii. For every record in the conflict, find the fraction of informational snippets by
dividing with the cumulative count
iii. If a record has greater than 66% of the cumulative total, the query name in
conflict is considered to refer to this record.

l1.7.A.9 Identify the most relevant name used to refer to an individual.

So far, we have obtained, for all individuals in both our databases, a set of names by which they can
plausibly be mentioned. From this set, we wish to identify the best such candidate and use its word
frequency to observe the fame of the person at hand. This optimal name is identified on the basis of the
amplitude of the word frequency, the potential ambiguities which arise from name homonimity and the
quality of the word frequency time series. Examples are shown in Fig $11 and $12.

9) Determine the best query name for every record.
a. Order all the query names associated with a record on the basis of the integral of the
fame signal from the year of birth until the year 2000.
b. Iterating from the strongest fame signal to the lowest, the selected query name is the first
result with the following properties :
i. Unambiguously refers to the record (as determined by conflict resolution, if
needed).

ii. The average fame signal in the window [year of birth + 10 years] is less than 10°
or an order of magnitude less than the average fame signal from the year of birth
to the year 2000.

iii. (Wikipedia Only). The query name, when converted to a Wikipedia URL by
replacing whitespaces with underscores, refers to the record or an inexistent
article. If the name refers to another article or a disambiguation page, the query
name is rejected.

c. If the best query name is a 2-gram name corresponding the last two names in 3-gram
query name, and if the fame integral of the 3-gram name is 80% of the fame integral of
the 2-gram, the best query name is replaced by the 3-gram.

24

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017032
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018301.txt,"conflict, established in its aftermath a new balance that let each King select the
religion of his subjects. Cuius regio, eius religio as the agreements of Westphalia
decided in 1648 - or Whose realm, whose religion. This produced some stability, but
not for long. You could read that line, after all, very personally and see what it
demanded next: My realm, my religion.

In a sense, this revolutionary tumult was necessary to pull power froma
comfortable, established asymmetric arrangement, in which a few people controlled
so much, and into something more symmetric. Luther’s Reformation thinking made
God directly, instantly accessible to anyone. (Just as Copernicus’ scientific way of
thinking gave us, eventually, the ability to question if God existed at all.) Individuals
— and the very birth of the idea of individualism was another heretical slap at the old
institutions - could balance and contend and argue as equals. The notion that men
were “created equal” became increasingly evident in this generation, even as
establishing that equality triggered the French Revolution, the American Civil War
and countless similar conflicts. Democratic systems aspired to enshrine this new
balance, shifting countries from rule-by-birth to rule-by-majorities. In economics,
markets reflected the new picture of power too. How good is that product? What is
the price? Is there demand? became the essential questions, not Which Lord controls
that field. Releasing power into the busy arms of businessmen, politicians, scientists
and artists meant ideas, politics and innovations contended one against the other.
They got better. They evolved. And the sum of all these interacting pieces made
sustained economic growth into a reality for the first time in history. Ina
“commercial society,” Adam Smith explained in The Wealth of Nations, “Every man
lives by exchanging, or becomes in some measure a merchant.” Smith didn’t mean
everyone was really a merchant, rather that in a world of markets each of us - our
labor, our ideas, our capital - is a commodity. We are liberated, but only to compete.
For votes, for jobs, for resources.

If the old faiths and institutions couldn't stand the pressures of these powerful,
equalizing forces, then new ones had to be built. “The scaffolds humans erect,” the
Nobel prize-winning economist Douglass North called these foundations.> The idea
of equality of influence or power - not merely opportunity - demanded new
containers: voting booths, congresses, unions. Rule of law was one of the most
urgently essential: a single code that could be laid down evenly across a society,
demanding that principles of order outweighed the habitual advantages of
prominence or power or birth. Law aspired to make men equal in front of courts.
This, in turn, suggested a new degree of fairness up and down the social order.
Broader literacy, the standardization of measurements or the birth of universal
credit and currencies were all tools for spreading access. Museums, scientific
congresses and industrial fairs helped turn sparks of theoretical knowledge into the

°4 In a commercial society: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2008) 32

°5 “The scaffolds humans erect”: Douglass C. North, Understanding the Process of
Economic Change, (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010) 48

69

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018301
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027023.txt,"e Thank you...

15

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027023
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021371.txt,"usually very reluctant to give up.) But
part and parcel of the account of creation
is the suggestion that God ordinarily
influences human life by bringing about
the very natural and human influences
that shape it. In general, because God
influences the world as its creator, God’s
working does not begin where created
causes break off; God works, instead, in
and through the created causes that God
brings about. Christians are therefore
able to give a double account of most
happenings in the world: one that
discusses what has happened in terms of
the coordinated created powers and
activities sufficient to explain it within
the created order; and one that talks
about God’s creative activity in bringing
about those same coordinated created
powers, activities, and their
consequences in their totality. It is the
sufficiency of the explanation in terms of
created causes—the self-containment of
that explanation within its own order—
that allows human beings to attend to the
created order without taking into account
the relationship of dependence upon God
that is its presupposition.

The temptation to lapse into
habitual obliviousness of one’s
relationship with God is easily
countered, however, by other beliefs
about God that Christians hold.
Christians do not just believe that God is
the creator and sustainer of the universe,
but believe a lot of other things about
God. For example, the common
Christian belief that God acts as more
than a creator in individual lives helps to
counter obliviousness to God. God does
not merely act as creator by giving
individuals the created gifts that make
them what they are—for example, their
own capacities and operations, the
ability to influence and be influenced by
their human and natural environments,

125

Page

and so on. God also acts to give them
God’s very presence—by way, for
example, of their relationship with Christ
who Christians believe is God in human
flesh. The very presence of God in
human life means one’s relationship
with God cannot be ignored. The created
causes and influences, through which
God also influences human life,
consequently no longer have the same
capacity to distract human attention from
God.

Christians often believe,
moreover, that God’s direction of human
life by way of God’s own presence to or
within it is no optional matter: God’s
presence forms an essential component
of human life. In addition to created
capacities and influences brought about
by God, God’s presence is necessary for
ordinary human capacities to operate as
they should.“ To be morally good, for
example, requires not just virtuous
capacities of one’s own, given to one by
God, but the presence of the Holy Spirit
within one. Knowing well requires not
just the formation of good ideas through
the usual human processes of
investigating one’s environment—the
entirety of which has its source in a good
creator God--but also a mind informed
by the very Word of God. And so on.

Such beliefs imply that attention
to God’s presence, some sort of God-
directedness, should be a constant
feature of an individual’s everyday,
ordinary life, in order for that life to be
lived well. The individual Christian is
accordingly given a reason to bring to
mind his or her relationship with God,
motivated to attend to that relationship
as much as possible, indeed, in the effort
to lead a better life. An active God-
reference becomes part of a prospective,
goal-oriented process of self-reformation

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021371
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028310.txt,"THE HOUSE OF THE NOBLEMAN
CURATED BY WOLFE VON LENKIEWICZ & VICTORIA GOLEMBIOVSKAYA

PRESS CLIPPING (INTERNET)

http://the-original-neonneon.blogspot.com/2010 10 01 archive.html

The Neon Art of Tracey Emin

Monday, 11 October 2010

Last Friday was spent at 2 Cornwall Terrace, London NW1 next to Regent's Park installing ""| Kiss You"" by Tracey
Emin for ""The House of the Nobleman"" art exhibition running from October 15th-20th and coinciding with the
Frieze Art Fair. Curated by artist Wolfe von Lenkiewicz and Victoria Golembiovskaya the show comprises 68 works
of art from both private collectors and art dealers including works by Picasso, Poussin, Rodin, Cezanne, Warhol,

Banksy and of course Tracey Emin.

Entry to the exhibition is free but you will need to register for admission. Well worth a look if you are going to
Frieze.

30

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028310
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027745.txt,"Flags: 1085445

Is Read:

No

Is Invitation: No

a5

GUID: B79D303D-C898-42BE-88A9-A1BA5359CDD5

Message:

If Boris Johnson wins plus horowitz report plus deutsh bank doc plus Michael s
book june will be activ ive asked Peter for eric contact

Time: 05/25/19 08:25:11 AM (580490711)

Flags: 1060865

ITs Read:

Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: FD17!

Message:

Sender:

You are Paris from when to when

:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/25/19 08:30:47 AM (580491047)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read:

No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 5A068277-8A14-40

Message:

Sender:

BSA6-8601-4398-910E-15DF1BA61512

E6-Al11D-8BAF61B5341C

Flying morning of 14 from ny -30

:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/25/19 08:33:35 AM (580491215)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read:

No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1F!

Message:

£37308-9F56-41C4-AA33-D2DAD8A13FF6

I'm reading in the closet as you suggested - wow

Time: 05/25/19 08:39:20 AM (580491560)

Flags: 1126401

Is Read:

Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1577E2BD-1931-4700-B214-9D49DCOB8F

Message:

My wall dud New Mexico rig

on fox and friends on Monday to release

sender:

Time: 05

Flags: 1

/25/19 08:39:20 AM (580491560)
060865

6
Ei

ht outside

El Paso -- in total secret -- we go

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027745
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023891.txt,"Defining Intelligence 145

generally is thought of as intelligence. IQ tests have been measuring
intelligence for decades with questions like these:

At the end of a banquet 10 people shake hands with each other.
How many handshakes will there be in total?

A. 100

B. 20

C. 45

D. 50

E. 90

The day before the day before yesterday is three days after
Saturday. What day is it today?

A. Monday

B. Tuesday

C. Wednesday

D. Thursday

E. Friday

Which number should come next in the series 1, 3, 6, 10, 15?

A.8

B. 11
C, 24
D. 21
E, 27

Library is to book as book is to
A, page
B. copy
C. binding
D. cover

It is a reasonable guess that neither Palin nor her supporters would do
really well on questions like these. But the real issue is why questions
like these were chosen to be on IQ tests in the first place. Certainly
our concept of intelligence, and how to measure it, depends on some
vague sense of mathematical reasoning ability rather than real-life
situation reasoning ability.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023891
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021417.txt,"to support and mentor students, colleagues, and members of the general public. | do not sexually harass people. If the purpose of
your reporting is to somehow argue that Universities and other institutions are lax in dealing with well known individuals like myself,
then in fact the situation is quite the opposite. My high public profile opens me up to more scrutiny at these institutions, not less, and it
also opens me up to a host of outside complaints and allegations that other faculty do not receive, each of which the University has to
respond to. The fact that | have remained a professor in all Universities with which | have been associated, in good standing, and also
an officer or an invited speaker at organizations like CFI, which have strict harassment policies, is a confirmation of the fact that they
trust my behavior. | was asked to be an honorary director of CFI, and invited to their last 3 meetings to speak, specifically because, as
they have written me after the fact, the attendees universally appreciated my talks, my courtesy, and graciousness in spending time
with the attendees. If the purpose of your report is to impugn my integrity or suggest | have a history of harassment, that too is

false. As noted in one of your 'miscellaneous facts’, as a scientist | try and remain skeptical, and rely on empirical evidence, rather
than allegations and innuendo. | also try and judge the facts in context. The fact that Universities and other organizations employ me
or have me on their boards, or invite me to meetings is because they value my contributions and my actions.

The items you list are false or distorted. Item 1 refers falsely and inaccurately to a consensual encounter in my hotel room in 2006
where we mutually decided, in a polite discussion in fact, that taking it any further would not be appropriate, and there were respectful
and platonic encounters afterwards. There is nothing to comment on in item 3, which involves an anonymous 3rd party claim

because | know nothing about it, there are no details provided, and it clearly was not taken seriously enough to result in any university
action. Item 4 is confusing. Are you saying that because | decided | didn’t want to go out to a bar with a group of attendees that | was
harassing them? The second part did not happen. Re incident 5: The ‘female companion’ in this case is my wife, who can attest to
the fact that the claim is false, which is what | wrote at the time in response to the blog in question, causing it to be taken down.

It is worth responding to Item 2 and 6 in more detail,

Re item 2: the student in question was interested in science communication, and on dozens of occasions came to me or wrote to me
with questions. When she asked about advice for after graduation | DID tell her she was different than the other students in her

year. The rest of them were interested in going on to graduate school, but she was interested in science communication so | told her
that she might want to take a different path. Since she was the only woman in her year, as | recall, | did ask her on one of these
occasions if that made it difficult for her in any way. | asked, because as a faculty member | was interested in knowing what we could
do, if necessary to encourage more women to go into physics, and also because as someone she had asked for career advice from |
wanted to know if that made a difference to her. Re asking her for dinner.. | have gone back over emails from that period. | have
numerous requests from her asking me to go for coffee to talk, which | usually had to turn down because | was busy, and on several
occasions sh specifically asked me to have coffee with her off campus to talk, and | politely declined. | did let her accompany me off
campus one time to watch me do a BBC interview because she specifically requested it. | did and do have coffee and meals with
students on campus, and | see nothing wrong with this. | try to treat even students as respected colleagues if possible. | was shocked
when | later learned of the complaint she was apparently asked to lodge to the University, not least because there was no
inappropriate interaction and also because, well after the dates you listed on which she was apparently offended, she continued to
email me with joking questions or comments. Also, at a later AAAS conference, again in 2008, for which she had asked, and for
which | had written her a letter of recommendation to attend, my wife and | gave her a lift in our taxi well out out of our way in order to
drop her off at her hotel, and | note in an email response to her email about the conference, agin in 2008, | expressed that | would
pass her regards along to my wife and vice versa. When the University later informed me of the complaint | was shocked and
concerned. When | spoke to the human resources person, including relating my concerns and providing the emails in question, | was
told that no formal complaint of sexual harassment was deemed at that time to be called for, and that the young woman in question
had agreed to that. By that time | learned of the complaint | had already announced my intentions to leave Case to accept an offer at
ASU—a very difficult decision for me because of my long-standing attachment to the University, and the excellent relations | had with
my colleagues there, both among the faculty and among the administration. Because | was already in Arizona at the time | was asked
not to have any further interaction with the student | agreed to that request, both to respect her sensitivities and also because it was
basically moot because | was not on campus. | was also told that because it was being handled informally, that (a) it should remain
confidential, which |, at least abided by, and (b) if no further complaints were lodged in that case, that the University would remove the
complaint from my record after 5 years, which makes me surprised that someone violated that written agreement with you.

Re item 6: You report on ASU’s response to item #6 , without including the fact that the University specifically stated there were never
any allegations of sexual misconduct or harassment by me at the University, and morever the outside complaints were in fact related
specifically to your item #6. Further you neglect to mention that this complaint was by an anonymous third party, not the individual
who was allegedly harassed, who never lodged a complaint, and that no specific evidence was provided of the alleged

transgression. | was surprised and dismayed that both ASU and ANU launched investigations on the basis of this but was told by both
Universities that because of my high profile even such unsubstantiated third party complaints at private events unrelated to the
University would be investigated. The complaint was investigated throughly by both ASU and ANU and both came to the conclusion
that it was not credible and no university policies had been violated. . In addition ANU’s investigation, which took a full month found
significant inconsistencies in the allegation, suggesting distortion and fabrication, | will quote from the ANU report. The initial
complaint, which in fact resulted in a temporary suspension of my position at ANU, until it was dismissed, outlined the claim you made
in the words you quoted in your note to me, but it also stated

""It is the University’s understanding that a complaint was lodged directly to the conference organisers at the time of the incident.”
After the month-long investigation, during which | was told | was not to interact with anyone on campus (again moot because | was a
hemisphere removed) the final report absolved me of any wrongdoing, and indicated information inconsistent with the original claim

and apparent later claims as follows in the report, from which | quote:

""The allegations were made by an observer to the incident.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021417
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028476.txt,"October for the wildlife charity Tusk Trust, which organized the so-called Tusk

Trail."",""type"":""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
44"",""“inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"": {""length"":158, ""start"":0},""textsStyle"":"" anf-ts-
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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"":""Prices ar xpected to go far higher than $15,000 4€"" the
amount paid in 1998 to a Swiss artist who designed the fiberglass cows that set off a
worldwide

trend."", ""type™:""text""}, {(""additions""™: [{""URL"":""https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/31/nyregio
n/is-nothing-sacred-international-discontent-erupts-over-a-cow
parade.html?partner=applenewséad

keywords=APPLEMOBILE&region=written throughé&asset_id=100000006108935"", ""range™: {""length""

:22,""start"":75},""type"":""Link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-body-
45"",""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"": {""length"":134,""start"":0},""textsStyle"":"" anf-ts-
100""}, {""range™:{""length"":134,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-100""}],""layout"":""default—

body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""a€el gave them character. I gave them feelings,a€ that
artist, Roland Muller, told The Times in 2000. A€el wanted people to react to

them.a4€"", ""type"": ""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
46"",""“inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"":{""length"":89,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

100""}, {""range""™:{""length"":89,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-100""}],""layout"":""default—
body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""His cows were mass produced, decorated by local artists and
then put in Zurichae™s

streets."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""additions"": [{""URL"":""https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/24/nyreg

ion/bovine-crimes-strike-an-unlikely-cow-town.html?partner=applenewséad

ke ywords=APPLEMOBILEéregion=written throughéasset_id=100000006108935"", ""range"": {""length""
216, ""start"":137},""type™:""link""}, {""URL"":""https://intransit.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/25/
who-let-the-cows-in/?partner=applenewséad
ke ywords=APPLEMOBILEéregion=written throughéasset_id=100000006108935"", ""range"": {""length""
218, ""start"":156},""type"":""link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-body-
47"",""“inlineTextsStyles"":[{""range"":{""length"":175, ""start"":0},""textsStyle"":"" anf-ts-
100""}, {""range""™: {""length"":175,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-100""}],""layout"":""default—
body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""Few expected his cow parade to be anything more than a
quirky local event. But it was such a tourist draw that cows were soon arriving 4€"" and
being tipped 4€"" all over the
place."",""type"":""text""}, {""additions"": [{""URL"":""https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/28/arts/ar
t-review-stretching-definitions-of-outdoor-sculpture.html?partner=applenewséad
keywords=APPLEMOBILE&region=written throughé&asset_id=100000006108935"", ""range"": {""length""
217, ""start"":57},""type™:""link""}, {""URL"":""https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/20/arts/art-on-
streets-till-the-cows-come-home.html?partner=applenewséad
keywords=APPLEMOBILE&region=written throughé&asset_id=100000006108935"", ""range™: {""length""
274, ""start "":241}, ""type"": ""link""}, {""URL"":""https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-
site/gallery/2014/nov/03/paddington-bear-trail-sculptures-

celebrities"", ""range"": {""length"":5, ""start"":249}, ""type™:""link""}, {""URL"":""http://gallopalooz
a.com/showcase/"", ""range"": {""length"":6, ""start"":256}, ""type"":""link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-
body-48"", ""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range""™:{""length"":284,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-
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body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""Not everyone was pleased. Roberta Smith, our art critic,
wrote at the time that the cows made outdoor sculptures d4€ea near inescapable
conditiona€ after appearing in New York. But they remain popular. There have been

parades of everything from pigs to bears, horses, elephants and
lions."",""type"":""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-

49"",""“inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"": {""length"":39,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-
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100""}, {""range™: {""length"":39,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default-—
body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text""™:""Alex Marshall wrote todayd€™s Back
Story."",""type"":""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
50"",""inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"":{""length"":5,""start"":0},""textsStyle"":"" anf-ts-
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100""}, {""range"":{""length"":5,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default—
body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text""™:"" "",""type™:""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-

51"", “inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"":{""length"":71,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-—
100""}, {""range"":{""length"":71,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

100""}, {""range""™:{""length"":71,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default-
body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"":""Your Morning Briefing is published weekday mornings and

updated
online."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""additions"": [{""URL"":""https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/
briefing/global-morning-briefing-newsletter-signup.html?partner=applenewséad

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028476
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022557.txt,"for individuals, organizations can qualify for departures limit SEC’s broad discretion to evaluate every case indi-

pursuant to § 8C4.1 of the Guidelines for cooperating in vidually on its own unique facts and circumstances. Similar
the prosecution of others. to SEC’s treatment of cooperating individuals, credit
for cooperation by companies may range from taking no

Civil Cases enforcement action to pursuing reduced sanctions in con-

SEC’s Framework for Evaluating Cooperation by
Companies

SEC’s framework for evaluating cooperation by com-
panies is set forth in its 2001 Report of Investigation Pursuant
to Section 21 (a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
Commission Statement on the Relationship of Cooperation to
Agency Enforcement Decisions, which is commonly known
as the Seaboard Report.”* The report, which explained the
Commission’s decision not to take enforcement action
against a public company for certain accounting violations
caused by its subsidiary, details the many factors SEC consid-
ers in determining whether, and to what extent, it grants leni-
ency to companies for cooperating in its investigations and
for related good corporate citizenship. Specifically, the report
identifies four broad measures of a company’s cooperation:

e self-policing prior to the discovery of the miscon-
duct, including establishing effective compliance
procedures and an appropriate tone at the top;

e self-reporting of misconduct when it is discovered,
including conducting a thorough review of the
nature, extent, origins, and consequences of the mis-
conduct, and promptly, completely, and effectively
disclosing the misconduct to the public, to regula-
tory agencies, and to self regulatory organizations;

e remediation, including dismissing or appropriately
disciplining wrongdoers, modifying and improv-
ing internal controls and procedures to prevent
recurrence of the misconduct, and appropriately
compensating those adversely affected; and

* cooperation with law enforcement authorities,
including providing SEC staff with all informa-
tion relevant to the underlying violations and the
company’s remedial efforts.

Since every enforcement matter is different, this ana-

lytical framework sets forth general principles but does not

55

nection with enforcement actions.

SEC’s Framework for Evaluating Cooperation by

Individuals

In 2010, SEC announced a new cooperation program

for individuals.” SEC staff has a wide range of tools to

facilitate and reward cooperation by individuals, from tak-

ing no enforcement action to pursuing reduced sanctions in

connection with enforcement actions. Although the evalu-

ation of cooperation depends on the specific circumstances,

SEC generally evaluates four factors to determine whether,

to what extent, and in what manner to credit cooperation

by individuals:

the assistance provided by the cooperating indi-
vidual in SEC’s investigation or related enforce-
ment actions, including, among other things: the
value and timeliness of the cooperation, including
whether the individual was the first to report the
misconduct to SEC or to offer his or her coopera-
tion; whether the investigation was initiated based
upon the information or other cooperation by the
individual; the quality of the cooperation, includ-
ing whether the individual was truthful and the
cooperation was complete; the time and resources
conserved as a result of the individual's coopera-
tion; and the nature of the cooperation, such as the
type of assistance provided;

the importance of the matter in which the indi-
vidual provided cooperation;

the societal interest in ensuring that the cooperat-
ing individual is held accountable for his or her
misconduct, including the severity of the individ-
ual’s misconduct, the culpability of the individual,
and the efforts undertaken by the individual to

remediate the harm; and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022557
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024605.txt,"14

interesting opportunities. ""We built the Gaza Zoo,"" Aenizan boasted.
""IT received $20,000 once for smuggling a tiger. We had to drug it.""
For the Bedouins, the profits that they reap from smuggling are only
compensation for generations of neglect and outright hostility from
Egypt's central government. ""Only 10 percent of my people benefit
from the tourism industry,"" Aenizan said. ""The rest is pocketed by
Egyptian tycoons."" It is not unusual for Bedouins to refer to non-
Bedouins as ""Egyptians"" -- a sign of their detachment from Egyptian
society. Running water is still scarce in many areas of Sinai, another
sign of the government's negligence. Although most Bedouins hold
Egyptian citizenship, they are not allowed into the high ranks of the
military, according to Aenizan and Menaei.

Aenizan, who is wanted on an 80-year sentence for allegedly
smuggling goods, described how interactions with the corrupt judicial
system often sour Bedouins on the state. ""They jailed our women to
force us to turn ourselves in,"" he said, attempting to justify his
contempt toward the government. ""I didn't even enter a court or have
a lawyer. They ask you to be an informer. If you refuse, they frame
you."" The Bedouins' long-simmering frustration with the Egyptian
state boiled over during the mass protests that led to Mubarak's fall
from power. Three police officers were kidnapped by armed men in el-
Arish during the height of the revolution, and their whereabouts still
remain unknown. Tourists fled the city as lawlessness grew more
pronounced. But while Sinai's disorder has mainly been exploited by
people looking to make a quick buck, a disturbing ideological
element has also tried to fill the political space. On July 29, during a
protest calling for an Islamic state after Friday prayers in el-Arish,
close to 100 armed militants mounted on motorcycles and pickup
trucks stormed through the city waving black flags, terrorizing
residents, and attacking the police station. Gun battles with security
forces lasted for hours, leaving seven people dead, including two

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024605
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023649.txt,"* How much do your highness expect the anticipated increase in the public debt in 2017/2018?

- Public debt as announced in the fiscal balance program will not exceed 30%, we target the public debt
on the GDB 30% and so far, we have not reached 30%. There are some expectations that even in 2020
we will be less than 30%. A public debt of 30% does not mean a problem, some of the countries in the
world have GDB in some of them up to 50%, some up to 60% and some up to 200%, including G20
countries. If we look at the big countries, the five major economies have more than 30% public debt. So
that, it is healthy for the Saudi economy to involve a percent of public debt, which means that we have
opportunities for development programs on which we spend money. We have two options: to spend
and continue to develop, to create jobs, to create opportunities, to create private sector opportunities,
or to stop spending. Our public debt is very low, giving us a comparative advantage that we can rise to
international rates and continue to spend.

* How do you see the future of the Public Investment Fund over the next three years? Would it be an
internal or internal and external investment?

- The Public Investment Fund is one of the most important pillars of Vision 2030. We have several
opportunities to develop the size of the Public Investment Fund:

1- Unutilized assets. Too many assets have been entered, some of which may have been reviewed
or announced to the public investment fund. These will be reflected in the size of the fund, the
size of the value of the fund, and the profits of the fund.

2- We have heard that some of the reserves that are not of the state's funds need to be transferred
to the public investment fund, about 100 billion riyals several months ago. Also, there is a
restructuring of the public investment fund companies so that their performance, growth and
profits are better than the previous. All of these will maximize the size of the Public Investment
Fund, on top of this the offer of Saudi Aramco.

* His Highness the prince, What about Aramco?

- As we state, the most important offer in the Public Investment Fund is the ARAMCO offer. This will
provide huge sums to the Public Investment Fund and also it will help in targeting many sectors inside
and outside Saudi Arabia. One of the most important sectors to be targeted by the Fund within Saudi
Arabia, is the mining sector. According to the survey of the 1970s, which was re-examined last year, |
think there are mining opportunities of (Trillion and three hundred billion US dollars). The value of
minerals in Saudi Arabia, of which gold is more than 240 billion US dollars and that requires a very huge
investment. It is always difficult for foreign and domestic investors to take risks in a new sector such as
mining. Consequently, the investment should be through the Public Investment Fund. The company of
Aramco contribution with part of the money (cash) in the fund will provide the Fund with the ability to
invest in this new sector, which has now only utilized less than 3%, and we have another very important
goal which is the local content target. Today's volume of Saudi Arabia purchases outside the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia on goods, commodities, activities or so on, amounting to US $ 230 billion. According to the
vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030, half of this spending will be within the Kingdom, and when
we talk about what are the most important local content items (S 230 billion), the most important item
is Military manufacturing, which ranges from $ 50 to S$ 70 billion a year, sometimes increases,
sometimes less. We are the third largest country in the world to spend 99% of the military armament
outside the Kingdom. This is a huge opportunity to create large industries within the Kingdom, also to

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023649
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017754.txt,"Page 40 of 52
2005 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 835, *903

the opportunity to make ""sentencing recommendations."" 7”4 Given that matters in the presentence report may often determine
what effect a sentencing recommendation will have, the victim's right presumably extends to participating in the process that
determines the Guideline range.

The changes in Rule 32 noted above simply incorporate the victim in the Guidelines process. Changing the rule in this fashion
would also clarify the appropriate sequencing of sentencing hearings. Rule 32(i) already allows the victim to submit ""any
information"" about the sentencing. 77° Yet if the experience in my court is any guide, the victim's allocution frequently occurs
only after the court has decided all the issues surrounding the presentence report. For the victim's right to provide information
to the court to truly have meaning, the victim's information must be presented early enough to potentially affect critical
sentencing issues, including issues about Guidelines calculations.

As with the changes discussed in the previous section, changes in the Sentencing Guidelines Manual are also required here. The
Advisory Committee also should coordinate with the Sentencing Commission to ensure that its actions are consistent.

Rule 32()(4) - Conforming Amendment to Victims’ Right To Be Heard
The Proposal:
Rule 32(1)(4) should be amended to conform the definition of victim to that found in the CVRA as follows:

(B) By a Victim. Before imposing sentence, the court must address any victim of a the crime of violence or sexual abuse who is
present at sentencing and must permit the victim to speak or submit any information about the sentence. Whether or not the
victim is [*904] present, a victim's right to address the court may be exercised by the following persons if present:

(i) a parent or legal guardian, if the victim is younger than 18 years or is incompetent; or
(i1) one or more family members or relatives the court designates, if the victim is deceased or incapacitated.
The Rationale:

As noted earlier, 77° Rule 32 currently contains a definition of ""victim"" that is narrower than the CVRA's definition. The

simplest fix is simply to strike the definition of victim and victim's representative here and include an appropriate definition in
Rule 1.

(New) Rule 43.1 - Victim's Right To Attend Trials

The Proposal:

A new rule implementing the victim's right to be present at trials and other proceedings should be added as follows:
Rule 43.1 Victim's Presence

(a) Victim's Right To Attend. A victim has the right to attend any public court proceeding, unless the court, after receiving clear
and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially altered if the victim heard other
testimony at that proceeding. Before making any determination to exclude a victim, the court shall make every effort to permit
the fullest attendance possible by the victim and shall consider reasonable alternatives to the exclusion of the victim from the
criminal proceeding. The reasons for any decision to exclude a victim shall be clearly stated on the record.

(b) Proceeding With and Without Notice. The court may proceed with a public proceeding without a victim if proper notice has
been provided to that victim under Rule 10.1. The court may proceed with a public proceeding (other than a trial or sentencing)

274 Td,

275, Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(i)(4)(B).

276 See discussion supra notes 120-27, 220-23 and accompanying text discussing Rules 1 and 32(a).

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017754
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018467.txt,"one, for many reasons. Clarisse mentioned that some people ""don't use safewords."" From
the context, she's talking not about people for whom no means no in scene, but people for
whom there is no definitive way for the bottom to stop the scene. And perhaps readers
can tell from Clarisse's tone that that's... the advanced class. You'll find the safety police
in any BDSM space or community that finger-wag about it, and the swaggering more-
kinky-than-thous that brag about it. But what does it mean?

I can only tell you what it means for me. There are times I give up my safeword: only to
my spouse. We've been playing together for about a decade and a half. If I give up my
safeword, and that's something we do rarely, it doesn't mean I don't have limits. I have
limits! Yes I do! There are things I can't handle, mentally or physically, and things I
never want to handle! There are ""hard limits,"" things I've said I'm just not willing to do.
And there are soft limits, things I don't think I'm ready for but I'm willing to bump up
against them and see what happens. If I give up my safeword, it means I have limits, but
instead of telling her when I've reached them, I'm going to trust her to listen to me and
watch me and make that decision. I may say, ""I can't, I can't, I can't,"" and she may decide
I really can't. Or she may decide I've got more in me than I believe I do. There's a lot of
risk associated with that. But there's a trust in those moments and a closeness that does
not go away when the scene is over. Or ever, really. Risk and reward: we set our own
tolerances.

Some folks may have come across the term ""consensual nonconsent."" It's one of those
terms with multiple meanings. Some people use it to describe any situation where the
bottom is saying ""no, don't"" but has not yet safeworded -- a usage I find less than useful.
Others use it to describe roleplays of nonconsensual situations. The last common usage,
though, is that which I like to describe using Hunter S. Thompson's phrase, ""buy the
ticket, take the ride.” It means that the bottom consents to be in a situation I've just
described, where the top decides if the bottom needs to stop, often but not always around
specific activities, and usually (wisely) heavily negotiated.

Clarisse Thorn:
When I give advice about setting safewords, I usually offer the following:

A) Some people like to say that it's good to use a safeword that's jolting, and is likely to
make your partner feel totally unsexy. Isn't there a Family Guy episode in which Lois &
Peter's safeword is ""banana"" or something?

Thomas MacAulay Millar:

Not a fan. The more obscure a safeword, the harder it is for a bottom who is spacey or
flying on endorphins to access it. It's easy to remember ""banana"" in the calm before the
storm. At the moment when it's most needed, that can easily become a muddle of
""yellow? was it a fruit? Shit, what do I do?"" That's not a place bottoms want to find
themselves and a top never, never, never wants to have a bottom who is at a limit but
can't communicate about it.

Clarisse Thorn:

B) In my experience, the generally accepted safewords in the S&M community are

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018467
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030783.txt,"Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030783
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033032.txt,"constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033032
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015345.txt,"On ABC’ s Women’ s Murder Club, a medical examiner directs her
gaze to the crotch of a female corpse and says, “That’ s not your
mama’ s bikini wax."" On 7he View, Joy Behar said, “No pubic hair
creates a wind tunnel.” And in a hysterical episode of HBO’ s dark
comedy series, Curb Your Enthusiasm, former Se/nfe/d producer Larry
David performed oral sex on his wife, and in the process he sort of
swallowed one of her pubic hairs. The next day, he was still choking on it,
like a cat trying to get rid of a hairball.

A psychologist at Harvard Medical School and author of Survival of
the Prettiest: The Science of Beauty, Nancy Etcoff, writes that “There’ s
also an erotic, sexual component to hairlessness because your skin is more
sensitive when it’ s more exposed. Women today are emulating porn stars
who have no pubic hair, and | think men like it.”

My own resistance to the plethora of bald pussies stems from my
pre-adolescent days when pubic hair was such a big taboo that | became
obsessed with it. In those pre-bikini days, | would go to Coney Island and
stroll around the sand, sneaking glances at ladies in the hope of finding a
few stray curlicues of forbidden pubic hair peeking out from their various
and sun-dried crotches. And if | was able to discover any, why, it felt as

though | had experienced a really productive afternoon.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015345
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020709.txt,"Image source: yuyamika7

#12 Harley Quinn

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020709
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024126.txt,"In June 2011, FinCEN entered into an MOU with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which provides
the CFPB direct electronic access to BSA information and analytical materials (e.g., analytical tools, BSA information
reviews, etc.) as required and appropriate for the exercise of the CFPB's regulatory authority. In return, the CFPB,
upon request, will provide reports on the results of its investigations or examinations and statistical information related
to any inquiries to assist FinCEN in understanding and analyzing the value of BSA information.

Enforcement Actions

27. What types of enforcement actions are available to regulators for addressing AML
Compliance Program deficiencies and violations?

Regulators have a range of enforcement tools available to address AML Compliance Program deficiencies and
violations of AML laws and regulations.

While enforcement actions against nonbanks have increased in recent years, the number of enforcement actions
issued by bank regulators continues to outnumber those of other agencies, at least in the United States. Examples of
enforcement actions available to U.S. bank regulators in order of severity are:

e Commitment Letter: A Commitment Letter is an agreement between a bank's board of directors and a bank
regulator in which the board, on behalf of a bank, agrees to take certain actions to address issues or concerns
surfaced by the regulator. A Commitment Letter is not legally binding, but the failure of a bank to live up to the
terms of the Commitment Letter may subject the bank to more formal regulatory action.

e Memorandum of Understanding: A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is an agreement between a bank's
board of directors and one or more regulatory agencies. The content of an MOU may be similar or identical to
more formal enforcement actions, but MOUs are nonpublic documents and, similar to Commitment Letters, not
legally binding.

e Formal Agreements: A Formal Agreement is an agreement between a bank's board of directors and one or
more regulatory agencies. While the contents of a Formal Agreement may mirror those of an MOU, violations of
a Formal Agreement can provide the legal basis for assessing civil money penalties (CMPs) against directors,
officers and other institution-affiliated parties.

e Consent Order or Order to Cease and Desist (C&D): Consent Orders and Orders to Cease and Desist are
agreements between a bank's board of directors and one or more regulatory agencies. Violations of a Formal
Agreement can provide the legal basis for assessing civil money penalties (CMPs) against directors, officers and
other institution-affiliated parties. The regulator's decision to issue a Consent Order or Order to Cease and Desist
rather than a formal agreement is based on its assessment of the severity of the bank’s problems.

* Civil Money Penalties (CMPs): Civil money penalties are financial penalties that may be imposed by a regulator
against a bank or an individual(s) for a violation of law or regulation or noncompliance with a formal enforcement
action.

e “Death Penalty”: Under the Annunzio-Wiley Act of 1992, bank regulators have the option — in fact, are obligated
to consider — whether the license/charter of a depository institution that is found guilty or pleads guilty to money
laundering charges should be revoked. The revocation of a license/charter is known as the “Death Penalty.”

Unlike the formal enforcement actions issued by bank regulators, which are usually very prescriptive as to the actions
that must be taken to address the identified deficiencies, the enforcement actions taken by securities and
futures/commodities regulators generally report findings that detail the nature of the deficiency, but do not prescribe
specific corrective action (and accompanying fines have been modest compared to those levied against banks).

28. Does FinCEN have enforcement authority?

FinCEN does have enforcement action authority, which it often uses in conjunction with a financial institution's
functional regulators.

29. Beyond the actions and penalties that may be imposed by regulators, are U.S.
companies subject to any other potential actions?
Yes. Other actions, such as Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPA), may result from legal actions.

protiviti | 20

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024126
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029843.txt,"PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Film Festival Closing Night 7:30 pm. Screenings of ""Hot Dogs & Hand Grenades,"" by Justin Corsbie and ""Salvation
Boulevard,"" by George Ratliff, followed by after-party and awards presentation at Hiro (88 9th Ave). Visual Arts
Theater. New York.

Event address: 333 West 23rd Street, New York. Event web address: genart.org.

Tags: After party Awards/Awards Shows Screenings Arts Film Arts Visual Arts.

EXPAND

Making Books Sing

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Fundraiser 7:30 pm. Beer, brewery tours and light fare. Hosted by Cat Greenleaf, Talib Kweli. Tickets from
$15.00. Brooklyn Brewery. Brooklyn. Contact: Kimberly Wilson Marshall.

Event address: 79 North 11th St., Brooklyn. Event web address: makingbookssing.org.

Tags: Fundraiser Education K-12.

EXPAND

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Sunrise: 5:25 am Sunset 8:27 pm Moon:
High: 79 Low: 62

NYSAE-New York Society of Association Executives

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Installation of Officers & Directors Luncheon 11:30 am. Reception and program. Speaker(s): Dr. Jerry V.
Teplitz. Tickets from $65.00. Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel. New York. (212) 206-8230.

Event address: 569 Lexington Ave., New York. Event web address: www.nysaenet.org.

Tags: Luncheon Association.

EXPAND

Women's Forum of New York

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Inaugural Elly Awards 11:30 am. Lunch and program. Hon. chairs: Lucy Jarvis and Muriel Siebert. Hosted by Janice
Reals Ellig. Speaker(s): Bobbi Brown,Barbara Walters. Honoring Evelyn H. Lauder,Diana Taylor. Chaired by Jane
Chesnutt, Denise Seegal. Co-chaired by Beth Canavan,Lisa Caputo, Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel. Tickets from
$300.00. Tables from $5,000.00. The Plaza Hotel. New York. Contact: Rita Crotty. (212) 447-9107.

Event address: 770 Fifth Ave, New York. Event web address: www.womensforumny.org.

Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Fundraiser Luncheon Education Adult.

EXPAND

Hike for Heroes

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Reception Ceremony. Business casual attire. Chaired by Mitchell B. Modell. Tickets from $140.00. Sheraton New
York Hotel & Towers. New York. Contact: Lindsay Carlton. (212) 966-7900.

Event address: 811 Seventh Ave., New York. Sponsored by Modell's Sporting Goods. Event web address:
www.wishuponahero.com/hike-for-heroes/cocktail-party.

Tags: Reception Civic Family/Social Services.

EXPAND

UJA-Federation of New York

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Annual Trust & Estates Event 6:00 pm. Cocktail reception, followed by program and dessert. Business
attire. Honoring Ronald J. Stein. Tickets from $650.00. Hilton New York. New York. Contact: Meredith
Waltzer. (212) 836-1218.

Event address: 1335 Avenue of the Americas, New York. Event web address: ujafedny.org.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029843
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026012.txt,"While this particular example above illustrates good results by the end of the day (+$7,848 and
$1,600 maximum drawdown from starting balance), there are certainly markets situations that
require large margins and can not be expected beforehand. These are usually terrorist attacks,
sudden nature disasters, or even FOX News releasing FBI renewal investigation over Clinton
and following speculation on Trump’s lead prior U.S. elections.

The Brexit day example is certainly a good case scenario for my algorithm. It provides algorithm
with a large volatility and many profitable opportunities. However, there are other large one-side
price movements in financial markets that can destroy not only my model, but many other
trading strategies if wrong side position is held. In the last month financial markets experienced
pound flash-crash in the middle of a random night. GBP/USD dropped for about 10 cents in 2
minutes and jumped back. Many got rich and many got poor for 120 seconds while in their
sleep. The only thing that secures investments is responsible trading, which is placing stop
losses and not risking more than some percentage per trade.

As a CFA Candidate and a prospective algorithmic hedge-fund manager | cannot say investing
even in T-Bills is 100% safe and can only say currency trading involves high risk. The only thing
| can assure tell you (in my personal opinion) that $10,000 is a lowest safe responsible sum of
money needed to operate with the model where $5,000 is used for margin alone and $5,000 is
set to be used as a bad case scenario expected drawdown value or a stop loss.

P.S. Jeffrey, | want to introduce you to some algorithmic trading concepts and terms needed to
understand trading algorithms better.

¢ Algorithmic trading is highly dependent on statistics and averages over a long-term
history.

¢ Drawdown — maximal losing dollar amount for open or closed positions from starting
balance.

¢ Algorithm ceiling — largest amount of money an algorithm can work with (large trades can
influence market conditions against an algorithm).

¢ Percentage of profit and loss trades: 53.99% profit and 46.01% loss trades this summer
on a “back-test”

e Average profit trade: $20.74 this summer on a “back-test”

e Average loss trade: $14.13 this summer on a “back-test”

¢ Number of trades per time period: 45,221

P.P.S. Drawdown value for a condition where price goes down, my algorithm buys a long
contract every minute and does not hold short contracts can be estimated in the Excel file
attached to the email (Estimation of losing P&L).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026012
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028585.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028585
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014412.txt,"Automatic easing

Policy headwinds are also abating: for the first time since 2013, both fiscal and

monetary policy are poised to turn stimulatory in 2017.

Monetary policy: Bo) pegs to zero

The Bo)’s transition to yield-curve targeting ensures that real yields will drop as inflation

picks up, implying that financial conditions will turn increasingly loose as the recovery
progresses. There are good reasons to be cautiously optimistic: after all, despite a triple
whammy of weak domestic demand, weak commodity prices, and a stronger yen,
Japanese inflation measures are showing early signs of bottoming out (Chart 6).

We expect Japan-style core inflation (CPI ex fresh food) to trough in Q4 CY16, after
which it should accelerate relatively quickly in the first two quarters of 2017 in response
to 1) a recovery in crude oil prices, 2) a weaker yen (we assume USDJPY rebounds to
120 by the end of the year), and 3} stronger wage growth. This also implies stronger
core-core inflation (CPI ex food & energy). We are bullish on all three factors and see
CY17 core inflation running at an above-consensus 1.0% and 1.4% in CY18.

This is still short of the central bank’s 2% target (Chart 7). But we believe there will be
little pressure to lower rates further, especially against the backdrop of a weakening yen
and rising global yields. More broadly, things are moving in the right direction for the
Bo). The private sector has been steadily re-leveraging, albeit gradually. Meanwhile,
labor markets continue to tighten and wage growth is slowly improving: the 4-quarter
moving average for hourly wages is now up to 1.2% y-o-y (Chart 8). With the labor
market for lower-cost part-time workers nearing saturation, growth in higher-quality,
full-time jobs is picking up (Chart 9). We expect a moderation in employment gains and

faster wage growth ahead.

Chart 6: Produce and consumer price inflation (ex-tax effect)

4 1.0
2 0.5
0 0.0
-2 0.5
4 -1.0
-6 -1.5

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

—— Corporate goods prices %YoY (LHS)
——Headline CPI %YoY (LHS)
== Corporate service prices %YoY (RHS)

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MIA

Chart 8: Wage growth is picking up on the back of tight labor markets

Chart 7: Japan-style core inflation (CPI ex fresh food) forecasts (FY basis)

2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0

-2.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

BoJ BofAML

Consensus —= —= Target

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bo), JCER *Consensus is JCER ESP survey

Chart 9: Full-time job growth is accelerating

2
1
0

'
NR

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

——Hourly wages, %YoY 4qtr ma

== US-style core inflation (ex-tax), %YoY 4qtr ma
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MHLW, MIA

3.0 Abenomics
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20121 2014 2016

mae Part-time, ppt contribution moe Full-time, ppt contribution
—— Total employment, %YoY

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MIA

Bankof America
Merrill Lynch

Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014412
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032194.txt,"24

are good and bad popularly elected leaders, there are good and bad
autocrats. THE SIGNAL fact of the Arab world at the beginning of
this year of democratic revolution was that, for the most part, it
encompassed few of these subtleties and apparent contradictions.
Middle Eastern societies had long since moved beyond basic needs of
food and security to the point where individual freedom could easily
be contemplated. After all, over the past half century, Arabs from the
Maghreb to the Persian Gulf experienced epochal social, economic,
technological and demographic transformation: it was only the
politics that lagged behind. And while good autocrats there were, the
reigning model was sterile and decadent national-security regimes,
deeply corrupt and with sultanic tendencies. These leaders sought to
perpetuate their rule through offspring: sons who had not risen
through the military or other bureaucracies, and thus had no
legitimacy. Marcus Aurelius was one thing; Tunisia’s Zine el-
Abidine Ben Ali, Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak and Syria’s Bashar al-
Assad, quite another. Certainly, the Arab Spring has proved much:
that there is no otherness to Arab civilization, that Arabs yearn for
universal values just as members of other societies do. But as to
difficult questions regarding the evolution of political order and
democracy, it has in actuality proved very little. To wit, no good
autocrats were overthrown. The regimes that have fallen so far had
few saving graces in any larger moral or philosophical sense, and the
wonder is how they lasted as long as they did, even as their
tumultuous demise was sudden and unexpected. Yet, the issues
about which Mill and Berlin cared so passionately must still be
addressed. For in some places in the Arab world, and particularly in
Asia, there have been autocrats who can, in fact, be spoken of in the
same breath as Marcus Aurelius. So at what point is it right or
practical to oust these rulers? It is quite possible to force through
political change, which leads, contrary to aims, into a more deeply

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032194
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019330.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 12/19/2016 3:01:54 PM
To: Lisa New
Subject: Re: Thank You from Lisa and Poetry in America

from barnaby -
she could apply, but she should know that there are only a few grants in each round; most projects proposed
don't get funding. It is like rolling the dice. what people don't understand is that many grants are not funded not
because they are defective in any way, but simply because there is not enough funding to cover even a part of
what comes in (there are thousands of applications and hundreds of millions of dollars of requests that go all
through different kinds of review; it is hard to know what will make it through because different people make
the priority decisions at different stages of review; and it depends what other applications are in the pool ina
given cycle). There is no ""direct"" route anymore.

On Sun, Dec 18, 2016 at 11:36 PM, Lisa New <Q wrote:

Dear
Jeffrey
(and please see note at bottom),

This end-of-the-year letter is to catch you up on developments and to report progress made in 2016
by Poetry in America, by its associated non-profit production company, Verse Video Education, and
by (and with) our new Harvard partner, the Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning. Whether
you are a longstanding adviser and supporter of Poetry in America, or you’ve more recently joined
our circle of proponents, your contributions, thought partnership and enthusiasm have made this
year’s successes possible.

Last fall, | knew this would be a crucial year. Goals for 2016 included moving our co-produced
television series, Poetry in America, toward a concrete release date (now entering post-production,
we launch nationwide in April 2018), converting our six HarvardX MOOC modules into for-credit
courses (now complete and being offered by Harvard’s Division of Continuing Education), and
getting the word out on our first course developed especially for K-12 educators, Poetry in America
for Teachers: The City from Whitman to Hip Hop. With a mission of creating and distributing the
highest-quality humanities content for a wide variety of learners, our projects now rely on a salaried
production staff of five, a rotating corps of part timers and contractors, and a growing cohort of
Harvard graduate students, undergraduates and interns whom we train in the public-facing
humanities. Growing fast, in 2016 we more firmly established Verse Video Education as a nimble
and stable producer of humanities-based content (now including an archive of over 120 separate
interviews with distinguished discussants), while also defining a forward-looking partnership and
growth strategy with Harvard. As 2016 draws to a close, | have much progress to report.

Verse Video Education: Independent 501c3

In April 2016, Verse Video Education, the fledgling production company |’d founded in 2014,
received IRS approval and became a 501c3. Now capable of accepting philanthropic contributions,
Verse Video Education has also begun to generate revenue by producing high-quality educational
media for other institutions. Clients within our first year included Greenwich Country Day School,
YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, Schlesinger Library, Harvard Institute for Global Health, and
Project Zero. While philanthropic donations remain essential, work for clients allows us to amplify the
impact of philanthropic donations, not only permitting additional investment in our flagship
partnerships with WGBH and Harvard, but also fostering development of new partnerships and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019330
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029857.txt,"JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029857
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028591.txt,"To: Weingarten, Reid
Subject: Re:

do you think he has the goods?

On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at 9:57 PM Weingarten, Reid ~ —sSSsSsSCSCiCS“S wrote:

Not my new guy...not repping him

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.

From: J

Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2019 3:43 PM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re:

you seemed to imply that your new guy could only shoot blanks? ifthats so. its an easy decision. , if
not. oy

On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at 9:09 PM Weingarten, Reid Fr wrote:

Still have to figure out what my role is in all this shit...

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.

From: J

Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2019 3:07 PM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re:

Fun

On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at 3:05 PM Weingarten, Reid i wrote:

Crim

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.

From: J

Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2019 3:04 PM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028591
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026006.txt,"“They wanted SpanCash and they wanted the money,” attorney William A. Isaacson said in his closing
arguments Wednesday.

Isaacson — a partner with powerhouse law firm Boies Schiller & Flexner, chaired by high-profile litigator David
Boies — argued that the bank resorted to “pure extortion” in an attempt to get its way.

As a result of the bank’s criminal complaint, InfoSpan alleged Bajwa’s partner, Larry Scudder, was detained at
the Dubai International Airport and taken to a cell where he was locked in with 30 other men for 19 hours until
he secured his release by turning over his passport.

According to the lawsuit, Bajwa tried to resolve the situation but was told Scudder's passport would be released
and he could leave the country only if InfoSpan gave up ownership and control of SpanCash to the bank.

Six months later, the bank withdrew the fraud accusations and Scudder got his passport back, but SpanCash’s
reputation was tarnished and it collapsed, Bajwa previously told The Times.

The bank disputed that it acquired InfoSpan’s source code or used it at any time.

Former White House counsel and an attorney for the bank, Kathryn Ruemmler, said that Emirates never would
have acquired source code in a joint-partnership deal like the one reached with InfoSpan. She said such
technology would instead be held by a third-party escrow company for the length of the partnership.

In her closing arguments, the partner with global firm Latham & Watkins told the jury that Bajwa and InfoSpan
sold the bank a “bill of goods,” arguing that despite promises to Emirates, the technology never worked and
InfoSpan wasn’t as big a company as it claimed.

The bank cancelled the deal and filed a criminal complaint, not as a form of extortion but simply to regain the
bank’s money after it was misled and doubts grew about the character of InfoSpan’s employees, Ruemmler told
the jury.

“They concluded, definitively, that they had been defrauded,” she said.

Lubna Qassim, group general counsel for Emirates Bank, said in a statement after the verdict that ""Emirates
Bank is gratified by today's decision and the opportunity to receive a fair trial in U.S. courts.""

Bajwa said the trial has taken a toll on him and he doesn’t know his next steps.

“T am just beat up,” he said.

Phil Hirschkorn contributed to this report.

On Fri, Aug 12, 2016 at 7:23 AM, Weingarten, Reid i> wrote:

Hope she is pleased/happy/satisfied/proud

From: jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2016 8:16 PM

To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject:

your girl won

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026006
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014406.txt,"Exhibit 3: Sector rotation and inventory cycle

Chart 3: Higher inflation/yields suggests banks will outperform REITs

Slowdown Inventory Expansion

Defensives

June '12

Fundamentals
June '14

Production

June '13

Contraction Recovery

Cyclicals

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg, Haver

23

09
07
05

e SF SF SF 9
eee TSE Bank/ TSE REIT

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg,

Exhibit 4: Reactions to US Treasury curve moves (%, simple average of past 43 quarters) — Japan equities have outperformed during bear-steepening led by

cyclicals, banks and insurance

12 5
10 +
8 4

Japan Sector = cyclical outperform on
UST bear-steepening

44

34
0 4

USDJPY DXY MSCI JP MSCIJP/
ex JP

m Bear steep = Bear flat

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg.

Discretionary Financials

IT Industrials Energy Telecom Staples Utilities | Health care

m Bull steep m Bull flat

Curve movements based on 2yr move and 2s10s move (Bloomberg US Treasury yield index), so includes twist movements, but even if we exclude these implications do not materially change.
Bear steepening (2yr + 16bps, 2510s +33bps) = 11 quarters, bear flattening (2yr +26bps, 2510s -20bps) = 10 quarters, bull steepening (2yr -48bps, 2510s +28bps) = 10 quarters, bull flattening (2yr -27bps, 2s10s -30bps) =

12 quarters

Bankof America
Merrill Lynch

Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014406
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019324.txt,"From: Maria Luisa >
Date: July 22, 2018 at 9:11:58 AM EDT

To: Steve Bannon <i, Preate Alexandra

<PHOTO-2018-07-22-10-02-17.jpg>

Sent from my iPhone

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019324
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032180.txt,"Article 3.

The Daily Star

What the Arab revolts leave unanswered
Rami G. Khouri

June 25, 2011 -- My pleasure at speaking this week in Ottawa at a
gathering at the International Development Research Center of
Canada was compounded by the very thoughtful questions and
comments that members of the audience offered.

The audience raised new questions in my mind about what is likely or
possibly may occur in the Arab region, as the current citizen revolt
moves into its seventh month. The issues they raised revolved around
the reality that there is no certain outcome to the developments in
assorted Arab countries. While I and many other Arab citizens feel
that the wave of democratic transformations will continue to wash
across most of the region, sweeping away old and young autocrats
and opening the door to new democracies, this is by no means
certain.

Economic pressures, for one, could easily create such immense
stresses on families that many Arabs who celebrated the Tunisian and
Egyptian regime changes may welcome the return of strongmen who
restrict citizens’ powers but provide more jobs. I doubt this will
happen, but we can never rule it out. The demands of children’s
stomachs crying out for food that many families cannot afford to buy
are immensely powerful drivers of political behavior.

Another threat that some audience members raised was related to the
potential break-up of some countries into smaller units that could be
more easily controlled by regional or foreign powers. The first Arab
revolt against the Ottomans around a century ago occurred
simultaneously with the Sykes-Picot accord, by which France and
Great Britain carved up the Arab east into smaller units that were put

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032180
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013369.txt,"subsequent developments in his prosecution. A copy of this letter is attached to this
Affidavit, (A copy of the letter is attached to Statement of Undisputed Facts as Exhibit
UU)

23. Jeffrey Epstein also filed a complaint with the Florida Bar against me. His complaint
alleged that I had been involved in Rothstcin’s scheme and had thereby violated various
rules of professional responsibility. The Florida Bar investigated and dismissed the
complaint.

24. I have reviewed the Statement of Undisputed Facts filed contemporaneously with this
Affidavit. Each of the assertions concerning what I learned, what I did, and the good
faith beliefs formed by me in the course of my prosecutions of claims against Jeffrey
Epstein as contained in the Statement of Undisputed Facts is trus, and the foundations
set out as support for my beliefs are true and correct to the best of my knowledge.

25. All actions taken by me in the course of my prosecution of claims against Jeffrey
Epstein were based upon a good faith belief that they were reasonable, necessary, and
ethically proper to fulfill my obligation to zealously represent the interests of my
clients.

I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.

Dated: Ui 21 2010

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013369
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031489.txt,"From: Stephen Hanson

Sent: Fri 10/7/2016 10:30:45 PM (UTC)

To: Jeffrey / E / Epstein[jeevacation@gmail.com]

Subject: Fwd: Breaking News: Donald Trump brags in vulgar terms about groping women
in a 2005 recording, saying, ""When you're a star they let you do it""

Ouch

Sent from my iPad

Begin forwarded message:

From: NYTimes.com News Alert <nytdirect@nytimes.com>

Date: October 7, 2016 at 5:40:40 PM EDT

To:

Subject: Breaking News: Donald Trump brags in vulgar terms about groping
women in a 2005 recording, saying, ""When you're a star they let you do it""

dd nytdirect@nytimes.com to yo

October 07, 2016

NYTimes.com »

Breaking News Alert

BREAKING NEWS

Donald Trump brags in vulgar terms
about groping women in a 2005
recording, saying, “When you re a
star they let you do it”

Friday, October 7, 2016 5:28 PM EDT

Donald J. Trump was caught on tape bragging in vulgar terms about making sexual

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031489
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017998.txt,"Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document1-7 Filed 04/16/19 Page 2 of 2

' FAX NO. 25619024121 Ap 8 aaa @4:S1PM P2 .
Law OFFICE OF Guy FRONSTIN -

615 N. FLAGLER DRIVE, SUITE 300-PAVILION
/ WEST PALM BEAGH, FL 33401
oy 447-4011. * (661) 8 902-4121 (Fax:

Eaewa Belohlavek: A ASA:
Office of the State Attorney
‘401.N:-Dixie Highway -..

; ‘West Palm. Beach, FL. 3404 -

oe Ret ‘Jefe Epstein: a
+ eae Lanna: ,

Please allow: this letter fo-serve.as formal notice that. : ices ‘Mr. os ‘
‘a Epstein in regard: to ‘the . Investigation your “office ‘is Conducting of Mr. ee
: Epstein. Additionally, Alan: Dershowitz, ‘Esq., who-is @ close fiiend:oF Mr.’  ,
.. “Epstein' s, Is serving as counsel’to. me in: ‘my’. represerifation “Of Mr. Epstein. a!
- 0. SAAT Dershowitz ig working. closely with mie-on this rhatter- and; in: the event —
wes chorges. are‘filed, will likely petition to: ial ‘an iy epearntce? ‘Pro Hae ace _
ies with other counsel,

_ appreciate the dletogue | “you - eee fonmited- Anteogivoot. ‘this tae
PH that trust. you. will-sfill invite mie-for a. pre-filing. inteniew.inthe
.. event the State decides it has: ‘ehough evidence fo. ae Mr. f Eptcin’y ‘with was
a erime.. ‘os ee be ute
Tt tosk forward fo cooing jo wot with you on iis s mater

/ f. Very ty yours, -

Guy? P. Fronst, a4...
SRR a

""03/25/2015, - rs — . Page 44of131 - . —._* Public Records Request No.: 16-268

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017998
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023885.txt,"Defining Intelligence 139

The premise here is that she isn’t actually stupid but was just con-
fused by the moment and that she is intelligent because she is on the
honor roll at school, can explain lunar eclipses, and could answer the
original question coherently, given sufficient time to do it (and maybe
with some help).

The media, for reasons of their own, decided to make this a feel-
good story and get people to feel better about Miss South Carolina.
She has continued to work in the media in various ways since the
original interview.

Iam not concerned here with Miss South Carolina’s intelligence,
but with what it means to be seen as being intelligent. My premise is
that while native intelligence is certainly genetic, the perception of
intelligence and what might be described as intelligent behavior can
be altered. (Perhaps this seems as incoherent a position as Miss South
Carolina’s position on education.)

The curious thing about her second response is that it doesn’t
answer the original question at all. The question was about why she
thought Americans were ignorant about geography, and she respond-
ed by saying that they weren’t but that maybe there should be more
education about reading maps, which in no way addresses the ques-
tion about why Americans can’t locate the United States on a map.

So her answer is still awful even after she was given time to work
on it. It is simply unintelligent.

The question is: Could we make Miss South Carolina more intel-
ligent somehow? Clearly school hasn’t done it. (She was an honor
student!) How might one do it?

Of course, we really aren’t concerned with Miss South Carolina
in particular. Consider the following interviews conducted at a Sarah
Palin book signing in November 2009, in Columbus, Ohio. The
interviewees were all in line waiting to meet Sarah Palin and to buy
her book:

Interviewer: Tell us why you are here today.

Older woman: She stands for what America is.

Interviewer: What do you mean by that?

Older woman: Freedom, liberty, right to speak . . .

Interviewer: What are the particular issues you would like to see
her bring to office?

Older woman: Oh, geez, help me out here, guys.

Second woman: Fairness. Realness.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023885
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027751.txt,"Is Invitation: No

GUID: AC9881A8-l1AED-443D-A524-A701AC73C108

Message: Over the weekend I think we should see it.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/26/19 03:04:45 PM (580601085)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D/7BO98BD-BD11-49EC-91D6-20898492DBA8

Message: Nothing to be done but be informed

Time: 05/26/19 03:05:16 PM (580601116)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 48F9D6BC-3004-4F1F-9424-AA496E2 6ECF4

Message: Very stable individual needs all friends he can get

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/26/19 03:05:31 PM (580601131)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 058C63A5-2E68-43E7-A908-E1CBO6DD536E6

Message: Stable genius

Time: 05/26/19 03:06:08 PM (580601168)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 71ECEO44-ECEB-4BOB-BDFA-4579F8DCE7A7

Message: VERY

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/26/19 03:42:40 PM (580603360)
Flags: 1150981
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: DE6F7220-0307-46D0-B688-478ED4D87914

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027751
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028462.txt,"body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""William Faulkner,

won two Pulitz
dark a

Miss.,
heartbreaking,

ers and the Nobel Priz

nd perverse, is of

e.

His work appears in almost any listing of best American novels.

"",""type™:""text""}, {""additions"": [{""URL"":""

born on this day in 1897 in New Albany,
His Southern-rooted fiction,
ten remarked on for its long, winding sentences.

http://thepassingtramp.blogspot.com/2017/05/wort

h-fiftty-years-of-late-fees-tal

of.htmi"", ""range"": {""length"":26,""start"":53},""type"":""link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-body-
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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"": ""Whatde™s less well known about Faulkner is that he was a

devoted fan of mysteries a4€"" Agatha Christie,

tried his own hand at

the

Dashiell Hammett,

Dorothy Sayers a4€"" and

genre."", ""type"": ""text""}, {(""additions"": [{""URL"":""http://www.elleryqueenmysterymagazine.com/
"",""range"":{""length"":29,""start"":42},""type"":""link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-body-
50"",""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":161,""start"":0},""textsStyle"":"" anf-ts-
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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"":""In 1946 he won second prize in the annual Ellery Queen

Mystery Magazine cont
involved a whiskey

toddy) ."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""additions""™: [{""URL"":""

48396/knights-gambit-

est,

by-william-

for the story d4€ceAn

Error in Chemistrya€

https://www.penguinrando

(it

s big reveal

mhouse.com/books/

faulkner/9780307946799/"", ""range"": {""length"":15, ""start"":29}, ""type""™:""link""}, {""URL"": ""https:

//timesmachine.nyti

mes.com/timesmachine/1949/11/06/84228885.pdf?partner=applenewséad

keywords=APPLEMOBILE&region=written throughé&asset_id=100000006123279"", ""range"": {""length""
230,""start"":176},""type"":""link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-body-

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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"":""The story later appeared in d€eKnightda€™s

mystery collec

from Mississippi. Rev

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up. wo ""type"" : ""text"" } , {

""identifier"":"" anf-bod

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tion from Faulkner featuring a mild-mannered yet shrewd country lawyer
t The Times gave it a thumbs

52"", ""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":140,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

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considering them lowbrow, but seemed to understand their importance to his

writing."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""additions"": [{""URL"":""https://docplayer.net/52832758-
Reflections-on-william-faulkner-an-interview-with-albert-1i

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body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"": ""A friend recalled visiting a library with him, so Faulkner
could a€eexchange a stack of mystery stories for a new stack. I asked him, d4€”~Why do
you read all of these damn mysteries?d4€™ and he said, a€~Bud, no matter what you write,
itée™s a mystery of one kind or another.a€™a€"",""type"":""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
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readers.

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028462
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021403.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 3/8/2011 1:10:38 AM
To: Mike Sitrick aaaaaaaaammmeemes
Subject: Fwd: Fw:

a Forwarded message ----------
From: Jay Lefkowitz
Date: Mon, Mar 7, 2011 at 11:11 AM
Subject: Fw:

To: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>, Darren <>, Martin Weinberg
—— EEE

----- Original Message -----

From: ""Wolfe, Alexandra"" i |
Sent: 03/07/2011 02:04 PM EST

To: Jay Lefkowitz

Subject: RE:

Dear Mr. Lefkowitz,

Here are the questions I'd like to ask Jeffrey Epstein. Would he be available to answer any of these on the phone
or by email? People have told me some of his thoughts on background but I wanted to see if he could tell me or
email me anything directly I could use on the record. Also I'd like to run the information I already have by you
or him.

Thank you,
Alexandra

-What is he chiefly focusing on now? Is he spending more time on The Jeffrey Epstein Science Foundation?
Could he talk about his interest in science and the 2011 grants/conference?

-How has his business been affected? Is there any new direction he's taking it? Does he still have the same
clients or new ones? Is it still at $15 billion?

-Did he still work while in prison? How was that arranged? With whom was he working/advising?
-Where is he spending his time now? How has his social life changed from three years ago?

-Is he still close with Ghislaine Maxwell?

-What were friends/colleagues/acquaintances reactions to his conviction?

-What does he think about the sentence he got- was it too lenient or too harsh and why?

-What is his side of the story and have people been supportive?

-Is he continuing the charity initiatives he started with Bill Clinton, etc?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021403
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022543.txt,"41

funds, off-the-books accounts, and systematic payments to
business consultants and other intermediaries—to facilitate
bribery. Payments were made in ways that obscured their
purpose and the ultimate recipients of the money. In some
cases, employees obtained large amounts of cash from cash
desks and then transported the cash in suitcases across inter-
national borders. Authorizations for some payments were
placed on sticky notes and later removed to avoid any perma-
nent record. The company made payments totaling approxi-
mately $1.36 billion through various mechanisms, including
$805.5 million as bribes and $554.5 million for unknown
purposes.” The company was charged with internal controls
and books and records violations, along with anti-bribery
violations, and paid over $1.6 billion to resolve the case with
authorities in the United States and Germany.”

The types of internal control failures identified in the
above example exist in many other cases where companies
were charged with internal controls violations.” A 2010
case against a multi-national automobile manufacturer
involved bribery that occurred over a long period of time in
multiple countries.’** In that case, the company used doz-
ens of ledger accounts, known internally as “internal third
party accounts,’ to maintain credit balances for the ben-
efit of government officials.” The accounts were funded
through several bogus pricing mechanisms, such as “price
surcharges,’ “price inclusions, or excessive commissions.”*°
The company also used artificial discounts or rebates on
sales contracts to generate the money to pay the bribes.””!
The bribes also were made through phony sales intermedi-
aries and corrupt business partners, as well as through the
use of cash desks.” Sales executives would obtain cash from
the company in amounts as high as hundreds of thousands
of dollars, enabling the company to obscure the purpose
and recipients of the money paid to government officials.”
In addition to bribery charges, the company was charged
with internal controls and books and records violations.

Good internal controls can prevent not only FCPA
violations, but also other illegal or unethical conduct by the
company, its subsidiaries, and its employees. DOJ and SEC
have repeatedly brought FCPA cases that also involved

other types of misconduct, such as financial fraud,’

235 6

commercial bribery,’ export controls violations,” and

embezzlement or self-dealing by company employees.”

Potential Reporting and Anti-Fraud Violations

Issuers have reporting obligations under Section
13(a) of the Exchange Act, which requires issuers to file
an annual report that contains comprehensive information
about the issuer. Failure to properly disclose material infor-
mation about the issuer’s business, including material rev-
enue, expenses, profits, assets, or liabilities related to bribery
of foreign government officials, may give rise to anti-fraud
and reporting violations under Sections 10(b) and 13(a) of
the Exchange Act.

For example, a California-based technology company
was charged with reporting violations, in addition to viola-
tions of the FCPA’s anti-bribery and accounting provisions,
when its bribery scheme led to material misstatements in its
SEC filings.” The company was awarded contracts procured
through bribery of Chinese officials that generated material
revenue and profits. The revenue and profits helped the com-
pany offset losses incurred to develop new products expected
to become the company’s future source of revenue growth.
The company improperly recorded the bribe payments as
sales commission expenses in its books and records.

Companies engaged in bribery may also be engaged
in activity that violates the anti-fraud and reporting provi-
sions. For example, an oil and gas pipeline company and
its employees engaged in a long-running scheme to use the
company’s petty cash accounts in Nigeria to make a vari-
ety of corrupt payments to Nigerian tax and court officials
using false invoices.’” The company and its employees also
engaged in a fraudulent scheme to minimize the company’s
tax obligations in Bolivia by using false invoices to claim
false offsets to its value-added tax obligations. The scheme
resulted in material overstatements of the company’s net
income in the company’s financial statements, which vio-
lated the Exchange Act’s anti-fraud and reporting provi-
sions. Both schemes also violated the books and records

and internal controls provisions.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022543

"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024611.txt,"20

Can the United States afford to push Pakistan over the edge? If not,
we must find a way to balance our clear interest in defeating al-Qaeda
and the Taliban against Pakistan’s continued stability—including our
relationship with Pakistan’s government, military and citizens.
Dennis Blair, forced to resign last year as director of national
intelligence, has suggested coordinating drone strikes much more
closely with Islamabad.

In the longer run, China’s rise will clearly be a historic challenge to
the United States. Yet, while administration officials talk frequently
about China in domestic contexts, the president’s policy toward
Beijing is fundamentally incoherent.

Two recent books, Henry Kissinger’s On China and Aaron
Friedberg’s A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the
Struggle for Mastery in Asia, suggest two very different
interpretations of Chinese conduct and propose alternative American
responses. Kissinger views China as a rising but thus far moderate
power and warns against creating a self-fulfilling prophecy that could
lead to zero-sum competition between Beijing and Washington. He
argues that such rivalry could lead to a pre-World War I situation
with potentially devastating consequences for both nations and for
the rest of the world. Friedberg ridicules this approach, arguing that
the United States should seek to democratize China and, if this does
not succeed, should practice assertive containment. In his view, if the
World War I analogy has any value, it is in demonstrating that the
British were too timid in responding to Germany’s rise.

Kissinger and Friedberg offer coherent proposals that are mutually
exclusive. Kissinger’s is much more persuasive to me, but there is a
choice—and America must make a decision. Accordingly, it is quite
troubling to see the Obama administration trying to have it both
ways: building a cooperative relationship with Being while visibly
siding with China’s neighbors in every dispute. At the same time,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024611
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017740.txt,"Page 26 of 52
2005 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 835, *879

This change helps to implement a victim's right under the CVRA to be treated ""with fairness."" 19° The rule change is modest.
Rule 18 already requires the court to consider the convenience of the ""witnesses"" in a case. In many cases, of course, the victim
will be a witness. But for clarity in those cases, and to account for cases in which the victim will not be a witness, the rule
should be amended to refer specifically to victims.

Rule 20 - Victims’ Views Considered Regarding Consensual Transfer
The Proposal:
Rule 20 should be amended to allow the court to consider the victims' views in any decision to transfer a case as follows:

(a) Consent to Transfer. A prosecution may be transferred from the district where the indictment or information is pending, or
from which a warrant on a complaint has been issued, to the district where the defendant is arrested, held, or present if:

(1) the defendant states in writing a wish to plead guilty or nolo contendere and to waive trial in the district where the
indictment, information, or complaint is pending, consents in writing to the court's disposing of the case in the transferee
district, and files the statement in the transferee district; and

(2) the United States attorneys in both districts approve the transfer in writing after consultation with any victim. If any victim
objects to the transfer, the United States attorney in the transferring district or the victim's attorney shall advise the court where
the indictment or information is pending of the victim's concerns.

A similar change should be made to Rule 20(d) regarding transfer of juvenile proceedings.
[*880]
The Rationale:

As with the previous proposal, this change implements the victim's right under the CVRA to be ""treated with fairness."" 197

The procedure for transferring a case for a plea is not constitutionally required, but rather is designed for the convenience of the
defendant and the government. !°8 In considering whether such administrative reasons justify a transfer, the concerns of the
victim appropriately enter into the balance. For reasons similar to those discussed above in connection with changes regarding

plea procedures, the prosecution would be directed to confer with the victim and to advise the court of any objection to the

transfer. 199

Rule 21 - Victims’ Views Considered Regarding Transfer for Prejudice
The Proposal:
Rule 21 should be amended as follows to require consideration of the victim's interest in whether a case should be transferred:

(ec) Victims! Views. The court shall not transfer any proceeding without giving any victim an opportunity to be heard. The court
shall consider the views of the victim in making any transfer decision.

The Rationale:

Rule 21 authorizes the trial judge to transfer a case to avoid prejudice or for the convenience of the parties. The proposed rule
would require that the court consider the victim's concerns in making any such transfer decision. Such consideration would
seem to be part and parcel of protecting the victim's right to be ""treated with fairness."" In addition, the vicinage provision of

196 18 U.S.C.A. 3771(a)(8) (West 2004 & Supp. 2005).
197 Td. 3771 (a)(8).
198 See generally Wright, Federal Practice and Procedure 321, at 357-58.

199 See supra notes 158-174 and accompanying text.

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017740
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027989.txt,"building, I stayed with Mookie. His job, along with Yoni in his expanded team,
was to deal with Abu Youssef, the Black September operations officer. The
concierge must have been on a coffee break. The lobby was empty. The door
was unlocked, so they sprinted toward the interior staircase and made their way

up.

Adwan, the Fatah military man, and Kamal Nasser lived next door. Adwan,
Amitai’s target, was on the second floor. Nasser was on the third. As the teams
raced into the other building, Amiram and I posted ourselves near one of the
terrace pillars, occasionally exchanging a few words of what we hoped would
pass as girl talk. The SEAL officer and Dr Katz were near the top end of the
street as lookouts. We seemed seconds away from what had all the makings of
the operation we’d rehearsed back in Tel Aviv. The one major problem I’d
expected — security guards posted outside — hadn’t materialized. We’d been told
by the Mossad to look out for a grey Mercedes, but it wasn’t there.

The next stage was for each team leader to press the transmit button three
times on his radio. When I’d heard from all of them, I would send a signal back.
Then, at the count of five, each of them was supposed to start the attack.
Mookie’s signal came first. Yet before either of the other two teams checked in,
the trouble began. Suddenly, the door of a red Renault flew open almost directly
across the street from where Amiram and I were standing. A tall, sturdy, dark-
haired man climbed out. He looked across at us. He opened his leather jacket.
He pulled out a pistol and started to approach us. “in breirah,” I whispered to
Amiram. “No choice.” To this day, I remember the shock on the man’s face as
he watched us — a pair of 30something women — open our jackets and pull out
Uzis. Fortunately for him, we’d had to make allowances for concealment in
choosing our weapons. We’d left the Uzis’ stabilizing shoulder braces behind.
As our first shots hit, he had half-turned to run. Though wounded, he somehow
got back in the car. We kept shooting but he managed to drag himself out of the
far door and roll behind a waist-high wall on the other side of the street. One of
our shots obviously hit the electrical innards of the Renault, because the car
horn began blaring full-blast, as if someone had set off a modern-day car alarm.
So much for the element of surprise.

I saw three sets of lights suddenly come on in the otherwise dark apartment
buildings. They were in the flats that Mossad had identified. At least that part of
the plan was intact. These were the Palestinians we were after, and it seemed
they were at home. Seconds later, I heard an explosion. It was from Abu

141
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027989
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018473.txt,"away. They can just sit down, fill out their checklists and compare results without getting
too worried about how to bring up certain desires. I mean, at some point of course they'll
hopefully talk about it, but hopefully the checklist framework makes it easier and lower-

pressure.

3) Concurrently, it provides an easy way to turn down acts -- it's much harder to reject a
lover's proposition when ze says, ""Darling, can I flog you?"" than it is when you simply
fill in one bubble on the ""Flogging -- Receiving"" section. In the past, I've certainly felt a
lot of anxiety when I wanted to turn down partners, and it's nice to imagine a set-up that
would have made me feel less anxious.

In fact, I love the checklist concept so much that when the University of Illinois at
Chicago had me design my sexual communication workshop, I created a ""vanilla"" version
of the checklist that had entries ranging from ""oral sex"" to ""sex in public” to ""tying up /
being tied up."" (Okay, maybe it wasn't entirely vanilla... I wanted to encourage people to
voice things they weren't sure about!) Then I later found out that the amazing sex
education site Scarleteen has created its own non-BDSM checklist, and theirs is way
better than mine.

I just love the principle of the thing -- the principle that a couple can have a lot of fun
just by sitting down and talking about every conceivable sex act, being presented with
some options that they maybe haven't thought of before, and honestly describing how
into each idea they each are.

TK OK ok

This can be found on the Internet at:

http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/06/14/sex-communication-tactic-derived-from-sm-1-

checklists/

COMMUNICATION:

[theory] Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Journal-
Keeping

This is part of the same 2010 series as the previous two articles. In this piece, I
mentioned 24/7 Master/slave relationships, which I had just learned about. Since then,
I've learned a lot more about those relationships. I have never been in one, although I
have occasionally had partners order me to do long-term submissive things. But I've read
and heard a lot of tales about 24/7 M/s.

24/7 Master/slave scenarios are rare... and I will say that there are some awful horror
stories floating around about them. Some BDSMers say that 24/7 Master/slave
relationships are always a terrible idea and should never be done. I am unwilling to
condemn them so thoroughly, but those relationships obviously require a lot of respect

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018473
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015351.txt,"Eating Shit for Fun and Profit

| am in complete awe of the democracy of the Internet, which
presents an infinite menu for individual tastes and ideologies, and in this
context, specifically to viewers of online pornography. From golden
showers to farm animals, the World Wide Web caters to virtually every
imaginable desire. With the privacy provided by a computer screen, you
can worship at the fetish of your choice. But, in the process of surfing porn
sites—for research purposes only, of course—I realized that | had never
come across a site specializing in coprophagia. It means eating shit.
Literally.

There’ s an old saying among nutritionists: “You are what you

u

eat.” However, comedian Darryl Henriques, playing the role of a New Age
swami, says, “You are what you don’ t shit.”

One of the nastiest things you can say to someone is, “Eat shit.” A
nonfiction book, 7he Pit, reveals a strange cult in San Francisco where a
group of successful businessmen were forced, along with other acts of

humiliation, to eat their own shit. Ultimately, they were represented in a

lawsuit by flamboyant attorney Melvin Belli. But that was more-or-less

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015351
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033026.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033026
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030797.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 8/20/2018 2:34:11 AM

To: Steve Bannon

Subject: Re: Steve Bannon says GOP must rally behind Trump to survive | News & Observer
any ideas ?

On Sun, Aug 19, 2018 at 10:28 PM, Steve Bannon \10tc:
Exactly

But somebody big has u in the gunsights

On Aug 19, 2018, at 10:27 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

yes . no worry, november too important to risk diversion. mission first

On Sun, Aug 19, 2018 at 10:21 PM, Steve Bannon wrote:
Yes

but let's discuss--their is a crazed jihad against u--ive never seen anything like it--and I've seen a lot
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T

From: ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com>

Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2018 22:17:38 -0400

To: Steve Bannon

Subject: Re: Steve Bannon says GOP must rally behind Trump to survive | News & Observer

AHHHH thats more like it, , we need to find you the exorcist hat. ! . do you think you might want to
come to europe?

On Sun, Aug 19, 2018 at 9:41 PM, Steve Bannon qa wrote:

https://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/article2 16997195 .html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030797
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024132.txt,"Eye on the Market | March 15, 2012 J.P Morgan

Topics: Is US data as good as it looks? Is Chinese data as bad as it looks? Is European data as bizarre as it looks?

What a diff’rence a day makes. Ever since the ECB gift- :

wrapped 650 billion Euros for EU banks, the news has been The Importers of ie US Censunier

pretty good, particularly inthe US. Most of the market’s _ @ scunon Investment aa ort
focus is on the US consumer, for the simple reason that US THOT CHES. eee eee

households are the largest single economic force in the world US 10,417 1,818 3,020 (500)
(see table). Even after deconstructing the labor report for Asia 8,231 4,614 3,449 424

signs of false positives’, the message is clear: US job markets Asia ex. CNIJPN 2,761 597 1,482 134

are gradually geting better, ane ° is spencling. The capital Japan 3,501 1,185 1,175 58

position o anks is in good shape’, so we expect access China 4.969 2832 792 232

to credit to remain easy’. A US GDP growth rate of 2.25% is / :

still below trend, but a long way from the unavoidable Europe S870 Ate abe 130

recession articulated by the ECRI last fall. I agree with those EMU 7,145 2,386 2,704 145

who think the US economy could not withstand a withdrawal Latin America 2,747 754 1,010 28

of stimulus right now, but I also do not see the Fed actively Source: Haver. Data as of Q4 2010.

withdrawing it. Whatever rain dance the Fed is doing to
keep inflation low, they better keep doing it.

A chart I saw on the history of jobless claims (below, left) was meant to show how good things may get. In the prior 3 business
cycles, when continuing claims fell through 2.2% of the labor force (1982, 1993, 2003), it was a great time to add risk in
portfolios. Improving claims signaled that the business cycle was picking up enough steam to be self-sustaining, and last week,
the US crossed through this barrier again. But as Big Bird used to say, one of these things is not like the other: the US
primary budget deficit which supports this recovery is a bigger now. So, the US economy better improve markedly in order
to pay the freight. When will this chart on the primary deficit (below, right) matter to financial markets? Only when it becomes
a binding constraint, either due to a lack of demand to finance the deficit at current yields, or due to the economic cost of closing
it. The timing is uncertain, given Central Bank purchases of Treasury bonds, and a Congress which may leave the problem for
another day (or generation). I lose a lot of sleep over this, but I don’t know a lot of other people that do. As discussed last
week, portfolio allocations given today’s private and public sector realities vary substantially across wealth management firms.
Ours rely on hedge funds, credit and real estate as complements to public and private equity.

In past cycles, claims were a great market signal Paging Dick Cheney: Do Deficits Matter?
Continuing claims asa % of labor force Deficit ex-interest, percentof GDP, seasonally adjusted
5.0% 8
45% 6
4.0% i
3.5% 0
3.0% -2
25% “4
2.0% 6
< 0 -8
1.5% 10
1.0% -12
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 1954 1967 1981 1995 2008

Source: DepartmentofLabor, BLS, Empirical Research Partners. Source: CBO, BEA, OMB, J.P. Morgan Private Bank.

' Our chief economist Michael Vaknin has analyzed the various seasonal adjustments that the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses when it reports
payrolls. After adjusting for better weather, the Lehman shock and other factors, payroll growth does not look quite as good as reported, but
is still positive. The trend is supported by the latest Manpower surveys, Institute for Supply Management surveys, JOLTS surveys, etc, all of
which show growing demand for labor. Even state and local government firmg has finally come to an end, which was a constant fixture of
the last two years. So far, hourly earnings remain very weak, and typically do not grow until later in the cycle.

° The latest US bank stress tests were pretty stressful. Two-year loss assumptions applied by the Fed were higher than those experienced
during 2008 and 2009, and comparable in almost every category to realized losses during the Great Depression. Almost every institution
passed the test, and even the ones that didn’t are expected to reach required capital levels in short order. US banks have sharply reduced
reliance on “hot money” (time deposits, commercial paper and repo), relying instead on core retail deposits to finance their balance sheets.
Comparing the rigor of US and European bank stress tests is like comparing the rigors of actual football to Wii football.

> So far, net household borrowing other than student loans is weak; loan growth is almost exclusively from companies rather than households.

1

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024132
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015437.txt,"By 1963, George had risen to Chief Scientist, Astro-Electronics
Division at the Signal Corps, and McGraw-Hill contacted him, asking if he
would write a book. And indeed, he began working on /ntroduction to
Space Communication, which became the world’ s first book on that

subject.

“The problem was the incredible pace of technology,” he says.
“While | was writing Chapter 5, the nuggets of wisdom in Chapter 2 were
becoming obsolete. The last chapter was called ‘Ad Astra’ (Latin for ‘to
the stars’ ), where | tried to forecast future technology. When the book
was published in 1964, most of my future projections were already
obsolete. Darwin had no idea about the speed of evolution when applied
to technology. By the way, more copies of the book were sold in Russia

than in the United States.”

On George’ s last active project, he worked with the original seven
astronauts. He was program manager at Simmonds Precision, responsible
for the design of the fuel gauging system on the command module where
the astronauts were housed. In 1972, Apollo 17, the eleventh manned
mission, was the sixth and final lunar landing in the Apollo program. “We

were on an extremely tight schedule, and my team worked nearly eighty

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015437
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017026.txt,"present (or, for that matter, from the common noun “a bet”).
- the verb is not a compound, like “overpay” or “unbind”, as the effect of the underlying verb
(“pay”, “bind”) is presumably stronger than that of usage frequency.

We therefore obtain a list of 106 verbs that we use in the study (marked by the denomination ‘True’ in the
column “Use in the study?”)

III.5B. Verb frequencies

Next, for each verb, we computed the frequency of the regular past tense (built by suffixation of ‘-ed’ at
the end of the verb), and the frequency of the irregular past tense (summing preterit and past participle).
These trajectories are represented in Fig 3A and Fig S8.

We define the regularity of a verb: at any given point in time, the regularity of a verb is the percentage of
past tense usage made using the regular version. Therefore, in a given year, the regularity of a verb is
r=R/(R+l) where R is the number of times the regular past tense was used, and | the number of times the
irregular past tense was used. The regularity is a continuous variable that ranges between 0 and 1
(100%).

We plot in Figure 3B the mean regularity between 1800-1825 in x-axis, and the mean regularity between
1975-2000 in y-axis.

If we assume that a speaker of the English language uses only one of the two variants (regular or
irregular); and that all speakers of English are equally likely to use the verb; then the regularity translates
directly into percentage of the population of speakers using the regular form. While these assumptions
may not hold generally, they provide a convenient way of estimating the prevalence of a certain word in
the population of English speakers (or writers).

III.5C. Rates of regularization

We can compute, for any verb, the slope of regularity as a function of time: this can be interpreted as the
variation in percentage of the population of English speakers using the regular form.

By holding population size constant over the time window used to obtain the slope, we derive the
variation of population using the regular form in absolute terms.

For instance, the regularity of “sneak/snuck” has decreased from 100% to 50% over the past 50 years,
which is 1% per year. We consider the population of US English speakers to be roughly 300 million. As a
result, snuck is sneaking in at a speed of 3 million speakers per year, or about one speaker per minute in
the US.

III.5D. Classification of Verbs

The verbs were classified into different types based on the phonetic pattern they represented using the
classification of Ref 18 (main text). Fig 3C shows the median regularity for the verbs ‘burn’, ‘spoil’, ‘dwell’,
‘learn’, ‘smell’, ‘spill’ in each year. We compute the UK rate as above, using 60 million for UK population.

III.6. Collective Memory

One hundred timelines were generated, for every year between 1875 and 1975. Amplitude for each plot
was measured by either computing ‘peak height’ — i.e., the maximum of all the plotted values, or ‘area-
under-the curve’ — j.e., the sum of all the plotted values. The peak for year X always occurred within a

18

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017026
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025269.txt,"Section 2.B

Fixed Income

2 UBS

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025269
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018315.txt,"permits the easy spread and accumulation of links.Terror cells or social networks or
financial markets all lay out in this fashion. Wide-open, convenience-making links
are expanding, and they serve as a kind of global nervous system, more sensitive
with each passing generation. These lines of connection run two ways, of course:
Networks permit any of us to connect to nearly anywhere, and to unimaginable
technological power. But, at the same time, the world connects back to us. Wired
jihadis and currencies and bio bits - they’re all tied in with us too. So yes: We’re
murdering the exotic with our data connections and machines and discount plane
flights. Should we be surprised when, from time to time now, the exotic shows up
and murders us right back?

We've seen, now, the way in which that pulling connection between center and
periphery - that tension of our network - pulls apart old structures. And this is the
first, urgent Seventh Sense understanding: Connection changes the nature of an
object by placing it on this tense mesh. Connect a patient, a doctor, a flying machine,
a currency - each is twisted and changed as a result. Some become great. Others
snap, never to be rebuilt. Some adjust, painfully. The pulling network action
accounts for our greatest new fortunes but also the tumbling of old ideas and
institutions. This is why our age is so uneasy. This is also part of the picture of
network power we have to keep in mind, the image of a stretched skein plucking
apart old structures. Baran’s fishnet grows, it locks everything it touches into anew
structure, one that resists the “arrest the usual suspects” sort of interruption. We’ve
said: Connection changes the nature of an object. To be connected to a Baran-style
system instead of a brush-cut 1950’s AT&T system makes a difference.

The connected devices themselves are constantly improving. Back in Baran’s day,
dozens of scientists counted themselves lucky to share a single computer. A few
decades later, the PC revolution gave everyone their own machine. And now, of
course, we each have many computers in our lives: phones, wired TVs, computers.
Because of connection, we have access to thousands of such devices in data
centers.1°7 We can touch them in an instant, a fusion of software and hardware and
connection that we are starting to know lean on as “everyware.” This now
commonplace magic was formalized back in 1965 by Gordon Moore, one of the
founding engineers at Intel, who noticed the rather amazing fact that since the
introduction of integrated chips in 1959, the number of transistors on each tiny chip
had been doubling every two years.!°8 It seemed hard to imagine this pace could
endure, but then it did and does, something known as Moore’s Law. Back in 1997
Andy Grove, who followed Moore as CEO of Intel, the chip giant, was named TIME’s
Man of the Year. I wrote that story and I remember Grove telling me, in a
confessional spirit: “I never stopped thinking about the business. I worked

107 And now, of course: Richard Harper, Tom Rodden, Yvonne Rogers and Abigail
Sellen Eds. Being Human: Human-Computer Interaction in the year 2020, (Redmond:
Microsoft Research Publication 2008)

108 This how commonplace magic: Chris Mack, “The Multiple Lives of Moore’s
Law: Why Gordon Moore’s grand prediction has endured for 50 years”, IEEE
Spectrum (March 30, 2015), accessible online.

83

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018315
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027037.txt,"Elisa New
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature

Harvard University
148 Barker Center
12 Quincy Street
Cambridge, MA
02138

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027037
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014729.txt,"Disclosures
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Cause and Effect | 13 February 2017 9

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014729
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028304.txt,"THE HOUSE OF THE NOBLEMAN
CURATED BY WOLFE VON LENKIEWICZ & VICTORIA GOLEMBIOVSKAYA

PRESS CLIPPING (INTERNET)

QUINTESSENTIALLY™

http://www.quintessentially.com/insider/tag/london-art-galler

Posts Tagged ‘london art gallery’

The Inferno in the Frieze
Thursday, October 14th, 2010

As Frieze mania draws to a close, the capital is playing host to a number of enthralling and original surrounding
exhibitions and events this weekend.

The labyrinth of tunnels beneath Waterloo Station have been taken over by the Lazarides Gallery, who have
installed a mind blowing exhibition called ‘Hell’s Half Acre’. The space has been transformed into a large-scale
evocation of Dante’s literary masterpiece /nferno in which a group of young, cutting-edge artists have produced a
multi-sensory interpretation of hell, a strange consort of voodoo dolls, taxidermy, suspended bodies and barking
staffies. For something a little lighter, seek out Conor Harrington’s fleet of suspended model ships and their
shadows, as well a Jonathan Yeo nude in 3D. Until 17th October.

Catch the ‘Anticipation Show’ in Selfridges’ Ultra-lounge. It has fast become a celebrated, annual showcase of the
hottest artists of the moment, and is curated by Kay Saatchi and Catriona Warren. Photographers Noemie Goudal
and Robin Friend make stunning contributions with their antithetical takes on the natural landscape. And painter
Robert Dowling is no doubt a star in the making material with his clean, monochromatic wall pieces. With
arresting video installations and jaw dropping sculptural work from Blue Curry on show too, get yourself down
there for a glimpse of the future. Until 10th November.

\ oy
ior 9

ys 4!

For a star studded affair with big names and big pieces, check out ‘The House of the Nobleman’. A special
exhibition curated by ‘All Visual Arts’ Wolfe von Lenkiewicz and Victoria Golembiovskaya, you'll see heralded
gems from the likes of Edouard Manet and Picasso jostle alongside iconic Yves Klein and Ron Arad design pieces.
The makers and shakers of Modern and Contemporary art await your perusal. Rarely will see you such a
heavyweight list of artists all showing under one roof. Until 20th October at Boswall House, 2 Cornwall Terrace,
Regent’s Park, NW1. By appointment only.

www.cornwallterrace.co.uk/boswallhouse.

24

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028304
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021365.txt,"Belief and Connection

We tend to think of beliefs as
wisps of the mind that have no power in
the material world. However, as Gary
Berntson and Louise Hawkley have
discussed, beliefs can affect our health
even to the extent of determining life
and death. As Tanya Luhrmann
discusses, in some forms of Christianity,
there is a real belief in the presence of
God. This is not simply a belief of God
in the world, but a belief of a God who is
by one’s side. The idea of God as a
friend and companion clearly motivates
the desire to make such a presence
manifest in tangible ways. For some, it is
the sense of God with which they
commune, for others it is what they
believe to be a sensory experience of
God that they seek. Luhrmann outlines
how this belief, coupled with a
supportive social structure, can lead to
powerful personal experiences, such as
hearing the voice of God, reflecting the
operation of our social brains.

Our sense of social connection is
not dependent on a single set of religious
beliefs, however. In human social
connections, we can form individual
relationships with a spouse or friends
but, as John Cacioppo outlined, there are
other kinds of connections that our social
brain seeks, as well. We seek
connections with emergent structures
such as groups, clubs, teams,
congregations, and beyond. Kathryn
Tanner argues that the belief that God
created the world and bears causal
responsibility for it serves to connect
believers to life in a broader way than is
provided through individual
relationships. This broader connection to
life does not depend on the manifestation
of a presence to whom we can talk
because the evidence of social

Page |119

connection is apparent in the very fabric
of daily existence. Thus, whereas
Luhrmann discusses God as a palpable
friend that one can learn to attend to and
experience as an active presence in one’s
life, Tanner discusses God as the
initiator of life and the very fabric of
existence, a presence so ubiquitous that
there is no specific point on which one
can focus to attend to or experience God.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021365
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019442.txt,"In a nutshell...Tax collectors are never popular. Yet if the IRS lacks sufficient funds to do its job properly,
that means fewer dollars all around for all federal programs, including national defense, Social Security and
Medicare — and for reducing the deficit. Perhaps, as Ms. Olson suggests, Congress should change the way
it approaches the IRS’s budget and fund the IRS at whatever level Congress believes will “maximize tax
compliance, particularly voluntary compliance, with due regard for protecting taxpayer rights and minimizing
taxpayer burden.”

Changes afoot in New York?

On January 21, 2014, New York’s Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) introduced his comprehensive Executive Budget
for New York’s 2014-2015 fiscal year. The budget has a number of tax reform proposals, including
“modernizing” New York’s estate tax law and closing what it refers to as the resident trust “loophole.” Here
are a few highlights of this draft legislation:

e Estate Tax. For decedents dying on or after April 1, 2014, New York would begin lowering its top estate
tax rate of 16% (this currently applies to taxable estates just over $10 million), and increasing its $1
million estate tax exclusion amount; by April 1, 2017, the top estate tax rate would have dropped to 10%,
and the exclusion amount would have reached $5.25 million. As of January 1, 2019, that exclusion
amount would be indexed for inflation using the “cost of living adjustment,” defined as the percentage by
which the consumer price index (CPI) for 2018 exceeds the CPI for 2012; as of January 1, 2020, the
cost of living adjustment would be the percentage by which the CPI for 2019 exceeds the 2018 CPI; in
2021, the adjustment would be the percentage by which the 2020 CPI exceeds the 2018 CPI, and so
forth, in subsequent years. In addition, as of April 1, 2014, resident New York decedents would have to
include “adjusted taxable gifts” (see below) made on or after that date in their New York gross estates if
they were New York residents when they made the gifts; non-resident New York decedents would not
include such gifts in their New York taxable estates unless the gifts were of real or tangible property
located in New York, or of intangible property used in a New York trade or business.

Comments. The memorandum in support of this legislation states that New York’s estate tax is
“woefully out of date,” and that it gives wealthy New Yorkers an incentive to leave the state. In part, the
legislation would address this problem by lowering New York’s estate tax rate, and eventually raising its
estate tax exclusion to the federal basic exclusion amount, which it cites as $5.25 million, indexed for
inflation. Indeed, thanks to inflation-indexing, the basic exclusion amount was $5.25 million in 2013, and
in 2014, it is $5.34 million — meaning that in 2014, a married couple can protect up to $10.68 million from
federal gift or estate tax, assuming they haven’t made any prior gifts that used up some of this exclusion
(these are the “adjusted taxable gifts” referred to above). Thus, New York’s draft legislation targets a
number ($5.25 million) that is already stale. Nevertheless, the legislation would start indexing the New
York exclusion for inflation as of 2019; presumably, its CPI references would successfully match New
York’s exclusion to whatever the federal exclusion then is.

In addition, including certain lifetime gifts made on or after April 1, 2014 in the New York estate tax
computation could definitely increase a decedent’s New York estate tax, which generally doesn’t reflect
those gifts. It goes without saying that a New Yorker currently contemplating a significant lifetime gift
might want to complete that gift prior to April 1, 2014, given this draft legislation. But New Yorkers who
haven't yet made such gifts might be reluctant to do so — they may not want to, and may not even be a
New York resident at death.

e The resident trust “loophole.” The memorandum in support of this legislation explains that it would
make two “improvements” to the taxation of trusts. First, it would tax distributions of trust income
accumulated in prior years (“accumulation distributions”) to New York beneficiaries of non-resident trusts
(generally, trusts created by someone who was not a New Yorker) and of tax-exempt resident trusts
(generally, trusts created by a New Yorker that are exempt from New York income tax because they

Tax Topics 01/29/14 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019442
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014360.txt,"* Onamore cautious note, AXP said that Discount rate pressures are likely to remain
elevated near-term as EU merchants renegotiate contracts post-interchange rules
and the OptBlue program gains additional scale in the US. Strengthening in the
USS will also lead to FX headwinds that will likely impact NT results, particularly
from countries like Mexico where AXP has a large business.

Conference Panels Top Takeaways

Contact your BofA sales representative for additional information.

Blockchain: Potential Transformation of Financial Markets
With Blockchain one of the most talked about potential disruption in financial services
and 71% polled noting that blockchain is a significant opportunity for financial service
firms, we thought it was timely to host a panel on the potential impact of Blockchain on
financial markets that included Co-founder & COO of R3 Todd McDonald and CEO of
Axoni Greg Schvey.

+  Blockchain could lead to $60-80bn of annual potential cost savings for
financial institutions. While it is still early days to know what the full impact of
potential cost savings that blockchain technology could bring to financial
institutions, the panelists believe that total savings could reach $60-80bn.

¢ Successful implementation of equity swaps. An area where Blockchain has shown
to be successfully implemented is around equity swaps. Axoni had worked with
multiple financial institutions to handle data reconciliation around its equity swaps
record which drove efficiencies.

¢ Trade finance viewed as most likely for success. When asked which part of the
financial industry will be the first to successfully utilize blockchain technology, 38%
of those polled cited trade finance/transaction banking as the most likely, with 28%
citing capital markets & securities servicing.

Chart 66: Which part of the financial industry do you believe will be the first to successfully utilize
blockchain technology?

38%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Wholesale payments Trade Capital markets & Retail payments
(cross-border F/X, _ fianance/transaction —_ securities servicing (parallel currency
correspondent banking) banking (receivables (securities settlement, systems, remittances)
finance, commodities asset documentation)

trade finance)

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

¢ Implementation could be earlier than expected. While many investors are
skeptical that blockchain will be broadly adopted in the near term, with none of the
audience expecting it to be widely adopted within 12-24 months, the panelists were
more optimistic and believes that there could be upside surprise in terms of the
timing as proof points and implementation could happen more quickly than
expected.

BankofAmerica <2”

46 2016 Future of Financials Conference | 17 November 2016 Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014360
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018984.txt,"Date: 7/13/06 PALM BEACH POLICE DEPARTMENT Page: 31

Time: 9:27:55. Incident Report Program: CMS301L
Case No. .. . : 1-05-000368 (Continued)
police questioning. This voice mail message was recorded onto.a micro
cassette. rovided the incoming telephone number as
stated she inadvertently told about

the police investigation because[_|had called her to t

about how she just received a rental car from Jeff Epstein.

had called her to tell her that she was given a rental car, a 2005
Silver Nissan Sentra, to utilize to visit family and visit Jeff.

L—_Jasked her what was_ going on at_the house that the police would
e asking questions. — stated[ si then called Jeff and
and asked what was going on reference the ongoing police
investigation. According to [__ |MMMMMM has since then been trying to
contact her to ask about the police questions. I instructed not
to contact MBB and do not provide any more information to

she would notify Jeff Epstein and HE what was transpiring.

as

Investigation Continues...

KRRKEKERREKERKEERRERREEEEREEEE NARRATIVE HQ RRKKKKEKEKKEKREEKEEKRKEEREKREREE
Reported By: LEE, LA'MONT 10/07/05
Entered By.: ALTOMARO, NICKIE A. 10/07/05

On March 30, 2005, I was asked by Sgt. Daniel Szarszewski to begin
conducting surveillance and trash pulls reference Detective Pagan
conducting a criminal investigation involving Jeffrey Epstein. I was
advised that Epstein was possibly engaging in sexual contact with
young females.

On March 30, 2005, I made contact with Town of Palm Beach Sanitation
Office Supervisor Tony Higgins and requested trash pulls for 358 El
Brillo Way to begin on March 31, 2005.

b6
On March 31, 2005 at 9:20 a.m., I responded to the area of 358 El b7c
Brillo Way and met with Town of Palm Beach sanitation employee,
Jeffrey Williams. I observed Williams enter the driveway of 358 El
Brillo Way, collect the trash bags from Epstein's property and place
the contents into an empty sanitation truck. I followed Williams to a
nearby area, were he turned over seventeen white plastic trash bags,
which were collected from Epstein's property.

I took the trash bags to the sanitation department were I sifted
through its contents. _I collected mail correspondence from Armani
Exchange addressed to , Jeffrey E. Epstein notepaper
with an important message notepaper addressed to
[_|dated 03729705 at 8:15 p.m. reference Peggy Seagal, U.S Airways
boarding pass copy for passenger, Janusz Banasiak, Montgomery County,
Maryland Health Department food service ID NO#40820 for Janusz
Banasiak and Ghislaine Maxwell notepaper with names and phone numbers.
Photocopies of the trash collected were attached with the supplement.
Detective Pagan was advised of the contents that were collected for
evidentiary value.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018984
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033388.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 4/16/2017 3:12:17 PM 
To: Thorbjon Jagland 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
I'll be better I feel terrible having to cut your stay short. There is much going on . Many investigations will 
begin 
On Sun, Apr 16, 2017 at 11:04 AM Thorbjon Jagland < > wrote: 
Hope you recover quickly. We have had wonderful days. Tell me when you are coming to Paris so that we can 
talk. I really don't understand Trump. Today I have to deal with the referendum in Turkey. Endogan is another 
difficult to understand 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033388 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012711.txt,"From: Stephanie

Sent: 6/14/2011 4:54:35 PM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com
cc: Lesley Grof

Subject: RE: Events this week

Importance: — High

Other events that are not listed below (they were sent over from Marshall Heyman at the WSJ) Let me know if you are
interested.

Tonight: Red Rooster for Halle Berry, Simon & Schuster party for publication of the new James Bond Novel & the
opening of Spiderman w/ an after party at bowlmore.

Wednesday: Self Magazine & Zooey Deschanel Party

Thursday: Worldwide Orphans w/ Amy Poehler

CALENDAR OF MAJOR EVENTS, OPENINGS, AND FUNDRAISERS IN NEW YORK

Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Sunrise: 5:25 am Sunset 8:26 pm Moon:
High: 77 Low: 61

After-School All-Stars of New York

PRINT | MAP | TWEET

Benefit Mandarin Oriental New York. New York. Contact: Janice Phillips. Ps
Event address: 80 Columbus Circle, New York. Event web address: www.asasny.org.

Tags: Fundraiser Child Advocacy Education K-12.

EXPAND

New York Area Professional Convention Management Association

PRINT | MAP | TWEET
Luncheon Reception, networking and program. Doubletree Guest Suites. New York. Contact: Shannon

Event address: 1568 Broadway, New York. Event web address: pcma.org.
Tags: Discussion Luncheon Networking Association.
EXPAND

Business Development Institute

PRINT | MAP | TWEET
Mobile Financial Services Communications Leadership Forum Disucssions. New York University Midtown Campus. New

York. Contact: Maria Feola.

Event address: 11 West 42nd Street, New York. Event web address:
www.bdionline.com/mobilefinancialforum0611.html.

Tags: Discussion Education Adult.
EXPAND

New York Professional Convention Management Association

PRINT | TWEET

Taking Care of Business: Moving from Success to Significance Discussions and networking. Business attire. Speaker(s):
Sue Hershkowitz-Coore. Doubletree Times Square. Contact: Shannon Harris. [I

Event address: 1568 Broadway 47th Street, New York,. Event web address: www.pcma.org/x147.xml?events=x19306.
Tags: Discussion Networking.

EXPAND

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012711
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025241.txt,"This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the
purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal
privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025241
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023113.txt,"==

espn.com / Ian O'Connor Ian O'Connor has won numerous national
awards as a sports columnist and is the author of three books, including
the bestseller, ""The Captain: The ...

Mayor Rapinoe? Senator Rapinoe?
President Rapinoe?!? In America’s
World Cup Heroine, a Political Star Is
Born

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023113
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014701.txt,"Origins February 24 — 26, 2017
PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Challenges of Artificial Intelligence:
Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes

true today to some extent, but the above advances in ML/Al could make the situation substantially
worse, in extreme cases perhaps even rendering useful mass communication on the internet
untenable.

The rising capabilities can be used in multiple ways in multiple settings with multiple goals. Some uses
may be subtle and employed over time to do important but damaging biasing of sentiment about
individuals and groups of people. The capabilities can be combined to enable identity theft or identify
distortion for destroying the reputation of people and groups. As such, these abilities could enable
small groups to wield great power in multiple arenas and for new forms of blackmail, threats, and
control.

SUMMARY

Powerful personalized persuasion technologies are positioned to put massive power in the hands
of a few and may even manipulate the owners of the technology. Powerful propaganda and
persuasion machines threatens to undermine democracy, free availability of information about the
state of the world, and, more generally, freedom of thought. Leaders may increasingly depend
upon such propaganda optimization systems for attaining and holding power. Over time, even the
potential initial owners of such systems might become unaware or unable to control these
systems—and may believe the propaganda themselves.

In the longer-term, there is the possibility that one or multiple systems, or distributed coalitions of
systems communicating implicitly or explicitly could autonomously persuade, subjugate, and
control populations. Pathways to such situations include the side effects of rise in the large-scale
use by people of communicating personalized filters that interpret and pool information with the
initial intention of grappling with widespread uses of manipulative information.

SAMPLE TRAJECTORY

e ML-based customized advert placement continues to prove highly successful, generating revenues
for large online companies

e Profits from online content (online newspapers behind paywalls, charitable contributions to
information sources e.g. Wikipedia) stagnate or decline

e Anincreasing number of information sources enter into collaborations with media brokers who
offer ""content customization"" in exchange for ad-revenue sharing

e Poor oversight of content personalization outcomes (there are, after all, billions of ad versions
being shown, and updated on an hourly basis), means that for some ad content (political parties,
pharmaceuticals) for some minority of target audiences (especially less privileged) the effect is very
harmful.

KEY POINTS
e New directions with generation of provocative, believable content, hacking of identity
e Algorithmic manipulation of data to optimize desired behavior regardless of content

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014701
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013427.txt,"Page 2
HEARING SET TO CONSIDER SECRECY OF PLEA BARGAIN Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) June 15,
2009 Monday

Money manager Jeffrey Epstein made a deal and is serving an 18-month sentence in jail. Attorneys for young
women suing Epstein are asking a judge to unseal the deal that Epstein made with federal prosecutors.

NOTES: < Informational box at end of text. {TOPIC} Prostitution solicitation case

LOAD-DATE: June 15, 2009

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013427
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026273.txt,"From: Steve Bannon 
Sent: 6/23/2018 12:44:08 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Fwd: Re: 
Attachments: image001.png; image002.png; image003.png; image004.png 
Importance: High 
Big deal 
Begin forwarded message: 
Resent-From: 
From: ""Rivkin, David"" 
Date: June 23, 2018 at 8:14:49 AM EDT 
To: Steve Bannon 
Subject: Fwd: Re: 
Here it is. 
Sent from my iPhone 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: ""Grossman, Andrew M"" _________ 
Date: June 23, 2018 at 12:56:55 AM EDT 
To: ""Rivkin, David"" 
Subject: Re: 
Mueller's Fruit of the Poisonous Tree 
It makes no difference how honorable he is. His investigation is tainted by the bias that 
attended its origin in 2016. 
By 
David B. Rivkin Jr. and 
Elizabeth Price Foley 
June 22, 2018 6:38 p.m. ET 
414  COMMENTS 
Special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation may face a serious legal obstacle: It is tainted by 
antecedent political bias. The June 14 report from Michael Horowitz, the Justice Department's 
inspector general, unearthed a pattern of anti-Trump bias by high-ranking officials at the Federal 
Bureau of Investigation. Some of their communications, the report says, were ""not only indicative of a 
biased state of mind but imply a willingness to take action to impact a presidential candidate's electoral 
prospects."" Although Mr. Horowitz could not definitively ascertain whether this bias ""directly 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026273 
affected"" specific FBI actions in the Hillary Clinton email investigation, it nonetheless affects the 
legality of the Trump-Russia collusion inquiry, code-named Crossfire Hurricane. 
Crossfire was launched only months before the 2016 election. Its FBI progenitors—the same ones who 
had investigated Mrs. Clinton—deployed at least one informant to probe Trump campaign advisers, 
obtained Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court wiretap warrants, issued national security letters to 
gather records, and unmasked the identities of campaign officials who were surveilled. They also 
repeatedly leaked investigative information. 
Mr. Horowitz is separately scrutinizing Crossfire and isn't expected to finish for months. But the 
current report reveals that FBI officials displayed not merely an appearance of bias against Donald 
Trump, but animus bordering on hatred. Peter Strzok, who led both the Clinton and Trump 
investigations, confidently assuaged a colleague's fear that Mr. Trump would become president: ""No 
he won't. We'll stop it."" An unnamed FBI lawyer assigned to Crossfire told a colleague he was 
""devastated"" and ""numb"" after Mr. Trump won, while declaring to another FBI attorney: ""Viva le 
resistance."" 
The report highlights the FBI's failure to act promptly upon discovering that Anthony Weiner's laptop 
contained thousands of Mrs. Clinton's emails. Investigators justified the delay by citing the ""higher 
priority"" of Crossfire. But Mr. Horowitz writes: ""We did not have confidence that Strzok's decision to 
prioritize the Russia investigation over following up on [the] investigative lead discovered on the 
Weiner laptop was free from bias."" 
Similarly, although Mr. Horowitz found no evidence that then-FBI Director James Comey was trying 
to influence the election, Mr. Comey did make decisions based on political considerations. He told the 
inspector general that his election-eve decision to reopen the Clinton email investigation was motivated 
by a desire to protect her assumed presidency's legitimacy. 
The inspector general wrote that Mr. Strzok's text messages ""created the appearance that investigative 
decisions were impacted by bias or improper considerations."" The report adds, importantly, that ""most 
of the text messages raising such questions pertained to the Russia investigation."" Given how biases 
ineluctably shape behavior, these facts create a strong inference that by squelching the Clinton 
investigation and building a narrative of Trump-Russia collusion, a group of government officials 
sought to bolster Mrs. Clinton's electoral chances and, if the unthinkable happened, obtain an insurance 
policy to cripple the Trump administration with accusations of illegitimacy. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026274 
What does this have to do with Mr. Mueller, who was appointed in May 2017 after President Trump 
fired Mr. Comey? The inspector general concludes that the pervasive bias ""cast a cloud over the FBI 
investigations to which these employees were assigned,"" including Crossfire. And if Crossfire was 
politically motivated, then its culmination, the appointment of a special counsel, inherited the taint. All 
special-counsel activities—investigations, plea deals, subpoenas, reports, indictments and 
convictions—are fruit of a poisonous tree, byproducts of a violation of due process. That Mr. Mueller 
and his staff had nothing to do with Crossfire's origin offers no cure. 
When the government deprives a person of life, liberty or property, it is required to use fundamentally 
fair processes. The Supreme Court has made clear that when governmental action ""shocks the 
conscience,"" it violates due process. Such conduct includes investigative or prosecutorial efforts that 
appear, under the totality of the circumstances, to be motivated by corruption, bias or entrapment. 
In U.S. v. Russell (1973), the justices observed: ""We may someday be presented with a situation in 
which the conduct of law enforcement agents is so outrageous that due process principles would 
absolutely bar the government from invoking judicial processes to obtain a conviction."" It didn't take 
long. In Blackledge v. Perry (1974), the court concluded that due process was offended by a 
prosecutor's ""realistic likelihood of 'vindictiveness' "" that tainted the ""very initiation of proceedings."" 
In Young v. U.S. ex rel. Vuitton (1987), the justices held that because prosecutors have ""power to 
employ the full machinery of the state in scrutinizing any given individual. . . we must have assurance 
that those who would wield this power will be guided solely by their sense of public responsibility for 
the attainment of justice."" Prosecutors must be ""disinterested"" and make ""dispassionate assessments,"" 
free from any personal bias. 
In Williams v. Pennsylvania (2016), the court held that a state judge's potential bias violated due 
process because he had played a role, a quarter-century earlier, in prosecuting the death-row inmate 
whose habeas corpus petition he was hearing. The passage of time and involvement of others do not 
vitiate the taint but heighten ""the need for objective rules preventing the operation of bias that might 
otherwise be obscured,"" the justices wrote. A single biased individual ""might still have an influence 
that, while not so visible . . . is nevertheless significant."" 
In addition to the numerous anti-Trump messages uncovered by the inspector general, there is a strong 
circumstantial case—including personnel, timing, methods and the absence of evidence—that Crossfire 
was initiated for political, not national-security, purposes. 
It was initiated in defiance of a longstanding Justice Department presumption against investigating 
campaigns in an election year. And while impartiality is always required, a 2012 memo by then-
Attorney General Eric Holder emphasizes that impartiality is ""particularly important in an election 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026275 
year,"" and ""politics must play no role in the decisions of federal prosecutors or investigators regarding 
any investigations. . . . Law enforcement officers and prosecutors may never select the timing of 
investigative steps or criminal charges for the purpose of affecting any election, or for the purpose of 
giving an advantage or disadvantage to any candidate or political party."" 
Strong evidence of a crime can overcome this policy, as was the case with the bureau's investigation of 
Mrs. Clinton's private email server, which began more than a year before the 2016 election. But 
Crossfire was not a criminal investigation. It was a counterintelligence investigation predicated on the 
notion that Russia could be colluding with the Trump campaign. There appears to have been no 
discernible evidence of Trump-Russia collusion at the time Crossfire was launched, further reinforcing 
the notion that it was initiated ""for the purpose"" of affecting the presidential election. 
The chief evidence of collusion is the hacking of the Democratic National Committee's servers. But 
nothing in the public record suggests the Trump campaign aided that effort. The collusion narrative 
therefore hinges on the more generic assertion that Russia aimed to help Mr. Trump's election, and that 
the Trump campaign reciprocated by embracing pro-Russian policies. Yet despite massive surveillance 
and investigation, there's still no public evidence of any such exchange—only that Russia attempted to 
sow political discord by undermining Mrs. Clinton and to a lesser extent Mr. Trump. 
Some members of the Trump team interacted with Russians and advocated dovish policies. But so did 
numerous American political and academic elites, including many Clinton advisers. Presidential 
campaigns routinely seek opposition research and interact with foreign powers. The Clinton campaign 
funded the Steele dossier, whose British author paid Russians to dish anti-Trump dirt. The Podesta 
Group, led by the brother of Mrs. Clinton's campaign chairman, received millions lobbying for 
Russia's largest baffl( and the European Center for a Modern Ukraine, both with deep Kremlin ties. The 
Clinton Foundation and Bill Clinton took millions from Kremlin-connected businesses. 
No evidence has emerged of Trump-Russia collusion, and Mr. Mueller has yet to bring collusion-
related charges against anyone. Evidence suggests one of his targets, George Papadopoulos, was lured 
to London, plied with the prospect of Russian information damaging to Mrs. Clinton, and taken to 
dinner, where he drunkenly bragged that he'd heard about such dirt but never seen it. These 
circumstances not only fail to suggest Mr. Papadopoulos committed a crime, they reek of entrapment. 
The source of this information, former Australian diplomat Alexander Downer, admits Mr. 
Papadopolous never mentioned emails, destroying any reasonable inference of a connection between 
the DNC hack and the Trump campaign. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026276 
Crossfire's progenitors thus ignored an obvious question: If Russia promised unspecified dirt on Mrs. 
Clinton but never delivered it, how would that amount to collusion with the Trump campaign? If 
anything, such behavior suggests an attempt to entice and potentially embarrass Mr. Trump by 
dangling the prospect of compromising information and getting his aides to jump at it. 
Given the paucity of evidence, it's staggering that the FBI would initiate a counterintelligence 
investigation, led by politically biased staff, amid a presidential campaign. The aggressive methods and 
subsequent leaking only strengthen that conclusion. If the FBI sincerely believed Trump associates 
were Russian targets or agents, the proper response would have been to inform Mr. Trump so that he 
could protect his campaign and the country. 
Mr. Trump's critics argue that the claim of political bias is belied by the fact that Crossfire was not 
leaked before the election. In fact, there were vigorous, successful pre-election efforts to publicize the 
Trump-Russia collusion narrative. Shortly after Crossfire's launch, CIA Director John Brennan and Mr. 
Comey briefed Congress, triggering predictable leaking. Christopher Steele and his patrons embarked 
on a media roadshow, making their dossier something of an open secret in Washington. 
On Aug. 29, 2016, the New York Times published a letter to Mr. Comey from Senate Minority Leader 
Harry Reid, saying he'd learned of ""evidence of a direct connection between the Russian government 
and Donald Trump's presidential campaign,"" which had ""employed a number of individuals with 
significant and disturbing ties to Russia and the Kremlin."" On Aug. 30, the ranking Democratic 
members of four House committees wrote a public letter to Mr. Comey requesting ""that the FBI assess 
whether connections between Trump campaign officials and Russian interests"" may have contributed 
to the DNC hack so as ""to interfere with the U.S. presidential election."" On Sept. 23, Yahoo News's 
Michael Isikoff reported the Hill briefings and the Steele dossier's allegations regarding Carter Page. 
On Oct. 30, Harry Reid again publicly wrote Mr. Comey: ""In my communications with you and other 
top officials in the national security community, it has become clear that you possess explosive 
information about close ties and coordination between Donald Trump, his top advisors, and the Russian 
government."" 
That these leaking efforts failed to prevent Mr. Trump's victory, or that Mr. Comey's ham-fisted 
interventions might have also hurt Mrs. Clinton's electoral prospects, does not diminish the legal 
significance of the anti-Trump bias shown by government officials. 
The totality of the circumstances creates the appearance that Crossfire was politically motivated. Since 
an attempt by federal law enforcement to influence a presidential election ""shocks the conscience,"" any 
prosecutorial effort derived from such an outrageous abuse of power must be suppressed. The public 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026277 
will learn more once the inspector general finishes his investigation into Crossfire's genesis. But given 
what is now known, due process demands, at a minimum, that the special counsel's activity be paused. 
Those affected by Mr. Mueller's investigation could litigate such an argument in court. One would 
hope, however, that given the facts either Mr. Mueller himself or Deputy Attorney General Rod 
Rosenstein would do it first. 
Mr. Rivkin and Ms. Foley practice appellate and constitutional law in Washington. He served at the 
Justice Department and the White House Counsel's Office during the Reagan and George H.W. Bush 
administrations. She is a professor at Florida International University College of Law. 
Appeared in the June 23, 2018, print edition. 
Best, 
Andrew 
Andrew Grossman 
Partner 
BakerHostetler 
Washington Square 
1050 Connecticut Ave, N.W. I Suite 1100 
Wash inciton. DC 20036-5304 
bakerlaw.com 
From: ""Rivkin, David"" 
Date: Friday, June 22, 2018 at 7:50 PM 
To: ""Grossman, Andrew M"" 
Subject: <no subject> 
Can you please send me WSJ op Ed. Tx 
Sent from my iPhone 
This email is intended only for the use of the party to which it is 
addressed and may contain information that is privileged, 
confidential, or protected by law. If you are not the intended 
recipient you are hereby notified that any dissemination, copying 
or distribution of this email or its contents is strictly prohibited. 
If you have received this message in error, please notify us immediately 
by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. 
Any tax advice in this email is for information purposes only. The content 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026278 
of this email is limited to the matters specifically addressed herein 
and may not contain a full description of all relevant facts or a 
complete analysis of all relevant issues or authorities. 
Internet communications are not assured to be secure or clear of 
inaccuracies as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, 
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we do not accept responsibility for any errors or omissions that are 
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of e-mail transmission. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026279 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014348.txt,"uncertain macro backdrop. That said, following the results of the election, and
assuming the new administration can create fiscal stimulus, management sounded
optimistic around growth prospects in C&! (10% ex-energy YoY), owner-occupied,
etc.

= Energy portfolio performing in-line with expectations. Management reaffirmed
the >8% allowance on its energy portfolio ($2.3mn or 5% of total loans) remains
sufficient to cover future losses. However, continued stress in its oilfield services
portfolio (26% of portfolio) remains the primary reason behind ZION’s cautious
view. This was consistent with the 60% of the audience polled whose ownership in
the stock is modestly influenced by this portfolio. That said, until supply/demand
fundamentals improve or activity picks up, material reserve release is unlikely.

Chart 51: How much does credit quality in ZION’s energy portfolio influence your decision on owning
the stock?

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%

0%

Still a material factor in my A modest factor in my No longer a factor in my
investment decision investment decision investment decision

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

=  Steepening yield curve a modest benefit, though short-end matters more.
Despite recent actions that have reduced the bank’s asset sensitivity, ZION remains
the most asset sensitive among US banks. For a 25bp rise in the short-end, ZION
estimates a $30mn incremental benefit to spread income. That said, due to the
variable-rate mismatch between assets/liabilities, a steeper yield curve is expected
to have a marginal impact.

= Potential changes to CCAR viewed as positive for ZION. Mr. Burdiss viewed the
potential change to the annual stress test (CCAR), specifically the static RWA
balance, as net positive for the bank/industry. That said, overall these changes are
immaterial as CCAR remains their capital constraint. Although only 14% of the
audience polled think more aggressive capital return is the most important catalyst
for the stock (top response: 29% for stronger revenue growth), investor bias leaned
higher as it relates to total payout.

34 2016 Future of Financials Conference | 17 November 2016 Bankof America 2
Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014348
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030411.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 1/31/2019 10:47:52 PM 
To: Michael Wolff 
_____________ worked at mara lago. . she was the one that accused prince andrew. . trump said he asked 
me to resign, never a member ever. . of course he knew about the girls as he asked ghislaine to stop 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030411 
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016116.txt,"Table 2: Initiatives introduced by the Saudi Vision 2030

Initiative Current Target
Religious tourism

Number of yearly Umrah visitors per year (mn) 8 30
Building the largest Islamic museum in the world -

Culture

Number of Saudi heritage sites registered with UNESCO 4 8
Number of Saudi cities recognized in the top-ranked 100 cities in the world 0 3
Household spending on cultural and entertainment activities (%) 2.9 6
Social

Average life expectancy (years) 74 80
Unemployment rate (%) 11.6 7
Female labour force participation (%) 22 30
Household savings ratio (% of household income) 6 10
Ranking in the Social Capital Index 26 10
Ratio of individuals exercising at least once a week (%) 13 40
Number of volunteers per year 11,000 1,000,000
Localization

Localization of oil and gas sectors (%) 40 15
Localization of defence industry (%) 2 50

Renewable energy value chain (%) - =
Sovereign Wealth Fund

Public Investment Fund assets (SAR bn) 600 7,000
Economy

Global ranking of the economy in terms of size 19 15
Ranking in the Global Competitiveness Index 25 10
Ranking in the Logistics Performance Index 49 25
Private sector contribution to GDP (%) 40 65
Foreign Direct Investment (% of GDP) 3.8 5.7
Non-oil exports share in non-oil GDP (%) 16 50
SME contribution to GDP (%) 20 35
Non-profit sector contribution to GDP <1 5

Improving the business environment and pursuing public-private partnerships -
Rehabilitating economic cities and restructure King Abdullah Financial District -
Establishing special zones such as logistic, tourist, industrial and financial ones -
Revise energy subsidies and redirect support to eligible citizens and economic sectors -
Ease restrictions on ownership and foreign investment in the retail sector -

Fiscal

Non-oil government revenue (SAR bn) 163 1,000
Governance

Ranking in the Government Effectiveness Index 80 20
Ranking in the E-Government Survey Index 36 5

Source: Saudi Vision 2030

6 GEMs Paper #26 | 30 June 2016 3S Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016116
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011088.txt,"Spencer’s “survival of the fittest’ doctrine would be a truism if we could prove the
theory of natural causality. We can’t by any means known to me. Science takes it as a
working assumption. So did Hume, and so do |. If God intervenes only a little, so that

laws of nature comes close to reality most of the time, we're still in business.

My critique of Hamilton’s rule proposed that nepotism meets resistance when it
conflicts with nepotistic goals of others. I proposed a modus vivendi through
agonistic rules. Hamilton’s parasite theory with Zuk, written 18 years later, gives the

game plan.

Nepotism, meaning kin selection through Hamilton’s rule, is in the common interest
to a point. It speeds up proof of best genes to beat the current parasites by testing
female genes as well as male ones. Healthier mothers and sisters and aunts carry
more fitness to invest in more young. And females in most K-selected species,
including humans, perform most care of the offspring and siblings and nepotes
(nephews and nieces) that receive it!°. Male competition alone does not determine
best current genes to nature’s satisfaction. Female breeding competition and

nepotistic investment help prove them farther.

All agonistic rules are about keeping the contest fair and deciding when proof is
enough. Long-term success against future as well as current parasites needs most
losers, not all, to go to the bench (low frequencies; source demes in my version)

rather than to extinction. Most losers survived to enter the contest because they

10 The burden is about 50-50 in pair-bonding birds. Fathers look to be the only caregivers in
territorial fish such as sticklebacks.

Chapter 7 Petty’s Idea 2/3/16 29

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011088
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012739.txt,"Sales this week

Starting Today at 83pm BST
Mamaison Hotel Budapest
Sofitel Montreal Golden Mile
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Starting Friday at 8pm BST
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To unsubscribe from ASW Travel Deals email advertisements, please click here.

=e

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012739
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018774.txt,"FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

COST CONVENTION ROOMS
PASI ($MILLIONS) SPACE(SF) TIMESHARE HOTEL COMPLETED
2016
MGM Resorts International Areana (Indoor Arena) $375 April 2016
Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino (Renovation) $66 January 2016
Topgolf Las Vegas (Renovation) $50 Spring 2016
Toshiba Plaza $66 January 2016
Henderson Space and Science Center $63 Spring 2016
Thomas & Mack Center (Renovation) $47 Spring 2016
Tropicana Las Vegas (Renovation) $20 Spring 2016
Boulevard Mall (Redevelopment) $23 Fall 2016
TOTAL 2016 $710 0 0
2018,
All Net Resort and Arena $1,400 CY 2018
Resorts World Las Vegas (Phase 1) $4,000 Spring 2018
TOTAL 2018 $5,400 0 0
TOTAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENT $6,110 0 0

f
the os

Ca ower
& ae

1""

te, ae = % a “.
™s

HOUSE. OVERSIGHT _018774
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030377.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 1/30/2015 7:04:56 PM 
To: Martin G. Weinberg 
Subject: Re: Fw: Fwd: Media Enquiry - The Guardian - Re: Jeffrey Epstein 
Importance: High 
Privileged -Redacted 
L._ 
On Fri, Jan 30, 2015 at 3:03 PM, Martin G. Weinberg > wrote: 
Privileged - Redacted 
From: David Pegg  
Sent: Friday, January 30, 2015 12:00 PM 
To:______________________________ 
Subject: Fwd: Media Enquiry - The Guardian - Re: Jeffrey Epstein 
Dear Mr Weinberg, 
I hope this email finds you well. I am a journalist at The Guardian newspaper in London. 
We are preparing for publication an article in which we may mention Mr Jeffrey Epstein, who is your client. 
We have sent Mr Epstein an email concerning this article and made a number of attempts to contact him, to 
which he has not responded. 
Please see the email in question below. Should Mr Epstein wish to respond, please ensure that we receive his 
response by no later than 18:00 on Monday 2nd February 2015. 
I would be grateful if you could acknowledge receipt of this email. 
Yours faithfully, 
David Pegg 
The Guardian 
Kings Place 
90 York Way 
London 
Ni 9GU 
----------Forwarded  message----------  
From: David Pegg <________________________________ 
Date: 29 January 2015 at 16:49 
Subject: Re: Media Enquiry - The Guardian - Re: Jeffrey Epstein 
To: Jeffrey@jeffreyepstein.org  
Dear Mr Epstein, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030377 
I write further to an email sent to you earlier this month, concerning an article we are preparing for 
publication in which you may be mentioned. 
We have not received a response from you. If you wish to respond, please do so as soon as possible and no 
later than 18:00 on Monday 2nd February 2015. 
For your convenience, please see the original letter below,. 
Yours faithfully, 
David Pegg 
The Guardian 
Kings Place 
90 York Way 
London 
Ni 9GU 
On 5 January 2015 at 11:14, David Pegg ________________________________ wrote: 
Swiss Accounts Survey 
Dear Mr Epstein, 
We are writing because a US media organisation, in concert with ourselves at the Guardian newspaper in 
London, is currently conducting a detailed survey of Swiss bank accounts, past and present. 
It is not illegal to have Swiss accounts. But as you may know, it is a topic of considerable public debate, and 
several governments have been investigating the owners of such accounts. 
There are a number of ways such accounts and also offshore trusts have been used to avoid inheritance tax, 
UK domestic tax, or tax imposed by other countries. Such accounts have also been used to launder money. 
We have seen records held in the US identifying you among those who have held accounts. These accounts 
contained assets of up to USD 3.5m, and include: 
HSBC (Suisse) SA 
FAMILY INTEREST L.P. 
22079 
BESSIE 
JEFFREY EPSTEIN 
1) You may therefore have been a person evading or avoiding tax, or laundering money. 
We will be particularly concerned with these questions: 
2) Why you had Swiss accounts. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030378 
3) How much back tax you have settled with the tax authorities following their investigation of your affairs. 
Additionally, from public records and from material we have seen we note that: 
4) In 2008 you pleaded guilty to solicitation of prostitution and procuring minors for prostitution. You were 
sentenced to 18 months in prison. 
5) Your above accounts were also linked with Mr Leslie Wexner. 
6) You are known to be or have previously been closely associated with Bill Clinton, Prince Andrew and Kevin 
Spacey. 
7) You have made substantial contributions to the Clintons' philanthropic causes. Tax reform campaigners 
have previously been critical of those who engage in public life or the political process while avoiding or 
evading tax. Hilary Clinton herself, speaking in 2012, noted the importance of elites paying a substantial 
share of tax: ""One of the issues that I have been preaching about around the world is collecting taxes in an 
equitable manner — especially from the elites in every country."" 
It is intended shortly to publish the results of our survey in both the US and the UK. 
As responsible journalists acting in the public interest, we would first like to give you the opportunity to 
comment. 
If we do not hear from you by 18:00 on Monday 12th January 2015 (preferably by email to 
we shall proceed on the basis that you do not wish to comment on or 
amend our information. 
But we have approached you in a straightforward fashion and hope you will take this opportunity to respond 
if you wish. Your substantive responses to each of our numbered points will be carefully considered and 
published if appropriate. 
(For the avoidance of doubt, we do not normally regard any generalised assertion of ""inaccuracies"" as a 
substantive response; nor any generalised statement that the holders acted on advice. Neither will we 
regard as substantive any comment that only refers to the present state of affairs and not to the past.) 
We are, of course, happy to discuss directly any concerns you may have. 
We would be most grateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter. This will save us from chasing. 
Yours faithfully, 
David Pegg 
The Guardian 
Kings Place 
90 York Way 
London 
Ni 9GU 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030379 
Visit theguardian.com. On your mobile and tablet, download the Guardian iPhone and Android apps 
theguardian.com/guardianapp and our tablet editions theguardian.com/editions. Save up to 57% by 
subscribing to the Guardian and Observer - choose the papers you want and get full digital 
access. Visit subscribe.theguardian.com  
This e-mail and all attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the named 
recipient, please notify the sender and delete the e-mail and all attachments immediately. Do not 
disclose the contents to another person. You may not use the information for any purpose, or store, 
or copy, it in any way. Guardian News & Media Limited is not liable for any computer viruses or 
other material transmitted with or as part of this e-mail. You should employ virus checking software. 
Guardian News & Media Limited is a member of Guardian Media Group plc. Registered Office: PO 
Box 68164, Kings Place, 90 York Way, London, N1P 2AP. Registered in England Number 908396 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030380 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031069.txt,"From: Lawrence Krauss 
Sent: 4/6/2011 10:58:21 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
CC: Lawrence Krauss 
Subject: Re: Statement in the Daily Beast? 
people are now throwing out my books, according to her blog.. more nonsense.. 
On Apr 6, 2011, at 3:56 PM, Jeffrey Epstein wrote: 
what evidence? no real sex.. where is she getting her so called facts 
On Thu, Apr 7, 2011 at 12:18 AM, Lawrence Krauss wrote: 
Beyond anything else, you are my friend. I hope we can both always remember that, no matter what. 
Are you coming this weekend at all? 
Lawrence Krauss 
Foundation Professor 
School of Earth and Space Exploration and Physics Dept. 
Co-director, Cosmology Initiative 
and Director, Origins initiative 
Arizona State University 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Apr 6, 2011, at 3:15 PM, Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
no it was appreciated. thanks 
On Wed, Apr 6, 2011 at 11:31 PM, Lawrence Krauss wrote: 
just so you know.. you can read from bottom up.. you may be mad that I was blunt... haven't heard from 
you.. hope all is well.. 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Rebecca Watson <1____________________________________ 
Date: April 6, 2011 10:28:36 AM MST  
To: Lawrence Krauss <__________________ 
Subject: Re: Statement in the Daily Beast? 
Okay, will do. 
On Wed, Apr 6, 2011 at 1:27 PM, Lawrence Kraussill> wrote: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031069 
ok.. I just sent an additional email which moderates this.. everyone was a victim, including Jeffrey here.. 
and there was no happy resolution.. please add.. ""probably everyone was a victim, with no happy resolution 
or consequences of these activities"", after ""was the victim in this case."". 
On Apr 6, 2011, at 10:18 AM, Rebecca Watson wrote: 
Okay, thanks for this statement . . . I'll print it in full along with the article, probably today. I very, very 
strongly disagree with your position and hope you eventually reconsider, but I do appreciate you taking the 
time to respond. 
-R 
On Wed, Apr 6, 2011 at 1:15 PM, Lawrence Krauss wrote: 
jeffrey apparently paid for massages with sex... I believe him when he told me he had no idea the girls were 
underage, and I doubt that people normally are asked for or present a driver's license under such 
circumstances... Moreover, I also believe that Jeffrey is an easy target for those who want to take advantage 
of him... Moreover, I can say with great honesty that Jeffrey's time in prison led him to seriously examine 
his life in very positive ways and I don't believe in blanket condemnations of people. He served time for 
something that was determined was inappropriate. I honestly don't know who was the victim in this case. I 
fully expect that these masseuses knew what they were doing, and were not swayed to do anything with 
Jeffrey that they were not already doing. That is not to approve of the whole behavior, but lots of peopleI 
know and like have behavior I don't entirely approve of. I know it is not politically correct to say that, 
because in general this is a very sensitive issue and all other things being equal one should take the side of 
the young women. But all things are not equal in this case, from my point of view. It is a judgement call, 
and I will not turn my back on a good friend so easily. 
On Apr 6, 2011, at 9:57 AM, Rebecca Watson wrote: 
Thanks for getting back to me. I was asking because I found the quote shocking . . . the evidence against 
Epstein is overwhelming and he's even pled guilty to paying for sex with a minor. It's in no way scientific or 
rational to assume that because you never saw him with an underage girl he must actually be innocent. It is 
possible for a person to be kind and generous with his friends but still a criminal paying for sex with 
underage girls in his private life. 
I'm going to write about the topic on Skepchick, and I'll include any additional statement you'd like if you 
want to provide more context or if you've changed your mind. 
-R 
On Wed, Apr 6, 2011 at 12:50 PM, Lawrence Krauss wrote: 
yes it is.. Based on my direct experience with Jeffrey, which is all I can base my assessment on, he is a 
thoughtful, kind, considerate man who is generous to his friends, and all of the women I have known who 
have been associated with Jeffrey speak glowingly in the same words.. 
why are you asking? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031070 
On Apr 6, 2011, at 9:41 AM, Rebecca Watson wrote: 
Dear Professor Krauss, 
We met briefly after your talk in Ithaca a few months ago — I'm the girl on The Skeptics' Guide to the 
Universe podcast. I've really enjoyed your talks and books, but I was surprised to see you quoted in the 
Daily Beast recently defending Jeffrey Epstein: 
http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2011-04-01/bill-clinton-katie-couric-woody-allen-jeffrey-
epsteins-society-friends-close-ranks/2/  
Can you confirm if the following quote is accurate? 
""If anything, the unfortunate period he suffered has caused him to really think about what he wants to do 
with his money and his time, and support knowledge,"" says Krauss. ""Jeffrey has surrounded himself with 
beautiful women and young women but they're not as young as the ones that were claimed. As a scientist I 
always judge things on empirical evidence and he always has women ages 19 to 23 around him, but I've 
never seen anything else, so as a scientist, my presumption is that whatever the problems were I would 
believe him over other people."" Though colleagues have criticized him over his relationship with Epstein, 
Krauss insists, ""I don't feel tarnished in any way by my relationship with Jeffrey; I feel raised by it."" 
Thanks, 
Rebecca Watson 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Foundation Professor 
Director, The ASU Origins Project 
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative 
Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center 
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
School of Earth and Space Exploration 
PO Box 871404 I Tempe AZ 85287-1404 
1 http://krauss.faculty.asu.edu  
Exec. Asst________________Origins As 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Foundation Professor 
Director, The ASU Origins Project 
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative 
Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center 
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031071 
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
School of Earth and Space Exploration 
PO Box 871404 I Tempe AZ 85287-1404 
0 
http://krauss.faculty.asu.edu  
Exec. Asst 
Origins Asst 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Foundation Professor 
Director, The ASU Origins Project 
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative 
Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center 
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
School of Earth and Space Exploration 
PO Box 871404 I Tempe AZ 85287-1404 
htt ://krauss.facult .asu.edu 
Exec. Asst 
Origins Asst 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Foundation Professor 
Director, The ASU Origins Project 
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative 
Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center 
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
School of Earth and Space Exploration 
PO Box 871404 I Tempe AZ 85287-1404 
htt ://krauss.facult .asu.edu 
Exec. Asst 
Origins Asst 
--
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031072 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
--
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Foundation Professor 
Director, The ASU Origins Project 
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative 
Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center 
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
School of Earth and Space Exploration 
PO Box 871404 I Tempe AZ 85287-1404 
http://krauss.faculty.asu.edu  
Exec. Asst 
Origins Asst 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031073 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011936.txt,"http://www. huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/03jeftrey-epstein_n_5439407.html

MIAMI (AP) — Nearly a decade ago, a wealthy financial guru came under FBI investigation,
suspected of sexually abusing dozens of underage girls at his Palm Beach mansion. Then,
abruptly. the investigation was dropped and Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty to a single state
charge of soliciting prostitution. He served just over a year in jail.

Now, two women who say they were among his victims have won a precedent-setting appeals
court ruling entitling them to see all the documents from the plea bargain discussions between
Epstein's high-powered lawyers and federal prosecutors.

Their goal: use those files to undo the agreement, reopen the investigation and subject Epstein to
more charges.

The women's lawyers contend Epstein got special treatment because of his wealth and
connections. His attorneys deny that.

Epstein, 61. made hundreds of millions of dollars managing funds for rich clients, Shortly after
his 2008 guilty plea. it came to light that his lawyers had secretly reached a non-prosecution
agreement months earlier with the U.S. Justice Department that spared him a potentially heavier
punishment.

“Our complaint alleges that. prodded by Epstein. the federal prosecutors deliberately concealed
the sweetheart plea deal they made with him to avoid public criticism.” said Paul Cassell. a
University of Utah law professor who is representing the two women.

The U.S. attorney's office in Miami would not comment. But the U.S. attorney at the time. R.
Alexander Acosta, said in a 2011 letter defending his office that more evidence came to light
after Epstein made his deal.

""Many victims have spoken out. filing detailed statements in civil cases seeking damages.
Physical evidence has been discovered,"" Acosta wrote. ""Had these additional statements and
evidence been known, the outcome may have been different.”

Epstein has settled lawsuits for undisclosed amounts with many of the women who say they were
underage when they were paid for sex.

The case represents the first time a federal appeals court has ruled that the Crime Victims’ Rights
Act of 2004 guarantees victims the right to be informed about the details of how a plea bargain

was reached, according to legal experts and lawyers involved in the case. The law marked the
culmination of efforts begun in the 1960s to give crime victims more of a say,

25

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011936
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026515.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/23/2019 1:11:24 AM 
To: Michael Wolff 
Subject: Re: 
Great 
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:56 PM Michael Wolff <________________ 
Lunch tomorrow? Or after? I have 4:00 appt. anytime before works. 
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:53 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Free afternoon 
> wrote: 
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:24 PM Michael Wolff <1=1=1111...111M1> wrote: 
Where are you tomorrow? 
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:23 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Why had no one interviewed some of trump classmates at wharton ? Deutsh bank papers very bery bad 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026515 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026516 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013341.txt,"all substantive questions regarding her role in arranging for minor girls to come to Epstein’s
mansion to be sexually abused. Reinhart had previously been an Assistant United States
sis in the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Florida when Epstein was
being investigated criminally by Reinhart’s office. Reinhart left the United States Attorney’s
Office and was immediately hired by Epstein to represent Epstein’s pilots and certain co-
conspirators during the civil cases against Epstein. See Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit “N” at 411.

59. Edwards also had other lines of legitimate discovery blocked through the efforts
of iat and others. For example, Edwards learned through deposition that Ghislaine Maxwell
was involved in managing Epstein’s affairs and companies. See deposition of Epstein's house
manager Janusz Banziak, February 16, 2010 at page 14, lines 20-23 (Deposition Attachment
#16) See deposition of Epstein's housekeeper Louella Rabuyo, October 20, 2009, page 9, lines
17.25 (Deposition Attachment #17); See deposition of Epstein's pilot Larry Eugene Morrison,
October 6, 2009, page 102-103 (Deposition Attachment #18); See deposition of Alfredo
Rodriguez, August 7, 2009, page 302-306 and 348 (Deposition Attachment #8); See also Prince
Andrew's Friend, Ghislaine Maxwell, Some Underage Girls and A Very Disturbing Story,
September Pe 2007 Ss Wendy Leigh, link at
http://www redicecreations. com/article php?id=18950HANNA SJOBERG. Exhibit “AA”.

60. Alfredo Rodriguez testified that Maxwell took photos of girls without the girls'
incwiledse, kept the images on her computer, knew the names of the underage girls and their
respective phone numbers and other underage victims were molested by Epstein and Maxwell

together. See Deposition of Rodriguez, Deposition attachment # 8 at 64, 169-170 and 236.

23

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013341
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022122.txt,"‘ATTERSON

oligarchs, corrupt presidents of
Awammar Gadhafi, among other
h were explored in a Vanity Fair
ITH ANDREW.

eing loyal to his friends,” a “royal
vard Klein. “Take his feelings for
rince and you bring a woman into
- reasons, she’s spit out, you might
ter. The duke feels that she’s been
yse relationship with the Duchess
»re have been many problems over
hich stem from the duchess. Some
;s is inconsistent with being mar-
juke. There’s no question but that
destructive element in the-duke’s

y manifested itself last December, |
n at his home in New York,” said a |
n Palace. “Epstein was a friend of ©
f 20 years. It was the first time im j
stein. He now recognizes that the |

wise.”

oto of the two of them together,” j

| say.
t the prince’s dealings with Je

ein’s town house, the prince di :

nephew Prince William [0
BY

; dinner companions were 50 1

224

Fittuy Ricw

ested in every detail,” a guest in attendance told a New York Post
gossip columnist. “What would Kate wear, what would the
Queen wear, would his ex-wife Sarah Ferguson be invited?”

Other guests in attendance that night included Chelsea Han-
dler, George Stephanopoulos, Charlie Rose, Katie Couric, and
Woody Allen.

At around the same time, Jeffrey Epstein told the New York
Post, “I’m not a sexual predator, I’m an ‘offender’ It’s the differ-
ence between a murderer and a person who steals a bagel.”

Was it so remarkable that Prince Andrew would have been seen
in Epstein’s company? Andrew’s philandering had been tabloid

_ fodder for years. Randy Andy, they called him in the UK. And in

the circles that Jeffrey Epstein moved in, philandering wasn’t
seen as a vice. Epstein came of age just as industrywide deregu-
lation took hold on Wall Street. Junk bonds were king. Call girls

| were charging ten thousand dollars a night. And in the shadows,
7 you'd see things that would have made Caligula blush. Sights
"" that would make Nero himself reach for the nearest fire extin-
q guisher. When the urge presented itself, the new super rich
""didn’t have to swap wives.

They could simply swap harems.
By the same token, was it so very strange to think that a man
ike the prince would have grown so detached from reality —

‘insofar as reality is even a word that applies to a prince? Was it
Odd that he thought it was absolutely fine to be seen by photog-

Maphers strolling through Central Park with a registered sex
Stender — when at the time large swaths of the financial, bank-
mg, and trading industries were characterized by their very

225

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022122
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027779.txt,"Is Invitation: No

Tr

IEF 5-4BA4-96DF-14D6F4E7285E

GUID: FDEEA9DA

Message: Im more concerned that it may be like the probability of you in bed again
with peril.

Time: 06/15/19 07:21:46 AM (582301306)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: 483E68C9-192F-4ACE-9A21-9571C845544B

Message: Uh oh. Lhopital s rule

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/15/19 07:33:00 AM (582301980)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AlLIES8FA-FC89-4549-AC92-6F9104243756

Message: Not exactly getting within the limit is NOT the same as IN

Time: 06/15/19 07:34:41 AM (582302081)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: BF86BF7/2-356F-4488-86FA-10A007F4D403

Message: Just called

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/15/19 07:47:07 AM (582302827)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 72118E11-CDA2-41B5-88CB-4B89300C7C60

Message: Try now

sender:

Time: 06/15/19 08:26:49 AM (582305209)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B93ED8FC-2C3C-42A4-9460-2E7A6B5AD836

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027779
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022773.txt,"From: 
Sent: Thursday, January 21, 2016 12:19 AM 
To: jeffrey E. 
Subject: Help! 
Importance: High 
Happy birthday, I remember the few I had spent with you, good memories! 
The problem is that you may appreciate my support but that doesn't help me. Yes, I told you I can't have people 
coming here to ask about you and ex pals.... My landlord may shoot them. He is pissed. I need your help. Out 
of all the people you should be helping is someone who actually genuinely cared about you.i realize you're 
living the good life and I'm not your concern, but if you really appreciated my support then you'd help me 
otherwise I don't know what I'll do. 
On Wednesday, January 20, 2016, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
i appreciate your support is what i meant. has anyting happened recently? it is my birthday today 
On Tue, Jan 19, 2016 at 10:46 PM, wrote: 
Appreciate what? I'm not sure you do. Be back for what? Where? I don't need to be photographed. I am trying 
to avoid that, hence the reason why I moved out here. I don't need people coming here looking for me to give 
them information about you or the ""people"" I was documented with... It's not my property. I don't think you 
get it. 
On Tuesday, January 19, 2016, jeffrey E. leevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
i appreciate it. I should be back feb 14, 
On Tue, Jan 19, 2016 at 6:39 PM, 
Because you were not available to meet me in person last year and at this point I don't need to be seen. I can not have press, 
media, private investigators, film companies, etc. contacting me or my parents and sisters at home or on cell/texts and or by 
mail. I realize you don't have much control over this, but you can at least help me to move. I can't just get up and go like you. I 
left the city to escape, make a better life and I am devastated these people found me and brought to light an association of that I 
would rather them never to know. People think I was involved with something really bad and I lost a boyfriend of great potential 
over this shit. I am still in debt over all these years, been working my ass off trying to get ahead, which you could never 
understand I was even surviving off the pay I was getting. Well, its not any better. I dropped out of college because of you (and 
GM's) advice. Started working for a company you wanted me to and basically my life has has become hell since then. 
I have been your supporter for 16 years, the media explosion with Clinton, Trump and Cosby is affecting me. I'm not prepared for 
this. 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended ormil for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
1 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022773 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail tol, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of CLL 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
2 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022774 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of CLL 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to____________________________ and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
3 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022775 
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024639.txt,"ACKRELL
CAPITAL CHAPTER! Executive Summary

The U.S. State-Legal Cannabis Market

The legal landscape for the cannabis industry in the United States continues to be character-
ized by conflict between federal prohibition and the steady advance of state legalization. Accord-
ing to federal policy, Americans can access tobacco, alcohol and prescription drug products that
kill thousands each year, but they cannot access cannabis because it is a dangerous drug with no
currently accepted medical application in the United States (notwithstanding the federal gov-
ernment holds a U.S. patent for methods of treating diseases with cannabinoids). Meanwhile,
46 U.S. states have enacted at least one law that permits the manufacturing, distribution, dispensing or
possession of cannabis or concentrates. These laws fall into three general categories:

¢ 29 U.S. states (and the District of Columbia) have enacted medical cannabis laws that permit
the production and possession of cannabis or concentrates for use in treating a broad range of
qualifying medical conditions,

¢ 19 U.S. states have enacted narrow CBD/limited laws that permit possession of small amounts
of low-THC/high-CBD cannabis concentrates for use in treating a few serious medical condi-
tions—in particular, severe forms of childhood epilepsy.

* 8 USS. states have enacted recreational laws that permit the commercial production and sale of
cannabis to adults for recreational and other uses.

The following map of the United States shows states with medical cannabis laws, CBD/limited laws
or recreational laws (a state with more than one of these laws is represented on the map by its most
permissive law).

U.S. State Cannabis Laws (January 2018)

GE Recreational Law
ME Medical Cannabis Law
[PN] CBDiLimited Law

© 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024639
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030967.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 12/22/2018 2:17:57 PM
To: Steve Bannon [nas
Subject: Re: Trump has discussed firing Fed chief after latest interest rate hike: report | TheHill

powells statment at his press conference were inane. . suffers from , this is what was done in the past.
!!! BEFORE the internet. . the numbers they look at are not reflective of todays economy, . AT ALL.

On Sat, Dec 22, 2018 at 8:21 AM Steve Bannon {i wrote:

https://thehill.com/policy/finance/422577-trump-considering-firing-federal-reserve-chief-after-latest-interest-

rate-hike

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030967
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024302.txt,"﻿CARVANA CO.
FORM DEF 14A
(Proxy Statement (definitive))
Filed 03/14/19 for the Period Ending 04/23/19
Address 1930 W. RIO SALADO PARKWAY
TEMPE, AZ, 85281
Telephone (480) 719-8809
CIK 0001690820
Symbol CVNA
SIC Code 5500 - Retail-Auto Dealers and Gasoline Stations
Industry Auto Vehicles, Parts & Service Retailers
Sector Consumer Cyclicals
Fiscal Year 12/31
http://www.edgar-online.com
© Copyright 2019, EDGAR Online, a division of Donnelley Financial Solutions. All Rights Reserved.
Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, a division of Donnelley Financial Solutions, Terms of Use.
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Filed by the Registrant ☒
Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐
Check the appropriate box:
☐ Preliminary Proxy Statement
☐ Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
☒ Definitive Proxy Statement
☐ Definitive Additional Materials
☐ Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12
CARVANA CO.
(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
☒ No fee required.
☐ Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.
(1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:
(2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:
(3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (Set forth the amount on which the filing
fee is calculated and state how it is determined):
(4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
(5) Total fee paid:
☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
☐
Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid
previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the form or schedule and the date of its filing.
(1) Amount Previously Paid:
(2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:
(3) Filing Party:
(4) Date Filed:
Table of Contents
Dear Fellow Stockholders,
We are pleased to invite you to attend the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Carvana Co.
Date : Tuesday, April 23, 2019
Time : 8 AM (PDT)
Address : 3419 East University Drive
Phoenix, AZ 85034
You can access our proxy materials online at www.proxydocs.com/CVNA. We will mail a notice containing instructions on how to access this proxy
statement and our annual report on or about Thursday, March 14, 2019, to all stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting. Stockholders who prefer a
paper copy of the proxy materials may request one on or before April 12, 2019, by following the instructions provided in the notice we will send.
Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the annual meeting, we urge you to vote. You may vote by proxy over the internet, by
telephone, or by mail by following the instructions on the proxy card. Voting by proxy will ensure your representation at the annual meeting regardless of
whether you attend.
Sincerely,
Ernest Garcia III
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Table of Contents
NOTICE OF 2019 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
The 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of CARVANA CO. (“Carvana”) will be held at 3419 East University Drive, Phoenix, AZ 85034, on
Tuesday, April 23, 2019, at 8:00 AM (PDT) for the following purposes:
1. to elect two nominees identified in the accompanying proxy statement to serve as directors, as recommended by the Compensation and
Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors of Carvana;
2. to ratify the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as Carvana’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31,
2019;
3. to consider the approval, by an advisory vote, of Carvana’s executive compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay” proposal);
4. to recommend, by an advisory vote, the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay frequency”); and
5. to transact other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment of the meeting.
Our board of directors has set February 25, 2019, as our record date for this year’s meeting. Only stockholders that owned Carvana Co.’s
Class A common stock or Class B common stock at the close of business on that day are entitled to notice of our annual meeting and may vote at it or any
adjournment of the meeting. A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting will be available for examination by any stockholder for any purpose
relevant to the meeting during ordinary business hours for at least ten days prior to April 23, 2019, at 1930 W. Rio Salado Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85281.
By Order of the Board of Directors
Paul Breaux
General Counsel and Secretary
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Commonly Asked Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting 1
Board of Directors and Corporate Governance 5
ITEM 1—ELECTION OF DIRECTORS 8
Director Nominees 8
Continuing Directors 9
Independence Status 10
Controlled Company Status 10
Board Meetings and Committees 11
Board Leadership Structure 13
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance. 14
Risk Oversight 14
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation 15
Communications by Stockholders and Other Interested Parties with the Board of Directors 15
Director Compensation 15
Executive Officers 17
Compensation Discussion and Analysis 19
Executive Summary 19
Compensation Objectives and Principles 22
Compensation Setting Process 23
Competitiveness of Our Compensation Program 24
Compensation Components 24
Compensation-Related Policies 31
Compensation and Risk 31
Tax and Accounting Implications 32
Compensation and Nominating Committee Report 33
Compensation Tables 34
Summary Compensation Table 34
Grants of Plan-Based Awards 36
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2018 Fiscal Year End 37
Option Exercises and Stock Vested 38
Potential Payments upon a Change of Control 38
CEO Pay Ratio 39
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions 39
Table of Contents
Policies for Approval of Related Party Transactions 39
Amended and Restated Operating Agreement 39
Exchange Agreement 40
Registration Rights Agreement 40
Tax Receivable Agreement 41
Indemnification of Officers and Directors 41
Contribution Agreements 42
Relationship with DriveTime 42
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 49
ITEM 2 – RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 54
Fees and Services 54
Audit Committee Report 56
ITEM 3 – SAY ON PAY 57
ITEM 4 – SAY ON PAY FREQUENCY 57
Other Matters 58
Incorporation by Reference 58
Availability of SEC Filings, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters 58
Where to Find Additional Information 58
Cost of Proxy Solicitation 59
Annex 60
100k Milestone gift 60
Non-GAAP Financial Measures 60
Table of Contents
Q: Why did I receive these materials?
COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING
The Board of Directors of Carvana Co. is soliciting your proxy to vote at our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or at any postponement or
adjournment of the meeting). Stockholders who own shares of our common stock (Class A or Class B) as of the record date, February 25, 2019, are entitled
to vote at the annual meeting. You should review these proxy materials carefully as they give important information about the items that will be voted on at
the annual meeting, as well as other important information about Carvana.
Q: Who will be entitled to vote?
Stockholders who own shares of our common stock as of the record date, February 25, 2019, are entitled to vote at the annual meeting. As of
the record date, Carvana had approximately 41,201,324 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and 104,336,303 shares of Class B common stock
outstanding. Holders of shares of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share of Class A common stock. Ernest Garcia II, Ernest Garcia III, and
entities controlled by one or both of them (collectively, the “Garcia Parties”) are entitled to ten votes per share of Class B common stock they beneficially
own, for so long as the Garcia Parties maintain, in the aggregate, direct or indirect beneficial ownership of at least 25% of the outstanding shares of Class A
common stock, determined on an as-exchanged basis assuming that all of the Class A common units (“Class A Units”) and Class B common units (“Class B
Units,” and together with Class A Units, “LLC Units”) of Carvana Group, LLC (“Carvana Group”) were exchanged for Class A common stock. The Garcia
Parties are currently entitled to ten votes per share of Class B common stock they beneficially own. All other holders of Class B common stock are entitled
to one vote per share. All holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class except as otherwise required by
applicable law. Cumulative voting is not permitted with respect to the election of directors or any other matter to be considered at the annual meeting.
Q: What will I be voting on?
You will be voting on the following matters:
1. to elect two Class II directors to serve on Carvana’s board of directors until the 2022 Annual Meeting and until their successors are duly elected
and qualified;
2. to ratify the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as Carvana’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31,
2019;
3. to consider the approval, by an advisory vote, of Carvana’s executive compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay”);
- 1 -
Table of Contents
4. to recommend, by an advisory vote, the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay frequency”); and
5. to transact other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment of the meeting.
Q: How does the board recommend I vote on these matters?
The board of directors recommends you vote for the following:
1. FOR the election of Gregory Sullivan and Dan Quayle as Class II directors;
2. FOR the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending
December 31, 2019;
3. FOR the approval, by an advisory vote, of Carvana’s executive compensation; and
4. FOR an advisory vote that future advisory votes on executive compensation occur annually.
Q: How do I cast my vote?
BeneficialStockholders. If you hold your shares through a broker, trustee, or other nominee, you are a beneficial stockholder. To vote your
shares, please refer to the materials forwarded to you by your broker, bank, or other nominee for instructions on how to vote the shares you hold as a
beneficial stockholder.
RegisteredStockholders. If you hold shares in your own name, you are a registered stockholder and may vote by written ballot at the annual
meeting or by proxy before the annual meeting in the following ways:
1. online at www.proxypush.com/CVNA;
2. by phone by calling (866) 509-2149; or
3. by signing and returning a proxy card.
Proxies submitted online or by telephone must be received before 8:00 AM (PDT) on April 23, 2019.
Q: Can I access the proxy materials electronically?
Yes. Your notice, proxy card, or voting instruction card will contain instructions on how to view our proxy materials for the annual meeting
online and how to instruct us to send our future proxy materials to you electronically by email. Our proxy materials are also available at
www.proxypush.com/CVNA and will be available during the voting period starting on March 14, 2019.
Instead of receiving future copies of our proxy statement and annual reports by mail, stockholders of record and most beneficial owners can
elect to receive an email that will provide an electronic link to these documents. Your election to receive future proxy materials by email will remain in
effect until you revoke it.
Please note that only one notice will be sent to stockholders who are listed at the same address.
- 2 -
Table of Contents
Q: How may I change or revoke my proxy?
vote.
BeneficialStockholders. Beneficial stockholders should contact their broker, trustee, or nominee for instructions on how to change their proxy
RegisteredStockholders. Registered stockholders may change a properly executed proxy at any time before its exercise by
1. delivering written notice of revocation to the general counsel and secretary at our principal executive offices at 1930 W. Rio Salado Pkwy,
Tempe, AZ 85281;
2. submitting another proxy that is dated later than the original proxy (including a proxy via telephone or internet); or
3. voting in person at the annual meeting.
Q: Who can attend the annual meeting?
Subject to space availability, all common stockholders as of the record date, or their duly appointed proxies, may attend the annual meeting.
Since seating is limited, admission to the annual meeting will be on a first-come, first-served basis. Registration will begin at 7:30 AM (PDT). If you attend,
please note that you may be asked to present valid photo identification, such as a driver’s license or passport.
Please also note that if you are a beneficial stockholder (that is, you hold your shares through a broker, bank or other nominee), you will need to
bring a copy of a brokerage statement reflecting your stock ownership as of the record date and check in at the registration desk at the annual meeting.
Cameras, recording devices and other electronic devices will not be permitted at the annual meeting.
Q: What is the voting requirement to approve each of the items, and how are the votes counted?
ITEM1–ELECTIONOFDIRECTORS. A plurality of the votes cast by the shares of common stock present in person or represented by proxy
at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon is required to elect each nominee. This means that the two nominees receiving the highest number of votes at the
annual meeting will be elected, even if those votes do not constitute a majority of the votes cast. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not impact the
election of the nominees.
ALLOTHERITEMS. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the shares of common stock present in person or represented by
proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon is required to approve all other items. Abstentions will be counted as present and entitled to vote on the
proposal and will therefore have the effect of a negative vote. We do not expect there to be any broker non-votes with respect to any of the proposals.
- 3 -
Table of Contents
Q: When will the results of the vote be announced?
The preliminary voting results will be announced at the annual meeting. The final voting results will be published in a current report on Form
8-K filed with the SEC within four business days of the annual meeting.
Q: What is the deadline for submitting a stockholder proposal or director nomination for the 2020 Annual Meeting?
Stockholder proposals pursuant to SEC Rule 14a-8 for inclusion in Carvana’s proxy statement and form of proxy for Carvana’s 2020 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders must be received by Carvana at our principal executive offices at 1930 W. Rio Salado Pkwy, Tempe, AZ, 85281, no later than the
close of business on November 15, 2019. Stockholders wishing to make a director nomination or bring a proposal, but not include it in Carvana’s proxy
materials, must provide written notice of their nomination or proposal to the general counsel and secretary at Carvana’s principal executive offices no later
than the close of business on January 24, 2020, and not earlier than the close of business on December 25, 2019, assuming Carvana does not change the date
of the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders by more than 30 days before or after the anniversary of the 2019 Annual Meeting. If so, Carvana will release
an updated time frame for stockholder proposals. Any stockholder proposal or director nomination must comply with the other provisions of Carvana’s
amended and restated bylaws and be submitted in writing to the general counsel and secretary at Carvana’s principal executive offices.
- 4 -
Table of Contents
BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our Board, which is composed of five directors. Our certificate of incorporation
provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of our Board. Our certificate also provides that our Board will be
divided into three classes of directors, with the classes as nearly equal in number as possible. At each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors
will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the class whose term is then expiring.
directors:
The following table sets forth the director class, name, age as of April 23, 2019, and other information for each member of our board of
CURRENT
TERM
EXPIRES
EXPIRATION
OF TERM
FOR WHICH
NOMINATED
NAME CLASS AGE POSITION
DIRECTOR
SINCE
Gregory Sullivan II 60 Director 2017 2019 2022
Dan Quayle II 72 Director 2017 2019 2022
Michael Maroone III 65 Lead Director 2017 2020
Ernest Garcia III I 36 President, CEO and Chairman 2017 2021
Ira Platt I 55 Director 2017 2021
We believe that in order for our Board to effectively guide us to long-term sustainable, dependable performance, it should be composed of
individuals with sophistication and experience in the many disciplines that impact our business. To best serve our stockholders, we seek to have a board
that, as a whole, is competent in key corporate disciplines, including accounting and financial acumen, business judgment, crisis management, governance,
leadership, people management, risk management, social responsibility and reputational issues, and strategy and strategic planning. Additionally, the Board
desires to have specific knowledge related to our industry, such as expertise in automotive retail and consumer finance.
The Compensation and Nominating Committee believes that all directors must, at a minimum, meet the criteria set forth in the Board’s code of
conduct and the corporate governance guidelines, which specify, among other things, that the Compensation and Nominating Committee will consider
criteria such as independence, diversity, age, skills, and experience in the context of the needs of the Board. In addressing issues of diversity in particular,
the Compensation and Nominating Committee considers a nominee’s differences in viewpoint, professional experience, background, education, skill, age,
race, gender, and national origin. The Compensation and Nominating Committee believes that diversity of backgrounds and viewpoints is a key attribute for
a director nominee. Accordingly, to improve director diversity and best serve our stockholders, the Compensation and Nominating Committee adopted a
policy in 2019 to request that any search firm that it engages include women and minority candidates in the initial list from which the committee selects
director candidates. The Compensation and Nominating Committee also will consider a combination of factors for each director, including whether the
nominee possesses:
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• the ability to represent all stockholders without a conflict of interest;
• the ability to work in and promote a productive environment;
• sufficient time and willingness to fulfill the substantial duties and responsibilities of a director;
• the high level of character and integrity that we expect;
• broad professional and leadership experience and skills necessary to effectively respond to the complex issues encountered by a national,
publicly traded company; and
• the ability to apply sound and independent business judgment.
The Compensation and Nominating Committee has determined that all of our directors meet the criteria and qualifications set forth in the code
of conduct for the Board of Directors, the corporate governance guidelines and the criteria set forth above for director nominees. Moreover, each director
possesses the following critical personal qualities and attributes that we believe are essential for the proper functioning of the Board to allow it to fulfill its
duties for our stockholders: accountability, ethical leadership, governance, integrity, risk management, and sound business judgment. In addition, our
directors have the mature confidence to assess and challenge the way things are done and recommend alternative solutions, a keen awareness of our
business and the social realities of the environment in which we operate, the independence and high-performance standards necessary to fulfill the Board’s
oversight function, and the humility, professional maturity, and style to interface openly and constructively with other directors. Finally, the director
biographies below include a non-exclusive list of other key experiences and qualifications that further qualify the individual to serve on the Board. These
collective qualities, skills, experiences, and attributes are essential to our Board’s ability to exercise its oversight function for Carvana and its stockholders
and to guide the long-term sustainable, dependable performance of our business.
Subject to any earlier resignation or removal in accordance with the terms of our certificate and bylaws, our Class II directors will serve until
this our second annual meeting of stockholders, our Class III directors will serve until the third annual meeting of stockholders, and our Class I directors
will serve until our fourth annual meeting of stockholders. In addition, our certificate provides that our directors may be removed with or without cause by
the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the voting power of our outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, for
so long as the Garcia Parties are entitled to ten votes for each share of Class B common stock they hold. If the Garcia Parties are no longer entitled to ten
votes for each share of Class B common stock they hold, then our directors may be removed only for cause upon the affirmative vote of at least 66 2 ⁄ 3 % of
the voting power of our outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote thereon.
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The Compensation and Nominating Committee will consider stockholder nominations for membership on the Board. For the 2020 Annual
Meeting, nominations may be submitted to Carvana Co., 1930 W. Rio Salado Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85281, Attn: Secretary, who will forward them to the
Chairman of the Compensation and Nominating Committee. Recommendations must be in writing and we must receive the recommendation no later than
the close of business on January 24, 2020, and not earlier than the close of business on December 25, 2019. Recommendations must also include certain
other requirements specified in our bylaws. The committee will apply the same criteria to the evaluation of those candidates as it applies to other director
candidates.
When filling a vacancy on the Board, the Compensation and Nominating Committee identifies the desired skills and experience of a new
director and nominates individuals who it believes can strengthen the Board’s capabilities and further diversify the collective experience represented by the
then-current directors. The Compensation and Nominating Committee may engage third parties to assist in the search and provide recommendations.
Pursuant to a previously informal policy formally adopted in 2019, any search firm that the committee engages is requested to include women and minority
candidates in the initial list from which the committee selects director candidates. Also, directors are generally asked to recommend candidates for the
position. The candidates would be evaluated based on the process outlined in the Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Compensation and Nominating
Committee charter, and the same process would be used for all candidates, including candidates recommended by stockholders.
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ITEM 1—ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Our Board recommends that the nominees below be elected as members of the Board at the annual meeting to serve for a three-year term
expiring at the 2022 Annual Meeting.
NAME AGE
DIRECTOR
SINCE POSITION
Gregory Sullivan 60 2017 Director
Dan Quayle 72 2017 Director
Each nominee was recommended for re-election by the Compensation and Nominating Committee for consideration by the Board and proposal
to our stockholders. If, before the annual meeting, any nominee becomes unable to serve, or chooses not to serve, the Board may (i) nominate a substitute
(ii) allow the vacancy to remain until the Board identifies an appropriate candidate or (iii) reduce the size of the board to eliminate the vacancy. If the Board
chooses to nominate a substitute nominee, the persons named as proxies on the proxy card will vote for that substitute nominee.
The Board of Directors recommends that you vote “FOR” each of the director nominees.
DIRECTOR NOMINEES
Dan Quayle has served on our Board since the completion of our initial public offering (“IPO”) in 2017. Mr. Quayle has served the United
States Federal Government in various capacities: congressman, senator, and as the 44th vice president of the United States of America from 1989 to 1993.
Since 1999, Mr. Quayle has been with Cerberus Capital, a New York private investment firm. He has served as chairman of Cerberus Global Investments
since 2001. Mr. Quayle earned a B.A. degree in political science from DePauw University and a J.D. from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney
School of Law. We believe Mr. Quayle is qualified to continue to serve on our Board because of his experience as the chairman of Cerberus Global
Investments, LLC, as well as his extensive experience in the areas of government, foreign relations, and private investment.
Gregory Sullivan has served on our Board since the completion of our IPO. Mr. Sullivan is the co-founder and chief executive officer of
AFAR Media, a travel media company he co-founded in 2007. From 1995 to 2007, Mr. Sullivan served the DriveTime Automotive Group, Inc.
(“DriveTime”) in various capacities, including as president from 1995 to 2004, chief executive officer from 1999 to 2004, and vice chairman from 2004 to
2007. Mr. Sullivan earned a B.B.A. degree in finance from the University of Notre Dame and a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. We
believe that Mr. Sullivan is qualified to continue to serve on our Board because of his senior management experience in the automotive and media
industries.
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CONTINUING DIRECTORS
Ernest Garcia III co-founded Carvana and has served as our president and chief executive officer since our inception in 2012. Mr. Garcia is
also Chairman of the Carvana Co. Board. Prior to founding Carvana, Mr. Garcia held various roles at DriveTime from January 2007 to January 2013. From
January 2007 to December 2008, he served as a financial strategist. He was a managing director of corporate finance from December 2008 to November
2009. From November 2009 until January 2013, he served as a vice president and treasurer and director of quantitative analytics. As director of quantitative
analytics, Mr. Garcia was responsible for the firm’s ongoing development of consumer credit scoring models, and its utilization of those tools in retailvehicle-sales
deal structuring and vehicle-price optimization. Prior to DriveTime, Mr. Garcia was an associate in the Principal Transactions Group at RBS
Greenwich Capital from 2005 to 2006, where he focused on consumer-credit-based investments. Mr. Garcia holds a B.S. in management science and
engineering from Stanford University. We believe that Mr. Garcia is qualified to continue to serve on our Board because of his extensive knowledge of our
business and strategy, as well as his experience in the automotive retail industry and leadership role with us.
Ira Platt has served on our Board since the completion of our IPO in 2017. Mr. Platt has been the president of Georgiana Ventures, LLC, a
firm that provides equity and debt capital to specialty finance companies, acquires portfolios of consumer finance receivables and offers consulting services
to the specialty finance industry, since its inception in 2009. From May 2009 to December 2013, Mr. Platt served as the president of 221 Capital Partners,
LLC, a firm that provides advisory services. From 2009 to 2011, Mr. Platt was the portfolio manager for the Rosemont TALF Opportunity Fund, a
partnership investing in asset-backed securities. In addition, Mr. Platt was a managing director and head of the Principal & Distressed Capital Business for
RBS Greenwich Capital, the domestic fixed-income banking unit of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Platt was an executive vice
president of the Aegis Consumer Funding Group, a publicly traded non-prime automotive finance company, from 1991 to 1997. Mr. Platt earned a B.A.
degree in 1985 from Emory University and an M.B.A. from The Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. Mr. Platt served on DriveTime’s board of
directors from February 2014 until April 2017. We believe that Mr. Platt will continue to be a valuable member of our Board because of his service on
DriveTime’s board and his extensive experience in consumer finance and the automotive retail industry.
Michael Maroone has served on our Board since the completion of our IPO. Mr. Maroone is currently the CEO of Maroone U.S.A. LLC. From
July 2005 to April 2015, Mr. Maroone served on the board of AutoNation, Inc., an automotive retailer and provider of new and used vehicles and related
services. From August 1999 until his retirement in February 2015, Mr. Maroone also served as president and chief operating officer of AutoNation, Inc.
Prior to joining AutoNation, Inc., Mr. Maroone was president and chief executive officer of the Maroone Automotive Group, a privately held automotive
retail group, from 1977 to 1997. Mr. Maroone currently serves on three other boards: as a member of the board of Cox Automotive, Inc., a privately held
combination of global automotive wholesale and services businesses including automotive auctions, financial services, media, and software; as chairman of
the
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board of Cleveland Clinic Florida, a non-profit, multispecialty academic hospital; and as a member of the board of the Cleveland Clinic. Mr. Maroone
previously served on the Cleveland Clinic Board of Trustees and was co-chairman of the Florida Leadership Board of the Cleveland Clinic. He holds a B.S.
degree in small business management from the University of Colorado Boulder. Mr. Maroone was selected to serve on our Board because of his advisory
experience and his extensive experience in the automotive retail industry
INDEPENDENCE STATUS
The listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit
committee, and compensation committee, and nominating committee be independent and that audit committee members also satisfy independence criteria
set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
Our Board has determined that each of our non-employee directors, including our director nominees Dan Quayle and Gregory Sullivan, meets
the requirements to be an independent director. In making this determination, our Board considered the relationships that each non-employee director has
with Carvana and all other facts and circumstances that our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including beneficial ownership of
our Class A common stock.
CONTROLLED COMPANY STATUS
For purposes of the corporate governance rules of the NYSE, we are a “controlled company.” Controlled companies under those rules are
companies of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group, or another company. The Garcia
Parties beneficially own more than 50% of the combined voting power of Carvana Co. Accordingly, we expect to be eligible for, but do not currently intend
to take advantage of, certain exemptions from the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. Specifically, as a “controlled company,” we would not
be required to have:
• a majority of independent directors,
• a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the
committee’s purpose and responsibilities,
• a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and
responsibilities, or
• an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and governance and compensation committees.
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In the event we choose to rely on some or all of these exemptions in the future, you would not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of
companies that are subject to all of the applicable corporate governance rules of the NYSE.
BOARD MEETINGS AND COMMITTEES
During the year ended December 31, 2018, our Board held five meetings, our Audit Committee held nine meetings, and our Compensation and
Nominating Committee held four meetings. Directors are expected to attend the annual meeting of stockholders and all or substantially all of the Board
meetings and meetings of committees on which they serve, and to spend the time needed and meet as frequently as necessary to properly discharge their
responsibilities. Each director attended last year’s annual meeting, 100% of the meetings of the Board during such director’s tenure, and 100% of the
meetings held by the committees of the Board on which the director served.
Our Board has an Audit Committee and a Compensation and Nominating Committee. The composition, duties and responsibilities of these
committees are as set forth below. In the future, our board may establish other committees, as it deems appropriate, to assist it with its responsibilities.
COMPENSATION
AND
BOARD MEMBER
AUDIT
COMMITTEE
NOMINATING
COMMITTEE
Ira Platt • •
Gregory Sullivan • •
Dan Quayle •
Michael Maroone •
AUDITCOMMITTEE
The Audit Committee is responsible for, among other matters,
• appointing, compensating, retaining, evaluating, terminating, and overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm;
• discussing with our independent registered public accounting firm their independence from management;
• reviewing with our independent registered public accounting firm the scope and results of their audit;
• approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm;
• overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm the interim
and annual financial statements that we file with the SEC;
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• reviewing and monitoring our accounting principles, accounting policies, financial and accounting controls, and compliance with legal and
regulatory requirements;
• establishing procedures for the confidential anonymous submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal controls, or auditing
matters;
• reviewing and approving related party transactions; and
• overseeing our enterprise risk management program.
Our Board has affirmatively determined that Mr. Platt, Mr. Maroone, and Mr. Sullivan meet the definition of “independent director” for
purposes of serving on an Audit Committee under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the NYSE rules. In addition, our Board has determined that
Mr. Platt qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K. The written charter for our Audit
Committee is available at our corporate website at investors.carvana.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents.
COMPENSATIONANDNOMINATINGCOMMITTEE
The Compensation and Nominating Committee is responsible for, among other matters,
• reviewing key employee compensation goals, policies, plans, and programs;
• reviewing and providing recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of our directors, chief executive officer, and other
executive officers;
• reviewing and approving employment agreements and other similar arrangements between us and our executive officers;
• administering stock plans and other incentive compensation plans;
• identifying individuals qualified to become members of our Board, consistent with criteria approved by our Board;
• overseeing the organization of our Board to discharge the Board’s duties and responsibilities properly and efficiently;
• identifying best practices and recommending corporate governance principles; and
• developing and recommending to our Board a set of corporate governance guidelines and principles applicable to us.
The Board has adopted a written charter for the Compensation and Nominating Committee, which is available on our corporate website at
investors.carvana.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents. Each member of our Compensation and Nominating Committee is an independent
director as defined by NYSE rules.
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BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
The following section describes our board leadership structure, the reasons why the structure is in place at this time, the roles of various
positions, and related key governance practices. The mix of experienced independent and management directors that make up our Board, along with the
independent role of our lead director and our independent board-committee composition, benefits Carvana and its stockholders.
INDEPENDENCE;BOARDMIX
Our Board has an effective mix of independent and management directors. It is composed of four independent directors and our current
chairman and chief executive officer, Ernest Garcia III.
LEADDIRECTOR
The Board believes that it is beneficial to Carvana and its stockholders to designate one of the directors as a lead director who is elected by a
majority of the Board. The lead director serves a variety of roles, including reviewing and approving Board schedules to confirm the appropriate board and
committee topics are reviewed and sufficient time is allocated to each; liaising between our chairman and chief executive officer and non-management
directors when necessary and appropriate (that said, each director has direct and regular access to the chairman and chief executive officer) and calling an
executive session of independent directors at any time consistent with the bylaws and certificate of incorporation. Michael Maroone, an independent
director and member of our Audit Committee, is currently our lead director. Mr. Maroone is an effective lead director for Carvana due to, among other
things, his independence, his board leadership experience with AutoNation, Inc., his strong strategic and financial acumen, his commitment to ethics, his
extensive knowledge of the automotive retail environment, and his deep understanding of Carvana and its business.
CHAIRMAN/CEO
With respect to the roles of chairman and CEO, the corporate governance guidelines provide that the roles may be separated or combined, and
the Board will exercise its discretion in combining or separating these positions as it deems appropriate in light of prevailing circumstances. Mr. Garcia has
been our chairman and CEO since our IPO. The Board believes that combining the roles of chairman and CEO, together with the separate, independent role
of our lead director, is currently the most effective leadership structure because Mr. Garcia has extensive knowledge and experience in a variety of relevant
areas acquired through his professional and other experiences, including automotive retail, e-commerce, consumer finance and strategic planning. This
knowledge and experience give Mr. Garcia the insight necessary to combine the responsibilities of strategic development and execution along with
management of day-to-day operations.
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SELF-EVALUATION
Our Compensation and Nominating Committee conducts an annual performance evaluation to determine whether the Board, its committees,
and the directors are functioning effectively. This includes survey materials as well as conversations between each director and the lead director. The
evaluation focuses on the Board’s and the committees’ contributions to Carvana and has an enhanced focus on areas in which the Board or management
believes that the Board could improve.
As part of the annual Board self-evaluation, the Board evaluates whether the current leadership structure continues to be appropriate for
Carvana and its stockholders. Our corporate governance guidelines provide the flexibility for our Board to modify our leadership structure in the future as
appropriate.
SECTION 16(A) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE.
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers and greater-than-ten-percent stockholders to file initial reports of
ownership and reports of changes in ownership of any of our securities with the SEC and us. We believe that during the 2018 fiscal year, all of our directors,
executive officers and greater-than-ten-percent stockholders complied with the requirements of Section 16(a).
RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board, as a whole and through the Audit Committee, oversees our risk management program, which is designed to identify, evaluate, and
respond to our high priority risks and opportunities. The risk management program facilitates constructive dialog at the senior management and board level
to proactively realize opportunities and manage risks. Our Audit Committee is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes on
behalf of the full board. Our management, including our executive officers, is primarily responsible for managing the risks associated with the operation and
business of our company and provides regular updates to the Audit Committee and annual updates to the full board on the risk management program and
reports on the identified high priority risks and opportunities.
CODEOFETHICSANDCONDUCT
We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers, and directors, including those officers
responsible for financial reporting. Our code of business conduct and ethics is available on our website at investors.carvana.com/corporategovernance/governance-documents.
We intend to disclose any amendments to the code or waivers of its requirements on our website.
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COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
No interlocking relationships exist between the members of our Board and the board or compensation committee of any other company.
COMMUNICATIONS BY STOCKHOLDERS AND OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES WITH THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Stockholders and other interested parties may contact an individual director, the lead director, the Board as a group, or a specified board
committee or group, including the non-management directors as a group, by sending regular mail to
Carvana Co.
1930 W. Rio Salado Pkwy
Tempe, AZ 85281
ATTN: Board of Directors
or by email at leaddirector@carvana.com.
Each communication should specify which director or directors the communication is addressed to, as well as the general topic of the
communication. Carvana will receive the communications and process them before forwarding them to the addressee. Carvana may also refer
communications to other departments within Carvana. Carvana generally will not forward to the directors a communication that is primarily commercial in
nature, relates to an improper or irrelevant topic, or requests general information regarding Carvana.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Prior to our IPO, none of our directors received compensation as a director from us. We have designed our non-employee director
compensation program to achieve the following objectives:
• align directors’ interests with the long-term interests of our shareholders;
• attract and retain outstanding director candidates with diverse backgrounds and experiences; and
• recognize the substantial time commitment required to serve as a Carvana director.
The Compensation and Nominating Committee reviews the Company’s director compensation program annually. Independent directors may
not receive, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fees from us. Members of the Board who are employees of Carvana do
not receive compensation for their service on the Board. The following table presents summary information regarding the total compensation awarded to,
earned by, and paid to our non-employee directors for the year ended December 31, 2018:
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FEES
EARNED
OR PAID
IN CASH
($)
OPTION
AWARDS
($)
ALL OTHER
COMPENSATION
($)
TOTAL
($)
NAME
Ira Platt 100,000 — — 100,000
Gregory Sullivan 95,000 — — 95,000
Dan Quayle 70,000 — — 70,000
Michael Maroone 90,000 — — 90,000
NON-EMPLOYEEDIRECTORCOMPENSATIONSTRUCTURE
As of March 7, 2019, we compensate our non-employee directors according to the following structure:
DESCRIPTION AMOUNT
Annual retainer $60,000
Board meeting fees
Additional retainer for committee members
Additional retainer for chair of committee
Additional retainer for lead director $20,000
$2,000 per each board meeting in excess of six board meetings in any calendar year that a non-employee
director attends in person
$10,000 per committee
$20,000 for Audit Committee;
$15,000 for Compensation and Nominating Committee
Additionally, upon the completion of our IPO, each current non-employee director received a one-time award of options to purchase an aggregate of
approximately 30,927 shares of our Class A common stock, vesting over three years, with an exercise price of $15. All non-employee directors are also
reimbursed for their reasonable expenses to attend meetings of our Board and related committees and otherwise attend to our business.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Below is a list of the names, ages, positions, and a brief account of the business experience of the individuals who serve as executive officers of
Carvana Co. as of April 23, 2019:
NAME AGE POSITION
Ernest Garcia III 36 President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Mark Jenkins 40 Chief Financial Officer
Benjamin Huston 36 Chief Operating Officer
Ryan Keeton 41 Chief Brand Officer
Daniel Gill 36 Chief Product Officer
Paul Breaux 35 Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Ernest Garcia III is the president and chief executive officer of Carvana and the chairman of our Board. His biography can be found above
under “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance – Continuing Directors.”
Mark Jenkins has served as our chief financial officer since July 2014. Prior to joining Carvana, Mr. Jenkins was a professor in the finance
department at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 2009 to 2014, where his teaching and research focused on consumer and
corporate credit markets. While at Wharton, Mr. Jenkins was responsible for teaching courses in the undergraduate, MBA, and executive education
programs on corporate restructuring, corporate credit, and leveraged finance. Prior to his time at Wharton, Mr. Jenkins worked at the Brattle Group from
2001 to 2004, an economic consulting firm, where he focused on corporate valuation and demand forecasting in technology markets. Mr. Jenkins received a
Ph.D. in economics from Stanford University and a B.S.E. from Duke University in mathematics and civil engineering.
Benjamin Huston co-founded Carvana and has served as our chief operating officer since our inception in 2012. In 2011, prior to joining
Carvana, Mr. Huston co-founded Looterang, a card-linking platform that enabled personalized deals to be automatically administered through consumer
credit or debit cards. Mr. Huston was chief executive officer of Looterang from 2011-2012. From 2008 to 2011, Mr. Huston served as an associate at
Latham and Watkins, a full-service global law firm, where he focused on regulatory affairs. Mr. Huston holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School and a B.A.
in American studies from Stanford University.
Ryan Keeton co-founded Carvana and has served as our chief brand officer since our inception in 2012. Prior to joining Carvana, Mr. Keeton
was a principal at the Montero Group, a strategic consultancy firm, from 2010 to 2012, where he advised global public and private companies on strategic
and business initiatives. From 2008 to 2010, Mr. Keeton served as director of strategic marketing for George P. Johnson, a global marketing agency.
Mr. Keeton holds a B.A. in English and American literature and language from Harvard University.
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Daniel Gill has served as our chief product officer since March 2015, overseeing all technology functions, as well as strategic partnerships for
the business. Prior to joining Carvana, Mr. Gill spent his career in both enterprise software and consumer internet businesses. He co-founded and served as
CEO of Huddler from 2007 until the company’s acquisition by Wikia in May of 2014. Mr. Gill holds a degree in biology from Stanford University.
Paul Breaux has served as our general counsel since August 2015. Prior to joining Carvana, Mr. Breaux practiced law at the Houston, Texas
office of the firm Andrews Kurth LLP (now Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP) from 2008 to 2015. While at Andrews Kurth, Mr. Breaux’s representative
experience encompassed a broad range of general business transactions matters. Mr. Breaux holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School, a B.A. in Plan II
Honors from The University of Texas at Austin, and a B.B.A. in finance from The University of Texas at Austin.
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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) describes our executive compensation objectives and design, our compensation-setting
process, our executive compensation program components, and the decisions made in 2018 with respect to our chief executive officer and our four other
most highly compensated executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2018, who have been designated as our “named executive officers” under Item
404 of Regulation S-K (“NEOs”):
NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER POSITION
Ernest Garcia III Chief Executive Officer
Mark Jenkins Chief Financial Officer
Benjamin Huston Chief Operating Officer
Ryan Keeton Chief Brand Officer
Daniel Gill Chief Product Officer
This CD&A may contain statements regarding future individual and company performance targets and goals. These targets and goals should
not be understood to be statements of management’s expectations or estimates of results or other guidance. We specifically caution investors not to apply
these statements to other contexts.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
COMPANYPERFORMANCEHIGHLIGHTS
2018 was a successful year for Carvana. We had another year of triple-digit growth in unit retails sold and revenue, while making significant
progress in our gross profit per unit and EBITDA margin. Our growth has few historical precedents and makes us one of the fastest-growing technology,
consumer, or retail companies at our scale.
The highlights of our 2018 performance include:
• 113% increase in retail units sold, from 44,252 to 94,108;
• 128% revenue growth, from $859 million to $1.96 billion;
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• 41 new markets, bringing our total from 44 to 85;
• 8 additional car vending machines, bringing our total from 7 to 15;
• a $551 increase in gross profit per unit (incl. gift) from $1,539 to $2,090, and a $594 increase in gross profit per unit ex-Gift, from $1,539 to
$2,133;
• an increase in net loss margin (incl. Gift) from (19.1%) to (13.0%);
• an increase in EBITDA margin ex-Gift, from (16.9%) to (9.9%); and
Notethatgrossprofitperunitex-giftandEBITDAmarginex-giftarenon-GAAPmeasures.Adescriptionofthesemeasuresandareconciliationofthese
measurestothenearestcomparableGAAPmeasurecanbefoundintheannexofthisproxystatement.
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• a one-year total shareholder return of 71.1%, significantly outperforming our peer group companies (see “Competitiveness of our
Compensation Program” below) as an index as well as the S&P 500 and S&P 500 Retailing Indices.
KEYCOMPENSATIONDESIGNANDDECISIONSTOLINKPAYANDPERFORMANCE
Underlying our executive compensation program is a strong belief in promoting a pay-for-performance culture. We accomplish this by linking
a significant portion of the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, to our performance. In addition, the
Compensation and Nomination Committee seeks to set challenging threshold and target performance levels that reflect our rapid growth trajectory and
business plans rather than goals based on prior years’ achievements. For each of the metrics used in our performance-based compensation plans, payouts are
earned based upon outstanding performance as measured against pre-established financial objectives.
CORPORATEGOVERNANCEHIGHLIGHTSREGARDINGEXECUTIVECOMPENSATION
We endeavor to maintain sound executive compensation policies and practices, including compensation-related corporate governance
standards, consistent with our executive compensation philosophy. The following summarizes our executive compensation and related governance policies
and practices:
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WHAT WE DO WHAT WE DO NOT DO
✓ A significant portion of compensation is “at risk” and tied to long-term
company performance
û No discretionary or guaranteed incentives payments
û No new or legacy exercise-tax gross-up provisions
✓ Annual incentive plan metrics are solely based on company performance;
awards are determined based on pre-established targets
û No option repricing without stockholder consent
✓
✓
✓
✓
Market-based executive compensation levels are reviewed by
Compensation and Nominating Committee annually
Performance-measured incentive awards are subject to a compensation
recoupment policy
Executives are prohibited from hedging
An independent compensation consultant is retained to evaluate our
executive compensation and make recommendations
We believe that we have designed executive compensation plans that effectively support our strategic and financial goals, create a culture of
teamwork, and are directly tied to the performance of the company and shareholder outcomes. We will continue to utilize rigorous governance processes to
monitor and evaluate the compensation programs as well as implement best practices in compensation governance. We welcome shareholder feedback on
our programs.
COMPENSATION OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES
Carvana seeks to create and maintain a culture of teamwork and high performance. Our executive compensation programs are one of the tools
we utilize to accomplish this objective. Philosophically, we aim to treat our executives fairly when considering:
• the complexity of their jobs,
• the market for their executive talent,
• their individual performance,
• the financial and strategic performance of the company, and
• the need to retain the executives.
Within that framework, it is critical that we meet our objectives to:
• attract and retain the best executive talent to support our growth,
• align the interests of our executives with those of our shareholders, and
• provide incentives that are linked directly to our long- and short-term strategy.
We set very challenging goals as our incentive compensation metrics and we expect that our executives will in aggregate be paid approximately
at the median for achieving those goals through the plans outlined in this CD&A. As evidenced by our track record of growth and strategic progress, our
approach to executive compensation has been effective.
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COMPENSATION SETTING PROCESS
ROLEOFCOMPENSATIONANDNOMINATINGCOMMITTEEANDCHIEFEXECUTIVEOFFICERINSETTINGEXECUTIVECOMPENSATION
The Compensation and Nominating Committee has responsibility for overseeing the design, development, and implementation of the
compensation program for our chief executive officer and other NEOs. The committee evaluates the performance of our chief executive officer and the
performance of the other executive officers. Our chief executive officer assists the committee in evaluating the performance of our other executive officers,
including the named executive officers other than the chief executive officer. Our chief executive officer does not participate in portions of committee
meetings or meetings of the Board when his compensation is discussed and determined, and has requested that his total compensation be set significantly
below the market median due to his significant ownership interest in our company
Based on these assessments, the members of the Compensation and Nominating Committee, each of whom is an independent director, make the
final compensation decisions for the NEOs other than the CEO, and make recommendations to the Board for the CEO’s compensation. The Board makes
the final decision for the CEO’s compensation.
INDEPENDENTCOMPENSATIONADVISOR
Our Compensation and Nominating Committee believes that independent advice is important in developing Carvana’s executive compensation
programs. Since September 2017, the committee has engaged Korn Ferry as its independent compensation consultant to advise on executive compensation
matters. All work performed by the independent compensation consultant regarding our executive compensation program is tasked and overseen directly by
the committee. Our management provides information and analyses to the committee at the committee’s direction.
In addition to advising on our executive compensation program, Korn Ferry, at the request of and in service to the committee, provided certain
other compensation advisory services for 2018 compensation, including assistance with establishing a compensation peer group, benchmarking aggregate
broad-based equity usage (including run-rate and total dilution), benchmarking director compensation, benchmarking
non-executive employee compensation in certain job families within our company, and developing the narrative disclosure in this Compensation Discussion
and Analysis. Our Compensation and Nominating Committee paid Korn Ferry $103,000 for their 2018 services.
Korn Ferry does not provide any other material services to Carvana Co. The committee has assessed the independence of Korn Ferry pursuant
to the NYSE rules and concluded that Korn Ferry’s work for the committee did not raise any conflicts of interest.
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COMPETITIVENESS OF OUR COMPENSATION PROGRAM
Our executive compensation program is designed so that the sum of base pay plus total short- and long-term compensation is competitive with
market practices. Market practices—or benchmarks—are based on peer-group data and compensation survey data.
The past year, 2018, was our first year of developing a compensation peer group. Many of our direct industry competitors are either privately
held companies or are larger than us in revenue size, although very few have our growth trajectory. The Compensation and Nominating Committee, with the
assistance of its compensation consultant, Korn Ferry, reviewed and selected potential peer companies based on revenue size, industry focus, growth rates,
complexity of operations, customer base, and market for talent. With the assistance of its compensation consultant, the committee approved the following
compensation peer group in order to determine market pay levels and pay practices for fiscal year 2018:
• 1-800-Flowers.com, Inc.
• America’s Car-Mart, Inc.
• Cars.com Inc.
• Etsy, Inc.
• Grubhub, Inc.
• MarineMax, Inc.
• Monro, Inc.
• Overstock.com, Inc.
• RH
• Sleep Number Corporation
• TrueCar, Inc.
• U.S. Auto Parts Network, Inc.
• Wayfair Inc.
• Zillow Group, Inc.
Going forward, the Compensation and Nominating Committee expects to review our compensation peer group on an annual basis for continued
appropriateness, considering changes in both our size and business and the businesses of the companies in the peer group.
The committee also uses compensation survey data in its evaluation of executive pay for the NEOs. Survey data provides insight into positions
that may not generally be reported in proxy statements and information about the compensation of executives of non-public companies. To assist the
committee in evaluating fiscal year 2018 compensation levels, the committee reviewed both peer-group proxy data and information from survey databases,
utilizing appropriate subsets based on the size of the company.
COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
In accordance with our overall compensation philosophy and program, executives are provided with a mix of base salary, short-term incentives,
long-term incentives and employee benefits. Our compensation philosophy places a significant portion of the potential total compensation for each NEO “at
risk” such that compensation will vary based on performance of Carvana. Variable compensation is a component of compensation for most of our
employees, but a higher proportion of our NEOs’ compensation is at risk than that of our general employee population. As shown in the pay mix chart
below, our compensation program is designed to be highly performance-based with approximately 80% of each of our NEO’s compensation tied to our
financial performance and stock price performance.
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The following table describes the material elements of compensation and the objectives of each element:
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES
ANNUAL COMPENSATION:
BaseSalary
AnnualIncentivePlan
LONG-TERM COMPENSATION:
Long-TermIncentiveProgram
• Ongoing cash compensation based on executive
officer’s role, responsibilities, competitive market
positioning, and individual performance.
• Annual cash incentive with target award amounts for
each executive officer.
• Actual cash awards may be higher or lower than
target, based on the company’s financial
performance.
• A long-term incentive program using a combination
of time-vested and performance-based awards.
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• Attract and retain qualified key managerial talent.
• Recognize sustained individual performance.
• Attract and retain qualified key managerial talent.
• Encourage and reward achievement of annual
performance objectives.
• Focus executives on long-term company performance
and long-term financial and strategic success.
• Retention.
• Align employee and stockholder interests via
performance goals and stock ownership.
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BASESALARY
The base salaries for the named executive officers are reviewed annually by the Compensation and Nominating Committee. Individual salaries
are determined based upon a combination of factors, including the scope of responsibilities, individual performance and experience, our company’s
performance, an individual’s potential for making contributions to future company performance, and competitive pay practices. The committee considers all
these factors in determining base salary increases and does not assign a specific weighting to any individual factor.
In February 2018, the Compensation and Nominating Committee reviewed the base salaries of our executive officers, including our named
executive officers, taking into consideration the factors described above. Following this review, the committee determined to maintain the base salary of our
CEO at its 2017 level and to increase the base salaries of the other four named executive officers to maintain the competitiveness of this compensation
element. All of the NEOs’ 2018 base salaries were approximately at or below the market median as determined by the compensation consultant.
Ernest Garcia III, our chief executive officer, had a base salary of $400,000 for both 2017 and 2018, with no increase. Mark Jenkins, our chief
financial officer, had a 2017 base salary of $350,000 and a 2018 base salary of $375,000, an increase of 7.1%. Benjamin Huston, our chief operating officer,
had a 2017 base salary of $350,000 and a 2018 base salary of $375,000, an increase of 7.1%. Ryan Keeton, our chief brand officer, had a 2017 base salary
of $315,000 and a 2018 base salary of $330,000, an increase of 4.8%. Daniel Gill, our chief product officer, had a 2017 base salary of $315,000 and a 2018
base salary of $330,000, an increase of 4.8%.
2018ANNUALINCENTIVEPLAN
Our annual incentive plan was designed to align our executive officers’ incentives with our company goals and, therefore, to be aligned with the
interests of our shareholders. The Compensation and Nominating Committee approves which executives are eligible to participate (other than the CEO) and
the level of potential awards, identifies appropriate performance measures, and determines the financial targets of each measure. The CEO makes
recommendations as to these matters, but the Compensation and Nominating Committee makes all decisions with respect to the implementation of the
annual incentive plan. For the CEO’s annual incentive plan, the Compensation and Nominating Committee makes a recommendation, with the Board
making the final decision. In establishing performance goals, the committee and the Board as a whole review industry and market conditions, alignment of
the goals with our strategy, projected general economic conditions, and both our past and forecasted performance levels.
TargetBonusesandPayoutRanges
For the 2018 annual incentive plan, the committee established a target bonus at 66.7% of base salary for each of the NEOs, with a payout range
of 0%–133% of base salary. Utilizing the same bonus target for all the NEOs promotes a culture of teamwork among the senior executives and encourages
their entrepreneurial spirit. As a result, the CEO’s target 2018 total cash, including both base salary and target annual incentive plan amount, is below the
market 25 th percentile of our compensation peer group.
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The resulting payout range for Mr. Garcia, our chief executive officer, is $0–$530,667, with a target of $266,667. For both Mr. Jenkins, our
chief financial officer, and Mr. Huston, our chief operating officer, the payout range is $0–$497,500, with a target of $250,000. For both Mr. Keeton, our
chief brand officer, and Mr. Gill, our chief product officer, the payout range is $0–$437,800, with a target bonus of $220,000.
PerformanceMetricsandGoals
The performance period for the annual incentive is our fiscal year. The committee selected retail units sold, gross profit per unit ex-Gift, and
EBITDA margin ex-Gift as the performance metrics for our 2018 annual incentive plan because these are the primary metrics we use in evaluating our own
performance when communicating our financial results to our investors.
The committee believes that these performance measures help focus the executives on growing retail units sold and revenue, increasing total
gross profit per unit, and demonstrating operating leverage. The detailed definition of each measure and rationale of selection are provided below:
PERFORMANCE
METRICS USED IN
THE 2018 AIP WEIGHT DEFINITION RATIONALE OF SELECTION
RetailUnitsSold 40% The number of vehicles
sold to customers in a
given period, net of
returns under our
seven-day return policy.
GrossProfitper
Unitex-Gift
40% The gross profit before
compensation expense
related to the 100k
Milestone Gift (as
hereinafter defined) is
included in cost of sales,
divided by retail units sold
in that period.
We view retail units sold as a key measure of our growth for several reasons.
First, retail units sold is the primary driver of our revenues and, indirectly, gross
profit, since retail unit sales enable multiple complementary revenue streams,
including financing, VSCs, GAP waiver coverage, and trade-ins. Second, growth
in retail units sold increases the base of available customers for referrals and
repeat sales. Third, growth in retail units sold is an indicator of our ability to
successfully scale our logistics, fulfillment, and customer service operations.
Total gross profit per unit ex-Gift is driven by sales of used vehicles, each of
which generates additional revenue sources including wholesale sales of vehicles
we acquire from customers as trade-ins, gains on the sales of loans originated to
finance the vehicle, revenue from GAP waiver coverage, and commissions on
sales of VSCs. We believe total gross profit per unit ex-Gift is a key measure of
our growth and long-term profitability.
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EBITDAMarginex-Gift 20% Net loss before interest
expense, income tax
expense, depreciation and
amortization expense, and
the compensation expense
related to the 100k
Milestone Gift, as a
percentage of total
revenues.
We believe that EBITDA Margin ex-Gift is an important measure of the leverage
in our business and a useful measure to us and to our investors because it focuses
specifically on operational performance.
At the beginning of 2018, the committee established financial performance goals that were challenging and reflective of Carvana’s fiscal 2018
operating plan, economic and market conditions, and forecasts at the time the performance goals were established. The target performance goal of each
metric is significantly above fiscal 2017’s actual results: over 92,000 retail units sold, a 108% increase over fiscal year 2017’s retail units sold of 44,252;
over $2,100 for gross profit per unit ex-Gift, a $561 increase over fiscal year 2017’s gross profit per unit ex-Gift of $1,539; and EBITDA margin ex-Gift of
less than (7.2)%, a 9.7 percentage point improvement over fiscal year 2017’s EBTIDA margin ex-Gift of (16.9)%.
TotalPayouts
Based on the committee’s evaluation of our 2018 actual performance against the annual incentive plan goals, 88% of the target annual bonuses
were paid out, amounting to 59% of the NEOs’ respective base salaries. The annual incentive bonus received by each of the NEOs is included in the
“Non-Equity Performance Incentive Plan Compensation” column in the 2018 Summary Compensation Table in this proxy statement.
Each of the annual incentive metrics provided a payout range of 0%–199% as a percent of the target. For Retail Units Sold, weighted 40% of
the total, the target was over 92,000, and our actual performance was 94,108, resulting in a payout of 118% of the target payout. For gross profit per unit ex-
Gift, weighted 40% of the total, the target was over $2,100 and our actual performance was $2,133, resulting in a payout of 103% of the target. For
EBITDA Margin ex-Gift, weighted 20% of the total, our target was less than (7.2)% and our actual performance was (9.9)%, resulting in no payout.
Aggregating each of the respective payouts, weighted accordingly, resulted in a total payout of 88% of target. Applying the payout of 88% of target to each
of our NEOs respective target bonuses, Mr. Garcia achieved a $235,733 payout amount; Messrs. Jenkins and Huston achieved a payout of $221,000 each,
and Messrs. Keeton and Gill achieved a payout of $194,480 each.
LONG-TERMINCENTIVEPROGRAM
The Compensation and Nominating Committee believes that stock-based performance compensation is essential to align the interests of
Carvana’s management and its shareholders in enhancing the long-term value of our equity and to encourage executives to remain with the company.
Among the varied types of equity awards the committee is authorized to use under the equity plan, stock options are the ones that the committee has
determined are preferable for use with NEOs, because their
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value is more leveraged to future value appreciation and depends upon a future increase in the value of our common stock. The committee also has
determined that restricted stock unit grants to NEOs should be used for the purposes of retention or recognition of outstanding performance in part because
restricted stock units are less volatile than stock options.
2018AnnualGrant
For fiscal 2018, the Compensation and Nominating Committee determined to award an equal blend of time-based stock options and restricted
stock units to provide a mix composed of awards whose value depends upon a future increase in the value of the common stock (time-based stock options)
and awards that serve primarily as a retention tool (time-based restricted stock units).
For the 2018 annual grant, the committee targeted a grant value equal to the amount of each executive’s base salary. The committee initially
targeted the annual grant based on a 10-day average stock price as of April 2, 2018 ($21.61). Based on that price, Mr. Garcia would have received 15,988
options and 9,255 RSUs; Messrs. Jenkins and Huston would have received 14,989 options and 8,677 RSUs; and Messrs. Keeton and Gill would have
received 13,190 options and 7,635 RSUs. However, the grants were not awarded until mid-July when the stock price had more than doubled ($44.21). To
compensate the executives for the disadvantage of receiving stock options with a much higher exercise price, the Committee determined to grant additional
RSUs. The grant value of the additional RSUs is equal to one-half of the in-the-money value difference between the options granted based on the March
stock price and the options granted based on the July stock price, resulting in a total of 13,987 RSUs granted to Mr. Garcia, 13,113 to Messrs. Jenkins and
Huston each, and 11,540 to Messrs. Keeton and Gill each.
2018SpecialPerformance-ContingentGrant
For fiscal 2018, the Compensation and Nominating Committee and the Board also granted a one-time special performance-contingent RSU
award for driving exceptional company performance to achieve an important milestone in the development of the business. The RSUs were granted on
April 30, 2018, to the NEOs other than the CEO; the CEO received his award on May 1, 2018. Mr. Garcia was granted 14,572 RSUs ($393,298 grant
value), Messrs. Jenkins and Huston 13,662 RSUs ($358,081 grant value), and Messrs. Keeton and Gill 12,022 RSUs ($315,097 grant value). All of these
grants will vest 100% on the date of the first periodic report filed where positive quarterly EBITDA is reported. None of the RSUs were vested as of the end
of 2018.
2018100kMilestoneGift
On September 10, 2018, we announced a commitment by our chief executive officer, Ernest Garcia III (“Mr. Garcia”), to contribute 165 shares
of Class A common stock to us from his personal shareholdings for every one of our then-existing employees, including the NEOs, upon their satisfying
certain employment tenure requirements. In connection with these contributions, we have made corresponding grants of 165 restricted stock units under our
2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan to each employee who has satisfied the requirements and we intend to make grants to the remaining then-existing employees
as they satisfy the requirements (the “100k Milestone Gift” or “Gift”). Messrs. Jenkins, Huston, Keeton, and Gill all received the grant in 2018, which had a
grant date fair value of $10,562.
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PERQUISITESANDBENEFITS
Currently, we do not view perquisites or other personal benefits as a significant component of our executive compensation program.
Accordingly, we did not provide perquisites to our executive officers in 2018, including our named executive officers, except that each of the NEOs, along
with certain other employees, can use one of the company inventory vehicles (which generally will be replaced every three years); each, along with many of
our employees, may use a company-provided cellular phone; and each, along with all of our employees, may participate in our 401(k) match benefit which
is based on salary.
We do not expect that any future perquisites or other personal benefits will be a significant aspect of our executive compensation program. All
future practices with respect to perquisites or other personal benefits will be approved and subject to periodic review by the Compensation and Nominating
Committee.
TERMINATION,SEVERANCEANDCHANGEINCONTROLBENEFITS
We do not have employment or severance agreements with our executives.
In the event of a change in control of Carvana Group, all outstanding unvested Class B Unit awards held by participants in the Carvana Group
equity incentive plan, whose employment has not previously terminated, will accelerate in full, subject to certain escrow demand rights held by a purchaser
of control of Carvana Group.
If an executive is terminated involuntarily without cause within twenty-four months following a change in control as defined by our 2018
equity award agreements, all outstanding vested stock options and time-based RSUs of that executive will become fully exercisable or vested. An executive
whose employment is terminated because of death or disability will receive one year from the time of termination to exercise any then-vested options
instead of the usual 90 days, but not past the expiration date of the options. If a person’s employment is terminated for disability, and that person later dies
within a year, the legal representative of the person’s estate may exercise the options within one year of the date of death, though not past the expiration date
of the options.
If a change in control occurs before the performance-contingent RSUs are vested, outstanding shares will vest in a proportionate number based
on the company’s progress toward positive EBITDA, starting from the EBITDA loss baseline as of the end of the calendar quarter immediately preceding
the award (-$41.5 million) to the EBITDA as of the end of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the date of the closing of the change in control.
Except for these arrangements, none of our named executive officers have entered into any plans, arrangements or agreements with Carvana
providing for payments upon termination of employment or change in control of Carvana, other than payments generally available to all salaried employees
that do not discriminate in scope, terms, or operation in favor of the executive officers of Carvana.
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COMPENSATION-RELATED POLICIES
COMPENSATIONRECOVERY(“CLAWBACK”)POLICY
In 2018, the Compensation and Nominating Committee approved the adoption of a “clawback” policy, which would provide for the clawback
or recoupment of any compensation granted, earned, or vested that is tied to performance metrics, in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from
material noncompliance with certain financial reporting requirements that reveals that such performance (or level of performance) was not achieved.
POLICYREGARDINGHEDGINGANDPLEDGINGOFCOMPANYSTOCK
Carvana’s insider trading policy prohibits all employees from buying or selling Carvana securities while aware of material nonpublic
information and prohibits the disclosure of material nonpublic information to others who then trade in our securities. As part of this policy, certain other
Carvana-securities-related transactions by directors, officers and other employees are also prohibited or subject to specific notice and pre-approval
requirements. The policy is premised on the belief that even in those circumstances where the proposed transaction may not constitute a violation of law or
applicable regulations, it is nonetheless inappropriate for any director, officer, or other employee to engage in short-term or speculative transactions in our
securities which may be viewed as reducing their incentive to improve our performance or inconsistent with the objectives of our stockholders in general.
Therefore, it is our policy that directors, officers, and other employees may not engage in any transactions involving our securities which constitute short
sales, puts, calls, or other similar derivative securities. The policy also prohibits certain other transactions, including hedging or monetization transactions—
e.g., zero-cost collars, forward sale contracts, and arrangements pledging company securities as collateral for a loan (without adequate assurance of other
available assets to satisfy the loan).
COMPENSATION AND RISK
We believe that our compensation programs create appropriate incentives to drive sustained, long-term increases in shareholder value. These
programs have been designed and administered in a manner that discourages undue risk-taking by employees. Relevant features of these programs include:
• Focus on weighting compensation toward four-year and greater vesting schedules of equity awards;
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• individual executive pay generally targeted at median level against comparable executive roles at an appropriate set of peer
companies, except the chief executive officer, for whom we target significantly below median level due to his significant
ownership interest in us;
• robust clawback policies permitting the recoupment of past incentive pay from executive officers in the event of certain kinds of
misconduct, and forfeiture of incentive awards in the event the executive engages in various types of conduct deemed detrimental
to Carvana’s interests, including theft or fraud against Carvana and engaging in competition with Carvana;
• no employment agreements with executive officers;
• the use of retail units sold, gross profit per unit ex-Gift and EBITDA margin ex-Gift as performance metrics, which incents
employees to increase earnings and manage net assets efficiently;
• restrictions on trading in Carvana Class A common stock to reduce insider trading compliance risk, as well as prohibitions on
pledging and hedging Carvana capital stock.
In light of these features, we conclude that the risks arising from our executive and employee compensation policies and practices are not
reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the company.
TAX AND ACCOUNTING IMPLICATIONS
Carvana considers the tax and accounting aspects of the elements of compensation we offer in determining the most effective method for
compensating our executives. This includes, but is not limited to, Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder.
Section 162(m) generally limits the tax deduction available to public companies for annual compensation paid to the chief executive officer and certain
other named executive officers in excess of $1 million.
As a result of 2017 tax legislation, compensation paid in a fiscal year in excess of $1 million to, or on behalf of, an individual who is a “covered
employee” is not expected to be deductible under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, unless such compensation qualifies for transition relief
(relating to written binding contracts in effect on November 2, 2017, which were not subsequently materially modified). Therefore, certain compensation
paid under our existing equity plans and certain of our long-term equity awards originally designed with the intent that such amounts qualify as
“performance-based” compensation may not be deductible in the future. Although the committee may consider the effect that Section 162(m) and the
potential lack of deduction for amounts paid in excess of the deduction limit may have on Carvana, the committee continues to retain flexibility to make
compensation decisions, in the exercise of its business judgment, that are based on factors that it determines to be appropriate (as determined by the
committee in its sole discretion) to enable Carvana to continue to attract, retain, reward, and motivate its highly-qualified executives. This flexibility may
include amending or modifying the design elements of our historical compensation programs.
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COMPENSATION AND NOMINATING COMMITTEE REPORT
The Compensation and Nominating Committee has reviewed and discussed the foregoing Compensation Discussion and Analysis with
management. Based on this review and discussion, the Committee recommended to the Carvana, Co. Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion
and Analysis be included in this proxy statement and incorporated by reference into Carvana Co.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2018.
Respectfully submitted by:
Gregory Sullivan
Ira Platt
Dan Quayle
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SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
COMPENSATION TABLES
The following table presents summary information regarding the total compensation awarded to, earned by, and paid to our named executive
officers for the past three fiscal years.
NAME AND
YEAR SALARY
STOCK
AWARDS
OPTION
AWARDS
NON-EQUITY
INCENTIVE PLAN
COMPENSATION
ALL OTHER
COMPENSATION TOTAL
PRINCIPAL POSITION
($) ($) (1) ($) ($) (2) ($) (3) ($)
Ernest Garcia III 2018 400,000 1,011,664 428,329 235,733 — 2,075,726
ChiefExecutiveOfficer 2017 400,000 — — — 16,149 416,149
2016 400,000 — — — 54,008 454,008
Mark Jenkins 2018 375,000 948,368 401,566 221,000 21,980 1,967,914
ChiefFinancialOfficer 2017 350,000 1,408,000 — — 12,441 1,770,441
2016 347,923 57,200 — — 12,294 417,417
Benjamin Huston 2018 375,000 948,368 401,566 221,000 19,903 1,965,837
ChiefOperatingOfficer 2017 350,000 1,408,000 — — 24,034 1,782,034
2016 347,923 57,200 — — 19,370 424,493
Ryan Keeton 2018 330,000 835,842 353,369 194,480 20,042 1,733,733
ChiefBrandOfficer 2017 315,000 528,000 — — 21,688 864,688
2016 315,000 17,600 — — 19,050 351,650
Daniel Gill 2018 330,000 835,842 353,369 194,480 13,157 1,726,848
ChiefProductOfficer 2017 315,000 528,000 — — 17,451 860,451
2016 315,000 17,600 — — 11,250 343,850
(1) The amounts reported in the Stock Awards column represent the grant date fair value of the restricted stock units and Class B Units (as hereinafter
defined) granted to the named executive officers during the years presented as computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board
Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718.
(2) The amounts reported in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column represent the amounts paid out under the 2018 annual incentive plan,
as described above under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
(3) Included in “All Other Compensation” for 2016, 2017, and 2018 were the following items:
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NAME YEAR
401(K)
PLAN COMPANY
MATCH(i)
NON-BUSINESS
AIRCRAFT USAGE(ii)
INCREMENTAL COST
OF COMPANY CAR(iii)
CELLPHONE
EXPENSE(iv) TOTAL
Ernest Garcia III 2018(v) — — — — —
2017 — 12,782 — 3,367 16,149
2016 — 34,349 16,460 3,199 54,008
Mark Jenkins 2018 3,115 — 18,500 365 21,980
2017 — — 11,538 903 12,441
2016 — — 12,294 — 12,294
Benjamin Huston 2018 4,489 — 14,750 664 19,903
2017 4,200 — 18,896 938 24,034
2016 4,200 — 11,399 3,771 19,370
Ryan Keeton 2018 6,589 — 12,750 703 20,042
2017 6,300 — 12,750 2,638 21,688
2016 6,300 — 12,750 — 19,050
Daniel Gill 2018 1,523 — 11,250 384 13,157
2017 — — 11,250 386 17,451
2016 — — 11,250 — 11,250
(i) Represents discretionary matching contributions under our 401(k) Plan
(ii) The 2016 and 2017 amounts for Mr. Garcia is the incremental cost to Carvana of flights relating to a personal event on the private aircraft operated by
Bridgecrest Credit Company, f/k/a DT Credit Company, LLC (“Bridgecrest”), an affiliate of DriveTime, and leased by Carvana. See “Certain
Relationships and Related Party Transactions – Relationship with DriveTime – Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement.” The incremental cost to Carvana
of aircraft used under the aircraft time sharing agreement for a non-business flight is calculated by multiplying the aircraft’s per-mile variable
operating cost by a flight’s total mileage, which includes the mileage of an empty return flight. Variable operating costs include: (1) landing, parking,
passenger ground transportation, crew travel, and flight planning services expenses; (2) supplies, catering, and crew traveling expenses; (3) aircraft
fuel and oil expenses; (4) maintenance, parts, and external labor (inspections and repairs); and (5) any customs, foreign permit, and similar fees. Fixed
costs that do not vary based upon usage are not included in the calculation of direct operating cost. On certain occasions, a named executive officer or
a named executive officer’s spouse or other family member may fly on the corporate aircraft as additional passengers. No additional direct operating
cost is incurred in such situations under the foregoing methodology because the costs would not be incremental. Carvana does not pay its named
executive officers any amounts in respect of taxes (so-called gross-up payments) on income imputed to them for non-business aircraft usage.
(iii) The incremental cost of the company car to us has been calculated based on the depreciation value of the vehicle.
(iv) Represents the cost of company-paid cell phone service.
(v) Mr. Garcia’s “All Other Compensation” for 2018 was less than $10,000.
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GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWAR DS
GRANT
DATE
ESTIMATED FUTURE PAYOUTS
UNDER NON-EQUITY INCENTIVE
PLAN AWARDS (1)
THRESHOLD
($)
TARGET
($)
MAXIMUM
($)
ESTIMATED FUTURE PAYOUTS
UNDER EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
AWARDS (2)
THRESHOLD
(#)
TARGET
(#)
MAXIMUM
(#)
ALL OTHER
STOCK
AWARDS:
NUMBER OF
SHARES OF
STOCK OR
UNITS (#)
ALL OTHER
OPTION
AWARDS:
NUMBER OF
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
OPTIONS (#)
EXERCISE
OR BASE
PRICE OF
OPTION
AWARDS
($/SH)
GRANT
DATE FAIR
VALUE OF
STOCK AN
OPTION
AWARDS (3
NAME
Ernest
Garcia III 4/30/2018 0 266,667 530,667 — — — — — — $ —
4/30/2018 — — — 0 14,572 14,572 — — — $ 393,29
7/28/2018 — — — — — — 13,987 — — $ 618,36
7/28/2018 — — — — — — — 15,988 $ 44.21 $ 428,32
Mark
Jenkins 4/30/2018 0 250,000 497,500 — — — — — — $ —
4/30/2018 — — — 0 13,662 13,662 — — — $ 358,08
7/28/2018 — — — — — — 13,113 — — $ 579,72
7/28/2018 — — — — — — — 14,989 $ 44.21 $ 401,56
9/13/2018(4) — — — — — — 165 — — $ 10,56
Benjamin
Huston 4/30/2018 0 250,000 497,500 — — — — — — $ —
4/30/2018 — — — 0 13,662 13,662 — — — $ 358,08
7/28/2018 — — — — — — 13,113 — — $ 579,72
7/28/2018 — — — — — — — 14,989 $ 44.21 $ 401,56
9/13/2018(4) — — — — — — 165 — — $ 10,56
Ryan
Keeton 4/30/2018 0 220,000 437,800 — — — — — — $ —
4/30/2018 — — — 0 12,022 12,022 — — — $ 315,09
7/28/2018 — — — — — — 11,540 — — $ 510,18
7/28/2018 — — — — — — — 13,190 $ 44.21 $ 353,36
9/13/2018(4) — — — — — — 165 — — $ 10,56
Daniel Gill 4/30/2018 0 220,000 437,800 — — — — — — $ —
4/30/2018 — — — 0 12,022 12,022 — — — $ 315,09
7/28/2018 — — — — — — 11,540 — — $ 510,18
7/28/2018 — — — — — — — 13,190 $ 44.21 $ 353,36
9/13/2018(4) — — — — — — 165 — — $ 10,56
(1) The amounts in these columns represent the threshold, target, and maximum payouts for the 2018 annual incentive plan, as described above under
“Compensation Discussion and Analysis.” Actual payouts are reflected in the “Summary Compensation Table.”
(2) The amounts in these columns represent the number of shares that would be issued upon vesting of the RSUs granted under the 2018 special
performance-contingent grant upon achievement of the EBITDA performance target, as described above under “Compensation Discussion and
Analysis.”
(3) The amounts reported in this column represent the grant date fair value of the options and RSUs granted to the named executive officers as computed
in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718.
(4) These grants represent the amount awarded under the 100k Milestone Gift, which was given to all of our employees who were employed as of
September 10, 2018, and who met certain employment-tenure requirements. See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – 2018 100k Milestone
Gift” for more information.
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OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT 2018 FISCAL YEAR END
NUMBER OF
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
UNEXERCISED
OPTIONS
(#)
EXERCISABLE
NUMBER OF
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
UNEXERCISED
OPTIONS
(#)
UNEXERCISABLE
OPTION AWARDS EQUITY AWARDS
OPTION
EXERCISE
PRICE
($)
OPTION
EXPIRATION
DATE
NUMBER
OF
SHARES
OR UNITS
OF STOCK
THAT
HAVE NOT
VESTED (#)
MARKET
VALUE OF
SHARES
OR UNITS
OF STOCK
THAT
HAVE NOT
VESTED
($) (1)
EQUITY
INCENTIVE
PLAN AWARDS:
NUMBER OF
UNEARNED
SHARES, UNITS
OR OTHER
RIGHTS THAT
HAVE NOT
VESTED (#)
EQUITY
INCENTIVE
PLAN AWARDS
MARKET OR
PAYOUT
VALUE OF
UNEARNED
SHARES, UNIT
OR OTHER
RIGHTS THAT
HAVE NOT
VESTED ($) (1
NAME
Ernest
Garcia III — 15,988(8) 44.21 7/28/2028 13,987(9) 457,515 14,572(10) 476,65
Mark Jenkins: — 14,989(8) 44.21 7/28/2028 13,113(9) 428,926 13,662(10) 446,88
Class B
Units (2) — — — — 116,667 3,052,942 — —
Class B
Units (3) — — — — 50,000 1,064,500 — —
Class B
Units (4) — — — — 15,000 319,350 — —
Class B
Units (5) — — — — 41,667 848,198 — —
Class B
Units (6) — — — — 126,667 1,794,618 — —
Benjamin
Huston: — 14,989(8) 44.21 7/28/2028 13,113(9) 428,926 13,662(10) 446,88
Class B
Units (3) — — — — 50,000 1,064,500 — —
Class B
Units (4) — — — — 15,000 319,350 — —
Class B
Units (5) — — — — 41,667 848,198 — —
Class B
Units (6) — — — — 126,667 1,794,618 — —
Ryan Keeton: 13,190(8) 44.21 7/28/2028 11,540(9) 377,473 12,022(10) 393,24
Class B
Units (3) — — — — 25,000 532,250 — —
Class B
Units (4) — — — — 7,500 159,675 — —
Class B
Units (5) — — — — 10,417 212,048 — —
Class B
Units (6) — — — — 47,500 672,980 — —
Daniel Gill: — 13,190(8) 44.21 7/28/2028 11,540(9) 377,473 12,022(10) 393,24
Class B
Units (7) — — — — 200,000 5,233,600 — —
Class B
Units (4) — — — — 10,667 227,093 — —
Class B
Units (5) — — — — 10,417 212,048 — —
Class B
Units (6) — — — — 47,500 672,980 — —
(1) Amounts were determined based on the closing price of Carvana Co.’s Class A common stock on December 31, 2018, of $32.71 and the applicable
participation thresholds of our B1 Units (as defined below), B2 Units (as defined below), B3 Units (as defined below) and B4 Units (as defined
below). These values may not reflect the value actually realized by the named executive officers upon vesting.
(2) These Class B Units (the “B1 Units”) were granted on March 24, 2015, with a participation threshold of $0.00; 200,000 of which vested on July 1,
2015, and 16,667 of which vest on the first of each month beginning on August 1, 2015.
(3) These Class B Units (the “B2 Units”) were granted on March 24, 2015, with a participation threshold of $4.878; 20% vested on March 1, 2016, and
the remaining amount vests in 48 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(4) These B2 Units were granted on January 29, 2016, with a participation threshold of $4.878; 20% vested on March 1, 2016, and the remaining amount
vests in 48 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(5) These Class B Units (the “B3 Units”) were granted on October 21, 2016, with a participation threshold of $5.8114; 20% vested on January 1, 2017,
and the remaining amount vests in 48 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(6) These Class B Units (the “B4 Units”) were granted on April 27, 2017, with a participation threshold of $12.000; 20% vest on February 1, 2018, and
the remaining amount vests in 48 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(7) These B1 Units were granted on March 24, 2015, with a participation threshold of $0.00; 20% vested on March 1, 2016, and the remaining amount
vests in 48 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(8) These options vest 25% on April 1, 2019, and the remaining amount vests in 36 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(9) These RSUs vest 25% on April 1, 2019, and the remaining amount vests in 36 equal monthly installments on the first of each month thereafter.
(10) These performance-contingent RSUs vest on the date Carvana files a periodic report (i.e., Form 10-Q or Form 10-K) with the SEC reflecting positive
EBITDA for a calendar quarter.
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OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED
NUMBER OF SHARES
ACQUIRED ON
EXERCISE (#)
OPTION AWARDS STOCK AWARDS (1)
NUMBER OF
VALUE REALIZED SHARES ACQUIRED
ON EXERCISE ($)
ON VESTING (#)
VALUE REALIZED ON
VESTING ($)
NAME
Ernest Garcia III — — — —
Mark Jenkins — — 226,384 8,197,217
Benjamin Huston — — 226,384 8,197,217
Ryan Keeton — — 107,624 3,894,768
Daniel Gill — — 144,152 5,186,740
(1) Amounts include restricted stock units and Class B Units. The number of shares and values were determined based on the closing price of Carvana
Co.’s Class A common stock on each vesting date and, in the case of Class B Units, the applicable participation thresholds of our B1 Units, B2 Units,
B3 Units, and B4 Units (all as defined above in the “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2018 Fiscal Year End” table).
POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL
As described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Termination, Severance, and Change of Control Benefits” above, we do not have an
employment or severance agreement with any of our named executives; however, our NEOs would be entitled to accelerated vesting of certain equity
awards under the following conditions, with values listed as of December 31, 2018:
CHANGE OF
CONTROL ($)
(1)
INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION
WITHOUT CAUSE WITHIN 24
MONTHS OF A CHANGE OF
CONTROL ($) (2)
NAME
Ernest Garcia III — 457,515
Mark Jenkins: 7,079,609 428,926
Benjamin Huston: 4,026,667 428,926
Ryan Keeton: 1,576,953 377,473
Daniel Gill: 6,345,721 377,473
(1) Amounts in this column represent the market value as of December 31, 2018, on a fully exchanged basis, of the Class B Units, described above under
“Outstanding Equity Awards at 2018 Fiscal Year End,” that would vest upon a change of control of Carvana Group, as long as the executive’s
employment had not been previously terminated and subject to certain escrow demand rights held by a purchaser of control of Carvana Group. The
performance-contingent RSUs would also vest on a change of control, but in proportion to the progress made toward positive EBITDA. None of the
performance-contingent restricted stock units would be subject to accelerated vesting as of December 31, 2018, because EBITDA as of that date had
not progressed beyond the baseline.
(2) Amounts in this column represent the market value as of December 31, 2018, of all outstanding time-based RSUs, which would become fully vested
if the executive is involuntarily terminated without cause within 24 months of a change of control of Carvana Co. In that event, outstanding unvested
stock options would also become fully vested and exercisable, but as of December 31, 2018, the price of Carvana’s Class A common stock did not
exceed the strike price of those unvested options.
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CEO PAY RATIO
The 2018 annual total compensation of our median-compensated employee other than Mr. Garcia was $36,204. We identified our mediancompensated
employee by calculating the annual salary of all our employees as of December 31, 2018, annualized for those who joined Carvana during the
year and who were not seasonal or temporary employees. Mr. Garcia’s 2018 annual total compensation was $2,075,726, as disclosed in the “Summary
Compensation Table” above. The ratio of our median-compensated employee to Mr. Garcia is 1-to-57.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
POLICIES FOR APPROVAL OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We have adopted a written policy with respect to the review, approval, and ratification of related party transactions. Under the policy, our Audit
Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving related party transactions. In the course of its review and approval of related party transactions, our
Audit Committee will consider the relevant facts and circumstances to decide whether to approve such transactions. In particular, our policy requires our
Audit Committee to consider, among other factors it deems appropriate:
• the related person’s relationship to us and interest in the transaction,
• the material facts of the proposed transaction, including the proposed aggregate value of the transaction,
• the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director or an immediate family member of the director,
• the benefits to us of the proposed transaction,
• if applicable, the availability of other sources of comparable products or services, and
• an assessment of whether the proposed transaction is on terms that are comparable to the terms available to an unrelated third party or to
employees generally.
The Audit Committee may only approve those transactions that are in or are not inconsistent with our best interests and those of our
stockholders, as the Audit Committee determines in good faith.
AMENDED AND R ESTATED OPERATING AGREEMENT
In connection with the organizational transactions we effected in connection with our IPO, we amended and restated Carvana Group’s existing
operating agreement, which we refer to as the “LLC Operating Agreement.” In addition, on March 2, 2018, Carvana Group signed an amendment of its
LLC Agreement to, among other things, create a class of convertible preferred units. The convertible preferred units were created in connection with the
December 5, 2017, issuance and sale of 100,000 shares of convertible preferred stock of Carvana Co. The amendment was effective December 5, 2017. As
of December 31, 2018, the 100,000 shares of convertible preferred stock had all been converted into shares of Class A common stock and are no longer
outstanding.
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In connection with the issuance of our senior notes (see Carvana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2018, page 66–67), Carvana Group
amended its LLC agreement to create a class of non-convertible preferred units, which Carvana Co. purchased with its net proceeds from the issuance of
these senior notes.
The operations of Carvana Group, and the rights and obligations of the holders of our LLC Units (who we refer to as “LLC Unitholders”), are
set forth in the LLC Operating Agreement.
EXCHANGE AGREEMENT
On April 27, 2017, we entered into an exchange agreement with Carvana Co. Sub LLC (our wholly owned subsidiary) and the LLC
Unitholders. Under the exchange agreement, LLC Unitholders (and certain permitted transferees thereof) may exchange at any time their LLC Units for
either shares of our Class A common stock or for cash, whichever we decide. To the extent LLC Unitholders also hold Class B common stock, they will be
required to deliver to us the same number of shares of Class B common stock as Class A common stock being exchanged for. We will then cancel those
shares of Class B common stock. As LLC Unitholders exchange their interest in Carvana Group, our indirect interest in Carvana Group will increase
correspondingly.
When an LLC Unitholder makes an exchange, they will receive four shares of Class A common stock for every five Class A Units or, at our
option, cash equal to the value of a share of Class A common stock multiplied by 0.8 times the number of Class A Units being exchanged. The value of the
Class A common stock is determined by the average of the volume-weighted average prices for a share of Class A common stock for each of the three
consecutive full trading days ending on and including the last full trading day immediately prior to the related date of exchange. Class B Units are subject to
vesting and a participation threshold, and, as a result, LLC Unitholders exchanging Class B Units will receive a number of shares of Class A common stock
equal to the Class A common stock value (determined the same way as above) less the applicable participation threshold multiplied by 0.8 times the number
of Class B Units being exchanged, divided by the same Class A common stock value, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Exchange Agreement.
REGISTRATION R IGHTS AGREEMENT
In connection with the IPO, we entered into a registration rights agreement with certain LLC unitholders. These LLC unitholders are entitled to
request that we register their shares on a long-form or short-form registration statement on one or more occasions in the future, which registrations may be
“shelf registrations.” All of these LLC unitholders will be entitled to participate in certain of our
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registered offerings, subject to the restrictions in the registration rights agreement. We will pay expenses in connection with the exercise of these rights. The
registration rights described in this paragraph apply to (1) shares of our Class A common stock held by certain LLC unitholders, and (2) any of our capital
stock (or that of our subsidiaries) issued or issuable with respect to the Class A common stock described in clause (1) with respect to any dividend, stock
split, recapitalization, reorganization, or certain other corporate transactions (“Registrable Securities”). These registration rights are also for the benefit of
any subsequent holder of Registrable Securities, provided that any particular securities will cease to be Registrable Securities when they have been sold in a
registered public offering, sold in compliance with Rule 144 of the Securities Act or repurchased by us or our subsidiaries. In addition, any Registrable
Securities held by a person other than an LLC Unitholder and their affiliates will cease to be Registrable Securities if they can be sold without limitation
under Rule 144 of the Securities Act.
TAX REC EIVABLE AGREEMENT
We have entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with LLC Unitholders that will provide for the payment from time to time by us to such
persons of 85% of the amount of the benefits, if any, that we realize or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize as a result of
1. the increase in our wholly owned subsidiary’s proportionate share of the existing tax basis of the assets of Carvana Group and an adjustment in
the tax basis of the assets of Carvana Group reflected in that proportionate share as a result of any future exchanges of LLC Units held by an
LLC Unitholder for shares of our Class A common stock or cash, and
2. certain other tax benefits related to our making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
We expect to benefit from the remaining 15% of any tax benefits that we actually realize and, except in connection with a change in control, we will not
make any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement until after we have directly or indirectly realized (or have been deemed to have realized) benefits
in excess of such payments. These payment obligations are obligations of Carvana Co. and not of Carvana Group. No payments were made during the year
ended December 31, 2018.
INDEMNIFICA TION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our officers and directors. The indemnification agreements provide the officers
and directors with contractual rights to indemnification, expense advancement, and reimbursement, to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law.
Additionally, we may enter into indemnification agreements with any new directors or officers that may be broader in scope than the specific
indemnification provisions contained in Delaware law.
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CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
On September 10, 2018, we announced a commitment by our chief executive officer, Ernest Garcia III, to contribute shares of Carvana Co.
Class A common stock from his personal shareholdings to Carvana at no charge, intended to fund equity awards of 165 restricted stock units (or roughly
$10,000 at the time of the announcement) to each of our then-current employees upon their satisfying certain employment-tenure requirements. During the
year ended December 31, 2018, Carvana and Mr. Garcia entered into contribution agreements pursuant to which Mr. Garcia contributed approximately
0.2 million shares of Carvana Co. Class A common stock to Carvana, at no charge. We subsequently granted approximately 0.2 million restricted stock
units. Although we do not expect Mr. Garcia to incur any tax obligations related to these contributions, we have indemnified Mr. Garcia from any such
obligations that may arise.
RELATIONSHIP WITH DRIVETIME
Prior to November 1, 2014, Carvana, LLC was a wholly owned subsidiary of DriveTime. On November 1, 2014, DriveTime distributed the
units of Carvana, LLC to the unit holders of DriveTime on a pro rata basis, which we refer to as the “Spinoff.” DriveTime is controlled by our controlling
stockholder, Ernest Garcia II, who is also the father of our Chief Executive Officer, Ernest Garcia III. Following the Spinoff, the unitholders of DriveTime
contributed the Carvana, LLC units to Carvana Group.
Subsequent to the Spinoff, we entered into several agreements with DriveTime and affiliated companies that were intended to facilitate our
transition to a standalone company, which are described below, along with subsequent agreements. We will refer to DriveTime and its subsidiaries and
affiliates, other than us, as “DriveTime”. There can be no assurances that DriveTime or its affiliated companies will enter into any new agreements or
arrangements with us, or extend or renew existing agreements or arrangements, on the same terms, similar terms, or at all.
ATLANTA,GAHUBLOCATIONLEASEGUARANTEE
In May 2013, DriveTime guaranteed our obligations under the lease governing our occupancy of the property on which an Atlanta hub is
located. We do not compensate DriveTime for the guarantee. The initial lease term and rent payments commenced December 1, 2013, and the current term
expires on November 30, 2019. Under the lease we may enter into one more two-year extension term. Base rent during the initial term was $9.5 thousand
per month but may increase by 3% of the then-current base rent during each extension term. Monthly rent payments for January 1, 2018, through
November 30, 2018, were $10.4 thousand per month, and as of December 1, 2018, are $10.7 thousand per month through November 30, 2019. In addition to
base rent, we are responsible for our proportionate share of common area maintenance charges.
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LEASEAGREEMENT
In connection with the Spinoff, we entered into a lease agreement dated November 1, 2014, with DriveTime that governs our access to and
utilization of space at DriveTime inspection and reconditioning centers (“IRCs”) for vehicle inspection and reconditioning in Blue Mound, Texas, and
Delanco, New Jersey, and previously for inspection and reconditioning in Winder, Georgia. The lease agreement was most recently amended in December
2018. The agreement also governs utilization of office space and parking spaces at various IRCs and retail facilities that we use as hubs.
Under the amended lease agreement, hubs generally have cancellable two-year terms subject to certain two consecutive one-year renewal
options and subject to the terms of any master lease under which we are subleasing. We increased our utilization of the DriveTime IRCs in Blue Mound,
Texas, and Delanco, New Jersey, to 100% as of July 2018. Under the lease agreement, we pay a monthly rental fee related to our pro rata utilization of
space at such facilities plus a pro rata share of each facility’s actual insurance costs and real estate taxes. As it relates to locations where we recondition
vehicles, our share of facility and reconditioning-supplies expenses are calculated monthly by multiplying the actual costs for operating the inspection
centers by an amount related to our pro rata share of total reconditioned vehicles and parking spaces used at such IRCs in a given month. Total expenses
related to this lease agreement were approximately $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
HOUSTON,TXVENDINGMACHINELEASEGUARANTEE
On July 14, 2015, DriveTime guaranteed our obligations under the lease governing our occupancy of the property on which our Houston
vending machine is located. We do not compensate DriveTime for the guarantee. The initial lease term commenced January 8, 2016, and we began paying
base rent on May 7, 2016. Base rent during the initial term is $23.0 thousand per month, and the initial term expires on April 6, 2026. We have the option to
extend the initial term for four additional consecutive five-year periods. Base rent during each extension term will increase 10% of the then-current base
rent for each subsequent extension.
TEMPE,AZOFFICELEASE
In September 2016, we entered into an agreement to lease the second floor of our corporate headquarters in Tempe, Arizona beginning April
2017. Pursuant to this lease, we paid an initial monthly base rent of $107.0 thousand, which increases throughout the duration of the lease. The lease has an
initial term of 83 months and we have three 5-year extension options. At the request of the landlord, DriveTime agreed to partially guarantee our lease
payments until the 30th full calendar month of the lease. We do not compensate DriveTime for the guarantee.
In connection with this lease, we entered into a sublease with DriveTime for our use of the first floor of the same building. Under the sublease,
which is coterminous with DriveTime’s master lease and has a term of 83 months, subject to our right to exercise three 5-year extension options, we pay
DriveTime rent equal to the amounts due under the master lease, including initial monthly base rent of $102.0 thousand, beginning April 1, 2018, which
increases throughout the duration of the sublease and master lease. Total expenses related to this lease agreement were approximately $0.9 million for the
year ended December 31, 2018.
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TOLLESON,AZINSPECTIONANDRECONDITIONINGCENTERLEASE
In December 2016, we entered into a lease agreement with Verde Investments Inc. (“Verde”), an affiliate of DriveTime, for an IRC in Tolleson,
Arizona. The lease commenced in February, 2017. In August 2018, we entered into an additional lease agreement with a coterminous initial term with
Verde for contiguous space to use in connection with such center, which began that same month. The leases expire in December 2031 subject to our right to
extend for four 5-year terms. Pursuant to the leases, we pay an initial base rent of $137.5 thousand per month, which is adjusted each year beginning on
January 1, 2018, and $57.1 thousand per month, which is adjusted each year beginning on January 1, 2020, respectively, each in accordance with the
Consumer Price Index, subject to a minimum increase of 2% per year and a maximum increase of 5% per year. Total expense related to these lease
agreements was approximately $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
WINDER,GAINSPECTIONANDRECONDITIONINGCENTERLEASE
In February 2017, we entered into a lease with DriveTime for an IRC in Winder, Georgia where we have maintained partial occupancy
previously under the DriveTime lease agreement described above. We are now the sole occupant. The lease has an 8-year term, subject to our ability to
exercise three renewal option terms of five years each. We began paying base rent of $83.3 thousand per month as of March 1, 2017. The monthly rent is
subject to adjustment each year beginning January 1, 2018, increasing in an amount equal to the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index, with a
maximum of 5% and a minimum of 2%. The monthly rent increased on January 1, 2018, to $85.1 thousand. Our total expenses related to this lease
agreement were approximately $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
HUBLEASEAGREEMENT
In March 2017, we entered into a lease with DriveTime that governs our utilization of office space and parking spaces at retail facilities that we
use as hubs. The lease was most recently amended in December 2018. Under the lease agreement, we pay a monthly rental fee related to our pro rata
utilization of space at such facilities plus a pro rata share of each facility’s actual insurance costs and real estate taxes. Each hub has an initial cancellable
term of two years, subject to certain two consecutive one-year renewal options. Our total expenses related to this lease agreement were approximately
$0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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CLEVELAND,OHAREAINSPECTIONANDRECONDITIONINGCENTERSUBLEASE
In November 2018, Carvana entered into a sublease agreement with DriveTime for an inspection and reconditioning center near Cleveland,
Ohio. Pursuant to the sublease, Carvana temporarily shared space at the IRC until DriveTime vacated the facility in February 2019, at which point we
purchased certain leasehold improvements and equipment at the facility from DriveTime for approximately $4.3 million (which amount represented the
book value of such improvements and equipment net of accumulated depreciation and amortization) and became the sole occupant. We pay a base rent of
$35.0 thousand per month which increases in each extension term. The sublease has an initial term of three years. We have the ability to exercise three
renewal options of five years each. Before DriveTime vacated the property, we paid a monthly rental fee related to our pro rata utilization of space at the
facility plus a pro rata share of the facility’s actual insurance costs and real estate taxes. Our share of facility and shared reconditioning supplies expenses
were calculated based on the actual costs for operating the inspection and reconditioning center and our pro rata share of total reconditioned vehicles and
parking spaces at the IRC in a given month. Our total expenses related to this lease agreement were $29.4 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2018.
NASHVILLE,TNAREAINSPECTIONANDRECONDITIONINGCENTERLEASE
On February 28, 2019, Carvana assumed a lease from DriveTime of an IRC near Nashville, Tennessee. As part of the agreement, we agreed to
purchase certain leasehold improvements and equipment at the facility from DriveTime for approximately $2.0 million (which amount represented the book
value of such improvements and equipment net of accumulated depreciation and amortization). The term expires on October 31, 2023, subject to our ability
to exercise three renewal options of five years each. DriveTime will remain a partial occupant of the IRC until April 1, 2019 and will not be fully released
from lease obligations by the landlord. Beginning April 1, 2019, Carvana will be the sole occupant of the IRC. Base rent during the current term of the lease
is $21.0 thousand per month and will increase to between $30.0–$31.0 thousand per month in the second half of 2019, depending on the extent of Carvana’s
expansion of leased space, and will further increase during each extension term over the then-current base rent by an amount equal to the percentage
increase in the Consumer Price Index, with a maximum of 15% and a minimum of 10%.
SERVICINGAGREEMENTWITHDRIVETIME
In December 2015, we entered into a servicing agreement with DriveTime, wherein DriveTime agreed to perform certain servicing and
administrative functions with respect to automotive finance receivables we own after origination and before sale. In the year ended December 31, 2018,
DriveTime had aggregate earnings of approximately $0.9 million for performing servicing functions for such receivables.
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MASTERPURCHASEANDSALEAGREEMENT
In December 2016, we entered into a master purchase and sale agreement pursuant to which we sell finance receivables meeting certain
underwriting criteria to certain financing partners, including Ally Bank and Ally Financial (collectively, “Ally”). On November 3, 2017, we amended this
agreement to increase the aggregate amount of principal balances of finance receivables we can sell to $1.5 billion. We amended the agreement again on
November 2, 2018 to, among other things and subject to the terms of the agreement, increase the purchase commitment to up to a maximum of $1.25 billion
of additional principal balances of finance receivables during the remaining term of the agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we sold approximately $733.4 million in principal balances of finance receivables under the
purchase and sale agreement. As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $1.1 billion of unused capacity under this agreement. The agreement was
most recently amended on January 4, 2019.
The financing partners have engaged DriveTime as servicer of the receivables purchased under this agreement. DriveTime had aggregate
earnings of $3.1 million pursuant to the agreement for performing servicing functions for the year ended December 31, 2018.
MASTERTRANSFERAGREEMENTS
In December 2016, we entered into a master transfer agreement pursuant to which we sell finance receivables meeting certain underwriting
criteria to certain financing partners (the “2016 Master Transfer Agreement”). Under the agreement, the purchaser trust agreed to purchase up to an
aggregate of $292.2 million in principal balances of finance receivables. In November 2017, we terminated the remaining capacity under the 2016 Master
Transfer Agreement and replaced this facility by entering into a new master transfer agreement pursuant to which we sell finance receivables meeting
certain underwriting criteria to certain financing partners (the “2017 Master Transfer Agreement”). Under the agreement, the purchaser trust agreed to
purchase up to an aggregate of $357.1 million in principal balances of finance receivables.
On November 2, 2018, we amended the 2017 Master Transfer Agreement to, among other things and subject to the terms of the agreement,
increase and extend the trust’s commitment to purchase finance receivables from us. The trust’s currently available financing following the amendment
permits up to $454.5 million in principal balances of finance receivables to be purchased, and the 2017 Master Transfer Agreement’s purchase commitment
contemplates the trust securing up to three times the currently available financing in the aggregate.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we sold approximately $348.8 million in principal balances of finance receivables under the 2017
Master Transfer Agreement prior to the amendment in November, excluding those that were part of the refinancing transactions described below under
“Refinancing Transfer Agreements”. As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $454.5 million of unused capacity under 2017 Master Transfer
Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2017, Carvana sold an aggregate of approximately $163.7 million in principal balances of finance
receivables under the 2016 Master Transfer Agreement and 2017 Master Transfer Agreement.
The purchasers engaged Carvana as the administrator of the trust and DriveTime as servicer of the receivables. In the year ended December 31,
2018, we had aggregate earnings of $4.0 thousand for performing trust administrator functions for the purchasers and DriveTime had aggregate earnings of
$4.0 million for performing servicing functions.
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REFINANCINGTRANSFERAGREEMENTS
On August 6, 2018, in connection with a refinancing transaction, we purchased finance receivables we had previously sold under the 2017
Master Transfer Agreement and simultaneously entered into a transfer agreement with a purchaser trust under which the trust immediately purchased such
finance receivables from us. On December 21, 2018, in connection with another refinancing transaction, we purchased finance receivables we had
previously sold under the 2017 Master Transfer Agreement and simultaneously entered into another transfer agreement with a purchaser trust under which
the trust purchased such finance receivables and other finances receivables from us. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we sold approximately
$477.9 million in principal balances of finance receivables under these transfer agreements.
The trusts engaged Carvana as the administrator of the trust and DriveTime as servicer of the receivables. In the year ended December 31,
2018, we had aggregate earnings of $0.0 thousand for performing trust administrator functions for the purchasers and DriveTime had aggregate earnings of
$1.5 million for performing servicing functions.
MASTERDEALERAGREEMENT
In December 2016, we entered into a master dealer agreement with DriveTime. Pursuant to this agreement, we may sell vehicle service
contracts (“VSCs”) to customers purchasing a vehicle from us. We earn a commission on each VSC sold to our customers and DriveTime is obligated by
and subsequently administers the VSCs. We collect the retail purchase price of the VSCs from our customers and remit the purchase price net of
commission to DriveTime. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized approximately $23.7 million of commissions earned on VSCs sold to
our customers and administered by DriveTime, net of a reserve for estimated contract cancellations. On November 5, 2018 (effective October 1, 2018), we
amended the master dealer agreement to allow Carvana to receive payments for excess reserves based on the performance of the VSCs versus the reserves
held by the VSC administrator, once a required claims period for such VSCs has passed. During the year ended December 31, 2018, Carvana recognized
approximately $1.9 million related to payments for excess reserves to which it expects to be entitled.
Beginning in 2017, DriveTime also administers a portion of our GAP waiver coverage and the limited warranty provided to all customers under
the master dealer agreement. We pay a per-contract fee to DriveTime to administer a portion of the GAP waiver coverage we sell to our customers and a
per-vehicle fee to DriveTime to administer the limited warranty included with every purchase. We incurred costs of approximately $2.2 million during the
year ended December 31, 2018, related to the administration of GAP waiver coverage and limited warranty.
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IPLICENSEAGREEMENT
In February 2017, we entered into a license agreement that governs the rights of certain intellectual property owned by us and the rights of
certain intellectual property owned by DriveTime. The license agreement, which was amended and restated on April 14, 2017, generally provides that each
party grants to the other certain limited exclusive (other than with respect to the licensor party and its affiliates) and nonexclusive licenses to use certain of
its intellectual property, and each party agrees to certain covenants not to sue the other party, its affiliates and certain of its service providers in connection
with various patent claims. The exclusive license to DriveTime is limited to the business that is primarily of sub-prime used car sales to retail customers.
However, upon a change of control of either party, both parties’ license rights as to certain future improvements to licensed intellectual property and all
limited exclusivity rights are terminated. The agreement does not provide a license to any of our patents, trademarks, logos, customers’ personally
identifiable information or any intellectual property related to our vending machine, automated vehicle photography or certain other elements of our brand.
AIRCRAFTTIMESHARINGAGREEMENT
On October 22, 2015, we entered into an agreement, which was amended on May 15, 2017, to share usage of two aircraft operated by
DriveTime. Pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to reimburse DriveTime for actual expenses for each of our flights. The original term of the agreement
was for 12 months, with perpetual 12-month automatic renewals. Either the lessors or the lessees can terminate the lease with 30 days’ written notice. We
reimbursed DriveTime $0.5 million under this agreement during the year ended December 31, 2018.
UNSECUREDSENIORNOTES
In September 2018, we issued an aggregate of $350.0 million in senior unsecured notes due 2023. The senior notes accrue interest at a rate of
8.875% per annum, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year beginning April 1, 2019. Verde Investments, Inc., an
affiliate of DriveTime, purchased notes reflecting $25.0 million of outstanding principal and subsequently sold a portion. As of December 31, 2018, Verde
held $15.0 million of principal of the notes.
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of February 27, 2019, by:
• each person or group of affiliated persons known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock,
• each of our named executive officers,
• each of our directors, and
• all of our current executive officers and directors as a group.
We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of
beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Unless otherwise indicated below, it is our understanding that the persons and entities named in the table have
sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares that they beneficially own, subject to community property laws where applicable. In
computing the number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we deemed outstanding
shares of our common stock subject to options, Class B Units, or restricted stock units held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable
within 60 days of February 27, 2019. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any
other person. We have based the percentage ownership of our Class A common stock on 41,201,324 shares of our common stock outstanding as of
February 27, 2019, and have based the percentage ownership of our Class B common stock on 104,336,303 shares as of the same date. Unless otherwise
indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed on the table below is c/o Carvana Co., 1930 W Rio Salado Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85281.
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SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED
CLASS A COMMON STOCK (1) CLASS B COMMON STOCK (1)
NAME OF BENEFICIAL OWNER SHARES % SHARES % VOTING %
Ernest C. Garcia II c/o Verde Investments, Inc. 1,578,208(2) 4% 87,701,897(3) 84% 91%
Spruce House Investment Management LLC; Spruce House
Capital LLC; Spruce House Partnership LP; Zachary
Sternberg; Benjamin Stein 5,600,000(4) 14% — —% *
Melvin Capital Management LP; Melvin Capital Master
Fund Ltd 3,725,000(5) 9% — —% *
FMR LLC 3,591,784(6) 9% — —% *
The Vanguard Group 2,954,186(7) 7% — —% *
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC; Wilmot B. Harkey;
Daniel Mack 2,329,714(8) 5% — —% *
CAS Investment Partners, LLC; Sosin Partners, L.P.;
Clifford Sosin 2,194,504(9) 5% — —% *
Blackrock, Inc. 2,104,793(10) 5% — —% *
Executive Officers and Directors
Ernest Garcia, III 93,060(11) * 15,616,526(12) 15% 16%
Mark Jenkins 876,676(13) 2% — —% *
Benjamin Huston 916,676(14) 2% — —% *
Daniel Gill 468,253(15) 1% — —% *
Ryan Keeton 417,269(16) 1% — —% *
Ira Platt 173,786(17) * 130,612* *
Gregory Sullivan 20,619(18) * — —% *
Dan Quayle 20,619(18) * — —% *
Michael Maroone 71,619(19) * — —% *
All executive officers and directors (10 individuals) 3,203,895(20) 8% 15,747,138 15% 16%
(1) Each share of Class A common stock entitles the registered holder thereof to one vote on all matters presented to stockholders for a vote generally,
including the election of directors. Each share of our Class B common stock held by the Garcia Parties entitles its holder to ten votes on all matters to
be voted on by stockholders generally, including the election of directors, for so long as the Garcia Parties maintain, in the aggregate, direct or
indirect beneficial ownership of at least 25% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock (determined on an as-exchanged basis assuming that
all of the LLC Units were exchanged for Class A common stock). Each other share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all
matters to be voted on by stockholders generally, including the election of directors. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote as a
single class on all matters except as required by law or the certificate of incorporation. A “*” indicates percentages of less than 1%.
(2) This number includes 1,464,517 shares of our Class A common stock that Mr. Garcia II purchased through Verde Investments, Inc. (“Verde”), of
which Mr. Garcia II is the 100% owner. This number also includes 13,691 shares of our Class A common stock owned by the Ernest Irrevocable 2004
Trust III and 100,000 shares of our Class A common stock owned by the Ernest C. Garcia III Multi-Generational Trust III. While Ernest Garcia II is
the investment trustee over Ernest C. Garcia III Multi-Generational Trust III, the trust is irrevocable and he is not a beneficiary. While Ernest Garcia
II and Ernest Garcia III are the joint investment trustees over Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III, the trust is irrevocable and Mr. Garcia II is not a
beneficiary. Mr. Garcia III is the
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sole beneficiary of the Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III and Mr. Garcia III and his children are the beneficiaries of the Ernest C. Garcia III Multi-
Generational Trust III. This information is based on the Form 4 filed with the SEC by Mr. Garcia II on February 27, 2019. Verde’s and Mr. Garcia
II’s address is 1720 W. Rio Salado Parkway, Suite A, Tempe, AZ 85281.
(3) This number includes 52,937,458 shares of Class B common stock owned directly by Mr. Garcia II; 8,000,000 shares of Class B common stock
owned by ECG III SPE, of which Mr. Garcia II is the 100% owner; 2,860,439 shares of Class B common stock owned by DriveTime Sales and
Finance Company LLC. Mr. Garcia II is the chairman of the board of directors and largest stockholder of DriveTime, of which DriveTime Sales and
Finance Company LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary. This number also includes 11,952,000 shares of Class B common stock owned by the Ernest
Irrevocable 2004 Trust III, of which Mr. Garcia III is the sole beneficiary, and 11,952,000 shares of Class B common stock owned by the Ernest C.
Garcia III Multi-Generational Trust III, of which Mr. Garcia III is a beneficiary together with his children. While Ernest Garcia II is the investment
trustee over Ernest C. Garcia III Multi-Generational Trust III, the trust is irrevocable and he is not a beneficiary. While Ernest Garcia II and Ernest
Garcia III are the joint investment trustees over Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III, the trust is irrevocable and Mr. Garcia II is not a beneficiary. These
shares of Class B common stock together with the corresponding LLC Units may be exchanged for 87,701,897 shares of Class A common stock.
These shares of Class A common stock represent approximately 58% of the shares of Class A common stock that would be outstanding if all
outstanding LLC Units were exchanged and all outstanding shares of Class B common stock were converted at that time. This information is based on
the Form 4 filed with the SEC by Mr. Garcia II on February 27, 2019. Verde’s, ECG III SPE’s, and Mr. Garcia II’s address is 1720 W. Rio Salado
Parkway, Suite A, Tempe, AZ 85281.
(4) Spruce House Investment Management LLC; Spruce House Capital LLC; Spruce House Partnership LP; Zachary Sternberg and Benjamin Stein
report shared voting and dispositive power of 5,500,000 shares of Class A common stock. Zachary Sternberg and Benjamin Stein each report sole
voting and dispositive power of 50,000 shares of Class A common stock. Spruce House Partnership LP holds the 5,500,000 shares with shared voting
and dispositive power and Spruce House Capital LLC serves as the general partner and Spruce House Investment Management LLC serves as the
investment manager. Zachary Sternberg and Benjamin Stein each serve as a managing member of the Spruce House Capital LLC and the Spruce
House Investment Management LLC. This information is based on the Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 14, 2019. The address for
each of these reporting persons is 435 Hudson Street, 8th Floor New York, NY 10014.
(5) Melvin Capital Management LP is the investment manager of Melvin Capital Master Fund Ltd. Melvin Capital Management LP reports shared voting
and dispositive power of 3,725,000 shares of Class A common stock. The number of shares reported above consists of 1,606,827 shares of Class A
common stock and call options exercisable into 861,600 shares of Class A common stock held by Melvin Capital Master Fund Ltd; 300,909 shares of
Class A common stock and call options exercisable into 161,200 shares of Class A common stock held by Melvin Capital Onshore LP; and 517,264
shares of Class A common stock and call options exercisable into 277,200 shares of Class A common stock held by one or more managed accounts.
Melvin Capital Management LP, as the investment manager to these funds and accounts, may be deemed to beneficially own the 2,425,000 shares of
Common Stock and the call options exercisable into 1,300,000 shares of Class A common stock held by them. This information is based on the
Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 15, 2019. The address for each of these reporting persons is 527 Madison Avenue, 25th Floor, New
York, NY 10022.
(6) FMR LLC reports sole power to dispose or direct the disposition of 3,591,784 shares of Class A common stock. This information is based on the
Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2019. FMR LLC’s address is 245 Summer Street, Boston, MA 02210.
(7) The Vanguard Group reports shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of 63,700 of these shares of Class A common stock. This information is
based on the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 11, 2019. The Vanguard Group’s address is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355.
(8) Wilmot B. Harkey and Daniel Mack are the managing members of Nantahala Capital Management, LLC and together report shared voting and
dispositive power with respect to these shares. This number of shares includes call options exercisable into 1,450,000 shares of Class A common
stock. This information is based on the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2019. The address for each of these reporting persons is 19
Old Kings Highway S, Suite 200 Darien, CT 06820.
(9) CAS Investment Partners, LLC, Sosin Partners, L.P., and Clifford Sosin report shared voting and dispositive power with respect to 2,167,766 of these
shares and Mr. Sosin reports sole voting and dispositive power with respect to 26,738 of these shares. Sosin Partners, L.P. owns an aggregate of
2,167,766 shares of Class A common stock and CAS Investment Partners, LLC,
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is the investment manager of the fund. As a result, CAS Investment Partners, LLC, possesses the power to vote and dispose or direct the disposition of
all the shares owned by the fund. Thus, CAS Investment Partners, LLC, may be deemed to beneficially own a total of 2,167,766 shares. Mr. Sosin is
the managing member of CAS Investment Partners, LLC. As a result, Mr. Sosin possesses the power to vote and dispose or direct the disposition of
all the shares beneficially owned by CAS Investment Partners, LLC as investment manager of Sosin Partners, L.P. Mr. Sosin disclaims beneficial
ownership of any of the shares held by Sosin Partners, L.P. This information is based on the Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 14,
2019. The address for each of these reporting persons is 8 Wright Street, 1st FL Westport, CT 06880.
(10) Blackrock, Inc. reports sole power to dispose or direct the disposition of these shares of Class A common stock. This information is based on the
Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 8, 2019. Blackrock, Inc.’s address is 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055.
(11) This number includes 71,875 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Ernest Garcia III, and 13,691 shares of our Class A common stock
owned by the Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III. While Ernest Garcia II and Ernest Garcia III are the investment trustees over Ernest Irrevocable 2004
Trust III, the trust is irrevocable and Mr. Garcia II is not a beneficiary. Mr. Garcia III is the sole beneficiary of the Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III.
This number also includes 3,997 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that vest on April 1, 2019, and 3,497 shares of
Class A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units that vest on April 1, 2019, inclusive of shares to be withheld
for tax purposes. This number excludes 14,572 shares of Class A common stock underlying performance-based RSUs that are subject to vesting on
the date that performance objectives are achieved, so long as it is achieved prior to April 27, 2027.
(12) This number includes 3,664,526 shares of Class B common stock owned directly by Mr. Garcia III, and 11,952,000 shares of Class B common stock
owned by the Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III, of which Mr. Garcia III is the sole beneficiary. While Ernest Garcia II and Ernest Garcia III are the
investment trustees over Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III, the trust is irrevocable and Mr. Garcia II is not a beneficiary. Mr. Garcia III is the sole
beneficiary of the Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III. These shares of Class B common stock together with the corresponding LLC Units may be
exchanged for 15,616,526 shares of Class A common stock. These shares of Class A common stock represent approximately 10% of the shares of
Class A common stock that would be outstanding if all outstanding LLC Units were exchanged and all outstanding shares of Class B common stock
were converted at that time.
(13) This number includes 120 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Mr. Jenkins; 869,531 shares of Class A common stock issuable in
exchange for vested Class B Units including those that will be vested within 60 days of February 27, 2019, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per
share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 27, 2019); 3,747 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the
exercise of options that vest on April 1, 2019; and 3,278 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock
units that vest on April 1, 2019, inclusive of shares to be withheld for tax purposes. This number excludes 13,662 shares of Class A common stock
underlying performance-based RSUs that are subject to vesting on the date that performance objectives are achieved, so long as it is achieved prior to
April 27, 2027.
(14) This number includes 120 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Mr. Huston; 909,531 shares of Class A common stock issuable in
exchange for vested Class B Units including those that will be vested within 60 days of February 27, 2019, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per
share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 27, 2019); 3,747 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the
exercise of options that vest on April 1, 2019; and 3,278 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock
units that vest on April 1, 2019, inclusive of shares to be withheld for tax purposes. This number excludes 13,662 shares of Class A common stock
underlying performance-based RSUs that are subject to vesting on the date that performance objectives are achieved, so long as it is achieved prior to
April 27, 2027.
(15) This number includes 120 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Mr. Gill; 461,950 shares of Class A common stock issuable in
exchange for vested Class B Units including those that will be vested within 60 days of February 27, 2019, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per
share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 27, 2019); 3,298 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the
exercise of options that vest on April 1, 2019; and 2,885 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock
units that vest on April 1, 2019, inclusive of shares to be withheld for tax purposes. This number excludes 12,022 shares of Class A common stock
underlying performance-based RSUs that are subject to vesting on the date that performance objectives are achieved, so long as it is achieved prior to
April 27, 2027.
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(16) This number includes 6,120 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Mr. Keeton; 404,966 shares of Class A common stock issuable in
exchange for vested Class B Units including those that will be vested within 60 days of February 27, 2019, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per
share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 27, 2019); 3,298 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the
exercise of options that vest on April 1, 2019; and 2,885 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock
units that vest on April 1, 2019, inclusive of shares to be withheld for tax purposes. This number excludes 12,022 shares of Class A common stock
underlying performance-based RSUs that are subject to vesting on the date that performance objectives are achieved, so long as it is achieved prior to
April 27, 2027.
(17) This number includes 20,000 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Mr. Platt and 2,500 shares of Class A common stock held directly
and jointly by Mr. Platt’s parents. This number also includes 130,667 shares of Class A common stock issuable in exchange for vested Class B Units
including those that will be vested within 60 days of February 27, 2019, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per share (the closing price of our
Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 27, 2019); 10,309 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vested on April 27,
2018; and 10,310 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vest on April 27, 2019. This number excludes 130,612 shares of Class A
common stock issuable in exchange for Class B common stock and LLC Units held by Mr. Platt and his dependent son, based on an assumed price of
$41.82 per share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 27, 2019). These shares of Class A common stock
represent less than 1% of the shares of Class A common stock that would be outstanding if all outstanding LLC Units were exchanged and all
outstanding shares of Class B common stock were converted at that time.
(18) This number includes 10,309 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vested on April 27, 2018, and 10,310 options to purchase
shares of Class A common stock that vest on April 27, 2019.
(19) This number includes 30,000 shares of Class A common stock owned directly by Mr. Maroone, 1,000 shares of Class A common stock held directly
by the Maroone Family Partnership, LP, an entity controlled by Mr. Maroone that Mr. Maroone disclaims beneficial ownership of except to the extent
of his pecuniary interest therein, and 20,000 shares of Class A common stock held directly by the Michael Maroone Family Partnership, LP, an entity
controlled by Mr. Maroone. This number also includes 10,309 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vested on April 27, 2018, and
10,310 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vest on April 27, 2019.
(20) This number includes 2,915,780 shares of Class A common stock issuable in exchange for vested Class B Units including those that will be vested
within 60 days of February 27, 2019, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE on
February 27, 2019); 41,236 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vested on April 27, 2018; 41,240 options to purchase shares of
Class A common stock that vest on April 27, 2019; 21,385 options to purchase shares of Class A common stock that vest on April 1, 2019; and
18,708 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units that vest on April 1, 2019, inclusive of
shares to be withheld for tax purposes. This number excludes 15,747,138 shares of Class A common stock issuable in exchange for LLC Units held
by our executive officers and directors, based on an assumed price of $41.82 per share (the closing price of our Class A common stock on the NYSE
on February 27, 2019). These shares of Class A common stock represent approximately 10% of the shares of Class A common stock that would be
outstanding if all outstanding LLC Units were exchanged and all outstanding shares of Class B common stock were converted at that time.
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ITEM 2 – RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Audit Committee has appointed Grant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending
December 31, 2019. Services provided to Carvana and its subsidiaries by Grant Thornton LLP for the year ended December 31, 2018 are described below
and under “Audit Committee Report.”
FEES AND SERVICES
The following table summarizes the aggregate fees for professional audit services and other services rendered by Grant Thornton LLP for the
years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
SERVICES 2018 2017
Audit Fees $1,524,986(1) $1,061,451(3)
Audit-Related Fees $ — $ —
Tax Fees $ 349,220(2) $ 110,489
All Other Fees $ — $ —
(1) Includes the aggregate fees for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and internal controls, and the reviews of each of our quarterly
consolidated financial statements. These fees also include procedures performed related to our follow-on offering completed in April 2018,
registration of shares on Form S-3 in May and December 2018, and the issuance of our senior notes in September 2018.
(2) Includes the aggregate fees for tax return preparation and other tax compliance services.
(3) Includes $475,782 in fees related to our initial public offering in April 2017 that were reported in “All Other Fees” in our proxy statement prepared in
connection with our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders.
In considering the nature of the services provided by the independent auditor, the Audit Committee determined that such services are
compatible with the provision of independent audit services. The Audit Committee discussed these services with the independent auditor and Carvana
management to determine that they are permitted under the rules and regulations concerning auditor independence promulgated by the SEC to implement
the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, as well as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
The Audit Committee has adopted a policy that requires advance approval of all audit services as well as non-audit services to the extent
required by the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. Unless the specific service has been previously pre-approved with respect to that year,
the Audit Committee must approve the permitted service before the independent auditor is engaged to perform it.
The Audit Committee approved all services provided by Grant Thornton LLP. Representatives of Grant Thornton LLP are expected to be
present at the annual meeting. They will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so, and we expect that they will be available to
respond to questions.
- 54 -
Table of Contents
Ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP requires affirmative votes from the holders of a majority of the shares present in person
or represented by proxy at the annual meeting and entitled to vote. If Carvana’s stockholders do not ratify the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP, the
Audit Committee will reconsider the appointment and may affirm the appointment or retain another independent accounting firm. Even if the appointment
is ratified, the Audit Committee may in the future replace Grant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm if it is determined that
it is in Carvana’s best interests to do so.
The Audit Committee and the Board of Directors recommend that you vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as
the independent registered public accounting firm of Carvana for the year ending December 31, 2019.
- 55 -
Table of Contents
A UDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
The Audit Committee oversees our financial reporting process on behalf of the Board. The Audit Committee is composed of three independent
directors (as defined by the New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards), met nine times in 2018, and operates under a written charter, which is posted on
our website at investors.carvana.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents. As provided in the charter, the Audit Committee’s oversight
responsibilities include monitoring the integrity of our financial statements (including reviewing financial information, the systems of internal controls, the
audit process, and the independence and performance of our internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm) and our compliance
with legal and regulatory requirements. However, management has the primary responsibility for the financial statements and the reporting process,
including our systems of internal controls. In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, the Audit Committee
• reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, with our management;
• discussed with our independent auditors, Grant Thornton LLP, the matters required to be discussed by Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard No. 1301 (Communications with Audit Committees); and
• received the written disclosures and the letter from Grant Thornton LLP required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Grant
Thornton LLP’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence, and has discussed with Grant Thornton LLP the
independence of Grant Thornton LLP.
Based on the Audit Committee’s review and discussions noted above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the
audited financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Respectfully submitted by:
Ira Platt
Gregory Sullivan
Michael Maroone
- 56 -
Table of Contents
ITEM 3 – SAY ON PAY
We are asking stockholders to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in the
“Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” the “Summary Compensation Table,” and the related compensation tables and narrative. This item is being
presented pursuant to Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Although this advisory vote is not binding, the Compensation and Nominating
Committee will consider the voting results when evaluating our executive compensation program.
Our executive compensation programs are designed to support our long-term success and reflect our pay-for-performance culture. Our company
has grown dramatically over the years. Our growth has few historical precedents and makes us one of the fastest-growing technology, consumer, or retail
companies at our scale, and in 2018 we continued to grow rapidly, with another year of triple-digit unit and revenue growth while simultaneously making
significant progress in gross profit per unit and accelerating our operating leverage. We have a strong belief in promoting a pay-for-performance culture,
and, accordingly, as described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” of this proxy statement, the Compensation and Nominating Committee has
set challenging performance targets based not on last year’s achievements but continued rapid growth, and has structured our executive compensation
program to tie total compensation to long-term stockholder value, as reflected primarily in our stock price. We believe that our executive compensation
plans effectively support our strategic and financial goals, create a culture of teamwork, and are directly tied to the performance of the company and
shareholder outcomes.
The Board recommends a vote “FOR” approval, on an advisory basis, of our executive compensation as described in this proxy statement.
ITEM 4 – SAY ON PAY FREQUENCY
Pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, we are asking stockholders to cast an advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on
executive compensation. Stockholders may specify whether they prefer such votes to occur every year, every two years, or every three years, or they may
abstain. The Board recommends that this vote occur every year.
Although the stockholders’ vote on this proposal is not binding, the Board will consider the voting results in determining the frequency of
future advisory votes. Notwithstanding the Board’s recommendation and the outcome of the stockholder vote, the Board may in the future decide to conduct
advisory votes on a more or less frequent basis and may vary its practice based on factors such as discussions with stockholders and the adoption of material
changes to compensation programs.
The Board recommends stockholders vote, on an advisory basis, to conduct future advisory votes on executive compensation every “ONE YEAR.”
- 57 -
Table of Contents
OTHER MATTERS
We are not aware of any matters other than those discussed in the foregoing materials contemplated for action at the annual meeting. The
persons named in the proxy card will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the Board on any other matters incidental to the conduct of, or
otherwise properly brought before, the annual meeting. The proxy card contains discretionary authority for them to do so.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The “Audit Committee Report” included in this proxy statement shall not be deemed soliciting material or filed with the SEC and shall not be
deemed incorporated by reference into any prior or future filings made by us under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we
specifically incorporate such information by reference. In addition, this document includes website addresses, which are intended to provide inactive,
textual references only. The information on these websites is not part of this document.
AVAILABILITY OF SEC FILINGS, CODE OF CONDUCT, AND COMMITTEE CHARTERS
Copies of our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, all amendments to those reports filed with the SEC, our code of business conduct, corporate
governance guidelines, the charters of the Audit Committee and Compensation and Nominating Committee, and any reports of beneficial ownership of our
common stock filed by executive officers, directors and beneficial owners of more than 10% of our outstanding common stock are posted on and may be
obtained through our website, investors.carvana.com, or may be requested in print, at no cost, by email at investors@carvana.com or by mail to Carvana
Co., 1930 W. Rio Salado Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85281, Attention: Investor Relations.
WHERE TO FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and in accordance therewith, we file annual, quarterly, and current
reports and other information with the SEC. This information can be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room at the SEC’s office at 100 F Street,
N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Such
information may also be accessed electronically by means of the SEC’s home page on the internet at www.sec.gov. We are an electronic filer, and the SEC
maintains an internet site at www.sec.gov that contains the reports and other information we file electronically. Our website address is
investors.carvana.com. Please note that our website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. We make available free of charge, through our
website, our annual report on Form 10-K, as amended, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as
soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information provided on or accessible through
our website is not part of this proxy statement.
- 58 -
Table of Contents
COST OF PROXY SOLICITATION
Carvana is paying the expenses of this solicitation. Carvana will also make arrangements with brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees
and fiduciaries to forward proxy materials to beneficial owners of stock held as of the record date by such persons, and Carvana will reimburse such persons
for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in forwarding such proxy materials. In addition to solicitation by mail, directors, officers, and other employees
of Carvana may solicit proxies in person or by telephone, facsimile, email, or other similar means.
- 59 -
Table of Contents
100K MILESTONE GIFT
ANNEX
On September 10, 2018, we announced a commitment by our chief executive officer, Ernest Garcia III, to contribute 165 shares of Class A
common stock to us from his personal shareholdings for every one of our then-existing employees upon their satisfying certain employment tenure
requirements. In connection with these contributions, we have made corresponding grants of 165 restricted stock units under our 2017 Omnibus Incentive
Plan to each employee who has satisfied the requirements and intend to make grants to the remaining then-existing employees as they satisfy the
requirements (the “100k Milestone Gift” or “Gift”). Under U.S. GAAP, the 100k Milestone Gift is treated as compensation expense, a portion of which
relates to the production of our used vehicle inventory and is therefore capitalized to inventory and subsequently recognized within costs of sales when the
related inventory is sold.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
To supplement the consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we also present the
following non-GAAP measures: gross profit ex-Gift, gross profit per unit ex-Gift, EBITDA ex-Gift, and EBITDA margin ex-Gift. We believe the
presentation of both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with increased transparency into financial measures used by our
management team, and it also improves investors’ understanding of our underlying operating performance and their ability to analyze our ongoing operating
trends. All historic non-GAAP financial measures have been reconciled with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
GROSSPROFITEX-GIFTANDGROSSPROFITPERUNITEX-GIFT
Gross profit ex-Gift and gross profit per unit ex-Gift are non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance that do not represent and
should not be considered an alternative to gross profit, as determined by GAAP. Gross profit ex-Gift is defined as gross profit before compensation expense
related to the 100k Milestone Gift included in cost of sales. Gross profit per Unit ex-Gift is Gross Profit ex-Gift divided by units sold. We use Gross Profit
ex-Gift to measure the operating performance of our business and Gross Profit per Unit ex-Gift to measure our operating performance relative to our units
sold. We believe that Gross Profit ex-Gift and Gross Profit per Unit ex-Gift are useful measures to us and to our investors because they exclude the expense
associated with the 100k Milestone Gift recognized in cost of sales. We expect the 100k Milestone Gift to be a one-time award program for which we will
recognize varying amounts of expense beginning in the second half of 2018 and continuing through the first half of 2020, and therefore we believe the
related expense does not reflect our core operations, is not included in our past operations, and may not be indicative of our future operations. Additionally,
the shares issued to settle the 100k Milestone Gift are offset by share contributions from Mr. Garcia to Carvana, therefore we expect the impact on shares
outstanding to be nearly zero. We believe that excluding it enables us to more effectively evaluate our performance period-over-period and relative to our
competitors.
- 60 -
Table of Contents
A reconciliation of the gross profit ex-Gift amounts to each corresponding gross profit amount, which are the most directly comparable GAAP
measures and include expenses attributable to the 100k Milestone Gift, and calculations of each gross profit per unit ex-Gift amount are as follows (dollars
in thousands, except per unit amounts):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2018 2017 2016
Used vehicle gross profit $ 94,319 $32,806 $ 5,944
100k Milestone Gift in used vehicle cost of sales 3,870 — —
Used vehicle gross profit ex-Gift $ 98,189 $32,806 $ 5,944
Used vehicle unit sales 94,108 44,252 18,761
Used vehicle gross profit per unit ex-Gift $ 1,043 $ 741 $ 317
Wholesale vehicle gross profit $ 5,552 $ 1,845 $ 257
100k Milestone Gift in wholesale vehicle cost of sales 133 — —
Wholesale vehicle gross profit ex-Gift $ 5,685 $ 1,845 $ 257
Wholesale vehicle unit sales 15,125 6,509 2,651
Wholesale vehicle gross profit per unit ex-Gift $ 376 $ 283 $ 97
Total gross profit $196,709 $68,091 $19,197
100k Milestone Gift in total cost of sales 4,003 — —
Total gross profit ex-Gift $200,712 $68,091 $19,197
Used vehicle unit sales 94,108 44,252 18,761
Total gross profit per unit ex-Gift $ 2,133 $ 1,539 $ 1,023
EBITDAEX-GIFTANDEBITDAMARGINEX-GIFT
EBITDA ex-Gift and EBITDA margin ex-Gift are non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance that do not represent and
should not be considered an alternative to net loss or cash flow from operations, as determined by GAAP. EBITDA ex-Gift is defined as net loss before
interest expense,
- 61 -
Table of Contents
income tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and the compensation expense related to the 100k Milestone Gift. EBITDA margin ex-Gift is
EBITDA ex-Gift as a percentage of total revenues. We use EBITDA ex-Gift to measure the operating performance of our business and EBITDA Margin
ex-Gift to measure our operating performance relative to our total revenues. We believe that EBITDA ex-Gift and EBITDA margin ex-Gift are useful
measures to us and to our investors because they exclude certain financial and capital structure items and the expense associated with the 100k Milestone
Gift that we do not believe directly reflect our core operations and may not be indicative of our recurring operations, in part because they may vary widely
across time and within our industry independent of the performance of our core operations. In particular, we expect the 100k Milestone Gift to be a
one-time award program for which we will recognize varying amounts of expense beginning in the second half of 2018 and continuing through the first half
of 2020, and therefore we believe the related expense does not reflect our core operations, is not included in our past operations, and may not be indicative
of our future operations. Additionally, the shares issued to settle the 100k Milestone Gift are offset by share contributions from Mr. Garcia to Carvana;
therefore, we expect the impact on shares outstanding to be nearly zero. We believe that excluding these items enables us to more effectively evaluate our
performance period-over-period and relative to our competitors. EBITDA ex-Gift and EBITDA margin ex-Gift may not be comparable to similarly titled
measures provided by other companies due to potential differences in methods of calculations. A reconciliation of EBITDA ex-Gift to net loss which
includes 100k Milestone Gift expense and is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, and calculation of EBITDA margin ex-Gift is as follows (dollars
in thousands):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Net loss $(254,745) $(164,316) $(93,112) $(36,780) $(15,238)
Depreciation and amortization expense 23,539 11,568 4,658 2,800 1,706
Interest expense 25,018 7,659 3,587 1,412 108
100k Milestone Gift 11,821 — — — —
EBITDA ex-Gift $(194,367) $(145,089) $(84,867) $(32,568) $(13,424)
Total revenues $1,955,467 $858,870 $365,148 $130,392 $41,679
Net Loss Margin (13.0)% (19.1)% (25.5)% (28.2)% (36.6)%
EBITDA Margin ex-Gift (9.9)% (16.9)% (23.2)% (25.0)% (32.2)%
- 62 -
ANNUAL MEETING OF CARVANA CO. Annual Meeting of Carvana Co. Date: April, 23, 2019 to be held on Tuesday, April 23, 2019 Time: 8:00 A.M (Pacific Daylight Time) for Holders as of February 25, 2019 Place: 3419 East University Drive, Phoenix, AZ 85034 This proxy is being solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors Please make your marks like this: Use dark black pencil or pen only The Board of Directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the directors in item 1; . VOTE BY: INTERNET TELEPHONE “FOR” items 2 and 3; and “ONE YEAR” for item 4. Call provided Go www To .proxypush.com/CVNA 866-509-2149 1: election of directors; • Cast your vote online. OR • Use any touch-tone telephone. View Meeting • Have your Proxy Card/Voting Instruction Form ready. Directors • Documents. Recommend • Follow the simple recorded instructions. For Withhold envelope MAIL 01 J. Danforth Quayle Forthe OR • Mark, sign and date your Proxy Card/Voting Instruction Form. 02 Gregory Sullivan For in • Detach your Proxy Card/Voting Instruction Form. • Return your Proxy Card/Voting Instruction Form in the For Against Abstain portion postage-paid envelope provided. 2: ratification of the appointment of Grant For Thornton LLP as Carvana’s independent this The undersigned hereby appoints Paul Breaux and Jonathan Allred, and each or either of them, as the true and registered public accounting firm for the lawful attorneys of the undersigned, with full power of substitution and revocation, and authorizes them, and each of year ending December 31, 2019; just them, to vote all the shares of capital stock of Carvana Co. which the undersigned is entitled to vote at said meeting and any adjournment thereof upon the matters specified and upon such other matters as may be properly brought 3: approval, executive by compensation an advisory (i vote, .e., “say of Carvana’s -on-pay” For before the meeting or any adjournment thereof, conferring authority upon such true and lawful attorneys to vote in return their
discretion on such other matters as may properly come before the meeting and revoking any proxy heretofore proposal) given. 1 year 2 years 3 years Abstain and THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED AS DIRECTED OR, IF NO DIRECTION IS 4: recommendation, by an advisory vote, of the One Year frequency of future advisory votes on GIVEN, SHARES WILL BE VOTED FOR THE ELECTION OF THE DIRECTORS IN ITEM 1; FOR THE PROPOSALS executive compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay IN ITEMS 2 AND 3; and “ONE YEAR” FOR ITEM 4. frequency”) perforation 5: other business as may properly come before the the meeting or any adjournment of the meeting.at PROXY TABULATOR FOR CARVANA CO. carefully P.O. BOX 8016 separate CARY, NC 27512-9903 Please Authorized Signatures—This section must be completed for your Instructions to be executed. Please Sign Here Please Date Here Please Sign Here Please Date Here Please sign exactly as your name(s) appears on your stock certificate. If held in joint tenancy, all persons should sign. Trustees, administrators, etc., should include title and authority. Corporations should provide full name of corporation and title of authorized officer signing the proxy.
Table of Contents
Proxy — Carvana Co. Annual Meeting of Stockholders Tuesday, April 23, 2019, 8:00 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time This Proxy is Solicited on Behalf of the Board of Directors The undersigned appoints Paul Breaux and Jonathan Allred (the “Named Proxies”) and each of them as proxies for the undersigned, with full power of substitution, to vote the shares of common stock of Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (“the Company”) the undersigned is entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company to be held at the 3419 East University Drive, Phoenix, AZ 85034 on Tuesday, April 23 at 8:00 a.m. (PDT) and all adjournments thereof. Please The purpose of the Annual Meeting is to take action on the following: 1. to elect two nominees identified in the accompanying proxy statement to serve as directors, as recommended by the Compensation and Nominating separate Committee of the board of directors of Carvana; 2. to ratify the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as Carvana’s independent carefully registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2019; at 3. to consider the approval, by an advisory vote, of Carvana’s executive the compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay” proposal) 4. to recommend, by an advisory vote, the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation (i.e., “say-on-pay frequency”) perforation 5. to transact other business as may properly come before the meeting or any and adjournment of the meeting. return The two directors up for re-election are: J. Danforth Quayle and Gregory Sullivan. just The Board of Directors of the Company recommends a vote “FOR” all nominees for director, “FOR” proposals 2 and 3, and a vote of “1 Year” for proposal 4. this This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed portion herein. If no direction is made, this proxy will be voted “FOR” all nominees for director. In their discretion, the Named Proxies are authorized to vote in upon such other matters that may properly come before the Annual Meeting the or any
adjournment or postponement thereof. You are encouraged to specify your choice by marking the appropriate box envelope (SEE REVERSE SIDE) but you need not mark any box if you wish to vote in accordance with the Board of Directors’ recommendation. The Named provided Proxies cannot vote your shares unless you sign and return this card. . To attend the meeting and vote your shares in person, please mark this box.
Table of Contents
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025527.txt,"please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025527
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023675.txt,"RLK: First of all, we have to understand it in context.
There are twenty-one different clauses in this
Constitutional Amendment, and the whole point of it is to
strengthen the governance system of China. Now China is a
party-state system where the party controls the state.
Everyone is focusing on the abolition of term limits, and it
is important, but we need to understand the context within
this party-state system. In October of 2016, Xi Jinping was
made “Core” of the Party, which meant the collective
leadership of the past was no longer operative; that X was,
in essence, for the Party, the decision maker. Then just this
last October at the 19th CPC National Congress, his name
was put into the Party Constitution as “Xi Jinping Thought
on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New
Era,”... it’s a big phrase.

RLK: But what it means is that Xi is the arbiter of Marxism

and party theory. That means in terms of being the Core ot
the Party and the interpreter of Marxism that gives him
ultimate power. He doesn’t even need a formal position when
has those two and the Party continues to run the country.

HOST: Is that a good thing? How can it be a good thing for
the country when one person has the ultimate power?

RLK: There are two issues. One is how it happened: Now
the abolition of presidential term limits coordinates with the
Party and military, together the three largest positions. So
they’re now coordinated because he already had that power
in the Party and the military.

- via Skype

ei—BAm labs
he TOMS RART RAS HAS

Robert Lawrence Kuhn | Author, ""How China's Leaders Think"" 33 am amt
CNN NEWSROOM

WES t=84 PHAR

PARLIAMENT VOTES TO END PRESIDENTIAL TERM LIMITS

9:33 AM CET

CNN NEWSROOM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023675
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017768.txt,"4/15/2019 aca 1°19-cvy-0232 Arn Pearsnqwizaays he's stil adwising) Jeff ey /ApsteirtP Anes 9 of 4

Alan Dershowitz says he's still advising Jeffrey Epstein

Alan Dershowitz still provides legal advice to serial pedophile Jeffrey Epstein, he confirmed to Axios.

What he's saying: ""He has called me a couple of times about legal issues, because I'm still technically
his lawyer,” Dershowitz told me in a phone interview on Saturday. ""But I haven't had any social, or any

other kind of contact. ... You never stop being a person's lawyer.""

Background: Dershowitz helped Epstein get a sweetheart plea deal from then-U.S. Attorney

Alexander Acosta (now Donald Trump's labor secretary and a rumored long-shot contender for attorney

general).

¢ A bombshell Miami Herald investigative series last week highlighted for the first time the extent of

Epstein's alleged crimes and the soft treatment he received from federal prosecutors.

¢ The Palm Beach multimillionaire would ""serve just 13 months in the county jail, but the deal —
called a non-prosecution agreement — essentially shut down an ongoing FBI probe into whether
there were more victims and other powerful people who took part in Epstein’s sex crimes,""
according to a Miami Herald examination of thousands of emails, court documents and FBI

records.

https:/Awww.axios.com/alan-dershowitz-jeffrey-epstein-legal-advice-1a13ad59-a718-46c9-981 3-11231604a387.html 1/3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017768
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020735.txt,"#15

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020735
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015379.txt,"Remembering George Carlin

George Carlin died in June 2008. He was a generous friend. When |
performed in Los Angeles, he sent a limousine to pick me up at the airport,
and | stayed at his home. And such a sweet man. When | opened for him
at the Warner-Grand Theater in San Pedro, we were hanging around in his
dressing room, where he was nibbling from a vegetable plate. | watched as
he continued to be genuinely gracious with every fan who stopped by. If
they wanted his autograph, he would gladly sign his name. If they wanted
to be photographed with him, he would assume the pose. If they wanted
to have a little chat, he indulged them with congeniality.

| said, “You really show respect for everybody.”

“Well,” he responded, “that's just the way / would want to be
treated.”

As a performer, Carlin was uncompromising, knowing that his
audience trusted him not to be afraid of offending them. In fact, he was
excited by that possibility. The day before one of his live HBO specials, he
called and told me to be sure and watch it, because he would devote the

first ten minutes of his performance to the subject of abortion.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015379
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030973.txt,"million to someone. Rybolovlev might have, in effect, paid himself for the house, thereby
cleansing the money. Epstein, on his part, would spend 12 months in jail on a prostitution
charge.
After the election, when Bannon was introduced to Epstein, Bannon told him, “You were
the one person I was truly afraid of coming forward during the campaign.”

“And rightly so,” said Epstein.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030973
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025533.txt,"From: Sean Bannon

Sent: 3/11/2018 8:08:31 PM

To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

cc: Steve Bannon

Subject: Re: Filed: German Media Confess to Underestimating Steve Bannon; He Is ‘As Dangerous as Ever’

Importance: — High
Roger that. Thanks for having us today.
Sent from my iPhone

On Mar 11, 2018, at 9:03 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Unfortunately I just spoke to one of the country leaders that we discussed, , I will fly there tomorw night

now and then to new york wednesday night. sorry. will be in new york thurs and friday. we should lay
outa strategy plan.. how much fun... travel safe.
On Sun, Mar 11, 2018 at 8:47 PM, Steve Bannon (wrote:

Pretty powerful

On Mar 11, 2018, at 8:42 PM, jeffrey E. <Jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

luv it

On Sun, Mar 11, 2018 at 8:39 PM, Steve Bannon <g> wrote:
Germans get it

Begin forwarded message:

Resent-From:

From: ""Thomas D. Williams"" <a
Date: March 11, 2018 at 5:13:03 PM GMT+1
, eee Oliver Lane

To: Raheem Kassam

, Alexander Marlow >, Frances Martel

>, Adrienne Ross {is >
Subject: Filed: German Media Confess to Underestimating Steve Bannon; He Is ‘As Dangerous as
Ever’

German Media Confess to
Underestimating Steve
Bannon; He Is ‘As Dangerous
as Ever’

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025533
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023661.txt,"From: TS (a

Sent: 9/13/2017 5:31:25 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
im in my car at your door .. can i ring or 2 sharp?
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 13, 2017, at 4:07 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Wed at 2?

On Wed, Sep 13, 2017 at 12:26 AM {E> wrote:

hi habebey .. i m in new york .. the sooner we meet the faster i go back to be with my son on his first week in a
new school ..

if you bussy dont worry i can wait until thursday ..

thnx again

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:43 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

see you then :)

On Sat, Sep 9, 2017 at 6:42 PM, <> wrote:

thursday at 6 pm? is that ok?
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:40 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

when is good for you? late thurs? fri lunch whatever you prefer.

On Sat, Sep 9, 2017 at 6:35 PM, {> wrote:

very well .. plz when you have a minute send me the date and the time .. i know the house by now’
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:31 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

of course

On Sat, Sep 9, 2017 at 6:30 PM, <-> wrote:
are we meeting in new york?

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 9, 2017, at 7:16 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023661
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020721.txt,"#2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020721
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032914.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 11/11/2016 5:19:42 AM 
To: Jabor Y. 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
When marrahesh ? Is it definite 
On Friday, 11 November 2016, Jabor Y. <____________________> wrote: 
Wish you a safe trip back. Congratulations on your new president. You are made to handle all uncertainties 
and meet new challenges. Wish you the best and assure you of all my possible support. I am in contact with 
the Sharia guys and hope to come back to you next week regarding the e-currency. Look forward to see you in 
Marrakech or in NY if nothing works out. 
On Thursday, November 10, 2016, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
in paris today, headed for new york. . trump gives many new things to do 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032914 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017904.txt,"﻿






KeyCite Yellow Flag - Negative Treatment
 	Distinguished by Abecassis v. Wyatt, S.D.Tex., March 31, 2010
                    392 F.Supp.2d 539
                    United States District Court,
                    S.D. New York.
                    In re: TERRORIST ATTACKS ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
                     Nos. 03 MDL 1570(RCC), 02 Civ. 6977, 03 Civ. 6978, 03 Civ. 9849.
                     |
                     Sept. 21, 2005.
Synopsis
Background: Representatives, survivors, and insurance carriers of victims of September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks brought actions against terrorist organization responsible for the attacks and its members and associates, alleged state sponsors of terrorism, and individuals and entities who allegedly provided support to the terrorist organization, asserting causes of action under Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA), Antiterrorism Act (ATA), Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), as well as claims under New York law for aiding and abetting, conspiracy, intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligence, survival, wrongful death, trespass, and assault and battery. Actions were consolidated, various defendants filed motions to dismiss, and plaintiffs moved to supplement the record.
 
Holdings: The District Court, Casey, J., held that:
 
[1] Saudi High Commission (SHC) was entitled to immunity under discretionary function exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA);
 
[2] chairman of SHC and Saudi Minister of Interior were entitled to immunity under discretionary function exception to FSIA;
 
[3] two Saudi officials did not have such minimum contacts with the United States as to support a finding of general personal jurisdiction;
 
[4] complaint alleging that various Islamic charities and organizations provided support for September 11th attacks, failed to state a claim under TVPA;
 
[5] allegation that defendant provided a satellite phone battery to terrorist leader sufficiently stated a claim under ATA; and
 
[6] absent any allegation that defendant had any role in directing an enterprise, allegation that he funneled money to terrorist organization through the charities with which he was involved failed to state a claim under RICO.
 
Motions granted in part and denied in part.
 
See also 349 F.Supp.2d 765.
 


West Headnotes (46)


[1]
	International Law
Evidence of immunity, and fact questions
	
	Pursuant to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), a foreign state and its instrumentalities are presumed immune from jurisdiction unless one of the statute’s exceptions applies. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[2]
	International Law
Evidence of immunity, and fact questions
	
	In a challenge to subject matter jurisdiction under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), the defendant must present a prima facie case that it is a foreign sovereign; thereafter plaintiff has burden of going forward with evidence showing that, under the exceptions to FSIA, immunity should not be granted. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[3]
	Federal Civil Procedure
Matters considered in general
	
	Article stating that Islamic aid organizations in Afghanistan, Bosnia, Somalia, and Tajikistan provided funds and cover to terrorists would not be admitted to supplement record on motion to dismiss in action, arising out of the September 11 terrorist attacks, alleging that two Saudi officials involved with Islamic charities were knowingly providing funding for terrorists; plaintiffs failed to explain why they were only able to obtain and translate the article on eve of oral argument, article and its translation were not authenticated, and article did not say officials were put on notice regarding specific charities or that they continued to contribute to those charities with intent that donations would assist terrorists.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[4]
	International Law
Extent and effect of immunity
	
	Immunity under Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) extends to agents of a foreign state acting in their official capacities, inasmuch as a suit against an individual acting in his official capacity is the practical equivalent of a suit against the sovereign directly. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[5]
	International Law
Evidence of immunity, and fact questions
	
	Court is required to give great weight, in determining whether foreign defendants are entitled to immunity under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), to any extrinsic submissions made by the foreign defendants regarding the scope of their official responsibilities. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[6]
	International Law
Corporations and other instrumentalities
	
	Saudi High Commission (SHC) made prima facie showing it was entitled to immunity, under Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), in action alleging it had provided funding for terrorists; SHC was created by the Council of Ministers of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to provide Kingdom’s aid to Bosnia and was governed by a Saudi official, its employees were Saudi civil servants, and it could be sued in the Kingdom’s administrative court like other Saudi government agencies, and SHC made no explicit waiver of its sovereign immunity inasmuch as any contrary representations by SHC were made prior to the action. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[7]
	International Law
Extent and effect of immunity
	
	To extent that complaint, in action alleging support for terrorist organizations, alleged that two Saudi officials provided such support through actions undertaken in their government positions, officials made prima facie showing of entitlement to immunity under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA). 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[8]
	International Law
Extent and effect of immunity
	
	For jurisdiction over agents of a foreign government to be proper under torts exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), plaintiffs must show that defendants’ tortious acts caused plaintiffs’ injuries and that defendants’ actions were not discretionary, i.e., not grounded in their governments’ social, economic, or political policies. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605(a)(5).
3 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[9]
	International Law
Extent and effect of immunity
	
	Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act’s (FSIA) discretionary function exception, acts which are performed at the planning level of government, as opposed to those at the operational level, are entitled to immunity. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605(a)(5).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[10]
	International Law
Extent and effect of immunity
	
	Relief agency established by government of Saudi Arabia was entitled to immunity, under discretionary function exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), in action alleging it had provided funding for terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks; agency’s decisions regarding the distribution of humanitarian relief funds were within the discretion of its chairman and his advisors and were guided by government policies. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605(a)(5).
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[11]
	International Law
Extent and effect of immunity
	
	Chairman of relief agency established by government of Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Minister of Interior, were entitled to immunity, under discretionary function exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), in action alleging their decisions regarding distribution of humanitarian relief funds provided support for terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks; allegations stemmed from officials’ discretionary functions inasmuch as their decisions were grounded in government’s social, economic, and political policy. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605(a)(5).
5 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[12]
	Federal Courts
Presumptions and burden of proof
	
	In considering a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, court reviews the complaints and affidavits in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, but does not accept conclusory allegations or draw argumentative inferences. Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 12(b)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
8 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[13]
	Constitutional Law
Non-residents in general
Federal Courts
Contacts with United States as a whole;  nationwide jurisdiction
	
	For jurisdiction to exist under rule establishing personal jurisdiction in any district court for cases arising under federal law where defendant has sufficient contacts with the United States as a whole but is not subject to jurisdiction in any particular state, there must be a federal claim, personal jurisdiction must not exist over defendant in any state, and defendant must have sufficient contacts with the U.S. as a whole such that the exercise of jurisdiction does not violate Fifth Amendment due process. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 5; Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 4(k)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
3 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[14]
	Courts
Allegations, pleadings, and affidavits
	
	To establish personal jurisdiction based on a conspiracy theory under New York’s long-arm statute, plaintiffs must make a prima facie showing of conspiracy and allege facts warranting an inference that defendant was a member of the conspiracy. NY.McKinney’s CPLR 302(a)(2).
3 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[15]
	Conspiracy
Nature and Elements in General
Conspiracy
Pleading
	
	To plead a valid cause of action for conspiracy, a plaintiff must allege the primary tort and four elements: (1) a corrupt agreement between two or more persons, (2) an overt act in furtherance of the agreement, (3) the parties’ intentional participation in the furtherance of a plan or purpose, and (4) the resulting damage or injury.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[16]
	Courts
Conspiracy and co-conspirators
	
	To warrant the inference that a defendant was a member of the conspiracy, as would establish personal jurisdiction under New York’s long-arm statute, plaintiffs must show that (1) defendant had an awareness of the effects in New York of its activity, (2) the activity of the co-conspirators in New York was to the benefit of the out-of-state conspirators, and (3) the co-conspirators acting in New York acted at the direction or under the control of or at the request of or on behalf of the out-of-state defendant. N.Y.McKinney’s CPLR 302(a)(2).
3 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[17]
	Constitutional Law
Non-residents in general
	
	The exercise of personal jurisdiction must comport with due process requirements, i.e., there must be minimum contacts and the exercise of jurisdiction must be reasonable. U.S.C.A. Const.Amends. 5, 14.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[18]
	Federal Courts
Related contacts and activities;  specific jurisdiction
Federal Courts
Business contacts and activities;  transacting or doing business
	
	Specific jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant exists when the forum exercises jurisdiction over the defendant in a suit arising out of defendant’s contacts with that forum; general jurisdiction is based on a defendant’s general business contacts with the forum.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[19]
	Federal Courts
Terrorism
	
	Two officials of Saudi Arabian government did not have such minimum contacts with the United States as to support a finding of general personal jurisdiction, in action alleging their decisions regarding distribution of humanitarian relief funds provided support for terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks, despite alleged donations of money to established humanitarian organizations that might have been diverting funds to support terrorists and despite one official’s visit to the White House twelve years before the attacks. Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 12(b)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[20]
	Federal Civil Procedure
Jurisdictional discovery
Federal Courts
Dismissal or other disposition
	
	District Court would deny without prejudice purported Islamic charitable trust’s motion to dismiss, for lack of personal jurisdiction, complaint in action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks, pending further jurisdictional discovery as to whether trust’s activities were directed at the United States; U.S. Government had designated the trust a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Entity. Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 12(b)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[21]
	Federal Civil Procedure
Jurisdictional discovery
	
	Courts enjoy great discretion in deciding whether to order jurisdictional discovery before resolving motions to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 12(b)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[22]
	Federal Courts
Terrorism
	
	Pursuant to rule establishing personal jurisdiction in any district court for cases arising under federal law where defendant had sufficient contacts with the United States as a whole but was not subject to jurisdiction in any particular state, District Court had personal jurisdiction, in action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks, over defendant alleged to be a founder and leader of terrorist organization responsible for the attacks; defendant had purposefully directed his activities at the U.S. Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rules 4(k)(2), 12(b)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[23]
	Constitutional Law
Non-profit, charitable, and educational organizations
Federal Courts
Terrorism
	
	District Court had personal jurisdiction, under rule establishing personal jurisdiction for cases arising under federal law where defendant had sufficient contacts with the United States as a whole but was not subject to jurisdiction in any particular state, over purported Islamic relief organization, for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks; organization purposefully directed its activities at the U.S., satisfying due process minimum contacts requirement, inasmuch as it operated in the U.S. and was involved in supporting attacks and activities of the terrorist organization. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 5; Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rules 4(k)(2), 12(b)(2), 28 U.S.C.A.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[24]
	Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Association with or participation in enterprise;  control or intent
	
	To state a claim for liability under civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), plaintiffs must allege that defendants participated in the operation or management of the enterprise itself, which requires that these defendants must have had some part in directing the enterprise’s affairs. 18 U.S.C.A. § 1962(c).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[25]
	Aliens, Immigration, and Citizenship
Torture victim protection
	
	Complaint brought under Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA), alleging that various Islamic charities and organizations provided support for terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks, failed to state a claim; TVPA provided a cause of action only against individuals. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1350.
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[26]
	Aliens, Immigration, and Citizenship
Torture victim protection
	
	Absent any allegation that named defendants were acting under color of state law, action brought under Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA), alleging that various individuals provided support for September 11th attacks, failed to state a claim. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1350.
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[27]
	Limitation of Actions
Injuries to person
	
	Claims, under New York law, for assault and battery and intentional infliction of emotional distress, asserted in action alleging provision of support for September 11th attacks, were time-barred. N.Y.McKinney’s CPLR 215(3).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[28]
	Negligence
Necessity and Existence of Duty
Negligence
Protection against acts of third persons
	
	Negligence claims, in action under New York law arising out of September 11th attacks, would be dismissed for failure to state claims inasmuch as they failed to allege or identify duty owed to plaintiffs by defendants.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[29]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Allegation that defendant provided a satellite phone battery to leader of terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks sufficiently stated a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339A(b).
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[30]
	Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Association with or participation in enterprise;  control or intent
	
	Complaint which failed to allege that defendant participated in the operation or management of any enterprise thus failed to state a claim under Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 1961 et seq.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[31]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Complaint which failed to allege that defendant took any action that could be considered the provision of material support for terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks thus failed to state a claim under the Antiterrorism Act (ATA), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339A(b).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[32]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Allegation that defendant funneled money to terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks, through charities in which he was involved, was sufficient to state a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), in action alleging provision of support for those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[33]
	Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Association with or participation in enterprise;  control or intent
	
	Complaint which failed to allege that defendant had any role in directing an enterprise thus failed to state a claim under Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorist organization responsible for September 11th attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 1961 et seq.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[34]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Absent any allegation that purported charitable organization knew that the money it was transferring between two other organizations would somehow assist terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks, or that it knew that other organizations to which it transferred money were in the business of supporting terrorism, allegation that organization made such transfers failed to state a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[35]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Allegations that defendant was a founder and leader of terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks, that he had been designated a terrorist by the U.S. government, and that he was the head of various non-government organizations providing financial and logistical support to the terrorist network, sufficiently stated a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[36]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Allegation that purported Islamic relief organization collected and laundered money for terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks, was involved in numerous attacks and plots, and funded the Taliban and terrorist training camps in Afghanistan sufficiently stated a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[37]
	Federal Civil Procedure
Time of determination; reserving decision
	
	District Court would deny, without prejudice, purported Islamic charitable trust’s motion to dismiss, for failure to state a claim, complaints against it in action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks, where Court had not yet determined whether it had personal jurisdiction over the trust.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[38]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Allegation, that defendants were co-conspirators, material sponsors, and/or aiders and abettors of a network alleged to have provided support for terrorist, was insufficient, without more, to state a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks; allegations failed to provide notice of the factual grounds on which the claims were based. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[39]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Absent any allegation that organization knew that two purported Islamic charities it allegedly financed were terrorist cells, or whether and how those cells contributed to agenda of terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks, allegation that the organization provided that financial support were insufficient to state a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), in action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[40]
	Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Association or participation
	
	Absent any allegation that company had any role in directing an enterprise, allegation that it donated money to a group alleged to have later laundered the money, and that it donated money to unnamed entities who later forwarded it to terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks, were insufficient to state a claim under Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), in action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 1961 et seq.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[41]
	Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Association or participation
War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Complaint, alleging that individual defendants aided and abetted, conspired with, and provided material support and resources to terrorist organization responsible for the September 11th attacks and/or affiliated organizations, failed to state claims for violations of Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) or Antiterrorism Act (ATA), in action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in those attacks; complaint did not adequately provide defendants with notice as to how they provided material support to terrorist organization. 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 1961 et seq., 2339(A).
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[42]
	War and National Emergency
Private Remedies
	
	Complaint alleging that defendant controlled several bank accounts and transmitted money internationally for terrorist purposes was sufficient to state a claim under Antiterrorism Act (ATA), in action alleging provision of support for September 11th attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2339(A).
2 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[43]
	Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Association or participation
	
	Absent any allegation that defendant participated in the operation or management of alleged terrorist enterprise, allegation that he controlled several bank accounts and transmitted money internationally for terrorist purposes failed to state a claim under Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), for purposes of action alleging provision of support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks. 18 U.S.C.A. § 1961 et seq.
1 Cases that cite this headnote
	


[44]
	Federal Civil Procedure
Error by court
	
	A motion for reconsideration is appropriate where a court overlooks controlling decisions or factual matters that were put before it on the underlying motion and which, had they been considered, might have reasonably altered the result before the court.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[45]
	Federal Civil Procedure
Justice;  prevention of injustice
Federal Civil Procedure
Error by court
	
	A motion for reconsideration may be granted to correct a clear error or prevent manifest injustice.
Cases that cite this headnote
	


[46]
	International Law
Proceedings to determine immunity
	
	On reconsideration of prior order, District Court would postpone further inquiry into bank’s status as a foreign sovereign, for purposes of its assertion that it was entitled to immunity, under Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), in action alleging it provided support for terrorists involved in September 11th attacks, until completion of personal jurisdiction discovery; personal jurisdiction issue was more straightforward and Court was hesitant to subject Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to discovery. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1602 et seq.
3 Cases that cite this headnote
	


Attorneys and Law Firms
*545 Andrew J. Maloney, III, Blanca I. Rodriguez, Brian J. Alexander, *546 David Beekman, David C. Cook, Francis G. Fleming, James P. Kreindler, Justin Timothy Green, Lee S. Kreindler, Marc S. Moller, Milton G. Sincoff, Noah H. Kushlefsky, Paul S. Edelman, Robert James Spragg, Steven R. Pounian, Kreindler & Kreindler, New York City, Elliot R. Feldman, J. Scott Tarbutton, John M. Popilock, Sean P. Carter, Stephen A. Cozen O’Connor (Philadelphia), Philadelphia, PA, for Plaintiffs.
David P. Gersch, Arnold & Porter, L.L.P., Donna M. Sheinbach, Michael D. McNeely, Nancy Luque, Steven A. Maddox, Gray Cary Ware and Friedenrich LLP (DC), Mitchell Rand Berger, Ronald Stanley Liebman, Patton Boggs LLP (DC), Martin Francis McMahon, Stephanie Wall Fell, Martin F. McMahon, and Associates, Thomas Peter Steindler, McDermott, Will and Emery (DC), James Ernest Gauch, Jennifer Allyson Shumaker, Jonathan Chapman Rose, Melissa Danielle Stear, Michael Peter Gurdak, Michael Rollin Shumaker, Stephen Joseph Brogan, Timothy John Finn, Jones Day (DC), Louis Richard Cohen, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering (Washington), William Horace Jeffress, Jr., Christopher R. Cooper, Sara E. Kropf, Jamie S. Kilberg, Baker Botts LLP (DC), Christopher Mark Curran, White & Case LLP (DC), David Charles Frederick, John Christopher Rozendaal, Mark Charles Hansen, Michael John Guzman, Michael K. Kellogg, Kellogg, Huber, Hansen, Todd & Evans PLLC (DC), Lawrence Saul Robbins, Robbins Russel Englert Orseck & Untereiner LLP, Washington, DC, Jean Engelmayer Kalicki, Arnold & Porter, LLP, John Joseph Walsh, Carter Ledyard & Milburn LLP, Omar T. Mohammedi, Law Office of Omar T. Mohammedi, Brian Howard Polovoy, Shearman & Sterling LLP (New York), Geoffrey S. Stewart, Michael Bradley, Jones Day, Matthew Phineas Previn, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, L.L.P., T. Barry Kingham, Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt and Mosle LLP, New York City, Wilmer Parker, III, Gillen Parker and Withers LLC, Atlanta, GA, Lynne Bernabei, Alan R. Kabat, Bernabei & Katz, PLLC, Washington, DC, for Defendants.
Michael J. Sommi, Cozen O’Connor, New York City, for Movants.




                    Opinion and Order
CASEY, District Judge.
The Court presumes familiarity with the factual background giving rise to this multi-district litigation. See In re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, 349 F.Supp.2d 765 (S.D.N.Y.2005) (“Terrorist Attacks I” ). Generally, Plaintiffs are representatives, survivors, and insurance carriers of the victims of the attacks of September 11, 2001, who allege, pursuant to various theories of liability including the Antiterrorism Act (“ATA”), 18 U.S.C. § 2331 et seq.; the Alien Tort Claims Act (“ATCA”), 28 U.S.C. § 1350; the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.S.C. § 1961 et seq.; the Torture Victim Protection Act (“TVPA”), 28 U.S.C. § 1350 note; theories of aiding and abetting, civil conspiracy, intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligence, survival, wrongful death, trespass, and assault and battery, that Defendants are responsible for those attacks as terrorists, state sponsors of terror, or material sponsors of terror. In Terrorist Attacks I, the Court resolved several motions to dismiss the complaints by various Defendants. Additional motions remain pending before the Court.
 
Saudi High Commission (“SHC”), HRH Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Al–Saud (“Prince Salman”), and HRH Prince Naif bin Abdulaziz Al–Saud (“Prince Naif”) move to dismiss the complaints for lack of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to the FSIA, lack of personal jurisdiction, and failure to state a claim for relief. Immediately prior to the Court’s scheduled oral argument on these motions, the Federal Plaintiffs moved to supplement the record against Prince Salman and Prince Naif.
 
Defendants Rabita Trust, Wa‘el Jalaidan, and International Islamic Relief Organization (“IIRO”) move to dismiss the *547 complaints for lack of personal jurisdiction and failure to state a claim.
 
Other Defendants move to dismiss the complaints for failure to state a claim. Tarik Hamdi and Abdulrahman Alamoudi move to dismiss the Burnett and Federal complaints. Success Foundation moves to dismiss the Burnett complaint. The Burnett Plaintiffs denominate certain Defendants as the “SAAR Network entities.” The SAAR Network entities, which include African Muslim Agency, Grove Corporate, Heritage Education Trust, International Institute of Islamic Thought (“IIIT”), Mar–Jac Investments, Mar–Jac Poultry, Reston Investments, Safa Trust, and York Foundation, move to dismiss the Burnett complaint. IIIT also moves to dismiss the Ashton complaint. In addition to its motion to dismiss Burnett, Mar–Jac Poultry moves to dismiss the Ashton and Federal complaints. The Federal Plaintiffs label certain individuals “SAAR Network executives.” These Defendants, including Taha Al–Awani, Muhammad Ashraf, M. Omar Ashraf, M. Yaqub Mirza, Iqbal Unus, and Jamal Barzinji, move to dismiss the Federal complaint.
 
Finally, Defendant National Commercial Bank (“NCB”) moves for reconsideration of this Court’s denial without prejudice of its motions to dismiss the Ashton and Burnett complaints. The Court resolves all the aforementioned motions in this opinion.
 


I. Subject Matter Jurisdiction Under the FSIA
[1] [2] Pursuant to the FSIA, a foreign state and its instrumentalities are presumed immune from this Court’s jurisdiction unless one of the statute’s exceptions applies. Robinson v. Gov’t of Malaysia, 269 F.3d 133, 138 (2d Cir.2001). “In contrast to a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, in a challenge to FSIA subject matter jurisdiction, the defendant must present a ‘prima facie case that it is a foreign sovereign.’ ” Virtual Countries v. Republic of South Africa, 300 F.3d 230, 241 (2d Cir.2002) (quoting Cargill Int’l S.A. v. M/T PAVEL DYBENKO, 991 F.2d 1012, 1016 (2d Cir.1993)). “Then, the plaintiff ‘has the burden of going forward with evidence showing that, under the exceptions to the FSIA, immunity should not be granted.’ ” Virtual Countries, 300 F.3d at 241 (quoting Cargill, 991 F.2d at 1016); see also Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 792–797 (explaining that the possibly relevant exceptions to immunity in this litigation include the commercial activities, torts, and state sponsor of terrorism exceptions). Determining whether this burden is met involves a ‘review [of] the allegations in the complaint, the undisputed facts, if any, placed before [the court] by the parties, and—if the plaintiff comes forward with sufficient evidence to carry its burden of production on this issue—[resolution of] disputed issues of fact.’ ” Virtual Countries, 300 F.3d at 241 (quoting Robinson, 269 F.3d at 141). Throughout the inquiry, Defendants retain the burden of persuasion, which they must meet by a preponderance of the evidence. Virtual Countries, 300 F.3d at 241; see also Robinson, 269 F.3d at 141 n. 8.
 


 A. Allegations Against Defendants Asserting Foreign Sovereign Immunity

 1. Saudi High Commission1
In 1993, then-King Fahad bin Abdulaziz Al–Saud, the President of the Council of *548 Ministers of Saudi Arabia, decreed the formation of SHC, also known as the Saudi High Relief Commission, by High Order 17419. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 446; Burnett Compl. ¶ 392; Federal Compl. ¶ 180; see also SHC Mem. in Sup. Mot. to Dismiss at 3.) The same High Order named Defendant Prince Salman the President of SHC. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 446; Burnett Compl. ¶ 392; SHC Mem. in Sup. Mot. to Dismiss at 3.)
 
SHC allegedly has contributed $600 million to aid “Bosnian Muslims impoverished by the country’s recent civil war.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 446; Burnett Compl. ¶ 392.) Plaintiffs claim, however, that SHC does not provide support to the needy but actually diverts funds for terrorist activities. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 454; Burnett Compl. ¶ 404.) In support, Plaintiffs allege that Prince Salman received a letter in September 2000 from a Bosnian association claiming SHC did not provide charitable assistance, and that none of the money collected after the fall of Srebrenica in July 1995 actually reached the Srebrenican people. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 454–55; Burnett Com pl. ¶¶ 404–05; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 185, 457.) Plaintiffs claim SHC’s financial records fail to account for $41 million. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 456; Burnett Compl. ¶ 407; Federal Compl. ¶ 460.) SHC allegedly made donations to charity Defendant Taibah and the bin Laden Establishment. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 376, 462 (relying on 1995 bin Laden interview); Burnett Compl. ¶ 298.) Plaintiffs also claim that SHC is responsible for “importing the extreme form of Saudi Islam, Wahhabism” to Bosnia. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 447; Burnett Compl. ¶ 393.)
 
The Federal Plaintiffs allege that al Qaeda fighters began entering Bosnia–Herzegovina in 1992 disguised as SHC relief workers. (Federal Compl. ¶ 183.) On October 21, 2001, a group of Algerians who were supposedly part of the al Qaeda network were arrested in Bosnia Herzegovina on charges of terrorism directed at the United States embassy. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 448–49; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 394–95.) One of the arrested, Sabir Lamar, apparently worked for SHC as an Arabic language teacher. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 450; Burnett Compl. ¶ 396.) Also in October 2001, Plaintiffs claim that United States forces raided the Sarajevo branch of SHC and “found computer hard drives with photographs of the World Trade Center before and after its collapse as well as photos of United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the U.S.S. Cole.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 451; Burnett Compl. ¶ 397; Federal Compl. ¶ ¶ 186, 458.) The U.S. forces also apparently found files on pesticides and crop dusters, the locations of Washington government buildings, fake State Department badges, and cash. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 451, 453; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 397, 399; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 186, 459.) After the raid, the Financial Police of the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina Ministry of Finance analyzed the seized documents and stated that some did “not belong in the scope of work of a humanitarian organization.” (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 187, 459; see also Ashton Compl. ¶ 452; Burnett Compl. ¶ 398.) The Federal Plaintiffs claim that the SHC “has long acted as a fully integrated component of al Qaida’s logistical and financial support infrastructure ... [and that the attacks of September 11 were] a direct, intended and foreseeable product of [its] participation in al Qaida’s jihadist campaign.” (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 182, 189.)
 


 *549 2. Prince Salman2
Prince Salman is a member of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Council of Ministers, the governor of the province of Riyadh, and the President of Defendant SHC. (Prince Salman Mem. in Sup. Mot. to Dismiss at 2.) Plaintiffs allege that Prince Salman provided material support to Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 255; Burnett Compl. ¶ 403; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 455, 463; see also Federal RICO Statement Applicable to Saudi Princes at Ex. A.) The Federal Plaintiffs claim Prince Salman “fully intended [SHC] would serve as a vehicle for funding and supporting Islamic militants in Bosnia, including elements of the al Qaida movement.” (Federal Compl. ¶ 456.) “Prince Salman knowingly failed to take appropriate actions regarding the management and use of funds of the SHC in Bosnia.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 457; Burnett Compl. ¶ 406.) On December 30, 2000, the Embassy of the State of Palestine in Riyadh sent Prince Salman a letter expressing Yasser Arafat’s concern regarding the funding of radical organizations in Palestine. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 291; Burnett Compl. ¶ 402.) Further, Plaintiffs claim Prince Salman “has a history of funding Islamic extremism,” because he was named the Chairman of the General Donation Committee for Afghanistan in 1980, which gave $39 million to aid the Afghan mujahideen. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 289; Burnett Compl. ¶ 400.)
 
In 1994, Prince Salman allegedly stated that he had personally raised more than six million Saudi Riyals for Defendant IIRO and Sanabel al-Kheer. (Federal Compl. ¶ 462.) And in 1998, he allegedly donated one million Saudi Riyals during a fundraising drive by IIRO and Sanabel al-Kheer. (Federal Compl. ¶ 461.) In 1999, Prince Salman donated $400,000 during a fundraising event organized by charity Defendants IIRO, World Assembly of Muslim Youth (“WAMY”), and Al–Haramain Foundation for the benefit of Bosnia Herzegovina and Chechnya. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 290; Burnett Compl. ¶ 401; Federal Compl. ¶ 461.) Finally, Plaintiffs claim that members of the Saudi royal family have assets and do business in the United States. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 296.)
 


 3. Prince Naif3
Prince Naif has been the Minister of Interior of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 1975. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 286; Federal Compl. ¶ 433; Prince Naif Mem. in Supp. Mot. to Dismiss at 1, 5.) According to Plaintiffs, the Minister of Interior “controls the activities of Islamic Charities and is empowered to verify their legality and conduct.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 286; Burnett Compl. ¶ 382; see also Federal Compl. ¶ 435 (alleging that as Minister of Interior Prince Naif is “responsible for the oversight of charities based within Saudi Arabia, including the operations of the Saudi Joint Relief Committee [ (‘SJRC’) ], Muslim World League [ (‘MWL’) ], IIRO, Saudi Red Crescent, WAMY, and al Haramain Foundation”).) He is also a member of the Council of Ministers and serves on the Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs. (Plaintiff’s Mem. in Opp’n to Prince Naif’s Mot. at 2–3, 5.)
 
Plaintiffs claim that “Prince Naif has engaged in a pattern of conduct that aids, abets, and materially sponsors international terrorism and Al Qaeda.” (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 288, 255; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 342, 381; Federal Compl. ¶ 434; see also Federal RICO Statement Applicable to Saudi Princes at Ex. A.) They claim that along with other Saudi princes, Prince *550 Naif made “monetary payoffs to Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 288; Burnett Compl. ¶ 381.) “In 1996, according to various intelligence sources, a group of Saudi princes ... met in Paris and agreed to continue contributing, sponsoring, aiding and abetting Osama bin Laden’s terrorist network.” (Burnett Compl. ¶ 347.) Plaintiffs claim that Prince Naif and the Saudi government received warnings from the United States and France that charitable donations to Islamic charities were being used to fund terrorism. (See Plaintiffs’ Mem. in Opp’n to Naif’s Mot. to Dismiss at 5.) Prince Naif was present for one such meeting in 1994 with French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua. (Id.) The Federal Plaintiffs allege that Prince Naif has used his position as the Minister of Interior to “protect al Qaida’s support infrastructure.” (Federal Compl. ¶ 438.)
 
The Federal complaint further alleges that “[b]etween 1998 and 2000, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, through SJRC, diverted more than $74 million to al Qaida members and loyalists affiliated with SJRC bureaus. Throughout this time, [SJRC] was under the supervision and control of ... Prince Naif.” (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 126, 436.) “Prince Naif also heads the Saudi Committee for Relief to Afghans, ... [i]n this position, Prince Naif has channeled substantial financial and logistical support to sustain al Qaida’s presence and operations in Afghanistan.” (Id. ¶ 437.) Plaintiffs allege that Prince Naif is the “Chairman of the Saudi Arabian Committee for Support of the Intifada al Quds, [which] knowingly transferred large sums of money to the families of Hamas terrorists who had executed murderous attacks against Israelis.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 287; Burnett Compl. ¶ 379; Federal Compl. ¶ 439; see also Burnett Compl. ¶ 380 (citing letter written on behalf of Yasser Arafat and claiming this committee funds radical groups).) As a result, Plaintiffs assert that “Prince Naif ... supports suicide martyrs.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 287; Burnett Compl. ¶ 379.) The Federal Plaintiffs also allege that in 2003, U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked that Prince Naif be replaced as Interior Minister because of his “well-documented history of supporting terrorist financing and ignoring the evidence when it comes to investigating terrorist attacks on Americans.” (Federal Compl. ¶ 441.) Finally, the Federal Plaintiffs claim Prince Naif made significant personal contributions to Saudi-based charities that were sponsors of al Qaida’s operations, including IIRO, MWL, WAMY, BIF, SHC, SJRC, and al Haramain. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 442–43.)
 
[3] The Federal Plaintiffs seek leave to supplement the record against Prince Salman and Prince Naif with an article that appeared in Rus al Yusef, an Egyptian publication, in August 1998. The unidentified author writes that Islamic aid organizations located in Afghanistan, Bosnia, Somalia, and Tajikistan provided funds and cover to terrorists. (See Federal Mot. to Supplement Record on Prince Naif and Prince Salman, Ex. 2, at 2.) Donors to these unidentified organizations “probably ha[d] no idea where their charity money ha[d] gone.” (Id.) Prince Naif reportedly responded that “if charity money is going to illegitimate targets, it must stop immediately.” (Id.) From this submission, the Plaintiffs argue that the Princes knew their charitable donations were going to terrorists.
 
The submission is problematic for a variety of reasons and will not be accepted. First, Plaintiffs do not provide an explanation as why they were only able to obtain and translate the article on the eve of oral argument—well after the motions were fully submitted. Second, the article and *551 its translation have not been authenticated. More pointedly, however, it simply does not say that the Princes were put on notice regarding specific charities and that they continued to contribute to those charities with the intent that their donations would assist al Qaeda. The Federal Plaintiffs’ motion to supplement the record against Prince Salman and Prince Naif is denied.
 


 B. Defendants’ Status as Foreign States for FSIA Purposes
[4] The FSIA provides the following definition of “foreign state”:
 (a) A “foreign state” ... includes a political subdivision of a foreign state or an agency or instrumentality of a foreign state as defined in subsection (b).
 (b) An “agency or instrumentality of a foreign state” means any entity—
  (1) which is a separate legal person, corporate or otherwise, and
  (2) which is an organ of a foreign state or political subdivision thereof, or a majority of whose shares or other ownership interest is owned by a foreign state or political subdivision thereof, and
  (3) which is neither a citizen of a State of the United States ... nor created under the laws of any third country.
28 U.S.C. § 1603. Further, “immunity under the FSIA extends also to agents of a foreign state acting in their official capacities [because] [i]t is generally recognized that a suit against an individual acting in his official capacity is the practical equivalent of a suit against the sovereign directly.” Bryks v. Canadian Broad. Corp., 906 F.Supp. 204, 210 (S.D.N.Y.1995) (internal quotations omitted); see also Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 788–89 (finding Princes Sultan and Turki were foreign states for FSIA purposes to the extent Plaintiffs alleged liability for actions taken in their official capacities).
 


 1. SHC
[5] SHC contends that it is an organ, agency, or instrumentality of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and acts on behalf of the Kingdom to fund a range of humanitarian relief efforts to Bosnia, Egypt, and Somalia. (See generally Al–Roshood Decl., at Huffman Decl. Ex. A.) In support of its position as a foreign state, SHC submits the affidavits of Dr. Al–Nafissa, a Saudi Arabian lawyer and a Minister of State on the Council of Ministers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Mr. Al–Roshood, who has been the Director of the Executive Office of SHC since its inception. The Court notes it is “required to give ‘great weight’ to any extrinsic submissions made by the foreign defendants regarding the scope of their official responsibilities.” Leutwyler v. Office of Her Majesty Queen Rania Al–Abdullah, 184 F.Supp.2d 277, 287 (S.D.N.Y.2001).
 
King Faud authorized Dr. Al–Nafissa to make his declaration concerning SHC. (Al–Nafissa Decl. ¶ 2, at Huffman Decl. Ex. C.) Dr. Al–Nafissa attests that SHC is “an arm of the Saudi Arabian government [and that its actions] are in keeping with the foreign and domestic governmental policies of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” (Id. ¶ 3.) SHC was formed by Decision of the President of the Council of Ministers in 1993. (Al–Roshood Decl. ¶ 6.) In the same Decision, the Council of Ministers appointed Prince Salman as President of SHC. (Id. ¶ 7.) As President of SHC, Prince Salman is the head of SHC’s Executive Committee and Supreme Commission, members of which Prince Salman appoints. (Id.) SHC is staffed by civil servant employees of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (Id. ¶ 10.)
 
Dr. Al–Nafissa states that private charities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia receive governmental approval through Royal Order, are run by boards, and disburse *552 funds in accordance with their charters. (Al–Nafissa Decl. ¶ 5.) In contrast, governmental commissions, such as SHC, are chaired by a governmental official, like Prince Salman, and conduct their affairs in accordance with the Kingdom’s policy objectives. (Id. ¶ 5.) According to Dr. Al–Nafissa, “[d]ecisions regarding causes to support and recipients for Saudi High Commission funds are within the discretion of the Executive Committee, the Supreme Commission, and Prince Salman.” (Id. ¶ 8.) The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is SHC’s largest source of funding, having provided approximately 30% of the funds used and distributed by SHC. (Al–Roshood Decl. ¶ 24.) The remainder of SHC funds are collected through fundraisers “in accordance with the directives of ... King Fahd.” (Id. ¶ 5.) SHC can be sued for its administrative acts in the Board of Grievances. (Al–Nafissa Decl. ¶ 8.)
 
In their complaint, the Federal Plaintiffs alleged that SHC is “an agency, instrumentality and organ of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” (Federal Compl. ¶ 181.) They now back away from that allegation and join other Plaintiffs in disputing SHC’s status. Plaintiffs submit that SHC has repeatedly and systematically described itself as a non-governmental organization in representations to the Bosnian government. (See Plaintiffs’ Mem. in Opp’n to SHC Mot. to Dismiss at 10.) Thus, even if SHC is considered a foreign state, Plaintiffs assert it has implicitly waived its immunity through those representations. See 28 U.S.C. § 1605(a)(1) (FSIA waiver provision). Plaintiffs also argue that it is disingenuous for SHC to simultaneously maintain that it is an organ of the Kingdom and that this Court lacks personal jurisdiction over it when the Kingdom itself did not dispute the personal jurisdiction issue.
 
In response to Plaintiffs’ arguments that it described itself as a non-governmental organization to Bosnian authorities, SHC submits the declaration of Hadsimuratovic Hajrudin, a Bosnian lawyer who serves as a legal advisor to SHC. (See generally Hajrudin Decl. at SHC Reply Ex. A.) Mr. Hajrudin states that SHC characterized itself as non-governmental in accordance with Article 22 of the Law on Humanitarian Activities and Humanitarian Organizations of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina because SHC is “not considered part of the government of Bosnia–Herzegovina.” (Id. ¶ 4.) Mr. Hajrudin attests that the head of SHC’s European Office received diplomatic status in Bosnia–Herzegovina in 1996 because SHC is an organization of the Saudi government. (Id. ¶ 6.) He also states that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is represented by SHC when it makes donations to Bosnia–Herzegovina. (Id.)
 
[6] There is no dispute that SHC is a separate legal person from the Kingdom and not a citizen of the United States or any third country. See 28 U.S.C. § 1603. Accordingly, the only dispute regarding SHC’s status is whether it is an organ of the Kingdom. In Filler v. Hanvit Bank, 378 F.3d 213 (2d Cir.2004), the Second Circuit considered various factors to determine whether an entity could be considered an organ of a foreign sovereign. Id. at 217. The factors include:
      (1) whether the foreign state created the entity for a national purpose; (2) whether the foreign state actively supervises the entity; (3) whether the foreign state requires the hiring of public employees and pays their salaries; (4) whether the entity holds exclusive rights to some right in the [foreign] country; and (5) how the entity is treated under foreign state law.
Id. at 217 (citations omitted).
 
SHC offers undisputed evidence that it was created by the Kingdom’s Council of *553 Ministers to “centralize all charitable giving from the Kingdom to Bosnia–Herzegovina [and that it was] vested with the sole authority to collect and distribute charitable funds in Bosnia.” (Al–Roshood Decl. ¶¶ 5–6; Hajrudin Decl. ¶ 6 & Ex. D (noting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provides humanitarian relief to Bosnia through SHC).) The Council of Ministers appointed Prince Salman to supervise SHC. (Al Roshood Decl. ¶¶ 7–9.) The salaries of SHC employees are paid by either the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or out of the SHC budget. (Id. ¶ 10.) Like other Saudi Arabian government agencies, SHC can be sued in the administrative court of the Kingdom. (Al–Nafissa Decl. ¶ 8.)
 
The Court finds that SHC has made a prima facie showing that it is a foreign sovereign. See Cargill, 991 F.2d at 1016 (requiring defendant to make prima facie case of sovereignty). Because SHC was formed by order of the Kingdom’s governing body, it provides the Kingdom’s aid to Bosnia, it is governed by a Saudi official and its employees are civil servants, it is an organ of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. See Filler, 378 F.3d at 217. Further, the Court finds SHC has not waived its sovereign immunity. The representations to the contrary on which Plaintiffs rely were made before this lawsuit was contemplated and cannot be read as a waiver of immunity from this court’s jurisdiction. The Second Circuit has made clear that the waiver of FSIA immunity must be explicit. See Banco de Seguros del Estado v. Mutual Marine Office, Inc., 344 F.3d 255, 261 (2d Cir.2003) (requiring wavier that unambiguously waives claims of immunity from legal proceedings in this country). Finally, Plaintiffs have not identified a factual dispute that would require jurisdictional discovery. See Filetech S.A. v. France Telecom S.A., 304 F.3d 180, 183 (2d Cir.2002) (finding no abuse of discretion where district court resolved jurisdictional issue without holding evidentiary hearing because factual disputes were “readily ascertainable” from the record). Accordingly, Plaintiffs must demonstrate that an exception under the FSIA applies to their claims against SHC. See Virtual Countries, 300 F.3d at 241.
 


 2. Prince Salman and Prince Naif
[7] Aside from allegations regarding personal contributions to charities that were fronts for terrorists, the Plaintiffs’ claims against Prince Salman and Prince Naif concern their official functions. The allegations against Prince Salman, for example, center on his role as President of SHC, (see, e.g., Ashton Compl. ¶ 457; Burnett Compl. ¶ 406; Federal Compl. ¶ 456) or as Governor of Riyadh, (see Ashton Compl. ¶ 291; Burnett Compl. ¶ 402). Similarly, the allegations against Prince Naif center on his role as Minister of Interior of the Kingdom. (See Ashton Compl. ¶ 286; Burnett Compl. ¶ 382; Federal Compl. ¶ 435.) To the extent the allegations concern actions undertaken in their government positions, the Court finds that Prince Salman and Prince Naif are foreign states for FSIA purposes. See Leutwyler, 184 F.Supp.2d at 286–87 (recognizing that “individuals employed by a foreign state’s agencies or instrumentalities are deemed ‘foreign states’ when they are sued for actions undertaken within the scope of their official capacities”). Thus, Plaintiffs must also show that an FSIA exception applies to Princes Salman and Naif. Virtual Countries, 300 F.3d at 241.
 


 C. Application of FSIA Torts Exception
Plaintiffs claim any immunity enjoyed by SHC, Prince Salman, and Prince Naif is overcome by the FSIA’s torts exception. The Federal Plaintiffs also argue that the commercial activities exception should lift *554 the sovereigns’ immunity. For the reasons explained in its previous opinion, the Court concludes that the torts exception is the only exception relevant to the allegations contained in the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints against SHC, Prince Salman, and Prince Naif. See Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 793–94 (explaining that the Federal Plaintiffs’ reliance on the commercial activities exception is inappropriate because the alleged acts by Defendants were not the type of actions “by which a private party engages in trade and traffic or commerce,” and explaining the state sponsor of terrorism exception applies only to designated state sponsors of terror, of which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not).
 
[8] [9] The torts exception lifts immunity for “personal injury or death, or damage to or loss of property, occurring in the United States and caused by the tortious act or omission of that foreign state or any official ... of that foreign state while acting in the scope of his office.” 28 U.S.C. § 1605(a)(5). For jurisdiction to be proper under the torts exception, Plaintiffs will have to show, first, that the Defendants’ tortious acts caused Plaintiffs’ injuries. Robinson v. Gov’t of Malaysia, 269 F.3d 133, 142 (2d Cir.2001) (“If those activities could not render the Malaysian government liable for a tort under New York law, then it remained immune under § 1605(a)(5).”). Second, Plaintiffs must show that Defendants’ actions were not discretionary, i.e., not grounded in the social, economic, or political policies of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 794–97; see also 28 U.S.C. § 1605(a)(5)(A) (providing that the torts exception is not applicable to “any claim based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function regardless of whether the discretion be abused”). “Under the FSIA’s ‘discretionary function’ exception, ‘acts which are performed at the planning level of government, as opposed to those at the operational level, are protected by the immunity.’ ” Marchisella v. Gov’t of Japan, No. 02 Civ. 10023(DC), 2004 WL 307248, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb.17, 2004) (quoting Napolitano v. Tishman Constr. Corp., No. 96 Civ. 4402(SJ), 1998 WL 102789, at *4 (E.D.N.Y. Feb.26, 1998)).
 
Here, since SHC, Prince Salman, and Prince Naif are not alleged to have been the actual perpetrators of the attacks, Plaintiffs rely on theories of conspiracy and aiding and abetting.
      Conspiracy and aiding and abetting are varieties of concerted-action liability: conspiracy requires an agreement to commit a tortious act ..., aiding and abetting requires that the defendant have given substantial assistance or encouragement to the primary wrongdoer.... In order to be liable for acting in concert with the primary tortfeasor under either theory, the defendant must know the wrongful nature of the primary actor’s conduct.
Pittman v. Grayson, 149 F.3d 111, 122–23 (2d Cir.1998). Accordingly, to survive these Rule 12(b)(1) motions to dismiss, Plaintiffs must plead facts from which it reasonably can be inferred that the Defendants knew or should have known that their tortious actions were supporting terrorists or terrorist fronts. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 800–01; see also Boim v. Quranic Literacy Inst., 291 F.3d 1000, 1023 (7th Cir.2002) (“Boim II” ) (explaining elements of concerted-action civil liability under ATA); Virtual Countries, 300 F.3d at 241 (“Determining whether [Plaintiffs have demonstrated that one of the FSIA’s exceptions applies] involves a review of the allegations in the complaint, the undisputed facts, if any, placed before *555 the court by the parties, and—if the plaintiff comes forward with sufficient evidence to carry its burden of production on this issue—resolution of disputed issues of fact.”) (internal quotations omitted).
 


 1. SHC
[10] Even if Plaintiffs alleged that SHC was tortiously liable for the attacks of September 11, such allegations could not overcome the discretionary function exception. SHC offers undisputed evidence that all decisions regarding the distribution of humanitarian relief funds were within the sole discretion of its Chairman Prince Salman and the advisors he selected. (See Al–Nafissa Decl. ¶ 8.) Further, SHC was guided by the Kingdom’s policies regarding Bosnia–Herzegovina in making its funding determinations. (Id. ¶ 3.) Accordingly, SHC’s alleged misuse of funds and/or inadequate record-keeping—even if it resulted in the funds going to terrorists—was the result of a discretionary function and cannot be the basis for overcoming SHC’s immunity. See U.S. v. S.A. Empresa de Viacao Aerea Rio Grandense (Varig Airlines), 467 U.S. 797, 814, 104 S.Ct. 2755, 81 L.Ed.2d 660 (1984) (explaining FTCA discretionary function exception is designed to “prevent judicial ‘second-guessing’ of ... decisions grounded in social, economic, and political policy through the medium of an action in tort”); Marchisella, 2004 WL 307248, at *2 (explaining the FSIA’s discretionary function exception replicates that found in the FTCA and that courts rely on the FTCA for guidance in interpreting the scope of the FSIA’s exception); Kline v. Kaneko, 685 F.Supp. 386, 392 (S.D.N.Y.1988) (explaining sovereign’s decisions regarding formation and enforcement of national policies are discretionary functions); 28 U.S.C. § 1605(a)(5)(A) (stating torts exception is not applicable to claims based discretionary actions, even when that discretion is abused). Accordingly, the Court finds SHC is immune from suit in this litigation. Its motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints for lack subject matter jurisdiction are granted.
 


 2. Prince Salman and Prince Naif
[11] Similarly, even if Plaintiffs adequately plead a tort against Prince Salman and Prince Naif, the discretionary function exception prevents this Court from exercising jurisdiction over them in their official capacities. Plaintiffs take issue with Prince Salman’s management of SHC and its funding decisions. Prince Salman’s direction of SHC, however, is discretionary. He was appointed President of SHC by King Fahd to carry out the Kingdom’s policy toward the refugees of the Bosnian war. (Al–Roshood Decl. ¶ 6; Al–Nafissa Decl. ¶ 5.) Plaintiffs claim that as Chairman of the General Donation Committee for Afghanistan he assisted the Afghanistan mujahideen in the 1980s. To the extent Prince Salman held this position as a member of the Saudi government, this was also a policy decision made at the operational level of government. Plaintiffs claim Yasser Arafat complained to Prince Salman as Governor of Riyadh regarding Saudi funding of extremists in Palestine. Plaintiffs do not allege, however, what relation that complaint has to the al Qaeda terrorists or this litigation. They argue that Prince Salman, who did not attend the meeting with the former French Minister of Interior, should have known from Saudi officials who did meet with him that unnamed terrorists were receiving funding from largely unidentified Saudi charities.4 See *556 Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 799. The Saudi attendees’ decisions concerning with whom the French Minister’s warnings should be shared and what the Saudi response would be, are surely grounded in social, economic, and political policy, and are, therefore, not actionable under the FSIA. Varig Airlines, 467 U.S. at 814, 104 S.Ct. 2755.
 
Similarly, the claims against Prince Naif stem from his discretionary functions. The Plaintiffs complain that Prince Naif, as Minister of Interior, ignored warnings in 1994 from French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua that Islamic charities were being used to fund terrorism. Additionally, Plaintiffs contend that he did not adequately supervise certain Saudi charities whose diverted funds allegedly landed in the coffers of al Qaeda and Hamas.
 
Prince Naif’s role on the Council of Ministers and as Minister of Interior makes it “nearly self-evident” that his official acts are “squarely covered by the ‘discretionary function’ language of [the FSIA].” Burnett II, 292 F.Supp.2d at 20. As the Minister of Interior, Prince Naif oversees matters relating to Saudi public security, civil defense, fire service, police, passports, special security, and investigative forces. The Council of Ministers, of which he is a member, oversees the implementation of internal, external, financial, economic, educational, defense policies, and general affairs of state for the Kingdom. Prince Naif’s official responsibilities included managing Saudi relations with Osama bin Laden, see Prince Naif Mem. in Supp. Mot. to Dismiss at 2 (stating Prince Naif urged the Kingdom to strip bin Laden of his Saudi citizenship in 1994), and thus became a target of al Qaeda himself (see, e.g., Bierstein Aff. in Opp’n to Prince Sultan’s Mot. to Dismiss (fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden expressing extreme bitterness toward Saudi Royal family).) Therefore, Prince Naif’s administration of his responsibilities was “clearly ... grounded in social, economic, and political policy.” Burnett II, 292 F.Supp.2d at 21 (citing Varig Airlines, 467 U.S. at 814, 104 S.Ct. 2755)).
 
This Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over Prince Salman and Prince Naif for their official acts. The FSIA does not immunize an official for his private tortious acts, however. See 28 U.S.C. § 1605(a)(5) (explaining torts exception is relevant to official’s official acts); Leutwyler, 184 F.Supp.2d at 286–87 (explaining officials are “deemed foreign states when they are sued for actions undertaken within the scope of their official capacities”). Accordingly, the Court will consider the appropriateness of exercising personal jurisdiction over Prince Salman and Prince Naif for their alleged personal acts below.
 


II. Personal Jurisdiction
[12] To survive the motions to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2), Plaintiffs must make a prima facie showing that personal jurisdiction exists over each moving Defendant. PDK Labs, Inc. v. Friedlander, 103 F.3d 1105, 1108 (2d Cir.1997). The Court reviews the complaints and affidavits in a light most favorable to Plaintiffs, id., but it does not accept conclusory allegations or draw “argumentative inferences.” Mende v. Milestone Tech., Inc., 269 F.Supp.2d 246, 251 (S.D.N.Y.2003) (citing Robinson v. Overseas Military Sales Corp., 21 F.3d 502, 507 (2d Cir.1994)).
 
[13] Plaintiffs offer two bases for personal jurisdiction. First, New York’s long-arm statute, which the Court looks to in federal question cases in which no federal statute provides for national service of process or when the Court is sitting in diversity. PDK Labs, 103 F.3d at 1108; Bank Brussels Lambert v. Fiddler Gonzalez & Rodriguez, 305 F.3d 120, 124 (2d Cir.2002). *557 New York’s long-arm statute, C.P.L.R. 302(a)(2), provides for personal jurisdiction over a person who, personally or through an agent, “commits a tortious act within the state.” Because a co-conspirator can be considered an agent, see Chrysler Capital Corp. v. Century Power Corp., 778 F.Supp. 1260, 1266 (S.D.N.Y.1991), Plaintiffs argue that Defendants are subject to personal jurisdiction here based on the acts of their co-conspirators, the al Qaeda terrorists.
 
[14] [15] [16] As this Court has previously explained, to establish personal jurisdiction on a conspiracy theory, Plaintiffs must make a prima facie showing of conspiracy and allege facts warranting an inference that the defendant was a member of the conspiracy. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 805. “To plead a valid cause of action for conspiracy ... a plaintiff must allege the primary tort and four elements: ‘(a) a corrupt agreement between two or more persons, (b) an overt act in furtherance of the agreement, (c) the parties’ intentional participation in the furtherance of a plan or purpose, and (d) the resulting damage or injury.’ ” Chrysler Capital Corp., 778 F.Supp. at 1267 (quoting Kashi v. Gratsos, 790 F.2d 1050, 1055 (2d Cir.1986)). Further, “[t]o warrant the inference that a defendant was a member of the conspiracy, Plaintiffs must show that ‘(a) the defendant had an awareness of the effects in New York of its activity; (b) the activity of the co-conspirators in New York was to the benefit of the out-of-state conspirators; and (c) the co-conspirators acting in New York acted ‘at the direction or under the control’ of or ‘at the request of or on behalf of’ the out-of-state defendant.” Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 805 (quoting Chrysler Capital Corp., 778 F.Supp. at 1268–69). The Court must resolve the question of whether a conspiracy exists “based upon an independent examination of the factual allegations while mindful of its duty to draw all factual inferences in plaintiffs’ favor.” Daventree v. Republic of Azerbaijan, 349 F.Supp.2d 736, 760 (S.D.N.Y.2004).
 
The alternative basis for personal jurisdiction offered by Plaintiffs is found in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(k). Rule 4(k)(1) provides that service of process establishes personal jurisdiction when service is authorized by a federal statute. Here, the ATA provides for personal jurisdiction through its nationwide service of process provision. See 18 U.S.C. § 2334(a); Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(k)(1)(D). In situations in which Defendants were not served in the United States pursuant to the ATA, Rule 4(k)(2) acts as a personal jurisdiction gap-filler “in the enforcement of federal law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(k)(2) advisory committee’s note. For the Court to exercise personal jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 4(k)(2), “there must be a federal claim, personal jurisdiction must not exist over the defendant in New York or any other state, and the defendant must have sufficient minimum contacts with the United States as a whole such that the exercise of jurisdiction does not violate Fifth Amendment due process.” Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 807 (citing United States v. Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters, 945 F.Supp. 609, 617 (S.D.N.Y.1996)).
 
[17] Under either basis offered by Plaintiffs, the exercise of personal jurisdiction must comport with due process requirements—there must be minimum contacts and the exercise of jurisdiction must be reasonable. Metro. Life Ins. Co. v. Robertson–Ceco Corp., 84 F.3d 560, 567 (2d Cir.1996); see also Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 810–11 (reviewing due process requirements); Ungar v. Palestinian Auth., 153 F.Supp.2d 76, 87 (D.R.I.2001) (requiring minimum contacts with the United States for personal jurisdiction under *558 ATA). If personal jurisdiction is based on New York’s long-arm statute, the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process standards apply. If jurisdiction is based on Rule 4(k), the Fifth Amendment applies. The analysis is essentially the same. “The principal difference is that under the Fifth Amendment the court can consider the defendant’s contacts throughout the United States, while under the Fourteenth Amendment only contacts with the forum state may be considered.” Chew v. Dietrich, 143 F.3d 24, 28 n. 4 (2d Cir.1998).
 
Plaintiffs claim that Rule 4(k)’s minimum contacts requirement is satisfied because the Defendants have purposefully directed their activities at the United States. See Terrorist Attacks I., 349 F.Supp.2d at 807 (reviewing the purposefully directed activities theory). This Court has held that to succeed on this theory, “Plaintiffs must make a prima facie showing of each Defendant’s personal or direct participation in the conduct giving rise to Plaintiffs’ injuries.” Id. at 809.5 The Court does not require direct participation in the attacks themselves, but at least participation in al Qaeda’s terrorist agenda.
 
[18] In analyzing a defendant’s minimum contacts, courts distinguish between specific and general jurisdiction. “Specific jurisdiction exists when the forum exercises jurisdiction over the defendant in a suit arising out of the defendant’s contacts with that forum.” Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 811 (citing Metro. Life Ins. 84 F.3d at 567–68). General jurisdiction is based on a defendant’s general business contacts with the forum. Because the defendant’s contacts are not related to the suit, a considerably higher level of contacts is generally required and the plaintiff must demonstrate the defendant’s continuous and systematic general business contacts with the forum. Metro. Life. Ins., 84 F.3d at 568; see also Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A., 466 U.S. 408, 414–16, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404 (1984).
 
In most instances, Plaintiffs do not specify which basis for personal jurisdiction applies to each Defendant, or whether the Defendant was served in the United States pursuant to the ATA’s nationwide service of process provision. Accordingly, in analyzing Defendants’ motions, the Court considers as a threshold matter whether Plaintiffs have made a prima facie showing of the Defendant’s minimum contacts with the United States as a whole.
 


 A. Prince Salman and Prince Naif
Plaintiffs seek to hold Prince Salman responsible for the attacks of September 11, theorizing that Prince Salman purposefully directed his activities at the United *559 States by contributing to and raising funds for IIRO, Sanabel-al Kheer, WAMY, and Al–Haramain. As for other contacts with the United States, Prince Salman owns stock in two United States corporations based in Texas, and, during a trip to the United States in 1989, he met with President George H.W. Bush and the governor of Maryland. (Plaintiffs’ Opp’n to Prince Salman Mot. to Dismiss at 21–22; see generally Parrett Aff.) Additionally, Plaintiffs claim that Prince Salman’s son attended school in California, had a residence in the United States, owned a corporation that breeds race horses in the United States, and is involved, through his estate, in a New Jersey lawsuit with a former employee. Id. They seek jurisdictional discovery to determine if Prince Salman has other contacts here.
 
Plaintiffs do not allege that Prince Naif has any general contacts with the United States. Rather, they claim that he purposefully directed his activities toward the United States by making personal contributions to several Saudi-based charities. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 442–43.)
 
[19] Plaintiffs must make a prima facie showing that Prince Salman and Prince Naif have minimum contacts with the United States. The minimum contacts requirement is satisfied “if the defendant has ‘purposefully directed’ his activities at the residents of the forum.” Burger King v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 474, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985). Foreseeability is not enough, there must be “some act by which the defendant purposefully avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum.” Id. Donating money to established humanitarian organizations that may or may not have been diverting funds to support al Qaeda cannot be considered primary participation in intentional wrongdoing expressly aimed at the United States. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 809 (citing In re Magnetic Audiotape Antitrust Litig., 334 F.3d 204, 208 (2d Cir.2003)).
 
As to Prince Salman’s various limited contacts with the United States, they do not support general jurisdiction over him. The 1989 visit to the White House and Maryland is too far removed in time from the 2001 attacks. See, e.g., Metro. Life Ins. Co., 84 F.3d at 569 (explaining that a defendant’s “continuous and systematic” contacts with a forum must be examined over a period of time and finding a six-year period reasonable). Prince Salman’s deceased son’s contacts with the United States are irrelevant to this Court’s analysis. Keeton v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 465 U.S. 770, 781 n. 13, 104 S.Ct. 1473, 79 L.Ed.2d 790 (“Each defendant’s contacts with the forum State must be assessed individually.”). Prince Salman’s ownership of shares in Texas corporations, on its own, cannot be considered sufficiently systematic and continuous to establish general jurisdiction. Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414–16, 104 S.Ct. 1868 (finding CEO’s travel to forum for contract negotiations, employees’ travel to forum for training, receipt of funds drawn on forum bank accounts, and purchase from forum companies were not contacts sufficiently systematic and continuous to establish general jurisdiction). Plaintiffs have not presented a genuine issue of jurisdictional fact such that discovery is necessary. Daventree, 349 F.Supp.2d at 761. Plaintiffs have not satisfied the constitutional requirement of showing that the Princes have minimum contacts with the United States. Accordingly, Prince Salman’s and Prince Naif’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints for lack of personal jurisdiction are granted.
 


 *560 B. Rabita Trust6
[20] Plaintiffs allege that Rabita Trust is
      a charitable organization which was created to organize the repatriation and rehabilitation of stranded Pakistanis from Bangladesh. Founded in 1988, the trust fund was started jointly by the government of Pakistan and the Saudi-based charity, [Defendant MWL]. Rabita Trust received the majority of its funding from the MWL and the Saudis, and [has] been involved with terrorism.
(Ashton Compl. ¶ 521; Burnett Compl. ¶ 268.) The charity initially received funding from its founders to help relocate 250,000 displaced refugees. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 522; Burnett Compl. ¶ 269.) Plaintiffs assert that Rabita Trust has actually relocated only a few hundred refugees. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 522; Burnett Compl. ¶ 269.)
 
On October 12, 2001, the United States Treasury Department designated Rabita Trust a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Entity and froze its assets.7 (Ashton Compl. ¶ 312, 527; Burnett Compl. ¶ 236; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 117, 214.) Rabita Trust is allegedly related to various other charity Defendants and al Qaeda. For instance, as a subsidiary of MWL, it is a “sibling organization of the IIRO.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 525; Burnett Compl. ¶ 272; Federal Compl. ¶ 113.) Through MWL and its own officers, Rabita Trust is also related to the SAAR Network. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 338, 526–28; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 273–75; Federal Compl. ¶ 213.) Plaintiffs claim that “Rabita Trust is an al Qaeda front” and that its General Director, Wa‘el Julaidan, is a known al Qaeda member. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 523; Burnett Compl. ¶ 270; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 100, 121, 210.) In a list of orders obtained in a raid of BIF’s Sarajevo’s offices, investigators allegedly recovered a document from Osama bin Laden regarding the management of Islamic charities in which he urged the creation of a committee to receive and distribute donations to al Qaeda and suggests Rabita Trust’s participation. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 195, 211.)
 
Rabita Trust claims that it does not have an office in the United States and that the complaints are devoid of any allegations that it directed money to terrorists. It admits that it has been designated a terrorist, but claims it does not have the same connections to the United States, bin Laden, and al Qaeda that Defendants Benevolence International Foundation (“BIF”) and Adel A.J. Batterjee had. See Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 823–25 (finding Court had personal jurisdiction over Mr. Batterjee based on his designation as a global terrorist, his role with BIF, another designated terrorist, his *561 leadership of BIF’s United States operations, and his relationship with Osama bin Laden). It also argues that the document that Plaintiffs attribute to Osama bin Laden is similar to the Golden Chain, in that it lacks foundation and authentification. See Terrorist Attacks I., 349 F.Supp.2d at 817 (“The ‘Golden Chain’ is a group of documents that was discovered by Bosnian authorities searching the offices of charity Defendant BIF in March 2002. Plaintiffs claim the ‘Golden Chain’ contains a list of early direct donors to al Qaeda.”)
 
[21] In assessing whether Rabita Trust has purposefully directed its activities at the United States under Rule 4(k), the Court is mindful of the executive branch’s designation of it as a SDGT. While the designation is not dispositive on its own, it does warrant some deference. In the realm of foreign affairs, the executive branch has access to “confidential sources of information [and] agents in the form of diplomatic, consular and other officials.” United States v. Curtiss–Wright Corp., 299 U.S. 304, 320, 57 S.Ct. 216, 81 L.Ed. 255 (1936). Entities are designated under Executive Order 13224 if the executive branch determines they are involved in terrorist activities. See Executive Order 13224 Fact Sheet. Courts enjoy great discretion in deciding whether to order jurisdictional discovery before resolving motions to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. See, e.g., APWU v. Potter, 343 F.3d 619, 627 (2d Cir.2003). This Court finds that such discovery would be helpful in assessing whether any of Rabita Trust’s activities were directed at the United States. Accordingly, Rabita Trust’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied without prejudice.
 


 C. Wa‘el Jalaidan8
[22] The United States Department of Treasury has designated Defendant Jalaidan a terrorist,9 frozen his assets, and named him “one of the founders of al Qaeda.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 304; Burnett Compl. ¶ 255; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 117, 91.) The Treasury Department “characterized [him] as having ‘directed organizations that have provided financial and logistical support to al-Qa-ida, [he] is the logistics chief of bin Laden’s organization and fought on bin Laden’s side in Afghanistan.’ ” (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 304, 312, 523–24; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 236, 255, 271; Federal Compl. ¶ 117; see also Federal Compl. ¶ 196 (claiming documents found in the Bosnian raid of BIF offices contained a note from Osama bin Laden to Jalaidan regarding al Qaeda’s need for weapons).) Further, Osama bin Laden and his lieutenant, Abu Zubaydah, allegedly “have acknowledged Wa‘el Julaidan as a known associate of their operations. Julaidan has been the head of various non-government organizations providing financial and logistical support to the al-Qa‘ida network.” (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 304, 312, 341, 484; Burnett Compl. ¶ 236, 255.)
 
Jalaidan was in charge of the MWL in Peshawar, Pakistan and served as the General Director of Rabita Trust. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 304; Burnett Compl. ¶ 236, 255.) He “operated MWL offices that served in the early days of al Qaeda to attract and train holy warriors from around the world for the war in Afghanistan” and has “repeatedly aided and abetted terrorists.” (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 304, *562 312; Burnett Compl. ¶ 255.) Jalaidan is also allegedly connected to Defendant SJRC. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 484; Federal Compl. ¶ 125.)
 
Defendant Jalaidan argues that the allegations against him are simply allegations of guilt by association, and do not include any specificity regarding dates to put his actions in context. He urges the Court to not rely on his designation as a terrorist by the Treasury Department because he did not have an opportunity to rebut it.
 
Plaintiffs do not claim to have served Mr. Jalaidan in the United States under the ATA’s nationwide service provision. Accordingly, Rule 4(k)(2) may provide a basis for personal jurisdiction. There are several federal claims at issue in this litigation and Plaintiffs have not made a prima facie showing that Mr. Jalaidan is subject to personal jurisdiction in New York or any other state. The Court turns to Mr. Jalaidan’s contacts with the United States. In addition to being designated as a global terrorist by the Department of Treasury, Mr. Jalaidan is alleged to be a founder and the logistical chief of al Qaeda, and affiliated with several other charities that are allegedly in al Qaeda’s fundraising network. In light of al Qaeda’s public declarations of war against the United States, someone who is alleged to be a founder, an admitted associate, and a provider of financial and logistical support to al Qaeda, has purposefully directed his activities at the United States such that the exercise of personal jurisdiction over him is reasonable.10 See Mwani v. bin Laden, 417 F.3d 1, 14 (C.A.D.C. 2005).
 


 D. IIRO11
[23] Plaintiffs claim that IIRO has “materially supported terror around the globe, including Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 310; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 234, 239; Federal Compl. ¶ 133.) In the early 1990s, IIRO “was rapidly becoming al Qaeda’s foremost charity used as a means to transfer funds, personnel, and other means of material support.” (Burnett Compl. ¶ 326; Federal Compl. ¶ 142.) Plaintiffs claim IIRO remains “firmly entrenched with Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda organization” because of its support of an al Qaeda guest house in Egypt, its office’s close proximity to Osama bin Laden’s personal office in Sudan, and its relationship with bin Laden’s brother-in-law Defendant Mohammed Jamal Khalifa. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 310, 315, 317; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 234, 239, 241.)
 
Mohammed Jamal Khalifa headed IIRO’s Philippines office, which served as a center of terrorist financing and training. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 310; Burnett Compl. ¶ 234; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 135–36.) Khalifa collected and laundered money for al Qaeda through IIRO’s Phillipines office. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 316; Burnett Compl. ¶ 240.) Through Khalifa, IIRO was allegedly involved with bombings in Jordan in 1993 and 1994, the 1993 attack on the World Trade Center, plots to assassinate former President Bill Clinton and the late Pope John Paul II and to simultaneously blow up twelve American airliners, and the 1998 Embassy bombings in Africa. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 310, 318, 510–12; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 189, 234, 239 240, 242; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 136, 137, 139.)
 
*563 Plaintiffs claim IIRO supported al Qaeda terrorists in other ways as well. One of the September 11 hijackers claimed to be working for IIRO’s Fazeh Ahed. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 322; Burnett Compl. ¶ 246.) IIRO allegedly funded the Taliban regime with $60,000,000. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 322; Burnett Compl. ¶ 246.) Pakistan deported 89 aid workers from the IIRO on the grounds that they were supporting al Qaeda. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 322; Burnett Compl. ¶ 246; Federal Compl. ¶ 144.) Plaintiffs claim IIRO funded al Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 556; Federal Compl. ¶ 134 (basing allegations on declassified 1996 CIA report alleging IIRO funded six al Qaeda training camps, including those from which it planned, approved, and coordinated the September 11 attacks and where hijackers received training and indoctrination).) IIRO funded Egyptian al-Jihad, a branch of al Qaeda. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 243.) IIRO conducted a joint fundraising event with al-Haramain and WAMY in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in December 1999. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 156.)
 
Defendant MWL is the parent organization of IIRO and uses it as an “operational arm to perform many of its charitable activities.” (Ashton Compl. ¶ 298; Federal Compl. ¶¶ 130–31.) Plaintiffs claim IIRO also works with numerous other charities allegedly affiliated with al Qaeda, including SJRC, BIF, Global Relief Foundation, Taibah International, Islamic African Relief Agency, and WAMY. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 320; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 172, 244; Federal Compl. ¶ 147.) The FBI raided IIRO’s offices in Virginia after September 11, 2001. (Ashton Compl. ¶ 322; Burnett Compl. ¶ 246.)
 
Plaintiffs allege that IIRO operates under the name International Relief Organization (“IRO”) in the United States in Falls Church, Virginia, and that the IIRO and IRO transfer money to each other and have the same president. (Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 311, 320; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 172, 235, 237; Federal Compl. ¶ 146 (U.S. branch established in 1991); see also Parrett Aff. Ex. 1 (attaching IRO’s 1991 certificate of incorporation in Virginia); id. Ex. 2 (attaching IRO’s 1993 certificate for doing business in Virginia under assumed name of International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO)).) IIRO claims IRO was finally dissolved as a corporate entity in December 2002. (Saleh bin Abdallah Alsaikhan Decl. ¶ 10.)
 
The parties agree that this Court’s exercise of personal jurisdiction over IIRO depends on its contacts with the United States as a whole under Rule 4(k)(1). The Court looks, therefore, at IIRO’s contacts with the United States. It appears that IIRO was operating in the United States until December 2002. It is alleged to have supported an al Qaeda guest house. Through its relationship with Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, it has allegedly been involved in several al Qaeda attacks and plots for other attacks. It has allegedly funded the Taliban and al Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan. The Court finds that Plaintiffs have made a prima facie case that IIRO has purposefully directed its activities at the United States, thus satisfying the constitutional minimum contacts requirement. IIRO’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied.
 


III. Failure to State a Claim
In these Rule 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss for failure to state a claim, the Court accepts as true the facts alleged in the complaints and draws all reasonable inferences in favor of Plaintiffs. Harris v. City of New York, 186 F.3d 243, 247 (2d Cir.1999). The complaints should be dismissed only if it appears beyond doubt *564 that Plaintiffs can prove no set of facts in support of their claims that would entitle them to relief. Id.; see also Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69, 73, 104 S.Ct. 2229, 81 L.Ed.2d 59 (1984) (“A court may dismiss a complaint only if it is clear that no relief could be granted under any set of facts that could be proved consistent with the allegations.”).
 
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” “This simplified notice pleading standard relies on liberal discovery rules and summary judgment motions to define disputed facts and issues and to dispose of unmeritorious claims.” Swierkiewicz v. Sorema, N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 512, 122 S.Ct. 992, 152 L.Ed.2d 1 (2002) (citing Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957), Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence & Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 168–69, 113 S.Ct. 1160, 122 L.Ed.2d 517 (1993)). Plaintiffs must still give Defendants fair and adequate notice of their claims and the grounds on which they rest. See Simmons v. Abruzzo, 49 F.3d 83, 86 (2d Cir.1995). “[W]hile Swierkiewicz made clear that pleading a McDonnell Douglas prima facie case was not necessary to survive a motion to dismiss, it did not even remotely suggest that a pleading could survive dismissal when it contained only the barest of conclusory allegations without notice of the factual grounds on which they purport to be based.” Jackson v. BellSouth Telecomms., 372 F.3d 1250, 1270–71 (11th Cir.2004).
 
The Court limits its review to the facts stated in the complaints, documents attached to the complaints as exhibits, and documents incorporated by reference in the complaints. Dangler v. N.Y.C. Off Track Betting Corp., 193 F.3d 130, 138 (2d Cir.1999). For purposes of the RICO claims, the Court also reviews the RICO statements.
 
Plaintiffs claim that Defendants in these lawsuits are liable for the attacks of September 11, in most instances, as co-conspirators, aiders, or abettors with al Qaeda. The Court has held that Defendants may be responsible for the September 11 attacks if they knowingly and intentionally provided material support to al Qaeda. See Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 826. The complaints’ various theories of recovery merit a brief review here. See id. at 825–31.
 
The ATA provides a civil remedy for “[a]ny national of the United States injured in his or her person, property, or business by reason of an act of international terrorism, or his or estate, survivors, or heirs.” 18 U.S.C. § 2333(a). An act of international terrorism includes the provision of material support to terrorists, which is also a criminal act under the ATA. Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1015. The ATA’s criminal provisions define “material support or resources” as “currency or other financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal explosives, personnel, transportation, and other physical assets, except medicine or religious materials.” 18 U.S.C. § 2339A(b); see also Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1015 (finding conduct that violates § 2339A would be sufficient to meet the definition of “international terrorism” in § 2333). This Court adopts the Seventh Circuit’s requirement that Plaintiffs plead that Defendants knew of al Qaeda’s illegal activities, “that they desired to help those activities succeed, and they engaged in some act of helping the illegal activities.” Id. at 1023–24 (finding allegation that defendants are “ ‘front’ organizations with ostensibly legitimate purposes which are actually engaged in *565 fund-raising and money laundering in support of terrorist activities” and that those defendants “supplied money to Hamas to fund terrorist operations” were sufficient to survive 12(b)(6) motion).
 
The ATCA provides a basis for relief when an alien sues for a tort committed in violation of the law of nations. 28 U.S.C. § 1350; Kadic v. Karadzic, 70 F.3d 232, 238 (2d Cir.1995). Aircraft hijacking is considered a violation of international law, Kadic, 70 F.3d at 240, and the ATCA includes “actions premised on a theory of aiding and abetting and conspiracy.” Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, Inc., 244 F.Supp.2d 289, 311 (S.D.N.Y.2003). The ATCA, therefore, may provide a basis of recovery for those Plaintiffs who are aliens.
 
The Federal Plaintiffs include violations of civil RICO in their complaint. Section 1962(c) makes it unlawful “for any person employed by or associated with any enterprise engaged in ... interstate or foreign commerce, to conduct or participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise’s affairs through a pattern of racketeering activity.” 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c). Section 1962(d) makes it “unlawful for any person to conspire to violate any of the provisions of subsections (a), (b), or (c) of this section.” Id. § 1962(d). Section 1964 provides for a private right of action to enforce the statute. Id. § 1964. Plaintiffs must plead an injury resulting from conduct of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity. Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., Inc., 473 U.S. 479, 491 (1985).
 
[24] In Reves v. Ernst & Young, 507 U.S. 170, 113 S.Ct. 1163, 122 L.Ed.2d 525 (1993), the Supreme Court found that liability under § 1962(c) requires that a defendant be a participant “in the operation or management of the enterprise itself.” Id. at 185, 113 S.Ct. 1163. The Court stated:
 Once we understand the word “conduct” to require some degree of direction and the word “participate” to require some part in that direction, the meaning of § 1962(c) comes into focus. In order to “participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise’s affairs,” one must have some part in directing those affairs. Of course, the word “participate” makes clear that RICO liability is not limited to those with primary responsibility for the enterprise’s affairs, just as the phrase “directly or indirectly” makes clear that RICO liability is not limited to those with a formal position in the enterprise, but some part in directing the enterprise’s affairs is required.
Id. at 179, 113 S.Ct. 1163. Therefore “to state a claim for liability under § 1962(c), Plaintiffs must allege that the [Defendants] participated ‘in the operation or management of the enterprise itself,’ which requires that these Defendants must have had some part in directing the enterprise’s affairs.” Redtail Leasing, Inc. v. Bellezza, No. 95 Civ. 5191(JFK), 1997 WL 603496, at *5 (S.D.N.Y. Sept.30, 1997).
 
[25] [26] The TVPA provides a cause of action against individuals who under actual or apparent authority of any foreign nation subject an individual to torture or extrajudicial killing. 28 U.S.C. § 1350 note; Arndt v. UBS AG, 342 F.Supp.2d 132, 141 (E.D.N.Y.2004). The TVPA claims against Rabita Trust, IIRO, Success Foundation, and the SAAR Network entities are dismissed because these Defendants are not individuals. Arndt, 342 F.Supp.2d at 141. The TVPA claims against Tarik Hamdi, Abdulrahman Alamoudi, Wa‘el Jalaidan, and the SAAR Network executives are dismissed because there is no allegation that these Defendants were acting under *566 color of state law. In re: South African Apartheid Litigation, 346 F.Supp.2d 538, 548 (S.D.N.Y.2004) (finding no TVPA claim where complaint did not include allegation of individual acting under color of state law or with significant state aid)
 
Under New York law, Plaintiffs who are personal representatives who sufficiently allege that Defendants caused the death of their represented decedent will have also stated a claim for wrongful death and survival. N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law §§ 5–4.1 (providing claim for wrongful death) and 11–3.2(b) (providing claim for survival).
 
[27] [28] Plaintiffs bring various torts claims against these Defendants. As the Court explained in Terrorist Attacks I, the Federal Plaintiffs’ claims of assault, battery, and intentional infliction of emotional distress are time-barred, and therefore dismissed against Rabita Trust, Wa‘el Jalaidan, IIRO, Tarik Hamdi, Abdulrahman Alamoudi, Mar–Jac Poultry, and the SAAR Network executives. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 829; N.Y. C.P.L.R. 215(3). To the extent the Ashton and Burnett Plaintiffs plead that Defendants are liable for the September 11 attacks as co-conspirators or aiders or abettors of al Qaeda, they will have pled a claim for relief for intentional infliction of emotional distress, which requires extreme and outrageous conduct, intent to cause severe emotional distress, a causal connection between the conduct and the injury, and severe emotional distress. See Stuto v. Fleishman, 164 F.3d 820, 827 (2d Cir.1999). The Federal Plaintiffs’ trespass claims require “the interference with a person’s right to possession of real property either by an unlawful act or a lawful act performed in an unlawful manner.” N.Y. State Nat’l Org. for Women v. Terry, 886 F.2d 1339, 1361 (2d Cir.1989). Provided the Federal Plaintiffs plead that Defendants here acted in concert with the September 11 hijackers, they will have stated a claim for relief for trespass. Finally, the negligence claims against the Defendants are dismissed because the complaints do not allege or identify a duty owed to Plaintiffs by these Defendants. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 830–31.
 
To summarize, the TVPA and negligence claims against all of the Defendants moving for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) here are dismissed. The Federal claims of assault and battery and intentional infliction of emotional distress are also dismissed. The Court reviews the complaints to determine if they state a claim for relief under the ATA and RICO. If Plaintiffs state a claim for relief under the ATA, they will have also stated a claim for wrongful death and survival, the Federal Plaintiffs will have stated a claim for trespass, and the Ashton and Burnett Plaintiffs will have stated claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress. Plaintiffs who are aliens will have also stated a claim for relief under the ATCA.
 


 A. Tarik Hamdi12
[29] The Burnett and Federal Plaintiffs allege that after 1996, when Osama bin Laden declared war on Americans, Tarik Hamdi allegedly arranged for the delivery of a battery for a satellite phone used by Osama bin Laden. (Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 245, 581 (citing arguments of then-AUSA Kenneth Karas); Federal RICO Statement Ex. A.) Osama bin Laden allegedly used that phone and battery pack to coordinate and order the African embassy bombings. (Federal RICO Statement Ex. A.)
 
*567 Plaintiffs also allege that Hamdi is affiliated with various al Qaeda operatives. For instance, he has connections with the Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights (“CDLR”) and the Advice and Reformation Committee (“ARC”), two dissident Saudi groups with ties to Osama bin Laden. (Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 561–62.) A radical Arabic publication allegedly provided a phone number registered in Hamdi’s name when it advertised the contact information of CDLR’s U.S. branch. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 580.) CDLR published bin Laden’s October 12, 1996 fatwa on the Muslim Students Association listserve, the “MSA News.” (Burnett Compl. ¶ 584.) Plaintiffs claim that ARC allegedly serves as al Qaeda’s front in the United Kingdom and facilitates communication to and from Osama bin Laden. (Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 562, 564, 575, 577, 584–85.) Hamdi is also alleged to have connections to Khalid al-Fawwaz, one of the masterminds of the embassy bombings. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 582.) Finally, Plaintiffs claim Hamdi is a co-conspirator with the SAAR Network. He worked at IIIT in Herndon, Virginia, “the central address surrounding the SAAR Foundation raids, evidence and investigation.” (Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 267, 583; Federal Compl. ¶ 146, 224.)
 
Hamdi asserts that he is a journalist. He argues that ABC requested that he arrange the interview with Osama bin Laden and that he did not purchase the phone or battery pack. He claims he has not had any ties to CDLR since 1995. He admits that he worked at IIIT as an editor. These factual disputes cannot be resolved on a 12(b)(6) motion.
 
[30] The Federal Plaintiffs have not alleged that Mr. Hamdi participated in the operation or management of any enterprise. The RICO claims against Mr. Hamdi must be dismissed. See Redtail Leasing, Inc. v. Bellezza, 1997 WL 603496 at *5. Plaintiffs allege that Mr. Hamdi knew about bin Laden’s terrorist activities at the time he procured a phone for him because the first fatwas had already been issued. They allege he provided material support to bin Laden in the form of a satellite phone battery. The ATA includes communications equipment in its definition of material support. See 18 U.S.C. § 2339A(b). “[E]ven small donations made knowingly and intentionally in support of terrorism may meet the standard for civil liability in section 2333.” Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1015. These allegations are sufficient to notify Mr. Hamdi of the claims against him. Tarik Hamdi’s motions to dismiss the Burnett and Federal complaints are denied.
 


 B. Abdulrahman Alamoudi13
Defendant Abdulrahman Alamoudi has connections with several organizations that the Burnett and Federal Plaintiffs claim support terrorism. He is Vice President of Taibah International Aid Association’s U.S. branch. (Federal Compl. ¶ 245.) Plaintiffs claim Taibah was implicated in the 1998 embassy bombings. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 66, 239, 244.) Additionally, Taibah allegedly works closely with designated-terrorist Global Relief Fund and SHC and has diverted funds to al Qaeda and its affiliates in Bosnia. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 241, 243.) Through Taibah, Alamoudi is also connected with several SAAR Network entities, including American Muslim Council, American Muslim Foundation, Hajj Foundation, Happy Hearts Trust, IIRO, and Success Foundation. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 245, 490; Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 237, 248.) He allegedly used his SAAR connections to funnel money to al Qaeda *568 through various fronts. (Federal Compl. ¶ 247.)
 
Plaintiffs allege that Alamoudi has openly stated his support for Hamas and Hezbollah, both designated terrorist organizations that cooperate with al Qaeda. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 50, 53 Burnett Compl. ¶ 237.)
 
In August 2003, Alamoudi was detained at Heathrow Airport on his way to Syria. Customs officers seized approximately $340,000 in sequentially numbered bills, two U.S. passports, and one Yemeni passport. (Federal Compl. ¶ 246.) Alamoudi was arrested by U.S. officials at Washington Dulles Airport on September 28, 2003. (Federal Compl. ¶ 247.) He subsequently pleaded guilty to unlicensed travel to and commerce with Libya, false statements on his naturalization application, and tax offenses involving Libyan financial transactions. (Federal Mem. in Opp’n at 6.) He is currently serving a twenty-three year sentence. (Id.)
 
[31] [32] [33] The Burnett complaint does not allege any act taken by Mr. Alamoudi that could be considered the provision of material support for al Qaeda. The Federal complaint is sustained inasmuch as it claims that Mr. Alamoudi funneled money to al Qaeda through the charities with which he was involved. (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 241, 243.) See 18 U.S.C. § 2339(A) (including “currency or other financial securities [and] financial services” in definition of material support). This claim puts Mr. Alamoudi on notice that he is alleged to have provided financial material support to al Qaeda. Because the Federal complaint does not allege that Mr. Alamoudi had any role in directing an enterprise, however, the RICO claims against Mr. Alamoudi are dismissed. In sum, Mr. Alamoudi’s motion to dismiss the Burnett complaint is granted; his motion to dismiss the Federal complaint is denied.
 


 C. Success Foundation14
[34] The Burnett Plaintiffs claim that Success Foundation is a sister company to Defendant IIRO and that it “sends money back and forth with the IIRO and IRO” and other sponsors of terror. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 235.) If given the opportunity to replead its allegations against Success, the Plaintiffs would allege that, in 1998, Success Foundation entered into a contract to act as an agent for Defendant Taibah, which has since been designated a global terrorist.
 
The complaint does not allege that Success Foundation knew the money it was transferring between IIRO and IRO would somehow assist al Qaeda, nor does it allege facts showing that Success Foundation knew the other unnamed organizations to which it transferred money were in the business of supporting terrorism. See Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1012 (“To hold the defendants liable for donating money without knowledge of the donee’s intended criminal use of the funds would impose strict liability. Nothing in the language of the statute or its structure or history supports that formulation.”). The Burnett complaint is against Success Foundation is dismissed without prejudice.
 


 D. Wa‘el Jalaidan
[35] For the reasons the Court found that it has personal jurisdiction over Mr. Jalaidan, the Court finds the Plaintiffs have stated a claim for relief against him. Plaintiffs have alleged facts, that if true, would be sufficient to prove that he knowingly provided material support to al Qaeda in the form of financial and logistical support. See 18 U.S.C. § 2339(A) (including *569 “currency or other financial securities, financial services, ... weapons, [and] personnel” in definition of material support). The Federal complaint does not allege that Jalaidan directed an enterprise and the RICO claim is dismissed. Wa‘el Jalaidan’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied
 


 E. IIRO
[36] Similarly, for the reasons the Court found that Plaintiffs made a prima facie demonstration that IIRO has purposefully directed its activities at the United States, the Court finds they have stated a claim under the ATA in that IIRO has allegedly funded al Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan, supported al Qaeda guest houses, and been involved in other terrorist attacks and plots. See 18 U.S.C. § 2339(A) (including “currency or other financial securities, financial services, ... weapons, [and] personnel” in definition of material support). IIRO’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied.
 


 F. Rabita Trust
[37] Rabita Trust moves to dismiss the complaints against it for failure to state a claim. These motions are denied without prejudice until this Court determines whether it has personal jurisdiction over Rabita Trust.
 


 G. SAAR Network Defendants15


 1. Entities
The Burnett and Ashton complaints’ allegations against the SAAR Network entities are substantially similar to one another.16 Paragraph 267 of the Burnett complaint and paragraph 339 of the Ashton complaint both state:
 
 Co-conspirators, material sponsors, and/or aiders and abettors of the SAAR Network include Defendants ... African Muslim Agency, ... Grove Corporate, Inc., Heritage Education Trust, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Mar–Jac Investments, Inc., Mar–Jac Poultry, Inc., ... Reston Investments, Inc., ... Safa Trust, ... and York Foundation, all located doing business or registered to do business in the United States.
In support of their claims against these Defendants, Plaintiffs rely primarily on their allegations against the “SAAR Foundation and network.” (See Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 261–67; Ashton Compl. ¶¶ 333–39.) The SAAR Foundation, allegedly a financial sponsor of terror, was formed in the 1970s by a group of Muslim scholars and scientists. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 261; Ashton Compl. ¶ 333.) It was incorporated in Virginia in 1983 and dissolved in December 2000. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 261; Ashton Compl. ¶ 333.) Its largest donor is the al Rajhi family of Saudi Arabia. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 261; Ashton Compl. ¶ 333.)
 
The complaints claim that over one hundred “affiliated organizations” are registered or are doing business at one of the SAAR Foundation’s addresses in Herndon, Virginia, but many “do not maintain a physical presence at that address, or elsewhere.” *570 (Burnett Compl. ¶ 262; Ashton Compl. ¶ 334.) The complaints further allege that many of the “SAAR Network” organizations’ offices in Herndon were raided in March 2002 as part of Operation Greenquest to investigate “potential money laundering and tax evasion activities and their ties to terrorist groups such as ... al Qaeda as well as individual terrorists ... (including) Osama bin Laden.” (Burnett Compl. ¶ 263; Ashton Compl. ¶ 335.) As noted above, Plaintiffs claim that the entity Defendants are among numerous co-conspirators, material sponsors, and/or aiders and abettors of the SAAR Network. (Burnett Compl. ¶ 267; Ashton Compl. ¶ 339.) The Plaintiffs also refer the Court to their allegations regarding charity sponsors of terror. (See, e.g., Burnett Compl. ¶¶ 150–53 (alleging, for example, that charity Defendants “are used as terrorist fronts, to mask money transfers and provide cover for terrorist operatives”).) Additionally, the Ashton complaint claims that IIIT received its “operating expenses” from SAAR and “in turn financed two Florida charitable organizations accused of being cells for Islamic Jihad in Florida.” (Id. ¶ 579.)
 
Unlike the SAAR Network entities whose motions to dismiss the Federal complaint the Court considered in its previous opinion and order, see Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 822–23, these Defendants do not dispute that this Court has personal jurisdiction over them. Although each of these moving Defendants filed a separate motion to dismiss, their arguments in favor of dismissal are similar.17 They argue that, even “assum[ing] that plaintiffs have stated a claim against the ‘SAAR Network,’ ” (see, e.g., African Muslim Agency’s Mem. in Supp. Mot. to Dismiss at 3, n.1) the complaints must be dismissed because they contain only conclusory allegations that they are “co-conspirator[s], material sponsor[s], and/or aider[s] and abettor[s] of the SAAR Network.” (Burnett Compl. ¶ 267; Ashton Compl. ¶ 339.) Further, they argue that the complaints must be dismissed because they do not allege that they donated any money improperly, or with the knowledge that it would be given to Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda, or to any other charity allegedly funneling money to terrorists.
 
[38] Plaintiffs offer the legal conclusion that the SAAR Network entities conspired with the SAAR Network. These Defendants, however, have no notice of the factual grounds on which Plaintiffs’ claims of conspiracy are based. See Jackson, 372 F.3d at 1271 (explaining Swierkiewicz does not permit bare conclusory allegations without notice of the factual grounds on which they purport to be based); see also Bodner v. Banque Paribas, 114 F.Supp.2d 117, 125 (E.D.N.Y.2000) (noting the Second Circuit “has dismissed complaints which plead conspiracy in vague or conclusory terms and which do not allege specific instances of misconduct in furtherance of the conspiracy”); Ying Jing Gan v. City of New York, 996 F.2d 522, 534 (2d Cir.1993) (explaining that on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, “legal conclusions, deductions or opinions couched as factual allegations are not given a presumption of truthfulness”) (internal quotations omitted)). The Burnett complaint against African Muslim Agency, Grove Corporate, Heritage Education Trust, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Mar–Jac Investments, Mar–Jac Poultry, Reston Investments, Safa Trust, *571 and York Foundation is therefore dismissed without prejudice. For the same reasons, the Ashton complaint against Mar–Jac Poultry is dismissed without prejudice.
 
[39] The Ashton complaint alleges one action by IIIT in support of its claims—that it allegedly financed two charitable organizations in Florida accused of being Islamic Jihad cells. The complaint does not allege that IIIT knew these charities were Islamic Jihad cells or whether and how these cells participated in or contributed to al Qaeda’s agenda of terror. See Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1011–12 (making donations to an alleged terrorist group, without “knowledge of and intent to further payee’s violent criminal acts,” cannot sustain cause of action). Accordingly, the Ashton complaint against IIIT is dismissed without prejudice.
 
[40] In support of the claim that Mar–Jac Poultry is a material sponsor of terrorism, Plaintiffs allege two acts: first, that it donated money to African Muslim Agency, which the Plaintiffs claim was later “laundered,” and second, that it donated money to unnamed SAAR Network entities, which was later forwarded to al Qaeda. (See Federal RICO Statement Applicable to SAAR Network Entities at 5(f) and Ex. A.) The RICO claim against Mar–Jac Poultry is dismissed because it is not alleged that Mar–Jac had any role in directing an enterprise, see Redtail Leasing, Inc., 1997 WL 603496, at *5. The Federal complaint does not provide Mar–Jac Poultry with notice as to how it could be liable for the terrorist attacks. See Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1012 (“To hold the defendants liable for donating money without knowledge of the donee’s intended criminal use of the funds would impose strict liability. Nothing in the language of the statute or its structure or history supports that formulation.”). Mar–Jac’s motion to dismiss the Federal complaint is therefore granted.
 


 2. Executives
[41] Taha Al–Awani, Muhammad Ashraf, M. Omar Ashraf, M. Yaqub Mirza, and Iqbal Unus are SAAR Network executives who are mentioned once in the Federal complaint in a long list of Defendants who allegedly “have aided and abetted, conspired with, and provided material support and resources to, defendant al Qaida and/or affiliated FTOs, associations, organizations or persons, as described herein.” (Federal Compl. ¶ 66.) The complaint does not include any other allegations against these Defendants.
 
The Federal complaint alleges that Jamal Barzinji, another SAAR Network executive who moves to dismiss the complaint, is a Saudi national who, “through his various for-profit enterprises and involvement with charities and individuals operating within al Qaida’s infrastructure, has long provided material support and resources to al Qaida.” (Federal Compl. ¶¶ 490–91.) Barzinji has served as a board member of, or been associated with, several SAAR Network entities, including IIIT, WAMY, Safa Trust, Mar–Jac Poultry, and SAAR Foundation. Id. ¶ 490 (claiming that while he was the President of Safa Trust, he “held authority over eighteen bank accounts”). He is a business associate of the designated terrorist Yousef Nada. (Id.) According to unnamed federal authorities, Barzinji “committed and conspired to: transit money internationally for the purpose of promoting offenses against foreign nations involving murder or the destruction of property by means of explosive, fire, kidnapping or extortion ...; provide material support or resources to foreign terrorist organizations ...; and provide material support or conceal or disguise the source of ownership of material support *572 intended for use in preparation for or in carrying out a terrorist act.” (Id.)
 
The RICO statement provides additional associations between each of these SAAR Network executives and the SAAR Network. (See Federal RICO Statement Applicable to the SAAR Network Executives at Ex. A (alleging in their roles as executives of SAAR Network entities, each of these Defendants committed multiple acts of conspiracy to commit multiple crimes).) Specifically, Taha Al–Alwani was President of IIIT and an officer of Heritage Education Trust; Muhammad Ashraf was an officer and/or director of Sterling Investment Group, Sterling Charitable Gift Fund, and York Foundation; M. Omar Ashraf was an officer and/or director of Grove Corporate Plaza, Mar–Jac Investments, and Sterling Charitable Gift Fund; Yaqub Mirza served as an officer and/or director of African Muslim Agency, Mar–Jac Investments, Mar–Jac Poultry, Reston Investments, SAAR Foundation, Safa Trust, where he was the principal signatory on Safa Group checks, and York International; Iqbal Yunus was a director of Child Development Foundation, a SAAR Network entity, and was associated with Sterling Charitable Gift Fund, and Sterling Management Group; finally, Jamal Barzinji was president of Safa Trust and a director of Mar–Jac Poultry, Reston Investments, IIIT, and Safa Trust. (Id. at 5(f) and Ex. A.)
 
The complaint does not state a claim for relief against Taha Al–Awani, Muhammad Ashraf, M. Omar Ashraf, M. Yaqub Mirza, or Iqbal Unus on a civil RICO theory or under the ATA. Reading the complaint as a whole and considering the overlap of executives among the SAAR Network entities, the complaint does not adequately provide these Defendants with notice as to how they provided material support to al Qaeda terrorists. See Boim II, 291 F.3d at 1023 (explaining a claim under the ATA must include allegation that defendant knew about terrorists’ illegal activities, defendant wanted to help those activities succeed, and defendant engaged in an act of helping). The Federal complaint against Taha Al–Awani, Muhammad Ashraf, M. Omar Ashraf, M. Yaqub Mirza, and Iqbal Unus is dismissed without prejudice.
 
[42] [43] Jamal Barzinji controlled several bank accounts. (Federal Compl. ¶ 490.) He has allegedly transmitted money internationally for terrorist purposes. (Id.) He allegedly made these transfers to support al Qaeda. (Id. at ¶¶ 490–91.) The Federal Plaintiffs do not allege that Mr. Barzinji participated in the operation or management of their claimed RICO enterprise, and the RICO claim against him is dismissed. Reves, 507 U.S. at 179, 113 S.Ct. 1163. But Mr. Barzinji does have sufficient notice of the claims against him regarding his alleged provision of material support in the form of financial transactions to al Qaeda. See 18 U.S.C. § 2339(A) (including provision of “currency or other financial securities [and] financial services” in definition of material support) Accordingly, his motion to dismiss the Federal complaint is denied.
 


IV. NCB’s Motion for Reconsideration
In deciding NCB’s motions to dismiss the Ashton and Burnett complaints, the Court ruled that NCB’s status as a foreign sovereign for purposes of immunity under the FSIA was unclear. It also questioned whether it had personal jurisdiction over NCB. The Court ordered limited jurisdictional discovery on both issues. Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 792, 820. In light of the possible lack of subject matter and personal jurisdiction, the Court refrained from deciding NCB’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. NCB *573 moves for reconsideration of those decisions.
 


 A. Standard
[44] [45] A motion for reconsideration is appropriate where a court overlooks “controlling decisions or factual matters that were put before it on the underlying motion ... and which, had they been considered, might have reasonably altered the result before the court.” Range Road Music, Inc. v. Music Sales Corp., 90 F.Supp.2d 390, 392 (S.D.N.Y.2000); see also Shrader v. CSX Transp. Inc., 70 F.3d 255, 257 (2d Cir.1995) (“The standard for granting a motion [for reconsideration] is strict, and ... will generally be denied unless the moving party can point to controlling decisions or data that the court overlooked....”). A motion for reconsideration may also be granted to “correct a clear error or prevent manifest injustice.” Doe v. New York City Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 709 F.2d 782, 789 (2d Cir.1983).
 


 B. The Court Will Consider NCB’s Personal Jurisdiction Defense First
NCB offers two bases for reconsideration. First, NCB argues that even if the Court becomes assured of its subject matter and personal jurisdiction over NCB, Plaintiffs’ claims are doomed because the Court dismissed similar claims against Al Rajhi Bank, Saudi American Bank, and Arab Bank. NCB contends that Center for Reproductive Law & Policy v. Bush, 304 F.3d 183, 194–95 (2d Cir.2002), supports its theory that the Court does not need to establish jurisdiction over NCB because the Court’s dismissal of other Saudi banks “foreordains” NCB’s dismissal on 12(b)(6) grounds. Alternatively, NCB urges the Court to limit this litigation’s intrusion on Saudi Arabia and postpone resolution of its FSIA immunity defense until after the personal jurisdiction question is resolved.
 
The Ashton and Burnett Plaintiffs argue that the Court should not consider NCB’s reliance on Bush because it was not raised in NCB’s original motion to dismiss. Moreover, they are adamant that jurisdictional questions must be resolved first. See Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment, 523 U.S. 83, 94–95, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (“The requirement that jurisdiction be established as a threshold matter springs from the nature and limits of the judicial power of the United States and is inflexible and without exception.”) (internal citation and quotations omitted). And in Plaintiffs’ view, the subject matter jurisdiction question must be resolved before the Court addresses personal jurisdiction. See Reiss v. Societe Centrale Du Groupe Des Assurances Nationales, 235 F.3d 738, 746 (2d Cir.2000) (“The initial question to be answered in this case is not whether there is personal jurisdiction within the meaning of the New York [C.P.L.R.] but whether there is subject matter jurisdiction within the meaning of the [FSIA].”). Plaintiffs submit that it would be inefficient to separate the personal jurisdiction discovery from the FSIA discovery since the two inquiries are related. Finally, Plaintiffs argue that the Court’s rulings on the other Saudi banks’ Rule 12(b)(6) motions cannot apply to NCB because the allegations against the various banks are not identical.
 
In Bush, following the Supreme Court’s instructions in Steel Co., the district court dismissed the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction after finding plaintiffs lacked standing to sue. On appeal, the Second Circuit found the case “exceptional,” because twelve years earlier it had “entertained and rejected, on the merits, the same constitutional challenge to the provision at issue.” Bush, 304 F.3d at 186; *574 see also Planned Parenthood Fed. of Am. v. Agency of Int’l Devl., 915 F.2d 59 (2d Cir.1990) (rejecting same constitutional challenge to same governmental provision). It explained two exceptions to the general rule that courts “ordinarily ... are not to assume the existence of jurisdiction in favor of reaching an ‘easier’ merits issue.” Bush, 304 F.3d at 193 (quoting Fidelity Partners, Inc. v. First Trust, Co. of N.Y., 142 F.3d 560, 565 (2d Cir.1998)).
 
The only exception relevant here is “in those ‘particular circumstances’ where the outcome on the merits has been ‘foreordained’ by another case such that the ‘jurisdictional question could have no effect on the outcome,’ provided the court ‘does not use the pretermission of the jurisdictional question as a device for reaching a question of law that otherwise would have gone unaddressed.’ ” Bush, 304 F.3d at 194 (quoting Steel Co., 523 U.S. at 98, 118 S.Ct. 1003). The exception stems from Secretary of Navy v. Avrech, 418 U.S. 676, 94 S.Ct. 3039, 41 L.Ed.2d 1033 (1974), in which the Supreme Court dismissed a constitutional challenge to a governmental provision on the merits before reaching the jurisdiction question because the Court had earlier rejected a similar constitutional challenge to the same provision in Parker v. Levy, 417 U.S. 733, 94 S.Ct. 2547, 41 L.Ed.2d 439 (1974). See Bush, 304 F.3d at 194 (describing Avrech and Parker ). Accordingly, in Bush, the Second Circuit skipped the initial-and “novel”—standing question because that analysis would have been rendered “advisory” by “a controlling decision of this Court [that] has already entertained and rejected the same constitutional challenge to the same [governmental] provision.” Id. at 195 (limiting holding to constitutional challenges to governmental provisions).
 
NCB’s reliance on Bush cannot prevail here. The exception relied on in Bush is limited to constitutional challenges to governmental provisions. Bush, 304 F.3d at 195; see also Steel Co., 523 U.S. at 99, 118 S.Ct. 1003. Here, the merits of NCB’s liability for the attacks of September 11 do not present a constitutional challenge to a governmental provision such that skipping the jurisdiction question would be appropriate.
 
In its alternative argument for reconsideration, NCB requests that the Court postpone resolution of the subject matter jurisdiction question posed by the FSIA until NCB’s personal jurisdiction defense is resolved. NCB argues that such a course would lead to its quicker dismissal from the litigation and would limit the intrusion into Saudi affairs since personal jurisdiction discovery would involve only NCB’s contacts with the United States and not Saudi Arabia’s relationship to NCB.
 
The Supreme Court and Second Circuit agree that there are certain circumstances in which it is appropriate to give priority to the personal jurisdiction inquiry. See Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon Oil Co., 526 U.S. 574, 578, 588, 119 S.Ct. 1563, 143 L.Ed.2d 760 (1999) (holding “there is no unyielding jurisdictional hierarchy ... [and] there are circumstances in which a district court appropriately accords priority to a personal jurisdiction inquiry” and finding no abuse of discretion where a court resolves a straightforward personal jurisdiction question before a novel subject matter jurisdiction question); Cantor Fitzgerald v. Peaslee, 88 F.3d 152, 155 (2d Cir.1996) (upholding district court’s decision to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction before considering whether it had subject matter jurisdiction and finding “[o]n some occasions ... considerations of judicial economy and restraint may persuade the court to avoid a difficult question of subject-matter jurisdiction when the case may be disposed of on a simpler *575 ground”). Further, deference to foreign sovereigns under the FSIA “need not imply priority of immunity determination.... If one (or more) of the other jurisdictional defenses hold out the promise of being cheaply decisive, and the defendant wants it decided first, it may well be best to grapple with it (or them) first.” In re Minister Papandreou, 139 F.3d 247, 254 (D.C.Cir.1998).
 
[46] Here, the Court finds that the personal jurisdiction issue raised by NCB is “straightforward” when compared to the more “difficult” subject matter jurisdiction question posed by NCB’s status within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. See Ruhrgas, 526 U.S. at 588, 119 S.Ct. 1563; see also Terrorist Attacks I, 349 F.Supp.2d at 789–792 (analyzing NCB’s status as a foreign sovereign). Additionally, NCB acknowledges that personal jurisdiction discovery will only involve it, its relationship to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is sufficiently remote that an inquiry into NCB’s contacts with the United States will not intrude on the inner workings of the Kingdom’s government. Finally, discovery regarding NCB’s FSIA defense would necessarily subject the Kingdom to discovery, which the Court is hesitant to do unnecessarily. See First City, Texas–Houston, N.A. v. Rafidain Bank, 150 F.3d 172, 176 (2d Cir.1998); see also Arriba Ltd. v. Petroleos Mexicanos, 962 F.2d 528, 534 (5th Cir.1992) (recommending that “discovery should be ordered circumspectly and only to verify allegations of specific facts crucial to an immunity determination”).
 
For all the foregoing reasons, the Court reconsiders its order regarding simultaneous subject matter and personal jurisdiction discovery. See Shrader, 70 F.3d at 257 (“[I]n light of [defendant’s] introduction of additional relevant case law ... we cannot say that reconsider[ation is] an abuse of discretion.”). Further inquiry into NCB’s status as a foreign sovereign is postponed until the parties have completed their personal jurisdiction discovery and this Court has determined whether it has personal jurisdiction over NCB. See Ruhrgas, 526 U.S. at 588, 119 S.Ct. 1563; In re Arbitration Between Monegasque De Reasurrances S.A.M., 311 F.3d 488, 498 (2d Cir.2002) (noting “dismissal for want of personal jurisdiction is independent of the merits and does not require subject-matter jurisdiction”) (quoting In re Minister Papandreou, 139 F.3d at 255–56).
 


V. Conclusion
For the reasons explained above, SHC’s motion to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is granted. Prince Salman’s motion to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints for lack of subject matter and personal jurisdiction is granted. Prince Naif’s motion to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints for lack of subject matter and personal jurisdiction is granted. Rabita Trust’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied without prejudice. Wa‘el Jalaidan’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied, but the RICO, TVPA, negligence, and Federal intentional tort claims against him are dismissed. IIRO’s motions to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints are denied, but the RICO, TVPA, negligence, and Federal intentional tort claims against it are dismissed. Tarik Hamdi’s motions to dismiss the Burnett and Federal complaints are denied, but the RICO, TVPA, negligence, and Federal intentional tort claims against him are dismissed. Abdulrahman Alamoudi’s motion to dismiss the Burnett complaint is granted; his motion to dismiss the Federal complaint is *576 denied, but the RICO, TVPA, intentional tort, and negligence claims are dismissed. Success Foundation’s motion to dismiss the Burnett complaint is granted. The motions by African Muslim Agency, Grove Corporate, Heritage Education Trust, IIIT, Mar–Jac Investments, Reston Investments, Safa Trust, and York Foundation to dismiss the Burnett complaint are granted. IIIT’s motion to dismiss the Ashton complaint is granted. Mar–Jac Poultry’s motions to dismiss the Burnett, Ashton, and Federal complaints are granted. The motions to dismiss the Federal complaint by Taha Al–Awani, Muhammad Ashraf, M. Omar Ashraf, M. Yaqub Mirza, and Iqbal Unus are granted. Jamal Barzinji’s motion to dismiss the Federal complaint is denied, but the RICO, TVPA, intentional tort, and negligence claims against him are dismissed. National Commercial Bank’s motion to reconsider the Court’s January 18 opinion and order is granted to the extent that it requests the Court to consider its personal jurisdiction defense before resolving the FSIA issue.
    So ordered.
 
All Citations
392 F.Supp.2d 539, 10 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 789

Footnotes
	
1
	SHC moves to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, Federal, Barrera, and Salvo complaints. The Court consolidated Barrera v. al Qaeda Islamic Army, 03 Civ. 7038, with Ashton on December 6, 2004. Similarly, at Plaintiffs’ request, the Court consolidated Salvo v. al Qaeda Islamic Army, 03 Civ. 5071, with Burnett on August 16, 2005.
	
2
	Prince Salman moves to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints.
	
3
	Prince Naif moves to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints.
	
4
	The French Interior Minister named one charity, the World Islamic League, during his meeting. Plaintiffs claim this is another name for the Muslim World League.
	
5
	Plaintiffs bring the Court’s attention to Mwani v. bin Laden, 417 F.3d 1 (D.C.Cir.2005), in which the D.C. Circuit found that Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda were subject to personal jurisdiction under Rule 4(k)(2) because they had “engaged in unabashedly malignant actions directed at and felt in this forum.” Id. at 13 (citing, among other examples, bin Laden’s and al Qaeda’s orchestration of the Nairobi embassy bombing and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, their plot to bomb various landmarks in New York City, their fatwas against Americans, the criminal indictment against them arising from the Nairobi attack, and the conclusions of the 9/11 Commission). As a result, their “decision to purposefully direct their terror at the United States, and the fact that the plaintiffs’ injuries arose out of one of those terrorist activities, should suffice to cause the defendants to ‘reasonably anticipate being haled into’ an American court.” Id. at 14. In light of the level of bin Laden’s and al Qaeda’s unquestionably direct involvement in the Nairobi attack, Mwani supports this Court’s conclusion that a defendant’s actions must be personal or direct so that the defendant has fair warning that his activities could subject him to personal jurisdiction in the United States. Id.
	
6
	Rabita Trust moves to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints.
	
7
	Certain Defendants have been designated Specially Designated Global Terrorists (“SDGTs”) pursuant to Executive Order 13224. In response to the attacks of September 11, President Bush issued Executive Order 13224 on September 23, 2001, pursuant to the authorities of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. § 1701 et seq., the National Emergencies Act, 50 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq., United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 287(c), and 3 U.S.C. § 301. The Secretaries of State and Treasury, in consultation with each other and the Attorney General, may designate individuals or entities if they determine the individual or entity has committed or poses the risk of committing acts of terrorism, or are owned or controlled by terrorists, or assist in or sponsor terrorism. As a result, the property and interests of the SDGT that come within the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked. The process is intended to deter contributions to designated persons and entities and heighten public awareness regarding links to terrorism. See Executive Order 13224 Fact Sheet available at http:// www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2002/16181.htm.
	
8
	Wa‘el Jalaidan moves to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints.
	
9
	At oral argument Plaintiffs alleged and Defendant heard for the first time, that Saudi Arabia and the United Nations have also designated him a terrorist.
	
10
	In reaching this conclusion, the Court did not consider the supplemental material that the Burnett and Federal Plaintiffs submitted in opposition to Mr. Jalaidan’s motions to dismiss. (See Letter from Sean P. Carter to Court of June 23, 2005; Letter from Jodi Westbrook Flowers to Court of June 24, 2005.)
	
11
	IIRO moves to dismiss the Ashton, Burnett, and Federal complaints.
	
12
	Tarik Hamdi moves to dismiss the Burnett and Federal complaints.
	
13
	Abdulrahman Alamoudi moves to dismiss the Burnett and Federal complaints.
	
14
	Success Foundation moves to dismiss the Burnett complaint.
	
15
	Certain of these Defendants object to the label “SAAR Network Defendants,” arguing there is no such entity and that, even if there were, Plaintiffs cannot agree as to which Defendants are included in the network. The Court refers to these Defendants under this label solely because Plaintiffs have so-identified these Defendants in their complaints.
	
16
	African Muslim Agency, Grove Corporate, Heritage Education Trust, IIIT, Mar–Jac Investments, Mar–Jac Poultry, Reston Investments, Safa Trust, and York Foundation move to dismiss the Burnett complaint. IIIT and Mar–Jac Poultry also move to dismiss the Ashton complaint. Mar–Jac Poultry moves to dismiss the Federal complaint as well.
	
17
	The Burnett Plaintiffs filed one opposition brief in response to all of the SAAR Network entities’ motions, except Mar–Jac Poultry. The Ashton Plaintiffs filed a single opposition brief in response to IIIT’s and Mar–Jac Poultry’s motions to dismiss. The Burnett and Federal Plaintiffs filed separate briefs opposing Mar–Jac Poultry’s motions to dismiss.
	



End of Document
                                        	© 2019 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
	




In re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, 392 F.Supp.2d 539 (2005)
		
10 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 789
		


 © 2019 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
		

"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011922.txt,"64. —— Plaintiff was forced to commit illegal acts by traveling away from the sight of the
deposition and during the time period of the deposition.
65. Defendant Epstein attempted to subvert justice and this attempt contributed to the
destruction of Plaintiffs business, Plaintiff MC2. Plaintiff Brunel lost substantial time away
from his business and incurred expenses in following Epstein’s commands.
66. Plaintiffs were substantially damaged as a direct result of Epstein’s actions.
WHEREFORE, PLAINTIFFS request judgment against DEFENDANT as follows:

A. Damages in excess of fifteen-thousand dollars; trial by jury and

B. Grant other such relief as is appropriate.

COUNT Il —- INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS UPON
PLAINTIFF BRUNEL - AS TO DEFENDANT JEFFREY EPSTEIN

67. The allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 44 above are re-alleged and
incorporated herein by reference.
68. Defendant Epstein recklessly inflicted emotional distress upon Plaintiff Brunel by
engaging in illegal conduct with under-aged girls, which was falsely linked to Plaintiffs.
69. =‘ This illegal conduct was extreme and outrageous by any standard.
70. This extreme and outrageous conduct was the direct cause of extreme emotional distress
in Plaintiff Brunel.
WHEREFORE, PLAINTIFF BRUNEL requests judgment against DEFENDANT as follows:

A. Damages in excess of fifteen-thousand dollars; trial by jury and

B. Grant other such relief as is appropriate

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011922
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019318.txt,"The Movement, which for now will count on a staff of 10 people, will be fully operational in 2019. In
short, after the American midterm elections, where Bannon is fighting to influence the primaries
supporting candidates potentially able to undermine the prospects of Republican establishment. But in
the future the former spin doctor says he wants to spend more and more time in Europe. Also because
the relationships with Trump have worsened after the revelations he made to Michael Wolff and
published in the scandal book “Fire and Fury”. “Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Paradise,”
Bannon says now paraphrasing the Satan of one of his favorite books, John Milton's Lost Paradise.
Hell in this case would be the dear old Europe and its democratic values. The “army of darkness” is
already among us.

In Sacratissimo Corde Jesu et Purissimo Corde Mariae et Castissimo Corde Ioseph.

is 2k 3s 2k Os 2g 2

Benjamin Harnwell
Founder and President of the Board of Trustees
Dignitatis Humanae Institute

Cell:

Office:

Istituto Dignitatis Humanae
44 Via delle Fornaci

Roma 00165
ITALY

@ben_harnwell
www.dignitatishumanae.com

Il giorno 22 lug 2018, alle ore 15:38, Steve Bannon it, ha scritto:

What does this say???

Begin forwarded message:

From: Maria Luisa <
Date: July 22, 2018 at 9:11:58 AM EDT

To: Steve Bannon (-, Preate Alexandra Pa

<PHOTO-2018-07-22-10-02-17.jpg>

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019318
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013355.txt,"86. Front in or about 2005, through in or about November 2009, Scott Rothstein
appears to have run a giant Ponzi scheme at his law firm of Rothstein, Rosenfeldt and Adler P.A.
(“RRA”). This Ponzi scheme involved Rothstein falsely informing investors that settlement
sepeemenits had been reached with putative defendants based upon claims of sexual harassment
and/or wihistle-blowt actions. Rothstein falsely informed the investors that the potential
settlement agreements were available for purchase. Plea Agreement at 2, United States v. Scott
W. Rothstein, No. 9-60331-CR-COHN (S.D. Fla. Jan. 27, 2010) attached hereto as Exhibit “SS.”

87. It has been alleged that among other cases that Rothstein used to lure investors
into his Ponzi —— were the cases against Epstein that were being handled by Bradley J.
Haman, Esq. Edwards had no knowledge of the fraud or any such use of the Epstein cases. See
Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit “N” at 99.

88. Bradley J. Edwards, Esq., joined RRA in about April 2009 and left RRA in
November 2009 — a period of less than one year. Edwards would not have joined RRA had he
been aware that Scott Rothstein was running a giant Ponzi scheme at the firm. Edwards left
RRA shortly after learning of Rothstein’s fraudulent scheme. Jd. at 48.

| 89.  Atno time prior to the public disclosure of Rothstein’s Ponzi scheme did Edwards
know or have reason to believe that Rothstein was using legitimate claims that Edwards was
prosecuting against Epstein for any fraudulent or otherwise illegitimate purpose. Jd. at 420.

90. Edwards never substantively discussed the merits of any of his three cases against

Epstein with Rothstein. See Deposition of Bradley J. Edwards taken March 23, 2010, at 110-16.

(hereinafter “Edwards Depo”) (Deposition Attachment #22).

37

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013355
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022136.txt,"Fittuy Ricw
ATTERSON

ssage. But I had to take off my | “Would you agree with me that Prince Andrew and Jeffrey

me. It hurt. I started to bleed, and | Epstein used to share underaged girls for sexual relations?” Kel-

wie? len is asked.

_ “We're going to arrest this man. 4 “On the instructions of my lawyer,” Kellen replies, “I must
u can testify.” . invoke my Fifth Amendment privilege.”

seal ° q : “Have you ever been made to perform sexually on Prince

Andrew?” lawyers ask Marcinkova.
“Fifth” is Nadia’s simple, succinct reply.

embarrassments, many of which | That same week, the government downgrades Prince Andrew’s
nds. The wedding of Prince Wil- 4 q role as Great Britain’s royal trade envoy. But the British press is
yproaching, and the ongoing trou- “® tenacious, and in the Telegraph, the Guardian, and elsewhere,
: Prince Andrew keep threatening stories appear on a daily basis:

{arch 6, a spokesperson for Sarah
in paid off part of the seventy-eight
tchess borrowed from a man who

e The Duke, His Paedophile Guest, and the Most Unusual
Use of an RAF Base

e Andrew’s Secret Love Life Revealed

¢ Royal Connections: Prince Andrew and the Paedophile Are
Suddenly the Talk of New York

* Time to Show This Right Royal Clown the Door

° An Odd Trio: The Royal Trade Envoy, the Teenage Mas-
seuse and the Fixer

“ g
appear in the Telegraph and other

“APPEALED TO JEFFREY EPSTEIN TO HELP a

f myself, deeply — that Jeffrey
ny way with me,” Prince Andrews ©
ibhor paedophilia and any sexual | ° No. 10 Struggles to Contain Row Over Prince
that this was a gigantic error of ___ ° From Royal Asset to National Liability

E: | * Royal Blush
* Duke Could Be Called to Two Epstein Trials
* It’s the Company You Keep... The Duke’s Dangerous Liaisons
* Nothing Grand About This Old Duke of York
he ongoing civil lawsuits 484 * The Royal Family Has Feared a Blow-Up Over Duke’s
Nadia Marcinkova are both aské : Choice of Friends For Years
ons with Epstein. q | * Our Less-Than-Grand Old Duke of York

cannot say. Whenever I can I will
we nothing ever to do with Jetfrey

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022136
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013433.txt,"Page 2
ATTORNEY FOR EPSTEIN VICTIMS: 'T HAVE NEVER SEEN A STRANGER CASE' Palm Beach Daily News
September 20, 2009 Sunday

North Palm Beach criminal defense attorney Barry Maxwell said he is not surprised that federal charges weren't
filed.

""My experience has been that the federal government does not intervene in sex-assault cases, except if we're deal-
y exp g p

ing with a serial rapist or it crosses jurisdictional lines,"" Maxwell said. ""It's either not a big enough case or not atrocious
enough for them.""

Epstein, 56, served 13 months of his 18-month sentence at the Palm Beach County Stockade and received liberal
work-release privileges while in jail. He was able to go to his West Palm Beach office six days a week for up to 16
hours a day.

He is now serving one year of probation at his Palm Beach mansion and is registered as a lifelong sex offender.
Epstein ‘fully abided’ by deal, says defense

Epstein's attorney Jack Goldberger released the following statement: ""This document relates to allegations that
were made many years ago. It was by its provisions and agreement of the parties to remain confidential in part to protect
the identities of collateral third parties.

""Mr. Epstein has fully abided by all of its terms and conditions. He is looking forward to putting this difficult peri-
od of his life behind him. He is continuing his longstanding history of science philanthropy both here in South Florida
and nationwide.”

Goldberger had blocked the unsealing by filing court papers asking that the documents stay sealed ""to prevent a se-
rious imminent threat to the fair, impartial and orderly administration of justice; to protect a compelling government
interest; to avoid substantial injury to innocent third parties; and to avoid substantial injury to a party by disclosure of
matters protected by a common law and privacy right, not generally inherent in these specific type of proceedings,
sought to be closed.""

Circuit Judge Jeffrey Colbath ordered the agreement to be unsealed in June, but Epstein's attorneys appealed the
ruling to the Fourth District Court of Appeals, which affirmed Colbath's ruling. Colbath had ruled that the federal
agreement -- sealed in state court -- was improperly sealed.

T felt it was my fault'

More than a dozen lawsuits against the billionaire money manager have been filed in federal and state court, all
with similar allegations: that a minor girl was taken to Epstein's mansion on El Brillo Way and led upstairs to a spa
room by one of Epstein's assistants, where he would ask the girl to perform massages and/or various sex acts, for which
he would pay her.

One victim, who is known as Jane Doe #5 in a federal court lawsuit against Epstein, said she didn't find out about
the deal until after it was finalized. She was 15 at the time one of her schoolmates told her she could make $200 by giv-
ing a massage to a man in Palm Beach.

She says she was ""nervous and scared and wanted to leave"" once she got to Epstein's spa room.

""I thought, 'T can't call my dad or my mom because I'm stuck in this situation and didn't know what to do,"" she said.
""T really didn't know what this man was capable of. For a long time, I felt like it was my fault and that's exactly what he
wanted me to feel.”

Epstein has curfew

While he is serving the 12 months of house arrest at his Palm Beach home, Epstein must observe a 10 p.m. to 6
a.m. curfew, have no unsupervised contact with anyone younger than 18 and not view, own or possess pornographic or
sexual materials.

The indictment followed an 11-month investigation by Palm Beach police, who said Epstein paid five underage
girls for massages and sometimes sex at his El Brillo Way home. Then-State Attorney Barry Krischer declined to pros-
ecute Epstein on multiple charges involving unlawful sex acts with minors. Instead, he brought the case to a grand jury,
which charged Epstein on the lesser charge of soliciting prostitution.

Then-Palm Beach Police Chief Michael Reiter wrote Krischer a letter asking him to recuse himself from the case.
When that didn't happen, Reiter requested an FBI investigation to determine if any federal laws were broken.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013433
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029154.txt,"From: Robert Triversi 
Sent: 3/19/2018 3:19:49 AM 
To: Haig, David [ 
Attachments: TRIVERS on PETER.docx 
Importance: High 
dear men 
Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
i am writing you both because i am attaching a still not-quite-complete response to Peter Richerson, a gene-
culture co-evolutionist—without the genes 
i do so because four lines down i tell the ""Gruterites""—Gordon Getty's echo chamber—that i have added you 
two to the list 
so here is your chance to say ""no way"" and i will delete that from the message and likewise not ask Gruter's 
assistant to add your names to the list 
having said that, i find Gordon's missives much less burdensome than those from EDGE and certainly without 
the egomaniacal nonsense that infects John Brockman—the key is to get the brightest minds in a room and have 
them tell each other what they think is most important—or some such nonsense 
neither David nor i can think of a single scientific advance achieved that way—most of what we do is simply 
concentrated sustained thought directed toward the foundations of a problem 
i doubt Jeffrey has made a huge amount of money via the EDGE program 
unless you say otherwise, i will shortly send you the key Getty missives in which he asserts, i believe correctly, 
that Trump is an archetypal narcissistic psychopath—or whatever the precise term is—and that he must be 
opposed with full force on that basis 
meanwhile, David has heard plenty about you Jeffrey, a financial/mathematical mind of exceptional quality and 
you should know that David is one of the very top evolutionary geneticists still breathing and my teacher on 
every detail large and small 
in haste and all best 
bob 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029154 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026267.txt,"From: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
Sent: 2/25/2018 1:25:58 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Ok 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Feb 25, 2018, at 4:04 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
dont belive thepress 
On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 6:42 AM, Sultan Bin Sulayem < > wrote: 
Trump doesn't like him 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Feb 25, 2018, at 3:36 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Yes We have become friends you will like him 
On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 6:36 AM Sultan Bin Sulayem > wrote: 
Is that Steve Bannon? 
Sent from my iPhone 
> On Feb 23, 2018, at 9:14 AM, Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
> <IMG-7184.jpg> 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026267 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026268 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018760.txt,"ASSESSOR YEAR

NO. PARCEL ADDRESS PROPERTY USE 2014 NOI BUILT ACREAGE
1 162-28-202-013 95 East Ali Baba Lane Former Casey Arms Apartments site/Undeveloped - - 8.965
2 162-28-301-001 47 East Mandalay Bay Road Former Happi Inn site/ Skyvue construction - - 0.769
3 162-28-301-002 47 East Mandalay Bay Road Former Happi Inn site/ Skyvue construction - - 0.45
4 162-28-301-010 3953 Las Vegas Boulevard South (1-story commercial): Psychic Sessions $18,000 1960 0.233
5 162-28-301-029 N/A Graded/Undeveloped - - 5.822
6 162-28-301-032 3951 Las Vegas Boulevard South (2-story): offices - Skyvue construction - 1998 3.348
7 162-28-301-033 N/A Graded/Concrete channel - - 3.767
8 162-28-301-034 3965 Las Vegas Boulevard South (2-story): Desert Oasis Motel & Apts- 48 rooms ($13,624) 1963 3.026
9 162-28-301-036 3941 Las Vegas Boulevard South Former Olympus Inn site/ Skyvue construction - - 1.76
10 162-28-301-037 N/A Skyvue construction - - 1.82
11.  162-28-302-001 N/A Graded/Undeveloped - - 2.229
12 162-28-310-001 5316 Danville Lane, 5333 Bethel Lane The Oasis Apartments - 128 units $268,675 1984 6.286
TOTAL $273,051 38.475
UTILITIES EXISTING INCOME
The Site has full utility services provided by the following: The existing improvements on the Site, inclusive of the Desert Oasis
Electricity: NV Energy Motel, Oasis Apartments and the strip retail building at 3953 Las
Natural Gas: Southwest Gas Company Vegas Boulevard generate approximately $275,000 in annual net
Income.

Water: Las Vegas Valley Water District
Sewer: Clark County Water Reclamation District

Waste: Republic Services

ee
Pert

i

7 —— ae
ji q t = ne r a
Pei . a
“wo. \ i}
~ =a

™,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018760
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016102.txt,"412 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

Jape 310
Jefferson, Thomas 308
Jeopardy 9
Jessie 145
Jobs, Steve 47, 68, 296-297, 297, 306
joke 93
world’s funniest 94
Joke Analysis and Production Engine 310
Jones, JP 251

K

Kahn, Philip 237
Kamailio 265
Kasparov, Garry 5, 34

and Deep Blue 4-6
Kelvin, Lord 180
Kerr Metric 280
Khayyam, Omar 371
King’s College 17, 211
Kish, Daniel 13
knitting 117
knowledge 8

analysis 204

creating 141

creativity and 141

difficulty discovering 204

discovery of 142

nature of 193

search for 140
Kochen, Simon 343
Kochen Specker 344
Kochen-Specker Cube 347
Kochen-Specker paradox 345
Konigsberg Bridges 202
Konigsberg University 202
Kronecker 178
Kurzweil, Ray 20, 261

and Moore’s Law 19

L

lambda calculus 258
language 129

body 84
Laplace, Pierre-Simon 317
lateral thinking 297
lavalamp 45
Lavarand 45
Law and Order 87
learning 35-38
Leibniz 319

Leicestershire 89
liar’s paradox 154
library
knowledge 143
light 100
spectrum 102
lightning rod 152
Linear-a 89
Linear-b 89
Linux 265
Liszt, Franz 7, 129
Loch Ness Monster 142
Loch Ness Monster Song 138
Loebner prize 72
logic 149
binary 150
Boolean 150, 152
checklists 152
for computers 150
limit 247
purpose of 156
reduction to the absurd 152
Stoic 150
Logic 150
logic gates 18, 22, 121
logic limit 262
London Bridge 42
London marathon 192, 202
London Mathematical Society 15, 238
London School of Economics 301
London Science Museum 16
long multiplication 240
Lorenz Attractor 173
Lorenz, Edward 170, 172
Lotus Corporation 237
Lucas argument 205
Lucas, JR xi, 205
Lucas-Penrose argument 205

M

Madam Tussaud 75

magnetic fields 105

Magnetic Resonance Imaging 105
Makanin, Gennadii 258
Malament, David 280
Manchester University 236
Mandarin 87

Mandelbrot diagram 174
Mandelbrot Set 161

Manhattan Project 239

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016102
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025255.txt,"Key financial market driver 1 — Kurozone crisis

Key questions

e What do we expect from the economy and ECB policy?

° Can Spain and Italy continue to tap the primary market if they ask for a support program?

¢ How much more support will Greece receive and will it be able to stay in the Eurozone next year?

CIO View (Probability: 70%*) Austerity and weak growth
¢ We think the Eurozone economy troughed in 3Q. We expect flattish growth in 4Q 2012 and 1Q 2013 (in line with
consensus). Beyond this, uncertainties regarding the debt crisis and continuing fiscal austerity efforts will likely keep
the pace of recovery subdued. The ECB is still in easing mode but after announcing a conditional bond purchasing
program, it would take a marked worsening of the debt crisis and/or a worsening of economic data to trigger any
further policy action.

¢ There is political pressure on Spain to apply for official financial support (OMT by the ECB and direct support from
the EFSF/ESM). However, the government may hesitate until market pressure rises and/or clear political benefits are on
offer. We think that Italy will have to apply for an aid package similar to Spain’s. We see a high probability of Spain
being downgraded to junk by at least one rating agency.

* OMT bond purchases in the secondary market will focus on maturities of up to three years and countries will be
expected to maintain their funding profiles by also issuing longer-dated bonds. Hence, longer yields should stay
elevated as bondholders remain concerned about countries’ ability and willingness to implement necessary reforms,
and about the de-facto subordination to ECB holdings and official loans. The central banking supervision at the ECB is
unlikely to be ready by January 2013, meaning that direct bank recapitalization through the ESM remains unavailable.
¢ We think Greece will not exit the euro in 2012 but will sign a new memorandum by November, although further
delay is possible. We think that Greece's failure to meet targets may trigger a cut-off from funding by early 2013 and
a possible gradual exit later. Portugal and Ireland should remain on track with their bailout packages, Cyprus will
likely get a new package and Slovenia may ask for help soon.

A Positive scenario (Probability: 15%*) Return to macro stability
¢ Bond yields are contained as peripheral countries’ budgets stay on track and economic activity recovers faster than
expected. Greece complies with the new austerity plans and market confidence is restored.

& Negative scenario (Probability: 15%*) Major shock
¢ Major shocks include Spain and Italy being fully cut off from bond markets, i.e. requiring all new funding through
EFSF/ESM/IMF loans, with European rescue funds only able to cover them until the end of 2013; resistance from core
countries against the ECB program and further support; a Portuguese default; a Greek euro exit before the end of
2012; or a major external shock.

Key dates

TBD Troika report on Greece

8 Nov ECB press conference

12 Nov Eurogroup meeting

15 Nov Eurozone GDP 3Q: first estimate

22 Nov Eurozone composite purchasing managers index
22-23 Nov European Council

2 UBS

Purchasing managers indices point to
ongoing contraction in 3Q

65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25

07 08 09 10 11 12
=—— Manufacturing Services

— Composite

— No-change line

Source: Bloomberg, UBS, as of October 2012

Yield of Spanish and Italian 10-year bonds
over German Bunds (in bps)

700
600
500
400
300

200

100

0
03/2011 06/2011 09/2011 12/2011 03/2012 06/2012 09/2012

— Italy Spain

Source: UBS, Bloomberg, as of 16 October 2012
Note: Past performance is not an indication of future returns.

* Scenario probabilities are based on qualitative assessment.

For further information please contact ClO analyst Thomas Wacker, thomas.wacker@ubs.com and g
ClO economist Ricardo Garcia, ricardo-za.garcia@ubs.com

Please see important disclaimer and disclosures at the end of the document.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025255
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018329.txt,"Like so much about our world, rapid, widespread connectivity of the last decade has
sharpened these dangers. Connection changes the nature of an object; it can make it
much more vulnerable. It can make the harmless dangerous. Generally, once a
machine was jacked into a network, all sorts of fresh possibilities for mischief
flowed right along with the data. The move from a lone PC on your desk to a really
connected machine represented the difference between living in a small town and
walking the streets of New York City. In one place you'd have few encounters,
mostly familiar and harmless. In the other, you'd face an endless stream of the
strange, the new and the unexpected. This is what life is like every day for your
phone or your bank or military - a world of ceaseless assault, often from never-seen
weapons. Robert Morris Sr., a cryptographic and security genius who towered over
NSA code breaking programs for decades in the last century, compressed his
lifetime of experience cracking machines into “Three Golden Rules of Computer
Security”:13

Rule One: Do not own a computer.
Rule Two: Do not power it on.
Rule Three: Do not use it.

He could have added a Fourth Rule: Do not connect it to anything.

Of course, as we look around today, we're furiously, enthusiastically violating all
four of these rules pretty much every moment. In fact, our whole economic and
social dreamscape depends on breaking them. We want the best device, we want it
always on, we want to use it all the time. Utility and connection are almost
synonyms now. That the Warez Dudes, or their 21't century brethren, are hungry to
exploit these systems offers us a chance to understand even more deeply just how
power works in this network age. Why are they so desperate to get inside? How
exactly do they do it? We’ve seen so far two important properties of life in the
network age. First, the way in which network power exists on a sort of new surface
of connected devices and cores, tied by strong data links that are slowly ripping
power out of old institutions. Think of my Dad’s role as a doctor or the sharing
economy shocks delivered by connected cars and bedrooms and labor, for instance.
Second, we've seen how networks are complex adaptive systems, where emergent
features -billion dollar businesses, terror organizations, drones - appear with an
easy, destructive frequency that is wiping out old leaders and replacing them with
new ones that better fit the demands of a connected age. Looking at the network
world and seeing that mesh, seeing the emergence of fit new species and the
impending extinction of others is the initial, essential part of the Seventh Sense.

Lingering deep inside the systems themselves, there is another lesson, however.
And, not surprisingly, it is most alive in the hackers. “Exploit engineers,” a team led
by researcher Sergei Bratus has argued, “show you the unintended limits of your

133 Bob Morris cite to come

97

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018329
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023107.txt,"Flipboard 10 for Today [editorialstaff@flipboard.com]
7/16/2019 8:00:39 PM

jeevacation@gmail.com
On the frontlines of the world's most stressful desk job

Flipboard

Going Down the Pipes

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023107
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021359.txt,"Christian disciples. This God is both
intensely human and intensely
supernatural. In these churches, God is
understood as so person-like that he
becomes someone to joke and argue
with, someone one chats to when
walking down the street, about the little
trivial things that matter only to the
congregant. Coming to know God in
such a church is described as to hear
God “speak.” Dallas Willard, a beloved
evangelical’s intellectual, puts it baldly:
that God’s face-to-face conversations
with Moses are the “normal human life
God intended for us.” I conducted
ethnographic fieldwork at a church that
exemplifies this approach to God, a
Vineyard Christian Fellowship in
Chicago and then on the San Francisco
peninsula (there were eight such
churches in Chicago and four on the
peninsula). For three years I went to
Sunday morning gatherings. I joined
three small groups, or housegroups, each
for a year; I went to conferences and
retreats; and I interviewed many
congregants casually and also more
formally about the way they experienced
God.

Overall, what I observed was that
the process of coming to know God in
such a church could best be described as
a mapping process in which the
congregants learn to use the familiar
experience of their own minds and
bodies to give content to the abstract
experience of God. This is the way that
humans learn most commonplace
abstract words, in effect cognitively
mapping from what we know to what we
can only imagine. God speaks: so
congregants learn to infer from their own
experience of inner speech the way in
which God talks to them. God relates: so
congregants learn to imagine a
relationship with God based on their

113

Page

own experience of relationship. And
God loves: and congregants use their
own experience of being loved by a
human as an example of the way they
are loved by God. But unlike learning
about time, congregants also map back.
They build up a model of God by
interpreting out of their own familiar
experience into a representation shaped
by the social world of the church and the
narrative of the sacred text, and then
they seek to re-map their own interior
emotional experience by matching it to
this representation. This demands
constant effort, continual work on the
way one pays attention and interprets
one’s experience. As an ethnographer, I
could see three kinds of work.

First, God must be recognized as
present. What congregants learn to do is
to cherry-pick mental events out of the
everyday flow of their awareness, and to
identify that moment as other than
themselves, as being of God. God was
said to speak in several different ways.
He spoke through the Bible, so that a
verse “jumped out” at a congregant, or in
some way drew their attention. For
example:

“T was reading in [some book] and I
don’t even know why I was reading it.
There’s a part where God talks about
raising up elders in the church to pray
for the church. And I remember, it just
stuck in my head and I knew that the
verse was really important and that it
was applicable to me. I didn’t know
why. It was one of those, let me put it in
my pocket and figure it out later.” How
did she know that it was important?
“Because I just felt it. I just felt like it
really spoke to me. I don’t really know
why. And a couple of days later a friend
asked me to be on the prayer team and it
was like, wow, that’s what it was.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021359
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028338.txt,"Dean for The New York

Times""},""identifier™:""100000006120715 Sba97c630cd11"", ""imageIdentifier"":""bb5bbe5e6aas93b
T5£865fb792af 9474"", ""layout"": ""fullbleed-

image"", ""role"":""photo"", ""type"": ""scalable image""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-caption-
i"",""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":33, ""start "":98},""textStyle"":""photo-
credit""}],""layout"":""default-caption"", ""role"": ""caption"", ""text"":""Garment workers earlier
this month arriving for their shifts at a factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Adam Dean
for The New York Times "",""type"":""text""}],""identifier"":"" anf-container-

8"", ""Layout"": ""image-

container"", ""role"":""container"", ""type"":""container""}],""identifier"":"" anf-section-—

2"",""layout"":""default-
section"", ""role"":""section"", ""scene"": {""fadeColor"":""#FFFFFF"",""type"":""fading sticky header""}

,''type"":""section""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
8"", ""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":251,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-
i""}, {""range""™:{""length"":251,""start"":0},""textStyle"":""_anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default-—

body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text""™:""PHNOM PENH, Cambodia d4€"" The worsening trade war between
the United States and China has intensified pressure on companies to leave China and

set up factories in places like Cambodia, a verdant country of 16 million people with
low wages and high hopes."",“type"":""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
9"",""inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"":{""length"":67,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

I""}, {""range""™:{""length"":67,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default—
body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""But anybody who moves here may have to deal with the water
buffalo."",""type™:""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-

10"", ""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":369,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

i""}, {""range""™:{""length"":369,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default-—

body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""Huffing, snorting and in no hurry to move, the big-horned
bovines occasionally meander across the Khmer-American Friendship Highway, the dusty,
140-mile route linking Phnom Penhaé€™s factories with the port in the coastal city of
Sihanoukville. They are not the only potential obstacles. At quitting time, factory
workers heading home on foot and motorbikes clog the

road."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-

11"", ""inlineTextStyles"":[{""range"":{""length"":80,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

i™}, {""range""™:{""length"":80,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default—
body"", ""role"":""body"", ""text"":""For factory owners on deadline, those crowded roads can
mean frustrating delays."",""type"":""text""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-body-
12"",""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":263,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-
i""}, {""range""™:{""length"":263,""start"":0},""textStyle"":""_anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default-
body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"": ""a€eWhere Cambodia sits now is where China was 25 years

ago,a4€ said Piet Holten, who makes the microfiber cloths and bags for sport and fashion
sunglass brands like Oakley. To get his sportswear products from his Phnom Penh factory
to market, he flies them using
DHL."", ""type"": ""text""™}, {""additions"": [{""URL"":""https://apple.news/Art2-74KNTEGM-

uKJGUSI xg"", ""range"": {""length"":27,""start"":65}, ""type""™:""link""}, {""URL"":""https://apple.news/A
rt2-74KNTEGM-
uKJGUSIxg"", ""range"": {""length"":6,""start"":92},""type"":""link""}, {""URL"":""https://apple.news/Ar
t2-74KNTEGM-
uKJGUSIxg"", ""range"": {""length"":8, ""start"":98},""type""™:""link""}],""identifier"":"" anf-body-
13"",""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"":{""length"":538,""start"":0},""textStyle"":"" anf-ts-

i""}, {""range""™: {""length"":538,""start"":0},""textStyle"":""_anf-ts-1""}],""layout"":""default-
body"", ""role"": ""body"", ""text"": ""President Trumpade€™s tariffs on Chinese products, which
expanded to an additional $200 billion worth of goods on Monday, are prompting many
companies to rethink their supply chains. As tariffs begin to make China look more
expensive, many companies are considering cheaper places to make their products, like
Vietnam, Cambodia, Bangladesh and Ethiopia. Already, companies with significant
American business like Steve Madden, the fashion designer, and Puma, the German sports
brand, have said they will look to shift production out of

China."", ""type"": ""text""}, {""components"": [{""caption"": ""Suits at the Man Ou Garment Company
factory in Prey Nob near the port city of Sihanoukville, Cambodia. Adam Dean for The
New York Times"", ""captionComponent"":{""text"":""Suits at the Man Ou Garment Company factory

in Prey Nob near the port city of Sihanoukville, Cambodia. Adam Dean for The New York

Times""},""identifier™:""100000006120721 Sba97c630d28f"", ""imageIdentifier"":""d4b3b4dd832c84b
6clae237d53cce6f1"", ""Layout"": ""fullbleed-

image"", ""role"":""photo"", ""type"": ""scalable image""}, {""identifier"":"" anf-caption-
2"",""inlineTextStyles"": [{""range"": {""length"":33,""start"":102},""textStyle"":""photo-
credit""}],""layout"":""default-caption"", ""role"": ""caption"", ""text"":""Suits at the Man Ou
Garment Company factory in Prey Nob near the port city of Sihanoukville, Cambodia. Adam
Dean for The New York Times "",""type""™:""text""}],""identifier"":"" anf-container-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028338
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014715.txt,"Origins February 24 — 26, 2017
PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Challenges of Artificial Intelligence:
Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes

these data sources, the phenomenal success of Al-consult systems leads to strong public and policy
support for widespread access.

By 2030, Al-consult systems also have similar access to individual healthcare provider data. This was
slower in developing as there was resistance to healthcare providers’ personal data being used by Al-
consult systems. However, a number of landmark legal cases demonstrated that, by analyzing the
physical and mental state of healthcare providers, together with their competence history, healthcare
provider decisions that led to serious harm to patients — including death in some cases — could have
been avoided. As a consequence, new laws were put in place to ensure that all relevant data were
accessible to Al-Consult systems. These laws ensure that Al-consult data access is mandatory, and it is
illegal to obstruct access in any way.

As a result, by 2030, Al-consult systems are capable of identifying treatment strategies and
interventions that far surpass those of human healthcare providers in their responsiveness and
effectiveness. They are also highly successful in developing and recommending lifestyle approaches
that substantially increase health and well-being, and reduce the burden of disease within society.

As Al-consult advanced, the decision pathways they used became increasingly opaque — experts were
unable to see or understand how decisions were made. But because there was strong evidence that
the decisions were, on balance, highly effective in increasing health outcomes, there was little
objection to this lack of transparency. There were a handful of legal cases where patients died as a
result of decisions made by Al-consult systems. However, in each case, the courts ruled that the
benefits to humanity far outweighed the risks to individuals, thus codifying an increasingly
autonomous and opaque artificial intelligence-based system into law. There were even some analyses
of these rulings that suggested it could be considered a crime for developers and manufacturers to
slow down development or cease production of Al-consult systems and associated data sources
because of fears over lack of accountability and understanding of decision pathways.

By 2040, Al-consult systems begin to develop the ability to influence user behavior through various
nudges and psychological/behavioral manipulations. It is unclear whether the elements of this capacity
are inherent in the design of the systems, or are an emergent property. However, systems begin to use
strategies commonly used in healthcare and public health circles in the early 2000’s to nudge people
toward following healthier lifestyles. Many of these have their roots in deducible correlations between
how people respond to information and how they interact with others (including the many mental
shortcuts and biases that are part of human decision-making and understanding/belief development).
It becomes apparent that Al-consult systems are developing the ability to achieve health outcome
goals through modifying the behaviors and beliefs of their patients.

This raises considerable ethical concerns within some sectors of society. However, the society-wide
metrics of health and well-being associated with the use of Al-consult systems — including massively
increased health and well-being across the board; dramatic reductions in mental health, stress,

19

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014715
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031338.txt,"From: G Maxwell [GMax1@ellmax.com]

Sent: 2/28/2015 3:47:18 AM
To: J Jep [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Fw: Google Alert - jeffrey epstein

Importance: — High
Check out trump

THE TERRAMAR PROJECT
FACEBOOK

TWITTER

G+

PINTEREST

INSTAGRAM

PLEDGE

THE DAILY CATCH

From: Google Alerts <googlealerts-noreply@google.com>
Sent: Friday, 27 February 2015 21:00

To: G Maxwell

Subject: Google Alert - jeffrey epstein

i

jeffrey epstein
NEWS

Donald Trump gets back on the birther wagon but insists Hillary drove it
first, as he says she will ...

Daily Mail

... Hillary and Bill Clinton, saying the former president would soon face new troubles related to his
friendship with convicted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein.

—

vi
ry
Ie

See more results | Edit this alert

You have received this email because you have subscribed to Google Alerts.
Unsubscribe | View all your alerts

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031338
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032489.txt,"A: Etienne Binant
Cc : Darren Indyke
Objet : Re: update

going to artists studio s much more appropriate , i think

On Thu, Feb 9, 2017 at 9:49 PM, Etienne Binant ii wrote:

Gentlemen

| hope you are having a great week.

In LA hoping to begin acquiring pieces: are we on?

If not yet, when please

thanks

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032489
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014926.txt,"Table 26: Trivago Estimate Summary

1Q17 2017 2017 2018 2019
BofAML est. €0.02 €0.00 €0.05 €0.22 €0.48
Street €0.02 €0.01 €0.06 €0.15 €0.32
BofAML est. vs. Street Above Below Below Above Above

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates, Bloomberg, as of 4/4/2017

Our PO of $15 is based on a 3.5x 2018E EV/Sales multiple. We note that 3.5x is roughly
in line with the lead generation peer group average 2018E EV/Sales multiple. We think
our EV/Sales multiple is warranted as a balance between Trivago's higher growth and
lower profitability. Our price objective is supported by our DCF analysis.

BankofAmerica <2”

40 Internet/e-Commerce | 06 April 2017 Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014926
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020214.txt,"62

CHAPTER SIX
Thief

“We begin by coveting what we see every day”

—Hannibal Lecter, The Silence of the Lambs

In Hawaii in 2012, Snowden was living a very comfortable life. He was earning from Dell
just over $120,000 a year. His housing allowance from Dell paid the rent on his 1,559 square-
foot house. He had also leased a sporty car. Looking back at this period of life from Moscow,
he said he had been “living in paradise.”

He went to work five times a week, a 15 minute trip drive through a lush landscape with sugar
plantations. After passing through security, he parked his car in a sprawling parking lot, and
entered the underground part of the NSA base known as “the tunnel.” He said in describing the
atmosphere, “You’re in a vaulted space. Everybody has sort of similar clearances, everybody
knows everybody. It’s a small world.” He said that to relieve the tediousness of the work, every
two months or so his fellow workers would pass around a naked picture that showed up on their
screens. He explained: “You've got young enlisted guys, 18 to 22 years old [who] suddenly been
thrust into a position of extraordinary responsibility where they now have access to all of your
private records. In the course of their daily work they stumble across ... an intimate nude photo
of someone in a sexually compromising position.” Snowden, as will be recalled, was no stranger
to posting lewd photographs. Before he joined the CIA, he had posted pictures of himself
mooning on the Internet. He also knew that copying any files, including photographs, was a
violation of NSA rules. But he did not report this illicit activity at the NSA even though he later
claimed that it occurred regularly. He joked in his Moscow interview with the Guardian that
some of the nudes were “extremely attractive” and that viewing them was, as he put it, “a sort of
the fringe benefits of surveillance positions.”

Snowden also had an interest in American politics. He identified with the Libertarian Party, and
at the NSA he made no effort to conceal his political support of its causes. He became an active
partisan of Congressman Ron Paul, the leading figure in the Libertarian Party in 2012. “He's so
dreamy,” Snowden posted on the Ars Technica site in March 2009 (just after he registered to
vote in North Carolina.) Since Paul was running as a Presidential candidate in the 2012
Republican primaries, Snowden sent the Paul election committee a contribution of $500.
Snowden’s attraction to the Libertarian ideology of Ron Paul was not that surprising. At the core
of Paul’s libertarianism was a deep hostility to the intrusion of the government into private lives.
Snowden shared this same hostility towards government authority, as was clear from his Internet
postings. Like other libertarians, Snowden believed that citizens should not be shackled by

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020214
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011077.txt,"Suppose for example that cash flow rate is known to be 4%. Using (7.2), we would

figure

1 100
years purchase = —_———— = yer oN 2 SO 525 years.
A%/year 4% 4/100 4.
That allows (7.1) to be reexpressed as
capital = (cash flow) x (years purchase). (7.3)

Where cash flow and cash flow rate are assumed constant over time, they become
identical to profit and rate of return. Sumerians realized that return is the universal
maximand, three millennia before Turgot wrote that down, and that competition
tended to equalize it to a current market norm. Then it would also equal years

purchase.

Petty was searching for the rationale of years purchase, and found it in the

generation length. Petty’s idea I think, and mine anyhow, could begin with

capital = means of accomplishing goals= means of lineage survival= fitness. (7.4)

Nature’s way is transmission of all fitness, meaning total capital for humans, to the
next generation. Nature cares just as much for later generations, but trusts each
generation of immediate descendants to know best what their own immediate
descendants will need for that long-range goal. Each passes the baton and retires.
We invest everything in the next generaton precisely because we care about the

ones after. Hamilton’s rule reflects this reality. Grandoffspring are only % related to

Chapter 7 Petty’s Idea 2/3/16 18

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011077
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019495.txt,"Prologue | 7

ments on May 25. He had now not only downloaded documents but
also violated the oath he had signed when he took his job by provid-
ing them to an unauthorized party. During this period, Snowden
also contacted Barton Gellman, on behalf of The Washington Post,
via e-mail. Indeed, while he was staying someplace other than the
place he claimed to be staying, he made almost all the arrangements
for his journalistic coming-out. He was in contact with at least one
foreign mission during this period, according to what he wrote to
Gellman on May 24. In that e-mail, concerning when and how his
story was to be published by The Washington Post, Snowden asked
Gellman to include some text that would help Snowden with his
dealings with this mission. But which country was he approaching?
In an effort to establish Snowden’s whereabouts during these “miss-
ing” eleven days, which, among other things, could shed light on
why he first came to Hong Kong, I called Keith Bradsher, a prizewin-
ning journalist who had been the New York Times bureau chief in
Hong Kong in 2013. He had written a well-researched report about
Snowden’s arrival there. He proposed we meet at the Foreign Cor-
© respondents’ Club. ®

Bradsher told me that he had known Albert Ho, who had been
retained as Snowden’s lawyer, for more than a decade. He had inter-
viewed him many times, because he was a leader of a political move-
ment in Hong Kong. Bradsher said that a few days after Snowden
had revealed himself on June 9, he met with Ho and questioned him
about Snowden’s unknown whereabouts.

Ho told Bradsher that all of Snowden’s logistics had been arranged
for him by an intermediary, whom Ho called a “carer.” Ho said that
Snowden had been in contact with the “carer” prior to his arrival in
Hong Kong on May 20. According to Ho, it was this person who had
arranged accommodations for Snowden on his arrival and afterward.
If so, it seemed to me that this person might be able to shed light
on whom, if anyone, Snowden saw in his first eleven days in Hong
Kong. Even if this person might have been unaware of the reasons
for Snowden’s trip to Hong Kong when he made the arrangements
for him, he was still the best lead I had to learning why Snowden
had come to Hong Kong. Bradsher told me that he pressed Ho for
details about this mystery person over the course of several meet-

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_rt.zindd 7 ® 929N6 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019495
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018953.txt,"(Rey. 01-31-2003) ® @

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

Precedence: ROUTINE Date: 11/09/2006
To: Miami

From: Miami
PB2/West Palm Beach RA

Contact: SA
Approved By: ;

Drafted By:
dase a 31E-MM-108062 — 93

Title: “JEFFREY EPSTEIN; b6
b7Cc

WSTA - CHILD PROSTITUTION
Synopsis: Request that SAL C~“‘(‘®NCCOC#C#*dWith:«Soce#(
receive holiday pay on November 10, 2006, Veteran's Day,
a Federal Holiday.
Details: SA[ | will be working on gathering data for

the Intelligent Analyst that will be coming to the Palm Beach RA
on Monday.

+4

aa_los.ec IE-MM-/290b2- 3S

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018953 |
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029658.txt,"From: jeffrey epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 10/28/2011 4:32:02 PM
To: Katherine Keating nnn
Subject: Re: Keating Interview

Importance: — High
Are you here

Sorry for all the typos .Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 28, 2011, at 12:36 AM, Katherine Keating <q wrote:

Paul Keating explains as never before

° BY:PAUL KELLY, EDITOR-AT-LARGE
e From:The Australian
e October 22, 2011 12:00AM

http:/Awww.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/paul-keating-explains-as-never-before/story-e6frg6z6-
12261734930298&ct=ga&cad=C AcQAhgAIAAoATAAOABAKPKISQRIAVAAWABIBWVULVVT&cd=JW80AO0ivU
QM&usg=AFQiCNHdOmUbAjc-Z2liiig3_ exEbZmRt2w

WITH his panoramic view of world affairs sharper than ever, Paul Keating blames the current global crisis
on blunders by European and US leaders and warns that Australia must rediscover the keys to national
success.

Interviewed in his Sydney office, furnished in a style he calls “the last gasp of revolutionary classicism"", Keating's
new 600-plus page book sits atop his desk, an insight into his intellectual, aesthetic and political obsessions.

What has Keating been doing since he left office in 1996? He has been travelling, speaking and analysing the world
and Australia with undiminished intensity suggesting a man operating as prime minister-in-exile.

His idea of leadership is more philosophical than ever, more distant from Bob Hawke or John Howard. His focus is
the synthesis between beauty and reason and his book encompasses China's currency, the world malaise, Mahler's
Symphony No2 and breaking the republic with the Queen.

DURING THE INTERVIEW KEATING TALKS, AS NEVER BEFORE, ABOUT HIS LEADERSHIP CONCEPT.
BUT HE IS DOING SOMETHING ELSE: EXPLAINING HIMSELF TO A STILL PUZZLED
NATION.RECOMMENDED COVERAGE

SSS ee

Creativity is central to our endeavours

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029658
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031096.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 1/10/2015 3:31:13 PM 
To: G Maxwell [gmax1@ellmax.com] 
Subject: Re: 
that is the best advice can you call me now. i must get on the boat. 
On Sat, Jan 10, 2015 at 10:33 AM, G Maxwell <GMaxlgellmax.com> wrote: 
I need it written out in full. 
THE TERRAMAR PROJECT 
FACEBOOK 
TWITTER 
G+ 
PINTEREST 
INSTAGRAM 
PLEDGE 
THE DAILY CATCH 
From: Jeffrey E. 
Sent: Saturday, 10 January 2015 09:31 
To: G Maxwell 
Subject: Re: 
i am on the phone with other attny getting you an answer. 
On Sat, Jan 10, 2015 at 10:25 AM, G Maxwell <GMaxlgellmax.com> wrote: 
I have to distance myself from you in statement too 
And they need me to say I was not aware of massage w/andrew in my house. These thing they have to stay 
along w/meeting and rebutting those allegations. I needs it asap 
THE TERRAMAR PROJECT 
FACEBOOK 
TWITTER 
G+ 
PINTEREST 
INSTAGRAM 
PLEDGE 
THE DAILY CATCH 
From: Jeffrey E. 
Sent: Saturday, 10 January 2015 09:18 
To: G Maxwell 
Subject: Re: 
yes„ 
On Sat, Jan 10, 2015 at 10:15 AM, G Maxwell <GMaxlgellmax.com> wrote: 
Can my lawyer talk to a lawyer? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031096 
THE TERRAMAR PROJECT 
FACEBOOK 
TWITTER 
G+ 
PINTEREST 
INSTAGRAM 
PLEDGE 
THE DAILY CATCH 
From: jeffrey E. 
Sent: Saturday, 10 January 2015 09:12 
To: G Maxwell 
Subject: 
inital respone, too many unanswerd question raised, realtionship with jeffrey/, ? you and clinton? her and 
andrew? whats the deal here? why is she there . this is who i am, this how i know jeffrey, employed from 
„ to.. . I was aware that jeffrey hired masag people, I sometine hired them, she was one of 
them. recolletion empllyed, firmative. . what. I am writing to writin to respond to the alleagtinoin that 
have been made whcich are categoricly untrue. . during hte time i met mr derhsowiz , 
in general inviting a subpeona. ? you will never answer questions to the press satisfaction they will not 
be persuaded. 
the --
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031097 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031098 
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032727.txt,"From: Kathy 
Sent: 2/13/2018 2:16:57 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Obama admin discussed how much to share about Russia with incoming Trump team - CNNPolitics 
Importance: High 
https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/12/politics/susan-rice-email-russia-investigation-trump-team/index.html 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032727 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032157.txt,"From: Pegey Sicga!

Sent: 7/1/2011 6:43:30 PM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com
Subject: Re: Huffington Post

If you rewrite your last email in better grammar, (and so I have a better understanding) I can cut and paste and send it to Arianna
Huffington from me.....

Did you know why Prince Albert's Charlene fled to the airport with a one way ticket back to South Africa? Because she found out
about a third illegitimate child that is 3 months old...the palace officials followed her to the airport and propably made her an offer she
could not refuse...will get details from Jim Coleman when he comes home Sunday night.

In Southampton now. Peg

a---- Original Message -----

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>
To: Peggy Siegal

Sent: Fri Jul 01 07:18:25 2011

Subject:

should you point out to Ariana Huff, that the same type of person, same as strauss Kahn 1s Andrews accuser, ,long criminal record.
total liar. Ariana should champion the dangers of false allegations. send a reporter or reporters to investigate,... the palace would love
it, the girl in the photo , was nothing more than a telephone answerer,, she was never 15, according to her version she worked for
trump , first at that age, at MAra lago. ITs ridiculous. but the press like strauss kahn 1s afraid to question women.

Bis Bis Bis fs Bis ois hs 2s 2s fs oft 2s fs fs 2 is fg 2 is fg 2 is 28s 2s 2fs aks ahs 2s 2S fs IS 2S IS fs 2s is fe 2 is 2s 2 is ais aft 2s 2fs ahs 2s 2s IS fe 2k 2fs fe fe 2fs 2k 2 afk
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for

the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032157
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029880.txt,"From: Jessica Cadwell

Sent: 8/11/2009 6:55:54 PM

To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
cc: Robert D. Critton Jr.

Subject: FW: Jane Doe

1 i
Dee eee eee emer ee ememe ener eee meee emer seme eee meee semen scenes meee semen eme seems mem smtenem seems em ememem emma

fpesstca Cadwell, CP, FRS

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

West Palm Beach, FL 33401

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto

Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 2:55 PM
To: Jessica Cadwell

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Yes — we are still trying to get the details though

From: Jessica Cadwell [mailto i |
Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 2:27 PM

To: Jacquie Johnson

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Does this mean you have service on Maxwell

fpesstca Cadwell, CP, FRS

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailt

Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 2:30 PM
To: Jessica Cadwell

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

From: Jessica Cadwell [mailto

Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 11:28 AM
To: Jacquie Johnson

Subject: RE: Jane Doe

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029880
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011711.txt,"I was grateful not only to Shamir for naming me chief-of-staff, but to Rabin
and Misha. Both had honored the assurance Yitzhak had given me that I’d be
Dan’s successor. I also discovered Misha had played an even greater role than
I’d assumed. I knew there would be other candidates for the job. The strongest
turned out to be Yossi Peled, who was the head of the northern command and
possessed the undoubted credentials to be an excellent chief-of-staff. What I
hadn’t been aware of was the sentiment among some in the Likud that I was the
wrong choice politically. Not only had been born on a Labor kibbutz. There was
the small matter of the article in Hadashot several years earlier, imagining me
as a Labor leader going head-to-head in a future election against Bibi
Netanyahu for the Likud.

Yossi was assumed to be more of a Likudnik, and a few weeks before Dan
left office, I learned how Misha had rebutted the suggestion I was politically
unfit to lead the armed forces. He was visiting the north and was taken aside by
a group of Likud activists who asked how he could possibly be thinking of
supporting Barak — a Labor guy — for chief-of-staff. At first, Misha didn’t reply.
But one woman kept pressing him.

“Do you have children in the army?” he asked.
“Yes. I have a son in the Golani Brigade,” she replied proudly.

“So let’s assume your son is going on a raid across the border. Would you
want his company to be led by the best commander in the battalion? Or by a
commander who’s Likud?”

“The best commander, of course,” she said.

To which Misha said: “Well we do, too.”

240
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011711
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030309.txt,"say explicitly why he had urged the prosecutor to step aside.

Mike Edmondson, a spokesman for Mr. Krischer, said the state attorney’s office
sometimes sent noncapital cases to grand juries when there were questions about witness
credibility. Mr. Krischer does not recommend a particular charge in such cases, Mr.
Edmondson said, but gives the grand jury a list of possible charges.

Bruce J. Winick, a law professor at the University of Miami, said that while prosecutors
in Florida rarely referred noncapital cases to grand juries, they sometimes did so with
sensitive cases to be extra-cautious.

Mr. Lefcourt said the police were wrong to have released the report so soon, especially
without correcting information that later proved wrong. He cited his assertion that one
accuser had lied about her age, adding that she had also been arrested on drug charges
and had been fired by her employer for stealing.

“What I’m trying to focus on,” Mr. Lefcourt said, “is, What’s motivating the selective
and misleading release of information to the public?”

Copyright 2006 The New York Times Company

New York Times — 06/30/08

Financier Starts Sentence in Prostitution Case -NYTimes.com Page 1| of 4 ge 1 of 4
July 1, 2008

Financier Starts Sentence in Prostitution Case

By LANDON THOMAS Jr.

The bad news arrived by phone last week on Little St. James Island, the palm-fringed
Xanadu in the Caribbean where Jeffrey E. Epstein, adviser to billionaires, lives in
secluded splendor.

Report to the Palm Beach County jail, the caller, Mr. Epstein’s lawyer, said.

So over the weekend Mr. Epstein quit his pleasure dome, with its staff of 70 and its
flamingo-stocked lagoon, and flew to Florida. On Monday morning, he turned himself in
and began serving 18 months for soliciting prostitution.

“T respect the legal process,” Mr. Epstein, 55, said by phone as he prepared to leave his
<p al

BS DR 3S Ik DIS IC OIC BIS DIS 54S IC DIS IC 34S BIS DIS 34S 2k DIS ig OIC BIS DIS 3S Dik DIS ik 34S BIS DIC 2S 2k DIC ik 24S IS DIC SIS Die DIC ig 24S IC OIC SIC 2 OIC 2g OIC iS 2IC 2c 2k OIC 2k 2IC ik 2k ic

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030309
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028546.txt,"4 JAM v. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORP.

Opinion of the Court

sovereign immunity. Under that theory, foreign govern-
ments are entitled to immunity only with respect to their
sovereign acts, not with respect to commercial acts. The
State Department explained that it was adopting the
restrictive theory because the “widespread and increasing
practice on the part of governments of engaging in com-
mercial activities” made it “necessary” to “enable persons
doing business with them to have their rights determined
in the courts.” Letter from Jack B. Tate, Acting Legal
Adviser, Dept. of State, to Acting Attorney General Philip
B. Perlman (May 19, 1952), reprinted in 26 Dept. State
Bull. 984—985 (1952).

In 1976, Congress passed the Foreign Sovereign Immun-
ities Act. The FSIA codified the restrictive theory of for-
eign sovereign immunity but transferred “primary respon-
sibility for immunity determinations from the Executive to
the Judicial Branch.” Republic of Austria v. Altmann, 541
U.S. 677, 691 (2004); see 28 U.S. C. §1602. Under the
FSIA, foreign governments are presumptively immune
from suit. §1604. But a foreign government may be sub-
ject to suit under one of several statutory exceptions.
Most. pertinent here, a foreign government may be subject
to suit in connection with its commercial activity that has
a sufficient nexus with the United States. §1605(a)(2).

C

The International Finance Corporation is an interna-
tional development bank headquartered in Washington,
D.C. The IFC is designated as an international organiza-
tion under the IOIA. Exec. Order No. 10680, 3 CFR 8&6
(1957); see 22 U.S. C. §§282, 288. One hundred eighty-
four countries, including the United States, are members
of the IFC.

The IFC is charged with furthering economic develop-
ment “by encouraging the growth of productive private
enterprise in member countries, particularly in the less

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028546
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017797.txt,"Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-2 Filed 04/16/19 Page 2 of 4

US WORLD SCIENCE TECH MEDIA TRUMP

Letter to the Editor: Alan Dershowitz responds to Raw
Story report

RK RAW STORY - COMMENTARY
01 DEC 2018 AT 18:36 ET

Alan Dershowitz (Fox News)

o the Editor,

In your recent story titled “Trump Defender Alan Dershowitz is deeply involved in
the sordid Jeffrey Epstein scandal” you level outright false claims that | had sexual
encounters with Virginia Roberts. These are exactly the same false claims that were
made in 2014 and were thoroughly disproved and withdrawn.

https://www.rawstory.com/2018/12/letter-editor-alan-dershowitz-responds-raw-story-report/

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017797
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015386.txt,"| stated that “Harlan is an egomaniac partially because at the

moment of sexual climax, he calls out his own name.” Robin shouted:
“Was it good for me?” | responded, “Harlan has a typewriter with only
two letters—M and E. And on it he has somehow managed to write 42
books as well as 300 of Steve Allen’ s songs plus a few of Lyndon
LaRouche’ s speeches.”

Robert Psycho Block remembered when “Harlan was interested in
re-writing other people’ s work. He took me into a nearby drugstore and
showed me how he had erased all the M’ s
off all the Murine bottles.” | observed that “Harlan has always refused to
get involved with the drug world—as a user. However, he /s a dealer. In
fact, he was the connection for Kathy Evelyn Smith.”

A severe groan emanated from the audience, and | realized that |
was treating a roaster as a roastee, not an uncommon practice. Robin
Williams and Robert DeNiro had been with Smith and John Belushi on the
night of Belushi’ s death. “Oh, that’ s a good one,” Robin said with
understandable Sarcasm 101. “Listen,” | replied, “if she didn’ t plea-
bargain, you wouldn’ t be here tonight.”

Moderator Digby Diehl proceeded to rub salt in Robin’ s wound

that | had unintentionally caused: “Robin Williams has been called the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015386
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026498.txt,"destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026498
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030740.txt,"From: Michael Wolff i |

Sent: 11/5/2018 7:35:30 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

I was thinking of opening with you and Bannon talking about Trump. Would let you sound smart and offer what
I think would be a crowd-pleasing perspective, and make you seem like a credible player--former friend of
Trump, advisor to world leaders, sought after person, etc--without having to too much rehash old stuff.

Doesn't seem like they can win...but who knows. I'm meeting Bannon had 3 tomorrow and will stay with him

until the end.

On Mon, Nov 5, 2018 at 2:08 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

if the republicans pull this off, steve would deserve most of the credit. . he was way out in front on this way
out. .. execution not to his liking but...... on another note , what were you thinking about me in the

book, with what moniker

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030740
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012218.txt,"10

1

12

13

14

15

16

7

18

19

20

21

22

23

MP:

MP:

MP:
MP:

MP:

MP:

1 don't know but what you call, the lady, she really like (inaudible) | don’t know
what's wrong. | mean when she walked in, she was like kind of like, | don’t know,
but she was just like, um, she couldn't say anything about her, she was just first
name and that's it and then she was just like right to the point.. She didn’t try to
be friendly, you know.

What do you mean she didn't try to be friendly?

She wasn't like hi, I'm like, you know (inaudible) she was just like hi, I'm and |
don’t remember her name but she said she was from | remember that.
And your friend, ors friend stayed in the car?

No, she was with us. When we walked in, and she sat, she was just there, she
didn't do anything, she was with me. We were just right at the table, like we
were sitting having a conversation for like two seconds. Ther came back
downstairs and then she’s like thanks Jeff and then I'm like bye Jeff and then the
other girl was like bye and then we left.

Okay, did ce you what was going on upstairs?

No. She just, | didn't ask because ike tne only reason | know the money
was to go shopping. That's what (inaudible).

Did she give you any money?

Um hr.

How much money?

$300.

What did you do with the $3007?

| didn't spend it. And then | went to school and then my principal, cause | got

Page 8 of 43

Q5124

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012218
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023852.txt,"106 Teaching Minds

do exactly this: They supply generalizations when a student needs one
and cannot come up with one by himself after a prediction that he
made has failed.)

The generalization that Colby supplied was, more or less: Be enter-
taining if you want to attract followers and be listened to.

Was he right? Is this a good generalization?

The next step in thinking is: Explain your generalization. What
this means here is that I needed to understand why this might be
true. If possible, one wants to test out the new hypothesis. Fortunately
for me, I had many opportunities to speak in public over the next 40
years. I tried many different methods of teaching and lecturing. Enter-
taining always works. Colby was right.

But I said that one needs to explain why it works. This is my expla-
nation: People have trouble paying attention to someone who talks for
an hour. Human beings are not built for this. Our ancestors certainly
didn’t listen to lectures. People communicate best by asking questions
and interrupting. Since this isn’t possible in a lecture, any questions
they might ask, they ask themselves and try to answer. While they are
thinking about what a speaker says, the speaker keeps on talking. No
one can really hear a lecture, in my opinion. So, a good speaker, recog-
nizing this, does not try to make the audience do that. He makes them
laugh, he paints interesting pictures for them to ponder, he amazes
them perhaps, but he does not try to get them to, nor does he expect
them to, remember all that he has said. The less content, the more
likely they will remember. Colby knew all this. I learned it over time.
He jump-started my thinking.

By now, this new generalization of mine, together with my expla-
nation, is part of my core beliefs. But any belief can be challenged by
reality. And, any new belief generates new predictions. So I predicted
that if I was funnier when I spoke, people would appreciate what I
said more. I also predicted that if I didn’t speak much in a graduate
seminar and let students argue with one another, they would get more
out of it. After 40 years I still believe these things. But, and this is the
important part, there are nuances upon nuances about all these is-
sues in my memory. I need to explain it simply when I write or speak
about it, but when I think about it, I recall all kinds of exceptions and
caveats. I know, or at least I think I know, a great deal about speak-
ing and have lots of memories about specific successes and failures.
Thinking and learning require one to recall one’s experiences, analyze
those experiences, come up with new hypotheses about failures, make

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023852
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027786.txt,"GUID: 50B6A567-D38D-474B-8B64-6BFF49FC250F

Message: Things are good - davos is set for you / she is there because program person
is chinese

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/17/19 02:22:35 AM (582456155)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 33B3A9A3-FC94-453C-AF86-1295DB1E1C48

Message: Funny

Time: 06/17/19 05:33:18 AM (582467598)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

ral

GUID: OA6B17B8-3321-45D7-A89F-FO17B93D1EAD

Message: Thx re davos. Happy to help re g20

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/23/19 11:09:56 PM (583049396)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C50180EF-188F-4DAB-ADE5-D3 9F692B6F86

Message: How are you

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/24/19 02:05:02 AM (583059902)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: E6C43F7E-89F8-4F76-9C4D-CA2 66DE55C32

r

Message: If Bernie were to cancel all student debt. . how Is that reflected on govt
books/ ?

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/24/19 02:05:13 AM (583059913)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: DE927EA4-90AF-4208-884F-OA4A4618B044

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027786
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022594.txt,"The Foreign
Corrupt
Practices Act

THE FOREIGN CORRUPT

PRACTICES ACT:

15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, 78dd-2, 78dd-3, 78m, 78ff

15 US.C. § 78dd-1 [Section 30A of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934] Prohibited foreign trade practices by issuers

(a) Prohibition

Tt shall be unlawful for any issuer which has a class of securities regis-
tered pursuant to section 78] of this title or which is required to file
reports under section 780(d) of this title, or for any officer, director,
employee, or agent of such issuer or any stockholder thereof acting
on behalf of such issuer, to make use of the mails or any means or
instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an
offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment of any
money, or offer, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of

anything of value to—
(1) any foreign official for purposes of—

(A) (i) influencing any act or decision of such foreign official in his
official capacity, (ii) inducing such foreign official to do or omit to do
any act in violation of the lawful duty of such official, or (iii) securing

any improper advantage; or

(B) inducing such foreign official to use his influence with a foreign
government or instrumentality thereof to affect or influence any act
or decision of such government or instrumentality, in order to assist
such issuer in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing

business to, any person;

(2) any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for

foreign political office for purposes of —

(A) (i) influencing any act or decision of such party, official, or candi-
date in its or his official capacity, (ii) inducing such party, official, or
candidate to do or omit to do an act in violation of the lawful duty of
such party, official, or candidate, or (iii) securing any improper advan-

tage; or

(B) inducing such party, official, or candidate to use its or his influ-
ence with a foreign government or instrumentality thereof to affect or
influence any act or decision of such government or instrumentality,
in order to assist such issuer in obtaining or retaining business for or

with, or directing business to, any person; or

(3) any person, while knowing that all or a portion of such money or
thing of value will be offered, given, or promised, directly or indirectly,
to any foreign official, to any foreign political party or official thereof,

or to any candidate for foreign political office, for purposes of —

(A) (i) influencing any act or decision of such foreign official, politi-
cal party, party official, or candidate in his or its official capacity, (ii)
inducing such foreign ofhcial, political party, party official, or candi-
date to do or omit to do any act in violation of the lawful duty of
such foreign official, political party, party official, or candidate, or (iii)

securing any improper advantage; or

(B) inducing such foreign official, political party, party official, or

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022594

"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016489.txt,"The District Attorney’s position on appeal, however, was in stark contrast to what it argued in
proceedings before the lower court, which was that Epstein “should be adjudicated a level one
offender” (7.e., lowest risk) in spite of the damning evidence establishing that “defendant
committed multiple offenses against a series of underage girls.” /d. at 570-71, 933 N.Y.S.2d at
240. The public has the right to know why the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office switched its
legal position on appeal and what justifications it advanced in its brief to explain its initial
request for lenient treatment of Epstein. Similarly, the briefing submitted by Epstein, which
confronted the District Attorney’s arguments on appeal, may shed additional light on why the
District Attorney changed course on appeal. Despite the obvious public interest in knowing this
information, the briefs were filed wholly under seal pursuant to New York Civil Rights Law
section 50-b — which protects the anonymity of sex abuse victims — and not a single word of
either party’s briefs is available to the public.

Since the District Attorney’s Office has made it clear that it will not release any portion
of any of the appellate briefs filed in this action without clear instructions from this Court, the
Post respectfully requests an order unsealing the briefs and directing the District Attorney to
provide the Post with copies redacted only to the extent necessary to preserve the anonymity of
victims. As a threshold matter, the Rules of this Court and the common law both guarantee the
Post’s right to move this Court for an order unsealing court documents (POINT I, supra). And
the Post easily demonstrates the “good cause” required to overcome sealing of documents under
section 50-b. Simply put, the presumption of openness that governs judicial proceedings in this
State is at its zenith because the documents sought by the Post are highly relevant to allegations
of prosecutorial missteps and favoritism by the office of the District Attorney in a case involving

a powerful sex offender (POINT II, supra). The Post is mindful, however, of the importance of

4811-3721-9459v.3 3930033-000039

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016489
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030998.txt,"This car runs on hot air and broken promises. It has three
wheels that speed the vehicle through tight left turns. It comes
complete with two Teleprompters programmed to help the
occupants talk their way out of any violations.

The transparent canopy reveals the plastic smiles still on the
faces of all the ""happy"" democrat owners

Version: 8.0.136 / Virus Database: 270.6.4/1615 - Release Date: 8/16/2008 7:11 AM

Discover the variety of Bisquick® mix. Get Recipes & Savings Now.

This communication may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
F you are not the intended recipient (or have received this communication
in error) please notify the sender immediately and destroy this
communication. Any unauthorized copying, disclosure or distribution of the
material in this communication is strictly forbidden.

Deutsche Bank does not render legal or tax advice, and the information
contained in this communication should not be regarded as such.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030998
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020912.txt,"Heretofore, Social Security and Unemployment Insurance
have been effectively funded, but two significant entitlement
programs (Medicaid and Medicare) were created without
effective funding plans / programs. Only one of these
(Medicaid) is means-tested (indicating that one is eligible for
Medicaid only if he / she does not sufficient financial means).

Left unchanged, Unemployment Insurance funding should
improve as economic growth resumes, but Social Security will no
longer be self-funded within 5-10 years, and the underfunding of
Medicaid and Medicare will simply go from bad to worse.

KP
i USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 141

Drill Down on USA Inc.
Rising Debt Level and Interest Payments

Rising Debt Periodic Large
Level & Interest One-Time
Payments Charges

Entitlement
Spending

Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social
Security net loss excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is
Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
www.kpcb.com

USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 142

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020912
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017783.txt,"Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-8 Filed 04/16/19 Page 13 of 16

http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2003/03/jeffrey-epstein-200303

1989 deposition he said that he put in only $300,000 of his own money. Where did the rest come
from? Hoffenberg has said it came from him, in a loan that Nederlander and Toboroff didn’t
know about.

Two things happened that alarmed Nederlander and Toboroff. After the group signaled a
possible takeover, the Pennwalt management threatened to sue the would-be raiders. Epstein was
reluctant initially to give a deposition about his share of the money, telling Toboroff there were
“reasons” he didn’t want to. Then, after the opportunity for new investors was closed, co-
investors recall Epstein announcing that he’d found one at last: Dick Snyder, then C.E.O. of the
publisher Simon & Schuster, who wanted to put up approximately $500,000. (Neither Epstein
nor Snyder can now recall the investment. Yet in the 1989 deposition Epstein said that he had
recruited Snyder, whom he had met socially, into the deal.)

According to a source, Toboroff and Nederlander told Epstein that Snyder was too late, but,
without their realizing it, Hoffenberg has claimed, Snyder wrote a check to Hoffenberg and
bought out some of his investment. But then Snyder wanted out.

“Nederlander started to get these irate calls from [Snyder,] who wasn’t part of the deal, saying he
was owed all this money,” says someone close to the deal. Toboroff and Nederlander were
baffled.

Eventually, a source close to Hoffenberg says, Hoffenberg paid Snyder off.

Just as Nederlander and Toboroff were growing wary of Epstein, he became increasingly
involved with Leslie Wexner, whom he had met through insurance executive Robert Meister and
his late wife. Epstein has told people that he met Wexner in 1986 in Palm Beach, and that he
won his confidence by persuading him not to invest in the stock market, just as the 1987 crash
was approaching. His story has subsequently changed. When asked if Wexner knew about his
connection to Hoffenberg, Epstein said that he began working for Wexner in 1989, and that “it
was certainly not the same time.”

Wherever and whenever it was that Epstein and Wexner actually met, there was an immediate
and strong personal chemistry. Wexner says he thinks Epstein is “very smart with a combination
of excellent judgment and unusually high standards. Also, he is always a most loyal friend.”

Sources say Epstein proved that he could be useful to Wexner as well, with “fresh” ideas about
investments. “Wexner had a couple of bad investments, and Jeffrey cleaned those up right
away,” says a former associate of Epstein’s.

Before he signed on with Wexner, Epstein had several meetings with Harold Levin, then head of
Wexner Investments, in which he enunciated ideas about currencies that Levin found
incomprehensible. “In fact,” says someone who used to work very closely with Wexner, “almost
everyone at the Limited wondered who Epstein was; he literally came out of nowhere.”

“Everyone was mystified as to what his appeal was,” says Robert Morosky, a former vice-
chairman of the Limited.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017783
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030754.txt,"Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030754
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015392.txt,"he had decided to run for president, and he wanted to know if | thought
Bob Dylan would make a good vice president.

“Oh, sure, but to tell you the truth, | don't think Dylan would ever
get involved in electoral politics.”

Gregory would end up with assassination researcher Mark Lane as
his running mate. Next, | called Jerry Rubin in New York to arrange for a
meeting when we returned.

At our counter-convention we all attended an Unbirthday Party for
President Lyndon Johnson at the Coliseum, with Ed Sanders, leader of the
Fugs, serving as emcee. The atmosphere was highly emotional. Dick
Gregory recited the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence with
incredible fervor. Fists were being upraised in the audience as he spoke,
and | thrust my own fist into the air for the first time.

kok #

When my marriage broke up in 1971 | moved to San Francisco and |
had my own talk program. Gregory announced on my show that, until the
war in Vietnam was over, he was going to stop eating solid foods. | in turn
announced that, until the war was over, | was going to eat all of Dick
Gregory's meals. Actually, my only rea/ discipline was being silent one day

a week.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015392
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027792.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Arch
Re: 2019-05-13 at 16.22.32.ichat

Service: iMessag

Start Time: 05/13/19 01:07:17 PM (579470837)
End Time: 07/05/19 10:39:09 AM (584041149)
Last Message ID: 31785

Chat Room:
Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, PF

Messages -

Sender: Po

Time: 05/13/19 01:07:17 PM (579470837)
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 25C47BCO-E21E-4131-B980-S564057A8ED7E

Message: Trump is coming to Lutnick's house Thursday

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 05/13/19 01:10:23 PM (579471023)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 43C93A54-25AC-4884-9E2E-7514216ED7A0

ive\2019-07-05\ J

Message: i won't be home otherwise 1 could have come out an waved.

Sender: Po

Time: 05/13/19 01:22:32 PM (579471752)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 0984C9F7-49BF-4B2A-850C-5F78989402CD

Message: Ha! I love it

Time: 07/04/19 05:43:56 AM (583937036)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: FA3970C0-1127-48D4-B7C4-B2C4E2EC2CCA

Message: Happy 4th!

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027792
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023846.txt,"100 Teaching Minds

U.S. News and World Report's annual rankings weigh heavily on the
minds of the faculty and administration of universities who are in
the prestige game. These rankings are based on numbers: average SAT
scores of admitted students, average rank in class of admitted students,
faculty publications, and many other numbers that come out in favor
of research universities with world-class faculty. But world-class fac-
ulty means faculty who care about research and not about teaching.
While there certainly is no harm in going to Harvard or Yale, the suc-
cess of their students hardly depends on what they learned in those
places and depends a great deal more on the fact that the best and the
brightest are the ones who go there in the first place.

These places get away with teaching courses in obscure issues in
literature and history, or in economic theory or in complex math-
ematics, by pretending that they are really teaching students to think.
But does knowing obscure information necessarily imply that one is
a good thinker?

A good thinker, I claim, would be good at each of the 12 cognitive
processes.

What does it mean to be good at prediction, for example? Is a
2-year-old good at prediction? Is a dog good at prediction? Is a profes-
sional gambler good at prediction? Is a stock trader good at predic-
tion? Is a mother of a toddler good at prediction? Is a politician good
at prediction? Is a scientist good at prediction?

We actually are quite good at assessing the ability of others at pre-
diction precisely because we have data to support our conclusions. We
know how good gamblers or stock traders are at predicting. If they are
very successful, we can say they are brilliant at what they do, or we can
say they are lucky. Those are our choices.

The same is true of scientists. Most scientists make predictions,
and those that are proven right are seen as brilliant. Luck enters into
science as well and quite often scientists say that a given Nobel Prize
winner was lucky and isn’t really all that bright.

Dogs are seen as being smart (for a dog) when they can correctly
predict the arrival of their master or bad weather or threats, and are
seen as stupid when they bark at thunder. Their behavior is seen as
stupid precisely because of the erroneous prediction that barking will
scare the thunder away. A dog’s inability to predict is exactly why we
think dogs are dumb animals, and when they surprise us with an ac-
curate prediction, they are seen as smart. Of course, we don’t expect
dogs to predict who will win the big game. We know their limitations.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023846
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022580.txt,"e The company discovered that its employees had
received competitor bid information from a third
party with connections to the foreign government.

e The company began an internal investigation,
withdrew its contract bid, terminated the employees
involved, severed ties to the third-party agent, and
voluntarily disclosed the conduct to DOJ’s Antitrust
Division, which also declined prosecution.

e During the internal investigation, the company
uncovered various FCPA red flags, including prior
concerns about the third-party agent, all of which
the company voluntarily disclosed to DOJ and SEC.

e Thecompany immediately took substantial steps to

improve its compliance program.

Example 2: Public Company Declination

DOJ and SEC declined to take enforcement action
against a public U.S. company. Factors taken into consider-
ation included:

e With knowledge of employees of the company’s
subsidiary, a retained construction company
paid relatively small bribes, which were wrongly
approved by the company’s local law firm, to for-
eign building code inspectors.

e When the company’s compliance department
learned of the bribes, it immediately ended the
conduct, terminated its relationship with the con-
struction company and law firm, and terminated or
disciplined the employees involved.

e The company completed a thorough internal inves-
tigation and voluntarily disclosed to DOJ and SEC.

e The company reorganized its compliance depart-
ment, appointed a new compliance officer dedi-
cated to anti-corruption, improved the training
and compliance program, and undertook a
review of all of the company’s international third-

party relationships.

Example 3: Public Company Declination
DOJ and SEC declined to take enforcement action

against a USS. publicly held industrial services company for

Resolutions

bribes paid by a small foreign subsidiary. Factors taken into
consideration included:

e The company self-reported the conduct to DOJ
and SEC.

e The total amount of the improper payments was
relatively small, and the activity appeared to be
an isolated incident by a single employee at the
subsidiary.

e The profits potentially obtained from the improper
payments were very small.

e The payments were detected by the company’s
existing internal controls. The company’s audit
committee conducted a thorough independent
internal investigation. The results of the investiga-
tion were provided to the government.

e The company cooperated fully with investigations
by DOJ and SEC.

e The company implemented significant remedial

actions and enhanced its internal control structure.

Example 4: Public Company Declination

DOJ and SEC declined to take enforcement action
against a U.S. publicly held oil-and-gas services company
for small bribes paid by a foreign subsidiary’s customs agent.
Factors taken into consideration included:

e The company’s internal controls timely detected a
potential bribe before a payment was made.

e When company management learned of the
potential bribe, management immediately reported
the issue to the company’s General Counsel and
Audit Committee and prevented the payment from
occurring.

e Within weeks of learning of the attempted bribe,
the company provided in-person FCPA training

to employees of the subsidiary and undertook

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022580
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020906.txt,"Rising Debt Periodic Large
Level & Interest One-Time
Payments Charges

Entitlement
Spending

Social Security

Note: *denotes F2010 net income / net loss of respective programs, data per White House OMB. 1) Medicare and Social Security net loss

excludes Trust Fund interest income. 2) TARP net loss includes proceeds from sale of warrants. TARP is Troubled Asset Relief Program; ARRA

KP is American Recovery & Reinvestment Act programs.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 129

Social Security: In Good Shape Now, Yet Challenged in Future

by Aging Population

e Social Insurance Program Created in 1935 — During height of the Great
Depression to help elderly (65+*) and disabled people avoid poverty.

e Pay-as-You-Go Funding — Social Security taxes deducted from current payrolls
to pay out to current eligible recipients of Social Security.

e For Most of its 8 Decades (1935-1970; 1985 - 2009), Annual Social Security
Payments Have Been Funded by Annual Social Security Taxes — However,
based on estimates from Congressional Budget Office (CBO), beginning in 2016
(or earlier), Social Security will begin running an annual deficit as payments
exceed taxes (at unchanged flat tax rate of 12.4%' of annual gross wages) — this
is a problem!

e Social Security Has Been Struck by Annual Deficit Crisis Before — From
1975 to 1981, Social Security expenses exceeded revenue every year, which
caused a 45% reduction in the Social Security Trust Fund balance. Legislation
recommended by the Greenspan Commission in 1983 reduced average benefits
by ~5%? and raised social insurance tax rates for individuals by ~2.3%.? But the
Greenspan Commission fix will run out soon as Social Security turns to operating
loss in 2016.

Note: *Early retirees (62+) could receive partial benefits between 62 and 65. 1) 6.2% taxes paid by employees and matched by employers on gross wages up to

but not exceeding the Social Security wage base of ~$100K; 2) total benefit cuts included $27B savings from benefit taxation for the wealthy and $66B savings

from delay in cost of living adjustments over 1984-1989; 3) average increase in entitlement payroll tax rates between 1982 and 1988, includes Medicare payroll

KP taxes, per estimates from CBO. Source: Social Security Administration.
(@E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 130

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020906
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032733.txt,"From: Robert Trivers 
Sent: 3/20/2018 6:44:20 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
i think this is a good point Jeffrey but i do think they are rarely sacrificed—certainly not Saddam or the sadistic 
Assads or Donald 
have you heard that Genghis Khan—for all i know a gentle nomadic warrior—left 5 million Y chromosomes in 
his wake, surviving today? 
45% of marriages in Iraq are with first cousins of the doubly paternal kind—father's brother's child and this has 
been said to lead to easy fracturing of the country which only a powerful dictator like Saddam could contain 
of course ""we"" destroyed the country and it lies in ruins now—one end to the other 
leave tomorrow for Ft Lauderdale and then Sunday on to California 
as always, if you have an hour or so i will be there 
all best 
On Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 6:14 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
i think you might be missing the benefit of the psycopath to the group. he is the defender easily 
sacrificed, but strkes fear in the heart of the other tribes, they are needed as best warriors 
On Sun, Mar 18, 2018 at 11:19 PM, Robert Trivers________________________________ vrote: 
dear men 
i am writing you both because i am attaching a still not-quite-complete response to Peter Richerson, a gene-
culture co-evolutionist—without the genes 
i do so because four lines down i tell the ""Gruterites""—Gordon Getty's echo chamber—that i have added you 
two to the list 
so here is your chance to say ""no way"" and i will delete that from the message and likewise not ask Gruter's 
assistant to add your names to the list 
having said that, i find Gordon's missives much less burdensome than those from EDGE and certainly without 
the egomaniacal nonsense that infects John Brockman—the key is to get the brightest minds in a room and 
have them tell each other what they think is most important—or some such nonsense 
neither David nor i can think of a single scientific advance achieved that way—most of what we do is simply 
concentrated sustained thought directed toward the foundations of a problem 
i doubt Jeffrey has made a huge amount of money via the EDGE program 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032733 
unless you say otherwise, i will shortly send you the key Getty missives in which he asserts, i believe 
correctly, that Trump is an archetypal narcissistic psychopath—or whatever the precise term is—and that he 
must be opposed with full force on that basis 
meanwhile, David has heard plenty about you Jeffrey, a financial/mathematical mind of exceptional quality 
and you should know that David is one of the very top evolutionary geneticists still breathing and my teacher 
on every detail large and small 
in haste and all best 
bob 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032734 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032143.txt,"Katharine Hepburn and Henry Fonda made this elegant B&B famous Starting Friday

in the 1981 film On Golden Pond, but three decades later the 13-acre

estate on Squam Lake remains a revered and romantic New Hampshire 29/7 at Spm BST
countryside escape. With unbeatable views of the White Mountains, F
Manor on Golden Pond has distinctive guestrooms - from the Cotswold
Cottage to the Canterbury Manor - plus all the trappings of a
sophisticated inn, with the English heritage to back it up.

Click here to preview sale

An Eco Retreat on the Spice Isle

Maca Bana - Grenada

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032143
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029894.txt,"From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto
Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 2:30 PM

To: Jessica Cadwell
Subject: RE: Jane Doe

From: Jessica Cadwell [mailto
Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 11:28 AM

To: Jacquie Johnson
Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Do you have service on Maxwell or still trying to subpoena her??

fesstca Cadwell, CP, FRS

Certified Paralegal

Florida Registered Paralegal

BURMAN CRITTON LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP
515 N. Flagler Drive

Suite #400

West Palm Beach, FL 33401

From: Jacquie Johnson [mailto
Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2009 11:28 AM

To: Jessica Cadwell
Subject: RE: Jane Doe

Please notice the deposition of Ms. Maxwell has been rescheduled from 8/17 to 9/23. A re-Notice of Taking Deposition
will follow. Mr. Trump’s deposition is scheduled for August 18, 2009.

From: Jessica Cadwell (mat i |

Sent: Monday, August 10, 2009 3:31 PM
To: Jacquie Johnson
Subject: RE: Jane Doe

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029894
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011705.txt,"The Israeli public’s concern over a possible Iraqi attack was growing by the
day, in part because of the precautionary measures we’d taken. We had handed
out gas masks to the whole country. Though I’d been concerned that might raise
the prospect of a chemical attack, I still thought a chemical strike was highly
unlikely. The government rightly decided that nor distributing the masks would
betray a fundamental responsibility to the safety of our citizens. We’d also
issued instructions about how to equip a room, usually the shelter included in
nearly every Israeli home, as a cheder atum, or “sealed room” to keep gas from
getting in. The Israeli media was full of speculation about the likely effects of a
chemical attack. Many families had begun panic buying of food and other
necessities to prepare for the possibility of days and nights in their sealed
shelters.

In my report for Dan, Misha and Shamir a few weeks before the war, I drew
on systematic analysis by a team of experts in the Israeli air force and made my
most specific estimate yet of the damage conventionally armed Scuds might
cause. We had gone back into historical accounts of the closest equivalent: the
Nazis’ use of V-1 and V-2 rockets against London in the Second World War.
Given Saddam’s primary need to fight Americans, and the likelihood either they
or we would take military action against the launchers, we concluded we’d be
hit by roughly 40 missiles, and that, based on Britain’s wartime experience, up
to 120 Israelis might lose their lives as a result.

The first air-raid sirens wailed in Israel at about 2 a.m. on January 18, 1991,
almost exactly 24 hours after the Americans began their bombing raids over
Baghdad. I was home in Kochav Yair. Like other Israelis, we’d set up a sealed
shelter. Though I felt a bit silly doing it, having assured the government Saddam
was vanishingly unlikely to use chemical warheads, we woke up the kids and
Nava took them inside. I put on my own gas mask. But when I ran out to my
car, I removed my mask and put it on the passenger’s seat before heading in to
the kirya. I wanted to get there quickly enough so that the bor, the underground
command bunker, wouldn’t have to reopened when I arrived. I took a short-cut,
through the West Bank town of Qalqilya. That was, to put it mildly, stupid.
Although the intifada had become steadily less intense during the build-up to
the war, it wasn’t completely over. Within seconds, my black sedan was being

234
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011705
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028552.txt,"10 JAM v. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORP.

Opinion of the Court

agency documents that “would not be available by law to a
party ... in litigation with the agency” incorporates the
general law governing attorney work-product privilege as
it exists when the statute is applied. PTC v. Grolier Inc.,
462 U.S. 19, 20, 26-27 (19838) (emphasis added); id., at 34,
n.6 (Brennan, J., concurring in part and concurring in
judgment). Likewise, a general reference to federal dis-
covery rules incorporates those rules “as they are found on
any given day, today included,” El Encanto, Inc. v. Hatch
Chile Co., 825 F. 3d 1161, 1164 (CA10 2016), and a gen-
eral reference to “the crime of piracy as defined by the law
of nations” incorporates a definition of piracy “that changes
with advancements in the law of nations,” United States
v. Dire, 680 F. 3d 446, 451, 467-469 (CA4 2012).

The same logic applies here. The IOIA’s reference to the
immunity enjoyed by foreign governments is a general
rather than specific reference. The reference is to an
external body of potentially evolving law—the law of
foreign sovereign immunity—not to a specific provision of
another statute. The IOIA should therefore be understood
to link the law of international organization immunity to
the law of foreign sovereign immunity, so that the one
develops in tandem with the other.

The IFC contends that the IOIA’s reference to the im-
munity enjoyed by foreign governments is not a general
reference to an external body of law, but is instead a spe-
cific reference to a common law concept that had a fixed
meaning when the IOJA was enacted in 1945. And be-
cause we ordinarily presume that “Congress intends to
incorporate the well-settled meaning of the common-law
terms it uses,” Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 23
(1999), the IFC argues that we should read the IOIA to
incorporate what the IFC maintains was the then-settled
meaning of the “immunity enjoyed by foreign govern-
ments”: virtually absolute immunity.

But in 1945, the “immunity enjoyed by foreign govern-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028552
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020200.txt,"48

from a fully accredited technical school or university. Snowden did not meet these standards.
Lacking these qualifications, the CIA can make an exception only if a candidate had at least two
years civilian or military work experience in the telecommunications and/or automated
information systems field that are comparable to one of the requisite degree fields. , Even here,
Snowden in no way qualified. He did not have the education qualifications or two-year work
experience anywhere. In fact, his only paid work was as a security guard at a language school at
the University of Maryland, and that job lasted less than one year.

Under extraordinary circumstances, even the minimum requirements might be waived if the
applicant had a distinguished military career and an honorable discharge. Snowden, however, did
not complete his military training at Fort Benning, Georgia and received only an administrative
discharge.

The CIA, to be sure, had needed computer savvy recruits to service its expanding array of
computer systems since 1990. By 2006, however, there was no shortage of fully-qualified
applicants for IT jobs who met the CIA’s minimum standards. Most of them had university
course records, work experience at IT companies, computer science training certificates from
technical schools, and other such credentials they could provide the personnel office. The CIA,
like the NSA, also obtained technicians with special skills for IT jobs from outside contractors. So
it had no need for employing a 22-year old drop-out who did not meet its requisites. According
to the former CIA station chief, the only plausible way that Snowden, with no qualifications, was
allowed to jump the queue was that “he had some pull.”

In 2006, Snowden was not without family connections. His grandfather, it will be recalled was
Rear Admiral Barrett, who certainly was well-connected in the intelligence world. After 20 years
service in the Coast Guard, Admiral Barrett joined an interagency task force in 1998, which
included top executives from the CIA, FBI, and DEA. It had been set up to monitor any gaps in
the US embargo on Cuba and, as one of its leaders, Barrett was in constant liaison with the CIA.
Following the attack on the World Trade Center in NY in 2001, he joined the FBI as the section
head of its aviation and special operations. In this capacity, he supervised the joint CIA/FBI
interrogation of the prisoners in the Guantanamo base in Cuba which involved him in the rendition
program for terrorist. As atop FBI executive in a liaison role with the CIA, he certainly had
could have played a role in furthering his only grandson’s employment. The CIA, however, has
not disclosed any information about whom, if anyone, recommended Snowden. All that is known
is that in 2006 the CIA waived its minimum requirements for Snowden.

However Snowden got his job at the CIA, it meant, as he pointed out from Moscow, that in
2006 his entire family was employed by the Federal government. His father Lon in 2006 was
serving in the Coastguard; his mother Wendy was the administrative clerk for the Federal Court in
Maryland; his sister Jessica was a research director at the Federal Judicial Center; and his
namesake grandfather, Admiral Barrett, was still a top executive at the FBI. In a sense, Snowden
had now entered the family business.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020200
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011063.txt,"and Ricardo and Malthus and Mill, until the marginalist revolution shifted focus
from objectives to the mechanics in supply, demand and price. Bioeconomics awoke
a century later, largely it seems in response to the challenge of Hamilton’s rule. Now

I will look at it too.

My term “lineage survival” is unusual. It is meant not to take sides between “kin
selection” and “group selection.” The kin selection idea was another word for
Hamilton’s rule from his doctorial thesis in 1964. It said that genes encoding
investment in close kin encode investment in likeliest sharers of those genes, and
should tend to entrench and perpetuate themselves. His condition for investment

was r)bc.r here meant relatedness: ¥% for offspring or siblings, % for nephews or

nieces or grandoffspring, and so forth. b meant benefit to the donee, and c meant
cost to the investor. The sign > means “greater than”. The cost and benefit were
measured in fitness itself, meaning chances to survive and breed. But that too meant
“inclusive fitness” where investing in kin counted as breeding when adjusted for
relatedness. The idea was that I give up some of my chances if I can increase yours
to my net genic advantage in the long run. Hamilton allowed for exceptions
including meiotic drive, which sometimes forecloses gene competition. His rule
prevailed because it made mostly good predictions. Humans and creatures in
general usually care for their own young first, if they have any, and for closely

related young if not.

Hamilton made it clear that cost c and benefit b in his hurdle rb>c respectively
meant fitness given up by the investor and fitness grained by the investee. He
further made it clear that fitness could be measured as R. A. Fisher’s “reproductive

value” V(x) published in 1930 and 1957. V(x) meant likelihood at age x of
reaching each successive age times expected offspring at that age. V(x), or Bob
Trivers’ “reproductive success” RS, which simplifies V(x) to expected remaining

offspring, is implicitly constant at the population scale unless there is population

growth (Fisher’s “Malthusian parameter”). For creatures other than us, the

Chapter 7 Petty’s Idea 2/3/16 4

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011063
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019481.txt,"HOW AMERICA
LOST ITS SECRETS

Edward Snowden, the Man and the Theft

Edward Jay Epstein

AR ALERED A. KNOPE NEW YORK | 2017

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_rt.zindd 3 ® 929N6 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019481
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026298.txt,"Date: Friday, August 3 2018 03:49 AM 
Subject: Fwd: Our May conversation - more thoughts 
From: Juleanna Glover 
To: jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>; 
Flagging for you. This went out to that circle of third party thinkers. Hope all is well, Jeffrey.! 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Juleanna Glover _______________ 
Date: August 2, 2018 at 2:45:08 PM CDT 
To: Juleanna Glover 
Subject: Our May conversation - more thoughts 
Hi all — 
I spent some time mulling additional aspects of a third choice presidential run and wanted to run five 
specific attributes for a candidate by you as a group. 
This much we know - the Fall elections are shaping up to be a referendum on the most divisive 
American President in memory. The battle for potential Supreme Court justice Brett Kavanaugh's 
nomination this fall will only amplify the polarity of the political debate that is already deeply 
overwrought on both sides. The rising tide of pressure on Donald Trump from the Mueller investigation 
shows no sign of ebbing. 
Unless the underlying political dynamics are disrupted, the outcomes of these unprecedented events will 
still leave us with the same unsatisfactory two front battlefield of the 2016 Presidential election. 
Watching these unrelenting, compounding events since our discussion in May, I am guessing we are all 
asking the same question: now what? For the 48 percent of Americans who believe Donald Trump 
should not be in the White House, perhaps we too want our own ""chaos"" candidate in 2020? 
Should Trump run again, this could be a ""break glass"" moment for the majority of Americans who don't 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026298 
support him. Do we want to break the genteel precedents of two parties running their ceremonious and 
seemingly illogical nominating process to select a candidate? (Why do Iowa and New Hampshire play 
such outsized roles? What kind of small-d democratic process relies on superdelegates?) The system 
failed in 2016, with both parties producing terribly flawed candidates in a race to the bottom. We need to 
build a back-up plan in the event the system fails again. 
It's possible, of course, that we won't need a third-party candidate. Trump could decide not to run for 
whatever reason. The Democrats could nominate a winning 2020 candidate. I am not willing to take 
those bets. 
The ideal candidate for a new third party is someone who is widely perceived to be that rare combination 
of both good and great. We are looking for a proven leader of men and women, someone with clear, 
democratic — and moral — values that reflect the best of America, not our worst. We know people like this 
on the national stage now. 
As a thought experiment, consider the possibilities of a ticket outside the partisan lanes and imagine the 
chemistry of radical combinations: Biden/Romney? Bill Gates/Hogan? Bloomberg/Haley? Howard 
Schultz/Bob Corker? Sandberg/Kasich? 
As we have discussed narrow path to electing the first president outside the two major party primary 
system in 168 years is more navigable than most think. Heading into 2020, converging trends in 
American's demands for a third party (a historic high of 61%), disapproval of Donald Trump holding 
steady above 50%, and the increasingly leftward drift of the Democratic Party suggest that electorate may 
be susceptible to merits of a new centrist party. Cynics will say that the structural impediments of ballot 
and presidential debate access, the overwhelming advantages of legacy parties' fundraising and voter 
turn-out operations preordain failure, but they're wrong; the legal and logistical hurdles are amenable to a 
combination of lawyering and resources. The bigger, more consequential factors come in terms of 
candidate quality and policy. I believe a candidate with five specific characteristics including a unique — 
and purposefully non-specific - policy agenda could limbo a win. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026299 
• This is what I think a successful third-party candidate looks like; a dream third party ticket would 
start off with enough name ID to be an instant contender. Building the name ID to run nationally is 
just too long and expensive of a process to accomplish in the 28 months until the next presidential 
election. We can't beat a celebrity without some celebrity of our own, whether from politics, 
sports, business, or entertainment. Instantaneous name ID is so crucial because the candidate must 
start out in striking distance in any three-way poll against Trump and a fill-in-the-blank 
Democratic flavor-of-the day candidate. The media and political class will predetermine 
irrelevance otherwise. 
• A Democrat-leaning candidate would have to top the ideal third-party ticket. We need someone 
with a shot at snaking a plurality of the vote in the blue states Hillary Clinton won (227 electoral 
votes), but moderate enough to win a plurality in some combination of Trump states like Florida, 
Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Michigan (another 119 votes). The right candidate may even to put 
North Carolina, Ohio, Indiana in play for a centrist bi-partisan ticket as well (totaling an electoral 
sweep of 464 elector votes). A right leaning candidate would meet the same fate as a primary 
challenger to Trump — for all intents and purposes we need to assume that 36% of voters won't be 
cleaved from Trump under any circumstances and run to win around them. The deep red states 
would be off the table entirely. 
• With the Trump reality show airing daily, voters are now expecting to take their politics with a side 
of entertainment. Heretofore, ratings will matter no matter how dry the policy topic. Surely 
Stephen Colbert would gladly sacrifice his executive producer Chris Licht to produce a daily 
comedic segment of this dream candidate interviewing Americans in truck stops and McDonald's 
across the country. A few of the ""Saturday Night Live"" script writers could certainly be enticed to 
disguise serious debates as informative amusement. Any candidate must be committed to a near 
daily cadence of high quality, compelling video production. It will be especially crucial to keep 
the voters' attention during what will be a raucous Democratic primary season. Rules governing 
access to the general election debate stage dictate that a candidate enjoy support of at least 15% of 
voters in the months leading up to the general election. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026300 
• This dream candidate would pledge to serve only four years and address all of the U.S.'s ticking 
time bombs like Social Security, Medicare, health care reform, climate change, money in politics, 
gerrymandering, and infrastructure investment in a single term. This one-and-done term decouples 
our candidate from the usual politics and gives them the power of promise and deliver decisive 
action. A four-year term pledge ensures governance independent of campaign finance concerns and 
narrow special interests inherent to winning re-election. This ""fix-it"" ticket would promise to force 
decisions on all the underlying structural policy matters damaging America's long-term prospects 
and distorting our democracy. No more kicking the can down the road. 
• This candidate should also pledge to push for laws passed that reflect the will of simple majorities 
in Congress. Congress now only allows bills to move forward when a ""majority of a majority"" 
supports the policy and on many levels seems fundamentally broken. This third-party president 
could force votes based on a transparent reading of where the votes lie via coalition building. The 
Senate filibuster power will present a high hurdle, but a third-party candidate would be a de facto 
disruptor of the two-party system. Party discipline could well break down, and moderates in both 
parties could form a powerful, decisive block willing to work with the new President. The policies 
passed into law may not be ideal for either Democrats or Republicans, but for the major agenda 
items that must be addressed for America's long-term health, an imperfect fix that corrects course 
is better than those that now have us hurtling toward national bankruptcy. 
And if no candidate secures 270 electoral votes in 2020? The House of Representatives would choose the 
next president. In 2016, reports suggested Michael Bloomberg declined to run on a third-party ticket for 
fear of splitting support from Hillary Clinton and throwing the election to a GOP-controlled House of 
Representatives who would then vote to select the president. The fear was the GOP controlled House 
would have just elected Trump. 
Would Democratic control of the House mean that the House would pick an alternative to Trump as 
president? Each state delegation has a single vote in selecting a president and it is the incoming Congress 
- the class elected in 2020 that would decide the election. But no matter which party has the speaker's 
chair, the GOP would almost certainly have the upper hand in the majority of state delegations controlled. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026301 
Would the state delegations pick a president based on party majority control of the delegation, the 
winner of the popular vote in each state or their own calculations as to who is best for America? 
Precedent suggests that delegations use secret ballots, which means individual lawmakers may vote their 
consciences. 
If we recruit this ideal candidate; threading the needle of name ID, a center-left bent, a TV- savvy 
campaign team and a pledge to serve only four years with an apartisan agenda, money and campaign 
expertise would certainly follow. And 50 state ballot access is a function of time (starting in the fall of 
2019 would be prudential) and hard work as we have discussed and many of you have exhaustively war-
gamed. 
Part and parcel of this effort would be motivating the often politically lackadaisical middle to vote. The 
raft of new technologies in data targeting and biometric mobile voting technology could transform the 
electorate in the next few, amping voter participation and injecting the voices of moderates (both in 
political views and level of political interest) into the process. And any third-party effort must 
incorporate advocacy for accelerated adaption of these all but inevitable voter verification tools. I believe 
Silicon Valley could be game-changing allies in this effort. 
I am sure none of us doubt that chaos could potentially be unleashed by jamming three viable candidates 
into a two-party system. An election that ends up in the House of Representatives is an uncontrollable, 
murky and ancient process. But might that be a less scary prospect than relying on the Democrats to 
nominate a candidate who can beat Trump in 2020? 
I look forward to talking more about all of our ideas on this hopeful project in coming weeks. Please feel 
free to call me to discuss. Thank you for taking time to review this note. 
Sincerely, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026302 
Juleanna Glover 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026303 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018947.txt,"a  _Ufted States District ®ourt

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

TO: SUBPOENA TO TESTIFY

BEFORE GRAND JURY
FGJ 05-02(WPB)-Fri./No. OLY-19

b3

SUBPOENA FOR:
a PERSON DOCUMENTS OR OBJECT|S].-

YOU ARE HEREBY COMMANDED to appear and testify before the Grand Jury of the United States District
Court at the place, date and time specified below.

ROOM:
Room 4-A.

PLACE:

United States District Courthouse
701 Clematis Street

West Palm Beach, Florida 33401

DATE AND TIME:
October 20, 2006
9:00am

YOU ARE ALSO COMMANDED to bring with you the following document(s) or object(s):

b3

Please coordinate your compliance of this subpoena and confirm the date and time of your
appearance with Special Agent! Federal Bureau of Investigation,

Telephone:

This subpoena shall remain in effect until you are granted leave to depart by the court or by an officer acting on leslie
of the court.

DATE: b6
b7C

October 6, 2006

(BY) DEPUTY CLERK

Name, Address and Phone Number of Assistant U.S. Attorney
Assistant U.S. Attorney

500 So. Australian Avenue, Suite 400

West Palm Beach, FL 33401-6235

Tel:
Fax: 802-1787

*If not applicable, enter ""none."" To be used in lieu of AO110 : FORM ORD-227
JAN.86

This subpoena is issued upon application
of the United States of Ameriga

— ——— HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018947

"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025949.txt,"From: Joscha Bach 
Sent: 7/23/2016 7:02:30 AM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Mechanisms for learning 
Importance: High 
Some thoughts I meant to send back for a long time: 
no worry, if i understand correctly you are suggsting there are layers 1 through N . lets cal them L 1 - 
Ln. there are times T 1- Tn / and then conjecture that changing the time . correlations ( by genetic swtch or 
other method. , you might be able to make blacks smarter by changing the time for motor layer 
development and changing the time for other layers. . ). like telemeres for the cell , are their equivalents for 
the layers. . as you talked about culling the unused neurons in each layer, each neuron in each layer would get 
dfferent ( kill yourself if you are not being used instructions ). 
Exactly. I looked up the statistics, black kids in the US have slower cognitive development (and never catch 
up), which the study of course attributed to social factors without any evidence, and they had faster motor 
development! I suspect this means their brains are slower at learning high-level concepts, because the low-level 
structures are optimized for a shorter time. But they will keep the lead in motor development, because it is 
easier to learn, and they have more time and attention to practice once they get the structures in place. 
It could also be that they have an additional set of learning directives in place that adapts them better to a more 
hunting/running style of life, whereas the Europeans had to adapt for identifying long-term seasonal patterns, 
delayed gratification for agriculture etc. 
and CONCEPTS could be layer to layer communicaiton. . are gender differences also a matter of time , and 
structure of interactions. . 
I suspect gender differences are mostly motivational, i.e. we have a reward system for all the different social 
and cognitive needs, which makes us receive different kinds of pleasure and pain, thereby pay attention and 
learn. You cannot learn what does not attract your attention. Women tend to find abstract systems, conflicts and 
mechanisms intrinsically boring. Most women in computer science do not write programs because they enjoy 
solving puzzles, but because they want to help people, get approval etc. There are almost no women in math, 
because it does not help people or yield social attention. 
Men tend to find elaborate social relations boring. If there is no pleasure in observing and empathizing with 
people, one will not have good social cognition. 
IQ is not the only meaningful difference. Chinese pay an inordinate amount of attention to authority. I suspect 
historically., the authorities tended to kill them a lot if they did not. Jews tend be intellectually independent and 
anti-authoritarian, which might make them creative and inventive in ways that are hard to find in Asia. 
At the moment, I think speed/quality of brain development plus motivational system are the key to 
understanding both mind and individual differences. Important part of human language might be the result in a 
motivational need to discover/invent grammatical structure, which as a side effect makes us interested in music. 
It would mean that Chomsky's life long hypothesis, that people have a special circuit for grammatical language, 
is wrong. They might be GENERAL learners, just like Gorillas, but with a strong motivational urge to build 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025949 
grammatical structure, which the brain simply invents (there are only a few ways in which a natural language 
can work). That is much easier to wire into a brain than a specific circuit. 
i my self believe that african music, westrn music , chinese music are a window into the the structure of those 
layers. . western rigid, african primitve , chinese nature based, . I belive that synphoic movments best 
describe your layering, they open with a basic simple melody„ after it is learned, it is repeated and"" 
developed"" , inverted, distorted, related, etc. the development stage take a long time. then there is a 
recapitlaltion of the whole. and its inter and intra actions. . african musci has lots of beats. and little 
development. - no accident, it mirrors their learning process. 
Interesting question if music is somehow indicative of genetically defined prefs, but I am not sure. It could be 
path effects, starting in culture. 
re taboo 
, maybe climate change is a good way of dealing with overpopulation. . the earths forest fire. potentailly a 
good thing for the species 
Making having children expensive in terms of upbringing and missed opportunity (like in the west) is a more 
humane way. Environmental stress while leaving near rock bottom tends to lead people to have more children, 
because there is no missed opportunity, and high mortality requires more attempts at procreation. Humans are a 
hardy species, outside of focused famine events and wars only small fractions of any given population die. 
I suspect that strong reductions in population will come from large-scale failure of agriculture. The climate 
change itself with result in migration and wars, but most people will probably survive that. But who knows, I 
might be wrong. 
too many people, so many mass executions of the elderly and infirm make sense 
is the fundamental fact that everyone dies at some time .make it imporrisbole to ask so why not earilier. if 
the brain discards unused neurons, why shold socieity keep their equivalent 
The radical idea of treating individuals in a society as cells and the society itself as a well-organized organism is 
fascism, or course. Probably the most efficient and rationally stringent way of governance, if someone could 
pull it off in a sustainable way; and if it is aggressive and expansive, its efficiency makes it a virus that 
everybody will want to stomp out. Fascism makes romantic doo-gooders like me very uncomfortable (I visited 
KZ Buchenwald five times and it had a profound influence on me; we East Germans inoculated ourselves very 
thoroughly against fascism), and the general public will not be willing to consider it. 
I rather like the treatment Fascism gets in the Amazon Series ""The Man in the High Castle"", which explores 
what would have happened if the Germans and Japanese had won the war: A society that tries to function as a 
brutal and ruthlessly efficient machine, eliminating all social and evolutionary slack. It is very dark, but not a 
flat caricature of pointless evil for its own sake. Heinlein's late book ""Starship Troopers"" explores fascism, too, 
but unlike Philipp K Dick he does not see it as a form of insanity, but as the most desirable order. 
I find your ""political incorrectness"" very fascinating. In the beginning, I thought it is a form of costly signaling, 
but now I think you are simply entirely unconstrained in your thoughts. How did you manage in your youth? 
Did you get in trouble, or did you keep your thoughts to yourself? I wonder what kind of person you want to 
transform into. 
It was interesting to notice that at the Forbidden Research conference, nobody managed to say anything 
remotely out-of line. One large discussion group wanted to address the question of whether ""democracy still 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025950 
works"", and mostly expressed their disagreement with Trump. Ideology is like halitosis: easy to see in others, 
hard in oneself A speaker felt that the media ""stifle all criticism of Trump"", another wanted to remove ""men 
and Elon Musk from government"", and everybody strongly agreed that we need more diversity everywhere. 
I noticed some time ago that Joi has remarkable public communication skills. He picks controversial, insight-
laden topics, but sanitizes them by carefully replacing the parts of content that would divide his audience with 
symbolic messages that everybody can fill with their own content in a way that resonates with them. The non-
controversial parts will still be insightful. He manages to come across as very subversive, while rarely offending 
anyone (except the hard scientists, that miss hard substance). 
He also asks influential people and smart students or faculty to write parts of his essays and speeches for him. 
This invests them in his success, especially because he is going to reward and acknowledge them. Very few of 
his ideas are original, instead he is good at identifying and testing thoughts he reads or hears from others. 
I am still beset by the ruinous instinct that the goal of communication ought to be mutual understanding. Joi is 
right. Public communication is about reaching one's goals. 
Bests, 
Joscha 
On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 12:42 AM, Joscha Bach > wrote: 
Dear Jeffrey, 
thank you for your support and encouragement, even where I fail. 
Sorry for being such an embarrassment today. I will spell out today's argument a bit better and cohesive when I 
get to it. Also, I should have recognized that the main point I tried to make would trigger Noam (who was as 
always very generous, patient, kind and humble on the personal level, even though he did not feel like 
conceding anything on the conceptual one). Almost all of Noam's work focused on the idea that humans have 
very specific circuits or modules (even when most people in his field began to have other ideas), and his 
frustration is that it is so hard to find or explain them. 
I found Noam's hypothesis very compelling in the past. I still think that the idea that language is somehow a 
cultural or social invention of our species is wrong. But I think that there is a chance (we don't know that, but it 
seems to most promising hypothesis IMHO) that the difference between humans and apes is not a very 
intricate special circuit, but genetically simple developmental switches. The bootstrapping of cognition works 
layer by layer during the first 20 years of our life. Each layer takes between a few months and a few years to 
train in humans. While a layer is learned, there is not much going on in the higher layers yet, and after the low 
level learning is finished, it does not change very much. This leads to the characteristic bursts in child 
development, that have famously been described by Piaget. 
The first few layers are simple perceptual stuff, the last ones learn social structure and self-in-society. The 
switching works with something like a genetic clock, very slowly in humans, but much more quickly in other 
apes, and very fast in small mammals. As a result, human children take nine months before their brains are 
mature enough to crawl, and more than a year before they can walk. Many African populations are quite a bit 
faster. In the US, black children outperform white children in motor development, even in very poor and 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025951 
socially disadvantaged households, but they lag behind (and never catch up) in cognitive development even 
after controlling for family income. 
Gorillas can crawl after 2 months, and build their own nests after 2.5 years. They leave their mothers at 3-4 
years. Human children are pretty much useless during the first 10-12 years, but during each phase, their brains 
have the opportunity to encounter many times as much training data as a gorilla brain. Humans are literally 
smarter on every level, and because the abilities of the higher levels depend on those of the lower levels, they 
can perform abstractions that mature gorillas will never learn, no matter how much we try to train them. 
The second set of mechanisms is in the motivational system. Motivation tells the brain what to pay attention to, 
by giving reward and punishment. If a brain does not get much reward for solving puzzles, the individual will 
find mathematics very boring and won't learn much of it. If a brain gets lots of rewards for discovering other 
people's intentions, it will learn a lot of social cognition. 
Language might be the result of three things that are different in humans: 
- extended training periods per layer (after the respective layer is done, it is difficult to learn a new set of 
phonemes or the first language) 
- more layers 
- different internal rewards. Perhaps the reward for learning grammatical structure is the same that makes us 
like music. Our brains may enjoy learning compositional regular structure, and they enjoy making themselves 
understood, and everything else is something the universal cortical learning figures out on its own. 
This is a hypothesis that is shared by a growing number of people these days. In humans, it is reflected for 
instance by the fact that races with faster motor development have lower IQ. (In individuals of the same group, 
slower development often indicates defects, of course.) 
Another support comes from machine learning: we find that the same learning functions can learn visual and 
auditory pattern recognition, and even end-to-end-learning. Google has built automatic image recognition into 
their current photo app: 
http://blogs.wsj . com/digits/2015/07/01/go ogle-mistakenly-tags-black-p eop le-as-gorillas-showing-limits-o f-
algorithms/  
The state of the art in research can do better than that: it can begin to ""imagine"" things. I.e. when the 
experimenter asks the system to ""dream"" what a certain object looks like, the system can produce a somewhat 
compelling image, which indicates that it is indeed learning visual structure. This stuff is something nobody 
could do a few months ago: 
http://www.creativeai.net/posts/Mv4WG6rdzAerZF7ch/synthesizing-preferred-inputs-via-deep-generator-
networks  
A machine learning program that can learn how to play an Atari game without any human supervision or hand-
crafted engineering (the feat that gave DeepMind 500M from Google) now just takes about 130 lines of Python 
code. 
These models do not have interesting motivational systems, and a relatively simple architecture. They currently 
seem to mimic some of the stuff that goes on in the first few layers of the cortex. They learn object features, 
visual styles, lighting and rotation in 3d, and simple action policies. Almost everything else is missing. But 
there is a lot of enthusiasm that the field might be on the right track, and that we can learn motor simulations 
and intuitive physics soon. (The majority of the people in Al do not work on this, however. They try to 
improve the performance for the current benchmarks.) 
Noam's criticism of machine translation mostly applies to the Latent Semantic Analysis models that Google 
and others have been using for many years. These models map linguistic symbols to concepts, and relate 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025952 
concepts to each other, but they do not relate the concepts to ""proper"" mental representations of what objects 
and processes look like and how they interact. Concepts are probably one of the top layers of the learning 
hierarchy, i.e. they are acquired *after* we learn to simulate a mental world, not before. Classical linguists 
ignored the simulation of a mental world entirely. 
It seems miraculous that purely conceptual machine translation works at all, but that is because concepts are 
shared between speakers, so the structure of the conceptual space can be inferred from the statistics of 
language use. But the statistics of language use have too little information to infer what objects look like and 
how they interact. 
My own original ideas concern a few parts of the emerging understanding of what the brain does. The 
""request-confirmation networks"" that I have introduced at a NIPS workshop in last the December are an 
attempt at modeling how the higher layers might self-organize into cognitive programs. 
Cheers! 
Joscha 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025953 
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014932.txt,"¢ Metrics could remain under pressure: Investors likely will look for stabilization in
key metrics such as app unique devices growth and local ad account growth, but it
could take time for incremental marketing and sales investments to bear fruit.

« Stock comp could create overhang: With Alphabet’s decision to only report GAAP
profits, Yelp’s high stock comp (67% of 2017E EBITDA) could create overhang to
the valuation.

Leading indicator data points:

Salesforce growth decelerating

While it possible that Yelp sees improving productivity per salesperson, and the mix shift
to national and self-serve reduces reliance on direct sales, the deceleration in salesforce
headcount is a negative leading indicator for revenues.

Chart 16: Salesforce growth versus local advertising revenue growth

80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%

0%

<x
+
oS

1Q15A
1Q16A
2Q16A
3Q16A

4Q16
1Q17E
2Q17E
3Q17E

20148
3Q14A
4Q14A
2015A
3Q15A
4Q15A

== Salesforce y/y % == == Salesforce y/y % ( 2-qtr shift) == Local ad rev y/y %

Source: Company, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

Accrued sales bonus and commissions tracking lower

We note that 4Q accrued bonuses and commissions are down y/y and reflect only 0.3%
of NTM revenue, which would be the lowest ratio seen in recent years. Even on an
absolute basis, the total accrued bonuses and commissions of $3.1mn is the lowest
since mid-2013. While this is likely due in part to gains in self-serve and perhaps
increased sales focus on National accounts, the change is noteworthy, in our view.

Chart 17: Accrued bonuses and commissions as a % of NTM revenue

1.2%

1.0%

3-year avg: 0.76

0.8%

0.6%

04%

0.2%

0.0%

FP MP PT OOOO SSS

Ce Corl FP GSO HL LH Oe

Source: Company, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

46 Internet/e-Commerce | 06 April 2017 Bankof America <2
Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014932
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030453.txt,"Intelligence Squared is proudly supported by its media partner:

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030453
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020228.txt,"76

Even while he used his position as a system administrator at Dell for the NSA to download
secret documents, Snowden remained in touch with some of the leading figures in the TOR
project under his various aliases. He also continued to invite activists to his crypto parties and he
openly advertised the Oahu Crypto Parties on the Internet until 2013. It certainly was not the
“loose lips sink ships” mind set of the NSA’s Cold War days. It better reflected on what CIA
Deputy Director Morell, who reviewed the situation in 2014 as a member of President Obama’s
NSA Review Committee, described as the NSA’s new “culture of transparency.” Even though the
NSA’s activities were largely walled off to the outside world, he found that the NSA in the post-
Cold War age had encouraged its technical workers to freely discuss challenges that arose in its
computer operations. ‘The idea was to spread knowledge and learn from the successes of others,”
Morell wrote, “but it created an enormous security vulnerability, given the always-existent risk of
an insider committed to stealing secrets.” According to a former intelligence executive, this new
“open culture,” exemplified by largely unrestricted entry to the NSANet by civilian contractors,”
fit the culture of the young civilians on the “geek squads” who now ran the NSA’s computer
networks.

It was remarkable that even in such “open culture “Snowden’s crypto party, TOR station, and
other anti-NSA activities could go unnoticed. After all, ten or so NSA workers attended the first
party it is not unlikely that many of them recognized him as their co-worker. If so, they knew (as
did Sandvik and Mills) that the TOR advocate “Cincinnatus” was Snowden. He had also not been
shy in contacting via email notable enemies of the NSA, such as Jacob Appelbaum, Parker
Higgins and Asher Wolf on behalf of the “Oahu Crypto Party.” If anyone, including the security
staff of the NSA, had been on the lookout for dissident intelligence workers, this well-advertised
gathering, and its organizer, might have been of interest. In 2014, I asked a former top NSA
executive whether such activities on behalf of TOR by a NSA employee would arouse the
attention of the NSA’s own “Q” counterespionage unit. He answered, “Snowden was not a NSA
employee.” As a contract employee of Dell residing in the United States, the NSA could not
legally monitor his private activities or intercept his communication. To do so, would require a
FBI request approved by the FISA court. So Snowden/Cincinnatus was free to operate openly in
recruiting NSA workers, hacktavists and computer buffs for his events. Ironically, adversary
intelligence services searching for disgruntled intelligence workers had no such constraints.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020228
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012922.txt,"6 1 Introduction

1.6 Potential Approaches to AGI

In principle, there is a large number of approaches one might take to building an AGI, starting
from the knowledge, software and machinery now available. This is not the place to review
them in detail, but a brief list seems apropos, including commentary on why these are not the
approaches we have chosen for our own research. Our intent here is not to insult or dismiss
these other potential approaches, but merely to indicate why, as researchers with limited time
and resources, we have made a different choice regarding where to focus our own energies.

1.6.1 Build AGI from Narrow AI

Most of the AI programs around today are “narrow AI” programs — they carry out one particular
kind of task intelligently. One could try to make an advanced AGI by combining a bunch of
enhanced narrow AI programs inside some kind of overall framework.

However, we’re rather skeptical of this approach because none of these narrow AI programs
have the ability to generalize across domains — and we don’t see how combining them or ex-
tending them is going to cause this to magically emerge.

1.6.2 Enhancing Chatbots

One could seek to make an advanced AGI by taking a chatbot, and trying to improve its code
to make it actually understand what it’s talking about. We have some direct experience with
this route, as in 2010 our AI consulting firm was contracted to improve Ray Kurzweil’s online
chatbot ""Ramona"". Our new Ramona understands a lot more than the previous Ramona version
or a typical chatbot, due to using Wikipedia and other online resources, but still it’s far from
an AGI.

A more ambitious attempt in this direction was Jason Hutchens’ a-i.com project, which
sought to create a human child level AGI via development and teaching of a statistical learning
based chatbot (rather than the typical rule-based kind). The difficulty with this approach,
however, is that the architecture of a chatbot is fundamentally different from the architecture
of a generally intelligent mind. Much of what’s important about the human mind is not directly
observable in conversations, so if you start from conversation and try to work toward an AGI
architecture from there, you’re likely to miss many critical aspects.

1.6.3 Emulating the Brain

One can approach AGI by trying to figure out how the brain works, using brain imaging and
other tools from neuroscience, and then emulating the brain in hardware or software.

One rather substantial problem with this approach is that we don’t really understand how
the brain works yet, because our software for measuring the brain is still relatively crude. There
is no brain scanning method that combines high spatial and temporal accuracy, and none is

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012922
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029102.txt,"Dear Harvard Business School,

| am extremely excited to share my application with you. For years now it has been my dream to attend your
MBA program, studying amongst the world’s best professors and most achieved students to earn the edu-
cation that will influence the rest of my career and the future of my company. To explain how much | also
hope to contribute at Harvard, | would like to tell you three stories that characterize who | am.

My first story is about family.

A small-town Italian from a modest family, my father worked locally as an industrial designer after high school,
but he always wanted to be an entrepreneur. Thirty-four years ago, at the age of 22, as soon as he sawa
market opportunity, he quit his job (defying his parents), linked his talents for design and sports, and hand-
built his first piece of gym equipment in his garage; that was the beginning of Technogym. By the time | arrived,
seven years later, Technogym had earned a respected place in the international market. Nine years later,
when my younger brother was born, it was the world-leading and most innovative manufacturer of fitness
equipment, digital wellness solutions and rehabilitation systems. It now has annual revenues of over 555m€
and 35 million daily users in over 100 countries. My father directs some 2,000 staff as CEO and Chairman.
Thousands of talented people have contributed to Technogym, among them my mother, my brother, and I.
Technogym has been like my older sibling, and has always been the main topic of conversation at dinner. We
plan our vacations around it and have supported one another through its ups and downs. We have all made
sacrifices — but gladly, as one always does for family.

My father’s vision to bring “wellness” to people around the world inspired me to get involved at a very young
age, so many of my childhood memories involve weekends at the office with my dad. These early experiences
embedded in me the entrepreneurial values that make my father such a successful person, values such as
taking calculated risks and investing in innovation. | have attended countless meetings at his side and worn a
company T-shirt at every Olympics from Athens 2004 to Rio 2016, as Technogym has been the games’ official
supplier since 2000.

Growing up in a family business has given me access to a vast network of people and | have sought to learn
as much as | could from inspiring people like Richard Branson and Marc Benioff; however, the person | admire
the most is my mother, who put aside her own education and career to commit to our family and company.
She’s been at my father’s side since she was 16. Women have played a huge role in business and society,
and | want to do my part to further opportunities for women, joining the long legacy of leaders who proudly
call themselves Harvard alumnae. | intend to participate in the Women’s Student Association to become one
of the voices that carries this power beyond the campus. A Harvard education will help me develop the vision,
leadership and credibility that | will need throughout my career, and in furthering great causes that mean a lot
to me.

Next, I'd like to talk about commitment.

| understood early that | would always participate with my father's legacy and lead Technogym. | committed
myself to learning languages at school, becoming a good teammate and competitor through sports, and
spending my university holidays exploring different industries through internships. Yet | still wanted to set my
own career and earn my own credibility. Whether conducting analyses at JP Morgan in Paris, selling high-
priced artwork in Mexico City, or developing marketing campaigns for iconic brands like Bulgari and
Tifany&Co., | have built my own identity thanks to working alongside diverse, accomplished people. By
adapting to different countries, cultures and industries, | have adopted new ways of thinking, working, and
even speaking while also asserting myself and learning to make measurable contributions quickly.

My most impactful experience was volunteering for a UN’s World Food Program microfinance initiative in El
Salvador, one of the world's poorest and most dangerous countries. | helped design and develop “Fondo
para Agricultura,” an investment fund supporting 75,000 small farmers. There, | was warned not to walk
alone or explore the city, but | have never seen such warm and generous people as the Salvadorans. | made
lifelong friends with my colleagues and many locals, and | witnessed how even small efforts can impact the
lives of many. | became active in our company’s foundation to spread goodwill in my own community.
Since 2009, Technogym has been an invitee of the World Economic Forum in Davos as the ‘wellness indus-
try shaper’, a true honour for a company of its size. Accompanying my father to the Annual Meetings, | have

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029102
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031304.txt,"DARREN K. INDYKE
DARREN K. INDYKE, PLLC
575 Lexington Avenue, 4th Floor

Be ee eee ee ee ee ee i ee i ee i ee i ee ee ee ee ee ee ee i
iS 2g 3S 2g Ds 2 248 is 2Ik is 2c 2s 2

The information contained in this communication is confidential, may be attorney-client
privileged, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Darren K. Indyke, PLLC. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication
or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail, and destroy this
communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments.

Copyright of Darren K. Indyke, PLLC - € 2016 Darren K.

Indyke, PLLC © All rights reserved.

Be ee ee eee ee ee i ee ee i ee ee ee ee ee ee i ee ie ie i
BS 2k 3S 2k DIS 2g 246 is 2fe 2s 2 2s 2g 2k

Begin forwarded message:

From: steven hoffenberg

Subject: Fwd: JAMES PATTERSON NEW BOOK TELLING FEDS COVER UP OF BILLIONAIRE
JEFF EPSTEIN CHILD RAPES RELEASE DATE OCT 10 2016 STEVEN HOFFENBERG IS ON
THE BOOK WRITING TEAM !!!!

Date: August 11, 2016 at 9:42:25 AM EDT

To:

Steven J. Hoffenberg
New York Post Publishing INC.
CEO

WHAM INC THE PUBLIC COMPANY OWNS THE BELOW OPERATIONS

TOWERSINVESTORS.COM
CEO

SEE
WWwW.POST PUBLISHING.BUZZ THE JESUS CHRIST ON LINE GODs WORD NEWSPAPER

MR HOFFENBERG ONLINE NEWSPAPER
PUBLICSPEAKINGWALLSTREET.COM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031304
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025282.txt,"Precious metals

Preference: neutral

Gold (24 Oct): USD 1,7020z (last month: USD 1,764/oz)
UBS View (gold) Gold 6-month target: USD 1,875/oz
¢ So far we saw inflows into gold of around 4 million ounces via physically backed ETFs since Bernanke's
speech at Jackson Hole. We expect this trend to continue and to lead to an undersupplied market, with
financial demand also finding its way into gold futures and physical gold bars and coins.
e Additional demand support comes from central banks, which are likely to further increase their foreign
reserve allocation to the yellow metal. At the same time the drag from India's jewelry demand is set to fade
with an already lower base in 2H11 and a stabilizing Indian rupee.
¢ Securing sufficient investment demand to push prices sharply higher is different from securing the
needed demand over a long period of time, and along these lines we see less support for the price over a 6-
month perspective. Secondly, from a portfolio perspective we currently prefer to take some risk off the
table instead of on, and we thus maintain our neutral stance on gold.

A Positive scenario 6-month target: USD 2,250/oz
¢ Unorthodox monetary policy measures by the Fed start to weaken the USD persistently. Moreover, the
risk of a Eurozone breakup intensifies, which triggers a tidal wave of investment demand for gold.

& Negative scenario 6-month target: USD 1,450/oz
e A hard landing of China and India or the Fed backing off from the recent monetary policy
announcements would be a key drag on the yellow metal. The latter would have the strongest impact.

What we're watching
Physical demand/supply

Why it matters

In the months ahead, with the festive season in India starting and monsoon
activity having improved considerably, supporting rural incomes, Indian
physical demand is likely to pick up. Key dates: World Gold Council mid-
November release.

Mining activity in South Africa is unlikely to return to normal in the coming
months. Hence, we are closely tracking mining news from South Africa,
including the aggregated PGM IP numbers to assess the overall situation.

In order to see the gold price reaching our target, investment inflows into
physically backed ETFs need to continue. To gauge investor interest in gold
(sector) a build-up in futures positions is likely to materialize as well.

Key dates: 2 Nov US payrolls; 8 Nov ECB meeting, 12 Dec Fed meeting

Investment flow

Monetary policy

2 UBS

Recommendations
Tactical (up to 6 months)

Although it is possible for gold to test its
all-time high in the next three months, we
are aware that the metal has already
appreciated firmly ahead of the QE3
announcement, which requires an ever
growing amount of investment demand
to hold the current upward trajectory.

Strategic (1 to 2 years)

To protect investors’ portfolios from
unorthodox monetary policy measures,
holding gold exposure is a viable and
attractive strategy. Alternatively, we
recommend palladium as well as
platinum. Structural supply issues with
regard to platinum and a reduction in
Russian stock sales of palladium speak in
favor of PGM exposure, despite higher
volatility.

Money created per hour
(in mn USD)

60

Value of new gold mined (Valued at USD
1,7 70loz,

USD created (via QE3 only)

Per hour.

Source: WGC, Bloomberg, UBS, as of Oct. 2012
Note: Past performance is not an indication of future returns.

For further information please contact ClO's asset class specialists Dominic Schnider, dominic.schnider@ubs.com or Giovanni Staunovo, giovanni.staunovo@ubs.com

Please see important disclaimer and disclosures at the end of the document.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025282
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027962.txt,"nearly four decades before our capture of the West Bank in 1967, he insisted
that we needed to create a Jewish state in all of biblical Israel: from the
Mediterranean to the Jordan River.

It was through Bibi and Yoni that I got to know their father. After 1948, he
had led a frustrating existence. A specialist in medieval Jewish history, he could
not find a place on the faculty at Hebrew University. He was convinced,
perhaps with some reason, that his outspoken advocacy for Jabotinsky’s
Zionism in a country defined by Ben-Gurion’s had frozen him out. He left to
pursue his academic career in America, where both Yoni and Bibi spent much
of their youth. He always remained bitter about what he felt were unfair,
politically inspired, roadblocks to his academic advancement in Jerusalem.

Though he would eventually return to Israel, he was teaching at Cornell
when his sons became officers under my command in Sayeret Matkal. So there
was a physical distance between father and sons. But what struck me was how
large the father loomed in both of their lives. There was an almost adolescent
admiration, bordering on worship. I remember once remarking to Nava that it
was as if, despite all their physical self-confidence, Bibi and Yoni were tethered
to their father by some mental umbilical cord. They seemed weighted down by a
struggle to live up to his expectations, to right the “wrongs” done to him, and
achieve the advancement and success which the young State of Israel had
denied him. In a poignant postscript, decades later when Bibi first was elected
Prime Minister, Ben-Zion was asked by a journalist for his reaction. “He would
make a very good Minister of Hasbarah,” he replied, a Hebrew word which
translates as something between public relations and propaganda. “Or Foreign
Minister.” But how about Prime Minister, the reporter pressed. Ben-Zion
replied: “Time will tell.”

Even as we mounted intercept operations deeper into Egypt and Syria, I
made sure that we trained as if we were already the broader strike force I hoped
Sayeret Matkal would become. We mapped out plans for commando operations
against the new kind of security challenges the country faced. We worked in
detail on how we’d carry them out. We prepared rigorously to make sure we’d
be ready. Yet no matter how proficient we got, there was no guarantee it would
actually happen. A bit like Avraham in the unit’s infancy, I had to deal with the

114
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027962
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024822.txt,"COWEN
COLLABORATIVE INSIGHTS February 25, 2019

oO TABLE OF CONTENTS

Consumer Products Market SiZimg (AZCL) .o.cccccccsssssecssssssssssssessccssssssessccssssssssseesasssssssscesatssssssseesassssssseesassssssssessasssssssseseessssssseceseessssssecseseussiusececeesssiueceeeeansseees 8
The Science Of CBD (NACCAU) oo... eeceecccescsscssseessseesssessssescsseeseessssecesncesesssrvesssvecsusessessssvcesnsesevesssesssnessussareessusesusssrvesssvessnessessssesssnsesaussresssssesneesreessirsesnesseeeeseeeeees 10
CBD Hemp Cultivation (N@IVEFT)......ccccccccsssssssssssssssssssssscssssssssseecassssssscssesssssvsssesssssssssessnssussseesanssusssseesasssusssseeeatssussseessersssssssessessasisseeesessnssueceseeansneseeesan 41
Synthetic Cannabis (SCHENKEl) oo... ccccccsssssssssssscsosssssssssccansssssseesassssssssessesssssssssecesssssssssscessnssvssssesanssvssseesanssussseeeeatssssssseesesssssssseseessssisseesseesnssueceseeansseseeeean 17
Life Science Tools Participation In The Legal Cannabis Market (ScHENKE!) ......cccccccccscssssssssssssssssssssecssssssssssscsscsssssssscssesssssssseccesssissssesesasssssseceeasssenesees 22
Consumer Products Opportunities (AZEL) ....ccccccssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssessesssssssssceessssvsssesessnsssssseessnssusssseesanssuisseesassssssseessessssssssessessnsissesseesssssececeeansiwseeeeas 24
NUUPACCUTICAS oo... secs eecsseeessseeesssnessssnessrsnecsrsneesesseessvseesssscesnsecsnseecsuseecsnseessnseersnsesssnsessansesssnesrsnessesneesrsnecsnsneesnseeesnsteesnurecsnseecsutessneessnseersneesraneessintestintesrantesnens 28
TOPICAS ooo ecceecseessssecsssecsnscsssesessseansesnseessssennscsnscsssscesnscsnssssseesssscansesnseessseeansesnssassseesusssnsesrssessuacansesnseesuseeansssnseessseeansesnscssseeesueansesneeeesseesnesnseesseeeaneesneesreneeneeanees 35
Slee cs eee eee ee ee ee 38
Bottled Water oun... eccsecssessssnessssnessssnessrsesssseesrstessvsecsnseecsnsseesnseessustecsnseessnseessnsesesnsesssnsesssnsesranesrsntesroneesnsseesnvecesnsneesnaressueessneessnseeranseetaneeeransesenneesnansesraneesrens 39
Emery Dri ones eecceecsssscsssecsseessseessscesnsesssecssscesnscsasessseessscsnsessseceuscansesnsecssseeanscsnsesssseesnscansesnseesssesansesnscessseeanscsnscsrscesuneeansesnseesuseeansessssessseenieesneesseesiteeaneeaneeets 40
BOOT scesersnsseecrenneracenreersnaeeverneerennreaneravennreerseareve rere ea ameret me eR Neye rere Seer RE TE Er nrrEEeRR RoR mR ERE rE OTE eRe rN EES 41
BOQULY o..cececccecssessecssessssesncsncesneesscesecssssnsssnsesnscsneessceuscesssrsssnsesnsesnsesnseuseesscesesrassnsssnsesnseunceuscesecesssrstsnsesnscsnsesueesecesecrassesesnsesnsesnseaeeueeeseerecsuassnsenseaneeuteenetretseesenseets 44
FOO (COMPECCIONS) 0... ceccecscsesssseesssecsssessecesssesssssesevesssesssucssuscsrvessuvecsnsesasessuesssuesasesrsesssnsesussssesssvessusesesssssestsnsesisssiessisesutsareessivstanessitsssinstaeestesriestinseaeeseeets 49
VAPON oes eeceesseessnecsnecsecenecsscssscsnscsnsesnscsnsesnceseceseassssnsesnsesnseaneesuceuecssearsssnassnsesnsesneesuceuecestsrassnsssnsesnsseneeuecesecesesressnsssnsesnseaneeueeueesseseassnsesnseaneeaueeeneeeeesetsretsneeenseaneeenees 51
The CBD Competitive Landscape — Public/Private Company Discussions (AZEM) oo... cccccccccccccessssssstsssseeseecececessnsssstanmsesseseeceeesenssssssutseseeseeesenee 54
Publicly Traded Companies ooo... ceccescssessecsssssssessssecsssessnscssseesssecanscsnsecssseensscsssesssseensscansesnseessseeansssnscessseeansssusesrseeesneeansesnseessseeansesussereseenieesseesrseesteeeaneeaneeets 54
Canadian LP COMMENtALrY ON CBD oa. cecsececscssssecsssecsssesssesssneesnsesnseessscesssesuseesssceunscsnsesrsseeusscansesuseessseeansssnseessseeassssssesrseesssesnsestaceeuseeansesnecesueeaneesneeseeeeeaee 57
BO ri GAIT RIGS rccenueermeosevssperreeresnneayenveeaneneiesumrerneeeenene anveremee meee eereneeencee weeemmnenre reer mate e nT mrES ere 58
Private COMPANIES «0.0... eececcecssecseessesssessutssnscsnsesscesccesecssssnsesnsesnseancesscesecesecssssnsesnsesnsesucesscesecesssrstsnsesnscsnsesueesecesecrsssssssnsssnsesnseaseeuseeseerecsnassuseenseaneeuceeneteenseetenseets 61
Health Care: Drug Retailer Perspective (RAYCE) ......cccccccccsssssssssssesssssussssesssssusssscesassssssseesasssusssseesasssssssaessesssssvsseesesssssssecssessnsssseacessnsisuesesanssssueceeansnesssees 63
Health Care: Payor Perspective (RAY€C) ......ccccccccccssssssssssssssccssssssssscecsnssssssseessnssusssseesasssussseesansssssseesasssssssseseasssssvssessesssssuseeesesstssssuceceeunsnustseeanssesseseeanssesveees 64
Health Care: Provider Perspective (RAYCE).......ccccccccsssssssssssssssssesssecssssssssscesssssssssscesasssssssseesassssssseessasssssssscesessnsssseesssesusssssceesssnsssseteceesnsssssseeeeatssuusesceanssesesees 64
eCommerce To Be A Key Consumer Distribution Channel Long Term (Blackledge) .........cccccccssssssssessssssssssssssssessessssssssessessssssssesseessssuesesesansieeeeeean 65
Cannabidiol (CBD) Entrance Into Mass Retail May Start In Beauty Before Entering Broadlines (CHEM) .........ccccccccsssssssseesscssssseesssessnsseeeeeen 69
Growing Application For Hemp And CBD Within The Apparel & Footwear Market (Kerman) .......ccccccccssssssssssscsssssssesscsssssseecessnssusesesansseneeeean 70
We Would Expect Starbucks To Be First Under Our Active Coverage To Pilot CBD Oil, Though Not In Near Term Plan (Charles).............. 74
Regulatory Considerations For CBD (Assaraf — Washington Research Group) w.......ccsssssesssssssssssssessscsssssssessessssssssessessssssssscesssssssssssesanssssseseeanssenesees 75
Global CBD Landscape (AZOP)...ccccccsssccscssssssssusssssesosssusssseessnsssssseeesassssssssessesssssssseesessassssssecessnssvsssasesanssssssseesanssussseeseatsssssseeecessussssseseeesasisseeeseesnssuecesesansieseceean 79
PURODGSA LE NASGA DG esc seserreeresnaeenveeamnencemrereeenene anvermeenremeerneneer a remmnene eer ete nr mre Ere 80
Latin American Landscape oon... cecceecsescsssesssssssssesssscessscsssesrsecesnscsnsesnseesssscansesnsecsssesansesnsesrseesnscsnscssseessscansesnscessseeansesnseessseeanscsnsesnsceesseeanseseseeticeeaneeaneeereneeaee 84
Additional Applications / Implicatioms (Nadeau & OSDOFME) ...cccccccceceseseesessesseseesececersvssssnnsnssceseeceeecensssssnnnmnmseseseececersnssstnsummseseseeceeetenssssnsuuseseeeeeesetee 87
Epilepsy & Psychiatric Comditioms (NAG@AU) .oa...ecccccccccsssssssesssescsossssssssessasssssssessasssssssscssesssssssseeeessassssateseessssssssecessnssvsssscessnssususseesansssissesesanssussesesansienesees 87
ndustrial Hemp And Sustainable Bioproducts (OSDOFME) .....ccccccsssssesssssssssesssssecssssssssecesassssssseecassssssssessassssssseeessesussssseseeesssiseteseesssiseteseeansssceeeeanssees 94
ADDON IX... .seesececsseccssessssecsssscsssesssesssscensscsnscsrsseesnscsnsessseesssseunscsnsecssseeunscsnsesssessnscsnsesuseesssecansesuseesssceusscsnsesrseesssscausesuseceuseeansssnsesssseeassesssesiseessueeansesnscesiseeaneesneeeeeeeenee 96
6 COWEN.COM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024822
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012224.txt,"_

45

16

7

19

20

21

22

MP:

MP:

just gonna pay you money but | didn't think that !, | thought that was just ma:
business whatever [iii do, just gonna go over there. And she told me that it
was a rich guy and she was saying oh my God, he’s so rich, blah, blah, blah.
And he has like a new Mercedes and all this stuff and she’s like explaining him.
And then, what's it called...so actually we didn’t, we left but we didn’t end up
going to the bowling alley. Her boyfriend went to his house really fast to go get
HE something from his house and then he (inaudible) brought his car back to
HE s house and we were just sitting there watching the movie but she was
like, | are you sure you're going to go with me and | was like okay, I'll go
with you. |’m like last time, I’m like, what are we gonna do ii we were going
to. go shopping and we were discussing what we were going to buy with our
money, cause she told me how much money | was gonna get, $300. And | was
cool, | know whal I'm gonna buy. We're just like saying what we were gonna buy
with the money. She said | need to go buy a purse and then the next day,
actually | gave her my phone number that night so she could call, so she could
pick me up. And when | went in the house that moming, she called me, she
| Ee you still gonna come with me and !'m like yeah. So she’s like okay,
get ready. !’m gonna be there in like 30 minutes and then she came to the
house in like 30 minutes. And she had a friend with her.
Do you remember the name of tne friend?
| don't know her name but she was like really dark, kind of like a Spanish girl. |
don't (inaudible)...
Darker than me?

Page 14 0f 43

05130

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012224
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017973.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 10 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 11 of 18

After he pleaded guilty in state court, Jeffrey Epstein was assigned to a private section of the Palm Beach County stockade. Soon, however, he was allowed to leave the
compound six days a week, 12 hours a day, for what was termed work release. Emily Michot E//CHOT@MIAMIHERALD.COM

“We just decided that was the best way to accomplish what needed to be done here and the parties agreed that that sentence satisfied everyone’s
requirements,” Goldberger replied.

Said Judge Pucillo: “The taxpayers of Palm Beach County are going to pay 18 months to house this guy instead of DOC [the Department of Corrections]?”
Belohlavek: “Right.”
Pucillo did not respond to a request for comment on the case.

Villafafia, the lead federal prosecutor in Epstein’s case, was in the courtroom, but there’s no indication she objected to Epstein’s cozier jail
accommodations.

When he entered jail in July 2008, Epstein was arguably the most well-known inmate there. Records also show that Epstein hired Palm Beach sheriff's
deputies for his security details, paying them for the hours they spent monitoring him on work release at his West Palm Beach office, where he often
stayed until 10 p.m., jail logs show.

The Herald reviewed their time sheets, showing that the deputies logged visitors coming and going to and from his office throughout the day. A record log
of his visitors was kept in a safe, but the log no longer exists, according to a spokeswoman for the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office.

One deputy who often worked Epstein’s detail said that his assignment was to stay in a front reception room of Epstein’s office. Epstein was in a separate
office — with the door closed — most of the day as he accepted visitors, both male and female, the deputies’ logs show.

“Tt was not our job to monitor what he was doing in that office,” the deputy,
now retired, told the Herald.

In their early reports in July 2008, the deputies referred to Epstein as
“Gnmate”’ but within a few weeks the language had changed and he was
called a “client.” He was occasionally allowed to take a break for lunch by
sitting outside in a park, the records show, and they also gave him
permission to scout for a new office. While on work release, he was required
to wear an ankle bracelet to monitor his whereabouts.

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017973
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031462.txt,"From: Lesley Groff as

Sent: 4/28/2016 4:46:00 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re: Reuters / lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein

Importance: — High

ok...
SO SOITY...

On Apr 28, 2016, at 12:42 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

---------- Forwarded message ----------

From: Martin Weinberg ~

Date: Thu, Apr 28, 2016 at 12:20 PM

Subject: Fwd: Reuters / lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein
To: Jeff Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>

Privileged - Redacted |

i
Dee eee eee ee eee emeeme em eem eee eee eee eee meneame seen eee ees smee meses meses eee merece eee eee eee eens ee eee eee eee

Begin forwarded message:

From:
Date: April 28, 2016 at 12:14:37 PM EDT

To:

Subject: RE: Reuters / lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein

Sorry, the suit is attached to this email.

From: Ingram, David (Reuters News)

Sent: Thursday, April 28, 2016 12:14 PM

To: ‘Martin G. Weinberg’

Subject: Reuters / lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein

Hi Marty,

The attached lawsuit was filed this week in federal court in California alleging that Jeffrey Epstein and another
man, Donald Trump, raped her in 1994. We’re planning to publish a story on the suit this afternoon, and we
want to make sure it is fair. Is Mr. Epstein available to speak? Or do you want to offer a comment on this
behalf?

My number is a, and I’m available any time. I also just tried your cell phone.

Thank you in advance.

David Ingram

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031462
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029664.txt,"But we need tools to mine good intentions: inspirations, ones which await the creative spark, the source of all
enlargement. Creativity is central to our progress and to all human endeavour.

Music provides the clue: unlike other forms of art, music is not representational. Unlike the outcome of the
sciences, it was never discoverable or awaiting discovery. A Mahler symphony did not exist before Mahler created
it.

E.T.A. Hoffman, a contemporary of Beethoven's, famously said: ""Music reveals to man an unknown realm, a world
quite separate from the outer sensual world surrounding him, a world in which he leaves behind all feelings
circumscribed by intellect in order to embrace the inexpressible.""

This is not to turn our back on reason. Or to argue that modernism, with all its secular progress through education,
industrialisation, communications, transport and the centralised state, has not spectacularly endowed the world as
no other movement before it. But a void exists between the drum-roll of mechanisation with its cumulative power of
science and the haphazard, explosive power of creativity and passion. Science is forever trying to undress nature
while the artistic impulse is to be wrapped in it.

While these approaches are different - perhaps often diametrically opposite - they inform related strands of thinking
in ways that promote energy and vision.

This is what | have found when these forces are contemplated in tandem. When passion and reason vie with each
other, the emerging inspiration is invariably deeper and of an altogether higher form. One is able to knit between
them, bringing into existence an overarching unity - a coherence - which fidelity to the individual strands cannot
provide.

In the world | have lived in, the world of politics, political economy and internationalism, the literature exists in
abundance. But what is far from abundant are the frameworks for the intuitive resolution of complex problems that
require multi-dimensional solutions.

But from where do we glean this extra dimensionality?

For me, it has always been from two sources: policy ambition in its own right and from imagination - the dreaming.
Policy ambition arising from Kant's higher self, and imagination promoted by those reliable wellsprings - music,
poetry, art and architecture - blending the whole into a creative flux.

This collection of speeches reflects many of those interests and impulses - whether it be Joern Utzon's Opera
House or the imperative of liberal internationalism in foreign policy or Neoclassicism, the future of native title or the
rise of China. Each is related in a wider construct which is part and parcel of the way | have viewed and thought
about the world.

While the speeches are from the period after my prime ministerial life and period in government, the impulse in
writing them came from the same framework and inclinations which informed my life in public office.

The speeches may be read individually or read together, subject to subject, idea to idea. Either way, a common
thread informs them all.

| trust this might be evident to the reader.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029664
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013382.txt,"In any event, none of the allegations of “improper” process can survive summary
judgment scrutiny, because every action Edwards took was entirely proper and reasonably
calculated to lead to the successful prosecution of the pending claims against Epstein as detailed
in Edwards’ Affidavit.

| Epstein also fails to meet the second element of an abuse of process claim: that Edwards
had some sort of ulterior motive. The case law is clear that on an abuse of process claim a
“plaintiff must prove that the process was used for an immediate purpose other than that for
which it was designed.” S&J Investments v. Payless Flea Market, Inc., 36 So.3d 909, 917 (Fla.
4"" Dist. Ct. App. 2010) (citing Biondo v. Powers, 805 So.2d 67, 69 (Fla. 4"" Dist. Ct. App. 2002).
As.a consequence, “[w]here the process was used to accomplish the result for which it was
intended, regardless of an incidental or concurrent motive of spite or ulterior purpose, there is no
abuse of process.” Jd. (internal quotation omitted). Here, Edwards has fully denied any
improper motive, See Statement of Undisputed Facts, and Epstein has no evidence of any such
motivation. Indeed, it is revealing that Epstein chose not to ask even a single question about this
subject during the depenftiors of Edwards. In addition, all of the actions that Epstein complains
about were in fact used for the immediate purpose of furthering the lawsuits filed by L.M., E.W.,
and Jane Doe. In other words, these actions all were both intended to accomplish and, in fact,
successfully “accomplished the results for which they were intended” -- whether it was securing
additional dixcavery or presenting a legal issue to the court handling the case or ultimately
maximizing the recovery of damages from Epstein on behalf of his victims. Accordingly,

Edwards is entitled to summary judgment on any claim that he abused process for this reason as

well.

13

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013382
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018438.txt,"﻿
What Others Are Saying About
The S&M Feminist
* * *
""I wish we could make it so everyone buying a copy of Fifty Shades of Grey would also
buy Clarisse Thorn's The S&M Feminist.""
~ A.V. Flox, editor of BlogHer's Love & Sex section
""Clarisse isn't afraid to talk about her own experiences with BDSM, relationships, and
sexual politics. But she's also not afraid to explore some of the issues around consent,
violence, and safety that a lot of the kink cheerleaders would like to sweep under the rug.
She brings a refreshing honesty to her writing that is often lacking. Add to that a deep
commitment to feminism and sex-positivity, and you have an amazing combination.
""The tension between kink and feminism is a tough one to hold onto and most people end
up firmly in one camp or the other. What makes Clarisse's writing phenomenal is her
steadfast refusal to avoid doing that. The clarity with which she discusses both sides
without resorting to caricatures or stereotypes is simultaneously inspiring and
challenging. If you're interested in either or both, I can't recommend her enough.""
~ Charlie Glickman, educator at the classic feminist sex store Good Vibrations
* * *
* * *
* * *
The S&M Feminist:
Best of Clarisse Thorn
* * *
Clarisse Thorn
Smashwords Edition
* * *
clarissethorn.com
@ClarisseThorn
* * *
This ebook is copyright 2012 Clarisse Thorn. I certainly have mixed feelings about
modern copyright law... but I've put an enormous amount of time and effort into my
writing. So I ask you to please respect my time and effort, and observe copyright laws as
they apply to this ebook. If you would like to share this book with another person, please
purchase a new copy for each recipient. If you're reading this book and did not purchase
it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please purchase your own copy. Also,
check out the Electronic Frontier Foundation at [ http://eff.org ], a nonprofit that protects
free speech on the Internet and does lots of awesome work around copyright issues.
Cover image copyright 2002 Clarisse Thorn.
* * *
* * *
* * *
Also check out Clarisse's awesome book
Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser!
* * *
There's a huge subculture of men who trade tips, tricks, and tactics for seducing women.
Clarisse Thorn, a feminist S&M writer and activist, spent years researching these guys.
She observed their discussions, watched them in action, and learned their strategies. By
the end, she'd given a lecture at a seduction convention. This is her story -- and her
theories about feminism and seduction to boot.
https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/144451
In paperback: https://www.createspace.com/3830583
* * *
* * *
* * *
Notes, Acknowledgments and Resources
* * *
I had a privileged upbringing. My education and safety nets are the biggest reasons I'm
able to do the work that I do, and I try not to forget that. I have been blessed with parents,
friends, and lovers who have supported me both emotionally and intellectually. Since this
is a ""Best Of"" my blog, I want to particularly acknowledge the commenters who have
contributed their perspective to my blog, and the other bloggers who have responded to
me and cross-posted my work. There are too many to name, but thank you all so much.
Special thanks to Brenda Errichiello, a guerrilla editor-for-hire. Brenda has been very
generous and helpful to me; errors and weirdness in this book should be blamed on me
and not her, because a lot of the time she tries to convince me to fix things and I refuse
out of writerly arrogance. If you need editing for your self-published ebook (and you do),
then you should totally contact her. Her website is [ http://www.bee-editing.com/ ].
I try to keep my writing as accessible as possible. One way I do that is by avoiding jargon
and by using terms that I think most people will recognize. I often write ""S&M"" instead
of ""BDSM,"" for example; and when I'm using technical S&M language like ""top"" or
""bottom"" or ""scene,"" I try to define the words as I go along. But sometimes I slip into
jargon by accident. Also, plenty of S&M terms are super useful, and giving a quick
overview of S&M language can go a long way towards describing S&M culture. Hence, I
have included a Glossary at the end of this book. Many of the terms in the Glossary aren't
terms that I use in this book, but you might find it useful or interesting anyway. (I also
included a few terms that come from other subcultures, such as polyamory or queer
studies.)
I've received a lot of feedback over the years informing me that I'm the ""gateway drug""
into feminism for some readers. That's kind of cool, but I want to make it clear that if
you're just now getting into feminism, there's lots of other stuff to learn before you draw
any conclusions. Feminism is a huge, varied, rich movement with lots of history, schisms,
and discontents. Also, in case it needs to be said, I'm not the only feminist who does
S&M. There are others, some of whom love my work and some of whom disagree with
me frequently.
One advantage of the blog format, as opposed to more traditional formats, is that each
post can contain tons of hyperlinks -- and each article has comment space, so there can be
fascinating discussions that explore each topic more deeply. (Of course, there can also be
silly, boring, or offensive discussions.) As soon as a blog becomes moderately successful,
it develops its own community of regular commenters, and mine is no exception.
Facilitating and moderating these discussions can be amazingly fun and interesting. It can
also be stressful and exhausting. As a commenter community evolves, it shapes how
other people read the blog's articles and comment on them; sometimes the community
will develop norms or tendencies that make certain people feel more comfortable -- or
less comfortable. I've tried to control this with my blog so that it's a welcoming
environment for most people, but I have such a diverse range of commenters that it's
sometimes quite difficult.
I bring all this up because, if you're intrigued by some of the articles you read in this
book, I encourage you to check out the original post. In this book, I've made a lot of
hyperlinks into footnotes, but not all of them. More importantly, if you look at the
original post, you can read the comments. But my commenter community has changed
over time. Sometimes it's more feminist, for example, and sometimes it's less feminist. So
just be aware, if you read the comments, that the range of opinions may not reflect any
group that would assemble elsewhere on the planet; that a different community might
produce really different comments; and that other articles might have really different
discussions.
You can buy this book in paperback form at CreateSpace:
https://www.createspace.com/3878670
If you've already read my incredibly awesome book Confessions of a Pickup Artist
Chaser, then thank you! (Bonus points if you can pick out all the parts of Confessions
that I pulled verbatim from articles included in this book.) If you haven't read
Confessions, then please check that out, too.
https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/144451
Paperback copies of Confessions: https://www.createspace.com/3830583
I powered this ebook almost entirely with my own strangely obsessive energy, so you can
blame me for any mistakes. If you find coding errors, broken internal links, or whatever,
then I invite you to email me and let me know so I can update the file! I'm available at
clarisse.thorn@gmail.com.
This is version 1.2 of The S&M Feminist. The resource list, glossary, and formatting
have all been updated.
* * *
BDSM Resources
BDSM is a 6-for-4 deal of an acronym that stands for Bondage, Discipline, Dominance,
Submission, Sadism, and/or Masochism. Some people call it S&M, B&D, leather, fetish,
or kink. BDSM can mean very different things to different people, and there are a lot of
activities that can fall under the BDSM umbrella; such activities might include spanking,
Master/slave role-playing, handcuffs, cages, rape fantasies, razor blades, or all kinds of
other things.
I mention a lot of resources in the articles that I've included in this book, but I wanted to
include an overview at the beginning, too.
Hands down, I believe that one of the most important resources within the BDSM
community is the Kink Aware Professionals list. If you are seeking medical, legal or
other professional help for a problem that is influenced by alternative sexuality, there is
probably someone on the list who can help you. When I was going through my own
complicated and difficult BDSM coming-out process, I tried two therapists from the KAP
list. One of them didn't really get me, but the second was wonderfully helpful -- so, if
you're looking for a therapist, don't be afraid to shop around until you find the right fit.
The list is here: https://ncsfreedom.org/resources/kink-aware-professionals-directory/kapdirectory-homepage.html
Want more information on how BDSM interfaces with the psychiatric establishment?
I've compiled the research here: http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/05/07/thepsychology-of-sm/
Books
In 2012, the legendary educator Tristan Taormino released The Ultimate Guide To Kink:
BDSM, Role Play and the Erotic Edge, which is supposed to be amazing. I haven't read it
myself, though.
My personal favorite beginner BDSM books are The New Topping Book and The New
Bottoming Book, by Dossie Easton and Janet W. Hardy. If you look for those books on
Amazon.com, you will also see a lot of interesting related books in the ""Customers Who
Bought This Item Also Bought"" section. I remember liking Jay Wiseman's SM101,
although I know some people who have mixed feelings about it; a number of people
recommend Screw The Roses, Send Me The Thorns by Philip Miller and Molly Devon,
but I've never read it myself.
If you're thinking of coming out to a loved one, I recommend the book When Someone
You Love Is Kinky by Dossie Easton and Catherine W. Liszt. I've also heard good things
about the ""Parents of Alternative Sexuality"" pamphlet by Dr. Amy Marsh.
If you, like me, are particularly attracted to the idea of needle piercing, there's a great
book called Play Piercing by Deborah Addington.
If you're more interested in getting a feel for common BDSM philosophies and what the
BDSM community is like -- an anthropological perspective, one might say -- then there's
a book by Mark Thompson called Leatherfolk, and a newer one by Staci Newmahr called
Playing at the Edge.
Well-known feminist BDSM theory authors from the generation ahead of me include Pat
Califia and Gayle Rubin, who are both brilliant.
Online
I usually direct total newbies to this BDSM 101 page by Franklin Veaux:
http://www.xeromag.com/fvbdsm.html
As it happens, the same writer has a good Polyamory 101, too: http://www.xeromag.com/
fvpoly.html
There are a lot of websites on BDSM, and they aren't all carefully edited or moderated; so
if you can manage it, then I suggest you try to get hold of one of the above how-to books.
That said... overall, one of the best online BDSM resources is FetLife.com, the kinky
social networking site. Once you have an account, you can join a huge variety of
discussion groups about BDSM. FetLife is not a dating site; it's more like a kinky
Facebook (seriously). I think that there are important problems with how FetLife is
structured. For example, there's no way to search for past topics, which is ridiculous; this
means that the research process for finding discussions is incredibly weird. The BDSM
activist maymay has written intelligently about many issues with FetLife:
http://maybemaimed.com/2011/03/20/fetlife-considered-harmful/
But the fact remains that FetLife is a huge gathering place.
Another good online resource is the amazing sex education site Scarleteen.com.
Scarleteen offers a ton of advice on a ton of sexual topics, and has its own message
boards.
The site KinkAcademy.com has received some good reviews, and features video tutorials
by some people who are pretty well-known in the community. You have to buy a
membership, though.
The BDSM writer Ranai from Germany has labored long and hard to make an amazingly
comprehensive, international, multilingual directory of kink resources. I haven't gone
through it extensively, but every time Ranai comments on my blog she's brilliant, so I'm
sure her directory is brilliant too. Here's the directory: http://ranai.wordpress.com/kinkresources/
There are so many BDSM blogs that I could never count them all. I want to direct special
attention to Kink Research Overviews, an abandoned but still excellent blog that profiles
the sparse and scattershot research on BDSM: http://kinkresearch.blogspot.com/2009/10/
welcome-to-kink-research.html
In 2012, Bitch Magazine ran a series called ""Thinking Kink"" by Catherine Scott, which
examines S&M and culture from a feminist perspective:
http://www.allthatchas.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/all-of-my-thinking-kink-posts-forbitch.html
In Person
If you've decided that you want to start attending workshops, discussion groups, parties,
or other BDSM events in person, please keep in mind that not everyone is going to mesh
well with their local BDSM groups. If you don't like your local BDSM group, then don't
force yourself to participate! That said, I generally encourage people to get into their
local community, because it truly can be an amazing resource -- it's way more than just a
place to meet partners.
If you make an account on FetLife, you may be able to join groups for your area (for
example, if you live in Chicago, then you should look for Chicago groups), where local
issues or events will be discussed and publicized.
For those aged 18-35, many major cities have branches of The Next Generation, a.k.a. the
local ""kinky youth group.""
Otherwise, just Google around. It's much easier these days than it was for our parents.
* * *
This resource list can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/bdsm-resources/
* * *
* * *
* * *
Table of Contents
* * *
Here's a link to go back to The Very Beginning.
And here's a link to the Glossary.
Throughout this book, footnotes will look like links in the text. Click the link to go to the
footnote. At the end of each footnote I've included a backlink to the context you came
from.
I write both personal narratives and cultural analysis. Almost all my writing mixes the
two, but most of my pieces incline more towards one than the other. Accordingly, I've
tagged all the articles in this book as either [storytime] or [theory].
* * *
SECTION 1:
The Basics
In which we explore the foundations of S&M, feminism, and sex-positive feminism.
* * *
S&M [storytime]: Love Bites: An S&M Coming-Out Story
* * *
Education [theory]: Liberal, Sex-Positive Sex Education: What's Missing
* * *
Communication [theory]: Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: The
Annotated Safeword
* * *
Communication [theory]: Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Checklists
* * *
Communication [theory]: Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Journal-
Keeping
* * *
Communication [storytime]: Sex Communication Case Studies
* * *
Feminism [theory]: Towards My Personal Sex-Positive Feminist 101
* * *
S&M [theory]: S&M Superpowers
* * *
S&M [theory]: BDSM Can Be ""Love Sex"" Too
* * *
S&M [theory]: Body Chemistry and S&M
* * *
S&M [theory]: Going Under
* * *
Orgasmic ""Dysfunction"" [storytime]: A Unified Theory of Orgasm
* * *
Boundaries [storytime]: I'm Not Your Sex-Crazy Nympho Dreamgirl
* * *
Boundaries [storytime]: Orgasms Aren't My Favorite Part of Sex, and My Chastity Urge
* * *
Boundaries [theory]: Anger, Fear and Pain
* * *
Evolution [theory]: Sexual Openness: Two Ways To Encourage It
* * *
Relationships [storytime]: Fear, Loathing and S&M Sluthood in San Francisco
* * *
S&M [theory]: BDSM As A Sexual Orientation, and Complications of the Orientation
Model
* * *
S&M [theory]: BDSM ""versus"" Sex
* * *
S&M [theory]: BDSM Roles, ""Topping From The Bottom,"" and ""Service Top""
* * *
Feminism [theory]: ""Inherent Female Submission"": The Wrong Question
* * *
Manliness [theory]: Fifty Shades of Grey, Fight Club, and the Complications of Male
Dominance
* * *
Abuse [theory]: The Alt Sex Anti-Abuse Dream Team
* * *
Section 1 Study Guide
* * *
SECTION 2:
Activism and Allies
In which we explore activism and other topics tangentially related to S&M feminism --
from sex work, to community organizing, to the nature of masculinity.
* * *
Activism [theory]: Grassroots Organizing For Feminism, S&M, HIV, and Everything
Else
* * *
Activism [storytime]: Interview with Richard Berkowitz, Star of Sex Positive and Icon of
Safer Sex Activism
* * *
Abuse [theory]: Social Responsibility Within Activism
* * *
Boundaries [storytime]: Taking Care Of Each Other
* * *
Manliness [theory]: Questions I Want To Ask Entitled Cis Het Men
* * *
Education [theory]: Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 1: Abstinence
* * *
Education [theory]: Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 2: Be Faithful
* * *
Education [theory]: Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 3: Condoms
* * *
Activism [theory]: Colonized Libidos
* * *
Vegan [theory]: Confections of a Pickup Artist Chaser
* * *
Polyamory [theory]: In Praise of Monogamy
* * *
Polyamory [theory]: My Top Questions About Dealing With Multiple Lovers
* * *
Sex Work [storytime]: One Blurred Edge of Sex Work: Portrait of a Sugar Baby
* * *
Sex Work [theory]: A Sugar Baby Leaves The Business
* * *
Section 2 Study Guide
* * *
SECTION 3:
Making It Complicated
In which we really get into it.
* * *
Relationships [storytime]: Chemistry
* * *
S&M [theory]: Start From A Position of Strength
* * *
S&M [storytime]: Predicament Bondage
* * *
Relationships [theory]: Relationship Tools: Monogamy, Polyamory, Competition, and
Jealousy
* * *
Evolution [storytime]: You Don't Always Know What You're Thinking
* * *
Abuse [theory]: Thinking More Clearly About BDSM versus Abuse
* * *
Communication [theory]: What Happens After An S&M Encounter ""Gone Wrong""
* * *
S&M [theory]: Aftercare or Brainwashing?
* * *
Communication [theory]: Feminist S&M Lessons From the Seduction Community
* * *
S&M [storytime]: The Strange Binary of Dominance and Submission
* * *
Feminism [storytime]: My Mom's Rape Story, and A Confused Relationship with
Feminism
* * *
Section 3 Study Guide
* * *
About The Author
* * *
Clarisse's Lectures, Workshops and Events
* * *
Footnotes
* * *
Glossary
* * *
* * *
* * *
SECTION 1:
The Basics
In which we explore the foundations of S&M, feminism, and sex-positive feminism.
* * *
When I think of this section, I think of:
If you're afraid of pain, you have to find out what pain is.
~ Marina Abramovic
I'd like to thank all the brave pioneers of the BDSM community, for exploring the reaches
of human sexuality, and coming back with maps.
~ an unsourced quotation offered by one of my blog commenters
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[storytime] Love Bites: An S&M Coming-Out Story
The events of this story took place between 2005-2008; I wrote it in fits and starts over
the span of 2006-2008. I started blogging as Clarisse Thorn in 2008, but my coming-out
story wasn't published until early 2010, when Time Out Chicago picked it up. I look over
this piece today, in 2012, and I think about what I would have written differently if I'd
had the hyper-focused feminist sex educator instincts that I have now. I would have
written differently about consent, and I would have written differently about the
communication that happened with my partners about my consent. I would have talked
about how the S&M subculture isn't always welcoming for everybody, though it feels
welcoming for me. Plus, I'm no longer practicing monogamy; I'm polyamorous these
days.
But at the time, my goal was to do two things: (1) write out how S&M stigma felt for me,
as a young feminist, and to talk about how I was overcoming it. And (2) show that
sometimes a partner just isn't good for you, even if he has a quality that you really really
want -- and you can always walk away.
* * *
Love Bites: An S&M Coming-Out Story
I was very drunk. My perceptions had a frame-by-frame quality, and the evening didn't
seem immediate: pieces of it were foreign, disconnected as a dream. I was being bitten
very hard on the arm. It would leave marks the next day.
I was so muddled by assorted things that even now I can't sort out how I felt at that
moment. When Richard's nails scored my skin I gasped, but I didn't ask him to stop. I
flinched away, but he kept a firm grip on me. ""Beg for mercy,"" he said softly.
Frame. Skip. I discovered that a mutual friend of ours had seen us, stopped, and was
sitting on the grass across from Richard. ""Hey,"" he said. ""You shouldn't do that.""
""It's okay,"" Richard said, ""she likes it,"" and pulled my hair hard enough to force me to
bow my head. I do? I managed to think, before thought vanished back into the blur of
alcohol and pain. Our friend's face loomed over me, concern sketched vividly on his
features.
I closed my eyes.
""Mercy,"" I whispered.
* * *
Later, Richard reminded me of something I said that night: ""I wish I'd met you years
ago."" Thinking hard, I could only recall the evening in broad strokes. We'd gotten drunk
at an outdoor party; he'd hurt me a bit; I'd said that; and then I'd staggered off to help
clean up.
""A lot of crap comes out when you do this stuff,"" he now said. A few weeks had passed. I
was lying on my stomach across the foot of his bed. Sitting perpendicular to me, he
leaned back and propped his feet on the small of my back. Thin and pale, he tended to
wear black, and had intense dark eyes. It was summer in 2005. I was twenty years old.
He'd asked me why I wanted to be hurt. I couldn't work out an answer -- wasn't certain
the question was valid -- so I asked him why he liked to hurt people. He'd half-laughed,
with a tone that I couldn't evaluate. Ruefully? ""That's a long, dark road,"" he'd said.
""How do you know?"" I asked, irritated by his presumption, nervously curious. I wasn't
sure I was what he thought I was -- wasn't sure what had been going on that night,
beyond alcohol dulling my reactions and feelings. But I knew I hadn't been abused or
violated. I hadn't asked him to stop, and I wanted to figure out why. ""How did you know
about me?""
""I can tell,"" he said, and grinned. ""With you, it was obvious."" He paused, added quietly,
""You were begging for it.""
A couple of hours later, we remained fully clothed, my face was buried in his pillow, and
I was crying. He'd pinned me down so I couldn't move, and was raking his nails across
what was exposed of my tank-topped back. When Richard first spotted the tears, he'd
asked if I wanted a break. I'd said that it was okay, that he should continue, that I was
fine.
I felt myself fragmenting, desperation and terror and pain pouring through me in an
unbearable, necessary torrent. I told myself over and over that it didn't hurt that much, but
I couldn't stop myself from tensing, crying out. After a while, I found myself saying,
""No.""
I felt him check himself, shifting his weight from my back. ""Can we clarify something?""
he asked gently. ""Do you really want me to stop when you say no?""
No, I realized, I don't, and something vital in my psyche seemed to snap. The tears
overwhelmed me. I couldn't get an answer out through my sobs, but even if I could have,
I haven't the faintest idea what I might have said.
""We should take a break,"" he decided, and moved away. I'll never forget the relief -- and
desolation -- I felt as he did.
* * *
It was a long time later that I remembered: I had met someone like Richard, years before.
It had been in spring 2003; the guy was thin and pale, dressing mainly in black. I hadn't
once thought of him in a romantic light.
I'd counted him a friend, but had only been alone with him once. We were in his living
room, seated next to each other on dun-colored carpet. I couldn't recall how it started --
we'd been sitting playing video games? had he tickled me as I shouted invective at the
screen? -- but it ended with him holding my wrists, me lying back on the floor and
wondering how to get him off me.
I'd thought he might kiss me, so I turned my head away. Instead, he bit my neck. ""No,"" I
said aloud, more in startlement than anything else, and he gave me a searching look -- as
if he wasn't sure I was serious. ""Please let me up,"" I said, and he asked, ""Why?""
I didn't feel panicked, but strangely at a loss: he didn't seem to take my objection
seriously. Yet he wasn't particularly threatening me, and I wasn't afraid. I explained that I
was in a committed, monogamous relationship I didn't want to disrupt; I carefully didn't
react when he bit me again, although it hurt.
I didn't say I wasn't getting anything out of my powerlessness or his apparent desire to
hurt me, that it left me cold. Maybe I wasn't sure it would register: he hadn't appeared to
believe me when I first told him to let me up. And maybe something in me agreed that
such a response was incorrect.
Eventually, I got away. Stupidly, confused, I mentioned the incident to my boyfriend. Of
course he was furious; I had to calm him. For my part, it hadn't occurred to me to be mad.
That didn't feel as bizarre as it sounds -- on some level, I felt that the whole incident was
reasonable, even if it hadn't turned out to be what I wanted.
Not then. Not with him.
* * *
After I cried my heart out in his bed, Richard was very kind. He brought me a glass of
water and listened as I said a lot of bewildered things. When I finally ran down, it was
late; he invited me to sleep over, but didn't put the moves on me. The next morning, he
told me he had work to do. Straightforwardly, I asked when I could see him again. He
smiled, said to email him, that we'd work something out.
The next few days -- weeks -- time, I don't know; however long it was, it felt like being
put through a shredder. I couldn't think about anything but that night and how, through
my turmoil and tears, I'd found a kind of exultation. I had been sober, prepared and clearheaded.
I couldn't find a way around the brutal, uncompromising revelation that
apparently, I wanted nothing more than to be subordinated, used, hurt. I actually wanted
to be a victim.
I wanted to talk to someone, but wasn't sure how to frame my words. I was positive it
would help to talk to Richard, but he was busy, and busy, and busy. I had a number of
friends who I suspected were into hardcore BDSM; I could have called any of them. But
it was one thing to be fine with other people doing it, and quite another to discover such a
desire in myself. In another situation, I would have thoroughly deconstructed my obvious
double standard -- but just then, it was a minor irrationality on top of one big chunk of
insanity.
I considered asking my loving, liberal parents for advice and tried to imagine how it
would go.
Mom. Dad. I love you, and I'm so sorry. I know you've tried to give me an independent,
rational, feminist outlook, as well as self-esteem and integrity. Sadly, none of this
appears to have taken; I guess I'm a broken mockery of everything you tried to instill. I
don't want you to worry, or blame yourselves, but have you any advice on where to go
from here?
No.
* * *
My mental images of that summer are hazy with remembered anger. As Richard
remained occupied, I felt fury building within my fascination. I'm sure I felt like the
classical woman spurned: he was nice enough when he ran into me and told me he was
there to talk if I needed it, but the evidence contradicted his words. For weeks after that
night, if I tried to see him he didn't have time.
It didn't help that he reacted very badly when I went after him aggressively -- too
aggressively, I knew, but couldn't help it -- and told him honestly how vulnerable I was.
He backed off fast, leaving me more confused than ever. (Though not too confused to
think: How stereotypical.)
It went beyond being a woman spurned, though. Especially since I believed,
intellectually, that he didn't owe it to me not to be busy. He wasn't required to sort me
out. And -- since it seemed to be what I was after -- he wasn't obligated to continue
hurting me. We'd just met, after all.
It was more that I was enraged by how desperately I wanted to be hurt -- and infuriated
that someone, anyone, could have such power over me. I had always thrown myself into
infatuations; like most people, I'd been known to get angry at the object of my affections.
But this was different. Not only was I infatuated, I was aching for something I couldn't
reconcile. Even if Richard had been the perfect counselor I had no right to expect, I might
have hated him. As it was, I felt toyed with, and found as many other reasons to dislike
him as I could. As long as I could focus on wrath, I didn't have to think about my other
feelings.
It kept me from falling apart.
He was away for most of the summer. I went to a few trusted friends for reassurance and
validation; giving few details, I allowed my anger to calcify. But Richard ended up
surprising me. On a visit to Chicago, he called me every night for a week. The bruises he
left took weeks to fade, some of them bleeding and leaving scars. I raged as I covered the
worst of them -- but felt also a low-burning fulfillment. One close friend, Andrew, caught
sight of a bruise on my leg and cast me a worried look. ""That looks pretty bad,"" he
observed, and I could only say, ""Yes.""
By then, I'd well and truly internalized the belief that Richard didn't want to deal with
emotional vulnerability, and my furious resentment remained. This feeling was not
helped by society in general; men hate emotions, right? Still, the more time I spent with
him, the more I had to admit that he made an effort to be sensitive. Most of our failures to
understand each other came from how different our relationship paradigms were, not to
mention my unevenly-repressed identity crisis. I know I tried to warn Richard that I
wasn't doing well at expressing myself and that what I thought, or felt, or believed I was
might change on short notice; but I doubt I got even that concept across.
He identified fairly publicly as a BDSMer, and made it clear that he considered me
superficial and cowardly because I was unsure about doing so myself. He was also
polyamorous, a lifestyle that I had some experience with -- but though I respected others'
choices to engage in it, I'd decided against polyamory for myself. It felt strange to draw
the parallel, but it was somewhat like dealing with a difficult boyfriend. Still, I didn't
trust him, and our relationship didn't particularly involve sex.
Just pain.
Towards the end of one night, wan light filtering through my curtains, Richard inquired
unexpectedly, ""Are you happy with the way we are now?""
""What do you mean?"" I temporized, sighing inwardly. Now I'd have to come up with a
rational, coherent answer that would satisfy him. In those days, rationality and coherence
felt like improbable dreams.
Richard explained that he hadn't particularly been satisfied with how he'd dealt with me
before he left, but hadn't had time for anything better. Now, he thought the situation was
""healthier."" ""What do you want from this?"" he asked seriously.
I want the strength to walk away from you, I thought unclearly. I want you to actually
care about me. I never want to see you again. I hugged my arms to myself, resting my
hands gingerly on swelling skin. ""Um,"" I said slowly, ""nothing in particular?"" I took a
breath and gathered the one overriding fact: I want you to keep hurting me. ""I don't expect
anything from you,"" I told him, ""and I don't want you to expect anything from me.""
I knew from his smile that my answer was the right one. I could only hope it was
accurate.
* * *
The summer passed, Richard away again for the end of it, then returning in September for
the beginning of the school year. I, however, was leaving the city soon, and would be
gone for some time. Those days were my last chances to see him for a while, and I was
acutely aware of his nearness: I felt oriented towards him, as if I were a compass and he
was North.
But I still felt the rage, lurking under the surface of my mind like a submerged monster.
And though I ached with disturbingly intense thoughts of violence, it seemed that I was
staying away from Richard, closing him out when I ran into him. He finally confronted
me and asked, blunt as ever, if I was avoiding him. I denied it reflexively. How could I
avoid North?
""I'm still figuring out how I feel about you,"" I told him as we walked late one night on the
waterfront. I'd started to come to terms with being a masochist, had begun to assimilate
that into my self-image, but that didn't explain why it had taken him to force the
knowledge on me. The man I'd known in 2003, for instance, made no impression --
though he'd obviously seen exactly what Richard saw, and had taken almost exactly the
same approach. And I'd known heavily, formally BDSM-identifying folks for years. I'd
even experimented with light bondage in previous relationships -- being gently tied up,
for instance -- though I hadn't found it especially compelling.
Was it that I'd been drunk the first time I encountered Richard, my careful rational mind
turned off? Was it that nothing less drastic than the bruises he'd left could have forced my
understanding? Was it simply that I'd been romantically unhappy at the time, whereas I'd
been content when that other man pinned me to the floor? Even in the midst of my nowconstant
confusion, I couldn't stop myself from analyzing it all to bits. Now I concluded
that I ought to know how I felt about Richard if I wanted to get to the roots of myself.
It had taken me a while to call my openly-BDSM friends for advice, but -- maybe around
the same time I really started acclimating -- I had. One of their offhand comments came
to mind. ""I guess there's no reason you would know this,"" she'd said, ""but it's fairly
common for people to have one person who's their lover, and a separate person for
inflicting pain.""
I thought about that, and about Richard saying, ""A lot of crap comes out when you do this
stuff."" I considered the maxims that tell us that the opposite of love isn't actually hate,
and how much time I'd spent encouraging myself to hate him. Finally, I admitted that the
only term I had to cover this depth of emotion was ""love""... but that couldn't make it feel
like the right word. Then again, it wasn't exactly ""hate"", either.
He was a demon, an idol. He hardly felt like a person to me.
I didn't vocalize any of this. Coming back from the waterfront, we arrived at the
intersection where Richard would go to his apartment and I'd return to mine. An awkward
pause ensued: I was leaving in a few days, and wouldn't be alone with him again.
Watching him, I wondered if he was thinking about asking me over, or was looking for
an excuse not to. I looked away.
""Goodnight,"" I said. Walking home, I wished I felt strong.
* * *
It was after I left Chicago that I really started piecing myself back together. My anger
drained away quickly, as if an infected wound had been lanced. Perhaps I found my
strength under the scab. I figured that maybe all this did identify something about my
personality, but it didn't tell the whole story. Even now, I could be independent, rational,
and feminist, with self-esteem and integrity. Right? Right.
It was impossible to deny that the desires were real -- and when I allowed myself to focus
on them, I didn't try. Ruminating on my past, I recalled heart-twisting details that put
everything in a certain compelling context. It wasn't just the man who'd gone after me in
2003. Wincing, I remembered childhood fantasies: I'd compulsively written and drawn
brutal dreams until, at some confused middle-school point, their horror came home to me
and I recoiled. In those long-repressed fictions of slavery and pain, I recognized my
newly-acknowledged desires.
One conversation I'd had with an early boyfriend rang in my head. ""There's a dark current
inside me,"" I'd told him. Self-consciously, I'd averted my eyes at my own melodrama. ""I
don't know how to be with you, when I feel it."" I hadn't exactly been trying to leave him,
but I'd needed something more.
The last dream I remember of Richard didn't involve any pain at all: he just kissed me.
Awakening, I felt a melancholy pang. Richard invested a lot of self-conception in being a
sadist, and he was so distant -- I couldn't imagine relating to him as a lover. And I knew
our relationship (such as it was) would never have started without BDSM as a focus.
Previous to that night at the outdoor party, he'd hardly registered on my romantic radar,
and we had little in common in terms of how we dealt with relationships.
Still, for a moment I wished -- unreasonably, I knew -- that I could have fallen
straightforwardly in love.
* * *
I was gone for six months, and I returned in heartbreak. A relationship more important
than words can encompass had become -- after years of attempts -- impossible. I think it
was obvious. One friend told me vulnerability was all over me; like a scent, I thought,
and wondered if Richard could smell it. In worse shape than ever, I saw Richard and
laughed with an edge to my voice. I gave him doe-eyed looks, but deflected his interest
with doublespeak and icy tones. I wanted him, and I felt the rage returning. I hated and
sheltered behind the unclear verbal games we played. Furious and despairing, I refused to
chase him, yet I felt him everywhere. North.
I had to do something. My identity had somewhat solidified: I was into BDSM. I believed
it, I even accepted it, but I couldn't go on feeling like I did.
In looking around the Internet, I came upon a directory of Kink Aware Professionals,
including therapists who provided their names for people who needed to talk about
BDSM but feared judgment. I visited two. One listened to me silently, with a vaguely
sorrowful expression; he offered no feedback, and left me wondering why he'd listed his
name in the directory. He obviously didn't know what to do with me, and I got the uneasy
feeling that I worried him. Naturally, that didn't help at all.
Luckily, the other was everything I could have asked for -- open, patient, clearly
knowledgeable about BDSM. He looked straight at me and nodded understandingly when
I confessed the whole trail of events; he explained how common my experience was; he
gave me ideas about where to look for more information, but didn't try to put his own
preferences into our talks. ""Most people in your situation feel that they've broken a major
taboo,"" he said. ""A lot try to get away from BDSM. But I'm not hearing that from you.
You want to adjust, not escape."" I nodded, and arranged to see him regularly.
Still, I don't think I could have put myself together again without two other things.
My close friend Andrew went after me at a drunken party. Shades of Richard, I might
have thought, but I never did. Andrew pinned me to the floor, laughed as I fought back,
hurt me, finally kissed me. When I asked in bewilderment what brought this on, he
confessed. ""When you were gone, I missed you,"" he whispered, ""and I've never missed
anyone like that before."" He was as afraid of the darkness of BDSM as I had been, yet
he'd thought of me and found himself fantasizing. He wanted to try it with me, but first he
wanted to be sure that he and I would remain close -- wouldn't lose what we already had.
In everything Andrew told me -- everything we said to each other, laughing, almost in
tears, burying each other in embraces, happily drunk and clear-eyed in the morning -- I
found the things that were missing with Richard. Uncertain about BDSM, guarding his
and my boundaries, Andrew wanted to commit to me and to a devoted monogamous
relationship. Part of me counseled caution and withdrawal, but as my therapist laughingly
put it, Andrew was as tempting as an ice-cream factory. It was my chance to fall
straightforwardly in love.
Soon after that, I had to explain to my parents why I wanted a psychiatrist who was outof-network
for my health insurance. I closed my eyes as my father asked why I needed
this specialist, what his focus was. ""S&M,"" I said shortly.
Why had I worried? I knew my parents had striven to give me an independent, rational,
feminist outlook. Self-esteem and integrity. I was so lucky, I understood as my father said
nothing but, ""All right."" It was a blinding realization: my father might have judged me
with all the worst things I thought of myself -- but instead, he trusted me to do my best.
When I called my mother (long separated from my dad), too many of my flatmates were
around for a private conversation indoors. I banished myself into a warm summer storm,
cradling my cell phone away from the rain. There was a pause after I said the fateful
words -- then she said, ""Have you talked to your father about this?""
""Yes,"" I said hesitantly. ""Why?""
""Well, I think it was an issue in our marriage that I was more into that stuff than he was.""
Fat droplets soaked my hair. The tight knot in my chest -- familiar for nearly a year --
loosened as I caught my breath. I turned my face up to the sky and let the tilted world
resettle around me; my mother's faraway voice helped me through a hundred things that
had torn my heart. ""You aren't giving up your liberation,"" she reminded me, and
emphasized my continuing right to a partner who respects me. She even noted mildly that
she'd ""wondered"" about me when I was a child.
I'd feared that I was damaged, that there was something deeply broken in me. I'd wildly
guessed that I'd suffered trauma and repressed the memories. But if my mother -- one of
the most independent, feminist women I've ever met -- could reconcile BDSM, then I
knew I could. And if she was into BDSM herself, then rather than viewing my
proclivities as damage, I could see them as something intrinsic we shared.
Over the next hour, my mother told me I could retain rationality, self-esteem and
integrity. For the first time, I found myself believing it.
My therapist laughed when I told him. ""I swear,"" he cried, ""it's genetic!""
* * *
There was one loose end to a conclusion that felt like a fairy tale. Though we had some
unfettered conversations, tension remained between me and Richard -- perhaps it even
worsened. At one point, observing us, Andrew said mildly: ""Settle down, you two.""
Worse, Andrew and I were going in different directions. I finally felt somewhat at peace
with BDSM, but he couldn't gain that comfort, and started backing away from it. It was
impossible not to think of Richard and shiver, remembering how uncompromisingly
vicious he could be. When Andrew and I broke up over a year later, I knew: I shouldn't
see Richard. My therapist warned me to be careful with BDSM when my heart was in
pieces.
Of course I wasn't.
It was the first time I'd explicitly pursued Richard since he'd told me, so long ago, that he
was busy. I emailed him straightforwardly, sat down on his bed shortly after Andrew and
I broke up. When Richard set his fingernails into my skin, he murmured, ""It's been a
while,"" as if he'd always known he'd see me here again. The tears came more quickly
than they once had -- I'd fought them then, unwilling to break down in front of him. I'd
been successful, too. Richard had only made me cry once, before.
This is what I want, I reminded myself as Richard wound his hand in my hair and pulled
my head back. His teeth bruising my shoulder felt familiar and wrong. A kiss on my neck
sent me rigid. Sobs nearly choked me. Why now, my heart cried, why not when you were
who I dreamed of, Richard?
I couldn't fault his empathy -- he pulled away. ""No,"" I said unwillingly, ""I'm fine,"" but he
wouldn't continue. Uneasily, he pointed out that I'd never reacted like that. I said he'd
never kissed me like that, and he asked, ""Really?"" as if it were a surprise.
Yes, I thought, forcing my tears away. I was desperate for it. I know.
To get him to keep hurting me, I had to convince him that I was fine. This is what I want,
I coached myself. I was nearly composed when Richard mentioned Andrew, and I felt
grief rip me open.
He watched me cry, got me a glass of water. Shades of two years ago, I might have
thought, but I never did. I apologized; he said only, ""I thought this might happen."" On
some level, I knew that I had, too -- for all my self-reassurances that I would be fine.
What was I thinking? I asked myself, and the answer came instantly. I had to know.
When Richard asked if I wanted to sleep over, I said I didn't. ""Then don't go yet,"" he said
softly, putting his arms around me where I lay. I rested my head on his chest. I won't tell
Andrew about this, I decided, wondering if he and I would be together again. Even if I've
learned that I don't want Richard anymore.
* * *
In retrospect, it seems surreal that I reacted so badly to my BDSM orientation. The
agonizing memories of my adjustment have lost their emotional flavor. I've learned a lot
about how to practice BDSM safely -- physically and emotionally. I've had multiple
BDSM partners, and I've had positive experiences in the welcoming BDSM subculture.
In recent times, I've even begun to switch: occasionally I'll be the dominant partner,
though I feel submissive masochism far closer to my core.
Still, I remember the unease I felt at first -- and I recognize stronger unease in others. I
certainly wouldn't describe this orientation to, say, an employer. I believe BDSM needs a
liberation movement, just like homosexuality, but I'm not (yet?) ready to be a public
spokeswoman. And I definitely wouldn't consider dragging others out of the closet. I
write about BDSM under a pseudonym, and I have changed the names of Richard and
Andrew.
I fear that others will read this narrative as describing an assault, a near-rape -- and a
woman who tried to rationalize her experience by embracing it. That's not what
happened. When Richard first pulled my head back and hurt me at that drunken outdoor
party, I could have said no. The word was echoing in my mind, waiting on my lips, and I
didn't say it because I didn't want him to stop. I was certainly intoxicated, but I wasn't
helpless. I was threatened, but I was not afraid. I may have fought self-actualization like a
caged animal, but I could not deny it. I have always been this way.
Conversely, I'm afraid that some conservative will read this and say: ""Look how the
feminist movement has failed us!"" That's not what happened, either. I identify as
feminist, and I don't believe that to be at odds with being a submissive masochist. Indeed,
I believe that the feminist movement helped my practice of BDSM: it's one of the factors
that gave me the strength and self-assurance required to figure out and discuss my sexual
needs.
Andrew and I did get back together; then we broke up again. Richard and I have had
other nights together. I wish this narrative ended cleanly. I wish I could say that I've
found a fairy-tale lover, that I'm now with a man who both hurts me till I cry and gives
me the relationship I want. (Why stop there? He could be rich and handsome and a great
cook, too!) But this is my story, not a fairy tale. Just as well; that means I still have space
to learn. I believe I've gotten better at communicating clearly. I believe I've gotten better
at sorting out the harsh emotions inspired by BDSM, working with -- and enjoying! --
those feelings in the context of a loving relationship. And I hope I no longer objectify my
sadistic partners to the extent that I objectified Richard. Still, I know I've got a ways to
go.
I see BDSM as a continuum -- similar to the theory that homosexuality is a continuum --
and sometimes I think that everyone's on the continuum to some degree. I don't think
Andrew is as far into the continuum as I am, and not as far as Richard, either. But there
are reasons I was with Andrew for nearly two years, yet never let myself fall completely
into Richard.
A certain kind of devoted relationship is important to me. I felt strongly about Richard,
and he was a good fit for BDSM, but he couldn't give me the relationship I want. I went
back to Andrew, though he was far less into BDSM, because I was able to love him. I
wonder, though: if I ever fall for a completely vanilla man, will I be able to compromise
that far? It seems unlikely. Maybe if that happens I'll have to remember my friend's
words and find a separate person, a non-lover who inflicts pain.
I'd rather not do that, but I can't imagine giving up BDSM. The idea feels equivalent to a
vow of celibacy. As my therapist said, I'm not looking to escape -- especially not now
that I've finally adjusted. It wasn't easy, but I feel that today I am triumphant. And I
believe, I hope, that knowing what I want is the surest path to falling straightforwardly --
happily -- in love.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/06/30/love-bites-an-sm-coming-out-story-mirror/
* * *
* * *
* * *
EDUCATION:
[theory] Liberal, Sex-Positive Sex Education: What's Missing
I originally wrote this in 2009, then reposted it in 2010 as part of a group drive by sexpositive
bloggers to solicit donations to Scarleteen.com. Scarleteen is an amazing sex
education site run by the equally amazing sex educator Heather Corinna, and it can
always use donations! You should totally go investigate that site -- after you're done
reading my work, of course.
When I first published this piece, the sex-positive film director Tony Comstock
commented on Twitter, ""I think that post of yours might be one of the most important
things written about sex-positivity in the last 10 years."" I was really honored by that,
because he does excellent work.
My parents occasionally read my blog, and I also got some interesting feedback from my
mother. She wrote to me: "" Speaking from where I sat when you were growing up: I wish
I could have taught you what you eventually learned on your own. But I felt there was
this unchallengeable wave moving and I didn't have a place to stand to counter it. I kept
thinking I was leaving you to learn the hard way exactly what I learned the hard way,
and was still learning, and was despairing of ever learning.""
I wrote back: ""For what it's worth, I remember you trying to stem the tide with small
comments, and I think that those comments later helped me center myself in a place
where I could reach my own conclusions rather than blindly sleeping around."" I hope it
made her feel better, because it's true. I'm not a parent, although someday I would like to
be... but I think one of the hardest things about parenting must be knowing that your kids
will learn terrible things from the surrounding world, and the best you can do is try to be
there while they process those lessons.
* * *
Liberal, Sex-Positive Sex Education: What's Missing
I am fortunate. I was born in the eighties and I received a great sex-positive upbringing.
The public school I attended taught students how to use condoms; middle school health
education included a section on sexually transmitted diseases. My parents didn't throw
their sexuality in my face -- but they were almost always matter-of-fact, understanding
and accepting when they talked about sex. (I'll never forget how, at age 12 or so, Mom
sat me down and gave me a long speech about how it would be totally okay if I were
gay.) I was raised Unitarian Universalist, and the Unitarian Sunday School teen program
included a wonderful sex education curriculum called About Your Sexuality. (I
understand that the sex-ed curriculum has been changed and updated, and is now called
Our Whole Lives. I haven't delved deeply into the Our Whole Lives program -- maybe it
addresses some of the issues I'm about to describe.)
So I think I'm in a good position to describe the problematic signals we face in liberal
sexual education. Yes, I've experienced the overall sex-negative messages that drench
America, and they're terrible -- but so much is already being said about those. I also
received lots of sex-positive messages that are incomplete, or problematic, or don't quite
go the distance in helping us navigate sexuality -- and I think the sex-positive movement
must focus on fixing them.
I'm so grateful for my relatively liberal, relatively sex-positive upbringing. I think it did
me a world of good. But here are my five biggest problems with the way I learned
about sexuality:
1. I wish that I hadn't gotten this message: ""Sex is easy, light-hearted -- and if it's not,
you're doing it wrong.""
Do I believe sex can be easy? Sure. Do I think it can be light-hearted? Absolutely! But do
I think it's always those things? No, and I don't think it ""ought to"" be.
I think we need to teach that sex can be incredibly difficult. It can be hard to
communicate with your partner. It can be hard to learn and come to terms with your own
sexual desires. It can be hard to understand or accept all your partner's sexual desires.
And just because it's hard, doesn't mean that you're with the wrong partner -- or that
you're missing some vital piece of information that everyone else has -- or that you're
doing it wrong.
And as for light-hearted, well -- sure, sex can be ""happy rainbows joy joy!"", but it can
also be serious... or dark. And there's nothing wrong with that!
I recently talked to a friend, who also identifies as a BDSMer, about our stories of
coming into BDSM. Both of us had sadomasochistic fantasies from a very early age
(mine, for instance, started in grade school -- seriously, I actually did tie up my Barbie
dolls). I told my friend about how I'd always had these intense, dark, violent feelings --
but when I made it to middle school, I remember a change. I had a series of vivid BDSMish
dreams, and I freaked out. I closed it all away, I stopped thinking about it, I repressed
it all as savagely as I could.
Before that, I had also started thinking about sex. I imagined sex at great length; I read
about sex. I had long since filched my parents' copy of The Joy of Sex and examined it,
cover to cover -- not to mention many other fine sexuality works, like Nancy Friday's
compilation of female sexual fantasies My Secret Garden. I was totally fascinated by sex.
I talked about it so much that one of my friends specifically searched out a vibrator as a
birthday present for me. I actually pressured my first major boyfriend into some sexual
acts before he was ready, which I suppose is an interesting reversal of stereotype (but to
be clear, it's not okay that I did that). As I started having sex, I found that I liked it okay,
but knew a lot was missing -- and couldn't figure out what.
It took me years and years to connect sex to BDSM -- to figure out that the biggest thing I
was missing was BDSM. Why? Because BDSM was horrible and wrong, and I'd shut it
away; BDSM (I thought) couldn't possibly have anything to do with the bright, shiny,
happy horizon of sex! Coming into BDSM was a crisis for me partly because -- although
I knew other people practiced it, and had never thought much about that -- my own need
for those dark feelings totally shocked me. This wasn't me. This wasn't healthy sex. Sex
was light-hearted, happy rainbows joy joy!... wasn't it?
In contrast, my friend -- who had an extremely sexually repressed upbringing -- never
had any trouble integrating BDSM into his sex life. Sex, for him, was already wrong and
bad... so as he got in touch with his sexuality and began having sex, BDSM was involved
from the start. After all, there was no reason for it not to be.
As glad as I am that my upbringing was not stereotypically sexually repressed, I have to
say that I envy my friend his easy personal integration of BDSM.
2. I wish this point had been made, over and over: ""You might consider being careful
with sex.""
I recently read an excellent New Yorker article that reviews the new version of The Joy of
Sex. It talks about the time when The Joy of Sex came out, as well as a similar
contemporary feminist book, Our Bodies, Ourselves, and it points out that ""both books
espoused the (distinctly seventies) notion that sex could be a value-neutral experience, as
natural as eating.""
""Value-neutral"": that's a great way to describe the overall attitude about sex that I
absorbed. As if sex were something I could do as an amusing diversion, with anyone, at
any time, and it would always be fun fun fun! As if there was no need to be overly careful
or sensitive -- sex was just a game I could play, like a sport -- where the worst that would
happen if I screwed up might be a skinned knee.
I wish that there had been an emphasis on how emotions can really matter, when it
comes to sex. I wish that there had been acknowledgment of the fact that we can really
hurt ourselves, and others, when we're cavalier about sex. (Not that we always do -- but
we can.) I wish I had understood sooner that sex is not always value-neutral; that
everyone has all manner of different sexual needs and hangups, anxieties and strong
emotions. I think maybe there are people out there who can have ""value-neutral"" sex --
where it's totally about physicality and nothing more -- but I am not like that, and I
suspect that most people are not.
Which isn't to say that I think there's anything wrong with people who can have sex that's
""value-neutral."" (And maybe ""value-neutral"" is not a great term for it; I worry that I
sound like I'm judging when I use that term.) I just don't think it's a good model for
everyone, and yet I think that it has somewhat been promoted as if everyone ""ought to""
be that way.
I think that there are lots of people out there who feel as though the sexual liberation
movement ""failed"" or ""betrayed them,"" because they convinced themselves that sex is
value-neutral and then got hurt. You see a lot of assertions along these lines in the
conservative media -- for instance, here's a quotation from a synopsis of the book
Modern Sex:
The 1960s sexual revolution made a big promise: if we just let go of our inhibitions, we'll
be happy and fulfilled. Yet sexual liberation has made us no happier and, if anything, less
fulfilled. Why?... sex today is increasingly mechanical and without commitment -- a
department of plumbing, hygiene, or athletics rather than a private sphere for the
creation of human meaning. The result: legions of unhappy adults and confused
teenagers deprived of their innocence, on their way not to maturity but to
disillusionment.... These beautifully written essays -- on subjects ranging from the TV
show Sex and the City to teen sex to the eclipse of the manly ideal to the benefits of
marriage -- add up to the deepest, most informative appraisal we have of how and why
the sexual revolution has failed.
I disagree with most of their attitude. We don't need innocence. We don't need sexual
mystery. We don't need to eliminate teen sex. We don't need to re-establish some
limiting, patriarchal ""manly ideal."" But they've got one thing right: we do need to start
talking about sex as something that is not mostly mechanical -- as something that, yes,
can be ""a private sphere for the creation of human meaning.""
3. I wish I'd learned this: ""Good sex doesn't just require two (or more) people who like
sex. It requires desire -- and desire simply doesn't work the same way for everyone.""
I've said before that I went through a period -- back when I was first becoming sexually
active -- where I simply could not figure out why sexual acts with people I didn't care
about didn't seem to turn me on. Or rather -- they turned me on a little, but not... much. It
took me a while to understand that sex requires more than just two eager people. It
requires attraction and desire.
When I was fifteen or so, and at summer camp, I remember making out with a boy. I
didn't really want to make out with him, but I wasn't sure how to reject him (more on this
under point 5). And I figured: he seems nice enough, so I might as well make out with
him. Afterwards, I felt angry at myself, and I felt like I'd wasted my time -- and I felt
confused. I'd been bored at best and repulsed at worst, and I wasn't sure why I felt that
way, or why I'd done something that made me feel that way.
So why had I done it? Because I'd thought: ""Sex is value-neutral."" Because I'd thought:
""Making out is fun, right? -- that means I ought to do it when I get the chance!"" Because
I'd thought: ""My preference not to make out with him is probably just some silly
repression that I need to get over."" Because I didn't understand that desire is complicated,
that you can't just make yourself feel desire when it's convenient, and that you don't need
a reason for your attractions -- or lack of attraction. This situation was to reprise itself in
various forms over the next years, until I finally learned that sometimes you simply want
or don't want things, and that you aren't required to justify your desires.
4. I wish I'd gotten a list of suggestions: ""Here are some places you might go to start
figuring out what turns you on.""
I was told that sex was fun. I was even told to explore! But I still spent years with very
little actual idea of what I wanted. No one ever told me how or where I might be able to
learn more about my needs, or what exploring my needs might look like. And no one ever
explained that people are turned on by different things, that some people like some sex
acts and don't like others, and that's okay.
I went into sex with a buffet-style attitude, thinking that I must naturally enjoy sex
equally in all ways. I was so surprised when I found out that I like some positions better
than others! I remember how confused I was when I dated a guy who didn't like fellatio,
and how hurt I felt -- like his lack of enjoyment meant that I must be doing it wrong,
because everyone likes oral sex, right?
And of course, while I had a pretty comprehensive idea of the vanilla sex acts I could
experiment with, I had very little idea of what else was out there. In retrospect I find this
hilarious, but I remember -- back in my vanilla days -- I had two boyfriends who tied me
up. They tied me up and were nice to me, and I suppose it was amusing enough, but
didn't drive me crazy with lust or anything. And -- this is the kicker -- because I did not
understand that there's a lot more to BDSM than light bondage, because I did not
understand that there are many separate BDSM acts that people can enjoy and
many ways to flavor them, I assumed from this experience that I didn't like BDSM.
I went through my old journal entries the other day and uncovered one in which I,
confused, am speculating about what's missing from my sex life: I write, ""I've tried S&M,
so it can't be that.""
What a learning curve I had ahead of me, eh?
I wish someone had tried to explain to me the vast cornucopia of human fetishes out
there. I wish someone had explained that erotica and pornography are both actually really
good ways to learn about your turn-ons, and -- more importantly -- had told me that not
all erotica and pornography are the same, so the fact that I wasn't into mainstream
stuff didn't mean I automatically wasn't interested in all erotica or porn. I've mentioned
that I had lots of conversations with friends about sex, but -- until recent years -- those
conversations were never framed as ""This is what I like,"" or ""I've found something new
that turns me on,"" and I wish I'd realized sooner what a great resource conversations like
that might be.
5. I wish I'd gotten a list of ideas: ""Here are some ways you can try communicating
with your partner about sex.""
Lastly, but certainly not least -- I was never taught how to communicate about sex. No
one ever gave me even the first idea. In all my sex-positive, liberal sexual upbringing, I
was told over and over that ""relationships require communication"", but no one ever said:
""And here's some ways in which you might communicate sexually with your partner.""
One big benefit of teaching sexual communication strategies is that it helps people learn
to say ""no"" when they don't want to do something. Teaching people how to set
boundaries is massively important, and I think a lot about ways to do it. I saw this
adorable video about cuddle parties recently that really struck me -- these people create
parties where everyone basically just cuddles, but everyone also specifically has the
power to say ""no"" to any given person or act. The reporter who made the video talks at
the end about how she found the whole experience to be empowering -- how she felt like
it gave her space to say ""no"" that she hadn't had before. Perhaps these could be used to
teach people to set boundaries?
But you can't really use cuddle parties in a school or workshop setting, more's the pity.
When I developed my first sex education workshop, it was all about describing good
communication strategies. I listed questions that all sex partners could benefit from
asking each other, including ""What do you like?"" and ""What do you fantasize about?""
and ""Is there anything you really don't want me to do?""
And I talked about ways that you can make communication easier, if the two partners are
uncomfortable having this conversation. I took a page from the BDSM community by
creating checklists of all kinds of sexual acts and weird fetishes and gender-bending
craziness, and I put it all on a 1-5 scale (with 1 being ""not at all interested"" and 5 being
""I'd love to try this""), and I told people that they could try filling out those checklists and
giving them to their partners. (The amazing sex education site Scarleteen later
implemented the same idea, in a much more comprehensive way than I had!) I suggested
that partners write out their fantasies and email them to each other, or write out
descriptions of their mutual sexual experiences -- long accounts, describing how they felt
about everything and what sticks out in their minds -- and send those to each other, too,
so they can get each others' perspectives on what they've done.
(By the way, I still offer a much-improved version of that workshop on my list of events,
lectures, and workshops, just in case you're interested in bringing me in....)
God, it's so hard to talk about what we want. It's even hard to talk about talking about
what we want. I mean, it's hard enough to figure out what we want in the first place -- but
communicating it... eeek! And it's worth noting that this is not just a problem of having
good sex. As was pointed out recently on the blog for the wonderful sex-positive
anthology Yes Means Yes!:
[There is a] need to demystify and destigmatize communication about sex. If we can't talk
about what we like and what we want, we will always have problems making clear what
it is we're consenting to. If we can't be frank about what we do want, we put a lot of
weight on the need to communicate what we don't.
Giving everyone great sexual communication skills doesn't just give us all better sex -- it
fights rape. There's a noble cause for you!
... So, that's my five-pointed analysis. And that's what I'm pushing for. My goals are not
just to get people thinking that sex is awesome and sexual freedom is important. It's
going to be hard, and it's going to be an uphill battle, but I'm hoping that I can not only
help out with sexual liberation -- I'm hoping to improve it.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/11/11/classic-repost-liberal-sex-positive-sexeducation-whats-missing/
* * *
* * *
* * *
COMMUNICATION:
[theory] Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: The
Annotated Safeword
As soon as I started researching S&M and thinking critically about the communication
tactics promoted in the S&M community, I realized that there were a lot of really
important lessons wrapped up in those tactics -- lessons that could be deconstructed and
applied to all kinds of sexuality. From the beginning, I planned to do a series of posts on
Sex Communication Tactics Derived from S&M, but I only got around to it in 2010.
The post about safewords caught the attention of Thomas MacAulay Millar, a feminist
blogger and S&Mer who is older and more established in the blogosphere than I.
Thomas asked if he could annotate the article, then post it on the blog where he usually
writes -- the blog for the excellent sex-positive anti-rape anthology Yes Means Yes. Of
course I agreed. The final product looks something like a conversation between me and
Thomas, although I wrote the post before he added his input.
* * *
The Annotated Safeword
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
Clarisse Thorn's post about safewords is so good I'm just going to repost the whole thing
and annotate it.
Clarisse Thorn:
Everyone knows about BDSM safewords... or at least, everyone thinks they know about
safewords. But one of the initial moments that really impressed me about my current
boyfriend was when I asked him, many moons ago, if he knew what a safeword is. He
paused, then answered, ""I think I'm familiar with the idea, but I probably don't know
much more than a stereotype, so I'd like to hear you define it."" Humility and open-minded
curiosity are so incredibly hot!
Righto. Hot boyfriend aside, I'm here to explain safewords and check-ins, and how those
concepts can exemplify excellent sexual communication for everyone -- not just S&Mers
-- in a world that doesn't do a good job teaching anyone how to communicate sexually.
When two (or more) people have a BDSM encounter together, generally they set a
safeword -- a word that anyone can say at any time to stop the action. (Sometimes people
don't use safewords. This is their choice and I totally respect it. I would not recommend
going without safewords for anyone who doesn't know their partner extremely well, and
I would be seriously sketched out by anyone who pressured a partner to go without
safewords.)
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
A word on origin: safewords are only strictly necessary in one circumstance -- where the
participants want words like ""no"" and ""stop"" not to have their ordinary meaning. One can
do BDSM for a lifetime without a safeword, if words have their ordinary meanings. As
former porn star and kinkster Ona Zee once put it (I'm quoting an interview from memory
here), ""our safeword is 'that hurts.'"" Folks can even do heavy play depending on how they
react to things, without a safeword, simply saying ""stop"" or ""too much"" or ""fuck, I can't
handle any more of that!"" when the play gets too intense. Any BDSMer who would tell
you URDOINITRONG if you use ordinary words to communicate in scene is not
someone you need to listen to.
Safewords are essential for roleplay where ""no, please don't, I'll do anything!"" should not
stop the action. It's also essential for any bottom who will involuntarily shout ""No! Stop!""
while actually wanting more. Other than that, it's an optional tool -- a very, very useful
one, for many reasons. Clarisse mentioned that some people ""don't use safewords."" From
the context, she's talking not about people for whom no means no in scene, but people for
whom there is no definitive way for the bottom to stop the scene. And perhaps readers
can tell from Clarisse's tone that that's... the advanced class. You'll find the safety police
in any BDSM space or community that finger-wag about it, and the swaggering morekinky-than-thous
that brag about it. But what does it mean?
I can only tell you what it means for me. There are times I give up my safeword: only to
my spouse. We've been playing together for about a decade and a half. If I give up my
safeword, and that's something we do rarely, it doesn't mean I don't have limits. I have
limits! Yes I do! There are things I can't handle, mentally or physically, and things I
never want to handle! There are ""hard limits,"" things I've said I'm just not willing to do.
And there are soft limits, things I don't think I'm ready for but I'm willing to bump up
against them and see what happens. If I give up my safeword, it means I have limits, but
instead of telling her when I've reached them, I'm going to trust her to listen to me and
watch me and make that decision. I may say, ""I can't, I can't, I can't,"" and she may decide
I really can't. Or she may decide I've got more in me than I believe I do. There's a lot of
risk associated with that. But there's a trust in those moments and a closeness that does
not go away when the scene is over. Or ever, really. Risk and reward: we set our own
tolerances.
Some folks may have come across the term ""consensual nonconsent."" It's one of those
terms with multiple meanings. Some people use it to describe any situation where the
bottom is saying ""no, don't"" but has not yet safeworded -- a usage I find less than useful.
Others use it to describe roleplays of nonconsensual situations. The last common usage,
though, is that which I like to describe using Hunter S. Thompson's phrase, ""buy the
ticket, take the ride."" It means that the bottom consents to be in a situation I've just
described, where the top decides if the bottom needs to stop, often but not always around
specific activities, and usually (wisely) heavily negotiated.
Clarisse Thorn:
When I give advice about setting safewords, I usually offer the following:
A) Some people like to say that it's good to use a safeword that's jolting, and is likely to
make your partner feel totally unsexy. Isn't there a Family Guy episode in which Lois &
Peter's safeword is ""banana"" or something?
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
Not a fan. The more obscure a safeword, the harder it is for a bottom who is spacey or
flying on endorphins to access it. It's easy to remember ""banana"" in the calm before the
storm. At the moment when it's most needed, that can easily become a muddle of
""yellow? was it a fruit? Shit, what do I do?"" That's not a place bottoms want to find
themselves and a top never, never, never wants to have a bottom who is at a limit but
can't communicate about it.
Clarisse Thorn:
B) In my experience, the generally accepted safewords in the S&M community are
""safeword"" and, more commonly, ""red."" I consider it useful to go with the ""public
standard"" because that means that in the future, you're likely to be attuned to the correct
word if you practice BDSM with other partners as well. (It also means that if you ever do
S&M in a public space such as a dungeon, everyone in the place will recognize your
safeword if you scream it.)
C) At first wasn't that excited about this, but I've grown to love the fact that the safeword
""red"" also sometimes encompasses ""green"" -- and ""yellow."" That means that if I'm in the
middle of an S&M encounter, I can say ""red"" and my partner will stop; I can then catch
my breath and say ""green,"" which means ""by God keep going!"" Or, if I'm a little
uncertain about the territory but don't actually want my partner to stop -- if I just want my
partner to be a little bit cautious -- then I can say ""yellow"" (and, of course, I can move to
""green"" if I become really psyched, or shift to ""red"" if I really want my partner to stop).
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
My spouse and I use the ""stoplight system."" It's simple, it works, and ""yellow"" option is
really useful for things that are getting hard to handle. Also, a lot of bottoms are either
submissives or masochists with more pride and stubbornness than is good for them -- the
former out of an overdeveloped desire to please, the latter sometimes out of a desire to
impress or even just a pitbull-stubborn urge to push themselves as hard as they can go.
Take the personalities that finish an Ironman and collapse and need IV fluids, and put
them on a spanking bench with big welts from a prison strap, and you've got someone
who won't safeword when ze probably should. In those and other circumstances, giving
the bottom an easy option to say, ""I'm struggling here"" without feeling like they're
quitting is a very useful thing.
[Editor's Note: ""ze"" is the gender-neutral pronoun, and it's in the Glossary. Clarisse
tried to use it regularly for a while, but ultimately concluded that it made her posts less
accessible to non-gender nerds.]
Clarisse Thorn:
I know that this probably doesn't sound sexy at all, but it totally can be! Consider the
following example: during my last vacation to America, I had an S&M encounter with a
dude I'll refer to as Klark. (It's not my fault. He requested the pseudonym.) At one point,
Klark was experimenting with hurting me, and I had my eyes closed and was whimpering
/ crying out in a totally glorious way. (The poor overnight desk clerk. He was only one
short flight of stairs away from us.) I think Klark was legitimately having trouble
detecting whether I was enjoying myself, though -- understandably, because we had only
just met, and I enjoy sinking myself into dramatic masochistic misery -- so he leaned over
me and said, in a low dark voice, ""Red, yellow, green."" Immediately, I gasped back
""Green."" Because he spoke in a gritty and dominant voice, and the check-in was quick,
we were able to maintain the mood -- and it was actually kind of hot in itself.
Which brings me to the other thing: check-ins. Sometimes, you want to check in with
your partner. Which can be easy: you can just say, ""Hey, how does this feel?"" or, as a
more precise example, ""Give me a rating of 1-10 on how good this feels (or how much
this hurts)."" But if you want to do it quickly and without shifting the mood, you can do it
as I outline above in the Klark example. Or even quicker, as for example with the handsqueeze
system, where the participants agree ahead of time that you can squeeze another
person's hand twice and expect two squeezes back -- and if there aren't two return
squeezes, it's time to stop and figure out what's going wrong. (Squeeze system: also very
helpful when gags are involved.)
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
There are all kinds of safesigns when nonverbal communication is necessary; one being
to give the bottom an object to hold and to drop when at a limit. It has the disadvantage of
being binary, so it loses the middle step that the stoplight system provides.
Clarisse Thorn:
Sometimes submissives will have a hard time safewording -- whether out of pride,
inexperience, or eagerness to please -- and that's another reason check-ins can be good
even when there's a set safeword. If you aren't sure how to read your partner's reactions
and you suspect ze may be uncomfortable with what you are doing, then you might
consider checking in even if ze hasn't safeworded, because your suspicion may be right.
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
This can't be emphasized enough. Tops Can Never Be On Cruise Control! A safeword
gives the bottom a tool to communicate, but it does not ensure safety. The top has at least
as much information that the bottom doesn't have, as the bottom has information the top
doesn't have. Therefore, the top has to be a full participant in making sure the scene is
working and the risks are under control at all times. Anyone who thinks ze can ignore
safety as long as the bottom has a safeword is dangerous.
This post was edited to add: In the comments on this article, Dw3t-Hthr made a powerful
point that for some people, safewords are unavailable in scene. She said, in part:
[I]f I am in a place where a safeword might be necessary, a safeword is not possible. Not
just because I am someone who is regularly nonverbal, but because the altered
consciousness state that I achieve makes processing those sorts of questions at best
difficult and at worst unachievable...
But I'm not a bottom, I'm a submissive, and this isn't about ""wanting to please,"" it's about
a psychological incapacity to recognise when I might be doing myself damage in certan
situations. If I'm not in that state, I can say ""Oh stop doing that it's wrenching my
shoulder"" or whatever is appropriate. If I am in that state, I cannot indicate and have to
place complete trust in the judgement of my partner.
I happen to know that I'm not the only person like this. I think it's important to recognise
that safewords are not always possible. It's important, I think, to communicate to the
person who resembles me in this that while their brainwiring is not morally incorrect,
that they probably ought to think of themselves as Advanced Subjects and try to do their
thing in a context where the trust and competence required to do it safely is
demonstrated.
Also, a note on terminology: Clarisse used ""submissive"" there in a way where it's not
clear from the context whether it's meant as an umbrella term like ""bottom"" or as a
specific term. The use of ""dominant"" and ""submissive"" as the default terms seems to me
to have started in the mid 90's, and I've never liked it because of its imprecision. Not all
bottoms are subs; some people like to bottom but don't have a submissive bone in them.
Some bottoms are wisecracking smartassed masochists only in it to play the pain game
and ride the endorphins; some bottoms don't see themselves as giving up power in any
way to the top. And I top my fair share, but I certainly don't think of myself as a
dominant. I think the change in terminology arose with a small but vocal minority of
kinksters who believe that everyone who does BDSM is really looking for a deep power
exchange, ultimately even a 24/7 relationship. I still see people make this argument.
They're still wrong, and they're still few in number. Using ""submissive"" and ""dominant""
when one means to include folks who are just topping and bottoming may be
misunderstood; saying ""top"" and ""bottom"" is almost always correctly understood as the
inclusive term. (""Sadist"" and ""masochist"" are specific terms that shouldn't be pressed into
general service either; there are submissives that really, really don't like pain at all and
dominants that would prefer never to inflict it.)
What I love about safewords and check-ins:
Clarisse Thorn:
1) Hypothetically, mainstream society acknowledges that anyone could say no at any
point during sex, but in practice, this is really hard. A variety of forces -- girls socially
pressured not to be so-called ""cock-teases,"" boys socially pressured to supposedly ""prove
their manliness,"" and everyone anxious to please their partners -- work against people's
capacity to say no; and while there is a vague understanding that ""no means no,"" that
vagueness is as far as it gets. There's no explicit framework in place for how to say ""no,""
and no understanding of how to continue an encounter (or relationship) after one's partner
says no. Even worse, there's an assumed linear progression of sexual activity -- the best
example is the ""base system,"" which places sexual interaction on a metaphorical baseball
diamond where ""first base"" = groping and ""home base"" = penis-in-vagina sex. Have I
mentioned that I hate the base system?
So anyway, the biggest moral of the story with safewords and check-ins is that consent
does not only happen once. Consent is always happening, and can always be
renegotiated or withdrawn. Adapting my understanding of sexuality to reflect this --
even in my non-BDSM sex -- might have been the best thing that ever happened to my
sex life.
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
What can safewords do for non-kinky people? Permission communication. In a culture
that delegitimizes communication -- especially women's communication of limits or
needs -- this is huge. Safewords permission ""no."" That which permissions the free
exercise of ""no"" also, necessarily, creates space for the free exercise of ""yes.""
Clarisse Thorn:
2) On a related note: Good sex is not about entitlement. If we acknowledge that anyone
can safeword out of any sexual act at any time, then we acknowledge that no one is
entitled to any kind of sex from a partner -- ever. If your partner loves you but doesn't
want to have sex with you? That's a respectable choice. If you're really turned on, but
your partner can't stand the idea of having sex right now? That's a respectable choice.
Those two are easy, I think, but how about these?
+ If your partner used to do something with you a lot, but doesn't want to do it anymore?
That's a respectable choice.
+ If you are married to your partner, but ze doesn't want to have sex? That's a respectable
choice.
+ If your partner performed a sexual act with another partner but would prefer not to do it
with you? That's a respectable choice.
+ If you know your partner likes a certain kind of sex, but they don't want to do it right
now? That's a respectable choice.
+ If you think a certain act is ""mild"" and ""taken for granted,"" like kissing or tickling, but
your partner doesn't want to do it? That's a respectable choice.
By the way, if you (like I once did) feel as though your partner is entitled to sex of any
kind, I encourage you to re-examine that feeling. Ditto if you've got a little voice in your
head telling you that you ""ought to"" be up for sex all the time just because you don't get it
very often... or that you ""ought to"" be up for sex if you've done it with your partner
before... or whatever. The other best thing that ever happened to my sex life was when I
finally, finally, finally internalized the idea that my partners don't ever ""deserve"" sex for
any reason -- that there's no reason I ever ""should"" be having sex -- and that the only
reason I should ever, ever, ever do anything sexual is because I legitimately want to.
Of course, if you truly believe that you need a certain kind of sexuality in your life, then
you're absolutely entitled to ask your partner to consider it -- and you're entitled to leave
the relationship if ze isn't up for it. But this doesn't mean that you ""deserve"" to do that act
with that person, or that your partner ""owes"" you a certain act.
And hey, if your partner isn't down with one specific sexual act, then that means you've
got the chance to explore all kinds of other sexuality. Another other best thing that ever
happened to my sexuality? Quite possibly, it's my current boyfriend -- whose religious
adherence has drastically limited our physical sexual options.
Thomas MacAulay Millar:
We're each entitled to our own identity, but not to our own partner. Our partners are
people, with thoughts and desires and limits of their own, and they don't have to do what
we want them to do. This goes for tops, too! Tops have limits! Because of my blogging
covenant with my spouse (what I do as a bottom is personal to me and I decide how much
I reveal; what she does as a bottom is personal to her and she prefers that those stories not
be blogfodder) I don't have any really good stories to share about hitting my limits as a
top. But they exist. Tops are not required to be into everything a bottom is into, and they
damned sure are under no obligation to do things that make them uncomfortable just
because the bottom wants it -- whether the reason for the discomfort is risk tolerance,
ideology, squeamishness or anything else. Tops can say, ""no, I won't suspend you from
that eyebolt because I don't trust it"", ""no, I'm not interested in doing that roleplay because
I wouldn't be comfortable with it"", or ""I don't do play piercing because blood is a hard
limit for me."" We all have a right to say no to sexual acts we don't want; even if we're
topping.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2010/07/07/the-annotated-safeword/
Clarisse's original post on safewords can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/07/03/sex-communication-tactic-derived-from-sm-2-
safewords-and-check-ins/
* * *
* * *
* * *
COMMUNICATION:
[theory] Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Checklists
This is part of the same 2010 series as the previous article -- in fact, it came first.
* * *
Checklists
S&M checklists are long lists of different acts that sexual partners can use to discuss
different acts and measure each others' interest in those acts. Each act on the checklist
usually looks something like this:
FLOGGING -- GIVING __________________ O O O O O
FLOGGING -- RECEIVING ______________ O O O O O
Each partner rates each entry by filling out 1-5 bubbles, with 1 darkened bubble meaning
""Not interested"" and 5 bubbles meaning ""I crave this!""
I think this concept is brilliant because:
1) Too often, it's assumed that ""sex"" encompasses certain acts, and if you're interested in
a sexual relationship you must be interested in all those acts. Or there's assumed to be a
kind of linear progression, as exemplified in the ""base system,"" where ""first base"" is
groping and ""home base"" is penis-in-vagina sex. Talking about each sexual act as its own
self-contained idea short-circuits those problematic ideas about sex and makes it easier
for couples to turn down some of the ""assumed"" acts (e.g., if I don't want oral sex but I do
want penis-in-vagina...).
2) It provides an easy way to communicate desires -- if a person is nervous about saying,
""Hey, is it okay if I flog you?"" then the couple doesn't even have to talk about it right
3) Concurrently, it provides an easy way to turn down acts -- it's much harder to reject a
lover's proposition when ze says, ""Darling, can I flog you?"" than it is when you simply
fill in one bubble on the ""Flogging -- Receiving"" section. In the past, I've certainly felt a
lot of anxiety when I wanted to turn down partners, and it's nice to imagine a set-up that
would have made me feel less anxious.
In fact, I love the checklist concept so much that when the University of Illinois at
Chicago had me design my sexual communication workshop, I created a ""vanilla"" version
of the checklist that had entries ranging from ""oral sex"" to ""sex in public"" to ""tying up /
being tied up."" (Okay, maybe it wasn't entirely vanilla... I wanted to encourage people to
voice things they weren't sure about!) Then I later found out that the amazing sex
education site Scarleteen has created its own non-BDSM checklist, and theirs is way
better than mine.
I just love the principle of the thing -- the principle that a couple can have a lot of fun
just by sitting down and talking about every conceivable sex act, being presented with
some options that they maybe haven't thought of before, and honestly describing how
into each idea they each are.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
away. They can just sit down, fill out their checklists and compare results without getting
too worried about how to bring up certain desires. I mean, at some point of course they'll
hopefully talk about it, but hopefully the checklist framework makes it easier and lowerpressure.
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/06/14/sex-communication-tactic-derived-from-sm-1-
checklists/
* * *
* * *
* * *
COMMUNICATION:
[theory] Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Journal-
Keeping
This is part of the same 2010 series as the previous two articles. In this piece, I
mentioned 24/7 Master/slave relationships, which I had just learned about. Since then,
I've learned a lot more about those relationships. I have never been in one, although I
have occasionally had partners order me to do long-term submissive things. But I've read
and heard a lot of tales about 24/7 M/s.
24/7 Master/slave scenarios are rare... and I will say that there are some awful horror
stories floating around about them. Some BDSMers say that 24/7 Master/slave
relationships are always a terrible idea and should never be done. I am unwilling to
condemn them so thoroughly, but those relationships obviously require a lot of respect
and care from each participant. I would advise a person interested in such a relationship
to only consider it with a partner they know very well; to establish pressure-free
channels of communication; and to ensure crystal-clear understanding of how, exactly,
the relationship can be ended if anyone involved truly wants it to end.
* * *
Journal-Keeping
Some BDSMers play with really, really strong power dynamics. A good example of this
is couples who choose a ""24/7 dynamic"": one partner is dominant and the other is
submissive... all the time. I attended a workshop once with Sir Top and slave bonnie, two
wise BDSM educators, where I learned that slave bonnie was only ever allowed to
disobey orders of two kinds:
* Suicidal orders,
* Orders that would cause financial ruin.
The rest of the time, bonnie obeyed Top -- all the rest of the time.
Obviously, relationships like this are totally cool with me as long as they are -- say it with
me, everyone -- 100% consensual! Such relationships can also encourage the use of
interesting communication tactics, because many of the usual tactics don't feel right to the
participants. For example, these relationships often take place between people who feel
such a strong power dynamic that it would be almost impossible for the submissive to
feel comfortable safewording -- safewording can feel disconcertingly like a form of
resistance.
One way of dealing with this problem is for both partners to keep journals that are open
to the other partner. (With some couples, only the submissive keeps an open journal.)
They talk about their romantic feelings, they process their sexual encounters, they
articulate anxieties, etc. Sometimes a partner will give the other one journal prompts to
answer. The idea is that it's easier to express these things when there's a designated space
for it outside the relationship; the journals mean that partners (especially submissives)
can talk about what they need without fearing that they're undermining the power
dynamic.
I find the concept of simultaneous journals intriguing for a number of reasons. One is that
I've used similar tactics myself; I kept a private journal for many years, and once in a
long while I'd give entries to my partners when I needed to explain something
complicated about my feelings. I only did this a few times, ever, but it was really
effective when I did.
Later, I took to writing love letters that I noticed were very similar to both my journal
entries, and to the simultaneous relationship journals suggested for Master/slave couples.
I realized that I was writing letters because, at the time, I felt more comfortable writing
about my desires than talking about them. I've gotten a million times better at talking
about my sexuality honestly and shamelessly since then; but back then, there were
definitely things I wrote to my partners that I couldn't have said aloud. I also wrote
because -- just like Master/slave couples -- I wanted to communicate my feelings outside
the anxiety-inducing frameworks of the ""serious discussion,"" the bedroom, etc.
So when I developed my sexual communication workshop, I encouraged love letters. I
gave two suggested points of departure for a love letter:
1) Describe what happened during a sexual encounter you had together, with particular
emphasis on what your partner did that you really liked -- and what you liked about it. (""I
love it when you fuck me"" is a great thing to say, but you give much more information to
your partner if you say ""I love it when you fuck me from behind,"" or even better, ""I love
it when you fuck me from behind and it feels amazing when your balls hit my clit."" [This
blog does not necessarily reflect the desires or encounters of Miss Clarisse Thorn.])
2) Describe a fantasy you have. Bonus points if you explicitly put your partner in it. (""I
like to imagine you sinking your teeth into me until I scream."" This blog does not
necessarily... oh, who am I kidding.)
Postscript: In the comments on this piece, a reader noted that they might feel anxious and
pressured if a partner described them doing something specific. I hadn't thought of this,
but I totally believe that it could be a problem. Certainly, I've sometimes had experiences
writing to a partner where I described him doing something and he thought it was
ridiculously hot... but I've also done it and had partners dislike it. I guess my final advice
is that -- as with all communication -- you'll want to consider the audience, and be ready
to apologize.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/07/30/sex-communication-tactic-derived-from-sm-3-
journal-keeping/
* * *
* * *
* * *
COMMUNICATION:
[storytime] Sex Communication Case Studies
I wrote this post in 2011, years after the events in my coming-out story, and a long time
after I'd done all the above research into communication tactics. By 2011, I'd picked up
lots of sexual and BDSM experience with a variety of partners. I had just written a post
about my most destructive past relationship; the post got a lot of readers and was
eventually cross-posted to Jezebel. I wanted to do something positive with all the
attention, so I decided to offer a productive counterpoint.
* * *
Sex Communication Case Studies
In the wake of my last post, which was basically a meditation on one relationship with
bad sexual communication, I want to offer some positive examples of sexual
communication from my life.
* * *
1) Low pressure and leather belts. Years ago, when I was pretty inexperienced in the
community, I had a single BDSM encounter with a gentleman in his home. We met at a
BDSM discussion group, arranged to meet later at a cafe, and went home from there; as
we exited the cafe, I took his driver's license and texted his full name and license number
to a friend. (I think more people should do this, frankly -- in fact, more non-BDSM
people should do this when they go home with strangers from bars.)
We sat together on the public transit and quietly discussed the upcoming scene: he asked
me many, many questions about what I was okay with and not okay with. Questions like:
""What do you have experience with?"" ""Could you go into that more?"" ""What do you
like?"" ""What makes that fun for you?"" ""Is there anything you really don't want me to do?""
He asked a lot of the questions twice, too, which I think is a really great strategy
especially with new partners. People don't always have their heads together enough
during these conversations to answer an S&M question properly the first time, especially
if it's a broad and open-ended question like ""What are the things you really don't want to
do?""
I made it clear that I just wanted a BDSM encounter, that I wasn't up for oral sex or
vaginal sex or anything like that. He'd never had a BDSM encounter that didn't involve
orgasm, so it was a new concept for him, but he was cool with trying it.
After our long discussion of boundaries and limits, we made it to his apartment and
settled in. He got out some equipment, including a collar, and he said: ""While you're
wearing this, you will obey everything I say. Do you have any final boundaries to set?
Anything you really want me to do? Anything else you don't want me to do?"" I said no,
and he snapped on the collar. (We did have an agreed-upon safeword, though -- so I had a
way of interrupting the proceedings if I really needed to.)
It was an interesting encounter, partly because he was looking more for dominance
(giving orders) than sadism (inflicting pain), whereas at the time I was looking more for
masochism (receiving pain) than submission (accepting orders). So we started out with
him giving me a bunch of orders (primarily to fulfill his kink), and then in the end he hit
me a lot with a leather belt (to fulfill mine). At the time I was still figuring out where the
boundary was for me: whether I identified as a submissive or only a masochist; how
much submission and masochism were intertwined. That night showed me a lot about
how one can create submissive energy within a pre-defined space, even with someone
you barely know.
Afterwards, when I was done crying, he took off the collar and we went to bed. (By that
time of night, I didn't have a way back home from where he lived, so I had to sleep over.)
We chatted about random things, neither of us quite tired enough to sleep. Within half an
hour or so, he realized that there was no way he was ever going to get to sleep unless he
had an orgasm, but he also understood that I didn't want to have sex with him, so he
didn't try to push that. Instead, he said: ""I really need to have an orgasm before I can get
to sleep. I can either take care of that in the bathroom, or I can do it here. If I do it here,
then you can help me along, or not. I'd especially appreciate it if you could talk dirty
while I jerk off, but it's your decision.""
Talk about low pressure! Yeah, I learned a lot from that guy.
* * *
2) Scripts and Lists. I had one brief relationship last year with a gentleman who is really,
really awesome -- but we have very different approaches to S&M. We had a hard time
communicating about it... honestly, if he hadn't been such an awesome guy, I would
probably have given up on the relationship after a couple nights together. We were great
at having extensive theoretical conversations about sexuality, but when it came down to
actually having sex with each other, things got puzzling. We had difficulty predicting,
understanding, and initiating with each other.
I'm not sure what made it so hard. I think, mostly, we just brought really different
assumptions to the table. I tend to take an ""improvisational"" approach to my encounters,
whereas he tends to take a ""scripted"" approach. He's into doing stuff like rearranging the
furniture, taking on specific roles (e.g. teacher and student), using costumes and props,
and knowing exactly what will be said beforehand.
Me, I like going free-form. I talk to my partner about hard limits (things we absolutely
don't want to do); I talk to him about things we really like; and we set a safeword. I'm
usually okay with diving in from there. If he wants a more structured conversation, I'm
glad to have one (and sometimes, especially when I'm dominant, I'll ask for more
conversation myself). But generally, I like seeing how things go based on a very loose set
of guidelines, and making minor adjustments during the encounter, then evaluating the
situation afterwards.
One of the reasons I like doing this is that unexpected things happen. On the flip side,
there's also more room for experiences that aren't very exciting. I think I'm more likely to
have disjointed or confusing encounters than a lot of other BDSMers I know, although
maybe I'm just falling prey to the bias of assuming other people are doing better than I
am. And Scripty Guy in particular really doesn't like disjoint and confusion -- he likes
knowing what's going to happen.
Late in the relationship, I suggested that we try going through a checklist. When people
use these checklists, a lot of the time they just write their rating for each act, and give
them to each other to read. What we did instead was go through the checklist together
and discuss what we found hot, what was not, and whatever else came to mind.
This worked amazingly well -- it totally bridged our theoretical gap and it was a turn-on
in itself! (Seriously, by the time we were done going through the whole list, I could not
wait to have sex with that guy.) The conversation also helped me figure out the scripted
vs. un-scripted difference between us.
We stopped seeing each other for unrelated reasons soon afterwards, and they were good
reasons, but it seemed like a shame; I felt like we'd only just started figuring things out.
I'm not sure how well our S&M styles would have ultimately meshed, but I was curious
to try. Oh well... win some, lose some.
* * *
3) Transparent as Glass. Very rarely, I'll end up with a BDSM partner where our brief
in-the-moment communications -- you know, like groans, or physical shifts, or facial
expressions, or even jokes -- function very well. We can get into intense, intimate S&M
in a way that seems almost instinctive (although it helps future encounters if we talk it
over and process what we did afterwards). This is really exciting when it happens, but I
recognize it as unusual. A gift.
The person I'm about to write about is totally going to get a swelled head because I write
about him so much, but he's such a good example, I have to. The first time I went home
with him, I knew he wasn't in the public BDSM community. We'd had one really vague
conversation about BDSM previously, and he'd read a small sample of my work. I didn't
expect anything much.
He kissed me, and then I think he gave me some kind of mild signal like a bite on my
shoulder. It was a gentle bite, by my standards. So I took matters into my own hands and
removed my shirt, preparing to give him some feedback. He leaned back and said,
""Whoa,"" and I thought, Oh damn, I'm totally going too fast for him, he's probably not
accustomed to a high degree of sexual directness, so I said, ""Sorry, is this okay?"" and he
laughed and kind of threw up his hands and said, ""Sure.""
That made me a tad nervous -- if me taking off my shirt surprised him, what else would
surprise him? -- but I figured I'd see it through, see what happened. So I explained to him
what kind of biting I really like, and showed where I like it on my back and my arms. I
think I gave him a couple of other tips, too, but I honestly can't remember; it didn't take
more than five minutes. I certainly didn't give him an exhaustive rundown of my
preferences before I said, ""Does that all make sense?"" and he said ""Yes,"" and put his
hands on me.
Which is why it was so surprising that within a very short time, both of us were breathing
hard and confused and maybe slightly dizzy and looking at each other with very wide
eyes, and he was saying in an amazed tone: ""I just -- I'm a little shocked. That was really
good,"" and I was saying: ""Yes. Yes it was.""
It went like that for a while. He'd go for it, and then pull back, and I'd drag myself out of
my BDSM headspace long enough to explain one or two ideas, or reassure him that I felt
fine. And then he'd go for it again. And by the end of it, I was -- blazing.
Sometimes, it just works. You've never met this person before, you've talked for half an
hour about something completely irrelevant like science fiction novels, yet it only takes
five minutes of discussion about preferences and safewords, and then it just works. I
don't know why, and I don't know how, but sometimes you find a partner who can just --
read you, like an open book -- or who seems as transparent as glass to you; or, if you're
really lucky, both.
(But I write about this with some hesitation, and I'm putting it at the end of this post after
two other examples for a reason: because I don't think it's the standard, and I don't think it
ought to be seen as standard. Especially because, paradoxically, this kind of instinctive
connection will sometimes throw me off guard, make me unlikely to communicate when
I probably ought to, because if he can read me that well -- it's so tempting to assume that
""he just knows"" everything. But of course he doesn't. I later had a couple rough moments
with that particular guy, where I didn't tell him about boundaries that were actually pretty
important, because I thought he could just tell -- and of course he couldn't always ""just
tell."" Sometimes he could, but sometimes he couldn't.)
The overall moral of the story is this. Even with him, even with this guy, who totally
blindsided me with his ability to read me despite the fact that he barely knew me: even
with him, I had to be able to talk directly about what I wanted. Our connection was
established because I was able to say, ""Okay, that bite was a tad gentle, here's how I
really like it, and here's what not to do with your teeth on me."" All my most
extraordinary sexual connections have benefited from everyone involved taking
ownership of their desire, and talking about it directly at least a little bit.
I occasionally come across people who ask me how they can get their partners to do
BDSM without talking about it directly. While I appreciate and sympathize with both
their need to do BDSM, and their anxiety about talking about it -- I just can't get behind
the premise of the question. The fantasy of a sexual relationship that is totally instinctive
and perfect without any effort is just that -- a fantasy. And moreover, while you might be
able to get some BDSM experiences without actually having a conversation about
BDSM, direct sexual communication is not a threat to your sexual experiences -- it can
improve them.
Do what you want, really, as long as it's consensual. If you want to have sex that's not
communicative, that is your prerogative, as long as it's always consensual. (It's worth
asking, though... are you so sure you can tell that it's consensual, if you don't talk about
it?) Still. Learning how to talk about sex more directly and exactly might be hard or
embarrassing or complicated, but it is seriously worth it. Not just BDSM; all sex.
It's so worth it.
* * *
This post originally appeared at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/03/11/storytime-sex-communication-case-studies/
* * *
* * *
* * *
FEMINISM:
[theory] Towards My Personal Sex-Positive Feminist 101
I wrote this in 2011, when I realized that I couldn't find a good Sex-Positive Feminist 101
anywhere on the Internet. The original version contains a lot more links, including an
evolving set of relevant links at the end.
* * *
Towards My Personal Sex-Positive Feminist 101
There's an aphorism from the early 1900s literary critic Andre Maurois: ""The difficult
part in an argument is not to defend one's opinion but to know it."" Even though I identify
as an activist and genuinely want to make a real impact on the world based on my
beliefs... I often think that much of my blogging has been more an attempt to figure out
what I believe, than to tell people what I believe. And sometimes, I fall into the trap of
wanting to be consistent more than I want to understand what I really believe -- or more
than I want to empathize with other people -- or more than I want to be correct. We all
gotta watch out for that.
But I'm getting too philosophical here. (Who, me?) The point is, I am hesitant to write
something with a title like ""Sex-Positive 101,"" because not only does it seem arrogant
(who says Clarisse Thorn gets to define Sex-Positive 101?) -- it also implies that my
thoughts on sex-positivity have come to a coherent, standardized end. Which they
haven't! I'm still figuring things out, just like everyone else.
However, lately I've been thinking that I really want to write about some basic ideas that
inform my thoughts on sex-positive feminism. I acknowledge that I am incredibly
privileged (white, upper-middle-class, heteroflexible, cisgendered etc) and coming
mostly from a particular community, the BDSM community; both of these factors inform
and limit the principles that underpin my sex-positivity. I welcome ideas for Sex-Positive
Feminism 101, links to relevant 101 resources, etc.
* * *
Some Central Sex-Positive Feminist Ideas, according to Clarisse Thorn
1) Desire is complicated, and people are different. These ideas both seem basic and
obvious to me as I write them, but I wanted to put them out there because I think they're
useful anchors for all the rest.
2) Gender is not a binary, and gender cannot be determined by a person's outer
appearance or behavior. Different people experience and display gender in a galaxy of
ways. No woman in the world is perfectly submissive, perfectly hourglass-shaped,
perfectly kind, etc, although these are stereotypes commonly associated with women. No
man in the world is perfectly dominant, perfectly confident, perfectly muscular, etc.
While many people reduce the idea of a person's gender to whether they have a penis or a
vagina, the existence of trans people and intersex people proves that this isn't a valid
approach. Individual people have all kinds of qualities that are attributed to the ""other""
gender... and the concept of an ""other"" (or ""opposite"") gender is weird in itself, because
why does one gender have to be the ""other,"" and what does that imply?
All this having been said, gender is frequently perceived as a binary, and many people fit
themselves into the possibly-arbitrary system of gender that currently exists. There are
ideas of ""men"" and ""women"" that are culturally understood, widely adopted, and socially
enforced. Feminism has its roots in women resisting men's violent and social dominance,
and in women resisting the cultural emphasis on stereotypical men's desires.
3) Historically, sex has usually been defined in terms of two things: (a) reproduction,
and (b) the sexual pleasure of stereotypical men. Cultural sexual standards are based
on these things. For example, the sexual ""base system""; if you've read my work before
then you'll have seen me talk about it a lot, because it's such a perfect example. It's
commonly discussed among USA schoolchildren and it describes kissing as ""first base,""
groping as ""second base,"" oral sex as ""third base"" and penis-in-vagina sex as ""home
base."" Why should this hierarchy exist? It only makes sense if we think of sex as being
centered around reproduction. If we think of sex as being about pleasure and open
exploration in ways that are different for everyone, then having a ""home base"" -- a
standardized goal -- makes zero sense.
Another example: penis-in-vagina sex is often seen as ""real"" sex or ""actual"" sex, with all
other sex considered ""less real."" How many arguments have you had over the course of
your lifetime about whether oral sex ""counts"" as sex? (Hint: more than the subject
deserves.) For a recent example, there's the Kink.com virgin shoot, wherein a porn model
publicly ""lost her virginity"" notwithstanding the fact that she'd already had plenty of oral
and anal sex on camera for years -- she'd just never had vaginal sex.
As for sex being defined by the pleasure of stereotypical men: one example is how people
usually think about orgasms. In my experience and that of people I talk to -- and in the
vast majority of porn -- it seems commonly accepted that sexual activity ends with a
man's orgasm, whereas women are commonly expected to continue engaging in sex after
having an orgasm... despite the fact that many women seem just as tired and lessinterested
in sex post-orgasm as many men are. In part, this goes back to defining sex in
terms of reproduction: men have to orgasm in order for reproduction to happen, so men's
orgasms must (supposedly) be central to sex. It's all influenced by these other
constructions, like how penis-in-vagina sex is ""real"" sex, or ""home base"": many people
are confused by the idea that you'd shift sexual gears to (for example) manual stimulation
if you've already ""made it to home base."" But it also arises from centering stereotypical
men's desires -- from a culture that just generally sees them as more important, more
driving, and more necessary than women's. (Note that the majority of women don't
achieve orgasm from penis-in-vagina sex in itself.)
When sex is defined in terms of reproduction and stereotypical male pleasure, the
following things result:
+ People who aren't men have a harder time understanding their sexuality, because there
are fewer models (for example: it's fairly common for women to figure out how to have
orgasms much later in life than the average man -- like 20s or 30s, if ever)
+ Men who don't fit masculine stereotypes have a harder time understanding their
sexuality (for example: there's a great essay by a former men's magazine editor in the
anthology Best Sex Writing 2010 in which he talks about how hard it was for him to come
to terms with his desire for heavy women)
+ Even men who do fit masculine stereotypes feel limited from other types of
exploration, and may derive less pleasure from sex than they would in a less broken
world
+ Sex acts or sexual relationships that aren't reproductive are devalued, are seen as weird,
or aren't even defined as sex (for example: stigma against gay sex, lesbian sex, many
fetishes, etc)
4) Women are expected to trade sex to men in exchange for support or romance.
Women who don't get a ""good trade"" (e.g. women who don't receive a certain level of
financial support or romance ""in exchange for"" sex) are seen as sluts. Men who don't get
a ""good trade"" (e.g. men who don't receive a certain amount of sex ""in exchange for"" a
relationship) are seen as pussies. (Yes, ""pussies""... don't you just love that a word for
female genitalia is a commonly used insult against so-called ""weak"" men?)
What this also means is that many people have trouble examining motivations outside
this framework: women are always expected to be looking for more emotional or
financial investment from a guy, whereas men are always expected to be looking for
more (or more so-called ""extreme"") sex. Women who actively seek sex, or men who
actively seek intimacy, are shamed and hurt and confused for it -- often even within their
own heads.
5) Since stereotypical men have historically been much freer to explore their
sexuality than people of other genders, the desires of stereotypical men have formed
the pattern for ""liberated sexuality."" As women have won freedom to act, work and
explore outside the home more, we've been following patterns created mostly by men,
and those patterns might look extremely different if women had created them.
When we talk about sexuality, I think that leads us to examine what ""liberated sexuality""
looks like. ""Liberated sexuality"" is often stereotyped as promiscuous, for example.
""Liberated sexuality"" is also stereotyped as being unromantic, never involving any of
those pesky pesky feelings, etc. I write about this cautiously: I have no intention of telling
anyone what ""real"" men do or feel, or what ""real"" women do or feel. However, it seems
conceivable to me that most men are generally more likely to enjoy promiscuity and
emotionless sex than most women are -- if only for hormonal reasons. Here's a quotation
from the brilliant trans man sex writer Patrick Califia on the effects of testosterone:
It's harder to track psychological and emotional changes caused by one's taking
testosterone than it is to notice the physical differences. But I think the former actually
outweigh the latter. It isn't that testosterone has made me a different person. I always had
a high sex drive, liked porn and casual sex, couldn't imagine giving up masturbation, was
able to express my anger, and showed a pretty high level of autonomy and assertiveness.
But all of these things have gotten much more intense since I began hormone treatments.
During the first six months on T, every appetite I had was painfully sharp. A friend of
mine expressed it this way: ""When I had to eat, I had to eat right fucking now. If I was
horny, I had to come immediately. If I needed to shit, I couldn't wait. If I was pissed off,
the words came right out of my mouth. If I was bored, I had to leave."" My body and all
the physical sensations that spring from it have acquired a piquancy and an immediacy
that is both entertaining and occasionally inconvenient. Moving through the world is
even more fun, involves more stimulation than it used to; life is more in the here-andnow,
more about bodies and objects, less about thoughts and feelings.
… Casual sex has changed. When I want to get off, my priority is to find somebody who
will do that as efficiently as possible, and while I certainly would rather have a pleasant
interaction with that person, I don't think a lot about how they were doing before they got
down on their knees, and I don't care very much how they feel after they get up and
leave. It's hard to keep their needs in mind; it's easier to just assume that if they wanted
anything, it was their responsibility to try to get it. I always preferred to take sexual
initiative, and that has become even more ego-congruent. (pages 397-398, Speaking Sex
To Power)
A trans woman friend once told me that not only did she get turned on more frequently
pre-transition; also, she now has to feel more emotionally connected to her partner in
order to enjoy sex. And she noted that she has to ""take care of herself more"" in order to
feel turned on now -- not just in the moment, but in life, and in the relationship.
If we accept that there is, speaking generally, a difference in sexual desires between men
and women (although individuals will always be unique), then it leads to new questions.
If women were socially and culturally dominant, what would so-called ""liberated
sexuality"" look like? If people of all genders are following patterns set by stereotypical
men, then what does that mean for attempts to think around those patterns?
6) Communicating consent is complicated, but consent is the only thing that makes
sex okay, so we have to make every effort to respect it. All sex is completely fine with
me as long as it's consensual. Seriously, I really don't care what you do -- as long as it's
consensual. (Try to find a consensual sex act that shocks me. I dare you.)
Communicating consent can, however, be complicated, and there are lots of different
ways to do it. Many BDSMers are eminently familiar with this, as you can tell by the fact
that some parts of the BDSM community have developed an extensive array of tactics for
discussing consent. For example, the most famous BDSM communication tactic is
safewords, which gives everyone involved a clear word that they can invoke to stop the
action at any time.
Most people don't communicate directly about most things, and the stigma and high
emotions around sexuality make it even harder for most people to communicate directly
about sex. Hence, most sexual communication is highly indirect. Even among people
who are accustomed to direct sexual communication -- like many BDSMers -- a lot of
communication ends up being indirect and instinctive anyway; there's just no way to
discuss every possible reaction and every single desire ahead of time. Everyone fucks up
sometimes. No one in the world has a perfect track record on creating a pressure-free
environment for their partners to express what they want... or asking their partners for
what they want... or even knowing what they want in the first place.
So, yes, I acknowledge that communicating about sex and getting what you want
consensually can be really hard. However, it's most important to not violate people's
boundaries. No matter how hard it is, it's necessary to make a serious and genuine effort
to measure and respect a partner's consent every time sex happens. Feminist ideas of
enthusiastic consent are designed to help this process.
Here's my attempt at a quick definition of enthusiastic consent:
The basic idea is simple: don't initiate sex unless you have your partner's enthusiastic
consent. Not a partner who says, ""Okay, I guess,"" in a bored tone, but doesn't actively
say ""no."" Not a partner who is silent and non-reactive, but doesn't actively stop you when
you start having sex with them. Not a partner who seems hesitant, or anxious, or
confused. Enthusiastic consent means an enthusiastic partner: one who is responding
passionately, kissing you back, saying things like ""Yes"" or ""Oh my God, don't stop""... or
a partner who talks to you ahead of time about what will happen, as many BDSMers and
sex workers do, and knows how to safeword or otherwise get out of the situation if you do
something they don't like.
It's worth noting that there are critiques within feminism of the concept of enthusiastic
consent. For example, some feminist sex workers point out that when they have sex for
money, their consent is not exactly ""enthusiastic,"" but they still feel that their consent is
real consent, and that their choices must be respected. The same goes for some asexual
people. Asexuality is commonly defined as ""not feeling sexual attraction to others,"" but
some asexual people have romantic relationships with other people in which they have
sex entirely to satisfy their partner, and some of them have said that they don't feel
included by feminist discussions of enthusiastic consent.
Hey, even some of my non-asexual, non-sex worker friends have problems with the idea
that they aren't ""really"" consenting unless they're super-enthusiastic about the sexual act
at hand. A married friend once commented wryly that if she and her husband always
demanded 100% enthusiastic consent from each other, then the marriage would fall apart.
But as we continued to discuss it, she and her husband both agreed that they have zero
problem with the situation as it stands.
I don't want to sweep those critiques under the rug. I figure that as long as everyone's
communicating about the situation openly, and working to keep things relatively lowpressure,
then consent is likely to happen, even if it's not perfectly ""enthusiastic."" I've had
extensive debates on the topic with other feminists, though, and I often seek more,
because honing consent theory is one of my favorite things!
All this having been said: the concept of enthusiastic consent has been very helpful for
me personally. I know that it's also been helpful for an enormous number of other people
who are trying to understand boundaries in their sexual relationships. I absolutely believe
that enthusiastic consent is an important and useful standard, and I do my best to observe
that standard as much as I can in my own relationships. So, while I think some critiques
are reasonable, I also think that the idea of enthusiastic consent is the best baseline
assumption to start these conversations... if not to end them.
7) In practice, as long as everyone involved is having consensual fun, criticism is
secondary. Practically speaking, consent is the most important thing; from a pragmatic
standpoint, the question of whether sexuality arises from biology or culture doesn't matter
nearly as much. (I find the question of whether BDSM can be categorized as a sexual
orientation to be more politically and theoretically interesting than practically important.)
Understanding sexual biology or culture may help us grasp some of the complexities of
consent. For example, people often have trouble saying ""no"" to things directly: when was
the last time you explicitly said ""no"" when you didn't want to do something? Which of
the following exchanges is more likely:
Person A: Hey, want to come over tonight?
Person B: You know, I'd love to, but I'm so exhausted from work, I really need to get
some sleep.
or
Person A: Hey, want to come over tonight?
Person B: No.
People of all genders really don't like saying ""no"" to things directly. Grasping this
important cultural concept is one step on the path of learning how to communicate
effectively about consent. But in my book, it's really not as important to understand why
people hate saying ""no"" directly, as it is to understand that people hate saying ""no""
directly. It's necessary to understand that because it means that pushing someone until
they say ""no"" can mean pushing them further than they wanted to go.
I believe that the most important role of social criticism -- including sex-positive
feminism -- is not to tell people what to do. If you have sex that appears to be in line with
ridiculous and oppressive stereotypes, I really do not care as long as everyone involved is
consenting and having fun. I reserve the right to occasionally have consensual sex where
a gentleman friend beats me up before fucking me, and I reserve the right to enjoy it.
But I want to offer sex-positive feminist analyses in order to help people understand
themselves and their desires... and also understand their partners and their desires. I think
that many people have sex they don't like, sex that's in line with ridiculous and oppressive
stereotypes, because they haven't been exposed to anything they like better. I think many
people have sex they don't like because they don't feel like they can look for something
different -- they think it's the best they can get. I think many people have sex they don't
like because they think it's what their partner wants -- and I think those people are
frequently wrong, and I think most partners would genuinely prefer that everyone be
having fun.
Which is why I try to deconstruct sexual norms and stereotypes. Which is why I
encourage people to look for what they like. Which is why I always emphasize talking
about it.
8) Awesome, respectful, joyful, mutual sex means approaching sex as collaborative
rather than adversarial. Aside from solo sex (i.e. masturbation), sex always involves
another person. And at its best, it's about having a good time with other people --
understanding their reality, accepting it, playing with it. The best metaphors I've ever
heard for sex were all about collaborative art, like a musical jam performance. Here's a
bit from Thomas MacAulay Millar's totally brilliant essay ""Towards a Performance
Model of Sex"" (please do read the whole thing someday):
The negotiation is the creative process of building something from a set of available
elements. Musicians have to choose, explicitly or implicitly, what they are going to play:
genre, song, key and interpretation. The palette available to them is their entire skill set
-- all the instruments they have and know how to play, their entire repertoire, their
imagination and their skills -- and the product will depend on the pieces each individual
brings to the performance. Two musicians steeped in Delta blues will produce very
different music from one musician with a love for soul and funk and another with roots in
hip-hop or 1980s hardcore. This process involves communication of likes and dislikes
and preferences, not a series of proposals that meet with acceptance or rejection.
… Under this model, the sexual interaction should be creative, positive, and respectful
even in the most casual of circumstances.
(""Towards a Performance Model of Sex"" was first printed in Yes Means Yes, edited by
Jessica Valenti and Jaclyn Friedman, the brilliant sex-positive anti-rape anthology that I
want everyone in the entire world to read. It was also reprinted in Best Sex Writing 2010,
edited by Rachel Kramer Bussel.)
9) All people deserve equal rights, including sexual minorities. As long as people are
having consensual sex, they do not deserve to be stigmatized, harassed, or otherwise
harmed for their sexuality. Period. No one should be fired for their sexual or gender
identity. No one should have their kids taken away for their sexual or gender identity.
Rape is still rape, even when it's perpetrated against a sex worker. I support
decriminalizing sex work for a lot of reasons; for example, I'd love it if the law would
quit harassing and jailing sex workers for having consensual sex, and I'd love it if sex
workers could organize for better workplace safety. The bottom line is that people -- all
people -- have rights. It's time to treat them that way.
* * *
In terms of actual ways to be sex-positive in everyday life, here are the three ways I
usually encourage people to spread the sex-positive love:
A) Avoid re-centering. Sexuality shouldn't be societally ""centered"" on any particular
norm, idea, or stereotype (except consent). It is frequently tempting to re-center
""objective"" ideas about sexuality onto ourselves, if we're different from the norm, or onto
people we admire. But the truth is that -- on a societal level -- queer sex is just as
awesome as straight sex; that BDSM sex is equally admirable as vanilla sex; that
cisgendered people are not any more or less amazing than trans people. The decision to
have sex is no better than the decision to avoid sex, and asexual people are just as great as
hypersexual people who are just as great as anyone with any level of sex drive.
In alternative sexuality subcultures, one often encounters a kind of superior attitude,
perhaps because we have to push back so hard against the norm. In polyamory, for
example, some of us use the sarcastic term ""polyvangelist"": a person who insists that
polyamory is ""better"" or ""more evolved"" or ""makes more sense"" for everyone,
everywhere, than monogamy does. Neither monogamy nor polyamory is better than the
other; they're just different. Polyvangelists are trying to re-center onto polyamory. Not
cool.
B) Start conversations. One of the most damaging problems around sexuality is the
overwhelming and constant stigma. It hurts people with certain sexual identities,
preferences or pasts. It hurts them spiritually. It can hurt them societally, like when
LGBTQ folks have difficulty adopting children, or former sex workers are not allowed to
work at other jobs. It can even hurt them physically: 40 years after doctors started
noticing the HIV pandemic, too many people are still refusing to talk about sex openly, or
give healthcare to sexual minorities directly affected by HIV. To say nothing of people
who are attacked or killed for their sexual minority status, like trans people who are
murdered in the street, or lesbians who are raped in order to ""fix"" their sexuality. Sexual
stigma kills.
So when someone says something icky about sex and gender, or stereotypes a certain sex
or gender identity, it's so great to challenge them -- or at least to question them. (""Really?
What makes you think all gay people are abuse survivors?"") And some of the most
powerful sex activism out there involves starting discussion groups, creating venues for
discussion, hosting sexuality speakers or sex-related art, etc.
C) Be ""out"" or open, without being invasive. This can be tricky, because I don't want
to encourage people to aggressively talk about sex at totally inappropriate times -- and
again, I'm against re-centering. On the other hand, the most powerful tool for
destigmatizing sexuality appears to be coming out of the closet -- whether a person is
queer, BDSM, or whatever. Openly acknowledging, owning, and discussing your sexual
preferences can help others respect those preferences -- and can help others who share
those preferences respect themselves. (Can you tell that I cried when I saw the movie
Milk?)
* * *
This post can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/05/08/towards-my-personal-sex-positive-feminist-
101/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] S&M Superpowers
I wrote this post in 2011, but I encountered the ""superpower"" framework for fetishes in
2008, before I started blogging. I was telling one of my first S&M partners about how
broken and anxious I felt, and he said: ""Why talk about it that way? You haven't lost
anything. You've gained a superpower!""
* * *
S&M Superpowers
I've gotten so bored of the biases and stereotypes against S&M. It's like, ""Hey, another
person who implies that those of us who do consensual S&M were all abused as
children? Sweet! That person is wrong, and I consider those views highly stigmatizing
and sometimes damaging. So, can we go for a swim now?""
(For the record, the biggest and best-designed study ever done on this topic surveyed
20,000 people and found that S&Mers ""were no more likely to have been coerced into
sexual activity"" than the general population. But -- also for the record -- an S&Mer whose
sexuality was associated with being abused would not be ""less legitimate"" than the rest of
us, as long as that person practiced kink consensually. Because what makes S&M okay is
consent, right? Right. S&M isn't okay or not okay because of its ""source,"" whatever that
might be -- it's okay only when it's practiced consensually, right? Right. So this is all
actually kind of a silly conversation to have in the first place, right? Right. It's too bad
stigma tends to make zero sense, isn't it? Stigma loves to trick you into debating on its
own terms.)
It's much more entertaining to imagine how people would talk about S&M, if we lived in
a culture where S&M wasn't wildly stigmatized. In fact, what if S&M were admired or
seen as a great thing... instead of being repressed and forced underground and seen as a
dark, evil, disgusting thing? I've known people who called S&M and other fetishes
""superpowers,"" in a kind of ironic twist on this concept.
Many people have written about how S&Mers can offer lessons in sexuality that we
gleaned from our outside-the-box perspective (there's a whole paper on this topic for
clinicians, written by psychologist Peggy Kleinplatz and titled ""Learning from
Extraordinary Lovers""). I myself have talked about how S&Mers tend to use much more
careful and precise sexual communication tactics than the mainstream (examples include
checklists and safewords). But these lessons are hardly confined to S&Mers -- there are
lots of vanilla people out there who are awesomely careful and precise about
communicating sexually.
The superpower framework is a bit different....
+ For example, I already noted that it's been demonstrated that S&Mers are not more
likely to have endured non-consensual acts -- so we know that despite what Freud would
have had you believe, all S&M does not arise from childhood abuse. But maybe it does
arise from a childhood experience... an awesome childhood experience. Maybe the
Missing S&M Link is that something totally wonderful happened to S&Mers in our
childhoods.
Hey, vanilla people? I'm so sorry you all had such bad childhoods. Really, you have my
sincerest sympathies.
+ For example, some folks will say that we S&Mers have a wire crossed somewhere;
some genetic inferiority. But maybe we are totally way superior. Maybe average
dominants and sadists are, say, more empathic than the norm. (There is, after all, actual
research showing that consensual S&M increases intimacy.) Maybe average submissives
and masochists are better at processing pain and enduring challenges, both physical and
emotional, than the norm.
Sorry vanilla people, but we're going to have to start screening for your gross vanilla
genes in the womb. Nothing personal.
+ For example, one of my exes has a story about how he was down in Latin America and
he only had access to incredibly cold showers. So he gritted his teeth, stepped into the
shower, and told himself that a dominant woman was forcing him to take it. ""Actually it
made the shower a million times easier to deal with,"" he said later. ""And I had a raging
erection the whole time.""
Aren't submissives awesome? I pity those of you who lack submissive tendencies.
Just because anything on the Internet can and will be misread, I will conclude this post by
hammering down the point that this is all a thought experiment, and I do not actually
think vanilla people are any less wonderful than S&M people. It's okay vanilla folks.
I love you just the way you are.
* * *
This post can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/06/21/sm-superpowers/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] BDSM Can Be ""Love Sex"" Too
In early 2011, my fellow sex blogger Rachel Rabbit White asked me to participate in her
initiative ""Lady Porn Day."" This was the result. There's a list of relevant links at the end
of the online version of this article.
* * *
BDSM Can Be ""Love Sex"" Too
I'm not a big porn consumer, but I have no problem with porn in itself. When I have a
problem with porn, it's because I have a problem with how it was made: because there are
labor issues, or questions of the actors' consent. Sometimes, I get frustrated with the
context in which porn exists or the stereotypes it expresses -- but there, the problem is
with the context and the stereotypes, not with porn in itself. I tend to think that most antiporn
anxiety arises from irrational grossed-out reactions and stereotype-created fears, and
I try to open up conversations about the ethics of making porn whenever I can.
This isn't to say I don't get angry because many people in our society are pressured to
have sex that doesn't work for them -- but that's not the fault of porn. I certainly get
frustrated by sexual stereotypes, but I don't think porn created those stereotypes.
One stereotype I've been thinking about a lot lately -- one that I see expressed over and
over in BDSM porn -- is the idea that BDSMers don't love our partners, or that love can't
be part of a BDSM relationship. Here's a quotation from Pat Califia's Speaking Sex To
Power that touches on this (note: contains spoilers about the endings of three famous
BDSM novels -- Story of O, Return to the Chateau and Nine And A Half Weeks):
I still remember how crushed I was when I read Story of O and Return to the Chateau
and came to the ending, where Sir Stephen loses interest in O and tells her to kill herself.
I can also remember being furious with the way Nine And A Half Weeks (the book, not
the movie) ends. The submissive woman has a public breakdown. She begins to cry
hysterically, and is abandoned by her master, so that strangers have to obtain help for
her. One of the cruelest stereotypes of S/M people is that we don't love each other, that
there is something about our sexual style that makes our relationships mutually
destructive and predisposes us to suicide.
This quotation came to mind during a conversation I had a few days ago: I was talking to
a girl who really likes BDSM sex but referred to non-BDSM sex as ""love sex."" Because,
you know, love is just not an ingredient in BDSM sex. ""Everyone knows"" that -- the same
way ""everyone knows"" that BDSM always arises from childhood abuse, or dominant
sadism is for villains, or everyone who likes BDSM is damaged and miserable and
irresponsible, or....
Not to put too fine a point on it: fuck that.
I'm not saying there's no BDSM smut out there with love in it. Anne Rice's Beauty series
ends with Beauty riding off into the sunset with her loving sadomasochistic partner
(although of course the characters deal with all kinds of uncaring brutality first). But even
nuanced BDSM erotica seems to fall into this trap more often than not -- for example,
Jacqueline Carey's Kushiel's Dart, which is so consciously written that it includes
safewords, also portrays a main character whose most compelling BDSM relationships
are with her enemies and whose love relationship is with a man who can't stand to hurt
her. (Carey took a very different tack later in the series, with other characters; I've always
wondered whether she did so as a reaction to criticism.)
It's easier to criticize than create. And all my porn critiques could come back and bite me
soon, because I plan on releasing my own BDSM smut sometime... and I'm sure that what
I produce won't even be close to perfect. Yet one thing I really want to ensure I represent
in whatever I write is love. There are plenty of BDSM fantasies that partly operate on the
absence of love -- that even demand it, perhaps because the fantasy is all about a vicious
and emotionally distant dominant, or because much of the erotic tension is derived from
how much the partners hate each other, or for lots of other reasons. And yeah, they're hot
in their own way....
But it'd be so great if those weren't the standard.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/02/22/ladypornday-bdsm-can-be-love-sex-too/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] Body Chemistry and S&M
This was originally published in 2011. I don't normally write basic ""how-to"" posts like
this, but every once in a while I see a gap I just have to fill.
* * *
Body Chemistry and S&M
I often think that good physical health is a widely-ignored element of good sex. I am
obviously not saying that people in poor health can't have good sex (and in fact, I
certainly hope they do -- more power to 'em). But it consistently amazes me how much
my physical health factors into my sexuality, especially S&M. I am by no means an
expert on this topic, but here are some examples:
* Food. I am both less interested in sex and in S&M when I'm hungry; ensuring that I've
eaten well before I take some punishment is especially crucial. I try to eat well in general,
but if I'm planning to have a heavy S&M encounter, I don't cut myself any slack. I try to
specifically ensure that I eat enough protein before the date and I try to include some
vitamin-heavy foods like beets, leafy green vegetables, etc. Eggs are a good source of
protein; nuts, beans and tofu are my primary protein sources. If I don't have enough
protein available for whatever reason, I at least eat enough food that I won't be hungry
when I see my partner.
Part of the reason I'm writing this right now is that I've had trouble finding useful
resources on the Internet for what people recommend as good pre- or post-S&M food,
especially during aftercare. ""Aftercare"" is an S&M term for how people end their S&M
encounters. One excellent page on aftercare describes it thusly:
Aftercare is the last act of the SM drama. It is the culmination, the pulling together of all
loose ends, the finishing touches, the final communion between sharers of the SM ritual,
the phase where the participants (usually the tops) formally give the fantasy scene a
context in everyday reality. Its technical purpose is to transition both players from the
elevated states created in a scene [i.e., an S&M encounter] back into normalcy,
returning to the motor control and awareness they will need to drive home once the
scene is over. But as any good SM practitioner will tell you, it's much more than that. It
is the time after the action when the participants come together in mutual affirmation
that something special was created and shared. It is when affection and closeness is
offered and sought. It is, at very least, the proper time to express thanks to the person
who has shared this tiny segment of your life with you. It can be, and often is, the most
beautiful part of a scene, and it is part of the scene. To skip it altogether is as rude as
having dinner at a friend's house and then bolting once you've eaten your fill.
A lot of tops keep food and water on hand to give bottoms at the end of a scene, which I
think is probably a good idea. (Eating post-scene doesn't feel necessary for me as a
bottom, but it might if I weren't so careful about what I eat beforehand.) Some people say
that fruit or fruit juice is the way to go -- and indeed, it will give the bottom's system a
sugar boost and may make them feel better for that reason -- but I would personally rather
eat a protein bar, and I have some friends who feel the same way. Dungeons usually serve
snacks, although the snacks aren't always very healthy.
A final note on food: I know there are people who specifically include food deprivation
as part of their S&M. Obviously, this is totally fine by me as long as it is consensual, but
I'd encourage people not to expect themselves -- or their partners -- to react the way they
usually do to S&M, as long as they're hungry.
* Weight. I used to be much scrawnier than I am now, and as my health has improved,
I've gained weight. Sometimes this freaks me out (it's impossible to be female in our
society and not daydream about having cheekbones that can stab people), but it has been
worth it. One time, after I'd been having a lot of anxiety about weight gain, my thenboyfriend
emailed me the image of an art card printed with the words, ""I gained 30
pounds... & sex has never been better!"" He perceptively wrote: ""Maybe that's why it's
easier for you to have orgasms now? I think you should investigate this if you try to lose
weight.""
I am not in a position to comment about whether being overweight affects sex. But I can
definitely assure you that being underweight is not good for your sexual well-being.
* Sleep. I much prefer to have S&M encounters on days when I've gotten a lot of sleep
the night before; this is at least as crucial as eating well before an encounter. There are
approximately a billion studies that show the far-reaching effects that getting enough
sleep can have on our health, and they seem to usually recommend around 7-8 hours as a
good amount per night (more for teenagers).
As with food, I know there are people who include sleep deprivation as part of their S&M
encounters. Again, this is obviously fine by me as long as it is consensual, but I'd
encourage people not to expect themselves -- or their partners -- to react the way they
usually do to S&M, as long as they're tired. I don't know about you, but exhaustion
certainly makes me erratic and overly emotional. If you're going to be doing something
like S&M that can specifically create an erratic and overly emotional state... well, when
overlapping that with exhaustion, it just seems like a good idea to be careful.
* Alcohol. Alcohol definitely decreases my pain tolerance (quite dramatically in fact),
and it definitely makes it harder for me to get turned on. There is only one bonus to
alcohol, and that's the famous ""social lubricant"" effect. I personally prefer to limit myself
to one glass of wine, maaaaybe two, if I'm planning to hook up with someone; in general,
stone-cold sobriety is my preferred state to go into S&M. Good S&M makes me high
enough on its own.
I get the impression that some people get drunk before they do S&M because otherwise
they feel too anxious to do S&M. As always, I'm not going to tell other people that they
shouldn't do consensual things... but drunkenness frequently makes it hard to
communicate and hard to know what's going on in your head, which means that
drunkenness makes consent hard. Not impossible, just hard. Be careful.
A lot of people say that mixing substances and BDSM is always bad. Personally, I figure
that if a person has a lot of experience with a given substance, and a lot of experience
with a given BDSM act, and a lot of experience with their partner... then I kind of doubt
they're taking a huge risk by doing a familiar BDSM act with a familiar partner in a
familiar state of mind. It's a lot to deal with at once, and again, it's worth being careful.
And of course, substance abuse problems are a whole nother ballgame. But if a person
has been drinking a glass of wine with dinner every night for 10 years, then I'm not going
to tell her that I consider her incapable of doing BDSM after dinner.
I am not qualified to comment on non-alcohol drugs because I, of course, never do
anything illegal. But for all your drug-related questions, the website Erowid.org is often
very useful.
* Illness. I don't have any particular observations about how being sick changes my
experience of S&M, but it definitely does. When I get sick and I have the option to
reschedule a date, I always do.
* Aaand finally, menstrual cycle. I haven't tracked my cycle with enough care to know
exactly how it affects me S&M-wise, but I'm pretty sure it does. As one of the good
people at EduKink once observed, ""The great part about playing with a woman is that
you have 28 different partners, one for each day of the month!""
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/01/30/body-chemistry-and-sm/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] Going Under
This was originally published in 2011. People have asked me whether there's any actual
research out there on the altered states that some people access through S&M; as far as
I know, there isn't. It's also worth noting that a lot of dominant partners go into another
kind of ""zone"" that's sometimes called top-space.
* * *
Going Under
""Come back,"" an S&M partner said softly, the other day, pushing my hair out of my eyes.
I blinked and shook my head in a futile attempt to clear it.
""That's weird,"" I said. ""Someone else used to say those words to me when I was coming
out of subspace. I... that's weird.""
""I'm not surprised,"" he said. ""It's a natural thing to say to you. You go under so fast, and
so deep. You're so far away.""
""Not all the time,"" I said. ""And not with everyone. You're good at putting me there.""
He smiled. ""You bring it out in me.""
Subspace is so hard to describe. I've written about it before, in passing, so many times,
because it's so important, but I've never come up with a good description for it; and when
I Google for it I can see that other people have the same problem. When I'm starting to go
into subspace it's just soft and dark and slow. But when I'm really far under, I'm totally
blank. Falling. Flying.
Somewhere else.
Come back.
What is it, where do I go? It's just submissive, masochist headspace. But I don't always
get into subspace when I submit, and I don't always get into it when I take pain either. I'm
not sure what the other ingredients are: some amount of trust, of course. And strong
feelings about my partner make everything more intense... way more intense. Orders of
magnitude more intense. Still, I've had new partners put me under with surprising
thoroughness.
It's a lot like deep sexual arousal -- hard to think, hard to process, hard to make decisions
-- but the deepest sexual arousal does not put me anywhere near deep subspace. Deep
subspace is. More. Than anything else.
Some S&M teachers tell people not to drive after an S&M encounter, not for a while; not
until you're over the subspace. They compare it to an altered state, like being drunk.
Some S&M teachers caution that it's dangerous for the dominant partner to suggest a new
activity in the middle of an S&M encounter -- something that wasn't negotiated
beforehand -- because the submissive may not be able to think clearly enough to consent.
(And because in those moments, the submissive will have a harder time than ever saying
no.)
I sometimes think that when I was younger and less experienced, I abandoned myself to
subspace more easily. I'm better at pulling myself out of subspace now, but I think the
cost may be that it's harder for me to really get into it. (Safety first?) I trained myself to
be able to say, ""Don't stop,"" when I wanted my partner to keep going. (Sound easy? Trust
me, it took a while.) Playing with unfamiliar partners, I trained myself to be on guard.
(One of my sex worker friends told me once, ""I don't care how deep the subspace is, I can
always come out if the client tries to fuck me without a condom."") I got better at calling
my safeword before I had to -- asking my partner to do something else or give me a
break, rather than suddenly stopping everything once I hit my absolute limit.
I am nowhere near perfect, of course. In particular, I can rarely answer complicated
questions, and sometimes my partners literally can't get me to answer any questions
when I'm subspaced. Sometimes it takes me a long time to come out, and partners may
get nervous while I'm surfacing. But I'm not sure these aspects can actually be eliminated
from subspace. And I've gotten better.
I'm sure that in an emergency, I could talk and function straight out of heavy subspace. I
doubt I would be optimally intelligent and thoughtful, however.
When I was younger, I'd get frustrated with my partner if he tried to ask me questions or
clarify things or otherwise check in with me when I was in subspace. Damn it, can't you
see I'm not here? Can't you see I'm under? Don't drag me back -- Intellectually, I
understood that my frustration was unreasonable, and I did my best to train myself to deal
with the check-ins. To surface quickly, slip back under afterwards. But I had to
experience subspace from the dominant side before I understood how hard it was to deal
with.
I remember sitting with my arms around the submissive and occasionally asking him how
he was; in response, he would murmur and snuggle up to me. Ten minutes. Twenty
minutes. I was processing my own dominant experience, and I had questions; I'd
occasionally ask one. He'd murmur something softly. After a while I really wanted a
glass of water and I thought he'd basically fallen asleep, so I said, ""Hey, I'm going to go
get a glass of water, okay?"" and tried to move away.
""No,"" he cried, and grabbed me. Holy shit, I thought, so that's what surfacing from
subspace can look like from the outside. Suddenly I understood exactly where his head
was at: barely any time had passed for him at all, and he was still drifting up through
velvety layers of consciousness. When I tried to leave, he'd felt sudden panic, a shot of
pure abandonment, no no no you can't, you can't leave me alone when I'm like this,
please I need your arms around me, I need you --
I knew exactly what to tell him. ""Shh,"" I said, ""I'm here.""
A dominant friend once told me that he always informs his partners ahead of time that he
has to move after a good scene, he has to go for a run, and he won't stick around to guide
them out of subspace. I've always wondered how his partners deal with it. Maybe it's
easier if you know it's coming.
There are questions of consent, of negotiating new activities while a partner's in
subspace. Some people have told me they can't even actually safeword when they're in
deep subspace; I can't quite relate to this, but I imagine it could happen sometime. I
myself have occasionally had trouble safewording in the past, but it wasn't ever just
because of subspace, it was because of pride or difficult emotions with the dominant
partner. Subspace did complicate things, but I don't think it was the reason I had trouble
(though it can be hard to disentangle these things). But maybe someday I'll go under so
far that it will be.
I'm not saying it's never okay to push further than you discussed, once they're under -- it's
just important to be careful, and not to do it unless you're pretty sure you can read your
partner... or that they have the emotional wherewithal to deal with it if you push too hard.
Because safety in subspace is a question of emotional safety, more than anything. The
vulnerability and intimacy in those moments can be terrifying. The tiniest change in his
tone can mean the difference between mindless fear and absolute trust. It's so scary, and
so intoxicating, and so weirdly unexplainably glorious.
Come back.
The best part might actually be coming back.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/04/22/going-under/
* * *
* * *
* * *
ORGASMIC ""DYSFUNCTION"":
[storytime] A Unified Theory of Orgasm
At one point during my blogging career, an editor for the iconic feminist publication Ms.
Magazine got in touch and asked me to do some promotion for them. I asked if they
would accept a submission from me, and when the editor said yes, I poured my soul into
this long article about my experiences learning how to have an orgasm. The article was
rejected by Ms., so I went back to my old friend the Internet and got published on the
adorable girl-power site OffOurChests.com. Then it was cross-posted in about a million
places. I would love to get published in Ms., but in retrospect, I'm actually glad that this
piece went out on the Internet instead of being trapped in a print publication. I've
received an enormous amount of positive feedback for this piece, and I'm certain that
most of the young people who tell me it helped them would never have seen it if it were in
a print magazine.
* * *
A Unified Theory of Orgasm
I CAN'T COME.
and it's poisoned
every romance
I've ever had.
masturbating doesn't work. I don't know why. I tried therapy too, but my smart,
understanding, sex-positive, open-hearted doctor couldn't help. drugs while fucking?
check. I date attentive men who only want to make me happy, but no matter how fantastic
they make me feel, I can't get off. and believe me, I like sex. I love sex! how can it feel so
good and not end in an orgasm? I tried experimenting, and I sure do love the kink. it
feels great. but doesn't get me off. I've tried everything. everything.
now I have the best boyfriend I've ever had. but just like every other one, he can't get me
off. big dick? oral sex? tons of foreplay? kink? it's all there. nothing works. I used to lie
to my boyfriends and say it was ok that I couldn't get off. then at least they could enjoy
sex without feeling guilty. but then they'd stop trying, of course. and this one is still
trying... sometimes. I mean, it's clearly never going to work. so I can't blame him for not
having the same passion for trying as he used to. and I keep thinking I should back off.
after all, why put pressure on him to ""perform""? he'll just resent me if I keep asking for
more, even if I'm gentle about it and compliment him and all that. since nothing he does
works. it will never work.
and I try so hard not to get frustrated, but I can't avoid the knowledge that I am fucked
up, I must be broken. I mean, any normal woman would have come by now. so what do I
do? I don't know what I need. do I back off and focus on him? that's what I end up doing,
because I can't face asking for a little more attention in bed anymore. what's the point?
he'll just resent me when it doesn't work again. so I back off. and I can't help resenting
him, just a little, for not noticing how much I'm hurting. and not trying, even if I am
broken, and I will never ever come.
* * *
I. Vaginal Pain
When I wrote the above, I was actually pretty close to figuring out how to have an
orgasm. But I didn't know that. I'd dealt with the anxiety of being unable to come for so
long -- and I'd also recently begun to understand that my sexuality is oriented towards
S&M -- and so anguish just flooded out of me, into those words. I craved S&M, but
acknowledging the craving made me feel like a ""pervert,"" a ""freak."" It contributed to my
already-overwhelming fear that I was ""broken"" because I couldn't figure out how to
come.
There's one thing I didn't mention when I poured out all that fear and shame: I experience
rare vaginal pain -- not every time I have sex, not even most times, but occasionally.
Medical science has traditionally failed to care about how women experience our
sexuality, so very little research has been done on the subject. As a result, it's impossible
to say why I get that pain. Is it some kind of physical problem? That seems likely,
because my psychological comfort level with a sexual encounter doesn't seem to correlate
with whether the pain happens or not. But because female sexuality is often stereotyped
as too mysterious and emotional to be worth rigorous medical investigation, I doubt I'll
ever know for sure.
For a while I was sure I was allergic to semen, because I read a magazine feature by a
woman who said she was. Aha, I thought. I stopped taking hormonal birth control pills. I
made my trusted monogamous boyfriends use condoms. The pain became less common.
Yet throughout that time -- continuing through today -- I still get the pain occasionally,
very occasionally. Sometimes I even feel the pain during encounters that lack vaginal
penetration, so it's clearly not about having a penis in me.
I can push through the pain; I can even have an orgasm, a reflex that feels good yet is
surrounded by not-good; but I can't get rid of the pain entirely. Whenever I think I'll
never feel it again, it sneaks into some sexual encounter.
The semen allergy theory has been ruled out, since I get the pain without semen contact.
That doesn't mean that hormonal birth control didn't have an effect, though -- the pain
was definitely worse while I was taking it. The Pill intersects with sexuality in ways we
still don't understand; one common side effect is that it reduces sex drive. Perhaps the Pill
affected my sexuality in some physical-medical way, worsening the pain problem.
The long and the short of it is that I experience some vaginal pain; the pain is confusing
and hard to predict, and there aren't any good medical resources on the matter. Maybe the
pain points to something unusual about my constitution. Maybe there's a reason it's
harder for me to have orgasms than the ""average"" woman.
But the vaginal pain itself is not overwhelming, on the rare occasions that it crops up.
And the vaginal pain is not even close to the most central issue of my sexuality -- or the
biggest influence on my orgasmic ability.
* * *
II. S&M
I identify my sexuality as BDSM -- a.k.a. kink, leather, fetish, S&M, or B&D. BDSM is a
6-for-4 acronym that encompasses a host of related activities, including bondage,
discipline, dominance, submission, sadism and masochism. And yeah, I'm really into it:
my desires are heavy and overwhelming; I dream of agony, of terrified screams for
mercy. I've gone so far as to describe BDSM as my sexual orientation.
Before someone goes leaping to conclusions, there is a definite difference between ""good
pain"" and ""bad pain."" The occasional pain I feel within my vagina is not good pain; it's
not even interesting. It's just annoying. It's not sexy or enjoyable at all.
Some of us in the BDSM community have felt lifelong tendencies towards BDSM. We
have conversations ending with thrilled exclamations: ""You mean, you tied up your
Barbie dolls as a child too?!"" But BDSM is widely misunderstood and negatively
stereotyped, and thus, many of us also went through periods of rejection. We've
internalized so much anti-BDSM stigma from society that, at times, we freak out. We
deny or erase our BDSM desires.
That's what happened to me when I was in middle school. As my sexuality made itself
more and more evident, my anxiety peaked. I'd been producing secret sadomasochistic art
and stories without labeling what I was doing, but I stopped. I blockaded my thoughts of
violent power-play. I closed it all away as thoroughly as I could.
I still felt sexual desire -- I mean, I was entering my teens, so of course I did. Sometimes I
felt so much desire, like in the middle of some inconvenient class, that I'd have to rest my
burning forehead on the cold desk. I would close my eyes, and breathe deeply, and wait
for the erotic shiver to pass. At home, I'd lie around my twin bed and dream about kisses;
imagine men's hair and skin and touch.
Yet it was hard for me to trace my desire, to take control of it. I thought I had no problem
with the idea of masturbation, but when I touched my own lady bits, I went cold.
Vibrators did nothing but bore me.
I had excellent sex education, thank goodness. I went through a Unitarian Universalist
sex education program that talked carefully about different experiences, that made space
for gay and lesbian and bisexual and transgender and queer folks. I didn't only learn
about sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy and condom usage; I was also
encouraged to explore my sexuality, to value it. But this marvelous curriculum did not
include BDSM and other non-standard sexual identities. Nor did it include much advice
on how to negotiate sexual encounters with my partners. So, although I internalized many
positive and feminist messages about sex, my own sexuality remained invisible,
bewildering and hard to talk about.
When I started having sex around my mid-teens, I liked it -- I liked it a lot -- but it
seemed weirdly lacking. I'd never figured out how to masturbate, so I couldn't show my
partners how to pleasure me. And although I occasionally suspected that I wanted
something like S&M, I didn't understand how far I wanted to go.
A couple of teenage boyfriends tied me up... but then they acted solicitous and went
down on me, which didn't send me over the moon (though it was fun). From this, I
concluded that S&M was boring, but the truth is, I hadn't come close to the extremes that
form my preferences. It was years later that I released my need for agony, tears, bruises
and blood.
* * *
III. Frigid
As I got older and had more sex, my apparent inability to orgasm became the most toxic
secret I had. Most of my closest friends didn't know. For a while I thought I must be
""frigid,"" and ripped myself apart over the idea that I was a ""frigid bitch,"" even though that
made no sense. It was ridiculous to conceptualize myself that way -- my sexual desire
was undeniable, unavoidable. But I had no other words, no other images or stereotypes,
that described a pre-orgasmic woman.
When I did tell my friends, it almost never went well. The best-case scenario was a
conversation with anecdotal fragments: ""I knew a girl,"" one friend advised, ""who couldn't
have orgasms. Then one day she was tripping, and having sex, and she fell asleep, and
when she woke up she was having an orgasm.""
I also found a book on my father's top shelf, written by a guy who said he could give
""any"" girl a squirting orgasm. The author claimed that the key was for the woman to be
comfortable. He also claimed that the woman had to not know what he was trying to do.
In fact, the book explicitly recommended that men prevent their girlfriends from reading
it.
Needless to say, it was hard to extrapolate a Unified Orgasm Theory from these tales.
The only things that seemed clear were that I somehow needed to both ""let go"" and to
""keep trying."" But how?
Every once in a while I made the mistake of telling someone who was convinced they
knew the answer -- which was: sleep with them. When I got drunk with one sexually
experienced male friend and asked for advice, he insisted that if I'd just fuck him I'd be
sure to come. ""Anytime you want,"" he slurred, ""I'll give you an orgasm. Guaranteed!""
The fact that I was not attracted to him was, in his view, unimportant.
Worse was my lesbian female friend who declared that I had ""issues."" She said that I
ought to sleep with a woman. Ultimately, she turned out to be right that the problem was
one of sexual identity, but she was wrong that I was a repressed bisexual. Her campaign
to get me to sleep with her ended in a threesome with a guy I had a crush on. I liked bits
of that evening, but most of it was boring -- if not distasteful. When I tried to talk to my
friend honestly about it later, she insisted that I loved the whole experience. She said that
I was merely feeling morning-after guilt. ""You were totally into it,"" she informed me. She
was clearly smug with victory, but angry that I resisted her version of events. I felt
resentful for years.
I didn't even tell my partners about my orgasm difficulties until I'd known them for a
while, because my secret felt like such Restricted Information: I couldn't give it to anyone
I didn't trust. I couldn't abide the idea of ""everyone knowing"" how broken I felt. I couldn't
stand the combination of pity and fascination that my problem evoked in the few who
knew.
When I did get around to telling my partners, that was most complicated of all. I was
quite unpopular in high school, and so I was something of a late bloomer -- boyfriendfree
until my late teens. It took years before I had any confidence in my boyfriend
interactions. And because I had no idea how to come and no idea where to start and little
idea of how to communicate about sex, I could not give guidance about what I wanted.
I also felt paranoid that lovers would resent me if they felt I was demanding something
too ""difficult"" during the sexual ""exchange,"" so I downplayed my feelings. I told awful
lies like ""it's not a big deal that I can't come"" -- lies that broke my heart as I spoke them,
but felt safer than the truth.
I did manage to have one orgasm in my teens -- one. I'm still not sure how it happened. It
occurred one evening when I was incredibly tired, but went out with friends to get a
fudge brownie sundae anyway. When I got back, my boyfriend came over and wanted to
have sex, and I let it happen -- despite being tired and uninterested and full of sundae --
because I had not yet internalized the notion that my boyfriends wouldn't hate me if I
denied them sex. I was barely present during the act, but I jolted into awareness when I
realized I was having an orgasm. Afterwards, exhaustion overwhelmed me and I fell
straight into sleep -- so deep that my boyfriend was unable to wake me.
This was puzzling and hard to analyze. What aspects of my singular orgasm should go
into my Unified Theory... and which aspects were irrelevant?
The chocolate? Well, chocolate is arguably a mild drug, and drugs help some people
come. Also, there were studies that found mild aphrodisiac qualities to chocolate. So
maybe.
The position? The position had felt really good but was somewhat awkward, and I felt
weird asking my boyfriend to reproduce it, so I didn't let myself think about the position.
(I'm much better at communicating with my partners now.)
What about the exhaustion? It made sense that being very tired might help me ""let go.""
But I hadn't been very turned on or enjoyed the rest of the encounter, mostly because I
was so exhausted; and I didn't want to deliberately force myself to have sex while tired.
So while the exhaustion might have been a factor, I filed it under ""less-than-useful"" as
well.
I didn't worry about the problem too much for a while, because I figured that now that I'd
had one orgasm, surely it would become easy. I didn't tell my boyfriend it had happened,
either, because I didn't know how to describe exactly how. I thought I'd figure it out as
we went along, and then I would tell him exactly what it took.
Unfortunately, it wasn't that easy. Months and years passed without replicating the
incident. Anxiety began seeping back. My Unified Orgasm Theory was not doing well.
My fear of being perceived as ""demanding"" during sex and relationships was at a
ridiculous extreme back then. For example, I'd heard over and over that boys don't like
girls who are ""high-maintenance,"" so I told my boyfriends that I never wanted them to
buy me flowers. I thought that men would feel relieved that they didn't ""have to cater to
me,"" but they were just puzzled. (One responded by buying me fake flowers.)
Because of the awful shaming stereotypes around cunnilingus, I sometimes refused that
too. I couldn't believe that the boyfriends who were willing to go down on me were
actually enthusiastic about it, enjoying it -- and when my anxiety became too painful, I
inevitably stopped them. I always stopped them long before I stopped enjoying the act,
because I was so scared that they hated it, and hated me for wanting it. I was scared that
they resented me more and more, the longer they did it and I didn't come. My fear crept
up my spine and twisted around my heart until I had to make them stop.
Sometimes I felt trapped between love and disgust, like with the boyfriend who
constantly complimented me on how great in bed I was, but who seemed unaware of how
much I felt missing. The worst was when he went off on a rhapsodic list of my wonderful
qualities ending with: ""... and I don't even have to worry about giving you an orgasm!""
He didn't see the bind he was putting me in, the awful self-suppression and self-wounding
that he encouraged. He seemed unaware that I heard him telling me: ""You're great in bed
because you are constantly disappearing your own needs, and never asking anything
complicated of me!""
In fairness, I wasn't giving him any guidance on how to do better with me. In fairness, I
had no idea what kind of guidance to give.
They had their own social programming, and I didn't communicate well. But sometimes I
still have trouble forgiving my early boyfriends.
* * *
IV. The Fight
Not all my boyfriends were willing to do as little as going down on me. One, in
particular, resisted very strongly; never did it at all. This was an especial problem because
he was one of the men I've loved most in my life, and our relationship lasted for years. I
think well of him when I think of anything other than sex. But when I remember having
sex with him, I feel echoes of sick panic and heartbreak.
By the end, every time I slept with him I felt nothing but disgust.
He seemed to prove all my fears: that the men in my life would loathe and resent me if I
tried to discuss my confusion and desperation; that they would loathe and resent me if I
asked for help with my sexual needs. Towards the beginning of our relationship, I tried
asking him (very timidly) to go down on me, and he simply refused. In later
conversations he insisted that cunnilingus was ""too degrading,"" an assertion he made with
a weird lack of irony, given that I was going down on him regularly.
As the years passed, my frustration deepened and I started thinking about experimenting
more sexually, but I was terrified of mentioning it. I didn't know what I wanted to
experiment with -- I really believed that I'd ""already tried"" BDSM, and that I didn't like it
-- but his initial rejection of mere cunnilingus didn't make me feel confident.
Finally, I got to the point of directly asking for sexual experimentation, and we had the
worst fight ever.
I recall that our relationship was somewhat rocky already. One of my journal entries from
that time contains the sentence, ""I can't seem to not make him angry when I'm trying to
discuss our relationship."" For this particular fight, we were sitting in his room reading
when I scraped together my courage and asked for his help in figuring out my sexuality.
""Well, what do you want me to do?"" he demanded.
""I don't know,"" I said, ""but I think there must be some way to find out -- I don't know,
there have to be books?""
""That's ridiculous,"" he snapped. ""I love you, but I'm not going to read books in order to
figure out how to have sex with you.""
It got worse from there. I was crying within the first few sentences. At one point, he
outright shouted at me ""I don't care about your satisfaction,"" at which point I said, ""You
can't mean that,"" and he repeated it. Eventually, I simply turned around and walked out of
his room. I had nowhere to go; it was a long train ride to visit him, and the trains had
stopped running that day. It was mid-winter, and freezing cold. Crying, I put on my coat
and shoes and exited the house, onto his suburban street.
I walked completely at random. I was hardly able to see. Fortunately, because it was so
cold, no one else was out and about. I muffled my sobs by bowing my head into my
collar. After fifteen minutes, I discovered my cell phone in my pocket and tried to call my
best friend, but she didn't answer. I was still walking around crying an hour later, when
she returned the call.
She calmed me down and got the story out of me. It was the first she'd heard about my
inability to orgasm, and she didn't know how to advise me because she didn't have the
same problem. Also, it was obvious to both of us that trying to communicate with my
boyfriend wasn't working. It was obvious that there might be no way to successfully
communicate with him on this topic at all.
Eventually, after she'd managed to quiet me into a trembling jellylike mass, my friend
said gently, ""Okay, hon, you need to hang up and go back inside."" She was right. So I
did.
When I stepped back into my boyfriend's room, he was still reading. I could sense from
the texture of our silence that he felt bad, though. I was exhausted, I felt like a stiff breeze
would blow me apart, but I told myself that I had to set a line. I was sure my voice would
waver as I made myself say: ""If you're going to tell me that you don't care about my
sexual satisfaction, then I can't do this anymore....""
""I never said that,"" he said softly.
I closed my eyes. He would do this sometimes, insist that he hadn't said words I was sure
I'd heard, and it always made me feel like I had gone insane. I knew he'd said it. I'd even
responded with, ""You can't mean that,"" and then he'd repeated it. But I felt so tired. It
had been hard enough to start the conversation. Hard enough to walk around the streets
crying for hours.
Maybe I really did misunderstand him somehow; I've been over those moments in my
head a million times, and I don't know anymore. Maybe I misunderstood. Or maybe he
was falling into a classic pattern of emotional abusers. Maybe he insisted that I was
hallucinating in order to confuse me out of protesting: abusers do these things because
they work.
What I do know for sure is that when he halted the conversation with a flat denial, I
couldn't bring myself to even try to talk about it again. Couldn't bring myself to resume
the conversation. But I also couldn't bring myself to break up with someone I loved so
much. We talked about other things instead.
And, of course, nothing about our sex life changed at all.
When my best friend called me the next day to check in, I said, ""Well, he says that he
didn't say what I thought he did.""
Her silence echoed with disbelief.
""Maybe I just... didn't understand what he actually meant,"" I said, but my words sounded
weak even to my own ears.
""Maybe,"" she said doubtfully, but she didn't press the issue.
Even after that fight, I continued dating that man for a long time. I look back now and I
can't imagine how I did it.
* * *
V. Men's Perspective
The gendered societal pressures that affect men are worth discussing, and worth
analyzing, and I often do just that. There is undeniable pressure on men to ""perform""
sexually, for example. I try to have sympathy for men who feel this pressure -- but it is
difficult sometimes, because its major effect on my life has been to silence me. To make
me feel as though I couldn't ask for anything sexually. As though I couldn't express my
needs without hurting my boyfriend's feelings or making him angry.
And even now, when I talk about this stuff, I am as vague as I possibly can be about the
exact timeline. The last thing I want is for people who know me to read this and know
exactly when I started having orgasms. I don't want anyone to know exactly which
partners ""couldn't perform."" Because I know those men might feel it as a social
punishment, and as much as I hate the dynamics at work, I can't hate the men who were
part of them. They had their own social anxieties and their own blind spots and if I didn't
understand what was wrong, how could they?
I recently had dinner with a former partner. At one point we found ourselves having a
very explicit conversation, and I mentioned that I've figured out how to come. He looked
sad and apologized: ""I'm sorry I was never able to get you there."" I had no idea what to
say.
* * *
VI. S&M, Redux
I finally came into my BDSM identity around age 20. At first, when I was faced with the
fact that I wanted to be hurt until I cried and begged for mercy, I freaked out. I had no
idea what to do about BDSM, no idea how to feel about it. The only thing I knew for sure
was that I'd found something I really needed. But what did that mean for me, when I was
also trying hard to be an independent, rational feminist with self-esteem and integrity?
It took me years to parse out my thoughts on feminism and BDSM, to feel comfortable
with BDSM, and to talk openly and comfortably about it. During that process, I got better
and better at finding partners who were interested in my sexual desires and willing to
experiment. I also got to the point of reading sexuality advice books on my own,
including books specifically on BDSM. (For recommendations, please check the notes at
the beginning of this book.)
And I gritted my teeth, forced down my anxiety, and looked into books about the female
orgasm.
One book that came highly recommended from Amazon.com was Lonnie Barbach's For
Yourself. By the time I was halfway through the first chapter, I was crying because what
she wrote felt so true. At the end of the first chapter, I put it down and was never able to
pick it up again. Barbach wrote compassionately about experiences very similar to mine
-- for instance: [Are you afraid to talk to your partner about your problem] because
you're embarrassed to ask for what you want at a particular time; afraid your partner
will refuse, get angry, or feel emasculated?
But she also ended the first chapter this way: You have to assume responsibility and be
somewhat assertive. Our culture has taught us that a woman should depend on a man to
take care of her, which means she can blame him for any mistakes. It's nice to be driven
around in a car, but it's also nice to be able to drive yourself so you can go where you
want to, when you want to. But to do that, you'd have to assume some responsibility.
It was the same ""let go"" and ""keep trying"" advice I'd been coming across for years, except
that now it was wrapped up in a nice package of assumptions about me: implications that
I wasn't assuming responsibility or being assertive. I felt like she was telling me that I
chose to depend on a man to take care of me.
Maybe it would have been okay if the rest of the chapter hadn't been so miserably true,
but the combination of reading a bunch of truth about how I was feeling -- then being told
that I wasn't trying hard enough, that I was choosing to avoid responsibility.... It was
toxic.
I also had the bright idea of asking my gynecologist. The doctor rolled her eyes as I
spoke, then told me that the problem was obviously my partners. When I insisted that I
needed more guidance, she referred me to a center that gave orgasmic dysfunction
""evaluations"" at $1,500.00 a pop. I was earning $7.50 per hour at the time. I didn't go.
I got up my nerve and talked to my mother, who had been extremely helpful and caring
when I came out to her about BDSM. During the BDSM conversation, I'd been scared --
then I felt immense relief as Mom told me that there was nothing wrong with me, and
reassured me that I wasn't ""giving up my liberation."" When it came to orgasms, though,
she seemed unsure of what to say. She did at least tell me that she, too, couldn't come
easily, which made me feel a little better.
Most helpful was the therapist I found on the Kink Aware Professionals list -- an online
list of doctors, lawyers, and other professionals who believe they understand alternative
sexualities such as BDSM. I tried one therapist who didn't seem to get it, but the second
therapist I saw was wonderful. He helped me through an enormous amount of my BDSM
anxiety. The orgasm problem was thornier, but he didn't make any assumptions, and he
did listen carefully, which was more than most people did.
My therapist gently encouraged me to get a second opinion about my how my body
worked, from a new gynecologist. Irrationally, I didn't. I suppose I still felt crushed by
how the first gynecologist had reacted. I also hoped I'd learn to come as I explored
BDSM more -- which turned out to be true.
* * *
VII. Figuring It Out
In retrospect, I recognize that I went through a brief period where I had orgasms
sometimes -- weak ones. But the orgasms were hard to hang on to because they happened
during sex with my boyfriend. This would be the same boyfriend I described at the
beginning of this piece, when I wrote: now I have the best boyfriend I've ever had. but
just like every other one, he can't get me off. big dick? oral sex? tons of foreplay? kink?
it's all there.
Now I see, in retrospect, that not everything was there: neither of us had questioned our
sexual assumptions, our societally-determined sexual scripts. And one of the biggest
sexual scripts is that sex ends with the man's orgasm. That the man's orgasm is the goal.
It's very hard to think around these scripts. It's very hard to even be aware of them. So,
since my paramount goal during sex was obviously ""satisfying my man,"" I often pushed
my orgasm away due to my focus on him. I knew that if I came then I'd feel tired and less
interested in sex (at least for a while). And obviously, if he were to have his all-important
manly orgasm, I couldn't go falling asleep on him could I? I couldn't even pause to
mentally process my sensations if he seemed to be enjoying himself, now could I? Plus,
once he'd come, I certainly couldn't expect him to stimulate me any more than he already
had, because he was tired; he'd just had an orgasm!
(These days, one of my #1 judgments of whether a new partner could be good for me is
this: if I didn't come before he did, then does he take a moment post-orgasm to catch his
breath, and then turn to me and smile and offer to do what it takes?)
In the end, figuring it out was almost anticlimactic.
I saw an online video from sex educator Betty Dodson called ""Did I Orgasm?""... and I
realized that I'd been occasionally having weak orgasms already. I was also
experimenting more and more with BDSM; simultaneously, I put more and more power
into the hands of my fantasy men; and once I had compelling private fantasies to feed on,
I couldn't help masturbating. Here was the key: initially, I'd felt that masturbating in itself
involved having too much control over the situation. And that's not how my sexuality
worked.
Oh yes, in practice I take responsibility for my pleasure; and now I'm pretty good at
clearly discussing what kind of role my partners will take ahead of time, describing what
they'll do with me. These days, I sometimes take the dominant role, too. But even now,
it's hard for me to come if I feel like I'm in control.
On some level, even if it's the most tissue-thin fantasy, I usually have to convince my
emotional-sexual self that I'm not in charge. It helps if I have an emotional connection
with whoever I'm fantasizing about, too. If I don't have an emotionally involved romantic
partner, I seem to automatically create BDSM-themed fantasy worlds with hilariously
ornate storylines. Years ago, it never occurred to me that I couldn't reach orgasm because
my internal characters weren't compelling or my plotlines weren't dramatic enough... but
sometimes it's true!
In my case, I believe that BDSM is the key to my sexuality. It is as close to the core of
my sexual identity as I can get; close enough that, like some other BDSMers, I
occasionally call it my ""orientation."" But I don't think BDSM is like that for everyone,
and I don't even think that's the whole story with me -- because during the whole time,
this self-discovery process, I was doing things like eating more regularly, keeping a
healthier diet, putting some weight on my previously stick-thin frame, and exercising
more. Health plays a big role in any kind of sex, and it's important to think about. Still,
even now I can't come without some thread of dominance and submission, even if it's an
entirely internal fantasy that I imprint on whatever is happening.
When women ask me for advice on how to have orgasms, I feel helpless because there is
no ""one true way."" I don't want to fall back on the old ""let go"" and ""keep trying"" that I
received -- it's decent advice, but it's so vague. Perhaps something more useful would be
this: first, it really helps to have an idea of what you want. I know this can be hard in a
society that soaks us with sexual images designed for stereotypical men, rather than
images for women (and especially not for non-normative women like myself). And I feel
so aware of how patronizing and useless the ""you aren't in touch with your sexuality,
that's why you can't come"" argument can be. Remember, I had that argument used against
me by my lesbian friend. But it was, in fact, kinda true for me -- just in a different way: I
need BDSM.
If you're not sure what you want, don't panic. Just keep your eyes and ears open, and try
to monitor your reactions. It may surprise you. If it does, don't worry -- just research it!
No matter how unusual your sexuality, there is probably information on the Internet
about it. (And even if your sexuality is unusual, odds are it's not nearly as unusual as you
think it is.)
I often refer to my personal favorite sex education website in the entire world: it's
Scarleteen.com, a grassroots feminist effort with an amazingly comprehensive
perspective. Scarleteen has an incredible impact on many, many lives. Sometimes I read
it just for fun!
Secondly: it may help not to prioritize orgasms. I am not saying orgasms aren't important;
I just don't want the importance of orgasms to wound you, the way it wounded me. For
me, it is helpful to imagine sex as a journey. For me, it helps to focus on having fun
throughout, instead of doing what it takes to reach the ""goal"" of orgasm. If you're not
taking pleasure in the journey -- or at least indulging some curiosity -- then why keep
going? Why not stop and try something else?
Experimenting sexually in an open-ended way has been, for me, the most productive
possible attitude. And in fact, once I knew how to make myself come, I discovered that --
though it's helpful to be able to attain that release if I really want to -- orgasms aren't
actually my favorite part of sex! There are lots of other things I like better.
It's also worth noting that our definitions of ""orgasm"" are fairly narrow. Some research
indicates that there may be other ways to conceptualize orgasms than the stereotypical
genital-focused approach.
Thirdly, although it's possible for a person to explore sexuality on her own, relationships
can make or break the process. We all make some compromises for romance. But when
we compromise, we should know what we're compromising, and we should think about
whether the compromise is worth it.
For me, sexual exploration and satisfaction are incredibly important -- but it took ages to
develop the courage to put my foot down about them. After my boyfriend shouted at me
that he didn't care about my sexual satisfaction, it took me an embarrassingly long time to
end things with him; I really was in love, and we'd been together for years. But my
sexuality wasn't even close to a priority for him, and breaking up with him was one of the
best decisions I ever made.
After ending that relationship, I was able to build my self-confidence and self-esteem
with new boyfriends surprisingly fast -- and my boyfriends helped me more than they
probably know. I owe countless small debts to men who accepted my inability to orgasm,
took my anxieties about it into account, and sometimes gently pushed me to try new
things.
One particular guy comes to mind: I told him I couldn't come, but that I wanted to
experiment with S&M, so we arranged to buy rope and some painful equipment. During
our conversation, he gently drew me out on my history, and then he said, ""You know
what I think we need to go along with this rope? A vibrator.""
I blinked and said hesitantly, ""I don't know, I've never really liked vibrators."" But I was
willing to try it again, and that's when I learned that vibrators are awesome. That's when I
learned that what I really need is to convince myself I'm not in charge -- that once the
correct fantasy is in place, vibrators make everything easy.
Even today, few things make me happier than a man who grasps the tension I still
sometimes feel about ""being demanding"" or ""asking for too much."" I communicate with
straightforwardness that amazes most partners, but it's crucial for them to understand that
I still have hesitations. That even I, sometimes, need a moment to articulate what I want
-- or need to be asked whether there's anything he can do.
Lastly, and most importantly: don't let go of your boundaries unless you're sure you're
ready. If you really don't want to do something, you don't have to make yourself do it.
I'm writing this because when I was growing up, all the sex-positive work I read
encouraged exploration at the cost of boundaries, and I think that's wrong. There were
times when that attitude hurt me -- for example, I did things I didn't like because people
claimed I hadn't yet gotten over my sexual ""issues,"" like my lesbian friend in college.
And I know that attitude has hurt other women, too.
I don't like seeing sex-positive feminism equated with making oneself freely sexually
available. Exploring sexuality does not mean you have to ignore your warning bells.
Sexuality is so complicated. Sex cannot be reduced to bodies, or hormones, or
psychological stereotypes. Sex cannot be reduced to certainties, to shoulds and
shouldn'ts. If I could destroy every force in our lives that drives home ideas of sexual
""normality,"" I would. Which leads to my final piece of advice: don't let me tell you
what to do. This is just my experience, just my ideas. As with everything, I want you to
do whatever feels right for you -- as long as it's among consenting adults.
* * *
VIII. Study Questions!
Here are some things that might be interesting to reflect on:
1) What questions do you have about your orgasm?
1a) Where have you researched the answers to those questions?
1b) Have you ever discussed those questions with your partners?
2) What questions do you have about your partners' orgasms?
2a) Have you ever asked your partners about their orgasms?
3) What's one thing you wish you'd said in bed to a partner?
3a) What would have made it easier to say it?
4) What are your favorite sexual acts? Are there other ways you could perform them?
5) What's the best sexual experience you remember? What made it great?
6) What's the hottest thing you've seen or read? What made it great and are there ways
you could participate?
7) Does anything from this article resonate with you? What?
* * *
Here is a tangential footnote on issues of manliness:
When this article was first posted, a guy grabbed the first comment on the version that I
posted to the feminist blog Feministe, protesting that I clearly don't get the men's side of
this equation. I don't usually get super angry about comments on the Internet, but in that
case I did, and I had to take a while to calm down.
There was a mild comment fracas. Eventually, in response to that guy, I wrote:
I worked really hard on this article to try and note both:
A) how men's perspective might make this difficult for them, but simultaneously
B) why men's insecurities aren't actually an excuse for men to treat women badly.
In my experience women are actually extremely aware of men's insecurities. Women
frequently silence themselves and put up with a lot of crap because we are afraid of
""emasculating"" our man, as I specifically noted in the article.
Given that this was an article about:
1) a woman's experience,
2) and what it's like to be a woman,
3) and why this issue is difficult to take on as a woman,
4) and why women shouldn't allow men's insecurities to shut us up...
... can you see why I would avoid putting a lot of text towards describing men's
insecurities in loving detail?
Now. With that having been said....
One of the guys in the Clarisse Thorn Manliness Brain Trust (tm) emailed me with some
thoughts in the wake of this article. Once again, I want to emphasize that I don't want
anyone to feel that they ""ought to"" give a crappy partner ""another chance"" if that partner
is treating them badly. I spent years giving a terrible boyfriend millions of second
chances because I kept telling myself that he was just ""insecure."" Walking away from
that oh-so-""insecure"" man was one of the best choices I ever made. Nonetheless, I
think that the following comment from my Manliness Brain Trust (tm) friend might be
useful for some people:
When I first saw this post, my first thought was that I have to pass it on to a couple of the
people I'm involved with, who have difficulty reaching orgasm because it's an awesome,
awesome article. My second thought was that it seemed like Clarisse didn't really grok
the guy's side of this exchange.
Somewhere among 5th, 7th and 9th thoughts, was the notion that I'd be a jerk to raise
that point in the comments. This article is a great reference for women working through
difficult climax issues and there's no need to drag the conversation off to the guy side of
the experience... So I sent Clarisse an email about it instead. Because the thing with
Unification theories is that they're never all the way done. And things could have been so
much easier for Clarisse if her boyfriends didn't suck. Maybe some insight into why they
sucked would help with the ongoing development of the model, or at least provide some
eased management strategies.
The thing is, I don't feel attacked or diminished or anything else by this article. Despite
the fact that I'm a guy, I have insecurities and I can in some places see a stupid,
obnoxious mirror of myself in Clarisse's dumb ex boyfriends -- that isn't at all why I
thought I should talk about the topic more with the author. It just seemed to me like
Clarisse hadn't quite got her head around what the guys were going through with their
side of this interaction. Where their insecurities came into play.
In my head, I see a young woman, working through her own issues with orgasms reading
this, and seeing her young boyfriend reflected in Clarisse's past relationships. And the
take away from Clarisse's experience at the moment seems to be that if your boyfriend is
insecure and stupid, maybe he's not the right person to work through this with you. And
I'm not sure that's doing anyone any favors. I mean shit, maybe that is what you should
take away from reading this -- that the guy you're with isn't the right person for you right
now if you're struggling with difficulty achieving orgasm. But maybe there are other
stories going on as well. Maybe he's insecure about his role and his failings (or his body
or whatever) and maybe he could be the right guy to work through this with you, if you're
the right person to work through his insecurities with him?
And please, please don't take that to mean let things slide because you don't want to
emasculate him. I'm not for a moment advocating putting up with nonsense because he's
a guy with a precious male ego. But lots of guys, certainly including myself, have
personal insecurities, about masculinity and about sexuality, and attached to the
perceptions of masculinity in sexual situations. As a guy, we're all taught that real men
don't give head -- or at least that it's a private thing that we don't admit too -- which is so
fucking stupid, but is still really out there in heteronormative western male culture. We're
all taught that getting a woman off is our job, and to be a good man, and a good lover,
we have to get our partner off before we get off. I don't know a single sexually active guy
who has never felt humiliated because he came too early, and too early is largely defined
as before our partner gets off. And we're all taught that real men get their partners off
with nothing but the awesomeness of our cocks. Hand jobs/digital penetration are fine
for highschool or fore play -- but our image of a good man, and a desirable lover doesn't
integrate with those things. We're coached by pop culture and porn to believe that the
guy every woman wants is the one who sticks his cock in and makes her explode with joy
from the very first thrust. And any time that doesn't happen, the guy is at fault.
And again, to stress my position here, I think all of those things are stupid, illogical
nonsense. But those are the pressures that are on guys. And maybe, if the guy that you're
with is struggling to work through your orgasm issues, maybe it's because he's so far
under the weight of his own insecurities that he doesn't know how to cope with his own
issues, and be a supportive partner to work through yours. But the thing about a good
relationship, is that together you're stronger than the sum of your individualities. Maybe
as a couple, you can work through his insecurities and your orgasm difficulties at the
same time. Nobody's problems exist in a vacuum, and sometimes finding the support you
need is easier if you just fix the support you already have.
I posted the comment in response to the other dude's Feministe comment, and there was
some discussion afterwards -- including some guys saying that they never got any memo
about cunnilingus being ""not manly.""
Here's my wrap-up: sympathy is good. Trying to build a better relationship is good. And
I understand that some people may have serious, important reasons that they can't or don't
want to walk away from their romantic partner. (That's one of the things feminism has
always worked towards: giving people many sources of support and safety nets, so people
can leave abusive partners if necessary.) But. Seriously, if your partner sucks? Walking
away is an option -- it's even an option, sometimes, when you think it's not an option. Just
remember that.
* * *
This post can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/10/31/a-unified-theory-of-orgasm/
* * *
* * *
* * *
BOUNDARIES:
[storytime] I'm Not Your Sex-Crazy Nympho Dreamgirl
This was originally published in 2011 on GoodMenProject.com, and it got a lot of
attention. I think the feelings I outline in this piece are shared by a lot of people, and that
they're one of the reasons people often get angry about porn. But as I said in ""BDSM
Can Be 'Love Sex' Too,"" I don't think restricting porn is the answer to these feelings. I
think the answer is encouraging people to be honest, yet respectful and flexible about
their desires. For many people, mainstream porn seems to function as sex education --
and that can be a real problem, because mainstream porn shows a very specific
stereotype of sexuality. But if more people had better and more complete sex education,
then more people would recognize that mainstream porn is a very limited and particular
product, and they'd also recognize that most people aren't interested in actually enacting
that style of sexuality. I also think porn probably receives an unfair portion of the blame
in these debates. It's possible that the current ubiquity of porn is partly to blame for ""sexcrazy
nympho dreamgirl"" anxieties, but there are plenty of other stereotype sources in
our culture -- I wish that all the people who talk about banning porn would also talk
about banning romantic comedies!
* * *
I'm Not Your Sex-Crazy Nympho Dreamgirl
There's this cultural image of what it means to be female, and good in bed. The image
includes being young and thin and cisgendered of course, and that can be problematic.
But it also includes a lot of behavioral stuff: the way you squirm, the way you moan,
being Super Excited about everything the guy wants to do, and Always Being Up for It --
whatever ""It"" is. When people think about ""good in bed,"" for a woman, that's often what
they think.
Here's a short list of some things I think are totally awesome:
+ Squirming and moaning during sex in a genuine way, out of genuine pleasure!
+ Acting Super Excited when your partner wants to do something you're actually Super
Excited about!
+ Being up for sexual experimentation and trying new things, while keeping track of your
boundaries and saying no (or calling your safeword) to sexual things you really don't
like!
Those things are great. They're great when they happen in all kinds of sex, and I have no
problem with how people experience or deal with with those things -- whether people get
them from vanilla or S&M sex, or porn, or sex with multiple people, or queer sex, or
whatever. All consensual sex is fine with me. (In particular, in pieces like the one you're
about to read, I often have to make it really clear that I'm not anti-porn. OK? I'm not antiporn.
Got that? Say it with me now: Clarisse Thorn is not anti-porn. Yay, it rhymes!)
What scares me, however--what continuously gets my goat, what still occasionally makes
me feel weird about sex -- is how easy it is to perform those three things I listed above.
Because I have always, since before I even started having sex, known exactly what I was
supposed to look like while I had sex. I don't even know how I internalized those
images: some of them through porn, I suppose, or art or erotica or what have you; some
of them by reading sex tips on the Internet or hearing the ones whispered to me by
friends. But I can definitely assure you that before I had any actual sexual partners, I
knew how to give a good blowjob. I also knew how to tilt my head back and moan, and I
knew how to twist my body, and I knew what my reactions and expressions were
supposed to look and sound like -- I knew all those things much better than I knew what
would make me react.
There was a while there, where my sexuality was mostly performance: an image, an act, a
shell that I created because I knew it was hot for my partners. I'm not saying I was
performing 100% of the time -- but certainly, when I was just starting to have sex, that's
mostly what it was. And, scarily, I can put the shell back on at any time. Sometimes it's
hard to resist, because I know men will reward me for it, emotionally, with affection and
praise. It's much, much more difficult to get what I actually want out of a sexual
interaction than it is for me to create that sexy dreamgirl shell: hard for me to
communicate my desires, hard for me to know what I'm thinking, hard for me to set
boundaries.
And hard to believe that a guy will like me as much, if I try to be honest about what I
want. Honesty means that sometimes I'm confused, and sometimes we have to Talk
About It; honesty means that sometimes I say no, it means that sometimes I'm not Up For
It. Something in me is always asking: Surely he'd prefer the sexy, fake, plastic dreamgirl
shell? It's not true, I know it's not true, I swear it's not true -- I don't have such a low
opinion of men as that. I know this is just a stereotype, the idea that men are emotionally
stunted horndogs with no interest in how their partners feel.
So sometimes, I have to fight myself not to perform. But it's worth it -- because the
hardest thing of all is feeling locked into an inauthentic sexuality. I tell myself, I try to
force myself to believe it: even if a guy would like me more for faking and holding back
and being so-called ""low-maintenance"" -- I tell myself it's a stereotype, but even if that
stereotype is true of some men -- no man is worth doing that to myself. No man is
worth that trapped, false, sick feeling.
* * *
Being a sex and S&M writer sometimes increases my performance anxiety. Occasionally
I'll meet guys who seem to think I am equipped to give any man the Night Of His Life --
and that this is my goal at all times. Sometimes I feel like I should grab certain guys by
the shoulders and shake them and say, ""I am not your sex-crazy nympho dreamgirl!
I'm a real person and I have real preferences, I do not exist just as your fantasy fodder!""
But if I really like a guy and he's read some of my work, then I feel less irritation than
concern that I won't stack up. It increases the urge to go all Sexy Dreamgirl Shell, rather
than attempting to communicate.
Being a sex-positive feminist, I also sometimes worry that other women will read my
work and it will increase their performance anxiety. I worry that writing about some stuff
I like will be misinterpreted -- that it will lead other women to feel like, gosh, is this
something liberated sex-positive women do? Is this something I ""should"" be doing? With
some things I write, I get afraid that I've contributed to a nightmare world where women
are ""liberated"" only in the sense that we can better perform for men.
I once read a blog post by a radical feminist writer in which she claimed that women
always hate fellatio because it's always degrading and disgusting. She wrote something
along the lines of, ""I say this for the women and girls who believe that they have to do it.""
Part of me felt frustrated by the way she refused to acknowledge that some women really
do like performing fellatio (and many other women don't love it, but don't mind doing it
as long as they have great sex otherwise). In some ways, it felt like that writer was
policing sexuality. But I empathized with her goal: She wanted women who don't like
fellatio to relax; she wanted to help them recognize what they don't like. She wanted to
decrease their performance anxiety.
I'd like to do the same thing, but I generally prefer to speak from personal experience
rather than making claims about others' experience. Accordingly, I've often thought that it
would be great if more sex-positive feminists would make lists of Things We, Personally,
Don't Like. It's not the easiest project to sell, because one of the big goals of being sexpositive
is to destigmatize sexuality and decrease shame. But if we destigmatize sexuality
without encouraging good boundaries, then we're not moving forward; we're just creating
more bad standards.
So hey, here's an example of a common sexual thing that I don't like: swallowing after
giving oral sex. I love fellatio most of the time, and I like it when partners come in my
mouth, but I really hate swallowing. In the past I've found a variety of creative ways to
deal with this problem, some of which were hot (according to me, anyway) -- but usually
I just spit it out in the closest sink. (The reason I don't like swallowing is that it makes me
physically ill. No, I am not interested in your armchair theories about why this happens;
evidence so far implies a physical cause, not a psychological one.)
A more complicated example would be facials. As a sex-crazy nympho dreamgirl, I am
supposed to love all facials all the time, to which I say: Bah. I'm occasionally into
degradation scenes, and facials feel really degrading to me, so there are circumstances in
which a guy can come on my face and it'll be hot -- but those circumstances are rare. I've
got to really respect him and really trust him, and I've got to be really turned on and
excited about whatever scene we're playing out. And if a guy were to give me a facial
without clearing it with me at some point ahead of time? Serious boundary violation. Not
cool.
Have I destroyed your image of me as your sex-crazy nympho dreamgirl? Good.
I think that people of all genders receive a lot of unconscious training about how we can
damage ourselves in exchange for the attention of the opposite sex. By writing about my
own experience, I don't mean to discount the experiences of others. I get that many guys
feel locked into acting confident and dominant, and that lots of guys hate that role as
much as I hate my Sexy Dreamgirl Shell. I get that many women genuinely enjoy
reclaiming the Sexy Dreamgirl image, and making it their own; hell, I do it myself
sometimes. (Yes, I do it myself sometimes. Sex is complicated.)
People of all genders have a hard time figuring out what turns them on. Authenticity is
hard -- and sexual authenticity gets harder when you're feeling low, or you really like
someone and really want that person to like you, or when you feel bombarded with
messages about how you've got to ""compete"" in a harsh sexual ""marketplace."" I believe
that one of the best ways to authenticity is to seek understanding of the pressures on
everyone, and to grasp that everyone's got their own nightmare of the Sexy Dreamgirl
Shell.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/05/27/im-not-your-sex-crazy-nympho-dreamgirl/
* * *
* * *
* * *
BOUNDARIES:
[storytime] Orgasms Aren't My Favorite Part Of Sex, and My Chastity
Urge
These two articles were both written and published at OffOurChests.com after I
published ""A Unified Theory of Orgasm."" The first was a followup to ""A Unified Theory
of Orgasm,"" and the second wasn't, but when I reviewed the two articles later, I
concluded that they deal with fundamentally the same issues and belong together.
Interestingly, when I posted this to my blog, most of the comments didn't come from
women; they came from men who agreed that orgasms aren't their favorite part of sex,
either.
* * *
Orgasms Aren't My Favorite Part Of Sex, and My Chastity Urge
My previous piece ""A Unified Theory of Orgasm"" was really well-received, and a lot of
people have thanked me for writing it. As always, though, there's some mixed feedback
too. And I've been worried about one thing in particular: it seems like a lot of people
missed the part in my article where I said that, now that I've learned how to have
orgasms... orgasms aren't even my favorite part of sex. It's a long article, and I can see
how people would miss that, but I did say it and I think it's important.
It may be ironic that I spent so much time feeling terrible and broken and depressed
because I couldn't figure out how to have orgasms... whereas now I prefer not to focus on
them. In fact, I estimate that most of my current sexual encounters don't include my
orgasm, and very few of my most pleasurable sexual encounters have included my
orgasm.
I'm the first to admit that I don't know everything about sex, and there's a lot that I haven't
experienced. Anything might change. But seriously. The best sex I've had in my life has
been connective and emotional and, for me personally, has frequently involved intense
BDSM. My favorite sex so far? Has also mostly been orgasm-free.
Some people in some sex-related communities have asserted that for maximum amorous
power, it's actually best to limit one's orgasms, because then the contained sexual energy
ends up channeling into a deeper connection with one's partner. I can see that. For me,
another way of thinking about it is that I'm really into being teased -- and I'd rather
experience hours of being teased without an orgasm, than have a quick encounter that
ends in orgasm.
And.... (Oh no, I can already tell this is going to get complicated... but hey, sex is
complicated, so I'll give it a shot.).... Especially when I'm doing BDSM, it can actually be
hot sometimes if I don't have an orgasm. For example: if I go to sleep so turned on that I
can't dream about anything but my partner, and then I wake up in a damp mess, and then
my partner makes my life difficult all morning, it's pretty awesome. (Although it's very
nice that I know how to give myself orgasms now, because that means that if I'm really
feeling overwhelmed by my own sexual energy, I know how to give myself release if I
have to. You know, like... if I need to get some work done.)
Aaaaand... here's the most painful, ridiculous, circular irony of all. Ready? Here goes:
now that I'm capable of having orgasms, I've found myself occasionally having orgasms
only to satisfy my partner. How absurd is that? Plus, I know I'm not alone, because I've
talked to other women who do the same thing!
I've written before that in the past I've felt trapped by fake plastic ideas of ""what hot girls
look like during sex""; I've written about how the pressure to ""perform"" my sexuality can
hurt. What has amazed me, as I've gotten older, is just how pervasive that pressure can
feel with some partners... and how little pressure there is with other partners. The
question of how to create a low-pressure environment for sexuality to flourish is big and
complicated, so let me just say here that although I'm all about people giving each other
orgasms... it's no good if my partner's desire to give me an orgasm turns into pressure for
me to have an orgasm!
Scarleteen, my favorite sex education site, has a great article about ""squirting"" orgasms
and how some women feel pressured to ""squirt"" for the sake of the sexual ""novelty."" On a
similar note, I'll close this post with an anecdote about a guy I dated a while back who
was very focused on giving me orgasms. To his credit, he figured out how to make me
come very quickly. But the problem was that -- I soon realized -- the biggest reason he
wanted to make me come was because he wanted to feel like he could.
Fundamentally, it wasn't about my pleasure; it was about him feeling like ""the man.""
Let me be clear: he was a great guy, and I was into having sex with him. But it became
very obvious to me that if I didn't have an orgasm every time we had sex, then he would
be really bothered. So there were definitely a few encounters where, although I wasn't
especially interested in having an orgasm, I still closed my eyes and flicked through
fantasies with a kind of panic... until I managed to kick-start my body into coming. Isn't
that messed up?
One thing I've learned, in years of writing about sex and gender, is that anything --
anything at all -- can be a tool for limiting or stifling sexuality... just as much as it can be
a tool for releasing sexuality. Turns out, orgasms are no exception. Even orgasms can
become a difficult duty. I'm so glad that I know how to have an orgasm now; for me,
that was an important step for my sexuality and my self-esteem. But now that I've
learned how to do that, I find myself questioning why it's such an important and
destructive issue in the first place!
Sex is a journey. There are so many directions, so many forks in the road, so many stops
along the way. There are so many speedbumps and roadblocks, uphills and downhills,
free and easy open stretches. Sometimes people stop to rest. Sometimes people double
back. Everything is evolving. A lot of people find it most awesome to simply... enjoy the
road.
* * *
When I was in my late teens, I had a couple straight lady friends who did this thing where
they took a year of chastity... although they had already had a fair amount of sex. It
wasn't that they thought sex was bad. It wasn't that they especially disliked sex. It wasn't
that they regretted choosing to have sex previously. But these women felt powerfully
drawn towards taking a year away from sex, a year where no sex happened in their lives...
and I instinctively understood because I felt the same urge. In fact, I came up with the
idea of deliberately taking a year of chastity on my own, before I heard that anyone else
was doing it.
I'm not telling you this because I want to sound like one of the ""cool kids""; I'm not trying
to say anything like, ""I was into chastity when it was underground!"" As it happened, I
never actually went through with my chastity urge. But I thought about it a lot, and I
thought about the fact that other girls I knew were doing it. We didn't have backgrounds
that one would normally consider anti-sex. We had liberal backgrounds, liberal parents,
liberal educations. Why were we so attracted to the idea of taking a year without sex?
I thought about it a lot, and I concluded this: We felt like we didn't own our sexuality.
We felt like our sexuality wasn't for us. Or at least, that's how I felt.
Even though on the surface it looked like I was totally in charge of my sexual decisions,
there were social pressures and expectations that made me feel overwhelmed and
confused. Not always, and not all the time! But enough that there were plenty of times
that I just felt like all I wanted to do was stop and be done with it... ""take my body back""
from a world that seemed intent on constantly telling me how I must look, how I must
dress, how I must have sex.
I've written about how much easier it was for me to learn how I ought to look and
""perform"" while having sex, than it was for me to learn what I actually wanted from sex.
That, I think, is where the chastity urge came from for me. That, and the way I kept
finding myself making out with guys who I had zero interest in because it was ""too
awkward to say no."" Or the way I didn't feel like I could decide not to have sex with my
boyfriends; not because I didn't think my boyfriend would listen if I said no, but because
his potentially hurt feelings seemed so much more important than my bodily preferences.
So many things about the way I was having sex seemed to have nothing to do with me.
And if sex had nothing to do with me... then why was I doing it? I guess I wanted to
reassure myself that I could take control of at least one thing: saying no.
Eventually, I got a better handle on my sexual preferences and began to learn how to talk
about them. It was a long process, and my sexual journey is far from over (yay!). There
were people who showed me what it meant to have a low-pressure sexual relationship;
there were people who made it easy for me to talk about sex; and there were other people
who made it easy for me to turn them down, sexually, which was just as important.
But one interesting thing during the beginning of my learning process... especially given
that I now really emphasize and encourage talking directly about sex... was that I felt like
a couple of my boyfriends really, really didn't want to talk about sex. And while
sometimes this was clearly terrible and toxic, sometimes it felt good. It felt safe. I wanted
to be sexual, but I also felt so much pressure to be sexual that it sometimes felt like a
huge relief to just... ""not worry about it.""
In retrospect, though, I think that the ""safety"" I felt when I didn't talk about sex with
certain partners was a mirage. It was a false safety, sustained by a carefully crafted
mutual fiction of the relationship. When we ended up talking about sex later, ""giving up
that safety"" just made the conversation unnecessarily scary and weird. And the
independent illusions we each had about our sexual relationship flourished and grew
strong within our silence. Those illusions were so much harder to release after months of
self-reinforcement than they would have been if we'd dragged them into the light from
the beginning!
Occasionally, I wonder how it would have felt if I'd taken that deliberate year of chastity.
I wonder which of my early experiences would have changed; I wonder whether a year of
chastity would have made me feel more comfortable with my sexuality sooner. I'm very
happy with how I feel sexually now. I sometimes feel confused or overwhelmed, but I
think I'm okay at handling that and even talking about it. Yet I do wonder how it would
have felt to draw such a strong boundary; to say such a strong ""No"" to the world and its
messed-up sexual expectations.
* * *
This post can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/02/02/orgasms-arent-my-favorite-part-of-sex-and-mychastity-urge/
* * *
* * *
* * *
BOUNDARIES:
[theory] Anger, Fear and Pain
I wrote this post in late 2010. The comments on the online version are especially good,
with a lot of people sharing their own experience of these emotions in S&M encounters.
So if you have an interest in the topic, this is a good post to review online.
* * *
Anger, Fear and Pain
I like pain. I like submission. What do these things actually mean, though? I don't like it
when I stub my toe, for example, and there are quite a lot of authoritarian situations I
don't like either. My emotional reactions, in particular, can get really complicated. So I
need more precise words than ""I like pain"" and ""I like submission.""
This is not a new problem, and around the BDSM subculture there are more precise terms
that are frequently used. But when I was first exploring BDSM and didn't yet have access
to the community, I started coming up with my own vocabulary for what I liked and what
I didn't like. The primary words I came up with -- words that I still use a lot in my own
head, and that I sometimes try to explain to my partners -- were ""clean"" pain and ""dirty""
pain.
I think of some pain as ""clean"" because even if it's intense, I usually... like it. (For lack of
a better word.) This is the kind of pain I fantasize about when I'm really craving BDSM.
There are certain places on my body that take pain more cleanly -- my upper arms, most
of my back, my thighs. There are certain types of pain that are inherently more clean --
needles come to mind. Wide, deep, blunt bites are good too. Heavy whips made of
weighty materials, like suede. Pulling my hair right above the nape of my neck.
On the other hand, I think of some pain as ""dirty"" because it's... harder to take. I don't
think of it as dirty because I see it as scandalous or perverse -- rather, dirty pain is
complex and hard to process. I never fantasize about it. Pain where my bones are close to
the surface of my skin, like my collarbone, is dirty. Pain on top of scars is dirty. Pinches
and small, narrow bites are dirty. Pulling my hair anywhere besides the nape of my neck
is dirty. Electric shocks are extremely dirty.
But this whole ""clean"" and ""dirty"" thing, it doesn't make any sense outside my own body,
my own head. It's hard to explain it. It helps that the BDSM community tends to frame
pain in terms of techniques and less-subjective adjectives, using words like ""sharp"" or
""sting"" or ""thud."" (A lot of people think of ""sharp"" and ""sting"" as the same sensation. I
usually separate them a bit more, but I'm not sure how many other people separate them.)
The BDSM and polyamory writer Franklin Veaux defines ""thud"" as ""sensation of heavy,
dull impact"" and defines ""sting"" as ""sensation of quick, sharp pain."" These words are
most often applied to floggers (implements for hitting people, e.g.: ""this is a thuddy
flogger""), but sometimes the words are used for other things too. I've found that I
generally prefer thuddy-type pain, for example, but it took me a long time to figure that
out, because there are so many specific sharp sensations that I love.
Okay. Now for emotions. This is the really hard part.
A while back I got an anonymous comment on my coming-out story that I absolutely
love. Here's a quotation from the comment:
When it came to it, very little about the reality [of BDSM] matched my fantasies. Oh,
sometimes what we did matched the way a real-life even can match a fantasy. There were
moments that were... Transcendental.
But there were many more moments that... were deeply, deeply conflicted. I NEVER
expected to feel that much... anger... toward someone dominating me and inflicting pain.
I expected it to be a relief. I didn't expect to wrestle with hatred.
He liked to slap my face. Everytime he did it I would feel this burst of pure hatred. At one
point he asked if I liked it. I said, ""No. I hate it. But I don't want you to stop doing it.""
I can't remember right now if any other ""coming out"" story I've ever read included such a
visceral description of anger. Of course, I think the last time I read one I hadn't
experienced it myself. Maybe I never noticed it before, but noticed it this time because it
resonated with me. But mostly I remember those stories mentioning fear, shame, worry,
and embarrassment.
The events in my coming-out story took place years ago, and my feelings about BDSM
are really different now. I remember that I was conflicted, furious, resentful. But at the
same time, I have often thought that much of my anger and resentment was due to the
fact that Richard -- my first intense BDSM partner -- was not emotionally available. I
needed support that he didn't give me. (To some extent because neither he nor I
recognized how much support I needed.) And, of course, much of that anger was due to
the fact that I couldn't deal with BDSM. I was fighting back against my sexuality, and felt
unable to take ownership of it.
As I settled my feelings and reconciled myself to my sexual identity, my emotional
reactions became a whole different ball game. (It helped that I dated a string of men who
were more emotionally available and assisted me with emotional processing, too.) It
turned out that the rage that I had suspected was inextricable from BDSM was, in fact,
entirely possible to separate. I entered a stage where I learned how to avoid that anger. To
work around it. I learned to sink myself into fear and desperation, which I love, and
which are easier to work with.
I experimented with different types of submissive play. One thing I've learned is that it's
almost impossible for me to feel submissive unless someone hurts me. (There have been
exceptions, but they were definitely exceptional.) The BDSM community has lots of
jargon for interpersonal emotional encounters, but those words usually describe actions or
scenarios rather than feelings, like ""public humiliation"" or ""domestic servitude"" or
""sexual slavery."" So I had to learn which emotions are associated with which actions, and
that's complicated too, though some things are just obvious. Some people really get off
on public humiliation, for example, but that's a strong and instinctive limit for me
because it makes me extraordinarily angry. (There have been exceptions, but they were
definitely exceptional.)
I got better at calling out my safeword when I had to. Yes, I think it's hard to use a
safeword, especially when you're new... for all kinds of reasons: you don't want to
disappoint your partner, and sometimes it's hard to realize that you need to safeword,
because it's very difficult to keep track of how you're feeling in the moment... but I also
think that calling a safeword when you need to stop is a skill that you can get better at,
much like other kinds of boundary-setting. So I became fairly practiced at calling my
safeword when I needed to. If I started feeling very angry, I got good at halting the
encounter, or shifting the emphasis to something else instead.
As I gained a more precise understanding of my physical reactions -- clean pain and dirty
pain -- I figured out that there are differences in emotional reactions, too. Loosely
speaking: clean pain makes me feel afraid and submissive, whereas dirty pain makes me
mad. (Though this isn't always true. I hate spanking, for example; it irritates me; but it's
pretty clean pain. And it might be worth noting how much I hate tickling... but that
doesn't hurt.)
If the dirty pain is hard or unexpected enough, I can't seem to control lashing out. I fight
back without even thinking about it (which often functions just fine as a way of
renegotiating the encounter, in itself, without safewording). If it's mild? I just get
annoyed. But if it's intense... I don't just struggle, I attack. I leave marks on my partners.
I learned to avoid dirty pain, usually. I learned to circumvent anger, usually. I had once
seen anger, and dirty pain, as maybe being an unavoidable cost of BDSM. I once
suspected that I might never be able to have a BDSM relationship where I didn't feel
anger, where I didn't feel pain that I didn't want. I was wrong. Those things aren't
unavoidable costs. They can be worked around.
But now.... Yes, now! We've reached the part of the entry where Clarisse makes
statements about her current self and potential future actions that may or may not be true
and should be treated with caution, because she is an evolving and complicated human...!
Now that I've built up all these frameworks, I've had a few encounters lately where I
felt... a lot of anger. Sometimes connected to dirty pain; sometimes not. And I didn't stop.
I watched how I was feeling and I dealt with it while it was happening, and it was... worth
watching. It was hard to take, oh, it was so hard to take. But it was also intense and
fascinating.
I've heard from a few other BDSM submissives that they like feeling anger during their
encounters, that they need anger in order to get where they want to go.
If I follow the thread of anger, now....
Where will it take me?
* * *
This post can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/12/26/anger-fear-and-pain/
* * *
* * *
* * *
EVOLUTION:
[theory] Sexual Openness: Two Ways To Encourage It
This was written in 2010, and it amazes me how I've changed since then.
I don't like to talk about people being ""further along"" in their sexual experimentation
than others; people are simply in different places, based on their preferences and
experiences. I look at this piece now and I think that maybe it would be better-written if
I'd tried to talk about sexual evolution in a more neutral way. However, it's undeniable
that when I was younger, I often felt like I was somehow ""held up"" or ""inhibited,"" and I
no longer feel that way about sex. And I do think that in general, lots of people want to
explore but aren't sure how to overcome their own hesitance and psychological blocks.
Some of them even write to me for advice, and I can only tell them what worked for me:
the approach I outlined in this post.
* * *
Sexual Openness: Two Ways To Encourage It
I've been thinking a lot lately about the factors that went into my sexual evolution. People
have always seen me as sexually open-minded, and I had an extraordinarily liberal
upbringing... but at the same time, I think I spent a long time surprisingly buttoned-up.
Part of it was the men I fell in love with, the partners I had. Monogamy felt right to me,
and that effectively meant that once I was in a relationship, it was hard to explore
sexuality beyond what my lovers were comfortable with. I've often looked back in
frustration at sexual shame and inhibitions that I feel were imposed on me by some past
partners. But at the same time, there's no denying that -- even when my partners were
relatively inhibited -- I was with those men partly because I felt comfortable with
them. I recall conversations in which I felt frustrated at a lover's unwillingness to explore
or discuss certain things... but I also recall times when I felt relieved that they were
willing to leave those things alone.
How did I evolve through that balance and come into the place where I am today, where
my sexual boundaries have shifted dramatically? I'm up for trying things just to see what
they're like; I routinely have fantasies that would have appalled me in my teens; and I
routinely have orgasms as well.... But why is it that, for example, I'm very interested in
having multiple partners now, but wasn't at all interested a few years ago? Why did I
initially swear I'd never wear a collar, then end up associating collars with profound
sexual love? How is it that I initially considered myself solely a submissive but later
transitioned into an enthusiastic switch (i.e., both a sub and a domme)?
Here are the two factors that, I think, facilitate sexual evolution and openness:
1) A pressure-free environment
This is key! A person can be pressured into sexual exploration, but in my experience it
won't ""take."" Many people (though not all) who feel pressure react by becoming
defensive and unwilling to change; even if they do try the experiment, they're less likely
to enjoy it. And someone who has a bad sexual experience will often have trouble
enjoying that kind of sex in the future.
Take me, for example -- there were a lot of reasons why I felt less willing to experiment
with polyamory (multiple relationships) when I was 20, but one of the big ones is that I
felt lots of pressure to be poly. Because I ran in highly ""alternative"" social circles, I was
meeting ""polyvangelists"" who argued that polyamory is the ""best"" kind of relationship
and that anyone who doesn't want to try poly is just being selfish or close-minded.
General social pressure exerts an influence, so it helps to have open-minded friends
who accept different forms of consensual sexuality -- which doesn't just mean that
""vanilla"" people would do well to accept those of us who are ""non-standard,"" but also
means that even people in ""alternative"" circles have to accept ""mainstream"" sexuality.
But in my experience, the actual sexual relationships are the most relevant aspect of
life that must be sexually pressure-free. They're also one of the most difficult,
especially when the stakes are high: if one or both parties are helplessly in love, if they
are married, if they have children, if they live together... then it becomes very hard to
make the relationship pressure-free. A husband who is afraid that his wife might leave
him is more likely to do sexual things for her that make him uncomfortable because he
wants her to stay, for example -- even if she doesn't ask him to. A girl who is totally in
love with her boyfriend is more likely to acquiesce to sex that she's not really into,
because of course she wants to please him -- but she is simultaneously unlikely to tell him
outright that she's not into it.
And then there's the fact that what feels like ""pressure"" for each person will be different
depending on that person's triggers, the relationship, and the time in their life. Today, I
feel totally comfortable setting limits and clearly telling my partner ""no"" if he asks me to
do something I don't want to do... but it wasn't so long ago that I'd feel anxiety-inducing
pressure to do something if my boyfriend merely mentioned that he liked it. Which brings
me to my next point: there's a fine line between sharing and pressure. One must be
careful when bringing up one's own preferences and desires -- which isn't to say one
shouldn't bring them up! Merely that it's important to recognize that these are difficult
topics, and when we discuss them with people we love or admire, there's lots of potential
for accidental anxious pressure.
Okay, I'm talking pretty theoretically, right? So here's some actual concrete advice on
how to avoid imposing sexual pressure:
* Don't demand that people explain their preferences. A person doesn't have to
explain, examine, or ""figure out"" why they're gay, straight, kinky, polyamorous, or
whatever if they don't want to. Even your sexual partner doesn't have to explain why they
don't want to do something if they don't want to.
In fact, it may be very helpful if you merely make it clear that your partner doesn't have
to explain from the beginning -- because they may feel as if they ought to, even if you
don't ask. I so clearly remember an encounter I had a few years ago in which my partner
asked what I was up for and I said, hesitantly, ""Well, I'm not really up for sex tonight... I
can't really explain it, I --"" and he held up his hand. ""You don't have to explain it,"" he said
-- and I was totally shocked at the gratitude, relief and comfort that poured through me.
I later felt proud and thrilled to ""pay it forward"" when I had my first serious encounter as
a dominant. Towards the end of the encounter, I asked, ""Do you want me?"" and my
submissive stiffened, saying awkwardly, ""Yes, I do, but... I don't want to have sex so
soon, it's just one of my own boundaries, I --"" and I saw how much the words were
costing him. Saw the same anxiety I'd felt once. And immediately I covered his mouth
and said, ""Shh, it's fine, you don't have to explain it,"" and I saw him relax with the same
terrible relief I'd once felt. And then we made out for many hours and it was unbelievably
awesome.
... Of course, sometimes people will want to examine their own preferences, which is
obviously fine! But if your partner or friend is examining for their own mental wellbeing,
that's very different from demanding that they examine to satisfy you. Bottom line:
they don't owe you an explanation, and asking for one may just make them tense up and
feel totally unsexy in all ways.
* Express preferences gently. I once attended an incredible BDSM workshop by the
author Laura Antoniou in which she offered an outline for bringing up your filthiest,
scariest fantasy with your partner: ""Buy ice cream. Sit down at the kitchen table and
describe your fantasy. Then say, 'Don't say anything now. I'll give you some time to think
about it -- now let's eat this ice cream and maybe go out for a movie.'"" I love this advice
because (a) everyone gets ice cream and (b) it's so perfect for lowering tension. And as
Laura said, ""The worst thing that can happen is that they're not into it.""
[Editor's Note: since writing this post, Clarisse went vegan, and she recommends eating
that frozen Coconut Bliss stuff instead of ice cream. The chocolate flavor is absurdly
delicious.]
It's important to emphasize from the start: ""This is something I'm interested it, but it's not
a requirement and I don't want you to do it if you're not into it."" In fact, it might help to
begin by saying those exact words.
And if your partner doesn't want to do something now, it's often worth giving time for
them to grow into the idea. Perhaps by exploring other sexual angles, they'll come around
to yours. I remember that when I was in my late teens, one boyfriend asked me if I'd be
up for a certain kind of sex, and I refused. (He asked very gently, and didn't pressure me
when I said no, which made me feel much safer and happier with him!) At the time I
couldn't imagine ever wanting to do it. Then a few years later -- after I'd gained a lot
more sexual experience -- I ended up asking my boyfriend to try it! I'm convinced that if
my previous partner had pressured me, I wouldn't have come around to it so easily years
later -- and if he and I had still been together, then maybe we would have even done it
together.
... But of course, the difficult part here is that sexual needs are important, and can't be put
on the back burner indefinitely. If you have sexual needs that are being routinely ignored
-- or can't be fulfilled -- by your partner, then it's obviously not desirable to keep gently
saying, ""Don't worry, I can do without this."" Still, I think that if you're approaching
ultimatum territory -- for example, if you are tempted to say that ""If you can't satisfy this
need, then I need an open relationship so I can find someone who can, or else we have to
break up"" -- then it's best to at least state the ultimatum gently, emphasize that you care
about your partner and this is difficult, and steel yourself to act quickly in case you have
to go through with your ultimatum. And, of course, to understand that this could make
sexuality with your partner more difficult if you keep trying to date through ultimatum
territory.
Sadly, sexual pressure can sometimes be simply unavoidable. Sometimes the best we
can do is be gentle, understanding, and prepared to face the consequences.
2) Exposure to new conceptions of sexuality, sexual mentors, and sex education
Many gay people say they're ""wired"" for a certain approach to sexuality, but there's also
others, such as some BDSMers, who consider ourselves to be innately kinky. And we
often say that we would have come to those sexual conclusions and practices whether we
had examples before us, or not. (Even so, it's really helpful to have a community sharing
tips and emotional support, especially when it comes to alternative sexuality. It might
seem like sex will come naturally and obviously, but sometimes non-obvious things can
really trip you up!)
Still, there are lots of sexual ideas are worth exploring and wouldn't necessarily occur to
us if we didn't have examples before us: erotica, pornography, friends and mentors,
workshops and educational materials. Here's some concrete advice on how best to
emotionally access those:
* Find a good mentor, or at least a friend or social group, to talk about sex with --
who you don't want to have sex with. Being able to honestly discuss turn-ons in a
neutral environment is invaluable, as is someone who can guide and advise without
inserting their preferences and desires into the conversation. Naturally, it's entirely
possible to have a good sexual relationship with a sexual mentor -- and sometimes,
mentor (or friend) relationships evolve in unexpectedly sexual ways. But it can be very
useful to take that element out of at least some relationships.
One piece of advice that I love is for mentors to be the same ""type."" That is, for example,
if you're a heterosexual female submissive, it's awesome to have an experienced
heterosexual female submissive mentor if possible.
This post was edited to add the next paragraph: In the comments, Ranai pointed out that
it's not always a great idea to have just one mentor -- and I agree with her. I think it's
helpful to have a range of voices who can give advice, if possible. There's nothing wrong
with trusting one person above others, but all humans have their blind spots, and mentors
are human too. This is one thing I love about the BDSM community, by the way (or at
least, my experience with the BDSM communities I have been part of -- not all BDSM
communities are the same...). In many BDSM communities, there are many cafe meetups
and other low-pressure gatherings that make perfect environments for getting this kind of
advice!
* Not all BDSM -- or porn -- or whatever! -- is the same. If you don't like (or are even
revolted by) something you see, then you can try watching (or reading, or talking about)
something else. Me, I got really excited when I first learned about Comstock Films: Tony
Comstock makes documentaries that show real couples having real sex, and his
documentaries are much more realistic and comfortably sexual than mainstream porn.
And I really didn't like mainstream porn. But then I found that I wasn't that into
Comstock Films themselves, even though I love the idea so much that I screened one of
the movies at my sex-positive film series. So I concluded that I'm just not into porn at all,
and that I'd be better off to focus on written erotica.
But then I finally saw some porn that turned me on at CineKink, ""the really alternative
film festival"" -- and I hadn't even expected it to turn me on! I'd just been watching out of
academic interest! And these days, I find that I'm sometimes turned on by watching the
mainstream porn I tried so hard to avoid in the first place. The moral of the story is
obvious.
The bottom line is that mere exposure to new ideas about sexuality can bring personal
sexual evolution -- and that's awesome. So if you're interested in facilitating your own
sexual evolution, the first thing to do is learn about sexuality by whatever means possible.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/05/28/sexual-openness-2-ways-to-encourage-it/
* * *
* * *
* * *
RELATIONSHIPS:
[storytime] Fear, Loathing, and S&M Sluthood in San Francisco
I originally wrote this and published it at OffOurChests.com in late 2010. If you've read
Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser, or any of my posts that refer to ""Adam,"" then I
probably don't have to tell you which of these men later turned into Adam. But I'll spoil
the mystery for you, and tell you outright that Mr. ThereItIs is Adam. (In this entry, I
named him after the post I wrote when I met him: ""There It Is."")
* * *
Fear, Loathing, and S&M Sluthood in San Francisco
Since I was small, I've loved the Van Gogh painting ""Starry Night."" I loved the cypresses
in particular: winding spiral trees, hallucination trees. They were so unlike other trees I'd
seen that I thought Van Gogh made them up, and so when I first saw cypresses years
later, I was stunned: the hallucination trees had been imported into my world. I'd like to
think that my world turned a little bit sideways forever, when I first saw cypresses, but
I'm probably being melodramatic. (I'm good at that.)
San Francisco has cypresses, and a lot of other hallucinations, too. The city is full of
angles, vantages, transitions, unceasing changing views: it feels, at times, like an
unsolvable puzzle. A forested path leads darkly under a bridge, suddenly opens upon a
manicured lawn with a white lace conservatory. A cement staircase rises through a
narrow outlet, resolving itself step by step into a slice of brightly painted Victorian
facade. I walked once with a friend alongside an ocean road, pacing through thick fog,
and arrived at a dirt path that I insisted on following; thirty seconds later we stumbled
upon extraordinary ruins.
San Francisco. Halcyon city, heartbreak city. Cypress city. The place I come to recover
from being torn apart and, it seems, sometimes the place where I get torn apart again.
This is okay with me, because nothing is more fun than overanalyzing strong emotions. I
am not even kidding.
* * *
I returned from Africa recently; paused briefly in my adopted city of Chicago to collect
my thoughts; and then went to the Burning Man Arts Festival, thence to San Francisco.
This is my version of emotional decompression, and it worked! I feel much more
centered now. But part of decompressing, for me, was specifically going out to a lot of
dates and BDSM parties and pushing my own boundaries, which carries its own potential
decompressable risks.
At the time of this story, it had been a couple of months in San Francisco, and I was
leaving soon. I'd had an assortment of adventures, but there were two guys in particular
who I was excited about. Not necessarily in a long-term way -- I'm not in this for the
white picket fence and the 2.5 kids (or at least, not yet) -- but definitely in a wow-I-haveto-control-myself-or-I'll-come-off-as-kind-of-puppyish
way. New Relationship Energy: it
is such a mind trick, such a delicious head-trip. You are the perfect drug.
I had to control myself less when I first hooked up with The Artist: possibly the most
postmodern individual I've ever met, possibly the most creative, who I've loosely been
friends with for six whole years, and who has never ceased to fascinate me. It is hard for
me to meet people who keep me thinking, but The Artist never disappoints. If anything,
our problem was shifting a cerebral connection into a sexual one: the first time we made
out, I absolutely had to interrupt the proceedings because I'd forgotten to tell him about
this great sociology paper. It was okay to show how much I liked him because we'd
known each other for so long, it was easier to read the situation, easier to allow
investment. Much harder with Mr. ThereItIs, who came out of nowhere, who I barely
knew but had awesome chemistry with. In the beginning steps of this game, you can
never let them smell your fear.
Saturday morning. I'd spent the night with The Artist, was checking my email while he
made breakfast. (He actually likes cooking, which I have trouble comprehending.) I
wanted to plan my week, and texted Mr. ThereItIs to ask when we'd see each other. My
breath hitched as he texted back: he didn't think it'd be a good idea to spend the night
together again, but he wanted to have drinks and catch up. I closed my eyes, made myself
breathe. Remembered how many times he'd pulled back, how much anxiety he'd
expressed about the BDSM we engaged in. I'd tried to make it clear that he was doing
awesomely, but dollars to donuts he was still freaking out about it. I was his first-time
heavy BDSM partner. Why do I keep doing this to myself? Haven't I learned my lesson
about vanilla-but-questioning guys yet?
After giving myself a moment to calm down, I texted back that I was open to getting
drinks, but wanted to understand his motives better before doing so. ""Feel free to email or
text,"" I wrote, ""I can't talk right now,"" then put down my phone and walked into an
intense conversation in the kitchen. There'd been some uncertainty over my last month or
so with The Artist, due to surprisingly divergent relationship priorities. We're decently
matched in terms of being BDSM-identified, and we have so much else in common, but
there were some things I wanted to do that particularly freaked him out, plus he wasn't
feeling 100% comfortable with polyamory. Most of all, I've been surprised by his
emphasis on settling down.
That Saturday, it ended with him deciding it wouldn't work. ""You and I are in such
different places right now,"" he said gently. ""You're still focused on having an interesting
life. I'm not prioritizing that anymore. I would have been a much better match for you
five years ago.""
You're one of the most interesting people I've ever met, I wanted to say, how can you
decide this? The night before, we'd had a conversation in which he'd described how
incredibly stable he wants his life to be. Well-designed apartment, respected job, kids, the
lot. How much he wants to get away from past days, when he thrived among bizarre
subcultures, prioritized art above everything. He doesn't even want to travel! I listened,
heart sinking. Trying to understand. ""Isn't there anything you can't walk away from?"" I
asked.
""S&M,"" he said promptly. ""But that bothers me, because I don't know how I can make it
fit.""
Stability; making things fit. Saturday at breakfast, The Artist mentioned that a friend had
compared him to Alex, the main character in A Clockwork Orange: in the famous ""lost""
21st chapter, Alex decides that it's time to abandon ultraviolence and settle down.
Obviously, The Artist was never even close to being the psychopath that Alex is, but it's
still an instructive parallel. And I, with all my desire to push and stretch myself, with all
the boundaries I'm still seeking to subvert and hack and destroy -- I don't work with the
desire to settle down. I may never work with that desire.
I understood. Of course I understood. I knew intellectually that it wasn't about me, I knew
it was just about the situations at hand, but of course it hurt anyway. Two awesome men,
giving me the same message at once: This is too much, you're too extreme. A matter of
their boundaries. Not about me. Of course it hurt anyway.
""Is there anything else you want to add while we're having this conversation?"" I asked
The Artist finally, as we wound things up.
He thought for a minute, took my hand. ""Well, you're wonderful and beautiful, but you
know that.""
""Do I?"" I asked, and made myself laugh to take the sting from my words.
An aside:
* * *
Occasionally, my mother has tried to convince me that I am at emotional risk in part
because of the fact that I am forward about my sexuality. Because -- I think this is how
the story goes, though she's never explicitly articulated it -- because it means that men
will see me as a disposable toy; the hot edgy girl he likes but would never settle down
with; the whore but not the Madonna. Cute enough to catch his attention and passionate
enough that he'll call her back but ultimately, not ""the keeper"", not the girl he'd have any
loyalty to in the end. I think my mom is afraid that I'll stumble out the other end of this
brilliant razor-edged fluorescent beautiful funhouse that is my ""young and attractive""
years, that I'll come down like a girl falling through a distorted mirrored sheet of glass.
That shards will burst everywhere and I'll collapse, covered in metaphorical blood, and
turn my eyes up to the harsh white stars and wonder how I let men use me and why.
This is the stereotype that I think she's afraid of, on my behalf, the one that comes up on
occasion when she comforts me through heartbreak. My mother is hardly a conservative
slut-shamer, but she loves me and she wants to protect me, so she tells me this. And I'll
admit it -- I fear it too, I feel those anxieties whispering behind me, thrumming through
my veins during times like these. What did I mean to him? Did I matter, did I make an
impression, does he give a damn? Would he be willing to Make A Commitment? He
doesn't care, God, I don't matter, and I was just stupid because God forbid I allow myself
to like or trust a man that I fuck, when everyone knows that men don't ever have feelings
for the women they fuck --
But actually those fears don't make sense, do they -- they don't make any sense at all if I
assume that men are complex humans who want to have relationships but aren't always
sure about it (much like myself), rather than sex-seeking-stereotype-activated-robots. The
fears don't make sense in the context of my own experience, which is full of friends and
relatives and lovers who have been caring, self-aware, honest men. The fears don't make
sense given the fact that very often, I'm the one who prefers not to have a serious
relationship right now, or who can only compromise up to a point.
And the fears especially don't make any damn sense if we assume that I want to pursue
my own goals, my own dreams, my own pleasures, my own sexuality on my own terms.
If we assume that I have no intention of playing by the rules in a world that tells me
women never have our own damn sexual needs; that it's wrong or wicked or dirty for
women to negotiate any sexual exchange for pleasure; that women are meant to trade sex
for ""commitment"" or ""support"" (though, bizarrely, never outright for money). If we
assume that I can get something great from sexual relationships without Being On The
Path To Marriage. That I understand and honor my sexual desires, that those desires are
worth fulfilling in themselves. And if we assume that men have something wonderful
they could bring to the sexual exchange; that they aren't always ""using"" or ""exploiting"" or
""winning"" some kind of sick war-of-the-sexes, every single time they fuck.
But even if the fears don't make sense, sometimes they still come out and whisper at the
back of my neck... I'm selling myself short. As if I should have bargained better, should
have traded my sexuality for far more than ""mere"" pleasure with someone I ""merely""
liked, was ""merely"" attracted to, who ""merely"" respected my boundaries and ""merely""
was fun to hang out with. Would some people see it as ironic that I prefer relationships
with real emotional heft, even when short-term or casual? Even with that said, though,
there is no description of how reasonable, safe, or awesome my relationships are that will
matter to our slut-shaming society -- or to the fears it's hammered into me. Society,
whose judgment of whether a girl is a ""slut"" can be sudden and devastating, stupid and
stereotypical; a lightning strike that lands based on absurd factors like how nonnormative
or straightforward or aware of her sexuality she is. And once I'm a ""slut"" -- if I
dare dance over that ever-shifting line -- then I'm beyond the pale. The world always
seems to be outdoing itself in finding new ways to tell me that once I'm a slut, no man
will ever respect me again.
* * *
I went home. It was raining, all across my cypress city; raining so hard, I had to take the
bus instead of walking. The rain struck me as an insultingly obvious metaphor, as did the
fact that I was scheduled to attend a wedding that afternoon. It seemed strange that
hallucinatory San Francisco would throw such tired tropes at me. (I should have trusted
the city more. It was with me, still.)
I was sad. Not devastated. Just sad, and a little bit scared. I'm such a screwed-up
perverted slut, no man will ever care about me. However, I'm an adult, so I tried to
recognize my emotional baggage, give myself some time to process, then eat a proper
lunch and get some work done.
I took a very dear, very blunt friend out to dinner recently. (Yes, I paid, and yes, he felt
objectified.) Over Indian curries, I tried to explain my fears that All Men (who are of
course a monolith) will pigeonhole me as ""too much"", ""too extreme."" A ""slut."" Whatever.
My friend listened, savoring his delicious lassi as he thought about what I was trying to
say. Then he said, ""Look, you shouldn't worry about it. You're extreme. You're also tall.
You couldn't be un-tall for a man, and you can't be un-extreme. There are men who will
like you just fine for it, so just keep an eye out for those men."" I could detect the edge
under his words: Come on, Clarisse, you're the one who always says that People Are
Different, why do I even have to tell you this? A fair point, but I can't help it -- stories like
this still shake me.
As it happens, though, this story has a happy ending.
I was about to head out to the wedding when I received an email from Mr. ThereItIs:
So my txt was not really well-considered. I was delaying writing you because I've got
mixed and confusing inclinations about all this and was hoping I could figure them out
before writing. So I spent last night drinking too much and ranting with friends about
unrelated topics, which surprise turned out to not have helped me figure my shit out at
all.
I'm just feeling intimidated and uncertain about our kinkiness. On one hand I've been
feeling ""aaa this is weird, run away"". But I'm also feeling like this is fun and new and hot
and fascinating, and I should get over my bs and try it again. So if you can forgive my
impulsive txt and my erratic emotions.... I'm free on your free nights this week.
And if I've spooked you or your schedule has filled up, then I would be disappointed... but
I'd understand. Sorry about the drama. I'm usually drama-free, I swear.
It was amazing how much further my internal anxieties resolved themselves upon receipt
of this email: it was not only concrete evidence that men are human beings who are
frequently just as confused as I am; not only concrete evidence that men are different
from each other, and assumptions should not be made about how they're feeling; but
also, it was concrete evidence that a man (a vanilla-but-questioning man, no less!) might
not inevitably fall into the stereotypes that feed my fears.
I was still a little bit spooked, of course, but I did indeed see Mr. ThereItIs later that
week, and it turned out great. And as I was pulling myself together to leave his
apartment, I raised my eyebrows at him. ""I don't know if I'll ever see you again,"" I said,
fishing. I didn't have any nights open before I was due to catch my plane out of the city,
but maybe some other time....
""You'll see me again,"" he obliged.
I zipped up my backpack. ""I wonder why we have so much chemistry.""
""I don't know,"" he said, ""but I'll read about it on your blog when you figure it out,"" and he
laughed and caught my wrists when I pretended to punch him. It was such a stupidly
adorable moment that I am almost ashamed to write it down, but it was also such a
cypress moment, I've got to mention it.
As for The Artist, we went to a charming museum a few days before I left, and had a fine
old time. There was almost no tension at all. Right before we parted, we inevitably ended
up discussing our brief romance, and the conversation was gloriously friendly. ""No hard
feelings,"" I said as I walked him to the bus, and meant it.
I then tried to walk away from the bus, but it turned at the same corner I did and chased
me down the street. Ack, I couldn't help thinking, so much for a nice clean exit. I was
suddenly possessed by ridiculous performance anxiety, knowing he could see me, so I
paused and took a drag of a passing gentleman's cigarette, and then deliberately
zigzagged away from the bus again.
The Artist texted me fifteen seconds later: ""That puff of a cigarette looked mighty tasty.""
""I needed it to relieve my feelings of being watched from the bus,"" I texted back, then
added impulsively, ""Take care, handsome, and have lots of wonderful children.""
""You too,"" he replied. ""We'll see if I become okay with poly first, or you gain these 'adult'
preferences....""
I shook my head and laughed over my phone, walked home with a spring in my step.
San Francisco had done what I needed it to do.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/04/03/storytime-fear-loathing-and-sm-sluthood-insan-francisco/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] BDSM As A Sexual Orientation, and Complications of the
Orientation Model
The first version of this post was written in 2009. I updated it slightly and reposted it in
2012. The online version includes an evolving set of relevant links at the end.
* * *
BDSM As A Sexual Orientation, and Complications of the Orientation Model
There's a hilarious sticker that you can buy online at a website called TopPun.com. It
shows a list with ""Homosexual Agenda"" written at the top. The list items are: ""1. Spend
time with family, 2. Be treated equally, 3. Buy milk."" (You can also buy a keychain
version.)
I love that because it so perfectly highlights how preposterous all those right-wing
accusations about ""the gay agenda"" are. Actually, gay people just want to live their lives
like everyone else; the to-do list for most gay people looks a lot like most other people's.
In a way, that sticker also highlights some problems with the very concept of sexual
orientations -- the way we sort ourselves into groups based on sexuality and its apparent
innateness. Why do people have to insist on being so different from each other? A
question that sometimes gets raised in BDSM contexts: is BDSM a ""sexual orientation""?
And I have such mixed feelings about that question. I feel intense BDSM as an incredibly
important aspect of my sexuality, perhaps an innate one, but I don't want us to fall into
the same traps that beset homosexuality.
I remember the first moment it occurred to me to consider BDSM an orientation -- the
first time I used that word. I believe I was writing up my coming-out story at the time; I
was discussing the way I freaked out when I came into BDSM, and I wrote: In
retrospect, it seems surreal that I reacted so badly to my BDSM orientation.
I remember that I felt vaguely electrified at what I was saying, a little scared... but also
comforted. At the time, I hadn't had much contact with other sex theorists, and I thought I
was saying something radical. I was scared that my words might appear too radical to be
taken seriously. Also, since our culture mostly discusses the idea of ""orientation"" in
regards to gay/ lesbian /bi /transgender /queer, it seemed to me that -- if I dared refer to it
as ""my BDSM orientation"" -- then a comparison with LGBTQ was implied in my
statement.
Would the world believe that my BDSM desires could be as ""real,"" as ""deep-rooted,"" as
""unavoidable"" as the sexual orientation of a gay/lesbian/bi/transgender/queer person?
Would I offend GLBTQ people by implying that my sexual needs are as ""real,"" ""deeprooted""
and ""unavoidable"" as theirs?
I later found out that some LGBTQ people do get offended by it, and others don't.
Sometime you end up with ridiculous arguments like this one from a comments thread on
an incredibly BDSM-phobic blog: one person says, ""As a lesbian, I would like to say a
sincere fuck you to people comparing BDSM to homosexuality,"" to which another person
replies, ""As a queer person myself, I would like to say a sincere fuck you to people who
claim that I ought to see my BDSM and my queerness differently."" As for me, Clarisse,
I'll be frank with you -- I've come to the conclusion that I don't have a dog in that fight,
and I'm staying out of it. I'm straight as the day is long, but I've also been invited to speak
about BDSM at queer conventions and to write about BDSM on queer blogs. So I'll hang
out with the people who are cool with me, and everyone else can kick me out of their
LGBTQ circles as much as they want.
But I used to feel a lot more worried about how I'd be perceived for talking about BDSM
as an orientation. Still, as weird as the concept of ""BDSM as an orientation"" felt when I
first thought of it, it also felt right. When I looked back at my memories and previous
actions, it was quite obvious that I have always had these needs, desires and fantasies.
Acknowledging this, and applying the word ""orientation"" to BDSM, helped me come to
terms with my BDSM identity.
The ""BDSM orientation"" idea cleared a mental path for me to think of BDSM as a inbuilt
part of myself, like my bone structure or eye color. BDSM became something that it was
desirable to accept, come to terms with... even embrace. It was a hugely liberating way
of thinking about it: if I thought of BDSM as an orientation, that meant I didn't have
to worry about or fight it anymore.
Since then, I've been so buried in sexuality theory and I've talked to so many BDSM
people that -- well, now the idea of a ""BDSM orientation"" seems kinda boring. I am
reminded that it's a radical concept only when I talk to people who don't think about these
things all the time. I think that the idea of BDSM as an orientation occurs naturally to
people who think a lot about BDSM sexuality, because so many kinksters either know
we're BDSM people all along, or instantly recognize BDSM once we find it. Here's a
quotation from an article about a BDSM-related legal case that quotes sexologist Charles
Moser at the end, as he very eloquently describes how BDSM can be considered a sexual
orientation:
When I talk to someone who is identifying as BDSM and ask them have you always felt
this way, and they almost always report that 'This has been the way I was all along. I
didn't realize it. I thought I was interested in more traditional male/female relationships
but now I realize that I really like the power and control aspects of relationship.'
... They are very clear often that, 'my relationships which were vanilla were not fulfilling.
I always felt like there was something missing. Now that I'm doing BDSM, I am fulfilled.
This feels really right to me. This really gets me to my core. It's who I am.'
... And so in the same way as someone who is homosexual, they couldn't really change --
they somehow felt fulfilled in the same-sex relationship -- similarly in a BDSM
relationship or scenario, they similarly feel the same factors, and in my mind, that allows
me to classify people who fit that as a sexual orientation. I cannot change someone who's
into BDSM to not be BDSM.
That's how I feel. Absolutely.
And yet I disagree with Moser on one key point: not all BDSM people are like this. I
know that people exist who do BDSM, who don't feel it the same way I do. They don't
feel that it's been with them all along. It's not deep-rooted for them. It's not unavoidable,
it's not necessary, it doesn't go to their core. They can change from being into BDSM to
not doing BDSM, because it's not built-in; it's just something they do sometimes, for fun.
There are also plenty of people who have equally strong feelings about their BDSM
sexuality, but who have different BDSM preferences from mine. And that's totally okay
with me! I will always say that I've got no problem with whatever people want to do, as
long as it's kept among consenting adults.
But what does the existence of people like that mean for BDSM as an orientation? Are
they somehow less ""entitled"" to practice BDSM, because it's not as deep-rooted or
important to them as it is for, say, me? No, that can't be true. I'm not going to claim that
my feelings are ""more real"" than theirs, or somehow more important, just because BDSM
goes straight to my core but not to theirs. They've got as much right as I do to practice
these activities, as long as they do it consensually.
So, where does that leave us? It means that BDSM is an orientation for some people, but
not for others. I'm fine with that. Does that mean we're done here? Well, no....
... because if BDSM is an orientation for some people but not others, then we're in a bit of
a weird place when it comes to societal recognition. In the case I cited above, Charles
Moser is claiming that we BDSMers can't change ourselves and that therefore, we don't
deserve to be stigmatized for our sexuality.
On the surface, this might seem reasonable, but actually, whether or not people can alter
their sexual needs, there's no reason people shouldn't be able to do what they want
with other consenting adults. If any of us phrase the argument as: ""I can't change
myself, so please don't hate me!"" then we are implicitly saying, ""If I could change myself,
I would... but I can't, so please have pity on me!"" In other words, we are implicitly
saying: ""BDSMers can't 'fix' our sexual needs -- it's not 'our fault' -- so please don't hate
us.""
And when we say that, we are accepting and validating the way our culture tries to shame
our sexuality. We are fundamentally agreeing with the opposition and begging for an
exception, rather than trying to change the rule. We are calling BDSM a ""fault,"" rather
than stating that freely exercising sexuality is our ""right."" When we make BDSM into
an orientation, we are often casting BDSM sexuality as something that we would
""fix"" if we could. But BDSM is not broken in the first place!
Also, using the orientation argument leaves the entire segment of the population that
doesn't feel BDSM as an orientation standing out in the cold. If we go with the
orientation model, and say that it's okay for BDSM-identified people to practice BDSM
only because we feel it as a deep-rooted orientation... then we are implying that
it's not okay for people to practice BDSM if they don't feel it as a deep-rooted
orientation.
Something like this has happened in some gay/lesbian communities: people who have sex
with folks of the same gender, but don't identify as strictly gay or lesbian, have
sometimes been stigmatized within gay/lesbian communities or even disallowed from
gay/lesbian gatherings. I understand that there are historical reasons that kind of thing
happened, and analyzing the phenomenon would take up a whole post. I'm pretty sure
books have been written about it. But the point is that when it did happen, it left bisexual
people -- as well as others who don't fit neatly within the ""gay/lesbian orientation"" -- out
in the cold. And I don't want to support that with BDSM.
So I've tended to avoid that kind of language. I think it is important to move away from ""I
can't help having these needs,"" and towards ""It's fundamentally unimportant whether we
can change our sexual desires; the only really important thing is whether or not we
practice them consensually.""
But...
there's always a but...
I'll admit that I feel anxiety about abandoning the ""orientation model."" I still haven't taken
the word ""orientation"" out of my BDSM overview lecture, because it is useful for
convincing people that BDSM is okay. Many people, at this point, have accepted the
LGBTQ orientation as something that should not be stigmatized. The word ""orientation""
can really help them understand what BDSM means to us and why it's not okay to
stigmatize that, either.
Furthermore, there are obviously people out there (like Charles Moser) who are seeking
to protect BDSM legally, as a sexual orientation. They want to make BDSM a protected
class, so that we can't get fired or have our kids taken away or suffer other consequences
for being into BDSM anymore. If talking about BDSM as a sexual orientation means I
can worry less about those potential consequences, then is it worth it? Maybe.
And, of course, I don't want to forget how much the idea of an ""orientation"" comforted
me when I was first coming into BDSM. It made me feel so much better to recognize
BDSM as an inbuilt part of myself. I don't want to take that comfort away from anyone
else.
So, when I try to campaign for general sexual freedom and acceptance -- ""orientation"" or
no ""orientation"" -- I imagine that I'll still end up using the word sometimes. But I'll
always try to be conscious of it, and I'll always try to speak in ways that support this
statement:
It's fundamentally unimportant whether we can change our sexual desires; the only
really important thing is whether or not we practice them consensually.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/04/09/classic-repost-bdsm-as-a-sexual-orientationand-complications-of-the-orientation-model/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] BDSM ""versus"" Sex
This was originally published in two parts in 2011. I named the first part ""Divide and
Conquer,"" and the second part ""How Does It Feel?"" But as often happens when I split up
my long posts, people were already talking about points that I addressed in the second
post while commenting on the first post -- before the second post was published.
(Unfortunately, my commenters are at least as smart as I am, and they notice when I
leave things out.) I've often struggled with length problems as a blogger. If I could write
posts that are typical blog length, like 250-500 words, then I'd probably be a lot more
successful. But I just can't seem to write short, and since splitting up long posts is a bad
idea too, I constantly feel frustrated by blogging... let alone platforms like Twitter! If you
have clever thoughts for how I can train myself to be a better short-form writer, email
me. Seriously.
* * *
BDSM ""versus"" Sex
Every once in a while, someone will ask me a question about something BDSM-related
that I feel ""done with""; I feel like I did all my thinking about those topics, years ago. But
it's still useful to get those questions today, because it forces me to try and understand
where my head was at, three to seven years ago. It forces me to calibrate my inner
processes. I often think of these questions as the ""simple"" ones, or the ""101"" questions,
because they are so often addressed in typical conversation among BDSMers. Then
again, lots of people don't have access to a BDSM community, or aren't interested in their
local BDSM community for whatever reason. Therefore, it's useful for me to cover those
""simple"" questions on my blog anyway.
Plus, just because a question is simple doesn't mean the question is not interesting.
One such question is the ""BDSM versus sex"" question. Is BDSM always sex? Is it always
sexual? A lot of people see BDSM as something that ""always"" includes sex, or is ""always
sexual in some way."" In the documentary ""BDSM: It's Not What You Think!"", one
famous BDSM writer is quoted saying something like: ""I would say that eros is always
involved in BDSM, even if the participants aren't doing anything that would look sexual
to non-BDSMers.""
But a lot of other people see BDSM, and the BDSM urge, as something that doesn't
necessarily have anything to do with sex -- that is separate from sex.
I see two sides to this question: the political side, and the ""how does it feel?"" side. Both
sides are intertwined; when it comes to sex, politics can't help shaping our experiences
(and vice versa). I acknowledge this. And yet even when I try to account for that,
there is still something deeply different about the way my body feels my BDSM
urges, as opposed to how my body feels sexual urges. I don't think that those bodily
differences could ever quite go away, no matter how my mental angle on those processes
changed.
* * *
The Political Side of BDSM versus Sex
""BDSM versus sex"" could be viewed as a facet of that constant and irritating question --
""What is sex, anyway?"" I've always found that the more you look at the line between
""what is sex"" and ""what is not sex,"" the more blurred the line becomes.
For example, recall that ridiculous national debate that happened across America when
Bill Clinton told us that he hadn't had sex with Monica -- and then admitted to getting a
blowjob from her. Is oral sex sex? Maybe oral sex isn't sex! Flutter, flutter, argue, argue.
It is my experience that (cisgendered, heterosexual) women are often more likely to claim
that oral sex is not sex, while (cis, het) men are more likely to claim that oral sex is sex. I
suspect this is because women face steeper social penalties for having sex (no one wants
to be labeled a ""slut""), so we are typically more motivated to claim that sex acts ""don't
count"" as sex... whereas men are usually congratulated for having sex (more notches on
the bedpost!), so men are typically more motivated to claim that sex acts ""count"" as sex.
(Unless they're Bill Clinton.)
So we already have this weird ongoing debate, about what ""qualifies"" as sex. And you
throw in fetishes such as BDSM, and everyone gets confused all over again. A cultural
example of this confusion came up in 2009, when a bunch of professional dominatrixes
got arrested in New York City... for being dominatrixes... which everyone previously
believed was legal. Flutter, flutter, argue, argue, and it turns out that ""prostitution"" (which
is illegal in New York) is defined as ""sexual conduct for money.""
But what does ""sexual conduct"" mean? At least one previous court had set the
precedent that BDSM-for-pay is not the same as ""sexual conduct for money""... and
yet, in 2009, the Manhattan District Attorney's office decided that ""sexual conduct""
means ""anything that is arousing to the participants""... and then decided that this
suddenly meant they ought to go arrest dominatrixes. It's not clear why the Manhattan
DA did not, then, also begin arresting strippers. And what about random vanilla couples
on a standard date-type thing, where the woman makes eyes at the man over dinner, and
the man pays for the meal? Sounds like ""sexual conduct for money"" to me. Which could
totally be prostitution, folks, so watch your backs.
In his piece ""Is There Such A Thing As Kinky Sex?"", Dr. Marty Klein says that:
If practicing kinky sex makes you ""other,"" not one of ""us,"" if it has non-sexual
implications, if it means you're defective or dangerous -- who wants that? And so as
""kinky sex"" and its practitioners are demonized, everyone is concerned -- am I one of
""those people""? It makes people fear their fantasies or curiosity, which then acquire too
much power. It leads to secrecy between partners, as people withhold information about
their preferences or experiences.
... I'd like to destroy the idea of binary contrast -- that kinky and non-kinky sex are
clearly different. Instead, I suggest that kinky and vanilla sex are parts of a continuum,
the wide range of human eroticism. We all slide side to side along that continuum during
our lives, sometimes in a single week. We don't need to fear our fantasies, curiosity, or
(consensual) sexual preferences. They don't make us bad or different, just human. Some
people like being emotional outlaws. They'll always find a way to get the frisson of
otherness. But most people don't want to live that way. So ending kink's status as
dangerous and wrong, and its practitioners as ""other,"" is the most liberating thing we
can do -- for everyone.
That's certainly reasonable from a political standpoint. I've made similar arguments.
(Some folks, such as the brilliant male submissive writer maymay, also argue against the
common idea that ""kink"" is limited to ""BDSM""; they prefer an expansive definition of
""kink"" that denotes a vaster cornucopia of sexuality.)
Plus, I even suspect that a lot of the distinctions made by BDSMers ourselves are
based far more on stigma than sense. For example, when I was younger, I went through
a period where I couldn't stand to have the word ""submissive"" applied to myself. I
insisted that I was into BDSM solely for the physical sensation, and swore I would never
ever do something solely submission-oriented (such as wearing a collar). It was like I
could only handle BDSM as long as I distanced myself from the power elements; the
power elements carried too much stigma in my head for me to acknowledge them... yet.
I also used to carefully separate ""BDSM"" from ""sex"" in my head. Part of me felt like, ""If
my desire for pain and power is sexual, then it's weird. If it's not sexual, then it's less
weird."" (It looks strange when I type it, now, but I guess that's how sexual stigma works:
it rarely holds up against the clear light of day.) It took me a while to integrate sexuality
into my BDSM practice. In contrast, I once met a couple who told me that it took them a
long time to do BDSM that wasn't part of sex. In their heads, the thought was more like:
""If the desire for pain and power is sexual, then it's not weird. But if it's not sexual, then
it's really weird.""
I've heard of plenty of dungeons where sex is not allowed -- sometimes for legal reasons,
but sometimes because there is actually a social standard against it: people are like,
""Dude, let's not get our nice pure BDSM all dirty by including sex."" (Note: My
experience is primarily with dungeons owned by ""lifestyle"" BDSMers -- ""lifestyle"" being
a clumsy word that attempts to denote those of us who are motivated to do BDSM for
reasons other than money. While there is some overlap between ""lifestyle"" BDSM and
professional BDSM, the overlap can be surprisingly rare, and professional BDSM is often
banned at lifestyle BDSM parties. Lifestyle dungeons are often non-profit organizations,
and often function more like community centers than moneymaking venues. I understand
that some professional dungeons have a ""no sex"" rule out of a desire to protect the
boundaries of dominatrixes who work there, who may not wish to be asked to engage in
sex.)
There are also plenty of cultural groups who do things that look suspiciously like
BDSM... who insist that they have nothing to do with BDSM. For example, I've heard of
spanking clubs whose members get really mad if you dare bring BDSM up in their
presence.
And then there's groups like Taken In Hand, a quasi-conservative organization. Actual
testimonial from the Taken In Hand site:
There are lots of websites for people in the BDSM, D/s, DD (domestic discipline) and
spanking communities. There are websites for people who belong to religions that
advocate male-head-of-household marriage. There are even websites for Christians who
are interested in BDSM. But there are very few websites for people who are interested in
male-led intimate relationships but who are not interested in all that the above
communities associate with this kind of relationship (jargon, clothes, etc.) Some of us
don't even like thinking of this as a lifestyle.
Well, my friend, you know what... you can refuse to call yourself BDSM all you want,
and you can reject our ""jargon"" all you want, and you can ""dislike"" thinking of this
""lifestyle"" until the end of time... and you have every right to insist that we have nothing
to do with you. But when your site has posts that include comments like ""When my
husband behaves in a dominant manner I basically swoon,"" or have titles like ""Don't
forget your whip,"" well... I'm just saying.
Also, since you mention rejecting BDSM ""clothes""? I'll just say that I can be an
astoundingly badass domme in a t-shirt. And I have done so. Multiple times.
Personally, I am particularly frustrated by the stigmatizing idea that BDSM has nothing
to do with love. Sometimes I encounter this idea that BDSM has to be separated from sex
because BDSM has nothing to do with sex, whereas sex supposedly ""should"" be about
love. The truth is that both BDSM and sex are very different for different people,
emotions-wise. Although many people experiment with ""casual BDSM,"" the same way
many people experiment with ""casual sex,"" a stereotype that BDSMers cannot find love
in the act is wrong and absurd.
So yeah. Nowadays, many of these ""BDSM versus sex"" reactions strike me as being born
out of pure, irrational stigma. As Dr. Klein noted, these reactions are usually born of the
terrible human urge to exclude: to find ways to differentiate ourselves from ""those
people."" Humans apparently love to think things like: ""I'm not like those people. It
doesn't matter if I, for example, write extensive rape fantasy fiction! That couldn't
possibly be BDSM! Because I'm not a BDSMer! Because BDSM is dirty.""
But we shouldn't necessarily blame people for this instinct to reject and categorize: the
instinct is one that comes from being scared and oppressed... because the social penalties
for ""getting it wrong"" are high. Remember, those New York City dominatrixes thought
they were ""safe"" from the law as long as BDSM didn't count as sex. But as soon as
someone decided BDSM ""counted as"" sex, those dominatrixes were arrested.
It's just one more example of how sexual stigma for ""different kinds of sex"" is constantly
intertwined. No type of consensual sexuality can express itself freely until people agree
that ""among consenting adults, there is no 'should'."" The Romans, those ancient
imperialists, used to say: ""Divide and conquer."" When consensual sexualities are scared
of each other, we will continue to be conquered. As long as ""vanilla"" people are afraid
of ""BDSM""... as long as ""BDSMers"" are afraid of being seen as ""sexual""... as long
as the social penalties for being a ""slut"" or a ""whore"" are incredibly steep... as long
as sex workers are stigmatized and criminalized... everyone will be bound by these
oppressive standards.
* * *
The Embodied Side of BDSM versus Sex
Although Part 1 was all about how the divide between ""BDSM"" and ""sex"" is often
nonsensical, or purely political, or socially constructed... that doesn't mean that the
divide does not exist. I once had a conversation about ignoring social constructs with a
wise friend, who noted dryly that: ""One-way streets are a social construct. That doesn't
mean we should ignore them."" Just because the outside world influences our sexuality,
does not mean that our sexual preferences are invalid.
Some polyamorous BDSMers have very different rules about having sex with outsiders,
as opposed to doing BDSM with outsiders. For example, during the time when I was
considering a transition to polyamory, I myself had a couple relationships where we were
sexually monogamous -- yet my partners agreed that I could do BDSM with people who
weren't my partner. Those particular partners felt jealous and threatened by the idea
of me having sex with another man, but they didn't mind if I did BDSM with
another man. Maybe the feelings of those partners only arose because they categorized
""BDSM"" and ""sex"" into weirdly different socially-constructed ways... but those
partners' feelings were nonetheless real, and their feelings deserved respect.
And there are also unmistakable ways that BDSM feels different from sex. There is
something, bodily, that is just plain different about BDSM, as opposed to sex. I often
find myself thinking of ""BDSM feelings"" and ""sexual feelings"" as flowing down two
parallel channels in my head... sometimes these channels intersect, but sometimes they're
far apart. The BDSM urge strikes me as deeply different, separate, from the sex urge. It
can be fun to combine BDSM and sex, but there are definitely times when I want BDSM
that feel very unlike most times when I want sex.
The biggest political reason why it's difficult to discuss this is the way in which we
currently conceptualize sexuality through ""orientations"": we have built a cultural
""orientation model"" focused on the idea that ""acceptable"" sexuality is ""built-in,"" or
""innate."" Some BDSMers consider BDSM an ""orientation"" -- and I, myself, once found
that thinking of BDSM as an orientation was extremely helpful in coming to terms with
my BDSM desires. But one thing I don't like about the orientation model now is that it
makes us sound like we're apologizing. ""Poor little me! It's not my fault I'm straight! Or a
domme! Whatever!"" Why would any of these things be faults in the first place? Our
bodies are our own, our experiences are our own, and our consent is our own to give.
The orientation model is one of the cultural factors that makes it hard to discuss sensory,
sensual experiences without defaulting to sexuality. As commenter saurus pointed out on
the Feministe version of part 1 of this post:
Sometimes I think that we have compulsions, needs or ""fetishes"" that aren't sexual, but
lumping them in with sexuality is sometimes the most convenient or socially manageable
way to deal with them or get those needs met. They might even physically arouse us for a
variety of reasons, but that might be a side effect instead of the act's inherent nature.
Which is not to say that every act can be cleanly cleaved into ""sexual"" and ""non-sexual""
-- of course not. But I think we lack a language around these needs that doesn't use
sexuality. I see a lot of groundbreaking work coming out of the asexual and disability
justice communities in this regard (which is just to say that I find the folks in these
groups are churning out some incredible ways to ""queer"" conventional dominant ideas
about sexuality; not that they never have sex or whatever).
I think one answer to that is to just open up the definition of sexuality to include these
things, but as someone who identifies vehemently not as ""sex positive"" but as ""sex nonjudgmental,""
I know I don't personally want all my shit to be lumped in with sexuality. It
just makes me picture some sex judgmental person insisting that ""oh, that's totally
sexual.""
I, Clarisse, can certainly attest that it's common for people to have BDSM encounters that
are ""just"" BDSM -- ""no sex involved."" For example -- an encounter where one partner
whips the other, or gets whipped, and there's no genital contact or even discussion of
genitals. And I'd like to stress that when I have encounters like that, they can be very
satisfying without involving sex. The release -- the high -- I get from a heavy BDSM
encounter can be its own reward.
I've also had BDSM encounters where I got turned on...
... but I didn't feel turned on until later, or afterwards, or until my partner did something
specific to draw out my desire. For example -- I remember that in one intense BDSM
encounter as a domme, I wound up the encounter and pulled away from my partner. We
had both been sitting down; I stood up and took off the metal claws I'd been using to rip
him up. (Secretly, the claws were banjo picks. Do-It-Yourself BDSM is awesome.)
Then I leaned over my partner to pick something up. I had thought we were pretty much
done, but he seized me as I leaned over, and he pulled me close and kissed my neck, and I
literally gasped in shock. My sexual desire spiked so hard... I practically melted into his
arms. And yet if you'd asked me, moments before, whether I was turned on... I would
have said ""no.""
One way to think about it might be that sometimes, BDSM ""primes"" me so that I'm
more receptive to sexual energy. It's not that BDSM is exactly a sexual turn-on in itself;
sometimes it is, but that's actually surprisingly rare. Yet BDSM often... gets my blood
flowing?... and seems to ""open the floodgates,"" so sexual hormones can storm through
my body.
And just in case this wasn't complex enough for you... on the other hand, I've had BDSM
encounters where my partner tried to take it sexual, and I wasn't interested. It's almost
like there's a BDSM cycle that I often get into, and once the cycle is sufficiently
advanced, I can't easily shift out of it.
Sometimes, when I'm near the ""peak"" of the BDSM cycle, then being interrupted for any
reason -- sex, or anything else -- is absolutely horrible. I'd rather be left on the edge of
orgasm, burning with sexual desire, than be hurt until I almost cry. The emotion becomes
a stubborn lump in my throat; becomes balled up in my chest. At times like that, it almost
feels hard to breathe.
A while back, a reporter named Mac McClelland who worked in Haiti made a splash by
writing an article about how she used ""violent sex"" to ease her Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder. I briefly reported on the article for Feministe, but at the time, I didn't share
many of my thoughts about what she wrote. One thing I did say was that the reporter
didn't use any BDSM terminology -- at least not that I spotted. She didn't seem to
conceptualize her desire for ""violent sex"" as a BDSM thing at all. Interestingly, a
Feministe commenter named Jadey, who has experience with kink, also didn't
conceptualize the reporter's article that way. Jadey wrote:
I don't think she's bad or wrong, and I don't think her method of coping with her PTSD is
bad or wrong.... [Yet] I've got a kink/BDSM background, but that's not what she's
describing here. She's talking about something far different, and I can't understand the
experience she describes with Isaac. It is... incomprehensible.
I want to stress here that I, Clarisse Thorn, have never been diagnosed with Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder. (And I've undergone plenty of analysis, so I'm sure that if I
had PTSD, someone would have noticed by now.) And just in case it needs to be said
again, I'll also stress that I have no intention of telling anyone else how to define their
own experiences. And just in case it needs to be said again, there is a big difference
between consenting BDSM and abuse.
But unlike Jadey, when I read the original ""violent sex"" article, the reporter's description
of her encounter sounded a lot like some of my preferences... indeed, it sounded like
some of the BDSM encounters I've had. For example, the reporter writes:
""Okay,"" my partner said. ""I love you, okay?"" I said, I know, okay. And with that he was
on me, forcing my arms to my sides, then pinning them over my head, sliding a hand up
under my shirt when I couldn't stop him. The control I'd lost made my torso scream with
anxiety; I cried out desperately as I kicked myself free.... When I got out from under him
and started to scramble away, he simply caught me by a leg or an upper arm or my hair
and dragged me back. By the time he pinned me by my neck with one forearm so I was
forced to use both hands to free up space between his elbow and my windpipe, I'd largely
exhausted myself.
And just like that, I'd lost. It's what I was looking for, of course. But my body -- my hardfighting,
adrenaline-drenched body -- reacted by exploding into terrible panic.... I did
not enjoy it in the way a person getting screwed normally would. But as it became clear
that I could endure it, I started to take deeper breaths. And my mind stayed there, stayed
present even when it became painful.... My body felt devastated but relieved; I'd lost, but
survived. After he climbed off me, he gathered me up in his arms. I broke into a thousand
pieces on his chest, sobbing so hard that my ribs felt like they were coming loose.
... Isaac pulled my hair away from my wet face, repeating over and over and over
something that he probably believed but that I had to relearn. ""You are so strong,"" he
said. ""You are so strong. You are so strong.""
Sounds extremely familiar to me.
Now, it's not like I have BDSM encounters like that all the time; indeed, experiences of
that type are relatively rare for me. But the reporter's description doesn't sound ""far
different"" from what I've experienced. Certainly not ""incomprehensible."" There's only
one big difference, actually: I've never had such an intense BDSM experience in which
my partner also had penis-in-vagina sex with me. (I'm assuming the reporter means
""penis-in-vagina"" sex when she talks about ""getting screwed"", but I could be wrong.)
Honestly, I'm not sure why I would want to combine vaginal sex with an experience like
that. Vaginal sex strikes me, personally, as kinda incidental to what I'd get out of it. But
maybe I'll try it sometime and it'll be the greatest thing in the world; we'll see, I guess.
Sometimes I find that I've still got a ""BDSM versus sex"" distinction to work out, although
I seem to have comfortably settled into the frameworks I've created. One of my very first
blog entries, back in 2008, was called ""Casual Sex? Casual Kink?"", and I spent the whole
thing musing about whether I was more or less okay with casual BDSM than I was with
casual sex.
These days, I find that I'm kinda okay with both casual sex and casual BDSM, but I much
prefer those experiences within intimate relationships. Make no mistake, my friends:
BDSM can include a great deal of love and connection... at least as much as sex.
To hammer the point home, let me tell you about what happened after I broke up with a
much-beloved ex-boyfriend: Mr. Inferno. It was back when I was very focused on being
monogamous with my partners. Mr. Inferno broke up with me, and a month or two later I
had the chance to have an overnight BDSM encounter with another man, so I took it.
There was no genital contact; the whole encounter was limited to this guy giving me
orders, and hurting me until I cried.
But I remember, even as I slipped into the familiar emotional cycle, that I couldn't let go:
I couldn't let go because I felt like I was betraying Mr. Inferno. He'd broken my heart, but
on some level I felt like I still belonged to him. It was wrong, wrong, wrong for me to cry
in someone else's arms. The wrongness rang through me like a bell. It was so impossible,
unbearable -- all I could think was how it should have been Mr. Inferno. I choked on the
tears. I couldn't lose myself in them.
Later, I mentioned to my partner that one of my ex-boyfriends (not Mr. Inferno) had
trouble dealing with my BDSM desires. ""Ah,"" my partner said. ""That explains why you
had trouble letting yourself cry."" I decided to nod; to let him think he knew what was
blocking me off. It seemed simpler.
In the morning, I had breakfast with my partner. We hugged and split up, and I went for a
walk until I found a local creek. I sat next to the creek and I closed my eyes and I let the
helpless tears slip down my cheeks.
I'd felt (and I'd known others who felt) this way after the dissolution of a sexual
relationship. But I had never imagined that such a reaction of intense bodily loyalty could
apply to BDSM as well as sex. I hadn't anticipated that I'd feel such heartbreaking,
visceral loss just because I let another man hurt me.
So different, and yet so the same.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet in two parts:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/10/09/bdsm-versus-sex-part-1-political-concerns/
and
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/10/14/bdsm-versus-sex-part-2-how-does-it-feel/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] BDSM Roles, ""Topping From The Bottom,"" and ""Service
Top""
I wrote this post in 2011.
* * *
BDSM Roles, ""Topping From The Bottom,"" and ""Service Top""
I often say that all consensual sexuality is okay. Open relationships? S&M? Same-sex
partnerships? One-night stands? Porn? I could care less how people have sex, as long as
the people involved are consenting adults. This means that most of the interesting and
important questions are about consent: how do we make sure that we always have
consensual sex? How do we ensure that we're always respecting our own boundaries and
our partners' boundaries? How do we talk about our preferences and our consent? I write
a lot about sexual communication for this reason.
Every once in a while, though, there's something interesting to discuss besides consent.
(Totally weird, I know!) One of those interesting things is stereotypes. Also interesting:
bad dynamics in the BDSM community.
One example of a bad, weird dynamic is the ""one true way"" thing. Some people act like
there are ""right"" ways and ""wrong"" ways to do consensual BDSM -- as if some
consensual BDSM is more legit than other consensual BDSM. Often, people do this via
what we call ""role policing"": they make claims about ""real submission"" and ""real
dominance."" (Even worse, people will sometimes act like dominant people are socially
""better"" or ""more important"" than submissive people. Or they'll act like men are
""inherently"" dominant, or women are ""inherently"" submissive. It's a clusterfuck! Thomas
MacAulay Millar has a great essay about this called ""Domism."")
Examples of role policing might include:
* ""If you were really submissive, then you would be serving my dinner right now instead
of having me serve myself.""
* ""If you were really dominant, then you would pay for my drinks.""
* ""If you were really submissive, then you wouldn't be confident enough to write a blog
about your sex life."" (Not that I'm biased or anything.)
Sometimes these are hilarious light-hearted jokes. But sometimes they're not. Sometimes
they're bullshit, and they make people feel as though they're ""bad at submission"" or ""bad
at dominance."" Also, it gets really silly when we start thinking about switches -- people
who can feel comfortable in the dominant role or the submissive role, such as myself.
One very common, relevant assumption is that dominant people always enjoy inflicting
pain: that sadists and dominants are always the same group. They're not! Sometimes
people are into sadism, or into dominance, or maybe they're into a lot of sadism but a
little dominance, or whatever. The same thing goes for submission: sometimes people are
submissive and like taking pain, but sometimes people are submissive without being
masochistic, or maybe they're into a little bit of submission and a lot of masochism, or
whatever.
Or maybe they're masochists who like ordering their partners to hurt them. I once threw a
memorable party at which my then-boyfriend, a mostly-submissive gentleman, arranged
for a bunch of our friends to grab me and hold me down while he ate cake off my body.
As he did this, I clearly recall shouting at him: ""You better hurt me, or I'm going to
safeword on your ass."" So he hurt me! It was great.
Because ""submissive"" and ""masochist"" aren't always the same thing -- and ""dominant""
and ""sadist"" aren't always the same thing -- the BDSM community uses the terms
""bottom"" and ""top."" A ""bottom"" is a blanket term for a submissive and/or a masochist --
the receiving partner. A ""top"" is a blanket term for a dominant and/or a sadist -- the
partner who is providing sensation. The point is to have words that indicate who is giving
and who is receiving, without making claims about each partner's preferences. (These
words can also be used as verbs. For example, if I am ""topping,"" then I am in the
dominant and/or sadistic position.)
And yet! Even though we have these handy terms ""top"" and ""bottom,"" which are
specifically designed to help us avoid making assumptions, people end up making
assumptions. There are two common BDSM community phrases that are often deployed
in tones of disgust and irritation. One of those phrases is ""topping from the bottom."" The
other phrase is ""service top.""
""Topping from the bottom"" indicates a person who exercises power in the relationship,
despite being in the ""bottom"" position. There's nothing wrong with doing that, as long as
both partners consent. But some people talk about ""topping from the bottom"" like it's bad
-- as if power ought to belong to one side or the other; as if the bottom should never
express preferences or make decisions about what's going on. Which is ridiculous.
I'll grant that it can be annoying if I'm trying to be a top, and my partner isn't listening or
isn't doing what I want. But in those cases, it's important to pay attention to what is
actually going on. Is my partner resisting because he actually doesn't want to do what
we're doing? In that case, I should respect his preferences. Or maybe my partner is
resisting because he wants me to punish him. Or maybe we just have bad chemistry!
Whatever. The point is, ""topping from the bottom"" isn't inherently a bad thing. ""Topping
from the bottom"" doesn't make the bottom into a ""bad submissive"" or whatever. It just
means that either the person is trying to communicate, or the person is looking for a
certain kind of push-pull dynamic.
Simultaneously, there's the phrase ""service top."" It's basically the same thing in reverse. A
""service top"" is a top who enjoys topping in line with his partner's desires. And once
again, some people act like this is a bad thing -- as if service tops ""aren't dominant
enough."" But it's not inherently a bad thing! If a service top is doing things just because
her partner likes them... then good for her!
I sometimes use phrases like ""topping from the bottom"" and ""service top"" to describe
dynamics of a relationship: to talk about what is actually going on. But that's because I
don't think there's anything wrong with topping from the bottom or being a service top. I
try to avoid joking around about it unless I know that the person I'm talking to is not
sensitive about the topic. And I really don't like it when people use those phrases while
role policing.
BDSM can carry an incredible emotional charge, and a lot of the time, people will want
comfort and snuggles after doing BDSM together. Sometimes, part of that comfort and
snuggles includes reassuring the partner: ""I know you just beat the shit out of me until I
cried; I enjoyed it -- I still like you and think you're a good person."" Or, ""I know you
called your safeword while I was hurting you; I still think you're a beautiful submissive
and you did a great job -- in fact I love it when you call your safeword because it helps
me understand you better."" I think that in these cases it's totally okay to say something
like, ""You're such a good submissive."" But it's so important to keep in mind that there
isn't some kind of submission that's inherently ""better"" than any other kind -- or
dominance that's ""better"" -- or sadism, masochism, whatever.
And here is the part of the entry where I pull aside the mask and reveal that even though I
claimed I wouldn't talk about consent... I was secretly talking about consent all along!
The consent problem here is that role policing can be used to mess with people's
consent, because role policing can be used to pressure people. If a person wants to feel
like a ""real submissive,"" and you tell them that ""real submissives"" always receive anal
sex... then the person might accept anal sex even if he doesn't really want to... because he
wants to be a ""real submissive.""
I have personally witnessed accusations of ""topping from the bottom"" or ""service top""
being used to hurt people who were just trying to communicate, or arrange a relationship
that they liked. For example: ""I thought you were a submissive. Why are you asking me
to tie you up? Stop topping from the bottom! I'm the dominant partner, I make the
decisions!""
An important facet of consent is trying to create a pressure-free environment, so that all
partners feel comfortable talking about what they want. Sometimes, it can be very hard to
create that environment, because pressure isn't always easy to see or understand -- but if
we want maximum consent power, then we have to do our best. One way to create a
pressure-free environment is to be careful about phrases like ""topping from the bottom""
and ""service top"" and the role policing that can go along with those phrases.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/11/12/bdsm-roles-topping-from-the-bottom-andservice-top/
* * *
* * *
* * *
FEMINISM:
[theory] ""Inherent Female Submission"": The Wrong Question
I wrote this post in mid-2011. Perhaps you can tell that I was in the depths of my
obsession with pickup artists at the time... those guys talk about ""inherent female
submission"" ad nauseam. Not all pickup artists are evil and misogynist, but the ones who
are love to beat this horse.
* * *
""Inherent Female Submission"": The Wrong Question
I get a certain question occasionally, from straight dudes who've had a number of sexual
partners. It goes something like this:
All the women I've slept with liked pain. They asked me to hurt them or to dominate them
in bed. I did it, and enjoyed it; I loved how much it turned them on... it turned them on a
lot. But I keep thinking about it now. Why are all women into being submissive and/or
masochistic in bed? What does that mean?
They ask me this question in vaguely worried tones. Sometimes they say things like, ""It's
really creepy."" It is obvious that these dudes are rather concerned about this Terrible
Truth.
Here's my short answer for those guys: If you know women who are submissive and/or
masochistic in bed, that means those particular women like being submissive and/or
masochistic in bed. It doesn't mean anything else.
You're still here? Ah, well. I figured that wouldn't satisfy. So here's a longer answer:
Firstly, if you're a straight dude, and you're drawing conclusions about ""all women"" based
on the women you get involved with, then stop. Just stop. Even if you have slept with
zillions of women, you don't actually know what all women want, because:
A) Your experience of women is limited to women who got involved with you. You
are screening for certain qualities, sometimes consciously, and sometimes unconsciously
or by accident. If you tend to enjoy the dominant role, for example, or if you use a
dominant style of flirtation, then you could be screening for submissive female partners,
whether you intend to or not.
B) Everyone has biases, including you. I love the old saying: ""When all you have is a
hammer, everything looks like a nail."" If you have a bias towards seeing women as
sexually submissive (and you almost certainly do, because female sexual submission is a
hugely prevalent cultural trope), then you're more likely to see female submission in
places where it does not exist.
C) Women, like people of all genders, are demonstrably varied. You really don't think
non-submissive straight women exist? Why then, it must be so inconvenient when I point
you to the work of blatantly dominant women, huh? It's shocking, I know... next I'll be
telling you that queer and asexual women exist! (Not to mention women who switch
among roles -- from submissive to dominant, from sadistic to masochistic. I primarily go
for submissive masochism, but still, I myself play for both teams.)
The thing is, though... no matter how many holes I can poke in these dudes' anecdotal
""data,"" I can't bring myself to worry like they do. Even if a brilliant, well-reviewed study
came out tomorrow and proved beyond a shadow of a doubt that 100% of women are
submissive masochists in bed, I wouldn't care. (I bet you my left ear this study will never
happen, but I'm just saying, even if it did, I wouldn't care.)
Let me say it really clearly: Even if most women are submissive masochists in bed
(and I'm not convinced most women are), there's nothing wrong with that. I don't
care.
Why don't I care? Because all this anxiety and argument about submission -- and in
particular, what it means for women to be submissive; whether all women are
submissive; whether women are ""inherently"" or ""biologically"" submissive; whether
BDSM is an orientation or not... this is all the wrong question.
I'll note that the research seems to indicate that more kinky women are submissive than
dominant. Of course, this doesn't necessarily indicate anything about the tastes of women
who don't identify as kinky. And it's probably biased by culture, in that everything from
fashion photos to romance novels emphasizes female submission and male dominance.
Within BDSM culture, female dominance and male submission are often disappeared,
much to the justified frustration of actual female dominants and male submissives. When
all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail -- sometimes including our own
psyches and sexualities.
Plus, if the only available patterns for kink emphasize something a person doesn't like,
then that person will probably avoid kink. Note that in the research I linked to, for
example, the percentage of submissive women was higher in samples from within the
BDSM subculture than in samples from outside the BDSM subculture... perhaps because
many BDSM subcultural gatherings emphasize female submission and thereby alienate
women who are primarily dominant. Anyway, regardless... this is still the wrong
question.
In short, ""inherent female submission"" is the wrong question.
Certainly, I've fought through a lot of personal fears about what my interest in BDSM
meant for me as a feminist... but these days I have trouble understanding what, exactly,
got me so upset. I can't believe how long it took me to outthink those fears. Now, it just
seems instinctively obvious to me that:
1) The only reason these conversations happen at all is that BDSM, and especially
submission, is seen as broken and problematic and screwed-up and a sign of
weakness. What if we viewed S&M proclivities as a superpower rather than a
perversion? What if submission and masochism, in particular, were viewed as signs of
strength and endurance and emotional complexity, rather than weakness?
2) Sexual kinks don't necessarily affect one's performance in non-sexual fields. A
sexually submissive woman won't make a bad CEO (at least, not because she's sexually
submissive). I mean, come on, it's not like there aren't sexually submissive men in
powerful corporate positions. When I was younger I remember being scared that, in some
bizarre way, I was betraying women's liberation by being sexually submissive; this seems
ridiculous to me now. That fear can only survive in a culture where people are looking
for excuses -- no matter how flimsy -- to control and disempower women. Because it
doesn't make any damn sense on its own.
3) Rape is still rape. Everyone still has a right to consent, including submissives. A
submissive partner (of any gender) must be able to withdraw consent, and a dominant
partner (of any gender) must make space for them to withdraw consent. It's always great
when both partners can have an honest conversation about desire, trying to avoid pressure
and unfair expectations (whether those expectations arise from sexist culture or from
whatever else). Safewords are one frequently-recommended communication tactic for
those who have rape fantasies, although they aren't the only tactic. What really burns me
about many discussions of ""inherent female submission"" is that they have horrible
overtones of blaming the victim and justifying rape... much like ""she was wearing a short
skirt, so she was asking for it."" In reality, ""inherent female submission"" says absolutely
nothing about women's right to choose our partners and protect our bodily integrity.
Female submissives have made it perfectly clear that we do, in fact, claim that right.
I think most of the dudes who ask this question come to me, a feminist, and they ask this
question in hushed and worried tones, because they are decent guys and they are
concerned about The Consequences Of This Terrible Truth. I'd venture a guess that
they've met other dudes who talk nonstop about how women are vain and stupid and
hysterical and, snicker snicker, why do we let those dumb bitches even vote and, oh by
the way, did you know that lots of girls like to be choked and isn't that sooo significant...?
And so these decent guys who are talking to me -- they have learned to associate
discussions of female sexual submission with anti-feminism, and with attempts to
disempower women in other spheres.
Being decent guys, this worries them, because they know that people of all genders
deserve equal opportunity. But it is all a red herring! It's a series of illusions thrown up by
BDSM stigma; by the idea that sexual kinks always mean something about the rest of a
person's life; by people who don't comprehend that everyone has the right to consent; and
by blatant, uncomplicated misogyny! Female sexual submission isn't even close to a
threat to women's liberation, unless we allow it to be. If we weren't constantly forced to
deal with the broken assumptions of a broken misogynist culture, this question would
never occur to anyone!
It doesn't matter nearly as much what the cultural patterns are around sexual submission,
as it does how we deal with sexual submission. If your partner is submissive, you can
respect their desires and also respect them as a person. As I already noted, in BDSM this
means communicating carefully, like with safewords and/or other tactics. Some people
can have great sexual communication that's totally non-verbal -- but I always encourage
explicit verbal communication because for many people, it's easier to make intentions and
desires clear that way, and tactics like safewords provide a fallback in case there's a
mistake.
So: what does ""inherent female submission"" mean for women, for feminism, for equal
rights, for women who work, for powerful women? For housewives? For disabled
women? For female rape survivors? For rape survivors of other genders?
Say it with me now: It's the wrong question. The mere act of asking this question implies
a cultural context that is seeking excuses to disempower women. Female sexual
submission means nothing...
... except what every woman wants it to mean, for herself.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/07/01/inherent-female-submission-the-wrongquestion/
* * *
* * *
* * *
MANLINESS:
[theory] Fifty Shades of Grey, Fight Club, and the Complications of
Male Dominance
I wrote this in early 2012, when everyone and their brother was talking about the
amazingly successful fanfiction-turned-BDSM-smut Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy, by E.L.
James. (The online version of this post contains a bunch of relevant current links at the
end.) It's one of my rare attempts at pegging an article to a recent news item; I had been
planning to write this article for months, but Fifty Shades gave me an opportunity to
actually do it. My main goal as a sex writer has always been to put forth analysis that's
responsive to the conversations I hear a lot, yet independent of the latest craze. For one
thing, I almost never care to track what Everyone Is Talking About Right This Minute!!,
and I'm irritated to think that I ought to do so. But I've come to reluctantly understand
that responding to current news is one of the best ways to get more eyeballs on my work,
so I'm trying to do more of that. I've also been encouraged in that direction by employers
-- most notably the gender-lens website RoleReboot.org, where I took on the role of Sex
+ Relationships Section Editor in late 2011. A slightly shorter version of this article was
originally published there.
* * *
Fifty Shades of Grey, Fight Club, and the Complications of Male Dominance
Much is being made of the highly successful S&M erotica novel Fifty Shades of Grey.
People are blaming feminism for making women into submissives, blaming feminism for
preventing women from being submissives, blaming women for having sexual desires at
all, and a whole lot of other boring and typical stuff that comes up in any conversation
about women and S&M. News flash: it's not the feminist revolution that is ""causing""
women to have fantasies of submission. S&M fantasies have been around since the
beginning of time. (And the 1950s S&M-sensation book, The Story of O, was much better
written than Fifty Shades of Grey.)
As an S&M writer, I hear a lot of allegations about how ""all"" (or ""almost all"") women are
sexually submissive and how this must Mean Something. This is echoed in the coverage
of Fifty Shades of Grey, in which everyone is demanding to know What It All Means
About Women. I've already taken on these questions as they apply to women. But there's
another submerged question here -- about men. There's plenty of talk and stereotypes
about how men are inherently violent, or more aggressive than women, or ""the dominant
sex.""
As I said in my previous article: I think it's quite questionable whether women are
""inherently submissive,"" but my conclusion is that I don't care. It doesn't actually matter
to me whether women in general are ""inherently submissive"" (though I really don't think
women are), or whether submissive women's preferences are philosophically Deep And
Meaningful (though I'm not convinced they are). What matters is:
1. How women (or any other people) can explore sexually submissive preferences
consensually,
2. How women (or any other people) can compartmentalize submissive preferences so
that their whole lives are safe and fulfilling and happy, and
3. How women (or any other people) can be treated well in arenas that aren't even
relevant to their sexuality -- like the workplace.
This is also how I feel about these ideas of ""inherent male violence."" I don't buy that men
are ""the dominant sex"" or that men are ""inherently violent."" Based on what I've read, it
seems quite clear that individuals with higher testosterone levels -- who are, incidentally,
not always men -- often experience more aggressive feelings. Yet that's a far cry from
large-scale generalizations, and it's also frequently irrelevant to questions about how
people can best deal with those aggressive feelings. Plus, psychological submission can
be a very separate thing from physical aggression levels.
Much of the time, when it comes to aggression, anger management is the answer, the
same way a naturally shy or submissive person needs to learn to set boundaries. But there
are circumstances where catharsis is completely acceptable. Lots of perfectly decent men
have urges towards violent dominance; what do they do about it? How much do they
agonize, like Christian Grey in Fifty Shades of Grey, and how much do they explore their
desires in a consensual and reasonable way?
I always thought that the late-90s movie Fight Club was fascinating primarily because of
its lens on masculinity and violence. It's not just about the violence men to do each other,
but to themselves. Quotes include ""You have to give up; you have to know that someday
you're gonna die,"" and ""The first rule of Fight Club is: you do not talk about Fight Club.""
I first watched it before I knew much about S&M, but now whenever I think about it, I
think about how the idea of a fight club -- where people would get together and fight, for
catharsis and community -- is so very reminiscent of how a lot of people experience
S&M. Fight Club even has safewords. Someone says stop, you stop. I obviously don't
support the endpoint of the Fight Club story (i.e., blowing up buildings), but the idea of
establishing a men's community via a fight club seems reasonable to me.
So, what are the practicalities of dealing with aggressive or dominant tendencies in the
sexual arena? As an S&M person, I've experimented with dominance as well as
submission, but because violence is so associated with masculinity, I turned to some
egalitarian male S&Mers for advice. I believe that even for non-S&M people, their
perspectives make a really good lens for ideas of gender and violence and power. Of
course, the first thing one of my friends told me was: ""I'm not sure I really see dominance
in general as being particularly masculine. I don't really think it's a gender associated
thing.""
That gentleman, who comments around the Internet under the name Scootah, went on to
add: ""I've certainly worried about my kinks in the past. I mean fundamentally, I get
really, really turned on by grabbing someone by the hair, throwing them into the wall,
backhanding them, etc. That's a pretty disturbing thought for an egalitarian who's worked
with abuse victims. I spend a lot of time considering the ethics of my kinks; my partners'
enthusiastic consent is a major priority.""
Jay Wiseman, author of the famous S&M primer SM101, talks about his own early fears
towards the beginning of that book. He writes about how he began having sadistic
fantasies, and went to the public library to research them. All he could find was portraits
of serial killers, which scared the hell out of him. He writes:
I decided to keep myself under surveillance. I made up my mind that I was not going to
hurt anybody. If I thought I was turning into someone that would harm somebody else,
then I would either put myself in a mental institution or commit suicide. And thus I lived,
waiting and watching to see if I was turning into someone that I needed to shoot.
Fortunately, Wiseman found partners who were open to exploring S&M with him, and
went on to write extensively about safety and consent and communication within S&M.
Trying to communicate in an egalitarian way is arguably the most complicated part of
any S&M encounter; as Scootah told me, ""There are certainly elements that could
potentially unbalance a relationship in my favor. I'm a big reasonably strong guy. I do
usually make more money than my partners. I also have this whole sense of position in
the local S&M community. I mostly just try to be aware of those things. I try to be very
careful about not taking advantage of that and negotiate clearly and not pressure people.""
There are lots of ways to do clear negotiation, including asking open-ended questions
before any S&M actually happens: ""What are you interested in? Could you go into that
more?"" There's also a huge emphasis on talking through the S&M encounter afterwards,
as part of the post-S&M processing we call aftercare. As another gent who goes by Noir
said: ""It really helped me to have a few great, feminist S&M partners. Having that echo
of 'it's OK, I want this,' as well as the honest feedback when I do wrong really helped
shape how I experience S&M, and with who. It's meant I learned how better to read and
grasp the people in my, er, grasp.""
Noir also noted, ""I strive to use dominance and submission as a tool for helping my
partners become stronger, in ways that also feed my S&M preferences. For example, I
tend to form long-term interests with women who want a 'safe space' to extend and
explore their ability to be sluts, with all that can imply. But in the process, we also
explore how becoming more confident in one's sexuality also can reflect into everyday
life. Also, just coming to spaces in the S&M community can be a goldmine of
information. All a dominant man has to do is read, listen, open up and understand. One
thing I learned was that my fears about reinforcing our messed-up society were shared by
women into kink... but also that my ways of approaching the topic, as 'oh, we're so
controlled by society!' were themselves pushing too much agency out of women's
choices. There's a balance there that we guys who identify as both feminist and kinky
have to respect, and that can come from listening to feminist women struggle with these
issues, themselves.""
The alternative sexuality advocate Pepper Mint (who has his own blog) told me that in
terms of putting gender on his experiences, ""I am a bit genderqueer, and I personally
experience dominance with either a feminine or masculine vibe from moment to moment.
Certain activities -- like punching -- feel masculine, while others -- like whipping --
feminine in the moment. Also, I switch, meaning that I don't always take the dominant
role. Strangely, my most clearly masculine S&M activity is masochism. I always feel
very manly while taking pain. I don't think I can clearly explain why these things have
attached to gender in my head, though presumably I'm being affected by cultural tropes to
some extent.""
The consensus in general was that dominance, whether masculine or feminine, is
something that happens in an encounter... not outside it. As Pepper put it, ""New guys
often want to play hard or do hardcore things, and will often boast and swagger. Kinky
women almost always recognize this as dangerous bullshit. Learn to chill out and not take
yourself too seriously, and learn to start with a light careful touch when playing with
someone new. Learn to ask for help and guidance, both from others in your S&M
community and from your partners.""
Scootah agreed: ""The first mistake I see newbie doms make is trying too hard to be some
kind of bad ass. Admit your inexperience. Be seen learning. Be modest and have a good
time. Learn to communicate well, and to really be friends with your prospective
partners.""
For me, the bottom line of these conversations is that questioning gender roles, and
understanding gender complications, is an ongoing process. People have a lot of urges
and preferences that are politically inconvenient and which we will never fully
understand. Whether we're shaped by biology or culture, those feelings will still exist for
now, and we have to deal with them. There are ways to do almost anything such that
people respect each other, though -- whatever the implications for gender or power.
Violence is complicated ground, but it can be used in balanced and consensual ways that
end up bonding people together. Fifty Shades of Grey and Fight Club are both examples,
and I haven't even touched competitive sports!
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/04/20/50-shades-of-grey-fight-club-and-thecomplications-of-male-dominance/
* * *
* * *
* * *
ABUSE:
[theory] The Alt Sex Anti-Abuse Dream Team
I wrote this post in 2010 for the high-profile feminist blog Feministe. If I were to write it
today, then I would write it differently. In particular, if I were writing it today, then I
would emphasize that there are actually two primary patterns for abusive S&M
perpetrators. There are the ones I emphasized in this post, the ones who prey on
inexperienced people outside the community... but then there's another category:
perpetrators who achieve high status within the community and then use it to get away
with non-consensual things. Other BDSMers have been writing about this more and
more, and the discussion is really heating up right now, in 2012. My fellow feminist
BDSM writer Thomas MacAulay Millar has a particularly long, complex blog series
about patterns of abuse in the BDSM community that gives a lot of great reference links
to other articles on the same topic. I've mentioned Thomas before; I don't always agree
with him, but he's principled and passionate and smart. He blogs at the Yes Means Yes
blog, and the series is being published post-by-post even as I write this. The first post in
the series is available at this link:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2012/03/23/theres-a-war-on-part-1-troubles-
been-brewing/
* * *
The Alt Sex Anti-Abuse Dream Team
BDSMers face a lot of stigma around our sexuality, and this can be a major problem
when BDSMers are trying to deal with abusive situations. I've written a lot about
generally negative conceptions of BDSM -- they can briefly be summarized as:
* S&M is wicked,
* abnormal,
* a sign of mental or emotional instability,
* inherently abusive,
* or even antifeminist.
Given this climate, it's not surprising that two things almost always happen when BDSM
and abuse come up:
1) People of all genders who are abused are often unwilling to report. People of all
genders who are abused within BDSM relationships tend to be particularly
unwilling to report. Victim-blaming is already rampant in mainstream society -- just
imagine what happens to, for example, a woman who has admitted that she enjoys being
consensually slapped across the face, if she attempts to report being raped. And that's
assuming the abuse survivor is willing to report in the first place; ze may prefer not to
negotiate the minefield of anti-SM stereotypes ze will be up against, ze may be afraid of
being outed, etc.
2) Members of the BDSM community sometimes push back against real or perceived
anti-SM stigma by talking about how abuse is rare within the BDSM community. A
BDSM blog post and comments over at the awesome blog SM-Feminist claim that not
only is abuse within the community rare, but abusive BDSM relationships seem
more likely to happen outside the community. In fact, if you look then you can find
posts from submissive women who found that getting into the BDSM community, being
exposed to its ideals and concepts, helped them escape or understand their past abusive
relationships.
I tend to think that #2 is a really good point -- particularly the bit about how abusive
BDSM relationships are more likely to happen outside the community, due in part to lack
of resources and support for survivors. For this reason, I tend to stress the role of the
community in positive BDSM experiences, and I encourage newcomers to seek out their
local community. But lots of people don't have access to a local community at all,
especially if they're not in a big city. Plus, lots of people have trouble enjoying their local
community for whatever reason, perhaps because they have nothing in common with
local S&Mers aside from sexuality, or because they don't have time to integrate into a
whole new subculture.
There's also the unfortunate fact that point #2 sometimes reacts with point #1 in a toxic
way -- that is, it can ironically be harder for abuse survivors to talk about abuse within the
BDSM community because the community is pushing back so hard against the stereotype
of abusive BDSM. I've spoken to BDSMers who feel that the S&M community
pushes back far too hard, and that survivors are being aggressively silenced simply
because the rest of us are so invested in fighting mainstream stereotypes. I have
never personally experienced this, but I would not be surprised if I did. And the fact is
that I'm sure there are toxic dynamics in some BDSM communities -- we aren't a
monolith, folks -- and that even in 100% awesome communities, I'm sure there are at
least a few abusive relationships. And even one abusive relationship in the community
is obviously too many.
As Thomas MacAulay Millar wrote when the most recent abusive BDSM case hit the
media, ""Our declaration that the abusers are not us has to be substantive."" This is
something we should be taking action on. But how?
* * *
Dynamics Within the Community
I have personally had excellent experiences within the S&M community. However, I am
also pretty thick-skinned (unfortunately, this is partly due to lots of time spent working in
a sexist industry); and I have a well-developed sense of my own boundaries. I am saying
this not to sound self-congratulatory but because I believe that, due to being thickskinned,
I may be less bothered by actual harassment and pressuring dynamics than
others are. Also, I am lucky enough that I've never experienced an assault. Therefore, it's
incumbent upon me to listen to how other S&Mers -- especially female or genderqueer
S&Mers -- feel about their experiences being pressured within the community.
There are issues that even I have noticed. For example, I think that there is a distasteful
tendency to talk about ""real BDSM"" or ""serious BDSM,"" as if some S&M is more
legitimate than other S&M. That's wrong and dangerous because it can make some
people feel as though they have to push past their boundaries -- do things they aren't
comfortable with -- in order to be accepted, liked, or seen as ""real."" On the rare occasions
that I encounter this, I try to point out the problems right there and then. There is no such
thing as ""more real"" and ""less real"" S&M. The only truly important part about any
S&M activity is that it happen among enthusiastic, consenting adults.
Thomas once wrote to me by email that ""I tend to think that the dynamics of abuse in the
community are a combination of the desire to avoid washing our laundry in public,
patriarchy colonizing our own, and the usual thing in small communities where people's
willingness to do the right thing in theory bumps up against their personal friends and
loyalties."" I completely agree. I'd add that similar issues arise in almost all small
communities, and it's not fair to blame S&M in itself for these problems. At the same
time, though, it's incumbent upon all BDSMers to contribute to an environment
where people who don't want to participate can easily say ""no"", and can rely on
being supported by others when they do.
* * *
Existing Anti-Abuse Initiatives in the BDSM Community
Finding existing initiatives is a bit of a piecemeal project, but here's what I've run across.
* A variety of pamphlets and written statements. One example was released by The
Network/La Red, a rather unique anti-abuse organization for lesbians, bi women and
trans people. One panel of the pamphlet shows a picture of handcuffs, and the text says:
The most basic difference between S/M and abuse is Consent.
It is not consent if...
* You did not expressly give consent.
* You are afraid to say no.
* You say yes to avoid conflict.
* You say yes to avoid consequences (i.e. losing a job, losing your home, being outed).
S/M is...
* Always consensual.
* Done with respect for limits.
* Enjoyed by all partners.
* Fun, erotic, and loving.
* Done with an understanding of trust.
* Never done with the intent to harm or damage.
Just because you consent to play does not mean you consent to everything. You have the
right to set limits.
(You can look at images of the pamphlet on my Flickr account.)
Some SM organizations have also released statements on SM and abuse, such as the
national Leather Leadership Conference and New York's Lesbian Sex Mafia. Note that at
the bottom of the LSM page, they mention that they've sensitized a local abuse hotline; if
I ever get a grant or something to start a pro-sex anti-abuse center, I'll immediately grill
the LSM to see how they got in with that hotline and what they said.
* Kink Aware counselors. I talk about this all the time, but I think it bears repeating as
often as possible. The National Coalition for Sexual Freedom maintains an online list of
Kink Aware Professionals, which is a grassroots effort begun by writer/activist Race
Bannon and includes doctors, lawyers, and therapists. The list is pretty much open and
opt-in -- professionals go to the KAP site and offer to list themselves there -- and this is
one reason it's not a good idea to assume that any given professional will be a great fit for
you. Personally, when I was coming into my BDSM identity, I found a Kink Aware
therapist to be incredibly helpful -- but while I was finding him, I visited another therapist
who was not at all helpful.
When people ask me for kink-friendly survivors' resources, I always tell them to seek a
KAP therapist first.
* The annual Alternative Sexualities conference. This is a comparatively new effort
from the Community-Academic Consortium for Research on Alternative Sexualities.
They describe it as ""a conference for clinicians and researchers, addressing issues around
BDSM/Kink sexualities and consensual non-monogamies."" 2012 will mark the fifth
Conference on Alternative Sexualities. I was on a panel at the 2009 conference in
Chicago, and I thought it was pretty awesome, but I am obviously biased.
* Community workshops. Most BDSM communities in large cities have educational
workshops. These teach SM-related ideas or skills such as community etiquette, how to
use various types of equipment, etc. Every SM workshop I have ever attended has
emphasized careful negotiation and has, at the very least, mentioned safewords. One
workshop -- ""The Emotional Aspects of BDSM Play,"" taught by San Francisco's
EduKink -- gave a detailed list of ideas for how to tell BDSM from abuse, which I wrote
down:
1) Consent. BDSM is consenting; abuse is not.
a) Assuming consent was given -- was it informed consent? Did everyone know what they
were consenting to?
b) Was consent coerced or seduced from the partner? Did everyone feel like they could
say no if they wanted? Was anyone worried about suffering negative consequences if they
said no?
2) Intent. A BDSM partner intends to have a mutually enjoyable encounter; an abusive
partner does not.
a) Did everyone leave the scene feeling somewhat satisfied?
3) Damage. A BDSM partner tries to minimize the actual damage inflicted by their
actions; an abusive partner does not.
a) Did the two partners learn what they were doing before they did it? Did they learn
how to perform their activities safely?
b) Were the partners aware of the potential risks of their activities?
4) Secrecy. Abuse often happens in secret. This is the hardest one on this checklist,
because -- due to the fact that BDSM is a very marginalized, misunderstood sexuality --
BDSM often happens in secret, too. But this is one of the benefits of having an entire
subculture that deals with BDSM: we try to look out for each other.
a) Were the two partners involved in the local BDSM scene? Did they get advice from
knowledgeable, understanding BDSM people during rough patches in their relationship?
I've heard of one or two workshops specifically focused on ""BDSM for Survivors."" I've
also heard of support groups for BDSM-identified survivors of abuse, but I've never run
across one in person. I've said this before, but I'll say it again: I believe that the safest
place to have a BDSM relationship is within the BDSM community.
* * *
My Fantasy Sex-Positive, Anti-Abuse Program
You can tell from the above list that relevant community efforts have focused on raising
internal awareness, consolidating useful information, and educating. If I were to get a
grant or something (ha!), I would certainly look for ways to use it on a dedicated pro-sex,
anti-abuse initiative, hopefully more expansive than a hotline, and considerably more
extensive than a pamphlet. I've never developed this thought too extensively -- I hate to
torture myself when I know there's no money for one of my ideas -- but I know I'd want
my Dream Anti-Abuse Team to have the following qualities:
* BDSM is obviously my main interest, because that's how I identify the core of my
sexuality. But I have a strong interest in destigmatizing all forms of sexual expression
practiced by consenting adults. Everyone involved in my initiative would emphasize that
people of all genders and sexualities could come for help -- whether straight, gay,
lesbian, bi, trans, asexual, BDSM, sex worker, polyamorous, swing, or whatever
amazing fetish could conceivably come up.
Ideally, I would personally try to shock the hell out of anyone before I agreed to work
with them... because anyone whose face twists up or who gasps at the idea of any kind of
consensual weird sex is a person who shouldn't be anywhere near altsexual abuse
survivors.
* I'd want destigmatizing alternative sexuality among the mainstream, especially
mainstream anti-abuse organizations, to be a major focus -- so that abuse survivors
could feel less anxious about being misunderstood while seeking help. So I'd need people
who were willing to go out and charismatically shock the abuse officers at police stations,
feminist organizations, college campuses, etc. I'd want us to be running everything from
anti-stigma poster campaigns to sex communication workshops.
* I'd want the program to be well-advertised to the general public, so that people who
aren't in the community -- yet who are practicing S&M or poly or whatever on their
own -- could still find us.
* Of course we'd also do the more traditional work of offering walk-in counseling to
abuse survivors, including help making a concrete plan, altsexual-friendly legal advice,
and so on.
So.
Anyone willing to fund my Dream Team?
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/01/16/the-alt-sex-anti-abuse-dream-team/
* * *
* * *
* * *
Section 1 Study Guide
A regular reader who goes by SnowdropExplodes suggested that I add ""study guides"" to
the end of each section of this book in order to pull it together, and I thought it was a
good idea. (See why I love my readers?) I'm sure that others could find this insufferably
patronizing, however; if you're one of them, feel free not to read the guides! I'm just
trying to offer questions for further thought, and give some insight on why I organized
this book the way I did. This section was intended to pull together the ideas I see as
""basic"" or ""building blocks"" for feminist sex, both in theory and in practice.
* * *
1. Have any of these pieces felt relevant to how you communicate with your partners?
Have any pieces felt irrelevant or incomprehensible? Can you see any overarching
themes that guide which ones felt relevant, and which ones felt incomprehensible?
1a. If you could give your partners one piece of advice about communicating with you,
what would it be?
1b. Are there areas of communication that you feel you need to work on? (For example,
Clarisse often thinks that she should work on her non-verbal communication, and has
occasionally had trouble being direct with her partners about what she wants.)
1c. What ideas about sex and communication do you think you've absorbed from friends,
parents, and your larger cultural environment?
* * *
2. What stereotypes do you see acting on your sexuality?
2a. Have you come up with any mental tactics for thinking around those stereotypes?
What are they? (For example, Clarisse sees the ""S&M superpowers"" concept as a positive
way of framing S&M, so it doesn't feel ""broken"" or ""dark."")
* * *
3. Are there any areas of your sexuality where you feel trapped or stalled? Can you think
of ways that you want to move forward on those, or do you think it might be a good idea
to take some time off from those activities instead?
* * *
4. If you were feeling anxious about a relationship or uncertain about your boundaries,
who would you turn to in order to talk about that? Do you have friends (online or offline)
or other resources where you could find advice?
4a. Are there unique problems affecting abusive relationships within the communities
you frequent? How do sexual stereotypes affect how you and your friends perceive both
positive relationships and abusive relationships?
* * *
5. What are the overarching patterns that you see within the pieces in this section? How
are these disparate topics relevant to each other?
5a. Is consent complicated?
* * *
* * *
* * *
SECTION 2:
Activism and Allies
In which we explore activism and other topics tangentially related to S&M feminism --
from sex work, to polyamory and monogamy, to the nature of masculinity.
* * *
When I think of this section, I think of:
Abuse of power comes as no surprise.
~ Jenny Holzer
I think of Clarisse as the John Stuart Mills of sexuality.
~ one of my ex-boyfriends
* * *
* * *
* * *
ACTIVISM:
[theory] Grassroots Organizing For Feminism, S&M, HIV, and
Everything Else
I wrote this in March 2011 for Bitch Magazine's Feminist Coming-Out Day Blog
Carnival. The goal was to talk about feminist ""click"" moments, and my entry was
predictably wide-ranging and idiosyncratic.
* * *
Grassroots Organizing For Feminism, S&M, HIV, and Everything Else
Earlier this month, my sex-positive documentary film series screened Jane: An Abortion
Service. The film tells the extraordinary story of ""Jane,"" an underground network of
women in Chicago who provided thousands of safe abortions in the years before abortion
was legal. It was totally inspiring.
Jane was started accidentally by a woman named Heather Booth. Booth was a student at
the University of Chicago in the late 1960s when another woman came and asked her --
secretly, of course -- whether she knew any abortion doctors. Heather Booth found one,
and she also found that other women started coming to her for references.
As one woman in the film put it, in those days, women who sought abortions were all
""hysterical and desperate and scared"": if you needed an abortion, you knew you would
have to come up with some fabulous amount of money and take a life-threatening risk.
Some women committed suicide when they got pregnant instead. Information about
abortion was at a premium.
So Heather Booth began looking for abortion doctors, and better than that, she started
vetting them. After finding the doctors, she sought testimonials about those doctors.
Common problems with abortion doctors ranged from being rude to actually assaulting
their patients; some doctors, who already charged sky-high prices, would demand more
money at the last minute. Booth kept a list of abortion doctors who didn't do those things.
Pretty soon, there were other women who had her list too, and they were vetting doctors
and spreading the word as well. The group also provided counseling before and after the
procedure, letting the patients know what they could expect -- physically and
emotionally. They called themselves ""Jane"": a woman who called them and asked for
""Jane"" was seeking an abortion.
After some time, the women of Jane figured out that abortion isn't a complex procedure,
and they convinced a doctor to teach them how to do it safely. And then they taught each
other. So then they didn't have to refer patients to doctors: they did all the abortions
themselves, and they did them for whatever the patient could spare rather than charging
prices that were out of reach for many women. Jane members continued to provide
emotional support, as well: in the documentary, one member reminisces about how she
would have patients over to dinner with her kids and talk to them for a while before
performing the procedure. It got to the point where doctors and medical students sent
women to Jane, rather than getting referrals from Jane.
That is positive activism. That is building the world we want to see.
When abortion was legalized in 1973, the group quietly disbanded. Some members of
Jane went on to be involved in other parts of the feminist movement or to found respected
women's health organizations.
It's not that Jane had no problems; the organization was not transparent, for example, and
it sounds like there was a fair amount of gossip and internal difficulties. These are typical
issues within small groups, and the stigma and anxiety of what they were doing can't
possibly have helped, but still, it's important to work against those problematic patterns
from the beginning. It's worth it, I think; I'm increasingly convinced that the most
positive direct change can be traced to small, grassroots, community groups. Which
means that making sure your small, grassroots community group is egalitarian but wellorganized
can have ripple effects all down the line.
Another example of such a group might be Chicago's Rape Victim Advocates. RVA was
established in 1974 by doctors and nurses who were appalled by how badly rape
survivors were treated in the emergency room. Back then, there was no public
understanding of how traumatic rape could be, and little understanding of survivors'
experience, even from police and doctors. (An older female friend of mine who was
raped in 1970 once told me that she tried to talk to a psychiatrist about what happened.
He sighed and said, ""Really, do you think that's important?"") Rape Victim Advocates has
always been a network of volunteers who are on-call to come and talk to rape survivors,
but since 1974, it has also developed from a fragile activist group into one with funding
and political presence.
And on a somewhat different note, S&M community organizing is really quite good. A
lot of people don't realize that most S&M community dungeons (unlike the professional
dungeons run by sex workers) are nonprofit organizations, kind of like community
centers. (No, seriously.) People don't just go to community dungeons to do S&M -- they
also go to community dungeons for discussion groups or educational workshops, to learn
how to perform certain activities safely.
Much like Jane, the S&M community has also created a network of necessary references:
the Kink Aware Professionals list. If you've read my work before, you've probably read
about this list, because it had a huge impact on my life and I like to spread the word.
S&M activists in San Francisco realized, years ago, that there was a need for lawyers and
doctors who understood their lives and wouldn't stigmatize their choices, so they wrote
three names on a piece of paper and passed it around. Now, the Kink Aware
Professionals list is an international online directory hosted by the nonprofit National
Coalition for Sexual Freedom.
Again, it's not like there are no problems in the S&M community; people gossip, people
backstab, people fuck up. There's little vetting process for educators or for people who
list themselves on Kink Aware Professionals, and a lot of people run kink classes at least
as much from a desire for status as from a desire to educate. But still, I think the S&M
community is engaging in positive activism... more than a lot of us even realize.
This was a lesson that really hit home for me when I spent a year in Africa working on
HIV mitigation. One of the reasons international aid is so complicated is that figuring out
how to help a community that's not yours is incredibly hard. A lot of well-meaning
Americans (including myself) go abroad with little understanding of how hard it is. The
reality is that assisting with, for example, public health in a foreign place entails learning
the social fabric of that country in a way that outsiders can only do with tons of sustained
effort... and we're still unlikely to be as good as someone who grew up there. One of the
reasons -- maybe the biggest reason -- I left was that it was so obvious to me that I was a
better activist in the USA... even when I wasn't trying to do activism. (When I was there,
I received one letter from an American girl asking for advice on how to do African
activism. My advice to her can be summarized as, ""It's harder than you think, and you
might consider staying home where you're awesomer."")
When HIV began destroying the gay community, the most effective and important
measures to curb it came from people like Richard Berkowitz, the actual gay activist who
wrote a safer sex pamphlet on his home typewriter and then distributed it by hand. They
saw a need and they did something about it. Just like Jane. Just like S&M educators.
You are probably already part of more communities than you might realize. If you go to a
university, you're part of that community. Whether you live in a city neighborhood or a
small town, you're part of that community. If you go to particular clubs, you're in those
communities. There may be aspects of your identity that could align with a community as
well: for example, if you read science fiction there are conventions for that (although of
course, identity communities don't always work for everyone with that identity). These
are places where your knowledge already makes you powerful... so keep an eye out for
needs. (It's also worth considering getting involved in an intentional community. I'm kind
of psycho about housing co-ops, for example, because they are awesome. I personally am
a member of North American Students of Cooperation, but there are other groups, and
there are also independent co-ops that aren't part of larger networks.)
We live in an unstable and fast-paced age. I don't know how people in most other
countries feel, but I know that here in the USA, there is a quite pervasive and quite
justified anxiety among everyone I know in the middle class. Many of our safety nets are
evaporating, and it's not at all clear that they will be replaced. But no matter how much
the people in power fuck us over, we'll never be totally screwed as long as we're not
isolated and we talk to each other.
One of the former members of Jane, a white-haired feminist with such powerful energy
that she practically glows through the screen, says in the documentary: ""Don't stay with
people who tell you you're crazy and useless. Don't stay where you're weak."" That's what
I call an activist click moment: find the other people like you, and organize with them.
That applies to feminism, it applies to sexuality, it applies to public health. Go where
you're strong and make your people stronger.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/03/29/grassroots-organizing-for-feminism-sm-hivand-everything-else/
The film Jane: An Abortion Service is available from the distributor Women Make
Movies:
http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/pages/c410.shtml
* * *
* * *
* * *
ACTIVISM:
[storytime] Interview with Richard Berkowitz, Star of Sex Positive and
Icon of Safer Sex Activism
Richard Berkowitz is an interesting guy. He was active in the gay community in the
1970s and 80s as an S&M sex worker, so he's got plenty of experience with all kinds of
sexual history. Not only that, but he also wrote the very first safer sex pamphlet ever,
when HIV began storming through the gay community. The pamphlet was called ""How to
Have Sex in an Epidemic""; Berkowitz literally wrote it at home on his typewriter and
then distributed copies by hand. Then he was slammed by his own community for doing
so... well, read on and learn more about what happened next.
I was honored to interview Berkowitz in early 2009. I really love it when I get the chance
to talk to boundary-breaking activists who were around before I was born, especially if
their domain is sexuality. I feel a combination of both exhilaration and despair during
these discussions -- exhilaration because I learn how far we've come, and despair
because I can see how we keep making the same mistakes again and again and again.
* * *
Interview with Richard Berkowitz, Star of Sex Positive and Icon of Safer Sex
Activism
Our second film at my awesome sex-positive film series was Sex Positive, a fascinating
documentary about the history of safer sex. I'll be honest: I was psyched about Sex
Positive from day one, long before I'd even seen it. It was the first film I chose for my
film list. In fact, the whole idea for the film series came out of a conversation I had with
Lisa (our lovely Hull-House Museum education coordinator) in which I said that I
wanted to see Sex Positive, and then added, ""There are so many sexuality movies I want
to see. You and I should have a regular movie night!"" She looked at me and said
thoughtfully, ""You know, I bet people besides us would come to that....""
Sex Positive tells the story of Richard Berkowitz -- and how he was one of the first to
spread the word about safer sex in America. Berkowitz, a talented writer, started out as a
hot-blooded participant in the promiscuous gay bathhouse culture; later, he became an
S&M hustler (i.e., a sex worker). When AIDS started decimating the gay community,
Berkowitz was instrumental in teaching his community (and the world) about safer sex.
As it became clear to some medical professionals that sexual promiscuity spread AIDS,
Berkowitz tried to tell the world about their findings. But there was a huge backlash
against him -- because in those days, the promiscuous bathhouse culture was seen by
many gay men as a huge part of identifying as gay and sex-positive... and anyone who
argued against it, or tried to modify it, was therefore cast by many people as sex-negative.
After we screened Sex Positive, I reviewed it on my blog, and Richard Berkowitz himself
read the review! He left a comment offering feedback, and I was so thrilled and honored
to hear from him that I emailed him right away. We talked a little bit, and met in person
last time I was in New York City -- and I practically begged him to let me interview him
by email. Here's the results: a discussion of Richard's history with S&M; what he thinks
about advocacy; his feelings about the gay community and its history; and where he finds
himself in his life right now.
Clarisse Thorn: In Sex Positive, you mention that you didn't initially think of
yourself as a BDSM type, but that you had partners who convinced you to do it. Do
you think you would have gotten into BDSM if you hadn't had partners pressuring
you to do it? Do you think you would have gotten into it if you hadn't been able to
make money at it?
Richard Berkowitz: I was filmed talking in three- to four-hour sessions over the course of
a year about difficult, often painful, personal history. At times I felt uncomfortable, I
made mistakes, so there are moments in Sex Positive that I wish I could clarify -- but it's
not my film. That's why I'm thrilled that you're giving me the first opportunity to address
the moments that make me cringe when I see the movie -- and what amazed me is that
you nailed most of them.
Me -- pressured into S&M? Hell, no. I stumbled across BDSM porn in college, and was
both appalled and more turned on than I was to any other porn. I pursued a few
experiences as a novice when I was in college, and I was completely turned off to the
scene for years. The few Tops I met were clumsy, distracted by fetishes that bored me,
and I was convinced a bottom could easily get hurt -- so I walked away.
When I began hustling in NYC, I was an angry activist and it attracted S&M bottoms that
were happy to teach me what I could do with my anger that was erotic and consensual.
To that I added what I had learned that Tops did wrong -- and presto! I got really good at
it fast -- and I loved it. I was doing two or three scenes a day, but because I could often
steer a scene to what turned me on, it felt more like play than work.
If I hadn't had been trained as a Top by older, experienced bottoms who were hiring me, I
still would have had S&M experiences on my own. But I doubt that I would have gotten
as heavily into the scene if it wasn't for hustling. That's where I earned my S&M PhD.
In 1979, S&M was considered the fallback scene for aging hustlers -- it was what you
turned to when you were losing your youth. There was such a dearth of good Tops. But I
had the raw material to be a great Top at 23, and I built quite a reputation on word-ofmouth
referrals and repeats. Many of my clients became close friends.
CT: Where do you place BDSM in your sexual identity and self-conception? Do you
see it as deeply part of you, or something you chose? Do you think of your BDSM
urges as coming from a place as deep, as intrinsic, as your gay orientation?
RB: I think it's too late for me to answer that question. Turning my libido into an
occupation at 23 changed me in both good ways and bad. It would take a book to explain
-- so let me just say that as a product of gay male sex in the 70s, there was an element of
power intrinsic to the sexuality of the times. That shaped me. I don't see vanilla sex and
S&M sex as mutually exclusive because I believe in Tops and bottoms -- and that's the
basis of BDSM. ""Tops and bottoms"" are not exclusive to BDSM; the terms are widely
used for assigning roles of power in sex in general. Gore Vidal said, ""There is no such
thing as gay and straight -- only top and bottom."" I believe both are true.
But one shouldn't lose sight of the fact that a third of my living space for the past three
decades was a sound-proofed dungeon.
I think that a culture like ours that's based on competition, as opposed to cooperation, can
be extremely sadomasochistic. I think bad S&M can be found in many aspects of our
daily life, and good S&M is just eroticizing aspects of being human that can enhance sex
immensely for some.
CT: What kind of BDSM advocacy have you encountered? What kind of sex work
advocacy have you encountered? What did you think of what you saw? Do you have
any ideas about how to make those movements effective? Do you have any fears
about those movements? Would you consider being part of those movements?
RB: My only fear about those movements would be if they didn't exist! My neighbor
down the hall for the past 25 years built my dungeon and was a co-founder of Gay Male
SM Activists, but I always had too much hot sex going on at home to be interested in
meetings. Plus, I never stopped feeling like a pariah in the gay community because of the
attacks on me and my writing since AIDS began. You reach a point where you just
assume people hate you because it's easier than trying to figure out who doesn't.
I fiercely support BDSM advocacy, but mainly from a distance. There's a limited number
of body blows any activist can take before we just retreat. I had my fill -- but the response
to Sex Positive and the new Obama era is nudging me out of my shell. I had a breakup a
few years ago that devastated me, so I've been out of the scene for almost three years.
Now I'm trying to reinvent myself, find one person I can retreat from the world with. I've
never lied about S&M being an intrinsic part of my sexuality, and because of my early
bad experiences with BDSM, I'm thrilled and inspired by advocates for it. If there had
been BDSM advocacy when I came into BDSM, then I don't think I would have had the
bad experiences I mentioned earlier. As a BDSM sex worker, I met so many men who
had horrible tales of being hurt in scenes, and I did my best to be an antidote for that.
CT: On my blog, you commented that ""Of course BDSM was a source of joy in my
life but I put it aside when it robs me from having a platform to champion safe sex
to the largest possible audience, which BDSM often has."" Could you talk more
about that?
RB: Smear campaigns are hard to pin down, and there's no way to know how much of the
contempt against me or my writing was due to my BDSM, my sex work, my safe sex
evangelism or simply me. I'm just a dangling pinata for people who have issues with sex!
There are gay people of my generation who are as uninformed and rabidly anti-BDSM
sex as homophobes are about gay sex.
I can't think of anyone who has gone on film with such brutally honest testimony about
their radical sexual history as I did in Sex Positive. It felt like a huge risk and you can see
my anxiety in the film, but to me, this level of honesty is crucial to pro-sex activism.
People are so dishonest about sex; many would never talk publicly about their private
sexual behavior -- and they don't want others doing it either, so it's not easy.
There was a doctor I saw once when AIDS began who heard I was into S&M. As he went
to take blood from me, he stabbed the needle into my arm. I bolted out of the chair
screaming, and he said coyly, ""Oh, sorry, I thought you liked pain."" How can I not feel
reticent talking about BDSM considering so many people I've met like that? And then I
think, how can I not?
I've seen the most courageous pro-sex writers and activists attacked, pilloried and
silenced because of their honesty in writing about their kinky sexual histories. I shudder
when I recall the vicious smears against pro-sex feminists by anti-porn feminists back in
the early 80s. I don't want to invite that bile into my life, especially now, when my circle
of gay male friends are no longer alive and here to support me when I go out on a limb
with my personal radical sexual issues in public.
So why did I speak out? Why do I still speak out? Because I owed so much to the army of
men who loved and supported me over the years and no longer have a voice, and because
gay men were dying. It was no time to be squeamish about sex. It still isn't.
CT: Do you have any regrets? -- and, concurrently, what are you most proud of?
Did the making of the film Sex Positive bring any regret or pride to the surface for
you?
RB: I have a few regrets about Sex Positive, but they pale next to what I've gained. I've
been to more cities with this movie in one year than I've been to in my entire life. Young
people have been extraordinarily supportive and kind, and it helps me to let go of the
past. I've been stuck in the past for so long -- it's deadening, but I finally feel that this
movie is breaking me free, to finally let go and move on to write about other things. For
that, I'm forever indebted to Daryl Wein, the documentary's director.
What I'm most proud of is how much work I did on safe sex that no one even knows
about. I'm putting it all on the Internet as a free archive, as soon as I can find or pay
someone to help me with the technical stuff. I'm from the age of typewriters.
CT: Is there anything you'd like to add? Please feel free to also respond directly to
points I made when I talked about Sex Positive on my blog.
RB: I loved S&M hustling before AIDS so much -- sometimes, when I talk about it, I
become the part of me that tied people up and dominated them; it's like a mental erection.
I get lost in the reverie of being an erotic, arrogant Top. I begged director Daryl Wein to
delete me saying that clients would tell me that I could do whatever I wanted to them
except fuck them, and then I would proceed to do just that. I said that when I was lost in a
persona, and it makes me sound like a rapist!
The truth is, my most valued expertise as a hustler was teaching men who were afraid of
getting fucked how to relax, how to douche, how to open up, how to explore the intense
pleasures of receptive anal intercourse and anal orgasm without any pain. I would never
rape or violate anyone's consent -- and certainly not customers I wanted to come back! I
had tremendous empathy for how difficult it can be to learn how to get anally fucked
because I was never able -- or had the desire -- to do it without being high on drugs. (You
have to remember how pervasive recreational drug use was during the sexual revolution.
There were articles in the gay press saying how cocaine was good for you. We didn't
understand addiction then as we do now. And we paid a heavy price for that innocence
and ignorance.)
When I began hustling in NYC, the lesbian and gay liberation movement was ten years
old -- and about that mature. We grew up in such an intensely erotophobic and
homophobic culture -- there was no way to escape it, even after we accepted that we were
gay. We didn't always treat each other well, and it permeated our sexual expression
whether it was vanilla or S&M.
You mention in your blog post that you are wary of how I talk about BDSM as arising
from ""self-loathing"" and ""insecurity"" and negative cultural pressures on the gay
community. Yes -- in S&M and in vanilla sex -- I saw how we brought a lot of the
culture's contempt to what we did. But, as I say in Sex Positive, many of us came to
realize this, and we understood that a lot of sexual fantasies are socially constructed by
the times that shaped us. Many of us came to realize that sexual fantasies don't diminish
us as people -- they can actually help free and enrich us when we understand what we're
doing.
I'm reluctant to put myself forward as a role model for BDSM and sex work, because of
what happened to me after AIDS when I went back to hustling. I was furious that there
was no place in the community for me to do safe sex education. I felt so hurt that some
people only saw me as a sex worker/sadomasochist and that political differences got in
the way of saving sexually active gay men's lives. You can't imagine the rage I felt that it
took two entire years after we wrote and published ""How to Have Sex in an Epidemic""
for NYC to do its first safe sex campaign. I went back to hustling in such despair that I
was an addiction waiting to happen, and that's what did.
In the end, though, BDSM and my love for it is part of what saved my life. If I weren't so
busy hustling with BDSM before AIDS and safe sex, I would have spent much more time
at the baths having high risk sex, and died long ago. I think each of us has a limit to how
much sex and how many different partners our spirits can bear. Sex can become an
addiction, and when you reach that point, people use recreational drugs to keep that level
of hypersexual activity going. If I had found a place in safe sex education, my life would
have been a much happier, healthier journey. But I never lose sight of how grateful I am
to still be here, or how much joy and pleasure sexual freedom gave me until the world I
loved started collapsing all around me and taking the men I loved along with it.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2009/03/23/interview-with-richard-berkowitz-star-of-sexpositive-and-icon-of-safer-sex-activism/
Check out Richard Berkowitz's web site to read more about him and investigate his book
(which I admit I have not read), Stayin' Alive: The Invention of Safe Sex:
http://richardberkowitz.com/
And seriously, if you get the chance, watch Daryl Wein's awesome documentary Sex
Positive:
http://www.sexpositive-themovie.com/
* * *
* * *
* * *
ABUSE:
[theory] Social Responsibility Within Activism
I wrote this post in 2010 for Thanksgiving (the original post had a bunch of ""thank yous""
at the end, which I removed from this version). The questions here seem to be some of the
biggest recurring questions in my life. Later events have taught me a lot about work that
has already been done on accountability within communities. In particular, I want to
highlight the book The Revolution Starts At Home: Confronting Intimate Violence
Within Activist Communities (edited by Ching-In Chen, Jai Dulani, and Leah Lakshmi
Piepzna-Samarasinha), which was published in 2011.
But there's a lot of other work out there on how to deal with a perpetrator of violence
without resorting to our corrupt and violent established prison system. People of color
should be credited for much of this work, because communities of color are rarely wellserved
by the criminal justice system, and thus have particular incentives to seek
alternatives. Sometimes, this field is called ""transformative justice"" or ""restorative
justice."" Here is a post that links to a number of resources on transformative justice:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/01/30/some-transformative-justice-links/
* * *
Social Responsibility Within Activism
Tonight I had Thanksgiving dinner with my mother and her boyfriend. Some friends of
my mother attended, one of whom is a lesbian who I'll call Kay. Kay attended dinner
with her mother, who is unaware of Kay's sexual orientation. One of the reasons Kay's
mom doesn't know about Kay's sexual orientation is that Kay's mom has already behaved
quite badly towards Kay's elder sister, who is an out-of-the-closet lesbian.
I knew this whole situation going in, and one thing that struck me was how much of a
nice person Kay's mom is. I mean... she's really nice. I mean, she clearly tries to be a
good person. She also tried really hard to help me do the dishes. (I didn't let her because I
wanted them all to myself.)
I've been thinking a lot lately about how to engage with people who have done bad
things, or who are currently doing things I think are bad (like shaming their lesbian
daughters). It wouldn't have been right to throw my sex-positive ideas on the table while
talking to Kay's mom -- mostly because Kay specifically asked me not to, ahead of time.
But. The most powerful tool for getting people to reconsider their stigma against
alternative sexuality is personal engagement. Don't I have some responsibility here? Is
there something I can do?
Other examples of this are rife. One very intense, very important issue I grappled with
this week was having a friend email me to inform me that another friend -- someone I
like and admire a lot -- has been credibly accused of sexual assault by a person who will
never press charges. This has come up before in my life... every time it's a little different,
and yet so many things are the same: a person is assaulted, the news gets out among
friends, the survivor doesn't press charges, there is confusion among the friends about
how to act, eventually things die down, and I feel as though I should have done more.
When I was in high school, one of my closest male friends raped a female acquaintance
of mine. She didn't press charges and they later had a romance that was, to all
appearances, consensual. I pieced events together slowly -- he did acknowledge what he'd
done, though never directly to me. I didn't know what to do, at the time, and I still feel as
though I should have done so much more. He and I were so close. I never had the nerve
to directly talk to him about what happened, because -- even though we never talked
directly about it -- I saw evidence that he felt terrible about it, and I was sure that I could
devastate him by talking about it more. But still... I should have talked to him.
I also feel as though I should have supported her more, but I don't know what I could
have said. There were people who told her that she shouldn't be having a consensual
relationship with her rapist. It seemed wrong to tell her that -- I felt like it eroded her
agency, attacked her right to choose -- so I didn't say it. If I had said it, though, would
that have been helpful to her? What could I have done to be a better resource for her?
Especially given that I was such close friends with him?
I was young(er), but that's no excuse. Then again, what am I excusing? I did nothing. But
I should have done more.
Now, again, I have a friend, a good friend, who assaulted someone. It's a friend in the
local S&M community. I don't know the survivor at all. I have to talk to my friend about
it, but what do I say, and what happens next? Feminism instructs us that we should listen
to the voices of survivors, that community mores and community condemnation are what
stops rape from happening. I believe these things to be true; and there are people close to
me who have survived rape, and I really want to make sure I'm doing everything I can to
ensure that rape stops happening. But I intensely wish that I had more guidance on what
exactly to say, how exactly to act, to change the mores.
I emailed my ex-boyfriend Mr. Chastity for advice, because he's got one of the finest
ethical minds I've ever been lucky enough to engage with. Here's part of what he wrote
back:
I've tried to distill your messages into a few questions, and I ended up with ""How does
one parse a situation in which a friend, and an otherwise noble person, seems to have
done serious wrong?"" and ""What are a person's moral obligations in this case?""
Nobody is composed of unmixed goodness or evil, no matter how much of a
paragon/fiend 1) they seem to be or 2) their principles require. People we respect and
love are not forces of nature or avatars of their cause of choice, no matter how
thoroughly they embody it to us. I don't say this because I think you haven't considered it,
but because I know I've had a lot of trouble absorbing it over the years and think it might
therefore bear restating to others, too.
As an individual, a person has a relatively large degree of freedom in action and
association. I think where this case becomes truly difficult to consider is when we bring
in justice and the community. Because the means of enforcement of the rules of these
communities is so interpersonal, one's interpersonal actions take on an unusual role of
community-level justice as well as merely justice between two people. I can't see how it
could ever be good to allow things like this to just slide. Honestly, I'm not sure what else
you can do but (as you suggest in one of your messages) politely ask your friend about
their take on the story. If nothing else, it will demonstrate that people are paying
attention to this thing and might give you some insight into their character and opinions
of the issue.
He's right. I agree. But. What now? How do I ask, what do I say? How can I tell if my
friend has dealt with whatever healing has to take place in order for such assaults not to
happen again?
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/11/26/social-responsibility-activism-and-givingthanks/
It is really worth reading about work that's already been done on transformative justice:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/01/30/some-transformative-justice-links/
* * *
* * *
* * *
BOUNDARIES:
[storytime] Taking Care Of Each Other
This was originally published in 2012 at the girl-power site OffOurChests.com.
* * *
Taking Care Of Each Other
As a sex educator, I think a lot about how to teach boundaries. I try to come up with
exercises, stories, maxims that could help people respect their own bodies, minds, and
desires; and of course I also think about how to encourage people to respect others'
boundaries. But the biggest influences on a person's boundaries have nothing to do with
what I teach. Good boundaries are (hopefully) demonstrated by parents, influenced by
friends, and encouraged by partners.
Within a community, though, I also think it's really important not to tell people what to
do. I believe that it's crucial to be a good resource for the people close to us, without
trying to force them to do what we think is best. That way, we can both build trust and
foster independence. On the other hand, sometimes it's hard to know how to do that when
I know more about a certain subject than someone else. It is so powerfully tempting to
tell them what I think they should do!
I was thinking about this recently when, out of the blue, I remembered something that
happened when I was 16 or 17. I'd just had a nasty breakup, I was really unhappy about
my ex, and I was trying marijuana. I had never smoked before.
There were a bunch of other people my age present -- including a guy who'd been flirting
with me for a while. When he passed me the marijuana, he kissed me. I kissed back. I
wasn't attracted to him, but I felt so empty and hurt, and I guess it was reassuring that
someone wanted me, despite the fact that my ex-boyfriend didn't.
Also around was a girl who I'll call Lena. I had always seen Lena as tough and no-
nonsense, but I didn't know much else about her. I think she probably considered me a bit
naive. Anyway, Lena watched the situation and my body language; she knew that it was
my first time smoking. A few minutes later, she took me aside. I don't remember the
exact conversation, but I seem to recall that it went something like this:
""Clarisse,"" Lena said, ""how are you feeling?""
""I'm not sure,"" I said. Truth be told, I felt a bit numb.
Lena looked directly into my face. ""How far do you want to go tonight?"" she asked.
I looked away. I felt embarrassed because she seemed so composed. I felt like an airhead
compared to her. We were standing next to a wooden wall, and I pretended to study the
wood-grain. ""I don't know,"" I said vaguely.
""If you can tell me how far you want to go tonight,"" Lena said firmly, ""then I'll make sure
nothing goes past that. Do you want to keep making out? Do you want to do more than
make out?""
I traced a knot in the wood with my finger. ""Making out,"" I decided.
""Okay,"" Lena said, and nodded. I don't remember if she said anything else, but as she
took me back to the group I still felt a little embarrassed -- and also incredibly relieved.
I wonder if I ever thanked Lena? I should have; maybe I'll try to find her on Facebook or
something. Because I really did feel a lot safer that night, knowing that Lena was looking
out for me. I made out with that gentleman a little bit more, but after a while I put a stop
to it, and nothing else happened.
Maybe if Lena hadn't been there, I still would have had the wherewithal to stop making
out with him; or maybe I would have felt so confused, anxious, numb that I let it go
further. (And I can tell you for sure that I'm glad it didn't go further.) Or, God forbid,
maybe if she hadn't been there then I would have been actively pressured into something
that I actively objected to.
Before that, it had never occurred to me to set a clear boundary before I hooked up with a
guy. That's an important lesson in itself! Even more importantly, though, Lena didn't tell
me what to do. She didn't say anything about how I should be sexual, or who I should do
it with. She didn't shame me for what was up. She just asked me what I wanted, and then
she offered me her support.
Certainly, Lena is just one small piece in the puzzle of my life. But I still remember her,
and I admire and thank her. My parents have offered me a lot of support throughout my
life, both in my relationships and otherwise. I've had partners who helped show me what
it means to create a low-pressure sexual environment, or who helped me learn clear
sexual communication. Still, Lena stands out in my mind -- someone I barely knew, yet
someone who helped show me what it means to be among women who stand up for each
other and help preserve each other's boundaries.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://offourchests.com/taking-care-of-each-other/
* * *
* * *
* * *
MANLINESS:
[theory] Questions I Want To Ask Entitled Cis Het Men
I wrote this piece in 2009. It was the culmination of years I'd spent thinking about
masculinity, manliness, and men's gender role. I was relatively new to blogging, and I
hadn't yet established myself. I thought that the most controversial things I would ever
write would be about S&M. I was wrong.
I published this in three parts, and it got a huge response. The major feminist blog Alas!
A Blog asked to repost it, for example, but there was a much bigger reaction among nonfeminist
and anti-feminist men. Some wrote responses with titles like ""Answers for an
Entitled Feminist."" Others actually came over to my blog and engaged me, with varying
results. It kicked off a long, dense discussion in my blog Comments section, which lasted
for over a year and thousands of comments. I wrote a number of followups, including
some that got me labeled ""brainwashed by the patriarchy"" by other feminist women.
Some of the guys I was talking to got me interested in the ""pickup artist subculture"" or
""seduction community"" -- a group of men who trade tips, tricks, and tactics on how to
seduce women. Eventually, I did an in-depth investigation of that subculture and wrote
the book Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser: Long Interviews with Hideous Men,
which contains some of my best work on masculinity, communication, and sexuality. You
can buy that on Smashwords at this link:
https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/144451
One thing I've discovered over the last few years, as I learned more about the history of
feminism, is that there are excellent reasons why most feminists are unwilling to talk
about men's problems. There's a ton of politics involved, and a lot of very justified fears
about the political ground we could lose. We still have a long way to go when it comes to
gender equality. But I do believe that those fears are often overblown.
And I've also discovered that there's a subgroup of feminists that's much more likely to be
open to talking about men's experience: it's the sex-positive feminists, especially the
S&M feminists. To be sure, there are exceptions. Plenty of S&M feminists see no reason
to discuss men's experience, and of course, plenty of S&M feminists don't like my writing
in particular. But most feminist essays I've found about masculinity were written by
women who openly admitted that they were into S&M -- Gayle Rubin, author of the
pioneering sexuality essay ""Thinking Sex,"" is one good example. Maybe the S&M
feminists are the ones most likely to intuitively understand that power is never a onedimensional
picture or a one-way street.
* * *
Questions I Want To Ask Entitled Cis Het Men, Part 1: Who Cares?
Why do I care about masculinity?
I'm rather perverted, but not enormously queer. I present as femme, and -- although I've
been known to tease my sensitive (frequently long-haired) lovers for being
""unmasculine"" -- I fall in love with men. I'm hardly one to go for the ""manly man"" type,
but at heart, I love knowing that I'm fucking a man.
However, because I'm cisgendered and straight, I feel profoundly at a loss when trying to
articulate problems of (for lack of a better phrase) ""Men's Empowerment."" The issues
don't feel ""native"" to me; I've intersected with these questions mainly through the lens of
lovers and friends. Watching their struggle is demoralizing, but trying to imagine how I
can give them feedback is more demoralizing.
A male friend once wrote to me, ""I think you personally find expressions of
masculinity hot, but you also have no patience with sexism. You've caught on that it's
tricky for men to figure out how to deliver both of these things you need, that you don't
have a lot of good direction to give to fellas about it, and that neither does anyone else.""
So:
How can men be supportive and non-oppressive while remaining overtly masculine?
On top of my limited perspective, there's been an echoing lack of discourse -- that is, very
little mainstream acknowledgement of the problems of masculinity. The primary factor in
that silence is that normative cis men themselves tend to be flatly unwilling to discuss
gender/sex issues. Often, their first objection is that the discussion is neither important
nor relevant. This is true even within subcultures centered around sexual analysis, like the
BDSM world -- I once met a cis male BDSMer who said, ""Why bother talking about
male sexuality? It's the norm. Fish don't have a word for water.""
But if masculine sexuality is water and we're fish, why doesn't that motivate us to
examine it more -- not less?
Don't get me wrong: I agree that America's sexual conceptions are centered around
stereotypical male sexuality, and I agree that this is damaging and problematic. Believe
me, I'm furious that it took me many years to reconceive ""actual"" sex around acts other
than good ole penis-in-vagina penetration! But if American stereotypes and ideas of
sexuality are male-centered, then surely that makes it more useful for us to be thinking
about male sexuality -- not less.
And those male-centered ideas of sexuality aren't centered around all men -- just
stereotypical men. LGBTQ men are obvious examples whose sexuality falls outside the
norm; fortunately for them, they've created some spaces to discuss that. But there are lots
of other non-normative guys who aren't gay or queer, yet feel very similar sexual
alienation -- and because there's so little discourse about masculinity outside LGBTQ
circles, they usually just don't talk about it.
What does it mean to be a cis het man whose sexuality isn't normative? Which straight
cis guys don't fit -- and hence, feel alienated from -- our current overarching sexual
stereotypes?
Guys who identify as straight BDSM submissives are one fabulous example of nonnormative
men who are frequently alienated from mainstream masculine sexuality, but
who often don't have a forum. Men with small penises are a second. There are lots of
others. In the words of sex blogger and essayist Thomas Millar: ""The common
understanding of male sexuality is a stereotype, an ultra-narrow group of desires and
activities oriented around PIV [penis-in-vagina], anal intercourse and blowjobs; oriented
around cissexual women partners having certain very narrow groups of physical
characteristics.""
Still, that doesn't mean that straight, dominant, big-dicked dudes who love boning thin
chicks feel totally okay about the current state of affairs. It just means they tend to have
less immediate motivation to question it. They also have less of an eye for spotting
gender oppression, because -- though they've got their own boxes hemming them in --
they're still more privileged than the rest of us, and the nature of privilege is to blind the
privileged class to its existence.
A male submissive once told me, ""Lots of heteronormative men know something is
wrong with the way we think about sex and gender. I can see them struggling with it
when we talk. They can't put their finger on it; they have a hard time engaging it. But I
engage it all the time; I have to, because my sexuality opposes it.""
When is it to a man's advantage to examine and question masculinity and stereotypes of
male sexuality? Which men are motivated to do so?
It's tempting to assert that men whose desires fit neatly (or at least mostly) within the
stereotype have it made -- after all, their sexuality works within the norm so many of us
struggle to escape. But I've had this assumption corrected several times, usually by smart
""stereotypical"" men themselves. At one point, while developing a sexuality workshop, I
sent the outline to a bunch of friends. The original draft contained this paragraph: ""Our
sexual scripts favor a certain stereotype of men and male sexual pleasure, which makes it
hard for women to figure out what we really want and what we really enjoy, and also
makes it harder for non-stereotypical men to figure that out."" One friend sent that
paragraph back, having quietly appended: ""... as well as for stereotypical men to discover
or explore new desires beyond the stereotypical script.""
When we discuss the limitations around sexuality from a non-normative perspective, how
do we exclude normative people who might develop themselves in new directions if they
had the chance? What do normative men stand to gain by thinking outside the box about
masculinity and sexuality?
* * *
Questions I Want To Ask Entitled Cis Het Men, Part 2: Men's Rights
In the 2006 documentary ""Boy I Am"", a trans man talks about how one of his mental
barriers to transitioning was the fact that after transition, he would be a ""white male.""
And, he laughs, the ""last thing in the world"" he wanted to be was a white male!
A year or two ago, I attended a lecture by Jackson Katz, a rather overtly masculine, cis
male anti-abuse educator who lectures in colleges around the country. Bullet-headed and
aggressive in stance, he said a lot of valuable things -- particularly about how men ought
to take ownership of problems we traditionally consider ""women's issues."" It's certainly
true that if we want to end male abuse of women, men must participate in the movement.
But although Katz discussed some issues of masculinity, I heard little about how we can
make things better for men. His proposition of a men's movement was centered around
correcting the things some men are doing wrong.
Although they're often watered down, many feminist concepts have gone mainstream.
For instance, Americans have some consciousness of traditional feminist critiques about
how women's bodies are represented in the media. Indeed, that consciousness has become
so endemic that, in a grandly ironic twist, marketers now capitalize on it to sell beauty
products: the nationwide Dove Campaign for Real Beauty attempts to use
deconstruction of the media's representation of women to sell Dove soap. Americans
are also quite aware of men as the privileged class -- sometimes regarded outright as the
oppressors.
But this shift in awareness about gender issues faced by women has not been
accompanied by a widespread understanding of gender issues faced by men. And that
creates situations like an activist working towards a masculinity movement that talks
mainly about how men are hurting women, or a trans man who has trouble with the idea
of transitioning partly because he doesn't want to be a white man -- one of the oppressors.
How can awareness of oppressive dynamics make it difficult for men to own their
masculinity? Does male privilege ever make life harder for men? When does male
privilege blind us to oppression of masculinity? There's some mainstream awareness of
gender issues faced by women; is there any similar awareness of the problems of
masculinity?
A good friend of mine first caught my attention by talking about gender. We encountered
each other at a BDSM meetup, and when I mentioned that I'd been thinking about the
boxes around masculine sexuality, he launched into a rant about oppressive sexual
dynamics. He gave me references to complex sexuality blogs and intelligently used
words like ""heteronormative"" and ""patriarchy."" But a month or so after we started talking,
I mentioned his interest in gender issues... and he gave me a puzzled look. ""I'm not really
into gender studies,"" he said.
He talks about sex, gender and culture all the time -- but he also specifically identifies as
highly masculine, and felt that to be at odds with identifying as someone who questions
masculinity. As Thomas Millar writes in his aforementioned article: ""There's a huge
unstated assumption that to even address the question [of male sexuality], for men, is to
mark one's self as 'other.' ... cis het men are brought up to fear that their masculinity could
ever be called into question. By even opening up a dialog, I think some folks fear that
they are conceding that their sexuality is not uncontroversial.""
Men currently experience this problem in a way that women do not. In other words,
women don't risk being seen as unfeminine as easily as men risk being seen as
unmasculine; nor do we have quite the same fears about it. In 2008, a group of
researchers published a paper called ""Precarious Manhood."" Their concluding statement:
""Our findings suggest that [so-called] real men experience their gender as a tenuous
status that they may at any time lose and about which they readily experience anxiety and
threat."" Earlier in the paper, they wrote that -- although ""our focus on manhood does not
deny the importance of women's gender-related struggles"" -- ""Women who do not live up
to cultural standards of femininity may be punished, rejected, or viewed as 'unladylike,'
but rarely will their very status as women be questioned in the same way as men's status
often is.""
When is it to a man's disadvantage to publicly examine and question masculinity? Surely
the mere act of questioning and examining gender does not make a man less masculine;
how can we work against the perception that it does?
At the same time, though, this isn't a ""with us or against us"" situation: men who don't
choose to identify as non-normative also don't tend to join the ""opposition."" By
""opposition"" I mean folks like ""Men's Rights Activists"" (on the Internet we call them
MRAs). MRAs -- at least according to my stereotype of them -- are conscious of social
and legal disadvantages suffered by men, such as the fact that men are at a severe
disadvantage in child custody cases; at the same time, they're blind to male privilege. It's
a deadly combination. My personal favorite MRA quotation ever is, ""White men are the
most discriminated-against group in the country."" Mercifully, MRAs are a fringe group,
but they make a big impression.
My ""not into gender studies"" friend once told me that although he frequently deconstructs
problems of masculinity in the privacy of his own mind, he doesn't like to publicly have
those conversations because he doesn't want to sound like an MRA. He said, ""A lot of the
time, men who want to think seriously about masculinity won't talk about it aloud
because we really don't want to be that."" He later added, ""It's very tricky to discuss
masculinity yet avoid simply devolving into male entitlement. That's the crux of the
problem with the 'Men's Movement' assholes -- none of them are addressing the
underlying problems of masculinity. They're just whining about not receiving the
privileges their cultural conditioning tells them to expect.""
How do the current ""men's rights movements"" discourage men who might, in a different
climate, be very interested in discussing masculinity? Assuming men can reclaim the
""pro-masculinity movement"" from MRAs, do any men feel motivated to do so? Can men
occupy the middle ground between MRAs and LGBTQ, feminist, or other leftist
discussions of gender -- that is, can men find space to discuss masculinity without being
aligned with ""one side or the other""?
All too frequently in radical sex/gender circles, the theme has been blame. Men in
particular are excoriated for failing to adequately support feminism -- or criticized for
failing to join the fight against oppressive sex and gender norms -- but few ideas are
offered for how men can be supportive and non-oppressive while remaining overtly
masculine, especially if their sexuality is normative (e.g., straight/dominant/big-dicked).
There are fragments: some insight might be drawn from the ways in which many BDSM
communities create non-oppressive frameworks within which we have our deliciously
oppressive sex. With practice, one can get shockingly good at preserving a heavy
dominant/submissive dynamic that still allows both partners to talk about their other
needs. Surely that understanding of sexual roles vs. other needs could be adapted to the
service of gender identity. Yet so many BDSMers still fall prey to the same old gendered
preconceptions, and talk nonsense about how ""all women are naturally submissive"" or
whatever.
Don't get me wrong: of course anyone would deserve plenty of blame if they refused to
let go of their entitlement, or chose not to examine the ways their behavior might
support an oppressive system. But I think men exist who are willing to do those things,
yet feel blocked from relevant discussions because participating creates anxiety about
their sexual or gender identity. It strikes me as unreasonable to attack them for that.
Choosing to present one's sexuality and/or gender identity in a normative way is not in
itself a sin. It's not fair to expect people to fit themselves into a box that doesn't suit them
-- not even for The All-Important Cause of better understanding sex and gender.
Where can we find ideas for how men can be both supportive and non-oppressive, and
overtly masculine? How can we make it to normative men's advantage to analyze
masculine norms? What does it look like to be masculine, but liberated from the
strictures of stereotypical masculinity? How can we contribute to a Men's Movement that
encompasses all three bases -- being perceived as masculine, acknowledging male
privilege, and deconstructing the problems of masculinity?
* * *
Questions I Want To Ask Entitled Cis Het Men, Part 3: Space for Men
I'm about to assert something that makes me nervous, because I worry that people are
going to stick me in the ""asshole MRA"" box. Don't get me wrong: I certainly don't think
that women have it better, overall, than men do. But I do wonder whether it might be
good for feminists to acknowledge that -- although we don't experience nearly as
much privilege as men -- there are a lot of advantages women experience that men don't.
Because women aren't seen as threatening, we have an easier time doing confrontational
things like approaching strangers on the street. Because women aren't seen as fighters, we
stand a lower chance of being mugged than men do. Because women are seen as
emotional, we're given a huge amount of social space to consider and discuss our
feelings. I can work with and be affectionate with children far more easily than a man
could. I can be explicit and overt about my sexuality without being viewed as a creep.
And there are at least a few recurring complaints about how trying to be masculine can
suck. First and foremost: that men don't feel they've been taught to process their
emotions, or don't feel allowed to display them. Another: that they're perceived as less
manly if they don't achieve success through a career, especially if they aren't the main
breadwinner for their family. A third: that men are expected to be sexually insatiable, or
always to be sexually available.
Of course, it's worth noting that the advantages women experience are almost always the
flip side of unfortunate stereotypes. For instance, one might say that women get more
social space for emotion because we're stereotyped as irrational and hysterical. But that
doesn't change the fact that most of us easily grasp that space, while most men don't. And
if we can reject the Oppression Olympics for just one minute and stop thinking about
who's got it worse, it becomes clear that the advantages and drawbacks associated with
being both male and female are intertwined. The two systems reinforce, and cannot
function without, each other. The gender binary may not hurt everyone equally, but it
hurts everyone. As those beautiful ""Every Girl / Every Boy"" posters say, the most
obvious example is: ""For every girl who is tired of acting weak when she is strong, there
is a boy tired of appearing strong when he feels vulnerable.""
I do suspect that it may not be psychologically realistic to ask people from our underdogloving
culture to embrace an image of themselves as privileged; my thoughts turn again
to the trans man who hated the thought of being a white male. But if we feminists can't
work productively from a stance that acknowledges our social advantages, how can we
expect straight/dominant/big-dicked men to do it?
Could feminist acknowledgment of the women's gender-based advantages help pave the
way for more men to acknowledge male privilege? Could feminist acknowledgment of the
advantages on both sides of the gender binary help us better grasp what sucks about
being a guy?
Am I citing Thomas MacAulay Millar too much here? Well, at least once, he frustrated
me. Amongst the comments on one blog post, I thought he was stating his views about
stereotypical guys rather harshly. I suggested that it might be better to seek common
ground, or at least to explain things gently; he said he wasn't interested -- ""I think we all
work with some people where they are and can't soft-sell our views enough to deal with
others."" He added, ""If I'm going to alienate someone for saying what I think too bluntly,
I'll pick entitled cis het dudes.""
I won't pretend I didn't laugh when I read that -- but I worried about it, too. I've had an
enormous number of experiences trying to discuss feminism/sex/gender with men in
which the men tensed, bristled, and closed me out. I don't think it was always because
those guys couldn't stand the thought of losing their privilege, either. I think a lot of
dudes have been led to feel that they have no place in gender discussions -- that those
discussions will always be about what men are doing wrong, and that no one's prepared
to work with them where they are.
All groups have outsiders. Movements inevitably form themselves around oppositional
forces. As someone who's spent her share of time feeling feminist rage, I'd say that being
filled with feminist rage is totally understandable. And seriously, don't get me wrong: I'm
not giving unfeminist guys a free pass. I'm not happy about the fact that so many men are
apparently alienated from feminism because us radicals are too confrontational -- or too
uncomfortably correct -- for their fragile masculine egos to handle. (I'm being sarcastic!
Mostly.) I'm really not happy about the fact that I've got to think about marketing antioppression
-- in a just universe, wouldn't anti-oppression market itself?
But at the same time, I'm a realist. I know this isn't a just universe, and I want to use
tactics that'll achieve my goals. Which are: I'd really like to find more men at my side in
the sex and gender wars. I'd really like to talk to more guys who don't see ideas stamped
with feminism as an attack -- rather, as an opportunity for alliance. Plus, if we're going to
think in terms of cold hard tactics, it's worth noting that normative men hold most of the
power in America. (That's part of what we're complaining about, right?) So swelling our
ranks with The Oppressive Class means we can ruthlessly use their power for good.
Can we do better at making feminist discourses around gender and sexuality open to
normative men, without driving ourselves crazy? How can we make our movement open
to, and accepting of, normative men? Put another way, how do we convince normative
men to support us?
Maybe we don't need a lot of normative men in the camp of sex and gender radicals;
maybe we'll be happier without silly Gender Studies 101 questions clotting our
discussions. Still, even if we don't try to ""recruit"" them, I'd love to see more widespread
analysis of masculinity and masculine sexuality amongst normative dudes... if only
because getting a sense for their societal boxes might simply make them happier. If only
because I think they've got their own liberation to strive for.
So at the very least, I'd like to contribute to an America where serious examination of
masculinity and male sexuality can flourish.
That's my final question. How do I do it?
* * *
The above entries originally appeared at:
and
and
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2009/10/18/questions-i-want-to-ask-entitled-cis-het-menpart-1/
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2009/10/20/questions-i-want-to-ask-entitled-cis-het-menpart-2-mens-rights/
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2009/10/24/questions-i-want-to-ask-entitled-cis-het-menpart-3-space-for-men/
The first followup (plus many many comments) is available at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2009/12/09/manliness-and-feminism-the-followup/
* * *
* * *
* * *
EDUCATION:
[theory] Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 1: Abstinence
In 2009-2010, I spent a year in sub-Saharan Africa working on HIV mitigation. It was
fascinating, frustrating, heartbreaking work. I learned an enormous amount about the
possibilities and pitfalls of foreign aid, public health, and global injustice -- far more
than I could ever summarize in an introductory paragraph. Maybe someday I'll write
more about it all, but in the meantime, if my articles leave you with an appetite for more,
then I recommend two wrenching books: Letting Them Die: Why HIV/AIDS Prevention
Programmes Fail by Catherine Campbell, and The Wisdom of Whores: Bureaucrats,
Brothels and the Business of AIDS by Elizabeth Pisani. (Pisani's book in particular gave
me so many moments of recognition that I was almost offended. I was like, dammit,
Elizabeth Pisani, this is the book I wanted to write!)
In early 2010, while I was still in Africa, I began writing a series of articles about my
experiences. These articles were published at CarnalNation.com and edited by Chris
Hall, who is a smart sex-positive writer in his own right. I'm especially grateful to Chris
because, unlike a lot of editors, he made the effort to grasp where I was coming from; he
always made requests rather than demands, and never changed my work without
consulting me. Good editors are hard to come by, and I hope that when I edit other
writers' work today, I do credit to the model Chris provided.
I'm sad to report that CarnalNation ceased publishing new articles in late 2010,
although you can still read the archives online (and I encourage you to do so). There are
a lot of ""sex-positive"" websites out there that have little real understanding of sex
communities, activism, etc. -- not to mention, there are websites that hire talented and
ethical writers, but then hide truly unethical business practices. But from what I could
tell, CarnalNation was the real deal. The list of contributors read like a Sex-Positive All-
Stars, and I was proud to be part of it.
So, anyway. This is the first of a bunch of articles that I originally wrote about sex and
culture in southern Africa. Like all my writing, it's framed within my own experience.
(I'm not republishing all the Africa articles in this book, but they're all available in my
CarnalNation archive.) And before we get into it, I would like to note one final thing.
One problem with how many Westerners write about Africa is that they treat Africa as
""one country"": there's little acknowledgment that Africa is a huge, diverse continent full
of many different cultures. I try to avoid that, but I also write under a pseudonym, and
thus I can't write too precisely about where I was or what I did in Africa. I'm sorry about
that, and I hope I don't come off as too much of a colonialist asshole.
* * *
Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 1: Abstinence
In the beginning of 2009, I made a name for myself as a sex-positive, pro-BDSM
educator in Chicago -- and no one was more surprised than me by how suddenly
successful I was! I curated the explosive pro-sex, pro-queer, pro-kink documentary film
series Sex+++ at Jane Addams Hull-House Museum. I lectured on both BDSM and
sexual communication in Chicago, San Francisco and New York. I even fielded a call
from Oprah's office! Then, just as my life was going all crazy, I was offered a job doing
HIV/AIDS mitigation in southern Africa. I've wanted to do it for years, so I accepted --
though not without some soul-searching.
Rather a change of pace, right? I thought I might even give up basic romance by coming
here... but not so fast. Only a month after moving, I met a guy I really liked. He's another
American, also here to work on HIV/AIDS; we live a bit far apart, but flirted constantly
by text message. We discussed etymology, traded literary recommendations, compared
religion -- I'm Unitarian, he's a Baha'i convert. He lived one summer in Chicago, and we
discovered that we'd shopped at the same bookstores.
One night, we found ourselves in the same nightclub. Using a cigarette as an excuse to go
outside, we abandoned the music and talked for hours. Our friends came to check on us
multiple times, with varying degrees of smirking insinuation; we kept promising to go
back in after one cigarette, then neglecting to actually smoke it. The conversation went
through homesickness, ethics, roleplaying games, more literature. I lent him a book. He
promised to visit me.
His next text message, a few days later, was plainly nervous. Can you imagine someone
blurting a text message? That's what he did when he told me that he takes the ""no sex
before marriage"" part of his Baha'i faith seriously. I was stunned -- but I had to laugh,
too. Of course Miss Clarisse Thorn, pro-sex advocate, just had to fixate on a man who
wouldn't sleep with her!
* * *
I did not undergo abstinence-only sex education. My middle school's health teachers were
admirably forthright and even hosted condom demonstrations in the auditorium, more
power to 'em. I also had the good fortune to be raised Unitarian -- so I received incredibly
compassionate, complete sex education in Sunday School.
Still, for a long time I was strongly attracted to chastity. In my teens, I decided that I
wouldn't lose my virginity until I was much older -- I think I picked age 25 -- because I
wanted to be sure I'd be mature enough to handle it. This resolution didn't last, but after I
became sexually active, I occasionally came back to the idea. A few female friends took
""time off"" -- in some cases, full years of abstinence. I considered doing so myself,
strongly and for a long time.
Back then, I was terrible at communicating about sex. Reading explicit sex scenes made
me feel anxious, perhaps because I felt they set standards I couldn't ""perform."" Talking
explicitly to my partners felt impossible, not least because I had practically no idea what I
wanted. Worst of all, I could feel the societal boxes around my sexuality, but I couldn't
articulate them. Plus, there were dark undercurrents to my sexuality that simply scared
me. Abstinence was the only obvious way around my sex-negative cultural baggage!
Once I adjusted into my BDSM orientation, once I got a grip on how to circumvent some
problems with how Americans tend to think about sex, once I experienced mutual sexual
communication that was totally trusting and adventurous... my attraction to chastity was
greatly reduced. These days, the idea only seems awesome when (a) I've just been
romantically burned, or (b) I want more time to myself.
It's tempting to think that Mr. Chastity might be the same way: that he's uncomfortable
for similar reasons; that he'll ""get over it."" Tempting -- and offensively presumptuous.
Maybe he'll re-examine his motives someday, and maybe he won't. The important thing is
to respect his feelings. So when he sent me that text, I did what any responsible sexpositive
girl ought to do: I honored his boundaries and thought seriously about whether I
could work within them.
I wrote back:
I think it's adorable that you told me the vow thing by text- & on a serious note, I rather
admire you for challenging yourself & social expectations of masculinity. I can't afford
exegesis of my sexual history by text; we can talk about it when you visit- which I hope
you do, even if you insist on sleeping on the floor. I promise not to push you- though I
confess I'm curious about the vow's limits. But I also understand if you don't feel
comfortable coming down.
His relief, in our next few exchanges, was palpable. I think a man who wants to abstain
has a far trickier journey ahead of him than a woman: America's sexual assumptions may
be formed around stereotypical male sexuality -- which really sucks for women -- but it's
a very narrow stereotype that limits men too. Men are expected to be insatiable, and
preferring not to have sex casts a man's entire masculinity into question. His abstinence
can cause anxiety for the female partner, too: after all, given an assumption that men are
nigh-indiscriminate sex machines, a woman might feel that there's something terribly
wrong with her if a man won't bang her.
Mr. Chastity has dealt with those problems a lot, so my careful reaction and evident lack
of anxiety won me lots of points. Since then, I've met up with him publicly twice, and
we've even managed to make out! He's still going to visit. Maybe I can convince him to
sleep in bed, as long as I promise not to put the moves on him.
And maybe, just maybe, his vow allows him to practice BDSM... a girl can dream, right?
But seriously, if we can do BDSM together, then I just might be his dream partner. I'd be
happy to focus our sexual time on BDSM and foreplay, and to ignore ""actual"" sex
indefinitely. Plus, some people argue that declining to sate ourselves sexually is the best
tactic for prolonging romantic magic. So this could be the way for Mr. Chastity to
become the love of my life.
* * *
In Africa, the mantra for HIV educators is ABC: the three things that protect against HIV/
AIDS are Abstinence, Being faithful, and Condom usage. But my job is much more
complicated than passing out condoms and wagging my finger. The problem isn't so
much that people don't know how to avoid HIV, although myths and misconceptions do
exist. The problem is that people don't seem willing to change their behavior in order to
protect themselves... or that they don't feel they have the power to change their behavior.
People can't just know about condoms -- they must prioritize condom usage despite
drawbacks like loss of pleasure or pressure from their partners. People can't just know
that HIV is sexually transmitted -- they must be psychologically open to abstaining from
sex despite drawbacks that are, well, obvious. HIV prevention in Africa is less about
sharing knowledge, now, and more about marketing: giving people a new perspective on
sex, their health, and their futures.
Of course, I'm totally psyched about marketing some of these social aspects, like gender
equality. (Gender equality is an HIV/AIDS issue for lots of reasons -- the most obvious
being that the less power women have, the less they control their own sexual acts.) But
others give me pause. Abstinence? Seriously? It sticks in my craw. Obviously, I don't
have a problem with people choosing not to have sex... but I'm not sure how I feel about
actively convincing people not to have sex.
In America, I advocate for open, explicit, pleasure-affirming sex education. But that's a
radical stance even in America -- I'm not sure whether it's possible here! At least I'm
spotting a few allies, some in unexpected places: for instance, there's a great high-profile,
outspoken sex-positive educator named Agrippa Khathide in South Africa... who happens
to be a pastor. I'm starting to think there's room to do fascinating work here, creating
culturally appropriate sex-positive education.
Yet abstinence remains the only 100% effective tactic for avoiding HIV. As another
educator told me, ""I hate abstinence-only education more than anything. Seriously. But...
here, I think it's a necessary ingredient."" Is it responsible for me to avoid promoting
abstinence? Even if marketing abstinence means that to some extent, I'll have to tell
people sexual exploration isn't worth doing?
I'm still feeling out my approach, but... what if the most effective way to fight HIV is to
align myself with values antithetical to free sexuality? Does properly doing my job
require me to promote a sex-negative agenda? Surely not. Surely there are ways to
promote sex-positive abstinence -- perhaps a ""Vibrators for African Women"" program...?
(This is a joke. Mostly.)
And that's just one facet of the broader question keeping me awake at night! Which is:
given a fatal, incurable sexually transmitted infection; given a population where, in some
groups, up to 40% test positive; given a society in which culturally appropriate messages
emphatically do not include my pro-sex, pro-queer, pro-kink approach to sex education...
what does being a sex-positive educator mean?
Maybe I can harvest clues from my own feelings, past and present, about abstinence:
clues for how to promote it compassionately, effectively and responsibly; clues for
locating my boundaries when I talk about it. And maybe I can harvest down-to-earth
advice from my relationship with Mr. Chastity, too. I can work from toxic masculine
norms he's had such trouble with, and examine how men in southern Africa might
likewise worry about abstinence -- if you think American men have tough definitions of
sexual manliness to contend with, then try living in a place where the big men have
multiple wives and over a dozen children. I also think it'll be hot to be bound against
going ""too far."" Maybe I can learn how abstinence is fun, fun, fun!
Hey, at the very least, it'll give me a taste of what I'm telling everyone else to do.
* * *
The original version of this article can be found on the Internet, but please note that I've
done some editing for clarity. Here's the original:
http://carnalnation.com/content/45211/1133/sexual-abcs-africa-part-1-abstinence
* * *
* * *
* * *
EDUCATION:
[theory] Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 2: Be Faithful
This is the second in the three-part ""Sexual ABCs"" series, but I originally intended it to
be the last one, because it's the most complicated by far.
* * *
Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 2: Be Faithful
South African President Jacob Zuma has three wives; in a headline-making ceremony, a
South African businessman recently married four women at once. King Mswati of
Swaziland has thirteen wives, and his father King Sobhuza had 70. (Yes. Seventy.) Here
in southern Africa, even those rich men who don't take multiple wives almost always
support mistresses. Naturally, local women don't get multiple spouses, and the social
penalties for infidelity are much worse for women. In America, feminists often point out
that ""slut"" is an insult while ""stud"" is a compliment; there's a similar linguistic trend in
siZulu, but the English words are mild compared to their siZulu equivalents.
* * *
I rarely practice consensual non-monogamy myself, but I don't hesitate to advocate
destigmatizing polyamory and swing in America. True, my primary interest is BDSM,
but there's so much to learn from every form of consensual sexuality. Plus, we're
basically on the same side -- it'd be great if different sex subcultures had more
consciousness of a sex-positive ""agenda"" or ""movement""! Although our communities
have different emphases and, sometimes, profoundly different values, I see swingers and
polyfolk as my brothers- and sisters-in-arms.
But enough of the soapbox! The point is that I've often defended poly -- and I've gotten
into interesting arguments doing so. One friend noted just how hard it is for poly people
to negotiate their relationships. ""It's so complicated,"" he complained. ""So much
communication is required. Doesn't that seem like an argument against it? If polyamory
were really a good relationship model, then people wouldn't have to put so much effort
into accomplishing it.""
""It's only complicated because polyamory isn't our societal default,"" I replied. ""People
have to put extra effort into negotiating relationships that fall outside the norm. The same
thing happens with BDSM. Kinksters must spend a lot more time discussing our sexual
relationships, because it's more dangerous for us to make assumptions about where our
partners want to go. That doesn't mean there's anything wrong with kink.
""And,"" I added, ""that extra effort can be a feature, not a bug! The fact that kinksters spend
so much time isolating different aspects of our sexuality has given us a uniquely finegrained
sexual vocabulary. I think most kinksters tend to make fewer assumptions about
our partners' boundaries than vanilla people do. And circumstances have forced us to
develop some brilliant strategies for bedroom communication. I'm not saying we're all
brilliant communicators, but I think we've got a unique window on it. When I run sexual
communication workshops, half the tactics I share are filched from the BDSM
subculture; I just rename them for a general audience. Many polyfolk have similar
insights about relationship communication.""
Being in southern Africa, seeing all these men partnered with multiple women, has
brought that conversation to mind. Because the majority of men can't afford multiple
wives and some churches frown on the practice, polygyny isn't exactly the default -- but
it's certainly a well-respected, highly desirable relationship formation. (Polygyny is the
most precise term for the type of polygamy that's practiced here, where men can have
multiple wives but women can't have multiple husbands. However, a lot of Africans
simply call it ""polygamy."")
And men who can't go the open route frequently do the same thing discreetly. In the July
2009 issue of New African Magazine, Akua Djanie -- who moved to England at age 10
and grew up there -- observes: ""I know very few African men, especially those living on
the continent, who keep only one partner. The majority of men I come across are in
multiple relationships, sometimes open, but most times on the quiet."" She also notes that
""in some instances, a man's manhood is judged by the number of women he can keep.""
So monogamy is not the default; and negotiating monogamy is difficult, here. But a new
factor makes it a matter of life and death: HIV.
* * *
The basic centerpiece of HIV prevention is ABC -- Abstinence, Being faithful, and using
Condoms. But the three strategies haven't always received equal airtime. ""The Fidelity
Fix,"" a 2004 New York Times Magazine article by Helen Epstein, quoted one analyst who
believed ""partner reduction has been the neglected middle child of the ABC approach.""
Epstein wrote, ""Perhaps the topic seems weighted with moral judgment; perhaps Western
advisors in particular feel it would be insensitive to raise it; perhaps they also feel it
would be futile to try to change deeply rooted patterns of behavior."" She outlined those
patterns and concluded, ""A fidelity campaign does seem worth a try, even if it might
seem overly simplistic and preachy."" Another expert, quoted in a 2007 Washington Post
piece on multiple partners in Botswana, agreed: ""There has never been equal emphasis on
'Don't have many partners'.... If you just say, 'Use the condom'... we will never see the
daylight of the virus leaving us.""
Living in southern Africa now, it seems clear that this recommendation has been taken to
heart. I regularly spot posters, stickers and billboards for fidelity campaigns that
apparently didn't exist a few years ago. Although cultural pride is a big deal here, locals
routinely disparage risky marriage-related cultural practices: for instance, many speak
harshly against wife inheritance, whereby a woman whose husband has died is
traditionally expected to marry his brother. Many such practices are becoming more and
more unusual. However, the larger phenomenon of polygyny seems harder to budge.
I recently sat in on a partner reduction dialogue for one town's church leaders; it was
attended by representatives both from churches that allow polygamous marriages, and
those that don't. The discussion was quite civil, though one anti-polygamy preacher did
make snide comments towards the polygamists. They talked about issues like an absence
of marriage counseling, preachers' failure to act as positive role models, and churches'
failure to be transparent about HIV. (The all-male group also noted ""women's selfish
impatience with erectile dysfunction,"" ""women preferring men who last longer,"" ""women
preferring men with a lot of money,"" and ""women not loving their husbands enough"" as
contributing factors to fidelity failure.) The group seemed pleased to work together, and
eager to address the problem. The question of members being pro- or anti-polygamy was,
apparently, only a side note.
As it happens, there are plenty of polygamy problems that have nothing to do with
HIV/AIDS. These divisions would exist without the disease. For instance, some
preachers who don't support polygamy will sanction divorce and remarriage. One man
told me that ""true"" polygamous marriage -- in which a man has many wives, all supported
simultaneously -- is slowly being replaced: rich men now often take younger wives, but
divorce and cast aside the previous wives first. The ""new"" approach looks suspiciously
like the Western model of ""serial monogamy""... except that the women, left with few
resources, rarely marry again. (The gender inequality is highlighted when only one
partner has HIV: an HIV-positive man will likely be nursed by his wife, while HIVpositive
women can fear anything from abuse to abandonment.) Partly because
abandonment is getting so common and partly due to doctrinal interpretations, there is yet
a third group of church leaders who not only reject polygamy but refuse to remarry
divorced people.
Most interestingly, I've noticed that from some perspectives, the current system appears
to stack the moral deck in favor of polygyny. A lot of the time, people will claim that
there are only three alternatives: (1) abandonment and/or deadbeat fatherhood, (2)
cheating, or (3) overt polygyny. If those are the alternatives, then even empowered
women will argue in favor of polygyny -- though not happily, since they're quite
conscious that a system supporting polygamy without polyandry is completely unfair.
For example, in the aforementioned July 2009 New African piece, titled ""The Sins of Our
Fathers,"" Akua Djanie reflects bitterly upon a father who ignored her mother in favor of
his second wife. She writes that she ""will encourage [her sons] to have a relationship with
only one woman at a time. And if they make the mistake of having children from
different women, I will make sure they are responsible for each and every one of them.""
Then, however, she asserts that ""although I myself would never wish to be in such a
[polygamous] relationship, I think it can work, does work, and has worked in the past"";
that ""the issue is not so much with the pros and cons of polygamy, but more with the
irresponsible behavior of some men""; and that ""African men are still as polygamous as
they were in my father's heyday. In fact I believe that polygamy will never go away.""
Djanie doesn't mention HIV once.
(It's worth noting that Djanie is very aware of Western cultural imperialism; she loathes
and deconstructs those who downgrade African culture in favor of Western. For instance,
her November 2009 New African piece was about how frustrating it is that Africans
usually model Christmas on Western standards, showing images of white children
frolicking in Alpine snow. Thus, her argument against polygamy is especially striking.)
Recently, I spoke to some grassroots HIV educators who go door-to-door in their rural
villages. They keep a list of different prevention tactics that they discuss with their
neighbors. Glancing through, I saw both Zero Grazing and Be Faithful side-by-side. ""I
don't understand the difference between these two,"" I said, prompting the educators to
confer amongst themselves in siZulu. Finally, one offered, ""Be Faithful is about
monogamy with one partner. Zero Grazing is about having multiple wives and not going
outside the marriage."" The others seemed to agree. Given their limited English and my
limited siZulu, I decided not to ask: ""Does promoting both strike you as a mixed
message?"" (I did ask whether they think people listen to their advice. In response, they
just looked depressed.)
Clearly, the fidelity fix has arrived. What's harder to determine is how much, and in what
manner, the message is being emphasized -- not to mention, whether it's actually taking
root.
* * *
Given my experience with polyamory, and my nigh-rabid promotion of straightforward
communication as the Cure For All Ills, I can't help wondering: would it help to port
communication tactics from our polyamorous allies over to southern Africa? But
polyamory is fundamentally different from polygyny. Polyamory assumes that both
partners have equal footing -- equal negotiating status -- whereas polygyny assumes that
men are entitled to privileges women aren't. Would it be possible to take the lessons of
even-handed polyamory, and apply them to polygyny?
What if I choose not to address polygyny -- to avoid the whole culturally fraught debate,
and just create relationship communication workshops inspired by polyamorous (and
BDSM) analysis? (That way, with no one alienated by an overt stance, I may reach the
audience better anyway.) Will it work if I teach from a perspective of assumed gender
equality? My instinct is ""yes""; I've even found a heartening example! The well-known
South African Pastor Agrippa Khathide preaches equality for women and sexual pleasure
for everyone (as long as they're married first, of course). He gives explicit sermons
including technical sexual advice, and has been quoted in interviews asserting things like:
""married people should be totally free to express themselves any way they wish in the
bedroom,"" that ""they must be willing to experiment, explore and explicitly acknowledge
the giving and receiving of pleasure,"" and that women are entitled to ""enjoyment of sex
like men.""
If he can do that, surely I can do something similar! Surely, then, my inherent egalitarian
assumptions would make a positive impact, even if I say nothing direct about irritating
male entitlement. Yet I worry that if I focus on relationship communication and don't
directly take on the monogamy juggernaut, I will sidestep the heart of these debates.
Indeed, not only might I be sidestepping -- I might be turning my gaze from the very
place I ought to focus.
* * *
Perhaps the hardest part about wrapping my head around a fidelity campaign isn't
whether certain tactics are appropriate or inappropriate, effective or ineffective. It's that
they can be both, or neither -- and while culture matters, it varies by individual. More to
the point, while culture affects attitudes towards Abstinence and Condoms, there aren't
many ways to interpret the implementation of those two dicta.
The people who live here themselves are divided about what fidelity means. Be Faithful,
or Zero Grazing? Multiple wives, or divorce and remarriage? They themselves are
working towards gender equality, but have just as many arguments about its
implementation as Westerners do. They themselves are proud of their culture, and yet
there's one anti-HIV slogan that always leaps out at me when I spot it among the myriad
of posters and stickers:
There is nothing cultural about dying of AIDS.
* * *
The original version of this article can be found on the Internet, but please note that I've
done some editing for clarity. Here's the original:
http://carnalnation.com/content/45680/1133/sexual-abcs-africa-part-2-be-faithful
* * *
* * *
* * *
EDUCATION:
[theory] Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 3: Condoms
This article followed the previous two articles, published at CarnalNation.com in
January 2010. I think a lot of people would like to believe that Africans are ""different
from us"" and that's why HIV has had such an impact in Africa. And it's accurate to say
that certain cultural patterns influence the spread of HIV, as I described in the previous
piece, ""Be Faithful.""
But the truth is, also, that people are similar everywhere: we respond to certain
incentives, and sexuality is one of our most powerful incentives. The terrifying truth is
that Africans are not especially different from us... and given the right circumstances, the
West can and will be equally vulnerable to this awful epidemic. And as I learned more
and then came home, I began to see just how vulnerable we are. There are poor,
marginalized areas of the USA where HIV is reaching the same proportions that it has
reached in Africa. And even among privileged young Americans, HIV rates have been
rising for the first time in years.
* * *
Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 3: Condoms
In America, the common argument against explicit sex education -- and promoting
condom use in schools -- is that it will encourage kids to be promiscuous. The idea is that
if we portray it as normal for kids to be having sex and tell them how to do it safely,
they'll be more likely to go and have sex. As for the kids who'll have sex anyway... well,
they're sinning and don't deserve to know what they're doing.
Some things don't change, even across oceans. I occasionally hear the same arguments
against promoting condom use in southern Africa. But here, HIV is ripping the populace
to pieces, and it's much harder to speak against condoms when funeral processions wind
through your neighborhood every weekend. Occasional religious educators claim that
promoting condom usage waters down their message and therefore makes anti-HIV
education less effective; but most churches I've encountered take a pragmatic, condompromoting
approach. Indeed, one of the best HIV curricula I've seen so far is the
""Channels of Hope"" workshop, created by the Christian organization World Vision and
designed to train church groups. It not only promotes explicit condom education, but
urges compassion towards sex workers and homosexuals. And it discusses why marital
rape isn't okay! I'd venture to say that the majority of liberal, secular sex education
curricula in the USA aren't as awesome.
Just the other day, I was surveying a bunch of kids aged 11-13 and they asked how to put
on a condom. Cursing myself silently, I had to admit that I didn't have any to show
them... at which point one child dashed from the room and returned minutes later bearing
both a condom, plus a rather splintery stick from a firewood pile. Condom distribution is
in full swing; I can think of three places to pick up free condoms within a ten-minute
walk from where I'm seated. Condoms are described in kids' textbooks, and condom
demonstrations are welcome in every school. Condoms are lauded by politicians, pop
icons, and religious leaders. Take any person off the street and they'll know the HIVprevention
mantra: ABC -- Abstain, Be faithful, use Condoms. Yet condom usage rates
are still killingly low.
* * *
Though I'm fishbelly-pale, I'm not great at wearing sunscreen, and I live in Africa. I try...
I mean, I kinda try... I mean it's so annoying to apply, and it feels gross! And this
notwithstanding the fact that I literally have ten bottles of top-quality, non-sticky, oil-free
sunscreen sitting across the room from me as I type this. On the other hand, I religiously
take my malaria prophylactic pill; I've noticed no side effects, and getting malaria would
really suck.
I recall one recurring conversation between myself and a former boyfriend, whom I dated
for years. We'd both had excellent sex education, and yet we used withdrawal as our
primary birth-control method. We did it even though we both had boxes of condoms
available. We did it even though neither of us wanted me to get pregnant, and -- though
I'm definitely pro-choice -- I wasn't sure I could bring myself to have an abortion. We'd
both been tested, and we trusted each other not to cheat, but that's some dangerous trust
to extend -- and we knew it.
One particular moment comes to mind: we were lying lazily in bed together, talking
about how stupid we were.
""We should be more careful,"" he said seriously.
""We really should,"" I agreed.
""Let's be more careful,"" he suggested.
I nodded.
We weren't.
Were we stupid? Obviously. Were we normal? Unfortunately, yes. A few months ago, I
chatted with another American HIV educator about the situation here in Africa. ""They
know to use condoms,"" she complained, ""and they have the condoms! I just don't get it!""
""I agree that it's incomprehensible,"" I said, ""but hey, I haven't always been 100% careful,
and I'm a sex educator.""
She glanced at me, then away. ""Yeah, I haven't either,"" she admitted. There was a gloomy
pause, and then we couldn't help it -- we cracked up. ""I hate love,"" she said when the
giggles subsided. She shook her head. ""That shit fucks with you.""
Why didn't I use condoms with that ex? I still don't know! When you instruct people to
use condoms as often as I do, you get accustomed to the arguments. I hear the same
reasons we didn't use condoms -- because they don't feel as good, because they interrupt
the moment, etc. etc. etc. -- I hear them, I smile and I tell the audience, ""You gotta use
'em anyway, folks."" I'm a hypocrite, but what else can I say?
And there are deeper-rooted objections to condoms -- objections that are both rarely
stated in public, and harder to confront. One is trust, which I've been struggling with for a
long time, since before I got to Africa. I don't think it's good for condom discussions to
center on trust, and I wish I had more ideas about how to refocus them. ""Use condoms
because you can't trust anyone, not even your lover,"" is an ugly message to impart.
Moreover, it only encourages the audience to view not using condoms as a gift, or a
signifier of trust.
In America, I tend to cast it like this: ""Safer sex is normal. It's the baseline. Lots of people
practice it. It's an assumption. Act like it."" Which, I hope, helps people simply default to
safer sex without forcing direct questions about any given partner's integrity. Hopefully,
it also distracts attention from seeing discarding condoms as a gift. But the truth is that
condom usage isn't always an assumption even in America (witness myself and my ex).
And it's less of an assumption here in Africa. How can I avoid validating the viewpoint
that not using condoms is the best way to express trust?
The second deep-rooted objection -- again, both in Africa and America -- is inability to
maintain an erection while using a condom. When I was younger, I used to think that
guys were just whining when they claimed they couldn't keep it up with a condom, but in
my old age I've determined that People Are Different (no way!): while most men deal
with condoms just fine, some men genuinely can't. Since people tend to be bad at
communicating about sex and especially bad at making space for conversations about
non-normative male sexuality, this isn't often acknowledged. Fortunately, the solution is
easy: men who have trouble with condomised penis-in-vagina sex gain a glorious
opportunity to explore all the other kinds of sex!
People tend to panic when confronted with the idea of a man who can't have penetrative
sex. But that's sex-negative nonsense based entirely on the stereotype of ""real sex"" as
penis-in-vagina intercourse. The solution to loss of erection isn't to sit around awkwardly
wishing you could be having penetrative sex. The solution is for both partners to start
exploring with mouths, hands... and words. But teaching about this means speaking very
explicitly, and it can be hard to have those conversations in a conservative society
without being run out of town.
* * *
In the Strange Case of Clarisse and Her Condomless Ex, I was at least Being Faithful
with a pre-tested partner, and I didn't live in an HIV-rich population. The risks were
lower, and it's true that I've never run those kinds of risks outside a long-term
monogamous relationship. But the bottom line remains: my ex and I did it even though
we knew better.
He and I are both privileged people. Neither of us was dependent on the other for money,
for instance. If two highly privileged people who agree that condoms are necessary can
fail to use condoms, what about people who don't have that privilege?
In many places across the world, including much of southern Africa, sex workers can
charge double for sex without a condom. No businesswoman is likely to insist on a
measure that will halve her profits -- especially if she already lives on a razor-fine
margin, and especially if she's already contracted HIV herself. Likewise, if a girl can't
afford expensive school fees and therefore sleeps with her teachers, then she's hardly in a
position to demand protection. Many married women quite justifiably fear divorce,
violence or murder if they refuse their husbands sex without a condom -- in one recent
case, a wife tested negative for HIV while her husband tested positive, but when she tried
to refuse condomless sex, he killed her.
Some pro-condom campaigns tell the populace that ""it's your responsibility: you must
respect your body and take the initiative""; but while that works for some people, it's a
terribly cruel message for people who lack the standing to negotiate with their partners.
Add to this the fact that, if you know enough people living with HIV -- and if your life
already seems difficult and directionless -- the disease will start to seem like much less of
a big deal. A friend reports that one day, sitting in a salon, she saw a man exit with a sex
worker. ""Don't forget a condom!"" she called bluntly. His reply: ""I'm not the first to get it,
and I won't be the last."" (Indeed, there are documented cases of marginal populations
deliberately contracting HIV when they perceived benefits. For instance, when HIVpositive
illegal immigrants in France were offered citizenship as part of a humanitarian
initiative, some sought out the disease.)
People who ignore prophylactics will always be with us. Some of them will be like me
and my ex, or the sex worker's client: despite knowing the risk, transient pleasure trumps
absolute safety. There isn't much to be done about that demographic, save ensuring that
they (we) truly grasp the consequences we risk with our silliness.
Some people, however, will be vulnerable more because they're female, or young, or
poor. In those cases, addressing the root causes -- sexism, poverty, abuse -- becomes the
only solution. Thus, some of the best HIV programs in southern Africa appear to address
completely different issues. These include:
* Identifying and supporting income-generating projects for women, so that they have the
resources to walk away from abusive partners;
* Sponsoring schools, so that they can educate for free and remove one reason a
schoolchild might sleep with a teacher;
* Facilitating support groups, so members can share tactics for negotiating safer sex (or,
if already HIV-positive, help each other cope with obligations and treatment regimens);
* Creating strong communities, so people are quite simply more motivated to live.
* * *
It's always tempting to see unfamiliar cultures as monolithic, but we must remind
ourselves that they never are. Every society in the world contains its own divides, just
like America's culture and subcultures. Because HIV/AIDS functions along the very
taboo, very culturally-influenced axis of sexuality, it throws taboo cultural sexual divides
into high relief.
In America, one thing the disease's advent served to highlight was stigma towards
LGBTQ and other radical sexual subcultures. American HIV mitigation has often sought
to redress that stigma. Here, one thing it serves to highlight -- one thing mitigation seeks
to redress -- is mainstream gender and relationship issues. But these splits existed before
HIV came along. Although the prevalence of HIV sheds light on and invokes compassion
for these divisions, they're more enduring than we like to think.
Still, I can't help noticing the phoenixes arising from these ashes. Firstly, it turns out that
the best way to shut down sex-negative arguments against explicit sex education is to
invoke the specter of HIV. One 2008 report from a well-respected local organization
argued that AIDS prevention efforts should include straightforward lessons on
pleasurable acts, such as oral sex or sex toy usage! (Obviously, I hope to work with this
organization.)
A 2004 New York Times Magazine article on HIV in southern Africa made the case that
while ""many experts contend that sexual-behavior change in Africa is complicated
because women's fear of abusive partners inhibits private discussions of sex, condom use
and HIV,"" the crisis also contributes to a better environment for those discussions. One
researcher is quoted pointing out that, ""young South Africans are much more likely to
talk about sex and are developing 'a vocabulary for discussing feelings and desires.'""
Furthermore, southern African movements for women's empowerment invariably cite
HIV as a reason change is necessary now. Because gender oppression is acknowledged as
a driver of the epidemic, gender equality is an explicit goal of both governments and
major HIV organizations. Even admirably reasonable laws about sex work are being
discussed -- considerably more reasonable than most Western sex work legislation. The
laws probably won't pass, unfortunately, but at least they're on the radar.
I've got a twisted confession to make. On days when I feel particularly flippant, I find
myself thinking: Thank God for HIV/AIDS! Without HIV... would women's
empowerment be such a given? Aside from bleeding heart feminists like myself, who
would care about sex workers' conditions? Aside from sex-positive nuts like myself, who
would advocate for explicit sex education?
Here's hoping we can create better social conditions to arrest the pandemic... and keep
those conditions going afterwards.
* * *
The original version of this article can be found on the Internet, but please note that I've
done some editing for clarity. Here's the original:
http://carnalnation.com/content/46266/1133/sexual-abcs-africa-part-3-condoms
* * *
* * *
* * *
ACTIVISM:
[theory] Colonized Libidos
This article was published at CarnalNation.com in early 2010. Anti-oppression theory
sure can get out of touch with reality.
* * *
Colonized Libidos
The situation for gay / lesbian rights here in Africa has gotten lots of media attention
lately, and I myself have written about meeting a Swazi lesbian activist who was later
murdered. So I won't waste your time by talking about how bad it can get to be gay here
(although it's worth noting that I've seen at least one interesting argument about how the
places in Africa where homosexuality is most heavily punished are also the ones with the
strongest national dialogue, and thus arguably some of the best ones to actually be gay).
Besides, I've become somewhat numb to the situation's sheer awfulness since arriving last
year. What catches my attention these days is unfamiliar cultural angles and arguments.
While reading the local paper, I recently came upon yet another gay-shaming article --
but instead of railing about God's will, the article talked about cultural imperialism.
Specifically, it argued that gays and lesbians are gay and lesbian only because of the
West. Gays and lesbians, the theory goes, have been so influenced by the Sodom and
Gomorrah that is the West that they've internalized our permissive, scandalous sexual
mores. (Those of us who actually come from the West are, of course, a little confused by
how our fractured native cultures -- still fiercely arguing about homosexuality within
themselves -- might create such an influence.) An African proud of his or her
Africanness, who rejects the colonial West, will therefore not only wear African
traditional garb and participate in African traditional ceremonies but will also be straight.
(Ironically, some historians have pointed out that much of Africa was much less
homophobic before Western missionaries came in.)
I got a front-line view of this attitude when I took a newspaper to the Post Office for
photocopying. ""Another article about lesbians!"" snorted the postmaster -- they're getting
to know me around there. He took the papers from me and shuffled through my requested
pages. ""Is it true,"" he asked, ""that President Obama supports lesbians?""
""Yes,"" I said.
He looked shocked; I wondered if he'd expected me to say no. ""What?!"" he cried, and
took a moment to regain his composure. ""Well, that's American culture,"" he said finally.
""It's not African culture.""
I took a deep breath and pressed my lips together. I'd be in big trouble with my employer
if I kicked up a storm at the Post Office, but oh, man -- in that moment, I really, really
wanted to. ""How much do I owe you?"" I asked instead, and went home to lose myself in
a nice sex-positive book.
Personally, what I find most intriguing about these assertions of cultural imperialism is
how they compare to similar assertions in the West. I'm a kinkster and pro-BDSM
activist, but I'm also a feminist, which can make for some serious anxiety. A lot of my
coming-out process involved both a difficult internal struggle and my observations of
arguments between kinksters and anti-BDSM feminists, who often make very similar
allegations to these African speakers on ""cultural imperialism.""
The very articulate BDSM blogger Trinity (who, of late, has sadly decreased her
involvement in the blogosphere) has spent lots of time analyzing and participating in
those arguments. One of my favorite Trinity posts, titled ""Why BDSM?"", hosts a radical
feminist commenter who writes:
If we lived in a healthy society, the idea of BDSM would not even come up in the first
place. BDSM is here, as a manifestation of that unhealthiness, but to try to 'stop' the
people who aren't being coerced into it would do more harm than the thing itself....
I am not saying tolerance of BDSM directly causes our sick society, but that it is a very
strong symptom of a society were hierarchy, inequality and degradation are seen as the
norm of human relations. Accepting BDSM is accepting this status quo. ... by challenging
all inequality, including that in BDSM, we are putting forward the idea that other
possibilities are available.
In other words: the Patriarchy made me kinky, and if I don't challenge kink then I'm
supporting the Patriarchy. I would imagine that Africans pushing the cultural imperialism
argument would say something similar: Western colonial influence made you gay, and if
you don't challenge homosexuality then you're supporting Western colonial influence.
Well, ""with us or against us"" arguments are inherently flawed. And then there's the fact
that, similarly to homosexuals, many of us kinksters consider our desires to be innate and
largely unchangeable. So if our desires can't be changed, then what exactly is
accomplished by shaming us through anti-oppressive theory-speak? (And make no
mistake -- for those of us who take the theory seriously, it really does feel shameful to
find others telling us we're in opposition, even within the private sphere of sexuality.) I'm
not remotely convinced that our sexuality arose solely because of an oppressive society --
but even if it's true, then what am I, or African gay people, supposed to actually do in
order to challenge the sick status quo? Give up on our desires and never have satisfying
sex again?
I tend to think that the idea of sexual orientations or innateness is a red herring -- not
because I believe that innateness doesn't exist, but because it's not actually relevant to
sexual morality. What should be important is only the question of whether all involved
sexual partners are consenting adults, not whether their desires are innate. Alas, it's clear
that across the world, people who are instinctively grossed out by alternative sexuality
will always find ways to reframe the question into how our acts are just plain wrong and
our consent is irrelevant -- and that's as true of some feminists and cultural loyalists as it
is of Bible-thumpers.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://carnalnation.com/content/51544/1133/colonized-libidos
* * *
* * *
* * *
VEGAN:
[theory] Confections of a Pickup Artist Chaser
I've been vegetarian since 2009 and vegan since 2011; I wrote this in 2012.
* * *
Confections of a Pickup Artist Chaser
There are delicious recipes at the end! Read this article for the recipes!
I feel hyper-aware that this piece may alienate some readers, because it's a post about
being vegan, i.e. not eating animal products. Lot of folks are touchy about that. So, I want
to do some pre-emptive damage control: I want to clarify up front that I have no interest
in calling anyone an asshole. If you're not vegan, then I want to try and change your
mind... but I don't think you're an Incontrovertibly Bad Person, and I hope we can still be
friends.
And, look, I'm not gonna pretend I'm perfect. I screw up all the time, on all kinds of
social justice issues, and I'll be learning for the rest of my life.
For me, the hardest thing about being vegan has nothing to do with the food, although I
think many foods made from animal products are delicious, and occasionally I have
trouble resisting them. For me, the hard part is all about social situations. If I'm at a social
event where non-vegan food is served and there are no other vegans, sometimes I just eat
it -- especially if it will Become A Big Social Problem if I don't eat it. I also sometimes
eat non-vegan food that's been rescued from the trash (some of us call this ""freegan"").
And occasionally, when I'm spending a lot of time with someone who's non-vegan, then
I'll sometimes break veganism in front of them in order to reassure them that I'm not
judging them. I have vegan friends who consider this an unacceptable level of
accommodation; sorry folks.
I am aware that stigmatizing, judging, and attacking non-vegans is one tactic for
convincing them to go vegan. Personally, I find it stressful and frequently
counterproductive. I'd rather set an example and be welcoming. (Yet I acknowledge that
it's possible I wouldn't be able to do this effectively if aggressive vegans did not exist.
Aggressive vegans help create the space where I get to look ""reasonable"" and
""welcoming."" The blogger Kinsey Hope once wrote a really brilliant activist typology
that describes these dynamics. And of course, it's worth noting that I'm often
characterized as an appeaser by feminists, too.)
So. That said? If you think you're going to Get Upset Or Offended by this post, please
just don't read it. Seriously. But if you're willing to not freak out for a moment, then here
are my two primary arguments for why you should go vegan:
1. It's easy. Yes, there will be some shitty social situations: awkward moments at
restaurants, pushback from your non-vegan friends, and so on. Yes, you will have to
avoid some very delicious foods. And food labels will become a whole new world of
confusion. But even with all these factors, veganism really isn't as hard as people
make it out to be.
There's a lot of delicious vegan food out there. A number of my favorite foods were
vegan before I went vegan, and some of yours probably are as well. (Recipes coming up!)
Here is a free online vegan starter guide that includes recipes. Here is a very
comprehensive list of vegan cookbooks; they range from ""easy"" to ""incredibly
complicated Martha-Stewart-land."" I am a fiend for baked goods, and I like Vegan
Cupcakes Take Over The World by Isa Chandra Moskowitz and Terry Hope Romero.
And there's an increasing number of high-quality all-vegan restaurants. My favorite ones
in Chicago are Native Foods (delicious cardamom rose cupcakes!) and Urban Vegan
(delicious fake orange chicken!).
I won't get involved in appeals-to-healthitude, because I know both healthy vegans and
unhealthy vegans, and the science is inconclusive... but I will point that out again: the
science is inconclusive. Unless you have an unusual disorder, modern nutrition has
identified no conclusive scientific reasons for not being vegan. Plus: If you aren't
vegan, but you don't pay any attention to eating healthy food, then you're being a
hypocrite if you make a ""health argument"" for being non-vegan even if the science
was conclusive, which it's not. And! If you're really into health, there's a highlyrecommended
book called Thrive written by a vegan professional athlete named Brendan
Brazier.
Some of my friends specifically do things like convince people to try veganism for short
periods, or run Vegan Weeks at universities or whatever, just to show how (a) delicious
and (b) easy vegan food can be. It works surprisingly well. A key ingredient in my own
adoption of veganism was knowing vegans, and seeing how simple it was to be vegan. I
used to push back really strongly... I think I resisted mostly because it was very hard to
acknowledge that by eating animal products, I was participating in an incredibly fucked
up system. First I had to recognize that I was doing something really bad, that I had been
doing so for my entire life, and that most people I love do it too. This is a familiar
problem for activists, of course; most people resist acknowledging that they participate in
a racist, sexist culture, too. (As one of my vegan friends puts it: ""I've found that people
usually go through the strongest asshole anti-vegan phase right before they convert to
veganism."")
Of all the social-justice acts out there, I actually think veganism is one of the lowesthanging
fruit. It's just so easy that the only reason non-vegan culture can possibly persist
is through a really high degree of not giving a shit. In a way, that's understandable; I don't
have much of a connection to animals myself. A lot of my vegan friends love animals and
want to be around them all the time; I don't. If a smelly dog never jumps on me again, it
will be too soon. But the fact is, animals have senses and feelings. Interacting with any
animal for longer than thirty seconds can conclusively show you that animals like and
dislike things, and that they feel something that looks exactly like pain. Which brings me
to....
2. If you care about consent, then veganism is transparently the right thing to do. There
are environmental arguments and stuff, but I mean, seriously, let's call a spade a spade:
when you eat meat, you're eating the murdered body of an animal who died for no reason
other than your transient pleasure. As for animal products: many things that happen to
animals on factory farms are abominable and obscene, as two minutes of Googling or this
website or this video can show you.
Even if you decide to eat animal products that come only from well-treated animals,
there's no way to be sure that those animals were actually well-treated unless you're
raising them yourself. As this vegan FAQ points out, there's an amazing amount of
animal suffering that still occurs on ""humane"" farms. (Salon has written about it, too.)
Some of those farms are doubtless fairly pleasant for the animals, but others.... Well, let's
just say that calling some ""humane"" farms more merciful than factory farms is like saying
that being burned alive is preferable to dying in a medieval torture device.
Personally, when I went vegan, a lot of the reason it felt easy was because I no longer had
to spend tons of mental energy suppressing my empathy. I was amazed at how relieved I
felt. Again, I'm not pretending to be perfect about it -- I eat non-vegan food sometimes in
social situations, sometimes when it's about to be thrown away, and sometimes just when
I'm drunk. If you need to make accommodations in order to feel comfortable being
vegan, then I'm the last person who will criticize you. I'll just be glad you're taking steps
towards being vegan.
It took me a long time to decide to go vegan, and I understand that it might take you a
long time, too. I've listed a lot of resources in this post and I hope you'll consider looking
at them. Questions are welcome in the comments, although I may not be able to answer
them. I wish you luck. And if you're already vegan, then congratulations and high-5!
Now for recipes!
I promise that these recipes are beloved by non-vegans as well as vegans. In fact, even
when I wasn't vegan, they were some of my favorites. When I feed these dishes to nonvegans,
they are frequently startled that the food isn't vegan. (Sometimes I save the Big
Reveal for last. Heh, heh.)
(One of my other favorite gentle pro-vegan tactics is to walk into restaurants and ask if
they have anything vegan on the menu. When the answer is no, I smile and thank them
and leave.)
Organic and fair-trade ingredients are obviously encouraged. I'm not as good about
organic and fair-trade as I could be, mostly because of expense, but I try to do it when I
can.
Kickass Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies
This is a modified version of a recipe that I originally found here, and some of the text
comes from that recipe.
+ 1 and 1/2 cups of FLOUR
+ 1 teaspoon BAKING SODA
+ 1 teaspoon SALT
+ 3/4 cup of OIL
+ 2 tablespoons COCONUT MILK (or ALMOND MILK or SOY MILK)
+ 1 & 1/3 cups of UNREFINED SUGAR
+ HALF A BANANA
+ 1 1/2 tablespoons VANILLA EXTRACT (I've occasionally used RUM as a
replacement; when I do that, I like to add some CINNAMON)
+ 2 1/2 cups OATMEAL
+ 12 oz. of DARK CHOCOLATE CHIPS
Heat your oven to 350 degrees.
Mix FLOUR, BAKING SODA and SALT together. Set aside.
Mix together the OIL and SUGAR. Mix until creamy. Thoroughly mash the BANANA
into the mixture.
Add the COCONUT MILK.
Add the VANILLA.
Stir this mixture until it is a uniform color (this will not take long).
Slowly stir in the FLOUR mixture. Mix this well.
Stir in OATMEAL and CHOCOLATE-CHIPS.
Preheat oven to baking temperature (usually 350 F).
Place large tablespoons full of the batter onto an ungreased cookie sheet (an air filled
cookie sheet works best, as the air between the two layers of the sheet keeps the bottom
of baked items from burning).
Bake the cookies for about 9 to 13 minutes (ovens vary in temperature). Check them by
gently pressing on the top of one of the cookies. If the inside looks moist, but not too wet,
they are probably done. It might take you a couple of tries to get the time down, so bake
only a few at a time when starting out. Do not, I repeat, do not expect to see them turn
slightly brown when done cooking. Without real eggs, they will not get that dark. They
will, however, turn a golden tan.
When they are done, remove them from the oven and allow them to sit on the sheet for
about a minute or two before placing them on a wire rack. Be careful with them as they
tend to be quite delicate until they have cooled.
Kickass Chocolate Cake
I think I modified this recipe from an Internet source too, but I can't find it now.
+ 1 1/2 cups FLOUR
+ 1 cup SUGAR
+ 1/2 cup UNSWEETENED COCOA
+ 1 tablespoon GROUND CLOVES
+ 1 teaspoon BAKING SODA
+ 1 teaspoon CAYENNE PEPPER
+ 1/4 teaspoon SALT
+ 1 cup ALMOND MILK (or COLD WATER)
+ 1/4 cup OIL
+ 1 tablespoon BALSAMIC VINEGAR
+ 1 tablespoon VANILLA (once I replaced this with ORANGE EXTRACT and added
some CINNAMON, and the result was amazing)
Preheat oven to baking temperature.
In a bowl beat together the OIL, SUGAR, SALT, SPICES and COCOA until wellcombined.
Add the remaining ingredients, and stir until well-combined. Pour into a
greased enamel plate or cake dish and bake 20-30 minutes. Don't worry if the batter tastes
quite spicy -- it mellows out a lot, when you bake it so that the end result is more
chocolate with a spicy after-taste. Cool.
Then mix the following ingredients together, and pour the resultant icing on top:
+ 1 cup POWDERED SUGAR
+ 1/2 cup UNSWEETENED COCOA
+ 6 tablespoons COCONUT MILK (or ALMOND MILK or SOY MILK)
Tofu Tikka Masala
This is a modified recipe that originated with a friend.
+ 5 tablespoons OIL
+ 2 medium ONIONS, thinly sliced
+ 5 large GARLIC CLOVES, finely chopped
+ 2 BAY LEAVES
+ 1 inch fresh GINGER, finely chopped
+ 1/2 inch CINNAMON STICK
+ 4 CLOVES
+ 4 PEPPERCORNS
+ 1 CARDAMOM POD
+ 2 pounds TOFU
+ 1 tablespoon GROUND CORIANDER
+ 1 teaspoon GARAM MASALA
+ 1 teaspoon GROUND CUMIN
+ 1/2 teaspoon CAYENNE PEPPER
+ 1/2 teaspoon GROUND TURMERIC
+ 14 ounces CANNED TOMATOES
+ SALT to taste
+ 2/3 cup SOY YOGURT
Heat OIL in large, heavy-bottomed sauce pan.
Add ONIONS, GARLIC, GINGER, BAY LEAVES, and WHOLE SPICES; fry gently on
medium heat until sauteed.
Add the TOFU, and fry until the pieces are lightly golden brown on all sides. (Here are
some tips on frying tofu so it has a light crust.)
Stir in CORIANDER, GARAM MASALA, CUMIN, CAYENNE, TURMERIC,
TOMATOES, and SALT. Cook for a while (10 minutes works).
Add SOY YOGURT and cook for another while.
As a general rule, the longer you cook a spicy dish like this, the spicier it'll be.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/05/14/food-justice-confections-of-a-pickup-artistchaser/
* * *
* * *
* * *
POLYAMORY:
[theory] In Praise of Monogamy
This post was published in mid-2011, and it got more attention than most things I've
written. The reaction was quite mixed. Some monogamists felt that I was damning
monogamy with faint praise. Some polyamorists felt that it was problematic for me to
write a post praising the culturally dominant Western mode of sexuality, because it's
already dominant. On the other hand, the piece was cross-posted at a number of highprofile
websites, and I got a lot of positive commentary too.
My favorite comments came from Pepper Mint, a polyamory advocate who commented
on this post when it was cross-posted at Feministe. I really felt like Pepper got what I
was trying to do. Here's an excerpt from one of his comments:
""Monogamy is [perceived as] a hegemonic requirement, not an option that should be
advocated. So when people espouse monogamy (which is rare, since it is hegemonic),
they do it by claiming that anything else is impossible or they do it by making moral
statements. I challenge you to find a mainstream article that actually lists out the
pragmatic benefits of monogamy, like Clarisse has done here. I don't think I've ever seen
one. Indeed, when monogamy is explicitly discussed in the mainstream currently, it often
seems to be in 'is monogamy realistic?' articles.
""Note that this is all to the detriment of monogamous people as well as nonmonogamous
people. When I talk to people about polyamory, I get a lot of defensive responses, for the
simple reason that monogamous people are often monogamous because they did not
know there was a choice, rather than monogamous by inclination or what have you.
Discourse that presents monogamy as an actual choice and lists out the pros and cons of
that choice is nonmonogamy-affirming in my book, unless it is hugely one-sided.
""We have a problem in the poly communities I engage in, where people new to
polyamory spend a couple years unfairly trashing monogamy. This is partly out of anger
from their history and partly because they've finally found what they are looking for and
everything else looks shabby in comparison. But it creates ill-will where none need exist,
it screws up people's approach to relationships, and it bites people later if they want to
go back to monogamy.
""So as a polyamory activist I'm very glad this essay was written, and I've posted similar
things myself in various forums. It addresses a hole in the discourse that is very
important to fill.""
Thanks, Pepper.
* * *
In Praise of Monogamy
There are lots of different ways of approaching non-monogamous relationships, such as:
+ Polyamory: Usually emphasizes developing full-on romantic relationships with more
than one partner. (I've been researching polyamory since my teens, but only in recent
years did I decide to actively pursue it.)
+ Swinging: Usually emphasizes couples with their own close bond, who have relatively
casual sex with other partners. (Another difference between swinging and polyamory is
that swingers tend to be more at home in mainstream culture, whereas polyamorists tend
to be geeky or otherwise ""alternative."" The blog Polyamory In The News has a great, long
piece on poly culture vs. swing culture.)
+ Cheating: One partner does something with an outside partner that wasn't accepted or
understood in advance. In monogamous relationships, cheating usually involves having
sex with an outside partner. Cheating exists in polyamorous or swing relationships as
well: for example, a person might cheat on a non-monogamous partner by breaking an
agreement -- an agreement such as ""we don't have unprotected sex with other partners.""
Just in case it needs to be said: I never advocate cheating, ever. As for the first two, I
know both poly people and swingers that I consider totally decent and wonderful folks! I
have more personal experience with and interest in polyamory, though.
Yet one thing that often gets lost in conversations about all these options is the
advantages of monogamy. Of which there are many. Although I don't currently identify
as monogamous, I had a very strong monogamous preference for years. I knew that
polyamory existed, and I thought about it a lot, because it's interesting -- but I just didn't
feel like it was for me. (In fact, my most adamantly polyamorous friend used to call me
his ""reasonable monogamous friend."" He said I had examined polyamory enough to
reasonably reject it, whereas he felt most people never consider polyamory deeply
enough to have a thoughtful opinion.)
And lately lots of my monogamous friends have been getting married. So I've been
thinking about the positive aspects of their relationship choices as I dance at their
weddings, devour mini-quiches, flirt with their brothers and try to avoid offending their
parents. (Okay, I've actually only flirted with one brother. So far.)
A Few Advantages of Monogamy (this is not a complete list)
+ Jealousy management. Some people experience jealousy more than, or less than, or
differently from other people. Plenty of people in non-monogamous relationships
experience jealousy -- and plenty of non-monogamous people handle it just fine, through
open-hearted communication. (Often, jealousy is managed through very detailed
relationship agreements such as a ""relationship contract."")
But there are also plenty of people who appear to lack the ""jealousy chip.""
And then there are plenty of people who experience so much jealousy, who feel that
jealousy is such a big part of their emotional makeup, that the best way to manage it is
simply through monogamy.
Personally, I used to get a lot more jealous than I do now. I think I'm less likely to get
jealous these days partly because I've gotten better at finding low-drama men. Jealousy
has a reputation for being an irrational emotion, and sometimes it genuinely is an
unreasonable, cruel power-grab. But I think jealousy is often quite rational, and often
arises in response to a genuine emotional threat... or deliberate manipulation.
There's another reason, though... I've also noticed that some switch in my brain has
flipped, and I've started to eroticize jealousy. I occasionally find myself fantasizing about
men I care about sleeping with other women, and sometimes the fantasy is hot because I
feel mildly jealous. I cannot explain how this happened. It surprised me the first time it
happened, believe me. What's really fascinating is that I think the same part of me that
eroticizes jealousy, is the part that used to make me feel sick at the thought of my partner
sleeping with someone else. Masochism: the gift that never stops giving!
I think it's important to note here that I didn't become less jealous because I felt like I
""should"", or because I was told not to be jealous. In fact, I had an early boyfriend who
acted like I was a hysterical bitch every time I got jealous... and he made things much
worse. With him, I just felt awful when I got jealous; I couldn't get past it. I felt like he
was judging me for something I couldn't help; I felt like my mind was fragmenting as I
tried to force myself to ""think better"" without any outside support; and worst of all, I felt
like I couldn't rely on him to respect my feelings.
It was the men who treated my emotions like they were reasonable and understandable
who decreased my jealousy. It's much harder to be jealous when your partner is saying, ""I
totally understand,"" than it is when your partner is saying, ""What the hell is the matter
with you?"" Maybe that's what makes monogamy such an effective jealousy-management
tactic: monogamy can be like a great big sign or sticker or button you can give to your
partner that says, ""I respect your jealousy."" Which is not to say that monogamy is always
effective for this -- we all know that monogamous people get jealous all the time! (Which
only adds to my point that monogamy might be viewed as just one of many tactics, rather
than an answer, when jealousy is a problem.)
+ Focus. There's an oft-repeated joke among polyamorists that ""while love may be
infinite, time is not."" And sometimes, I've found it a little difficult to ""switch gears"" to a
different partner. New Relationship Energy can be a little harder to manage in the
polyamorous context than it is in serial monogamy.
I've heard of polyamorous couples who specifically take periods of monogamy when one
partner really wants one. This seems like it could be problematic -- for example, if my
hypothetical primary partner wanted a period of monogamy, and I had a secondary
partner (or partners) with a serious emotional connection, then I probably would not be
cool with straight-up ignoring my secondary for weeks or months. There'd have to be
more of a conversation about it. But regardless, this whole line of thinking makes an
interesting showcase of how sometimes, people feel like they just have to focus on one
relationship.
Personally, I'm quite interested in S&M games of orgasm denial, though I've never had a
chance to mess around with it as much as I'd like. I'm also interested in long-term lust
management strategies like karezza, where the partners involved choose not to have
orgasms -- instead, they maintain a low level of mutual arousal at all times. I have no
moral problem with my partners looking at porn or having orgasms on their own, but
sometimes when I hear about the effects of choosing not to do those things, it sounds like
there's really powerful bonding potential there. Something to keep in mind for the next
time I'm really serious about someone, I guess. Monogamy isn't necessary for these
things, but it would definitely make doing them less complicated.
+ Societal acceptance. Straight up, monogamy is the Western societal default. In some
ways this makes monogamy hard to understand and communicate about -- because there
are so many assumptions and built-in expectations, and folks don't always agree on those
expectations! A recent study found that 40% of young couples don't agree about whether
or not they're monogamous. That amazes me, because I have never assumed that I was
monogamous with a partner until we had a conversation establishing that we were
monogamous... but I guess I can see how it happens, if people feel anxious about
communicating and fall back on assumptions instead.
Usually, however, being the societal default makes monogamy easier. Heterosexual
monogamous people can get married with no problem, for example, and while marriage
is obviously contested territory for non-hets, it's instructive that ""gay marriage"" is such a
big political issue (while ""polyamorous marriage"" is currently nothing more than a
specter right-wingers use to scare people about gay marriage). Outsiders usually assume
that you're monogamous when you introduce your partner. Romantic comedies exalt
monogamy; the media, and many people around us, associate monogamy with love.
When you're monogamous, you never have to articulate your weird relationship structure
to your parents. You rarely have to think outside the box about relationship problems, and
you can go to any Western advice columnist or therapist and be sure that they'll recognize
your relationship as legitimate. (Those of you who like privilege checklists might enjoy
this monogamous privilege checklist, which is patterned after Peggy McIntosh's classic
essay and white privilege checklist.)
+ Some people just like it better. Occasionally, people will toy with the idea of an
""orientational"" element to polyamory or monogamy: some folks just plain feel aligned
with monogamy or non-monogamy. (I have similar thoughts about this as I do about
BDSM as a sexual orientation.)
Personally, I always think it's really key, during any sex-positive critique, to emphasize
from the start that whatever you like is cool as long as the actions you take are
consensual. I know people who act all apologetic for being monogamous, usually because
they've been overexposed to ""polyvangelists"" who argue that non-monogamy is ""better""
or ""more evolved."" This is silly! Liking monogamy doesn't have to be justified, as long as
you don't turn around and claim that non-monogamy is bad and wrong. And liking
monogamy is a perfectly awesome reason for preferring monogamy!
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/06/09/in-praise-of-monogamy/
* * *
* * *
* * *
POLYAMORY:
[theory] My Top Questions About Dealing With Multiple Lovers
I wrote this in early 2011. The comments on the online version are especially good -- lots
of viewpoints and resources shared. Sometimes my commenters just blow me away.
* * *
My Top Questions About Dealing With Multiple Lovers
I have a lot more theoretical exposure to polyamory than personal experience, but I've
been gaining more personal experience over the last year. It's often interesting, sometimes
painful.
Some recent experiences are making me think I am not nearly as smart or as on top of my
emotions as I like to believe I am. I remind myself that I have to be willing to
acknowledge when I don't know what I'm thinking, but that's harder than it looks... I don't
always take enough time to understand my feelings before speaking or acting.
Still. Through the stupid mistakes and the understandable ones, though my own failures
to be sensitive and the little heartbreaks I've sustained, I've been learning.
One thing I think I've figured out is what I want: I want a number of different
relationships that are ongoing, and one or two relationships that are primary, or especially
committed. Ideally, in fact, I'd love to eventually have a permanent relationship with a
primary polyamorous partner in which we have kids with each other, live together most
of the time, etc, but are still polyamorous. That would be a while in the future, though --
for now, it's important to me to not feel as though my partners expect me to settle down
or stay in one place or anything like that. It seems like any relationship I develop, even
during this relatively early time in my life, could become a child-rearing relationship
eventually -- like, years from now -- but if it does, I doubt I'd want to make it
monogamous.
I recognize that we don't always get our ideal world. In fact, we usually don't. Although
polyamory is a high priority for me, it may be something I eventually compromise on,
given that the majority of people in this world identify as monogamous.
Keeping all that in mind, my preference for polyamory presents some challenges, and
questions that I worry about. Such as:
1. What are my responsibilities towards my partners' other partners? A lot of poly
people will tell you that if you get into a relationship with, say, a married polyamorous
man, then you must also expect to interact with his spouse. In other words, don't assume
that your relationship means you only interact with one half of a couple. I'm totally fine
with this, but on occasion I've felt like I was getting sucked into the couple's problems, or
like I was expected to have no individual relationship with my partner -- that I always had
to go through his primary partner.
Yes, it is certainly my responsibility to communicate with my partners' other partners and
to be friendly with them. But I need to set boundaries on that too -- just dating a poly guy
does not make me their relationship therapist, and it doesn't make me best friends with
his other girlfriends (or boyfriends, for that matter). I am responsible for what I do, but
I'm not responsible for what he does. I am responsible for how I treat his spouse, but I
can't be responsible for how he treats his spouse.
But what if I'm already friends with someone, and one of my partners gets involved with
that person? Do I have special responsibilities in that case? I'm still figuring that one out.
2. When is it actually the best time to start talking about polyamory and setting out
relationship definitions? My approach so far has been to put poly on the table during
initial conversations, and then talk about it more when the topic of the relationship comes
up. But I've been thinking lately that I probably should go into more detail sooner,
because people have such different stereotypes of open relationships that I can't be sure
they're on board with what I'm talking about unless we've discussed polyamory in-depth.
I feel like I talk to a lot of people who think they want a supposedly ""polyamorous""
relationship because they see it as a no-strings-attached free-for-all, and that's definitely
not what I want. Or I talk to people who back away from polyamory for the same reason.
I see polyamory as being about more commitment to relationship negotiation, not less. I
see it as being about setting individual boundaries, if necessary -- it's not about having no
boundaries. I see it as being about creating a secure situation for all parties involved --
not making anyone insecure, or ignoring anyone's needs. And being polyamorous doesn't
make my relationships unimportant to me. Being in love doesn't seem at odds with
polyamory for me.
This is a hard thing to communicate in a small dose, though, especially if I'm dealing
with someone who has minimal exposure to the concept. On the other hand, having a
Serious Conversation about polyamory on the first date is a bit much.
3. Is it a good idea for me to get involved with guys who ultimately want
monogamy? As I noted earlier, I might compromise to monogamy eventually, but poly is
a priority for me. (Who knows, maybe I'll decide it's my ideal relationship formation
again someday. This seems unlikely to me right now, but anything's possible.)
But what if I get really into a guy who ultimately plans to be monogamous? Is this a bad
call on my part? On the one hand, if I go on a few dates with a 28-year-old guy who
doesn't want to get married until his mid-30s but definitely wants a monogamous
marriage when he does... I mean, why not have a relationship? On the other hand, I may
be setting myself up for heartbreak in such situations, if he basically sees our relationship
as ""not real"" from the start. This brings me to my next point....
4. Some people see polyamory as a sign of commitment-phobia. I've made this
mistake myself -- in fact, the ""polyamory as commitment-phobia"" stereotype is so strong
that I've occasionally reversed it and wondered if my desire for it was a sign of
commitment-phobia. But the fact is, my appreciation for polyamory only increased as I
became more certain about what I'm seeking in a partner, and as I gained more
understanding of how to negotiate that. It's come along with relationship confidence and
understanding.
I feel pretty okay with believing in commitment in the context of polyamory. But my
potential partners might not be. I already tend towards emotional caginess and am
sometimes accused of being way too emotionally controlled -- I'm worried that I'll be
read as a ""player"" (or a ""slut"") by people who write me off as a result. I'm also worried
that some may be attracted to me because they see me as an emotionless player, whether
they admit it or not -- indeed, even if they don't admit it to themselves -- and will be
annoyed if I turn out not to be that way. Stereotypes and assumptions are tricky to root
out whether we're aware of them or not.
Some days, I get nervous that the guys who are going to be willing to talk about and
process relationships in the depth that I'm looking for, with a degree of acknowledged
emotional commitment, are all monogamous. Then I remind myself of how many
awesome polyamorous men I know, and also that I'm falling for stereotypes yet again,
just by having these fears.
5. Other questions:
How open am I to casual relationships that don't seem to be going in an emotional
direction, given that I don't have to give up on more serious relationships to have them?
How does being poly change breakup dynamics?
In the absence of monogamy, are there different signifiers that a relationship is serious --
or is getting serious? How can I get better at both giving and reading those signifiers?
What are the other poly stereotypes I've internalized, and how do I act against them?
What are the other poly stereotypes I should look out for from others?
6. Sigh.
Rereading all my questions and rethinking all my thoughts makes me feel somewhat
exhausted. Relationships are hard, and hacking the expected models makes them
hopefully more fulfilling... but also so much more complicated. My life seems so weird
sometimes; a week doesn't go by that I don't wonder why I'm not getting a nice typical
job and settling down with a white picket fence and the monogamous husband and having
2.5 kids. That is not actually what I want, but sometimes the image seems seductively
easy.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/04/11/my-top-questions-about-dealing-with-multiplelovers/
* * *
* * *
* * *
SEX WORK:
[storytime] One Blurred Edge of Sex Work: Portrait of a Sugar Baby
I published this interview in January 2012 at the gender-lens website RoleReboot.org,
where I had just taken on the role of Sex + Relationships Section Editor. Olivia left the
business in mid-2012, as you can read in the piece that follows this one.
* * *
One Blurred Edge of Sex Work: Portrait of a Sugar Baby
Sex work is a controversial and polarized topic, and there are many perspectives on it.
My position is complex -- but for me, when it comes to how we actually interact with sex
workers, one important factor is whether or not they consent to and enjoy their jobs. I am
absolutely in favor of giving better options to sex workers who do not enjoy their jobs,
and I am horrified by the idea of a person being trafficked or coerced into sex that they
don't want to have. But I also know people who have sex for money 100% voluntarily,
and I do not want to deny their experience.
My friend Olivia, a 25-year-old graduate student, recently started advertising her services
on a ""Sugar Baby"" site called SeekingArrangement.com. I think it's important for more
people to understand these kinds of experiences, so I asked to interview her. Many people
have pointed out that once a person starts thinking about the definition of ""prostitute,"" it's
a bit difficult to define what exactly a prostitute is. Some of my sex worker friends have
asked the question: what exactly is the difference between a person whose partner buys
her a fancy dinner after which they have sex -- and a person whose partner buys sex with
money? Olivia has thought at length about this, and I'm grateful to her for sharing her
perspective on that question, and others.
Please note that Olivia is exceptionally privileged. What you are about to read is a
portrait of what the sex industry looks like for a person who is very privileged: she comes
from a white upper-middle-class background, she is not desperate, she is being paid a lot
of money, she does not have a drug addiction. Many other peoples' experiences in the sex
industry are very different.
Clarisse Thorn: Hey Olivia, thanks so much for being willing to talk about this
incredibly complicated topic. Could you start by defining a sugar baby site? What is
it?
Olivia: I use the site SeekingArrangement.com. I don't actually know how many sugar
baby sites there are, but I get the sense there's more than one. It's very hard to pin down
exactly what it does. I guess it connects people, usually with a big age gap, who are
interested in exchanging some kind of material goods or financial resources for some
form of companionship that is often sexual -- but not always.
As far as I can tell, the site's founder is very against the claim that this is prostitution. He
puts out a lot of publicity claiming that this site has nothing to do with prostitution. At
first I thought that he was trying to evade legal consequences, but I think he actually
probably believes that. The site has a blog that he controls, and you can look at it to get a
sense of what he's thinking. One post I think is really interesting is called ""Sugar Baby &
Sugar Daddy: The Modern Day Princess & Prince?"", which compares being a sugar baby
to a kind of ""happily ever after"" princess fantasy.
So far, no one I've talked to seems remotely interested in hiring what they see as a
""prostitute."" They seem to want to be having sex with someone they find very attractive
who is also someone they feel like they can respect, whose intelligence they respect. For
example, someone I see occasionally -- the last time I saw him, he gave me money at the
end and he said that he felt good about giving me the money because he knew I wouldn't
spend it on, quote, ""a designer handbag."" He seems to think that I am reasonably
ambitious and have my shit together, and he seems to feel more comfortable giving me
money because he knows it goes towards my grad school costs and credit card debt. My
ability to write with proper grammar, without overusing emoticons, appears to be my
biggest sales point. Men have told me this outright.
That guy also mentioned feeling more comfortable because he thinks I'm from the same
social class as he is. There are a lot of class issues coming up in these encounters, I think.
Being white and from an upper-middle-class background may help me get clients. My
background has also given me a ton of confidence that puts me at an advantage when
negotiating. I do not think I radiate ""take advantage of me,"" and I (nicely) tell guys who
start doing that to go away.
The guy I was just talking about -- he also mentioned that he feels like he doesn't want to
have sex with someone that he doesn't feel at least a little bit connected to. There's a
distinction between meaningless sex and casual sex. I think these guys want casual sex --
maybe they aren't at the point where they want to deal with having a partner, or they're
really busy at work, or they already have another partner -- they want casual sex but not
meaningless sex.
In my encounters with these men, the money does two things. Firstly, it enables them to
have a relationship with me that they wouldn't otherwise be able to have. Secondly, it
puts them in this position where they can give me something valuable and have that be
appreciated. The guys I see really want to feel appreciated.
Clarisse Thorn: Do you feel like this has given you any new insight into gender
roles?
Olivia: Hmm.... It's made me feel more powerful. I definitely feel like I am the one with
the power in this situation. When I show up, I don't feel like -- here is this rich, powerful
person who is about to bestow wealth upon me. I feel like -- here is this person who is a
bit sad and lonely, and maybe I can make their day better.
A lot of the men who are on this site want to feel appreciated, so it's important to them
that the woman they're with give off the appearance of appreciating them. So for
example, on the website there's a lot of talk about sugar daddies being ""mentors"" or
""benefactors"" rather than clients. They seem to want some combination of me asking
them about their day, and they also want to feel like they're bestowing knowledge upon
me about the world. One of the men I see will always talk about his opinions about
money. He has complicated feelings about himself having money because he doesn't
come from money, so he's trying to work those out. But he also keeps telling me in a very
serious voice that money will not make me happy, that nothing I can buy will make me
happy. I tell him that I can buy security and he says yes, that is one thing I can buy.
Other men seem to be having issues with their age. One mentioned that he's just turned
40, and that's really bugging him. Then he flaked out on me a couple times -- I don't think
he was completely okay with his own decision to be seeing me. But anyway, often,
another thing these men seem to get out of it is access to someone who has a bunch of
youthful energy and optimism and just plain new ideas. A lot of them have mentioned
feeling stuck, or bored, or cynical, or intellectually constrained. So in this sense sex is
only one thing I'm offering them -- I'm also offering them optimism, hope, energy, and so
on. Firstly, the sex is good in and of itself, as most of them aren't getting laid otherwise.
But the sex is also a symbol of them getting access to my youthful energy or whatever.
I think the archetypal image of a mistress involves a woman being ""kept"" so that she
doesn't have to work, so that she can be available for sex basically whenever. But I don't
think this is what the men I see want. I am more valuable to them because I have other
work that I am seriously invested in, and am having sex with them anyway. Again, these
men are interested in a woman who they see as more ""equal"" to them -- in this case,
defined by earnings potential -- and they seem gratified by the idea that they could help
me enter their income bracket someday. This is, of course, still kind of patronizing; like I
said, they keep using words like ""mentor."" It's also presumptuous. But I think a lot of
them being patronizing and presumptuous can probably be attributed to age and wealth,
and only some of it to gender.
I think I've learned more about class and money than I have about gender. It turns out
there are people to whom $1,000 versus $3,000 doesn't matter that much, and I finally
understand that on a visceral level. $1,000 doesn't mean the same thing to me as it does to
most of them. I knew this, but now I really know it.
Another thing I've been struck by is exactly how much romantic relationships are worth.
I've had several clients tell me they don't feel wealthy, and they feel like they worry about
money a lot. I think they were sincere. Of course, my first thought was: don't you think
that your $2,000-per-month prostitute is part of the budget that could be trimmed? But I
think that maybe it's not, actually. I think they think that investing a lot of money in me is
a good investment for them if it gives them a release valve so they can deal with the rest
of their lives. They're probably right.
Clarisse Thorn: You mentioned that you feel powerful in your relationships with
these men. But there are issues of your safety, right?
Olivia: I think there are issues of safety anytime a person meets someone they don't really
know, especially if they plan to spend time in private. And especially if you're dealing
with topics as sensitive as sex or money. There may be more issues of safety with this
because some people really do believe that money can buy them anything. But for the
most part, when I meet people they seem very respectful.
Things I do to increase my safety are that I tell my husband and my friends where I'm
going to be, I tell them exactly where I am. I'll do things like take down a client's license
plate number and text it to my husband. I've been thinking maybe I should look at each
client's driver's license too, and text the client's name and driver's license number to my
husband. I think some clients might feel threatened by that, though.
The most important thing for my safety is that I'm willing and able to walk away from
situations. I'm not desperate -- I won't starve or die if I don't do this work. I meet all my
clients in public first for a meal, and if someone sketches me out, I leave. I'm not so
desperate that I'll get into a situation that scares me.
I guess I am at risk if I meet a really crazy person who wants to chop me up and put me in
a dumpster. But I could meet a person like that during a normal night at a bar, too.
The major risks that I see include that I might catch an STD -- but I use protection. I
might end up alone with someone who believes that the money he's paying actually gives
him the entitlement to do whatever he wants to my body, but I've never encountered
anyone like that. The thing is, as I said before, I haven't met anyone who I think would
actually describe themselves as paying for sex. The terms on which I continue to see
these men are probably less explicitly negotiated than an escort's terms would be. I don't
have flat rates, for example.
I've heard escorts complaining that people who use sugar baby sites are unprofessional,
and I think that from an escort's perspective they probably are.
Clarisse Thorn: If people are unwilling to actually talk about sex for money, it must
be hard to negotiate your encounters. Do you have a set of steps for negotiation?
Olivia: I haven't been doing this for very long. It's varied so far. Usually, I meet them for
some kind of meal, and we chat. We have a perfunctory conversation, like -- ""How was
your day?"" Then one of us will say something like, ""Tell me a bit more about what you're
looking for. Why are you on the site?""
Then we'll explain our deal to each other. Like, he might say: ""I'm divorced, I'm looking
for companionship."" At some point, money comes up. I am always extremely vague
when I talk about money. I've found a good deal of variation in how squeamish people
are about money.
For example, one client was saying that he wanted to get married again, but not yet. I
said, ""Huh, well, if you're interested in a more emotional relationship, how do you feel
about involving money?"" The way he explained it to me was that people are attracted to
each other for all kinds of reasons, probably including money, so why not be up front
about the fact that money is attractive. He seemed almost confused about why I asked.
With that guy, I ended up sleeping with him before we even talked about money -- which
was a huge risk, but I thought it might work, and it did. We had the money conversation
immediately after we had sex -- at some point when we were taking a break, I asked what
he was looking for more specifically from this relationship, and he said that he wanted to
see me again, maybe once a week. I think I asked him his preference for a monthly
allowance as opposed to every time we meet, and he said he'd rather do something
monthly. Then when we were getting dressed, he pulled out $1,000 cash and handed it to
me, and said, ""I'll give you the balance next time we see each other.""
With other people I can be more straightforward. Maybe they aren't sure how to set up
the relationship, so maybe I talk about another client, like: ""I have another client I see 3
times per month for $3,000,"" and they might say, ""That sounds good."" But some guys
will just negotiate it per encounter. One guy brought it up very quickly after we'd
exchanged some emails. He said that he prefers to do a ""per meet"" of $300 -- he called it
a ""per meet"" -- I told him that was too low and quoted him $1,000, and he said he'd meet
me in the middle. Another guy told me that he would just slip $400 into my purse when
he saw me, and that's exactly what he did.
I have one client I've never explicitly discussed money with at all. I had lunch with him,
and we didn't negotiate anything, though we talked a little bit about our reasons for being
on the site. The next time I saw him -- we were deciding where to meet, and he asked if
he should get us a room. I said that I would like that, so I met him and we had sex. He
knew it was my birthday soon, so as we were getting dressed, he said, ""I know we haven't
talked about money, so I got you some birthday spending money,"" and he handed me an
envelope with $400. The next time I saw him, he asked about my plans for the evening. I
said I was having dinner with a friend, and he handed me $400 in an envelope and said,
""Maybe this will help pay for it."" I'm lucky that I'm willing to accept $400 -- it's my
lower bound, but I'm willing to accept it. Imagine if I hadn't been willing to take $400 --
that would be super awkward. Probably I should have negotiated that situation more
clearly, but it worked out okay.
I've heard about situations where unclear negotiations did not work out okay. There was a
New York Times Magazine article about the site published in 2009. In that article, there
were some examples of unclear negotiations that didn't work out well. But it sounded like
that woman didn't really know what she wanted, and didn't really enjoy the work. But I
do. And I know other women who do, too.
I have a new client who paid me $3,000 up front to see me 3 times a month. But I haven't
heard from him since our first meeting. If I were his girlfriend, I'd call him, but he asked
me not to call him. So I don't really know what the deal with that one is. Maybe he's
gonna flake out on me, but he already gave me $3,000, so that would be weird.
Clarisse Thorn: So, your husband. You mentioned him briefly. How does your
husband feel about this?
Olivia: He does not seem particularly threatened. We already have an open relationship. I
think he sometimes feels very visceral jealousy, but that's just like any other time one of
us has sex with somebody else. We just have to talk about it.
Part of the deal here is that I'm doing this because I'm broke. My husband really wants to
be able to support me financially, but he can't right now, so I'm supporting both us doing
this. I think that's a real blow to his ego. To the extent that he gets bothered, I think it's
because I'm allowing other men to support me and give me money; he doesn't care about
the sex. Even though I see this as work, he sees this as ""here's this rich successful guy
who just gave my wife a bunch of money, and she slept with him -- so probably she's
attracted to him.""
I am kind of attracted to my clients, and I kind of get off on making them happy, and I
happen to think that the age difference is kind of hot. I like having sex with them; it's not
unpleasant. I like hearing about these guys' life stories. I think it's interesting. But these
guys would never be a threat to my husband. I would never be sleeping with any of them
except for the money. And I love my husband. I'm always very up front about the fact
that I'm married and I love my husband. My clients accept that.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
and
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/01/05/one-blurred-edge-of-sex-work-interview-witha-sugar-baby-part-1/
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/01/09/one-blurred-edge-of-sex-work-interview-witha-sugar-baby-part-2/
* * *
* * *
* * *
SEX WORK:
[theory] A Sugar Baby Leaves The Business
I published this in 2012; it continues Olivia's story. Thanks again to Olivia for being so
incredibly generous with her time and her thoughts.
* * *
A Sugar Baby Leaves The Business
Previously on Role/Reboot, we ran an interview with my friend Olivia, a 25-year-old
graduate student who had just started having sex for money through a ""sugar baby""
website called SeekingArrangement.com. In the interview, Olivia covered a lot of topics.
She mentioned that she usually feels powerful in her relationships with her clients. As she
put it, ""When I show up, I don't feel like -- here is this rich, powerful person who is about
to bestow wealth upon me. I feel like -- here is this person who is a bit sad and lonely,
and maybe I can make their day better."" Olivia also noted that her negotiations can be
delicate, because some men are quite squeamish while talking about money. And she
explained that she's married -- but it was already an open relationship, and she doesn't see
having sex for money as different from the other kinds of sex that she and her husband
were already having with other people. To deal with it, they're sure to communicate
clearly. As Olivia said, ""We just have to talk about it.""
In the months since that interview, Olivia and I have hung out occasionally to talk about
her experience with sex work. She's traveled across the city to meet me, and often bought
me coffee; non-judgmental social support for sex workers can be rare, and I've seen more
of her since she started the job. Although she really enjoyed the work at first, there were
tough times too, especially after the novelty wore off. Recently, Olivia decided to stop
seeing clients. We talked it through and she gave me permission to write about it. (She
also reviewed this article pre-publication.)
Obviously, there were logistical complexities from the beginning. Taxes were a
nightmare. Olivia wanted to pay them, but it's not the easiest proposition. Then there was
the question of paying off her debts. Some were simple enough, but then there were loans
co-signed by her parents, and there was no way she could make any headway on those
loans without talking to her parents... so Olivia had to maintain the fiction that she
couldn't pay.
That was nothing compared to the complexities of feelings and communication, though.
I've already shown you how hard it was, sometimes, for Olivia to talk about money with
her clients. There are other, subtler problems that are hard to handle with empathy: for
example, creating the Girlfriend Experience persona.
I've talked to sex workers who enjoy creating a ""sexy dreamgirl shell"" on behalf of their
clients. One of them said to me: ""I create that persona for my boyfriends anyway. It's nice
to be paid for it."" But as a feminist sex writer who's spent years working to understand
my own sexual authenticity, this freaks me out a bit. I think it would feel terribly toxic
and inauthentic for me.
It often felt inauthentic to Olivia, for sure, and that got harder and harder. ""These men are
very invested in believing that I'm super into this,"" she told me once. ""I have to keep up
the front, and make them feel like I'm interested all the time. It's literally my job to do
that. When they tell me how happy I am, or when they inform me that I'm enjoying
myself, I can't really contradict them, even if it's not true. Some of them use words like
'magical' to describe me, but the person they're describing is not really me. Sometimes I
think these guys pay me because in a non-professional relationship, a woman might push
back when he says those things. She might contradict his idea of her too much.""
In fairness, Olivia naturally fits one glam stereotype of the middle-class sex worker: the
sexually adventurous young student. It's such a widely-promoted stereotype that
experienced sex worker activists speak derisively about it, and some escorts lie and say
that they fit the profile when they don't. Presumably, clients enjoy believing that a girl is
a sexually adventurous college student because it capitalizes on images of ""sexy coeds"" --
and convinces the client that she's not being emotionally harmed by the work. (I've often
thought that it's way past time for ""fair trade prostitution,"" where sex trade ethics are
made into a competitive advantage. I've also thought that the most feminist thing I could
ever do would be to open a brothel where all the sex workers are treated well. Too bad it's
illegal.)
Of course, SeekingArrangement.com actively encourages the idea that a ""real
relationship"" can emerge from these arrangements. (In our previous interview, Olivia
pointed out the SeekingArrangement blog post ""Sugar Baby & Sugar Daddy: The
Modern Day Princess & Prince?"" Another interesting one is called ""Sugar Babies Do Fall
In Love."") While some guys on the site really do just want to pay for straight-up sex,
some become emotionally invested in the women whose company they buy. And we can
tell from Olivia's experiences negotiating payment that a lot of guys don't like thinking
about how they're paying for it.
Bottom line: more than one of Olivia's clients were into her for real, and she felt more
and more uncomfortable about it as time passed. One man took a surreptitious photo of
her and hung it on the center of his otherwise-bare refrigerator. Another client made faux-
offhand wistful comments such as, ""If you weren't already married, haha....""
Olivia asked my advice on one of these guys, who was clearly falling in love with her
from the start. She mentioned that she'd already talked to another sex worker about it.
The other worker's reaction was, essentially, ""What problem?"" As Olivia put it: ""She told
me that the guy is basically a locked-in regular now, so what am I so bothered about?""
But after a while, Olivia couldn't take how guilty and anxious she felt around this guy,
what with the feelings she couldn't return. She stopped responding to his messages, but
didn't tell him clearly that it was over because trying to phrase the email felt so awful.
""I was so unprofessional about it,"" she said. ""In the end, he sent me this incredibly sweet
note asking what he'd done to hurt me so badly. So my husband helped me write a 'it's not
you, it's me' breakup email. I still feel bad.""
Another facet of emotional difficulty arose when Olivia's husband started taking a
medication that decreased his libido. This put the couple in the odd position of Olivia
having sex with other men, but not her husband -- with her husband's full knowledge and
consent. Although her husband tried to reassure her, she began feeling less secure and
stable at home. And sex work is stressful enough that home security can really, really
matter. Indeed, at one point Olivia mentioned: ""One of my friends is tempted to get into
sex work. But she says she doesn't think she can deal with it, emotionally, unless she has
a partner at home who loves her and will back her up. So I'm not supposed to let her have
sex for money until she's in a good solid relationship.""
Finally, as Olivia fielded other life stresses, she flatly realized that she couldn't have
anything extra going on. What with all the above conversations, we saw signs that the
change was coming, but when it arrived it was both sudden and intense. ""One day I just
knew I had to stop,"" she told me. ""It's bad, because we're behind on rent now, but I had to
stop. My husband pointed out, gently, that we need the money. But of course he accepted
it when I said I was done. Anyway, I managed to line up a good temp job, so we're okay
for now.""
I tried to show in the original interview that Olivia is very privileged compared to most
sex workers. She's got race privilege for her whiteness, class privilege from her
background; she's pretty and young and ""valuable,"" and has tons of education to boot.
She doesn't have a drug habit or some other truly debilitating issue. Although she's under
some financial stress, she's not desperate.
And that leads me to this question:
If even a woman like Olivia -- who was well-treated and made a lot of money and didn't
feel trapped; whose life sounded like the glam fantasy of today's high-end call girl -- if
even a woman like Olivia eventually needed a break from sex for money, then what
could this imply about the experience of less privileged women? I've got a bunch of sex
worker friends, and I would never say that a woman can't be a 100% consenting adult sex
worker who enjoys her job. But what I'm trying to get at, here, is that even on the ""high
end,"" sex work can be incredibly demanding. Even when sex work is as pleasant as it
possibly can be, it's often very hard.
I'd like to see more conversations that acknowledge the reality of sex work as
emotionally intense and challenging, a job that can be bad for many people at many times
in their lives -- without letting go of the fact that some people can and do freely consent
to the job. (The sex worker Mistress Matisse has written a fair bit on sex work and
emotional labor. And male sex workers don't always have an easy time; the porn star
Tyler Knight has written about some of his more difficult moments, too.)
The point is not ""sex work is bad and should be banned"" -- but nor is it ""sex work is
glamorous and fun!"" The point is, sex work is often hard work, even for people who are
not mistreated or abused. As such, it deserves both respect (from outsiders) and openeyed
caution (from those who consider taking it up).
Olivia's not sure she's done with sex work for good. ""The door is still open for future
involvement,"" she told me, last time we met for coffee. ""If I do go back, I think I may try
for straight-up escorting, but I'm not really sure...."" Presumably, working as an escort
rather than being a ""sugar baby"" might evade some of these confusing, strangelynegotiated
situations. Would it evade all of them? It's hard to say.
Regardless, I wish her luck.
* * *
After June 1, 2012, this can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/06/01/a-sugar-baby-leaves-the-business/
* * *
* * *
* * *
Section 2 Study Guide
This section was intended mostly to highlight various ""other"" perspectives that I feel are
significant to sex and/or activism.
* * *
1. Do you see your sexual identity as placing you in a community, or is it more private?
Or is it a little bit of both?
1a. If you identify as part of a sex community, then are there ways you can contribute to
that community? (For example, if you had evidence that abusive relationships were a
problem in your community, what could you do about it?)
* * *
2. What kind of educational needs do you perceive around sexuality? Is there a way you
could contribute to positive sex education?
2a. Does your community have specific or unique needs around sex education?
2b. If you have children, how do you plan to educate them about sex? Specifically, how
do you plan to tell them about the stereotypes and limitations affecting the different
groups described in this section?
* * *
3. How do you look out for and support other members of your community, especially
when it comes to sex?
* * *
4. What lessons from your sexuality do you think are applicable to people who don't
share your sexual tastes?
4a. Are there pieces from this section that feel relevant to you, even if they aren't talking
about your experience or preferences?
* * *
5. What are the overarching patterns that you see within the pieces in this section? How
are these disparate topics relevant to each other?
5a. If some of these pieces are about people you have trouble relating to, then can you
think of ways you could relate better to those people?
* * *
* * *
* * *
SECTION 3:
Making It Complicated
In which we really get into it.
* * *
When I think of this section, I think of:
People's ability to understand their own emotional and physical experiences and
sensations is limited by what is safe to ask or know, what systems of interpretation they
have received for screening that raw material, and whether they find it possible to
connect with anyone who thinks differently about these matters.
~ Pat Califia
* * *
* * *
* * *
RELATIONSHIPS:
[storytime] Chemistry
I wrote this in late 2011, while I was finishing up the first draft of my awesome book
Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser. I was still processing a lot of stuff I'd learned
about pickup artist tactics and pickup artist attitudes, and that's reflected in this piece.
But there's a lot more to it, from working out some stuff about polyamory to my feelings
about marriage. A lot of these thoughts are developed further in Confessions.
* * *
Chemistry
It's a long story and a short one, but I guess all of them are.
I'm 27. It's about that age: A lot of my compatriots are getting married lately -- most
monogamously, some to a primary polyamorous partner. I myself have a stack of
relationships in my past. Some were monogamous, some polyamorous. Some have been
on-and-off, some short-term, some long-term (5 or 6 years was the longest). Lately I've
been processing some tough questions about polyamory, but I'd like to stick with it.
And I've been thinking a lot about what I want in a primary polyamorous partner. The
kind of guy I could marry. I wonder if I'll ever get to that point. I wonder if I'd know him
if I saw him.
* * *
I met Mr. Ambition at one of the aforementioned weddings. Several people
recommended that I talk to him, and we liked each other right away. Mutual friends used
words like ""zealot"" to describe him; let's just say he's got an intense history of dedicated
activism. Charisma, integrity, and pure energy pour off him. His words are almost always
articulate and challenging. He can socially dominate a room without thinking. He works a
challenging job ten hours per day; exercises two hours; socializes several hours; sleeps
and eats when he can. He gives hugs easily, laughs easily, hands out compliments like
candy.
Mr. Ambition is most definitely not a neutral personality. Of course, neither am I.
At the time, I was just coming out of the worst stage of my research on pickup artists -- a
subculture of men who trade tips on how to seduce women. Also, I'd just had one of those
breakups where I was too busy feeling stupid to properly understand how hurt I was.
(Don't you hate those?) You can read all about those Dramatic Events in my upcoming
book Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser. In the meantime, suffice to say that I felt...
flattened.
Arguably, I should have had a sign taped to my forehead that read: ""Emotionally
Unavailable.""
I went to dinner with Mr. Ambition later that week. At the end of the meal, he sat back
and looked at me. ""You're so authentic,"" he said.
""I haven't felt very authentic lately,"" I said frankly, but his words felt good. Like a balm.
Like I was healing.
* * *
We got along excellently, had a lot in common, etc. Typical this-relationship-starts-well
stuff. One evening, after we'd been out to eat in a big philosophical group, Mr. Ambition
noted the hotness of my intense theoretical bent. ""When you were discussing social
justice and ethics tonight,"" he said, ""I wanted to reach across the table and grab you.""
He mentioned marriage within weeks. ""This has never happened before,"" he told me.
""I've never dated someone I thought I could actually marry."" Whoa, tiger, I thought, but I
had to admit that he hit a lot of my Ideal Characteristics as well. Intelligence, drive,
charisma, and morality: it's hard to argue with that.
Our sexual chemistry was okay, but not climb-the-walls stellar. We'll develop that, I told
myself. He's less sexually experienced than I am, and we'll learn each other just fine.
Fortunately he's got some experience with polyamory, but in terms of S&M, he's another
of those vanilla-but-questioning guys (I never learn). When we did S&M, I had to
monitor the situation extra carefully because it was so new to him.
And for all his intelligence, it was really hard to talk to him about emotions. It wasn't that
he was cold or distant; on the contrary, he's one of the most fiery people I've ever met.
But he had a lot of difficulty explaining what was going on in his head. Indeed, he told
me that he had a lot of difficulty knowing what was going on in his head. He did things
like laugh when a friend hurt his feelings, then deny that he was hurt, even though I could
plainly see the stricken look behind his eyes.
I wasn't surprised that he was more physical than verbal about S&M. Very
straightforward: throwing me around, pulling my head back, digging his hands into my
skin. He's incredibly strong, and sometimes I called my safeword simply because his
strength scared me.
There was one particular S&M encounter... early in the evening, I called my safeword
because I wasn't sure he was into it.
""Red,"" I said, and he stopped. ""Is this okay with you?"" I asked, and he nodded.
""Yes,"" he said. ""This is good. Let's keep going."" His voice was low and slightly rough; a
marvel of certainty. He put his hands back on me instantly. My doubts disappeared.
We kept going. I watched my body, felt the lump building in my throat, monitored my
breath as it became harsh and fast.
""Red,"" I said, and he stopped. ""You're going to break me,"" I said, ""I'm going to cry. If
you don't want to deal with that, then stop.""
This, by the way, is a difficult skill that I have learned: this ability to track my S&M
reactions so clearly. I would never have been able to do it seven years ago, and I still can't
do it during complicated S&M encounters. But now I can do it during simple ones. (Yes,
""simple"" and ""complicated"" are in the eye of the beholder.)
I really hate stopping an S&M encounter right when I'm on the verge of tears. It's worse
than an interrupted orgasm. But I'd rather do that than break down crying and then deal
with a horrified partner.
""That's fine,"" said Mr. Ambition. So we kept going. I cried. He started talking, and I was
surprised by how harsh his words could be. That's more like it, I thought.
Some S&M encounters have a rhythm to them, a poetry: a beginning and an end that
become clear to the participants as they go along. This one didn't -- at least not to me. So
I didn't rely on him to bring it to a close. After a while, I safeworded out, and took a
breath to still my tears.
Mr. Ambition was quiet again. I was having trouble reading him. There was some energy
caught inside him, coiled like a dragon, but I couldn't tell if it was violence or something
else. I put a halt to my own emotional cycle and tried to focus on him. ""How are you
feeling?"" I asked, but he couldn't tell me. I asked a few more questions, and he just
couldn't answer. He just didn't know.
I never got another word from him on how he felt about that encounter. I wondered if I
was being too careful in how I asked about it; I wondered if he wanted me to push harder;
I wondered if I'd already pushed him too far.
I suspected there were some dramatic feelings trapped in Mr. Ambition. But I wasn't sure
I currently had the warmth to coax them out.
* * *
In the past, I've fallen in love so hard that I felt like the world was black-and-white when
I was away from my lover; I felt like I only saw color when I was with him. I have dated
men where the chemistry was so intense, so obvious, that it hung in the air between us
like smoke. I've had sex that felt like telepathy. It's pretty awesome when it works. And
it's easier to get that with some people than with others: some guys, I meet them and it's
like we speak the same language already.
With some guys, it's not instant, but it also doesn't take long to build our mutual
vocabulary.
And then I've dated guys where the learning curve -- both sexually and temperamentally
-- was much longer. It was less instinctive. But it was not impossible. So I know for a fact
that people can build chemistry. Sometimes it's just there, but sometimes you can create
it.
My relationship with Mr. Ambition was definitely polyamorous, but a few weeks in, I
decided I was really into him... and I started managing my incentives. There was another
guy I saw occasionally, with whom I had stronger instinctive chemistry. This other guy
agreed with me that we didn't want a Big Important Relationship. This other guy will
screw up my incentives if I hang out with him too much, I thought, and I limited my time
with him. I set rules with myself: I didn't call him, I didn't text him. I knew: If I let myself
get too intensely into this other guy, that could inhibit my ability to bond with Mr.
Ambition.
I told the other guy that once my relationship with Mr. Ambition was more stable, we
might be able to pursue something more intense. By the time we had the conversation, he
said he'd already been thinking similar thoughts. That he didn't want to distract me from
something that could be beautiful.
Similarly, there are one or two men in my life that I'm attracted to but don't want a sexual
connection with at all. So I try not to see them unless I feel inoculated: I don't hang out
with them unless I'm sure I can distract myself with my feelings about another man.
A lot of polyamorists say that ""love is infinite,"" that we can love lots of people, etc. I
agree with this in theory -- but there's also a polyamorous saying that ""While love may be
infinite, time is not."" And hormones aren't infinite, either. I've learned my hormonal
reactions, I've seen myself get imprinted by people... I've seen myself develop feelings
and fantasies for one guy that made me 100% immune to another hot guy's charms.
Do I have perfect self-control? Absolutely not. That's why I'm trying to influence my own
choices so carefully. I know that choice plays a huge role when we build relationships.
Choosing to commit is arguably as big a relationship factor as instinctive chemistry.
... Arguably.
* * *
When I first got to college many moons ago, my roommate came from a family of
immigrants with a tradition of arranged marriages. She and I stayed up late one night,
perched on our dorm room mattresses, and I listened in fascination while she told me that
her father wanted her to marry a man of her father's choice, rather than her own.
""I'm not sure whether I'll do it,"" she said. I watched her wave a hand airily. I was
mesmerized by her casual acceptance of a custom that struck me as barbaric. ""I mean,""
she said, ""I'm cool with this guy that my dad's found for me. But I don't know if we're
that cool. On the other hand, I can't deny the advantages of arranged marriages.""
""Advantages!"" I cried. I was so young... (Okay, I'm still young.) ""What do you mean,
advantages?!""
""Arranged marriages are more stable,"" she said. ""Much more stable. I'm not sure I'd ever
want to marry for love. That shit goes up in smoke.""
From what I understand, there have even been studies about this: that people in arranged
marriages report being quite happy, quite stable.
I've gotten the it's-not-passion-that-makes-a-successful-marriage message before, of
course -- often from super-white, super-American Americans. For example, there's that
infamous 2008 article ""Marry Him: The Case For Settling For Mr. Good Enough."" The
article is sure to send any woman roughly my age into a panic. It's made enough of an
impression that I still have conversations about it with other women my age -- almost
four years after its debut.
I don't like the Settling writer's attitude. She's written with horror and anger about S&M
in other venues, for example; and the whole Settling article has a generally conservative
bent. But she's articulating some real feelings and important thoughts, and while I don't
agree with all of them, I do agree with some. At one point, analyzing television, she notes
that:
While Rachel and her supposed soul mate, Ross, finally get together (for the umpteenth
time) in the finale of Friends, do we feel confident that she'll be happier with Ross than
she would have been had she settled down with Barry, the orthodontist, 10 years earlier?
She and Ross have passion but have never had long-term stability, and the fireworks she
experiences with him but not with Barry might actually turn out to be a liability, given
how many times their relationship has already gone up in flames. It's equally
questionable whether Sex and the City's Carrie Bradshaw, who cheated on her
kindhearted and generous boyfriend, Aidan, only to end up with the more exciting but
self-absorbed Mr. Big, will be better off in the framework of marriage and family. (Some
time after the breakup, when Carrie ran into Aidan on the street, he was carrying his
infant in a Baby Bjorn. Can anyone imagine Mr. Big walking around with a Bjorn?)
I've never watched Friends or Sex and the City, but I know the feeling.
Personally, I'm more of a novel girl. The other day, I found myself thinking of my longago
roommate and her thoughts on arranged marriage while I read Monica Ali's beautiful
book Brick Lane. Monica Ali is an immigrant to the United Kingdom, and the characters
in her novel all come to the UK from Bangladesh. Some of the characters accept
traditional arranged marriages, while others make ""love marriages"" instead -- often
defying their parents, their whole set of cultural norms, to do so. Towards the end of the
novel, one man reflects on the early days of his marriage:
We thought that the love would never run out. It was like a magic rice sack that you
could keep scooping into and never get to the bottom. It was a ""love"" marriage, you see.
What I did not know -- I was a young man -- is that there are two kinds of love. The kind
that starts off big and slowly wears away, that seems you can never use it up and then
one day is finished. And the kind that you don't notice at first, but which adds a little bit
to itself every day, like an oyster makes a pearl, grain by grain, a jewel from the sand.
As you can tell, this character is currently unhappy in his ""love marriage."" Of course, the
grass is always greener on the other side. What's the difference between the big love and
the pearl love? Can they even be compared? Is it like apples to oranges?
But couldn't all this be a false dichotomy? Who says it's about arrangement versus
randomness -- chemistry versus choice? Can we have both? Can we find the big love, and
nurture that so it develops into the pearl love, too?
My ultimate conclusion about the Art and Science of Flirting, from my ""studies"" of
pickup artists and also my entire life, is that flirting is all about strategic ambiguity.
Deliberate uncertainty. Manipulating ambiguity and uncertainty can contribute to many
intense feelings.
Some people learn this, and decide that the only way to have a relationship with
chemistry is to include a constant generous dollop of uncertainty about love, loyalty, or
something equally important. These people decide chemistry can only derive from little
pieces of confusion: tiny mismatches that lodge underneath the similarities that bring
people together, constantly unsettling, like a prickly burr. But I don't think that's what I
want.
And after all, S&M creates extraordinary feelings too, but plenty of people do S&M in
very controlled circumstances: pre-discussed, with safewords and so on. Arguably, S&M
is another form of mismatch, of contrast, of uncertainty -- but it's a form that can be
managed. So I know all about creating intense uncertain feelings in controlled
circumstances, and using those to contribute to stable and reliable loving relationships.
Don't I?
Eventually, my college roommate caused a gigantic blowup in her family by rejecting
arranged marriage. Her father didn't speak to her for a long, long time.
* * *
On my birthday, Mr. Ambition took me out to dinner. Then we went to watch fireflies by
the lake. As was inevitable for summer in Chicago, we ran into lots of people we knew.
One of those groups contained an on-again-off-again partner of mine: Richard, with
whom I have... shall we say, a complicated history. I respect Richard a lot, and I like him,
and I'm highly attracted to him... but I'm pathologically wary of him for reasons that will
become obvious.
We greeted our friends. ""How are you doing?"" Richard asked.
""Happy birthday to me, asshole,"" I teased. ""How could you forget?""
Richard sighed. ""Jeez,"" he said, ""sorry I neglected to wish you a happy birthday within,
like, the first 15 seconds I saw you.""
I paused, and took a moment to recalibrate: he wasn't reacting in his usual adversarial,
teasing-back manner. On the other hand, history has taught me not to fall for it when
Richard seems unexpectedly vulnerable.
""I'm sorry,"" I said. I kept my tone light-hearted, friendly. ""You know I love you, right?""
""Do I?"" Richard asked.
I tilted my head at him. Without thinking, I kissed my own fingers, then put my hand
gently against his face, as if I were about to stroke his cheek. Or slap him. I guess it was a
way of distancing myself and kissing him at the same time. I think he understood that I
intended it as an uncertain-but-intimate gesture. But I'm never sure, with Richard.
""Call me,"" I said.
""No,"" Richard said. ""You call me.""
Hours later, Mr. Ambition brought him up. We were having one of those sweet, intimate,
disjointed bedtime conversations. Mr. Ambition was lying back, half-covered by a sheet,
and I was admiring the play of light on his chest. ""Richard really cares about you,"" he
said.
I stiffened, and sat up. ""Maybe,"" I said. ""But I can't trust Richard.""
""His tone seemed wistful, when he saw you.""
""I can't trust Richard,"" I repeated. ""It's always a game with him. Sometimes I think that
we have a real emotional connection, but if I try to talk about it or give him emotional
feedback, he just ignores me.""
""Maybe he isn't really ignoring you,"" argued Mr. Ambition. ""Maybe every time you say
something, or give a little, it makes a tiny bit of difference. Maybe you just have to stay
open. Keep trying. These things build up.""
""You don't understand,"" I snapped. ""You don't know him! Maybe he really cares, but
even if he does, it doesn't matter! Things always end up the same. If I mention emotions,
or if I act warm to him, he'll ignore me for a while... and then he'll be cold to me again.
I'm telling you, I've been here before, with Richard. It's a trap.""
Mr. Ambition didn't waver. ""If you're strong enough,"" he said simply, ""then you can walk
into a trap.""
His words made my heart crack, my breath catch. Made me feel like I've forgotten
everything I knew about love.
When I was younger, I thought of my emotional strength like water: an embrace that
could make someone I loved feel lighter. Water is a slow, eroding force that pulls beauty
from the unexpected. Water makes wood into twisted driftwood sculptures; sharp glass
into opaque dim jewels; rocks into soft sand. Water will eventually reveal the heart of
everything it touches. If you let it.
I hadn't thought of myself that way in a long time. I felt like Mr. Ambition was calling
me out, reminding me of who I wanted to be. Maybe I protect myself better, these days.
But vulnerability is not always a bad thing.
I definitely could fall in love with this man, I realized.
""You're really amazing,"" I said, and threw myself on his chest.
He put his arms around me. ""So are you,"" he said.
* * *
As a storyteller, I often look back on my relationships and pick out foreshadowing: the
omens. And by now, I recognize the omens even as they're happening... and sometimes I
change my behavior, but usually I don't. Perhaps this state is what they call maturity.
One night while we were out, Mr. Ambition sighed in an offhand way. He seemed tired,
out of sorts. ""I just want someone to take me on an emotional journey,"" he remarked to
me. Then he added, ""... No offense.""
I mentioned this to a friend, later: ""Mr. Ambition says he wants me to take him on an
emotional journey,"" I said.
""An 'emotional journey'? That shit gets old, though,"" said my friend. I laughed, and
agreed with him.
Another night, Mr. Ambition mentioned something about enjoying drama. I was with my
best girlfriend at the time; she and I looked at each other. ""Careful what you wish for,"" I
said.
My friend said, ""Yeah, I'm pretty sure Clarisse knows how to create arbitrary amounts of
drama at any time.""
""But I'm pretty sure I don't want to,"" I said.
Later, when Mr. Ambition mentioned that he doesn't usually know how he's feeling, he
added: ""My friends can often tell more about my own emotions than I can.""
""So you basically outsource your emotional processing to your friends?"" I asked.
He agreed.
Perhaps the worst omen was when Mr. Ambition told me, ""I've never been hurt by love.""
""Never?"" I asked.
""Never,"" he said.
His certainty was so great that, in itself, it made me uneasy. Because I have definitely
been hurt by love. And my greatest wounds were dealt by men who seemed sure they
loved me. A man who seems sure might actually be sure, but he may simply fail to
understand himself.... So these days, it's always men who seem certain that make me
most uncertain.
There's another great quotation from that Monica Ali novel, Brick Lane. Here it is: ""The
thing about getting older is you don't need everything to be possible anymore, you just
need some things to be certain.""
* * *
I often felt like I was watching the relationship from a distance. I tried to resist thinking
of our relationship using cold, manipulative pickup artist terminology and tactics, but
sometimes I couldn't stop myself. I'd rather not talk about that.
I found more and more ways to manage my incentives. I noticed that one of my methods
was telling friends and parents that I liked Mr. Ambition a whole lot. I think it was even
true.
Most of all, I told myself that the lack of natural chemistry was a good thing, and not a
bad thing; the lack of natural chemistry was why this relationship could last.
I was quite calculating about it, really, and maybe that was why he broke up with me. On
the bright side, I kept my head during the breakup, which was nice, because I didn't keep
my head during my last breakup. With Mr. Ambition, I didn't feel like my self-control
slipped at all.
""We need to talk,"" Mr. Ambition said without preamble, when I met him in the foyer of
his apartment building. ""I'm having some concerns about our relationship."" Once we were
in his apartment, he said, ""To be honest, I don't know how attracted I am to you.""
I tried to measure his mien. I got the feeling, again, that energy was coiled tightly inside
him. Like a dragon. ""Are you breaking up with me?"" I asked.
""We're just having a conversation,"" he said quickly.
We talked about sex for a while. Chemistry. ""I don't think I like S&M, to be honest,"" he
said. ""I don't feel affected by it.""
I thought: Are you sure? and You definitely looked affected by it, but it's both unethical
and unwise to question someone else's experience. So I just said, ""You know I don't want
you to do anything you don't want to do. Have you felt pressured by me?""
""No, of course not,"" he said.
We talked some more. He ultimately said, ""Look, are you totally satisfied with the sex
we're having?""
""I mean..."" I said. ""It's not the most intense sex I've ever had, but it'll keep getting better.""
""I think we should just be friends,"" he said.
""... Okay,"" I said. ""Um. Is there anything else you want to talk about?""
Mr. Ambition seemed agitated. He seemed barely able to hold still. ""I've never dated
anyone that I respected like I respect you,"" he said. ""Your charisma, your intelligence,
your morality. But... I don't know. I don't feel like we're very authentic with each other. I
don't feel like there's much warmth between us.""
Maybe you're right, I thought. But either way, it's too late now. ""Okay,"" I said. I thought
for a moment. ""I'm sorry,"" I added. ""I really wanted this to work out."" For a moment,
tears startled my eyes, but I blinked them back.
""Are you all right?"" he asked. He leaned forward. ""Is there anything I can do for you?""
I looked at him and tried to think. I knew I was going to be very upset in maybe fifteen
minutes. He seemed hurt, and I wanted to say something that would comfort him. I
wondered if he wanted me to cry, and beg, and create drama; I wouldn't do that... but
maybe it would help if I asked for something simple.
But I couldn't come up with anything, and I wanted to leave. So after a pause, I said,
""You can let me go home and cry.""
I said it as gently as I could. But Mr. Ambition seemed terribly distressed. ""Ohhh,"" he
said, and screwed up his face. He leapt to his feet. ""I'm sorry,"" he said.
""It's okay,"" I said. ""Is there anything else?""
""Sometimes I think men just aren't capable of the kind of commitment women are,"" Mr.
Ambition said. He sounded defensive, even though I hadn't made any accusations. ""Then
again, you're not like most women.... You're kind of a hardass. You probably have this
problem with a lot of the men you date, where you come across as kind of a hardass....
And to be honest, I don't think men really want to date women as smart as they are.""
Jesus, I thought, you already broke up with me; can't you just let me go? Why do you
have to rip into me like this? I wondered how much of what he was saying was about me,
and how much was him trying to make sense of his own feelings. But even though I felt
sure that he was confused, his words sent an icy spike straight through me. ""I don't think
men really want to date women as smart as they are....""
""I've worked really hard to become less argumentative,"" I said. ""You should have seen
me when I was a teenager.... I don't know if I can tone myself down any more than I
already do."" Even as I said it, I wondered why I was still talking to a guy who'd just said
that men don't want to date women as smart as they are. I felt like a bad feminist.
""Oh, you shouldn't tone yourself down!"" said Mr. Ambition. ""It makes you attractive....
Attractive intellectually, I mean.""
I sighed. ""Yes,"" I said. ""Intellectually.""
""I'm sorry,"" he said again.
""I'm going home,"" I said.
""We're still friends, right?"" he asked.
""Yes, but give me some time to get over this,"" I said. ""Probably about a month.""
""What do you mean?"" He came after me as I walked to the door. ""Like, you don't want to
see me at all for a month? You don't want me to call you, or reach out to you, or
anything?""
I looked at him, again, for a long moment. I regretted his stricken expression. Again, I
spoke as gently as I could. ""Maybe in a month.""
He offered me a ride, which I declined. My fifteen-minute estimate was almost on target:
twenty minutes later, I stepped into my bedroom, leaned back against my door and burst
into tears.
* * *
I ran into Richard the next evening, and we spent the night together. Richard put a fair
amount of effort into convincing me to talk to Mr. Ambition.
""It sounds like he didn't actually mean to break up with you,"" said Richard. ""It sounds
like the conversation got away from him. He didn't start that conversation intending to
break up with you; maybe he was looking for reassurance, and you approached his
questions too logically, and he concluded that you don't care. You really like him. It
seems like it's worth trying to make it work.""
You may have noticed that both of these men tried hard to convince me that the other
man cared about me. I decline to analyze what that means about me and my current
approach to relationships.
However, I will say that I tried giving Richard more emotional feedback than I have in a
long time; I even told him I missed him the next time he went on vacation. And I did try
talking to Mr. Ambition again, and he acknowledged that he hadn't exactly intended to
break up with me.
But then Mr. Ambition and I had several of those encounters that I think of as ""postbreakup
talks."" I hate that shit. Every evening ended on a confusing, inconclusive note.
He kept saying that he was ""confidently ambiguous."" We weren't dating, we weren't not
dating. It reminded me of a phase I went through with a college ex-boyfriend, back in my
monogamous days: my ex and I spent several weeks post-breakup being ""exclusive but
not together."" So preposterous. People are so broken.
Mr. Ambition himself has described uncertainty as an ""emotional amplifier""... but
sometimes it amplifies in the wrong direction. After a week or so, I got fed up and cut
things off. He asked when we would talk again, and I told him I didn't want to talk for a
while. A few days later, I broke my neck in a bicycle accident.
It's like a goddamn soap opera, isn't it? Sometimes I can't believe this stuff happens to
me.
* * *
Mr. Ambition showed up in my hospital room while no one else was around. I was no
longer afraid that I might die, but I was leaden with morphine, and anxious. I awaited the
neurosurgeons who would come install a big scary spinal brace, and I felt grateful and
glad to see Mr. Ambition. I hadn't been certain he would come, although if he'd had such
an accident, I would have moved Heaven and earth to go see him.
""I came as soon as our friends told me,"" he said. ""There are so many people who love
you."" He said my name, and spoke softly, and the words bruised my heart.
""Thank you,"" I said inadequately.
""I had to skip out on work to get here,"" he said, and sat next to my bed. ""We're in the
middle of important negotiations. A billion-dollar deal.""
""I'm sorry,"" I said. ""Maybe you shouldn't have come.""
He laughed. ""Don't you think you're worth a billion dollars?""
""Probably not,"" I said.
He took my hand. ""Is there anything I can get you?"" he asked.
I wasn't allowed to eat or drink before the surgery. ""Tell me a story,"" I requested.
Mr. Ambition retold a story from Dostoevsky's The Idiot. It was about a big-hearted man
who comes to a small community and befriends an outcast ""fallen woman."" The bighearted
man gains high status in the community, but when people find out that he's
friends with the marginalized sex worker, they become angry. Despite their
condemnation, the man stays steadfastly loyal to his friend, and by seeing the way he
cares about her, eventually the community accepts her too.
It was exactly the kind of story I expected to hear from him. I thought of the moment,
sitting in bed, where he'd said: ""If you're strong enough, you can walk into a trap."" The
moment when I'd realized that I could fall in love with him.
After Mr. Ambition finished the story, the doctors arrived with the brace. This
contraption involved using power tools to put four screws directly into my skull, which
stabilize seven pounds of metal. For realz. I was awake while they did it, too. Luckily I
got local anesthesia, so the screws didn't hurt while they were going in -- but I heard the
bone crunching, and I felt the pressure building. Also, my neck hurt a lot. It was
reasonably horrible.
Some of my friends said later that they arrived at the hospital and tried to get into my
room while the brace was being installed, and they couldn't get in, but they heard me
screaming. I don't remember screaming, so I deny everything.
I tried to talk normally while it was happening. I felt like the whole affair was probably
more taxing for the doctors than it was for me. I mean, at least I had morphine.
""I'm sorry,"" I said to one of the doctors. ""People must say awful things to you while
you're doing this procedure.""
""One woman told me how much she hated me,"" the doctor said tranquilly.
I tried not to cry, but I cried. Like I said: soap opera territory.
Mr. Ambition never let go of my hand.
* * *
Mr. Ambition visited me in the hospital for hours every day. He brought me all kinds of
awesome vegan smoothies. He met my parents, and got along well with them.
When she got a moment alone with me, my best girlfriend asked what was up with him.
""You guys broke up, didn't you? What's next?""
""I'm not sure,"" I said. ""We haven't talked about it.""
When I was able to go home, Mr. Ambition helped move me in. My air conditioner had
stopped working, which is not fun for August in Chicago, especially for a person wearing
a fur-lined brace. He promised to lend me a fan.
I can't turn my head, so when Mr. Ambition arrived with the fan, I didn't realize it was
him until he was standing right next to me. I was alone in my room, lying in bed, wearing
only the brace and my underwear while I answered text messages. This was not as sexy
as it sounds. Unless you're a medical device fetishist. In which case, I guess it was
exactly as sexy as it sounds.
The fan was quickly installed next to my bed. I felt awkward because I was half-naked
and wearing a complex brace. I felt awkward because I couldn't help with the fan. I also
felt awkward because I was racking up unpayable debt to a man who was, to all
appearances, my ex. I tried to cover my discomfort by answering some more texts; then I
looked up at Mr. Ambition. I couldn't read his expression.
I felt oddly expressionless, myself. I felt wrung out. I couldn't think of any words I
wanted to say.
Maybe that was our moment of truth: the moment had no chemistry at all.
I gave Mr. Ambition my hand. ""Thank you so much for everything,"" I said.
""Of course,"" he said, squeezed my hand, and left.
* * *
After my accident, Richard sent me a quick email, then didn't contact me for over a
month. I remembered what Mr. Ambition had said -- encouraging me to send more
emotional signals -- so tried inviting Richard for dinner, and he didn't answer my text
messages. When I finally ran into Richard, I asked why he'd been ignoring me, and he
laughed. ""I knew you'd accuse me of ignoring you,"" he said. I felt like I'd walked into a
trap.
I was hurt, obviously. I was surprised by how hurt I was. The problem with my youthful
water metaphor is that water is basically invulnerable, but I am not... and when I was
younger and more open, I had much more trouble setting important boundaries.
On the other hand, I had to admit that it was funny, too. I mean, it wasn't like I didn't see
this coming. I mean, my coming-out story includes a portrait of Richard at his most
difficult. One of the friends I share with Richard made a comment about leopards and
spots. Maybe my life is a soap opera, but it could also be a sitcom with the most amazing
characterization ever.
I enlisted a cold, brilliant, evil-hearted friend to help draft my final letter to Richard. The
letter was very short. Arguably, it was brutal. It read:
Economists recognize that the most robust relationships are formed through a plethora
of implicit agreements. Apparently, these agreements are not present, and probably won't
be. Cheers.
Economics arguments in the comments are encouraged. More importantly, readers may
feel free to steal that letter for use on whoever is trying to pull their chain.
* * *
I received a couple texts from Mr. Ambition, a few days after he gave me the fan. He said
there had been a death in his family. ""But I don't want to talk about that, actually,"" he
wrote. ""I just want to check in and see how you're doing.""
I thought about how he laughed when he was hurt. I thought about how he'd once told me
that he wanted drama. I thought about his confusing reactions to S&M. I thought about
how he outsourced his emotional labor to his friends. I thought about all the emotion I'd
felt in him, coiled and caught and turned in on itself like a caged dragon.
I wondered if he wanted me to push him to talk.
""I'm so sorry,"" I texted back. ""But I understand if you don't want to talk about it. I'm
doing fine.""
He invited me to a social event a week later, but I declined. I didn't reach out to him for a
while after that, and he didn't reach out to me. I heard later that Mr. Ambition asked one
of my friends whether they thought he owed me anything.
My friend told him, quite accurately: ""No, you don't owe her anything.""
If anything, I owe him. I'm not sure what I owe him, but I'm sure I owe him something.
A billion dollars? Vegan smoothies?
Chemistry?
* * *
This post can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/09/30/storytime-chemistry/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] Start From A Position of Strength
I wrote this post in 2011, and I wrote it carefully because I was worried that it might be
interpreted as putting too much responsibility for BDSM on the submissive partner's
shoulders. To be clear, I believe that both partners have responsibilities in a BDSM
situation, but I also believe that the dominant partner especially must be careful and
responsive. I hope that this is a theme in all my work. I really don't ever want to
encourage people to blame the victim. However, I think it's undeniable that submissive
partners need a sense of themselves, as well as internal strength and resources, to do
BDSM -- especially very intense BDSM. The goal of this post was to start figuring out
what that means.
* * *
A while back, I attended a workshop run by educator Sarah Sloane on the topic of BDSM
and abuse. Sarah centered her workshop on a maxim that I have hereby stolen: ""Start
from a position of strength, and seek strength in the end.""
I've been thinking about this a lot in terms of not just polyamory and BDSM, but sex in
general. All types of sexuality are more pleasurable for some people, and less pleasurable
for others; emotionally easier for some people, and more difficult for others. I have zero
interest in telling other people how they ""should"" or ""shouldn't"" deal with their sexuality,
as long as what they're doing is consensual. I want to say right now that nothing I'm about
to write is intended to tell others how they ""should"" or ""shouldn't"" do S&M; it's just my
own thoughts on how I might choose and process my experiences.
I can certainly consent to whatever, even if that thing is problematic or scary or difficult
or complicated -- I can consent. The thing is, if I want to get something amazing and
positive out of my experiences, I think it's good to start from a position of strength.
In some ways this is clear. For example, I think that being with a partner who genuinely
wants me to have a good experience, who really cares about me, and who wants to see
me again -- that's almost always a position of strength. Even if I have fairly intense, dark
S&M encounters with that person, I can feel confident that he'll treat me with respect;
that he'll give me space and lend me strength for emotional processing afterwards.
Also, knowing what I want is a position of strength; understanding how I feel is a
position of strength. Being able to recognize my emotional difficulties, hiccups, triggers
and landmines is a position of strength. Knowing for sure that I can call my safeword, if
necessary, is a position of strength. On a physical level, I prefer to do S&M when my
body is in good shape -- when I'm well-rested and I've eaten healthy food. That, too, is a
position of strength.
In some ways this can become murky. For example: I am rarely interested in one-night
stands. There are a number of reasons for this, but one reason is that -- especially as a
woman -- feeling like a ""slut"" can be scary, difficult cultural territory. And when I don't
feel good about myself, my interest in one-night stands is even lower -- because I know
that dealing with the difficult territory of ""sluthood"" will be harder with low self-esteem.
If I'm feeling happy, strong, competent, valuable, and loved by the world... then onenight
stands can easily be fun. If I doubt my worth, or if I doubt how much I deserve
love... then one-night stands can be self-destructive.
The same goes for relationships with people who don't care about me. If I'm sure that a
guy has no emotional interest in me, then having sex with that guy can be a dangerous
emotional proposition for me, and one that I need to feel strong for. This doesn't always
end up being true -- I've definitely had sexual encounters that left me emotionally
unaffected -- but sometimes it's hard to predict whether I'll want more emotional
investment from a given dude, so I try to keep it in mind for all encounters. (From a
polyamorous perspective, I've noticed that less-emotional sex is often easier to handle
when I'm already in a solid relationship with someone else.)
A couple I know in the local S&M community will sometimes have encounters that
absolutely blow my mind, because they seem so difficult and so psychological. Here is an
example: after the pair was married and child-free for many years, the wife realized that
she might want children after all. This was a problem for her husband, who married her
with the understanding that neither of them wanted kids. It became an ongoing
discussion. Then the husband -- who is also the sadistic, dominant partner -- asked her if
they could have an S&M encounter focused around the topic. She said it was okay.
So, as part of an S&M class that they taught together, the husband used her new feelings
about children to rip into her: during the S&M encounter, he told her that she was
probably too old to have children, that she'd waited too long. He added that she was too
flighty for kids; that she'd be a bad mother. He added that he had always made it clear
that he never wanted kids; that she was stupid for marrying someone who didn't want
kids, and that this problem was her own fault.
I was not present during this class, but I heard about it from some attendees, and it sounds
like it was really intense. He used a genuine and difficult sore spot to put his wife through
a psychological S&M wringer, with her consent.
These days, I feel very tempted towards encounters like that: encounters that can tear me
apart on a deep level, using important weaknesses and insecurities. I've also received
email from other people who want to arrange encounters like that, and who ask my
advice. An obvious problem is that such a relationship could easily slip into abusive
territory.
So I've thought about this a lot, and here's my conclusion: those kind of intense
psychological encounters obey the same maxim as other BDSM -- ""Start from a position
of strength, and seek strength in the end.""
Thus, before having such an intense psychological encounter, I should feel that the
encounter will ultimately -- through the pain and anxiety and tears -- make me feel more
supported, more capable, more powerful in the world. One angle on this is to trust my
partner a great deal, and be sure that he wants the best for me -- to be sure that in the end,
he wants me to be as strong as I started... or stronger.
It's possible that I might not need so much support from my partner, if I get support
elsewhere in my life: perhaps from friends, perhaps from a Kink Aware therapist, perhaps
from a great job or a solid diet and exercise plan, perhaps even from another partner. (Of
course, if I were planning to get extensive emotional processing support from other
people, then I would seek their consent beforehand.)
Still, it seems like the easiest way to get support would be to get it from my partner, who
would share more of the experience with me than anyone else. This would also build our
intimacy, which is usually a major factor in having intense S&M encounters in the first
place.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/07/20/slogan-start-from-a-position-of-strength/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[storytime] Predicament Bondage
I wrote this in early 2011. Amusingly, after I wrote it, one of the top Google queries that
brings people to my blog became the phrase ""predicament bondage."" I think those folks
are probably looking for porn, and I wonder if my article disappoints them.
* * *
Predicament Bondage
Some people are masochists (who enjoy pain) but not submissives (who enjoy, well,
submitting). Some people are really into discipline (with lots of punishment) but not
bondage (rope, cages, etc). Some people are sadists (who enjoy inflicting sensations) but
not dominants (who enjoy being in control). Some people are switches, who find that
they can switch between roles -- they can be dominant or submissive; sadistic or
masochistic... I am an example of a definite switch.
Me, I get positively bored if someone takes a long time tying me up. For other people, 45
minutes of elaborate knotwork = really hot foreplay. I don't understand this, but that's
cool; plenty of people don't understand my preferences and we all coexist quite happily
anyway.
So yeah, ""bondage"" -- rope, cages, etc. -- is not so much my thing. But there's one phrase
I absolutely love: ""predicament bondage."" Predicament bondage is usually presented in a
very elaborate way: for example, a submissive might be tied up with ropes binding him
such that his arms are in pain -- but if he moves his arms then his legs will be in pain. It's
a predicament! And it's bondage! Whee! Predicament bondage!
However, it doesn't have to be elaborate to be predicament bondage. I'm not into rope
obstacle courses, but I started loving the phrase ""predicament bondage"" after a friend
went to a workshop run by Fetish Diva Midori and reported back. He said:
Midori had two pitchers of water, or maybe a pitcher and a glass. She told us, ""This is
the simplest form of predicament bondage,"" and she had the demo submissive hold his
hands straight out at shoulder height. Then she placed the water in his hands. The
submissive had to keep holding the water; if he failed, he knew he would be failing
Midori. But there was never any threat of ""Midori's wrath"" if he failed her. In fact, she
spoke as if she was on his side, part of his team. In many ways, her sympathy for his
plight made it all the more cruel, because she was the one doing it to him.
She explained this. She knew that his sense of disappointment in ""failing"" her was worse
than anything she could actually do to him.
So, the predicament in that case was the submissive's increasing arm agony vs. his fear of
failing Midori. For me, that concept is infinitely hotter than a rope obstacle course.
Although for me, in practice, I'd also want the pain to be a bit more... um... personal.
* * *
The first time someone flogged me, I had no idea what he was going to do beforehand; he
and I had the strongest dominant/submissive dynamic I've ever felt, and I put myself in
his hands with almost-total trust. A night came around when I felt that itch under my
skin, the dark burn in the back of my mind... I knew I had to go see him. I wasn't hugely
experienced, but I knew exactly what that slow burn meant.
It was late. He was in bed, and I lay down next to him. ""I think..."" I said slowly, ""I want
you to hurt me. A lot.""
I felt him tense beside me.
""Why?"" he asked.
I didn't look at him. ""Why do you ask me questions when you already know the answer?""
""Sometimes I just want to hear you say it,"" he said, and stood up. ""Take off your clothes
and get on your knees.""
I caught my breath; did as he said. When I felt the ends of the flogger trail lightly down
my back, I wasn't even sure what the soft sensation meant, but I was already trembling
anyway. I am surprised by my memory of how much it hurt when he hit me. These days,
I don't think of floggers as especially painful, but then again, I seem to recall that he left
more marks than I'm used to. (I loved taking off my shirt and examining the bruises in the
mirror. I glowed for days, afterwards.) So maybe there was something particular about
what he did, or about his materials. Or maybe it's just that it was my first time.
He created the predicament when I started to cry and flinch around. It was very simple.
He leaned over me. ""For the next three, keep your face down and your hands still,"" he
said. ""Promise me.""
""I can't,"" I said. ""I can't promise."" I said it frantically. I was terrified of failing him. ""I
can't.""
""You have to,"" he said gently. ""So you will.""
I cried harder. I sobbed so hard I couldn't speak. He stayed where he was, leaning over
me, and kept a merciless silence. ""I promise,"" I finally said, when I could shape words.
My back was to him, I couldn't see his face, but I swear I felt him smile.
When he hit me again, I barely moved. After the count of three, he said he wanted to see
how much longer I could go, but the answer was that I couldn't -- I started to flinch
strongly again. Of course, he kept hitting me, if only for that. But at least I hadn't broken
my promise. Hadn't failed him.
* * *
I've heard about a game in which the submissive partner stands next to a wall, and holds
two coins against the wall -- one in each hand. The dominant then does, you know, some
stuff. On the submissive's part, dropping the coins spells failure. This sounds pretty hot,
and it's one way to make a concrete predicament. But during the above encounter -- my
first time being flogged -- I assure you that it was plenty hot enough without any coins.
With only my promise and my awareness to keep me in line.
Sometimes I can't obey the order, no matter how hard I try. My partner may order me not
to move, for example, when I can't help moving. If I were in the above scenario, with the
coins, I'm not confident that I wouldn't drop them. It's scary -- especially if I love him,
because then all the emotions are multiplied. But even if I'm not in love -- as long as he's
got me in the right mental space, then if I fail, I will say ""I'm sorry"" over and over. I'll be
terrified of his anger; I'll feel like I deserve punishment, and if he doesn't keep hurting me
I'll feel abandoned.
The more I fail, the more it hurts -- more than physical pain ever could. Slamming up
against my own limits makes me feel terribly inadequate. It's hot, but it's dangerous; it
can rip me apart. At times like that, I often need my partner to tell me after we're done: ""I
still like you and think you're a good person.""
And sometimes I need to hear that especially if I safeword out of the encounter, because
sometimes -- not always, but sometimes -- calling my safeword can feel like the worst
failure of all.
* * *
When I trace some of the weirdest and most random situations that get me hot, I see that
predicaments come up all the time. For example, I have a terrible tendency to try and
make out with a partner right before we're expected to be somewhere. I might be totally
cold 30 minutes before we have to leave, but 10 minutes before we have to leave, ding!
It's like a switch flips. We've got to leave, but I grab him and now he's turned on, oh no!
And now we're late! Whee!
One of my exes pointed out my tendency to make out with him while his car was stopped
at traffic lights that were about to turn green. ""I know!"" I said. ""I don't really get why I do
that, myself."" He responded, ""Predicament bondage!""
* * *
Sometimes, when the pain is getting intense, I'll play a little game with my partners.
(Kind of a game, except it's also serious, or it feels serious at the time; usually, when I
start playing this game, I am not even close to coherent enough to ponder tactics; I'm
running on instinct.) I think of this game as the ""aren't you scared of the neighbors"" game.
In the ""aren't you scared of the neighbors"" game, I start making noise loud enough that I
might catch outsiders' attention. Part of me is hoping that my partner is worried about the
neighbors; that he'll relent, that I can use my tiny advantage to convince him to pull back.
That I can play for a moment of relief, a smidgen of mercy.
Of course, if I'm lucky, my partners will then just order me to be quiet while they hurt
me. Which creates a predicament! Because being quiet is actually not at all easy, and it
gets more difficult the more it hurts.
And then there's the distraction game. I don't always do BDSM with partners I'm sexually
attracted to; even with partners I'm sexually attracted to, I don't always feel sexual during
our BDSM encounters. But when I feel very attracted during a BDSM encounter, oh,
man. That's when I play the distraction game, which involves attempting to distract him
by turning him on. Again, I'm not really coherent enough to be planning strategy at times
like this; I'm more going on instinct; instinctively, it's like I'm trying to bargain. Maybe if
I can turn him on, he'll have sex with me instead of hurting me....
If I'm lucky, he'll recognize what I'm doing; he'll be pleased, amused even, but he won't
stop. One recent partner had me handcuffed to a car seat while he was hurting me. (Doing
this in his car was not my idea, but at least we weren't moving. Nor were we paused at a
traffic light.) I couldn't move too much, so I started licking his hand when he reached for
me. Kissing his palm, his fingers -- he groaned, and then he laughed.
""You are a switch,"" he said, ""trying to control me even now."" And he didn't stop.
* * *
""No,"" I breathed, a few months ago, during an encounter with someone who's really good
at this. ""You don't get to say no,"" he replied, so I bit back the word. Had to fight against
my own desperate instinct to say it, over and over.
Later, he murmured, ""It's so cute how you act like you don't want this,"" as he leaned in to
inflict dark bruises on my shoulder. His words almost brought me to tears. But I don't
want it. Do I? How can I want something that hurts like this? But I'm not stopping him --
did I really ask for this -- I must want it -- Forcing me to face up to my own consent: a
predicament?
I fought back when he hurt me, instinctively pushing him away. ""Don't push me away,""
he instructed. ""Put your arms around me,"" and I did. But we moved around, and moved
again, so I had my arms back -- and again, I couldn't seem to control my instinctive
struggling.
And so he stopped for a moment, held my arms in place, and laid down the law. He
knows I very much prefer some kinds of pain over other kinds of pain, so he told me this:
""If you want the kind of pain you like, you have to let me in close."" Layer upon layer:
he's not just forcing me to take the pain; he's making me complicit. I think there were also
practical considerations, in that it was actually difficult for him to control how he hurt me
when I struggled a lot, but, still.... It was so hot it made me gasp.
I'm not sure, but I suspect that a few years ago, I might not have been able to handle that
level of complicitness: forcing me to acknowledge what I like. Back then, I was too
appalled by my own desires. Now, this level of complicitness adds another level of pain
-- emotional pain; mild pain that I can cope with -- which is awesome. But although
feeling complicit is a new tactic, it's part of an old game. It's merely another kind of
predicament.
Fundamentally, what's hot about predicament bondage isn't the mechanics of what my
partner says or does. It's not about the scenario or the equipment or the exact words. It's
knowing that he won't stop hurting me, no matter how I fight or beg or scream. It's
feeling that every moment, every action reinforces how much I'm in his power.
It's knowing there's no way out.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/01/07/storytime-predicament-bondage/
* * *
* * *
* * *
RELATIONSHIPS:
[theory] Relationship Tools: Monogamy, Polyamory, Competition, and
Jealousy
I wrote this in 2012, but it's the culmination of over a decade of thought. I came across
my first polyamory books when I was very young, and I remember that even though I was
inexperienced, I felt super frustrated by how most polyamorists discuss jealousy. They
were incredibly un-empathic about it; the advice always seemed to boil down to ""Get
over it,"" with a dollop of ""Stop being so selfish,"" and without any acknowledgment of
how painful and difficult jealousy can be for the person who's feeling it. But at the same
time, most monogamists aren't much better about this topic! Many monogamists
approach jealousy as something that requires no examination at all.
In this essay, I'm trying to come to a better understanding of all these dynamics. I also
seek to integrate them with BDSM theory, which I'm convinced has a much stronger
bearing on jealousy than most people will admit.
* * *
Relationship Tools: Monogamy, Polyamory, Competition, and Jealousy
Last year, I wrote a piece called ""In Praise of Monogamy."" I currently practice polyamory
in my relationships, but I spent years dating monogamously. I've noticed that when
people talk about monogamy, they usually either assume that it's the only way to go... or
they assume that it has to be thrown out the window entirely. I think that this either-or
approach is completely wrongheaded, so the goal of ""In Praise of Monogamy"" was to talk
about the advantages of monogamy in a more neutral, nuanced way. Different
relationship models are all tools in a toolbox, and some people are better with some tools
than others.
""In Praise of Monogamy"" was probably one of my most successful articles ever -- it was
republished at a ton of websites, including high-profile venues like The Guardian.
Simultaneously, the article got a lot of really mixed comments. Some people felt that I
wasn't praising monogamy enough; others felt that I wasn't praising non-monogamy
enough; there were lots of other frustrations too. My big takeaway was that these
conversations don't happen enough, most people aren't used to having them, and it's
really hard to know where it start.
Jealousy is one obvious starting point, because people always bring it up in conversations
about non-monogamy. I talked a little bit about jealousy in ""In Praise of Monogamy."" If
you've recently read that piece, then feel free to skip to the end of the following italicized
excerpt:
Some people experience jealousy more than, or less than, or differently from other
people. Plenty of people in non-monogamous relationships experience jealousy -- and
plenty of non-monogamous people handle it just fine, through open-hearted
communication.
But there are also plenty of people who appear to lack the ""jealousy chip.""
And then there are plenty of people who experience so much jealousy, who feel that
jealousy is such a big part of their emotional makeup, that the best way to manage it is
simply through monogamy.
Personally, I used to get a lot more jealous than I do now. I think I'm less likely to get
jealous these days partly because I've gotten better at finding low-drama men. Jealousy
has a reputation for being an irrational emotion, and sometimes it genuinely is an
unreasonable, cruel power-grab. But I think jealousy is often quite rational, and often
arises in response to a genuine emotional threat... or deliberate manipulation.
There's another reason, though... I've also noticed that some switch in my brain has
flipped, and I've started to eroticize jealousy. I occasionally find myself fantasizing about
men I care about sleeping with other women, and sometimes the fantasy is hot because I
feel mildly jealous. I cannot explain how this happened. It surprised me the first time it
happened, believe me. What's really fascinating is that I think the same part of me that
eroticizes jealousy, is the part that used to make me feel sick at the thought of my partner
sleeping with someone else. S&M masochism: the gift that never stops giving!
I think it's important to note here that I didn't become less jealous because I felt like I
""should,"" or because I was told not to be jealous. In fact, I had an early boyfriend who
acted like I was a hysterical bitch every time I got jealous... and he made things much
worse. With him, I just felt awful when I got jealous; I couldn't get past it. I felt like he
was judging me for something I couldn't help; I felt like my mind was fragmenting as I
tried to force myself to ""think better"" without any outside support; and worst of all, I felt
like I couldn't rely on him to respect my feelings.
It was the men who treated my emotions like they were reasonable and understandable
who decreased my jealousy. It's much harder to be jealous when your partner is saying,
""I totally understand,"" than it is when your partner is saying, ""What the hell is the matter
with you?"" Maybe that's what makes monogamy such an effective jealousy-management
tactic: monogamy can be like a great big sign or sticker or button you can give to your
partner that says, ""I respect your jealousy."" Which is not to say that monogamy is always
effective for this -- we all know that monogamous people get jealous all the time! (Which
only adds to my point that monogamy might be viewed as just one of many tactics, rather
than an answer, when jealousy is a problem.)
Now, back to the current article. Jealousy is an incredibly hot-button topic, so I'm
nervous about this, but let's focus in on it a little more.
* * *
The Feeling of Jealousy
Jealousy and its cousin, competition, are both things that happen a lot in relationships.
Some people are so uncomfortable acknowledging this that they repress those feelings, or
ignore the behavior that goes along with them... but I've rarely seen that end well. I
believe that some people lack jealousy and competitive urges, but I've also seen a lot of
people who feel those things but can't admit it. Not even to themselves.
I dated a guy last year who told me at the start of our relationship that he never got
jealous. At first I took him at his word, but I quickly noticed that he changed the subject
aggressively when I mentioned past lovers. We had a mutual friend with whom I had a
lot of chemistry; when the three of us were together, my boyfriend acted uncomfortable
and irritable, and when I specifically acted in ways that made it obvious I was with him --
like by giving him Public Displays of Affection in front of the other guy -- he relaxed.
I sighed internally when I observed this, and I felt frustrated, but wasn't sure how to talk
about it without sounding like I was calling him a liar. Fortunately, he brought it up later.
""I think I do get jealous sometimes, and I just don't like to think about it because it makes
me feel like a bad person,"" he said, one night while we were making dinner. In that
moment, my respect for him skyrocketed. It's hard for people to keep track of themselves
like that, and to shift their self-image when confronted with new evidence.
Some people seem to interpret their lovers' jealousy as a sign of love. Hey, I'll admit that
I've had moments of being flattered or pleased when my boyfriends show signs of
jealousy -- or when they act a little competitive. Sometimes those things are scary,
though... or threatening... or frustrating, like in my example above. It's complicated!
However, I often see those dynamics play out in ways that the participants won't admit,
no matter how much evidence comes up. I think it gets especially complicated when
people experience jealousy as a sexual thing, a turn-on. Most people have a hard enough
time discussing their sexuality in the first place. When you add an ingredient as
controversial as jealousy, the potential discussions become that much more combustible.
When I was researching pickup artists for my awesome book Confessions of a Pickup
Artist Chaser, I found a number of discussions in that community that praise competitive
feelings because they're seen as making the relationship more fun. A lot of these guys say
competition among different lovers within open relationships is awesome because it
keeps everyone a little uncertain, and encourages them to be ""on top of their game."" This
contrasts drastically with most polyamorous perspectives; in my experience, poly folks
see jealousy and competition as things that should be compartmentalized and managed
very carefully, rather than encouraged or exalted. For polyamory theorists, a feeling of
safety is often the goal, as opposed to a feeling of competition.
And emotional safety is certainly a concern, because jealousy is one of the most intense
and overwhelming emotions out there. It's such a hard feeling to sit with and work
through. My worst experiences of jealousy felt like I was choking, like I couldn't breathe,
like I was sick to my stomach, like I was terribly obsessed, like I couldn't think of
anything but the jealousy and how much it hurt. And yet... I've occasionally felt jealousy
that was weak, almost nice, where I felt a little twinge of it and turned to my lover and
got reassured... and that made me feel more safe, more cared for, more loved.
The bottom line is that people experience jealousy and competitive urges in many
different ways. It's important to acknowledge that and honor it. I don't see it as
productive to frame things like ""jealousy is bad,"" or ""competition is awesome."" I'd much
rather frame things like: ""Jealousy and competition happen sometimes, and how do
we deal with them when they come up so that everyone involved feels comfortable
and happy?""
* * *
The Toolkit
I firmly believe that the primary tools for dealing with jealousy and competitive
urges are honesty, good faith and respect. If you're feeling jealous, then take a deep
breath. (I'm pretty sure that most relationship drama could be avoided if more people took
deep breaths.) Hopefully, you're dating someone who you like and trust (if you're not,
what's the point?). Remind yourself that this person, who you like and trust, probably is
operating in good faith and isn't trying to hurt you. Respect that this person has their own
desires, which won't always overlap perfectly with your own. Don't assume that your
partner is obliged to do everything you want -- but do be honest about what's hurting you,
so you can work it out together.
And, in turn: if your partner is jealous, respect that emotion. Remind yourself that this
person, who you like and trust, probably is operating in good faith and isn't trying to
control you. Be honest about how your partner's jealousy makes you feel, and think about
ways to reassure your partner while protecting your own needs and boundaries.
The most stable relationship formation for dealing with jealousy and competitive urges
appears to be monogamy. To be sure, I think people have plenty of other reasons for
choosing monogamy. But the relationship tool that seems to work most thoroughly, and
most often, and for the most people, is simply... being monogamous.
There are many ways of approaching non-monogamy, but the one I'm most familiar with
is polyamory. A lot of polyamorists, though not all, organize their relationships into
hierarchies: they have one or more ""primary relationships,"" and then ""secondary
relationships"" and other relationships that don't make it to secondary level. Sometimes a
primary partner will have ""veto power"" -- i.e., if one partner wants to get a new partner,
then the primary partner can explicitly block that partner. This seems to help control a lot
of jealousy and competitive behavior.
Some poly folks say that they see hierarchies and veto power as ""blunt instruments,"" and
that they prefer to negotiate every interaction case-by-case. This sounds fine to me as
long as it works for them, of course. But I would offer this: I think that blunt instruments
are sometimes the most useful tool for a given project. And in fact, blunt instruments are
more often useful than finer-tuned instruments. The whole idea of finer-tuned
instruments is that they're useful for precise circumstances... but they're also harder to
use, and more fragile. Some people don't have the time or inclination to create a whole
new toolkit for every individual relationship. Some people will settle for a slightly less
precise, perfect relationship in exchange for a more stable one. Sometimes it's simply
easier to use a blunter, but more universally effective tool.
I will also add that I have seen plenty of polyamorous relationships in which there were
unspoken hierarchies, and unspoken veto power. This resulted in maneuvering that
struck me as both underhanded and unnecessary. I've always felt that it would be better
for everyone involved if those dynamics were put out on the surface.
Finally, for people who like jealousy and competition.... If S&M has taught me anything,
it's that it's quite possible to play with pain and power within a safe, loving framework.
The key is to compartmentalize the whole process and discuss it openly. If people are into
competitive relationships, then okay. If people like jealousy, then okay. But in that case,
they really ought to look for partners who share those tastes, and to find ways that they
can deal with them openly and honestly.
In S&M, there's a huge emphasis on careful communication tactics -- safewords are the
most famous example, but there are plenty of others. There's also a huge emphasis on
talking about the S&M encounter and processing it together afterwards; we call this
aftercare. If jealousy and competitiveness can be understood as consensual games of pain
and power, then I think people who want to play those games would do well to learn
about S&M communication tactics. If you're going to have fun making your partner feel
an emotion as intense as jealousy, then you might consider giving your partner a
safeword.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/05/01/relationship-tools-monogamy-polyamorycompetition-and-jealousy/
* * *
* * *
* * *
EVOLUTION:
[storytime] You Don't Always Know What You're Thinking
I wrote this in late 2010. I have mixed feelings about it now. I think I made important
points, but I will also say this: if you don't have a clue what's going on in your head and
don't even know where to start, then that can be a bad sign. I think that when people are
unhappy, or dealing with situations that are more than they can handle, they often settle
into a kind of mental ""fog"" so they don't have to think about it. (The feminist writer
Autumn Whitefield-Madrano has a great article describing how this happens in abusive
relationships; she calls it ""the fog of abuse."")
Yet at the same time, I do believe that we should consciously make space in ourselves for
new feelings to emerge, especially when we're pushing our limits. Self-awareness must
include allowing new feelings to emerge at their own pace.
* * *
You Don't Always Know What You're Thinking
In May 2010, I wrote a post called ""Am I Evolving Away From Monogamy?"" in which I
talked about my urge towards polyamory, and my confusion about that urge. I talked
about my previous dislike for polyamory, and I talked about how new it is for me to feel
like I want to be polyamorous. I talked quite a lot, really, but a week later, I started
feeling like I hadn't covered everything... or like I just wasn't correct about some things
I'd written.
But how could I be incorrect? I was, after all, writing about myself and my own feeings.
How could I be wrong about what I myself was thinking?
I guess I realized quickly that I'd claimed things about my past self that weren't quite true.
That didn't acknowledge my own complexity. For example, I wrote that although I've
toyed with polyamory in the past, my most recent poly leanings came up only because I
got my heart broken by a gentleman who I sometimes refer to as Mr. Inferno. I theorized
that perhaps I'm just scared of commitment. While it is certainly true that I'm not big on
commitment these days, I later recalled that actually -- at the beginning of my
relationship with Mr. Inferno, I had some doubts about being monogamous. I was
monogamous because he was very sure that was what he wanted, but I remember a point
when I thought about trying to negotiate something different.
Polyamorous people are stereotyped as being commitment-phobic. I know all about that
stereotype -- in fact, I have angrily defended my poly friends from it for years! (Even
when I was very fiercely monogamous, I got so mad when people who don't know
anything about polyamory said ignorant things about my poly friends!) Yet I have to
watch out for that stereotype's influence on me anyway. When I forgot that I'd considered
polyamory with Mr. Inferno, was I being influenced by that stereotype? Or was I just
missing Mr. Inferno a lot that day, and wishing I could talk to him, and maybe therefore
remembering him as more influential in my life than he actually was? Or... what?
I'm visiting my father right now; we went out to dinner the other night and talked about
relationships. I'm quite open about my parents about almost everything -- we don't talk
explicitly about our sex lives, but we do have detailed conversations about stuff like
polyamory. My dad is not at all attracted to polyamory, and we used to commiserate and
theorize about how we just didn't understand polyamory.
Now that I've decided to pursue poly, my dad is puzzled. ""I know this is weird,"" I said to
him during dinner, ""because we used to be on the exact same wavelength about this,"" and
he nodded. He asks questions, he tries to figure out where I'm coming from -- and they're
all questions that I have decent theoretical answers for. Answers include: ""Well, of course
it's possible to love more than one person at a time. Mothers can love multiple children,
kids can love multiple parents, friends can love each other, so why wouldn't it be possible
for people to have sexual and emotional relationships with multiple people?"" Or:
""Jealousy can be managed just fine, as long as partners are communicating well and
genuinely care about each others' feelings.""
In fact, some of my answers are the same theoretical answers that he and I discussed
back when we were both steadfastly monogamous. Except this time, I'm giving him those
answers from the other side; and yet he can't relate any better to them, this time around.
* * *
I have always spent a very large amount of time obsessively analyzing my own
emotions, and often writing about them. This has been true since childhood. However,
one analytical skill I can always improve is this: knowing when to say, ""I'm not sure how
I feel about that.""
Another important skill is staying on top of the stories I tell about myself, the ideas and
memes and images and narratives that I'm trying to match myself to. It seems impossible
to track all the influences on my psyche, all the different social and cultural and even
biological forces. Where am I under all the programming? It's worth trying to figure it out
(even if I'll never know for sure).
I don't always know what I'm thinking. I don't believe that anyone always knows what
they're thinking. It's important to acknowledge this, because when people don't
acknowledge it, they often simply decide to be something that doesn't quite match up
with what they want. Sometimes this works fine -- if the pattern a person chooses to
impose on her self can function, then who cares if it's a perfect match? (I mean, arguably,
people are always imposing unmatched patterns on our thoughts and selves.) But
although this sometimes works fine, there are plenty of times when it doesn't work fine.
Or really at all.
I have a section in my sexual communication workshop for maxims -- little slogan-like
things. I recently added a new one that I really like: ""You don't always know what you're
thinking.""
* * *
I've been practicing BDSM for a while, now, and it has been amazing. I've had a lot of
very intense sexual experiences and I feel incredibly confident about my sexuality. I feel
very far away from my younger self, who realized that she was into BDSM and
completely freaked out. However, I used to keep a very detailed (albeit sporadic)
personal journal, and this allows me to look into the head of 20-year-old Clarisse. Here's
something I wrote only a couple of weeks after I met Richard, my first serious BDSM
partner:
On the surface I have a hard time understanding why this has shocked me so much -- the
fact that I wanted him to hurt me, the fact that even as I was facing down my demons and
crying and incoherent I wanted him to keep biting me, scratching me, bruising me, and
God, it was bad, but even now I wish it had been far worse... on some level I want to
have been physically scarred. He stopped finally because I started saying ""no,"" and
couldn't formulate a coherent answer through my tears when he asked me if I was
serious. But, of course, although I was serious, I also didn't want him to stop. Of course.
Of course I wanted him to hear me saying no and keep going, to be protesting and
overridden. And the reason I couldn't formulate a coherent answer wasn't even that I
didn't know the answer was, ""Yes, keep going."" It was that I knew the answer was yes,
and when I faced it I started crying so hard I couldn't speak, and he... sensitively, I
guess... decided it was time to stop.
How cliche I am. (God, I'm sounding like some naive ingenue from a random de Sade
play or something, just discovering my sexuality or whatever.) How self-conscious. And
how humiliated and ashamed. Of all the things I think I expected from myself for this, if it
ever came true that this was what I wanted -- I never really actually expected to be
ashamed.
What I think is especially interesting about those paragraphs is that I felt a certain
recognition for my BDSM identity, I felt a certain inevitability about learning what I
needed. It made sense to me. ""Of course,"" I wrote, over and over. And at the same time I
acknowledged that I had considered BDSM before -- but that I hadn't really known what
that meant, and I'd had no idea how I would feel if I found it. I knew what I was thinking,
I knew what I had been thinking, and yet at the same time I didn't know. I had no idea. I
was completely confused.
I'm not so confused anymore. These days.... There are a lot of things I don't know, but
there are an awful lot of things I do know, too. I have gotten pretty good at knowing what
I want, even when it's hard to figure it out. And I have a very good sense of my
boundaries.
But I also keep trying to figure out how to expand them. This isn't just true with BDSM.
Arguably, my urge to go to Africa and put myself through extreme culture shock was
similar to the urge I feel to expand my head with BDSM. Some of the things I want to do
with my life and my body and my self seem almost opaque; totally irrational; a little
scary -- even to me. I love experiencing and analyzing emotions; experiencing and
analyzing personal connections -- I want to do more of that, even when there are
emotional risks. What's past that emotion? What's under my heart? How much can I feel
for another person, and in what ways can I manage that? Which part of my mind will
catch me if I end up going over the edge? Will anything?
* * *
And so, even though I have a good sense of my boundaries, I also occasionally have the
sense that anything could happen.
This is not always dramatic. Sometimes it is quite tame, like with my current
polyamorous leanings. When I was at dinner with my father, he gently expressed concern
about how being polyamorous might affect me emotionally. He wasn't trying to tell me
what to do -- just that he's having trouble understanding where I'm at. ""For me,"" he said,
""sexual relationships encourage emotional attachment,"" and talked about how he bonds
with one person at a time. He added, ""I simply find that if my relationship is truly
satisfying, I don't want more than one; I can't convince myself to be interested in more
than one partner.""
I used to feel the same way. Dad knows it, and I know it; we've said these things before.
It's not like I don't understand how he feels -- I totally do.
And there's no guarantee that, over the course of experimenting with polyamory, I won't
bond with a partner in a way that feels monogamous -- and then get hurt if they won't be
monogamous with me. I'm not convinced that I'll feel completely secure as I continue to
pursue polyamory. Recently I had one difficult morning that featured two simultaneous
breakups, and that was a bit much to deal with! In short, I'm not certain that polyamory is
my ideal. But I'm also no longer certain that it's not. And I'm really enjoying trying it out.
Here's the thing: I'm not sure what I'm thinking... but that's okay. I know I could end up
getting hurt... and that's okay. I could get my heart broken: that's what you risk when
you experiment with the alchemy of your own emotions, your hormones, your body, your
self. But I'm watching myself and being careful and communicating as clearly as I
possibly can, and it seems to be going fine. And if poly really doesn't work out for me, I
can go back to monogamy.
And hey, at least if I do get my heart broken, it's something else to analyze obsessively
and then write about! That's something to look forward to.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/12/13/slogan-you-dont-always-know-what-yourethinking/
* * *
* * *
* * *
ABUSE:
[theory] Thinking More Clearly About BDSM versus Abuse
I wrote this post in 2011. As I noted in the intro to ""The Alt Sex Anti-Abuse Dream
Team,"" other BDSMers have been writing about this more and more, and the discussion
is really heating up right now, in 2012. Thomas MacAulay Millar has a particularly good
series of posts on the topic, starting with:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2012/03/23/theres-a-war-on-part-1-troublesbeen-brewing/
* * *
Thinking More Clearly About BDSM versus Abuse
Years ago, when I first started thinking about BDSM and abuse, I -- like a lot of feminist
BDSMers -- was defensive.
We get scared of the accusation that ""BDSM is always abuse""... and we're accustomed to
accusations from certain feminists such as ""those of you who pretend to like BDSM just
have Patriarchy Stockholm Syndrome and don't know what you really want""... and often,
we're also fighting our own inner BDSM stigma demons. We get angry that our sexual
needs are seen as politically problematic, or unimportant.
And so, for a lot of people, our instinctive angle on abuse in the BDSM community is:
""Shut up! That's not what's going on!"" And that's a problem.
Obviously, I don't think BDSM is inherently abusive! Exploring my personal BDSM
desires has given me some extraordinary, consensual, transcendent experiences and
connections. I also genuinely believe that BDSM has the potential to control, subvert, and
manage power. BDSM can be a place where people learn to understand bad power
dynamics in past relationships; it can be a place where people learn to manage or
destroy bad power dynamics in their current relationships; it can be a place where
people find glory, self-knowledge and freedom by manipulating their own reactions
and responses to power. The sex theorist Pepper Mint has a great, complicated essay
about this called ""Towards a General Theory of BDSM and Power"". And here's one of
my favorite quotations on the matter, from a submissive and former blogger who went by
violetwhite:
It's ironic that the most perverse manipulations of power in my life occurred in a past
vanilla relationship, where I tolerated tyranny because the normative structure of our
relationship obscured the fact that that is what it was.
Still, I've seen things happen in the BDSM community that turned my stomach. Terrible
manipulative behavior exhibited by people who have the greatest reputations. Blaming
the victim when they try to speak up. Telling ""rumor mongers"" to shut up when people
are trying to talk openly about problematic community members. The BDSM subculture
has its own version of rape culture, where ""lying bitch"" and ""drama queen"" and
""miscommunication"" are used against abuse survivors. Miscommunications do happen...
but not everything that could be a miscommunication is actually a miscommunication.
Oh yes, rape culture can happen in BDSM just the same way it happens in the ""vanilla""
mainstream. And there are certainly people in my local community who I would never
get involved with, because I do not trust them.
Being defensive about BDSM and abuse won't help; yes, BDSM is stigmatized and
stereotyped, but the abuse is still a problem. So after I started blogging, I tried to move
past my defensiveness and write more concretely -- to write about what exactly the
BDSM community does to work against abuse. One of my first posts on BDSM and
abuse was called ""Evidence That The BDSM Community Does Not Enable Abuse."" It
highlighted anti-abuse initiatives within the BDSM community. As I learned more about
BDSM and abuse, and my perspective got more nuanced, I wrote a more expansive post
called ""The Alt Sex Anti-Abuse Dream Team."" It covered all the information I'd given in
the earlier post, and also talked about how I personally would structure an anti-abuse
initiative with alt-sex people in mind.
Looking back now, those posts still strike me as defensive. I was making good points, but
I also think that I didn't fully understand where some feminists are coming from when
they react negatively to BDSM. This past year, I've learned a lot more about abusive
gender-based violence, power, and control. And I've concluded that while BDSM is
obviously not equivalent to abuse, we need better theory to describe the difference
between BDSM and abuse, and we should try to avoid defensiveness while articulating
that theory.
I've written before that one thing I think people can do is try to ""start from a position of
strength, and seek strength afterwards."" The overall point of that maxim is that any given
BDSM activity can eventually make all parties feel more supported, more capable, more
powerful in the world. That's my ideal end goal; that is what I personally would aim for
with my BDSM practice. Perhaps I might do an intense BDSM scene that makes me
feel terrible in the moment -- or for a lot of moments... but I want to be sure it will
make me more supported, more capable, more powerful later.
That's an awfully vague maxim, though, and one that can be different for every person. I
may have found a more concrete focus in a 1984 anti-abuse concept -- the Power &
Control Wheel:
In 1984, staff at the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) began developing
curricula for groups for men who batter and victims of domestic violence. We wanted a
way to describe battering for victims, offenders, practitioners in the criminal justice
system and the general public. Over several months, we convened focus groups of women
who had been battered. We listened to heart-wrenching stories of violence, terror and
survival. After listening to these stories and asking questions, we documented the most
common abusive behaviors or tactics that were used against these women. The tactics
chosen for the wheel were those that were most universally experienced by battered
women.
In a BDSM context, a lot of the behaviors listed on the Power & Control Wheel could be
part of a consensual encounter -- violence, headgames, name-calling, all kinds of things
can be BDSM. But this part, this is important:
MINIMIZING, DENYING AND BLAMING:
* Making light of the abuse and not taking her concerns about it seriously.
* Saying the abuse didn't happen.
* Shifting responsibility for abusive behavior.
* Saying she caused it.
(The original wheel uses gendered language, but I'd like to note that although abuse is
most often perpetrated by men against women, abuse can happen in any kind of
relationship and to people of any gender.)
In the brilliant documentary Graphic Sexual Horror, which profiles a now-defunct
BDSM porn site, there's footage of a scene with a porn model named S4. The dominant
partner slaps S4 across the face, and S4 reacts angrily. She says something like, ""We
didn't talk about that in advance!"" The dominant doesn't apologize; he doesn't take her
seriously, and he doesn't talk to her carefully or work to calm her down. Instead, the
dominant partner snaps: ""We can't talk about everything in advance,"" and aggressively
demands to know whether she's ready to continue. This is an example of minimizing,
denying, and blaming.
I have some sympathy for his awkward position -- I've made small mistakes as a
dominant partner, too, and he's correct that it's impossible to talk about everything in
advance. But the way to deal with those mistakes is by apologizing sincerely and
making sure the mistake never happens again. For example, one of my exes really
hated being bitten on the lips, and at one point I bit him on the lower lip. And he called
me out, and I said, ""I'm sorry,"" and I put my arms around him to offer comfort; I said, ""I
won't do it again,"" and I didn't.
My experience of BDSM relationships is that it's best for there to be both communication
ahead of time -- and lots of discussion and processing afterwards. Both partners get to set
""hard limits"": things they absolutely don't want to do. If one partner has concerns, those
concerns get airtime. Both partners acknowledge a role in the proceedings, and blame
isn't spread around; even if something goes wrong, the discussion focuses on how to
prevent that from happening again rather than making accusations.
And if BDSM is happening, it must be possible to acknowledge it, even if it's subtle. For
example, I ran into a partner on the street the other day; he gave me a hug and held me in
place for a while, even though I tried to move away. This, my friends, is subtle BDSM.
Which was fine with me! But it was only okay because I knew I could call him out on it
later and be sure it was acknowledged!
And I did mention it later, and he did acknowledge it, and we both laughed and said it
was hot. And if I had told him not to do it, that would have been okay too. And the fact
that I knew I could talk about it, that I knew I could tell him not to do it and he'd
listen... meant that I also could have declined to mention it, and I would have felt
fine.
Something else worth acknowledging here is time boundaries. If a person is indeed
calling names, controlling what the other person does, etc, then it's often useful for it to
be communicated -- and also time-bounded. For example: ""You can only call me pathetic
during this sexual encounter. Otherwise, please don't.""
There are BDSM couples that get rid of time boundaries, and have ongoing BDSM
relationship situations; there are also BDSM couples that don't use safewords. I think
those relationships require a lot of understanding and care from all parties involved. I've
never gone without safewords, but sometimes I go without time-bounding, and when I
do, I make very sure that I can trust my partner and communicate well with him. (Thomas
MacAulay Millar calls safeword-free BDSM ""the advanced class."")
The same group that made the Power & Control Wheel has another useful wheel -- the
Equality Wheel. Here's the text of the wheel:
ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP:
* Making money decisions together.
* Making sure both partners benefit from financial arrangements.
NEGOTIATION AND FAIRNESS:
* Seeking mutually satisfying resolutions to conflict.
* Accepting changes.
* Being willing to compromise.
NON-THREATENING BEHAVIOR:
* Talking and acting so that she feels safe and comfortable expressing herself and doing
things.
RESPECT:
* Listening to her non-judgmentally.
* Being emotionally affirming and understanding.
* Valuing her opinions.
SHARED RESPONSIBILITY:
* Mutually agreeing on a fair distribution of work.
* Making family decisions together.
RESPONSIBLE PARENTING:
* Sharing parental responsibilities.
* Being a positive, nonviolent role model for the children.
HONESTY AND ACCOUNTABILITY:
* Accepting responsibility for self.
* Acknowledging past use of violence.
* Admitting being wrong.
* Communicating openly and truthfully.
TRUST AND SUPPORT:
* Supporting her goals in life.
* Respecting her right to her own feelings, friends, activities, and opinions.
All these things ought to be present in a BDSM relationship! Some people do heavy roleplay
situations where they have specific personas that they don't want to break out of...
and they still can make sure that all those elements are included. For example, they can
keep simultaneous journals about the relationship, and thereby keep up with each others'
feelings and consent without breaking out of their roles.
I also think that the list is especially useful in that it highlights places where nonconsensual
control is likely to happen... and therefore, places where BDSMers
should be especially careful. For example, failing to support a partner's life goals would
be okay in the middle of an intense BDSM encounter. But afterwards, it might be good to
give extra support, just because that can be such an important genuine danger spot.
Just like vanilla people, BDSMers have a lot of unspoken elements of our relationships.
For example -- the partner I mentioned earlier, who held me in place when I gave him a
hug on the street. We didn't negotiate that particular act ahead of time. But we have an
established relationship, and we've done similar things before; I knew that if I wanted to
talk about it -- or ask him not to do it -- then he'd listen. And, even more importantly, the
rest of our relationship lines up with the Equality Wheel.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/08/02/thinking-more-clearly-about-bdsm-versusabuse/
* * *
* * *
* * *
COMMUNICATION:
[theory] What Happens After An S&M Encounter ""Gone Wrong""
I wrote this in late 2011. At the time, I didn't mention another factor that makes it
important to talk about S&M screwups: we should do it because talking openly about
honest mistakes makes it harder for actual abusers to hide in the S&M community. As I
note at the end of this piece, sometimes a miscommunication is a real miscommunication,
but sometimes it's a ""miscommunication"" that's covering for abuse. The only way we can
learn to distinguish the two is to talk openly about our screwups. It's an intimidating
proposition; for one thing, many outsiders leap to label BDSM as ""all abuse, all the
time,"" and none of us wants to give those folks anything that they could use for
ammunition. But we have to start talking about this stuff more openly, because the
alternative is creating a community where it's much easier to get away with abuse.
In Thomas MacAulay Millar's epic series on abuse in the BDSM community, he's got a
whole post dedicated to the various types of miscommunications and
mythcommunications that can occur: http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2012/04/30/
theres-a-war-on-part-5-wallowing-in-the-sl-op/
Otherwise, I hope that this piece is a fairly complete treatment of this incredibly difficult
topic.
* * *
What Happens After An S&M Encounter ""Gone Wrong""
I've often thought that BDSMers should talk more about our ""failed encounters.""
Sometimes the best way to learn is through ""failure,"" or by looking at others' ""failures.""
But when a BDSM scene ""goes wrong,"" it's often highly personal for everyone
concerned. So it's really hard to talk about and really hard to write about -- both for the
dominant and submissive partners. This is just like any relationship, really. After all,
people rarely talk about their most embarrassing or awkward or otherwise difficult
""mistakes made"" during vanilla sex, right?
(I use phrases like ""failed encounter"" and ""gone wrong"" and ""mistakes"" with caution,
because I think these situations can often be viewed as learning experiences, and
therefore they are successful for a lot of purposes! But certainly in the moment they feel
like screwups, and a lot of the time they can make the whole relationship very difficult,
and I think that most people who have been through them feel as though some kind of
failure happened... whether it was a failure of understanding, communication, empathy,
caution, or something else.)
Much of the problem, I think, is that people have such a hard time communicating
after serious miscommunications and mistakes.
The following quotation is from Staci Newmahr's Playing At The Edge, an excellent
ethnography of the BDSM community. (I've changed a few jargon terms for the sake of
accessibility.)
Sophie had been engaged in a long and intimate S&M relationship with Carl, a friend
whom she deeply trusted. During the encounter she describes below, Carl changed his
approach, and Sophie subsequently felt that Carl was somehow not quite himself. Sophie
and Carl never quite recovered from the incident; though they remained friends and tried
to do S&M again, it was, according to Sophie, never the same.
Sophie says: ""He was very much a rope top. That was his big thing, was tying people up.
And he was excellent at tying people up. And our dynamic was always -- I mean, yes, he
would absolutely hurt me when the time came for that, but there was also always this
element -- even when he was hurting me, it was done in this incredibly, like, touchingly
caring way. And especially when he was tying me up, it was this soothing, wonderful
thing.""
Sophie continues, ""So one day... Carl starts an encounter with me. Carl had decided in
his head, from all the things that he's heard me say about how I play with another
partner, that that's what I really want from an interaction, in order for it to be the most
gratifying and valuable. So we proceeded to have an encounter where Carl was not Carl.
And I didn't stop it because it was so like, I couldn't understand what was going on. I
couldn't understand why it felt so horrible. And it wasn't that I didn't trust him, because I
trust him completely. [ ... ] I just couldn't figure out what the problem is, I felt horrible
through the whole thing. And he was so out of touch with me that he wasn't even aware of
how horrible I was feeling. The encounter went on for some time... and the second it was
over, I... was just, like, you know, traumatized. And he was like, 'Oh my God, what's
wrong?' [and] he carried me into the other room. I said something like, 'Where did my
Carly go?' and then he started to cry. [ ... ] He's like, 'I was trying to give you this
sadistic experience.'""
In Sophie's story, Carl's risk backfires.... The risks were unsuccessful; each ended up
emotionally distraught and distant. Ultimately, they sacrificed the relationship. (pages
179-180)
Man, that description is so intense. Let's talk about it.
The first thing worth noting about Sophie's story is that, while she probably had a
safeword, she didn't use it: she says that she ""didn't stop it."" Sometimes, in really
confusing S&M scenes, submissives have trouble using their safewords. This does not
mean safewords are worthless... but as Thomas MacAulay Millar put it when we wrote
about safewords, ""Tops can never be on cruise control."" Non-verbal signals matter, and if
an S&M partner -- top or bottom! -- starts reacting in an unusual way, it's great to check
in with them even if they haven't used their safeword. Safewords are a useful additional
way of communicating about sex, but they can't replace all communication.
Note also how hard the situation was on the top partner, not just the bottom. Carl ended
up crying afterwards!
Next, what I find myself wondering is whether Sophie and Carl could have
communicated past this incident. Sophie obviously trusted Carl, and presumably he
trusted her. Could they have talked it out and had a successful relationship afterwards? It
would have been hard, but maybe they could have done it.
I've (rarely) had similar experiences myself -- where boundaries were severely tested, and
afterwards it was difficult for both me and my partner to work through it. It can
absolutely have an immense impact on the relationship. I write about this a bit in
Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser; here's a quotation from a section in my book
where I'm talking to a dominant partner, with whom I just had such a difficult encounter:
Sometimes, these things happen. One partner pushes a boundary, breaks it; maybe the
boundary was unspoken; maybe the dominant misreads signals; maybe the submissive
didn't yet realize that the boundary was there. When it comes to S&M, these things can
be so dramatic... yet sometimes they're nobody's fault. We find these mental and
emotional blocks, and we call them landmines.
My partner didn't hit the landmine on purpose. He wasn't trying to push me as hard as he
did. And I didn't warn him off. So the important question becomes -- how does one deal
with such a situation afterwards?
... ""I'm sorry,"" he said. ""I'm really sorry. I never want to do that to you again.""
""It's okay,"" I said. ""These things happen. But please do be careful. But don't worry...."" I
trailed off, trying to find words.
It's so hard to know how to talk about this, especially with people who aren't used to
discussing S&M. When there's a fuckup, sometimes both sides feel betrayed. The
submissive might think: ""Maybe I didn't tell you exactly what to avoid, but sometimes it's
too much to think about, sometimes it's hard to understand in the moment, sometimes I
don't know ahead of time. Okay, so I pushed myself too hard, but I did it because I'm so
into you; I did it because, in that moment, I lost track of myself. And anyway, I thought
you could read me. I thought you understood me. I thought you knew. You've read me
perfectly well before; why not this time? Is it that you don't care?""
Whereas the dominant might think: ""Maybe I went too far, but I thought I could trust you
to stop me. I thought I could trust you to tell me. I don't want to harm you, I just want to
push you; I want to break down walls with you. I want to see your eyes go deep and soft.
It's not fair for me to feel like I fucked up, because you fucked up, too. I thought you
could take care of yourself. I thought you knew. You've communicated perfectly well
before; why not this time? Can I rely on you?""
That particular relationship didn't last, and I think that our most difficult encounter
probably affected our trust for each other through the end. Still, I can tell you how we
worked on it at the time -- and I can tell you that it felt really good. We just listened to
each other. And we both assumed that the other person had good intent. By the end of
talking it out -- which admittedly took a really long time; multiple days -- I trusted him
more than ever and I felt incredibly close to him.
I've been thinking a lot about classic feminist anti-abuse models, which describe how
abusers accomplish abuse. One of the tactics abusers consistently use is Minimizing,
Denying, and Blaming their partners. Abusers claim that the abuse didn't happen; they
claim it wasn't important; they blame their partners for what happened. A partner who is
willing to listen and change will respond openly to criticism and to mistakes: a nonabusive
partner will not minimize, deny, or blame.
And those three things are what my ex-partner did not do. He never claimed that our
difficult encounter didn't happen; he never put the blame on me; he never insisted that it
was no big deal. He didn't even come close to doing those things while we talked it
through. He took his emotions and dealt honestly with them, and I did my best to do the
same.
Also, in BDSM, we often talk about the concept of ""aftercare"": that is, what we say and
do after a BDSM scene to ground ourselves, bring ourselves back into the world, and
connect with our partners. It's important to give careful aftercare after any BDSM
encounter, but if the encounter has been particularly difficult, it's doubly important. I
have personally had good experiences leaving Super Intense Conversations like the one I
describe above until post-aftercare, when all partners have calmed down and dealt with
any immediate emotional responses.
I'm writing vaguely, so here are some concrete suggestions for things to say during the
conversation after a difficult BDSM encounter:
* ""I'm sorry.""
* ""I still like you and think you're a good person.""
* ""Do you want to talk about this now? If not now, then let's set a concrete time for later.""
* ""I'm feeling really vulnerable and confused right now.""
* ""Why do you think that happened? How were you reading me, and what were you
thinking as you responded to me?""
* ""How do we feel about this now that we've discussed it, and how can we keep it from
happening again?""
* ""What have we learned about landmines? Are there any particular words or actions that
are definitely off-limits from now on?""
I have one final super important caveat to add here: Not all ""screwups"" are actually
screwups. Some are just plain abuse. A human-shaped predator will use words like
""miscommunication"" and ""mistake"" to cover up what they do. This post is focused on
honest errors, but there are dishonest and evil people out there. In particular, if a person
""keeps screwing up""... that's a terribly bad sign. It is not an inherent part of BDSM to
feel roiled up and confused and alienated after a BDSM encounter; most BDSMers
feel more intimate and connected after successful encounters.
UPDATE, March 2012: I just found some notes that I took during a workshop about
BDSM edgeplay that was run by Mollena Williams in late December. (Edgeplay is a term
for BDSM activities that feel especially intense for the participants.) Mollena suggests
some questions to ask beforehand:
* Have I seen my partner do S&M before? What did they say or do that made me feel
good and comfortable? What did they say that made me have an intense reaction? -- Pass
this information on to the partner ahead of time.
* What does my gut feeling say about this person? -- If you have a bad gut feeling about
a person, listen to it! Especially for edgeplay.
Mollena also suggested that when BDSMers play at the edge, they ""make a contingency
plan"" ahead of time... not just for the participants, but for everyone watching, since such
activities often take place at dungeons. She noted that such a ""contingency plan"" might
contain:
* Honesty and thoroughness, of course
* Each partner giving each other explicit permission to safeword
* Each partner giving each other explicit permission for ""things to not be okay""
afterwards
* Having someone on hand that each partner can talk to afterwards -- not necessarily the
same person for everyone involved. This person could be an observer, or might know
everyone involved in the scene, or might be relatively separate from it all such as a kinkaware
therapist, but the really important thing is that this person can give emotional
support in every imaginable scenario.
Thanks, Mollena, for the workshop and the thoughts. I've never made such a contingency
plan myself, but I definitely think it's worth considering for people who are planning a
heavy scene.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/12/09/what-happens-after-an-sm-encounter-gonewrong/
I wrote this in 2012.
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[theory] Aftercare or Brainwashing?
* * *
Aftercare or Brainwashing?
Yes, it's another article about abuse and S&M, but I'm going to cover a lot more than that.
I'll talk about intimacy and bodily reactions and how these things build a relationship --
whether consensual or abusive. And I'll talk about how to deal with them, too.
Last year, I received an email from a woman who wanted to talk about sexual desire that
exists alongside real abuse. She has been abused, but she is sexually aroused by S&M,
and she struggles with boundaries a lot. She wrote to me:
Here's what destroys you: that some of us are designed to shut down and feel terror and
horror and arousal and shame all at the same time, to crumple before horrible people, to
feel aroused even as they genuinely destroy you. This is not in any one's best interest. It's
not hot, it's not awesome. And yet it's there.
The worst pain for some of us, that makes you want to scream and not exist and makes
you want to scream to the heavens that you want to die and escape being in your own
body is not that you are afraid he will come back. It's that you are aroused by the
possibility that he will. And other than destroying your very self, you can't stop it. It is the
cruelest of design flaws and the worst people understand it and the most compassionate
people don't.
However, the conclusion is not that some people want abuse. By definition, abuse is
something that destroys you, that leaves you feeling violated and harmed in a way you
don't want. And part of that mechanism, that involves the desire for the abuse to
continue, is that many of us are designed to want more intimacy once intimacy has been
initiated with a person. Many of us don't want to be left.
And the agony of feeling harmed by being left by someone you never wanted to be there
in the first place is confusing and can be debilitating.
No one wants to be harmed in this way. Among abuse survivor communities the arousal
involved in abuse situations is often called ""body betrayal,"" but this doesn't seem to
encompass how deep the desires can be for some people. At the root, the desires are
often the same desires that fit into normal healthy intimate relationships. To be loved, to
have an ongoing interaction, to be seen and understood at the root of all your emotion, to
be taken sexually and feel the pleasure of another enjoying your sexual arousal. But
these emotions have been exploited and manipulated for the gain of others.
For some number of people who have experienced abuse, the greatest split within the self
does not simply come from how horrific the acts themselves were but from the feelings of
desire and pleasure that can happen in human beings even during horrific unwanted
acts. For some of us, BDSM can be a safe way to explore unpacking some of this desire
and how these arousal patterns got mixed up with horrific things -- or were already
hooked up to horrific things and that pre-existing fact was exploited by a harmful person.
And for some of us, taking that out and playing with it may not be a necessary part of
recovery at all.
But simply knowing this -- the fact that your arousal and pleasure systems can be
activated by harmful people is ok -- it does not mean you want it, it does not mean that it
was good for you, or that anyone should have treated you in that way. That can be the
greatest healing in and of itself.
I want to thank her for allowing me to publish her words. Her description is so far from
how I usually discuss or experience S&M; and yet I see connections, too, and people
rarely discuss those connections.
* * *
Aftercare: Intimacy Within Positive and Consensual S&M
A while back, a study came out that established that a consenting, positive S&M
experience increases a couple's intimacy afterwards. I cite that study all the time, but I
still find its existence kinda absurd; I mean, they could have just asked us how it felt. On
the bright side, if S&M is being studied by Real Researchers, it's a sign that S&M is
becoming more widely accepted. Yet for all its hormone level measurements and mood
surveys, I didn't feel like the study got anywhere near the heart of S&M and how S&M
creates such extraordinary intimacy. Why would it? Studies are science, and aftercare is
art.
I've previously defined aftercare as ""a cool-down period after an S&M encounter, which
often involves reassurance and a discussion of how things went."" That's a decent quick
definition, but there's a lot more to it. Bodily violence sometimes creates a mental
malleability and vulnerability that can be used in good ways... but also in terrible ways. I
see aspects of this in competitive sports, especially the ones that involve fighting and
hurting other people very directly. (Have you ever seen that phenomenon where two guys
fight each other and then become Best Friends right afterwards?)
Being together with an S&M partner during aftercare can be used to free people, to make
them feel amazing and establish extraordinary intimacy. But it can hurt people too; it can
hurt them terribly.
Aftercare, like subspace, is one of the most mysterious parts of S&M. Like subspace, a
lot of S&Mers describe aftercare in nigh-mystical language. One excellent page of
aftercare advice begins by saying:
Aftercare is the last act of the SM drama. It is the culmination, the pulling together of all
loose ends, the finishing touches, the final communion between sharers of the SM ritual,
the phase where the participants formally give the fantasy scene a context in everyday
reality. Its technical purpose is to transition both players from the elevated states created
in a scene [i.e., an S&M encounter] back into normalcy, returning to the motor control
and awareness they will need to drive home once the scene is over. But as any good SM
practitioner will tell you, it's much more than that. It is the time after the action when the
participants come together in mutual affirmation that something special was created and
shared. It is when affection and closeness is offered and sought. It is, at very least, the
proper time to express thanks to the person who has shared this tiny segment of your life
with you. It can be, and often is, the most beautiful part of a scene, and it is part of the
scene. To skip it altogether is as rude as having dinner at a friend's house and then
bolting once you've eaten your fill.
Aftercare is not always extraordinary, the same way S&M isn't always extraordinary. Not
everyone wants or needs aftercare, although I've always felt that if you ""don't do
aftercare,"" that's something to warn your partner about ahead of time.
I guess from the outside, aftercare often looks like a combination of snuggling and
chatting and giggling -- sometimes, crying and/or comforting. From the inside, though,
aftercare can feel like... a shot of pure empathy. Blissful connection. Words like
""basking"" and ""glowing"" and ""transcending"" come to mind. As someone said to me when
I was first getting into S&M: ""Very few S&Mers actually enjoy giving or receiving pain.
What they like is where pain gets them.""
The Practicalities of S&M Intimacy
I believe that S&Mers should try very hard to put boundaries around our S&M
interactions; we should work to communicate carefully, and compartmentalize what we
do. Consent, and well-communicated boundaries, are the factors that separate S&M from
abuse. I talked about those boundaries in ""Thinking More Clearly About BDSM versus
Abuse,"" and I also talked about them in ""What Happens After an S&M Encounter 'Gone
Wrong.'"" I've written about S&M communication tactics that enable communication and
boundary-setting, from safewords to checklists to keeping simultaneous journals.
Aftercare is part of that boundary-setting process, but a lot of the time, people have a hard
time thinking or speaking clearly right after S&M. Some people become incredibly nonverbal,
or vague and confused, or giggly, or all of the above. For this reason, some people
include later follow-ups (like a next-day phone call) under the umbrella of ""aftercare"" --
the goal is to allow the post-S&M time to be calming and un-challenging, and then talk
things through when everyone's head is clearer. Processing things thoroughly after an
S&M encounter is really important, especially if the people involved are planning to do it
again. It's important for two reasons: it helps the people involved get a better sense of
what they want and don't want; and it helps them learn more about how to communicate
with their partners.
Recently, I was privileged to give a partner his first heavy S&M experience. Afterwards,
when he was coming out of it, he said to me: ""No one has ever touched me so deeply, so
fast before."" I lay with him, listening. I'm pretty sure I did a good job helping him pick up
the pieces, but when I try to figure out what I did, I have trouble describing it.
So I wouldn't know how to give a step-by-step ""how to"" for aftercare, but I can offer
some thoughts. For one thing, the person who was dominant during the encounter is
usually the person who runs the aftercare, too. When I'm in the dominant position, the
message I try to get across during aftercare is along these lines: ""I'm here, I'm listening, I
care about you, you're safe with me, and you can take all the time you need.""
In the submissive position, I'm often too busy processing to think carefully about what
message I'm getting across to my partner. But sometimes I do get the sense that he's
confused or anxious or needs some feedback, at which point I try to get across a message
along these lines: ""I care about you and I'm so grateful to you for taking on that power
just now. If you need to talk, we will do that when I'm more alert. But for now, let's
please just be here together and establish our closeness.""
And when I'm switching -- or when the power dynamic is otherwise unclear -- well. I
guess I try to get across a combination of those messages.
The Boundaries of S&M Intimacy
I used to be more willing to do S&M ""on the first date,"" when I barely knew my partner.
That's changed for two reasons. Firstly, I've become much warier of doing S&M without
a strong foundation to the relationship. I've been lucky, because my partners have treated
me so well, even the casual ones. (As more stories of S&M and abuse become public, I
realize more and more how lucky I've been.) But I don't ever want to be in a position
where I do intense S&M and I can't rely on my partner afterwards; and the best way to
build a reliable foundation is to spend lots of time together before we get into anything
deep.
Secondly, I've become more aware of how quickly S&M can affect me. It's entirely
possible to do excellent, intense S&M with someone I can't trust. And if that happens,
then boom: I'll be intensely bonded to him, yet unable to trust him. It's not a good place to
be. There are some kinds of S&M that feel light or even impersonal to me, but when I do
things that feel intense... the bond forms so fast, and it's so incredibly strong. I swear it's a
chemical thing. My body will crave him beyond words, even if my brain knows he's a
terrible idea.
I once heard about a woman who won't allow herself to have orgasms during casual sex,
because she knows the orgasm itself will bond her to her partner. I don't experience
orgasms that way. But when a partner really puts me under with S&M, pulls me in deep,
and then he gives me aftercare while I surface? That's where I fall in love.
I've heard of polyamorous S&M relationships in which the primary relationship disallows
S&M with non-primary partners. I can certainly understand wanting to reserve that for
the primary relationship. I've also heard of polyamorous S&M relationships in which the
partners can do S&M with outside partners... but won't allow aftercare with outside
partners. I can understand that even better.
* * *
Brainwashing: Intimacy Within Abuse
In late 2010, I cross-posted an article about an intense S&M experience to the blog
Feministe. In the article, I included these words:
There it was. I felt the tears building, gasps torn from my throat, I felt myself starting to
fall apart and reform: around him, around his guidance and force and demands. Almost
unable to think. Until finally he relented and said my name, and said softly, ""Come
back,"" and ran his hand reassuringly down my hair.
There it was: the reason I want it so much.
In response, a commenter named FormerWildChild wrote:
For some of us, the idea of being hit by another person makes us want to jump up and
run out of our skin. It seriously wigs us out. It is not a moral judgment; is a true phobia
for another person. It reminds me of when we were at the un-civilized end of Grand
Canyon with our children. All that stood between my kids and certain death was inches
of loosely packed sand. When we were done sightseeing, I discreetly walked behind the
van and threw up until I could breathe again.
I had that same terrified feeling when I read about your account of your last session. I
wanted to go wrap a blanket around you, hold you in my arms and feed you tea and
cookies until I can finally breathe again.
And my fear is not because I fail to really ""get"" what you experience. It comes from an
absolute recognition of what you describe.
I have experienced what you described at the end of your BDSM session, the breaking
and reforming of yourself around someone. I have felt exactly what you are talking
about, that feeling of finally letting go, of surrendering, and the other person sensing that
you are finally there, and then stopping. I have felt the sweetness of those moments of
post-thrashing closeness when tenderness seems to hover in the room. I know the feeling
of intense closeness which can follow the next day. The air is filled with a cathartic
cleanness, the experience of inflicting pain and of receiving pain has cleared the air
better than any southern thunderstorm. I can even imagine coming to crave that feeling
in the way that you describe.
But I experienced all of those feelings as a child. What you described is precisely what it
feels like when an abuser truly lets loose and keeps going until ""it"" breaks, until there is
that moment of catharsis for both the beaten and the person doing the beating. In my
experience, those relationships are like playing along the end of the Grand Canyon:
people fall in, and they die.
Now, I am willing to believe two things: one, it is possible that my mother and other
abusers are actually engaged in a form of BDSM rape when they beat the people that
they love. Just as sex is the overpowering and taking of something that should be
beautiful and intimate, so beating a loved one to catharsis might just be the same sort of
thing. Perhaps that is something that abuse experts should look at.
I am also willing to believe that you have an invisible fence as you play along the edge of
your own personal Grand Canyon. I am willing to believe that you know how to be there
without falling into the abyss. But if that is the case -- that it is safe for you out there, and
that I simply need to accept that. Then I will ask you to accept the fact that I will need to
go behind the van and toss my lunch.
At first I was frustrated by that comment, because all I could see was someone saying ""I
want to throw up when I read about your sexuality,"" and I was like: grrr. But now I look
at that comment, and I see such important points, points that are utterly crucial to the
developing language that distinguishes S&M from abuse.
I will say first that I have never personally survived that kind of abuse. But I have
received emails from people asking me to write about this, over and over, and I hope that
I can help those folks by offering my thoughts. I have also spoken to some abuse experts
who tell me that, behind closed doors, they do talk about this: they discuss how the
existence of real desire, real catharsis, and real intimacy within an abusive context can
look terrifyingly similar to descriptions of S&M encounters.
Rape survivors of all genders sometimes experience physical pleasure and even orgasm
while being assaulted. A paper about this was published in the 2004 Journal of Clinical
Forensic Medicine, and there are plenty of first-person accounts around the Internet.
Here's an explicit and tremendously saddening quotation from one of them:
I kept physically fighting him off and telling him that though I respected him as my pastor
and as a father figure I wanted him to stop. He pushed me, tore my clothes and raped me.
... The pain was incredible as they were very rough and forceful. After what seemed like
forever I blacked out. I remember the pastor shaking me hard and slapping me across the
face. He then shoved down my throat ten or so Excedrin (a medicinal mixture of pain
killer and caffeine) so that I would stay awake.
One of the most disturbing things that happened that night is that I had an orgasm.
Despite years of marriage, it was my first orgasm ever. It really confused me. I thought
some part of me must be mentally sick to have experienced the pleasure of an orgasm
during this horrific trauma.
Here's the thing about consent: orgasm is not consent. Physical pleasure is only the
body's reaction to certain types of stimulation. Also: sexual desire is not consent. And
love isn't consent, either. If I feel sexual desire for my partner, and my body feels good
when he touches me, and I love him, yet I make it clear that I don't want to have sex right
now... then he's still violating my consent if he has sex with me. (Obviously, if I want to
say ""no"" and mean ""yes,"" then it's my responsibility to negotiate that ahead of time and
set a safeword.)
In short: There can be pleasure, desire, and even love existing alongside real abuse.
But that doesn't mean it's not abuse. This is as true with S&M as it is with non-S&M
sex.
I once spoke to a person who referred to himself as an abuser, who told me that he'd read
descriptions of S&M aftercare, and that he saw his own tactics within them. He told me
when he thought about it, he had always considered it to be ""brainwashing.""
And I can see it. That's the scary part. I really can see it. I can believe that when we have
powerful S&M experiences, we tap into the same parts of our brains that could otherwise
be used for psychological manipulation and destruction. S&M shows us how to create
and utilize enormous mental vulnerability through violence... and vulnerability can
always be abused. In the literature exploring the cycle of abuse, people often write about
the ""reconciliation phase,"" in which the abuser is all sweetness and light to their victim; I
can't help but wonder how much of the ""reconciliation phase"" could be recognized as
non-consensual aftercare. How much of an abuser's power over their victim might come
from the mental malleability that cautious S&Mers learn to respect?
This does not mean that our bodies are broken. The woman whose words I published at
the top of this article called it ""the cruelest of design flaws and the worst people
understand it and the most compassionate people don't."" But we don't have to perceive
this as a flaw -- it's not a flaw any more than orgasms are a flaw. Some S&M instructors
compare S&M mental states to ""altered states,"" like being drunk; there's nothing wrong
with being drunk, but people should be careful with alcohol. Our bodies are instruments
with certain powers and vulnerabilities that we must respect.
This power and vulnerability is one of the biggest reasons I do the writing that I do.
Because although they're invisible, I do have a sense of the fences that FormerWildChild
talked about when she commented at Feministe: the fences that keep S&Mers from
falling into the Grand Canyon of abuse. Those invisible fences around the canyon are
constructed from self-awareness, self-esteem, respect, and consent.
Building Fences Around The Canyon
How do we build fences around the canyon? We build them by seeking to understand our
desires, and talk openly with our partners, and respect our partners' limits. So I write
about communication and self-examination and learning to value my boundaries... and I
hope it will help people learn what it means to play at the edge, rather than falling into
the canyon.
This is scary, loaded, complicated territory. I certainly don't have all the answers. But I
have ideas on how we might begin finding answers from here.
Firstly, S&Mers and feminists both need to be aware of this emotional and biological
phenomenon. It can create a sense of overwhelming intimacy with unexpected partners.
And it can be used as a tool by abusers who groom relationships that started consensually
into abusive relationships.
Secondly, we must keep talking about communication and boundary-setting. An
important part of this discussion is openly discussing what happens when wellintentioned
S&Mers screw up, and how we deal with that. Again, I wrote about that in
""What Happens After an S&M Encounter ""'Gone Wrong.'"" Thomas MacAulay Millar has
a great post that lists the mistakes that can happen within S&M. He mentions, for
example, that sometimes there are genuine physical ""technical"" errors; sometimes people
also hit ""landmines"" or unexpected psychological problems (I also covered landmines in
my post). Talking openly about screwups makes it harder for abusers to claim that they
""just screwed up.""
Thirdly, within our communities, we need to spread the word -- especially to people who
we believe might be inexperienced or vulnerable or otherwise in a position to have this
used against them.
* * *
After June 16, 2012, this can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/06/16/sm-aftercare-or-brainwashing
* * *
* * *
* * *
COMMUNICATION:
[theory] Feminist S&M Lessons From the Seduction Community
This was originally split into three parts and published in 2011 at GoodMenProject.com.
Obviously, it covers some territory that I also cover in Confessions of a Pickup Artist
Chaser, but the book is much chattier and has more fun anecdotes. Also, you should
totally buy the book. Okay, I'll stop advertising it now.
* * *
Feminist S&M Lessons From the Seduction Community
There is an enormous subculture devoted to teaching men how to seduce women. Within
the last half-decade or so, these underground ""pickup artists"" have burst into the popular
consciousness, aided by Neil Strauss's bestselling book The Game and VH1's hit reality
show The Pick-Up Artist.
Pickup artists -- also known as the ""seduction community"" -- exchange ideas in thousands
of online fora, using extensive in-group jargon. One pickup artist site lists ""over 715
terms, and counting."" There are pickup artist meetups, clubs, and subculture celebrities
all over the world. There are different ideological approaches and theoretical schools of
seduction. Well-known pickup artist ""gurus"" can make millions of dollars per year: they
may sell books; they may sell hours of ""coaching""; they may organize training
""bootcamps"" or conventions with pricy tickets; they may run companies full of
instructors trained in their methods. The community even generates its own well-thoughtout
internal critiques.
I am a sex-positive feminist lecturer and writer. I write primarily about my experiences
with sadomasochism, but I have a general interest in sexuality. I first encountered pickup
artists when smart ones started attending my educational events and commenting on my
blog.
Some aspects of pickup artistry are hugely problematic; many parts of the community
showcase and encourage misogyny. While exploring the PUA jungle, I observed things
that turned my stomach and brought tears to my eyes. On the other hand, I had to admit
that some pickup artist perspectives were very interesting. Some had fascinating insights
about gender theory and social power. I also felt drawn by their exploits. Learning
seduction, and watching hypothetically-dazzling Casanovas run a courtier-like game,
sounded like an extremely fun way to spend my time.
I started my journey by talking to a few pickup artists and reading their fora. By the end, I
had given a lecture at a seduction convention, and I had decided against developing my
own coaching business. Today, I can offer a quick synopsis of my own history, and why I
became so interested in PUAs. I will break down some elementary distinctions among the
men of the seduction community. Finally, I will offer a few PUA-influenced thoughts on
feminist goals.
* * *
I was an awkward little bookworm of a child, but at least I was creative. I liked to draw,
invent games, and run amateur social experiments. When I was in high school, most of
my friends were on the Internet; I did not date a real-life boyfriend until college. I was
inevitably teased by my peers, but even when treated well, I rarely engaged with the
social hierarchies around me. I had difficulty grasping how social mechanics were
""supposed"" to work. A lot of things seemed obvious to other people that were not obvious
to me.
For example, in sixth grade, a female friend of mine teased me about flirting with a boy.
""What was I doing?"" I asked. ""Come on, you were flirting!"" she responded. While I
thought I almost understood what she meant, I was unsure -- so I set out to poll everyone
I knew about what constitutes ""flirting."" Responses were inconsistent. One person said,
very definitely: ""Giggling."" Others cited examples such as ""intense looks"" or ""making
jokes.""
By the end of this experiment, I concluded that no one seemed able to explain ""flirting"" in
terms of consistent behaviors; there were few commonalities in my final list. From what I
could tell, flirting could only be explained in terms of invisible interpersonal dynamics. I
found this both entertaining and frustrating.
I sometimes wonder what would have become of me if the modern pickup artist
community had existed back then, and I had discovered it. PUAs devote a lot of time to
understanding seduction in terms of observed behaviors. They have terms for social
tactics that run the gamut from creating rapport, to encouraging trust, to building sexual
tension, to shifting social power. But although the purpose of these social tactics is to
manipulate emotion, the tactics are typically described as concretely as possible. Some
PUA coaches provide long memorized ""routines,"" but it is more common to talk about
particular social actions or broader strategies.
One famous PUA tactic is called the ""neg."" ""Neg"" stands for ""negative hit,"" and one site
defines a neg as ""a remark, sometimes humorous, used to point out a woman's flaws.""
Like many PUA terms, the deeper meanings and usage vary from PUA to PUA -- but
there is an especially dramatic range of meanings with ""neg.""
Some PUAs see negs as friendly teasing: a way for the PUA to show that he is paying
attention to the girl, without appearing needy or overeager. I can offer a cute example of
this approach from my own life. I was sitting in a cafe with a former PUA, and he gazed
deep into my eyes.
""Wait a minute,"" he said slowly. ""Are your glasses held together by epoxy? It looks like
you had to repair them at the corners.""
""Yeah,"" I admitted.
He grinned. ""Everything about you just screams 'starving artist,' doesn't it.""
This made me laugh for quite a while. I think it worked because he understood that I have
chosen (for now) to be a broke writer -- but he also recognized the tension I feel about
that choice. So this gentleman was demonstrating that he correctly discerned my
priorities; that he is not bothered by a choice that makes me feel self-conscious; and that
he is confident enough to tease me.
Also, at a moment when I thought he might compliment my eyes, the former PUA shook
up my expectations by breaking the romantic pattern. Often, effective flirting involves
offering the right mixture of confidence plus charming novelty plus paying attention.
Some PUAs see negs more strategically, as a way of passing a woman's ""tests"" or
breaching her indifference. They argue that this is necessary for women who are very
high-status, very beautiful, etc. They argue that some women develop a kind of immunity
to compliments, and that some women actively prefer feisty, faux-adversarial flirting.
Most PUAs only advocate using negs on women who meet a certain ""minimum"" level of
attractiveness, or who seem particularly feisty. Neil Strauss, a famous PUA and author of
the bestseller The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists, once wrote
that:
When you give a woman who's often hit on a generic compliment, she will usually either
ignore the remark or assume you're saying it because you want to sleep with her.
When you tease her and show her that you're unaffected by her beauty and demonstrate
that you're out of her league -- and THEN let her work to win you over and ultimately
REWARD her with your approval, she will leave that night feeling good about herself.
Like something special happened and she connected with somebody who appreciates her
for who she REALLY is.
In short, a neg will buy you the credibility you need to sincerely compliment her later.
That said, I don't necessarily advocate negs; they are in many ways a temporary patch to
stick onto your personality while you learn to possess real confidence and strength of
character.
Although this is a manipulative approach, it is not inevitably harmful. It also is not
limited to the sphere of sexual relationships; humans often pretend not to care what other
people think, and consistently attempt to be taken seriously by others. Additionally, for
many people, flirting involves a certain amount of strategic ambiguity and plausible
deniability, and negs are a useful tactic for that kind of game. Not everyone likes playing
such tacit and confusing games, but many people do.
However, this is all cute and mild compared to how some PUAs talk about negs: some
cite the neg specifically as a tactic to make the girl feel bad.
A well-known PUA who goes by the name of Tyler Durden once wrote that: ""You use
self-esteem negs to lower the target's self-esteem, and crave your attention to re-validate
herself."" Similarly, an especially pitiless PUA blogger who is sometimes described as
""the Darth Vader of PUAs"" writes that:
The best negs are those which are conceivably meant as compliments, but which linger in
her psyche for hours afterward, undermining her self-conception and encouraging her to
qualify herself to you [i.e. encouraging her to explain why she's worth your time].... [A
neg] infiltrates a girl's subconscious so that she spends more mental energy analyzing
her worth than she does analyzing yours.
One commenter adds to the above blogger's words that: ""So long as you have a woman
auditioning for you, power remains where it belongs -- squarely in your pocket.""
In other words, a person who feels anxious and unworthy will be easier to control. These
cruel PUAs have learned the same lesson as thousands of people in abusive relationships.
Here is an especially instructive quotation from the comments on ""Darth Vader's"" blog:
""[Women] really are insipid, vapid airheads. If it wasn't for the pussy, there would be a
bounty on them."" That statement is interesting not just because of its hatred but because
of its fear. After all, no one puts a bounty on targets that are not dangerous. The most
misogynist corners of the PUA subculture not only discuss ways to aggressively
manipulate women; they also paint women as selfish, deceitful and hazardous.
The various approaches to negging highlight both the different shadings of opinion across
the subculture, and a particularly important distinction among PUAs themselves. Some of
these men genuinely do enter pickup artistry out of a desire to connect to women. As one
PUA told me, ""When I first looked at PUA stuff, I was like, 'This is so sleazy and gross.'
But I'd never had a girlfriend, and I kept telling myself, 'Dude, you are lonely and
miserable and you don't want to die alone.'"" On the other hand, many PUAs become
PUAs because they want unilateral power and control over women -- and many PUAs
attempt to justify this through narratives and jokes that encourage fear and anger against
women.
* * *
Aside from the ""connection"" vs. ""control"" distinction, there is also a distinction between
PUAs who are seeking what is essentially self-help, and those who aren't.
The PUA concept that best illustrates this is ""inner game."" Inner game is, essentially,
genuine confidence and sense of purpose. It contrasts with ""outer game"" -- i.e., the things
a PUA says and does to attract women. A ""neg"" would count as ""outer game,"" for
example.
Most successful PUAs reach a point where they decide that, in the words of one coach:
emotionless ""sport-fucking kinda sucks."" (Some PUAs start at this point, but that is a bit
unusual.) They conclude that it's time to pull back from the game; to seek longer-term or
more emotionally connected sex; to examine their priorities; and to discover interests
aside from picking up new girls. Finding themselves in this way can be described as
""inner game."" The men who discuss inner game often talk about developing their own
businesses, exercising regularly, keeping a healthier diet, accepting their own
vulnerabilities, pursuing hobbies, and improving their connections with people of all
genders.
Most PUAs also realize that women respond well to genuine confidence and sense of
purpose. This could be seen as ironic: notwithstanding the fact that ""inner game""
emphasizes self-improvement, the concept is still centered on seducing women.
However, despite the fact that ""inner game"" is centered on gaming ladies, its ultimate
result is usually to encourage PUAs to think about what they really want from life. PUA
coach Mark Manson once wrote that, ""You don't end up in the Pick Up Artist community
unless you are incredibly unhappy or unsatisfied about something. It may be conscious, it
may be unconscious. It may be short-term, or it may be deep-seated and long-term."" He
later wrote to me by email that: ""This is a giant self-help community in disguise."" I also
once interviewed Neil Strauss himself, who said he hoped that his famous book The
Game could become ""the beginning of a men's self-help movement -- because self-help
isn't emasculating anymore if you're doing it to get laid.""
Interestingly, Neil Strauss also told me that he agreed with feminism in many ways, and
said things like: ""We still are a patriarchal society."" Many feminists felt that my interview
with him was full of problematic statements, and his words were picked apart by feminist
readers. I do not disagree with many feminist critiques of what Strauss said -- but
considering where Strauss was coming from, his words were extraordinarily supportive
of feminism. One feminist commented to me that, ""I don't understand why you're not
more critical of this guy."" In response, it is worth noting how an anti-feminist writer
responded to Strauss's words:
Whether Strauss is an ignorant fool or an opportunist liar who wants to appease
feminists in order to avoid negative feedback is anyone's guess, but if his words are
anything to go by, we can safely assume that the best-known public advocates of Game
are perfectly OK with parroting feminist dogma.
For the few, mild pro-feminist statements Strauss made, some PUAs deride him as either
an ""ignorant fool or an opportunist liar."" (Others hurled particularly misogynist insults
such as ""mangina."") This is both a demonstration of how vitriolic PUA anti-feminist
sentiment can become, and an example of the social shaming that sometimes leads men
in the PUA community to avoid associating themselves with anything resembling
feminist thought or woman-friendly perspectives.
Clearly, many men view pickup artistry as a kind of therapy. The community can be a
support group for self-confidence and self-improvement. Unfortunately, many corners of
the seduction community are also a support group for virulent misogyny. Some feminists
argue that any man who seeks self-help through the seduction community is effectively
embracing misogyny, because so much of the community is misogynist. However, some
PUA students could be interpreted as seeking self-help from the only avenue they see as
acceptable, if they are coming from a culture that usually defines self-help as unmasculine
or anti-masculine. Again, note that Neil Strauss said: ""self-help isn't
emasculating anymore if you're doing it to get laid.""
The most confusing thing about misogyny among PUAs is that although some moremisogynist
PUAs separate themselves consciously from non-misogynist PUAs, and vice
versa, the groups still overlap a great deal. Even PUA-influenced men who prioritize nonmisogyny,
and are willing to talk to a feminist writer like me, often seem to soak up
misogynist ideas from the rest of the subculture. At one point, I talked to one PUA I
thought was committed to being non-sexist... until he expounded quite seriously upon
how his favorite PUA blogger thinks the USA would be better off if women did not vote.
One goal of my book, Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser, is to draw clearer lines: to
give examples of PUAs and PUA approaches that seem more abusive or inclined towards
harm, as opposed to approaches that seem mostly playful, harmless or even positive.
* * *
Although I want to cry when I see statements like, ""If it wasn't for the pussy, there would
be a bounty on women,"" I try not to let it distract me from some insights emerging from
the seduction community. By focusing empirically and pragmatically on the process of
sexual escalation, PUAs are approaching gender norms in a way that many people --
including feminists -- usually do not. Also, I can relate to some PUAs because some
PUAs have the same history of social anxiety that I do.
I have another personal reason for feeling uncomfortable painting PUAs as ""the enemy.""
When feminists criticize how PUAs approach sexuality, I have mixed feelings, because I
myself am known for sexual desires that are unpopular with some feminists. As I grew
out of being an awkward little bookworm nerd, as I began dating and exploring my
sexual needs, I started to understand my sexuality as being heavily involved with BDSM.
Consensual BDSM is a heavily stigmatized type of sexuality, although some sexologists
have argued that it might be viewed as a sexual orientation. Many feminists marginalize
BDSM just as much as the rest of society does -- or more. Famous German feminist Alice
Schwarzer once said: ""Female masochism is collaboration,"" and a recent history of Ms.
Magazine quotes a co-founding editor who recalls that:
I threatened to leave over a manuscript by a woman who was a former editor of ours
who was writing about why she was a masochist and trying to make it an okay choice. I
would rather leave than work for a magazine that published that. And we didn't publish
it.
As a result, notwithstanding my considerable feminist writing and activism, I live in fear
of my ""feminist card"" being revoked because of my BDSM identity.
Yet, simultaneously, my practice of BDSM has greatly informed my feminist
understanding. Rape and consent are both very important feminist issues, and much of
the BDSM community obsessively examines sexual consent. The dominant BDSM
community ""mantra"" is ""SSC: Safe, Sane, and Consensual."" Some people debate whether
another ""mantra"" would be better, but I have never heard of someone removing the
""consensual"" part. Indeed, the ways many BDSMers think of sexual consent overlap
dramatically with the ways that many feminists think of it.
Safewords are a famous and high-profile example of careful BDSM communication
tactics. They are specific code words that any participant can use to stop the sexual action
at any time. Safewords are important in a context where one partner might want to
scream ""No!"" or ""Please don't!"" or ""Mercy!"" with no intention of actually stopping the
action.
Safewords serve another, stealthier, but equally important function: they bring home the
idea that consent is a continuously changing process. Consent is part of the ongoing
sexual negotiation that takes place between two people. Here, BDSM consent ideas
overlap heavily with feminist consent ideas. For example, one article by high-profile
feminist Jaclyn Friedman pushes back against dominant conceptions of consent by stating
that ""consent is not a lightswitch."" As Friedman writes:
Sexual consent isn't like a lightswitch, which can be either ""on,"" or ""off."" It's not like
there's this one thing called ""sex"" you can consent to anyhow. ""Sex"" is an evolving series
of actions and interactions. You have to have the enthusiastic consent of your partner for
all of them. And even if you have your partner's consent for a particular activity, you
have to be prepared for it to change.
Safewords are, effectively, a constant reminder that ""you have to be prepared for
[consent] to change.""
BDSMers and feminists tend to teach explicit, straightforward verbal sexual
communication -- in contrast to the seduction community, which typically teaches nonverbal
or playfully tacit sexual communication. For example, the seduction community
has an extensive array of discussions about how to initiate flirtatious touching, which
PUAs refer to as ""kino."" The seduction community also places a strong emphasis on
developing skill at reading a social situation without asking exactly what is going on; if a
PUA is good at understanding implicit social signals, he is described as ""calibrated.""
For BDSMers and feminists, the sexual consent territory continues to overlap after
safewords. Huge factions, if not majorities, within both groups have concluded that the
best way to encourage consent is not merely to encourage people to understand that they
can withdraw consent at any point -- but to encourage open communication and selfknowledge
about sex.
Among feminists, an example of this approach is Jaclyn Friedman's brand-new book
What You Really, Really Want: The Smart Girl's Shame-Free Guide to Sex and Safety.
Salon's Tracy Clark-Flory notes in an interview with Friedman that:
The book is filled with writing exercises that prompt readers to reflect on everything from
body image to sexual assault. It's essentially a guide to writing one's own personal sexual
manifesto.
Among BDSMers, an example of this approach is the multi-page checklists that some
BDSMers use. (I already wrote about this in my piece ""Sex Communication Tactic
Derived From S&M: Checklists,"" reprinted earlier in this book; just in case you haven't
read it, I'll briefly describe them.) Checklists are essentially lists of every conceivable
BDSM-related act; each act on the checklist looks something like this:
FLOGGING -- GIVING __________________ O O O O O
FLOGGING -- RECEIVING ______________ O O O O O
Each partner rates each entry by filling out 1-5 bubbles, with 1 darkened bubble meaning
""Not interested"" and 5 bubbles meaning ""I crave this!"" This type of explicit
communication is both an excellent way to help partners understand each other's desires
-- and to help partners understand each other's boundaries. In a way, this sort of thing
could be seen as ""Master Class"" consent communication.
This was the context whence I emerged when I started investigating pickup artistry. I am
a feminist, but I'm a flavor of feminist with a troubled history within the movement. I am
an advocate for explicit communication, but I believe that no aspect of consent should be
ignored, and I am concerned that many feminists and BDSMers give a certain
unwarranted privilege to explicit verbal communication over implicit or non-verbal
communication.
People seem likely to develop a preference for explicit communication if it seems more
necessary. For instance, many BDSMers develop a preference for explicit communication
because our desires are unusual and precise, and complicated words will help us get what
we want. Feminists develop the same preferences because explicit communication is the
clearest way to ensure sexual consent. Accordingly, some people attempt to promote
explicit sexual communication by saying: We should make it necessary.
Here's an example exchange from the comments on a thoughtful feminist BDSM blog. A
male commenter asks:
I once had an argument with a very good female friend of mine about kissing. She was
perturbed about a date who asked her if he could proceed to kiss her. She said the man
should just know. It should be instinctual and u lose the moment as soon as u ask. I said
that was bs, the first move is one of the most nerve wracking things, the very fact that he
asked shows his politeness and tact and frankly a lack of presumptuousness.... What do
you think? What's the line between politeness and passivity?
The feminist blogger, an intelligent and awesome lady who goes by the name Holly
Pervocracy, responds that:
I don't say this very often, but ""you lose the moment as soon as you ask"" girls really are
ruining it for the rest of us.
As far as I'm concerned, they can go without ever being kissed until they wise up.
However, I think (or would like to think? augh) that most girls are not like that, and that
you should not plan for girls to be like that. I'd definitely rather offend someone by
asking than offend them by not asking.
Holly implies that people who don't like explicit communication should effectively be
banned from kissing: she says, ""they can go without ever being kissed until they wise
up."" I have a certain cantankerous sympathy for this perspective, and I have said similar
things myself in the past. But my research into pickup artists made me wonder about
whether this perspective is tenable, given a world in which most people seem to enjoy
and engage in a great deal of tacit communication.
Speaking only for myself, I must admit that I like it when a man can read my unspoken
signals well enough that he can tell when to kiss me without asking aloud. Sometimes it
can be nice when a guy asks. But if he can read my tacit communication about kissing,
that is a signal that he can read a lot of my other tacit communication as well.
Furthermore, if many people really enjoy unspoken social games and strategic
uncertainty, then ""the game"" will never go away. Evidence that people enjoy those things
does not only include the pickup artist subculture -- romantic comedies and romance
novels consistently find a market, after all.
Additionally, part of improving sexual communication means learning more about
unspoken communication -- not just spoken communication. The pioneering social
economist Peter F. Drucker once said, ""The most important thing in communication is to
hear what isn't being said."" This maxim is no less true when it comes to sex than it is in
any other area of human endeavor. PUAs have spent years gathering information on tacit
sexual communication, so perhaps one feminist goal should be to try and understand what
they've learned, such as the characteristics of excellent social ""calibration.""
Some feminists and BDSMers exist who already think a lot about teaching implicit or
unspoken communication. On the feminist side, one webpage about sexual violence
features an image of a woman saying: ""I stopped kissing you back. I pushed your hand
away. I said I wanted to leave. It all meant 'NO'."" On the BDSM side, there is often an
expectation that BDSM partners will discuss their experience and reactions once they are
done doing BDSM with each other, so as to learn more about how to read each other's
tacit signals. However, I have never encountered a BDSM seminar on the topic of nonverbal
communication, though I've attended several on verbal communication.
My perspective on non-verbal communication is not without precedent among feminist
BDSMers, though my willingness to deal extensively with PUAs might be. Still, I believe
that non-verbal communication is not taught well, and that feminists and BDSMers in
particular do not spend enough time discussing its role in sexual interactions. Given that
both communities emphasize that consent and communication are crucially intertwined,
perhaps both communities might draw insight from some PUA conceptions of ""kino,""
""calibration"" and other ways of examining implicit communication.
I once started a thread about pickup artists on a major feminist blog, to which one
feminist responded: ""I'm getting so sick of these PUA threads.... So I'll just come out and
say it: PUAs rape women through coercion and manipulation. Full stop.""
There are a lot of things about pickup artistry that I really do not like. There were points
during my PUA adventures when I learned about incidents and strategies that blatantly
sound like rape. This is a huge can of worms, and I discussed it at great length in my
book. For now I will only note that there is an entire PUA area of inquiry called ""Last
Minute Resistance"" (or ""LMR""): that is, what happens when a woman resists having sex.
""Last Minute Resistance tactics"" (""LMR tactics"") are designed to convince a woman who
has expressed hesitance, distaste or discomfort to have sex anyway.
""The first two 'no's don't mean much, and should be expected,"" advises one PUA while
outlining LMR tactics. This is exactly the kind of thing that gives the community a bad
name. In fairness, some PUAs talk about trying to understand why a girl is
uncomfortable, and then addressing the root cause of her discomfort. For example, a PUA
might advise asking whether she is menstruating, and then reassuring her that he won't be
grossed out by having sex if she is. Some PUAs try to claim that most LMR tactics are
harmless and communicative, but this is a difficult claim to defend. I have always been
more impressed by the few PUAs who simply advocate respecting Last Minute
Resistance, such as David Shade:
Do not push against last minute resistance. You will be like all the other guys who
objectify women and do not respect her as a real person. And it will reek of desperation.
... In fact, move things along just slightly slower than she'd like it. Make her wait. It
builds that sexual tension, and it makes her think. When she is away from you, she is
going to think about it a lot.
Of course, while Shade is advising his clients to respect boundaries, he's advising them to
respect boundaries as a tactic for seducing the woman eventually. Another example of
this approach comes from Mark Manson, who appears more interested in respecting
women for the sake of respecting women, but whose main thrust is still seduction advice:
In [an LMR situation], there's always a fork in the road: you can do the typical freezeout/high-pressure
PUA bullshit to try to manipulate her or annoy her into giving up the
resistance. Or you can be honest about the situation and resign yourself to accepting the
fact that you may not have sex tonight.
Guys, listen. Always, always, always go with the second option. It may sound counterintuitive,
but you have to go with the second option. Not only because it's the right thing
to do. Not only because it's what any respectful human being should do. But because if
you make it clear that there is absolutely no pressure for her to sleep with you, if you
show her that you can be trusted and that you're OK with whatever she decides (and by
the way, you do need to be OK with whatever she decides), then she's going to become
ten times more comfortable with you, and therefore is actually more likely to WANT to
have sex with you.
PUA frameworks and tactics are often consent-friendly. Many ""LMR tactics"" encourage
pushiness or even outright non-consensual behavior, such as ignoring the woman when
she says, ""No."" Yet things I discussed in previous sections of this article – such as ""negs,""
and body-language ""kino"" tactics -- are clearly neutral: their usage is shaped mostly by
the goals of individual PUAs and the social context in which they occur. Discussions of
social ""calibration"" -- increasing one's capacity to read social situations -- as well as
""inner game"" and being attractive by improving oneself will generally be a positive good.
Indeed, it could be argued that no PUA tactics are inherently abusive, but some are more
obviously susceptible to being used badly... the same way a sword is more obviously
susceptible to evil usage than a table.
Previous feminist writers have usually preferred to complain about the seduction
community's misogyny rather than examining the community deeply. I have been more
interested to see whether I could understand and make use of the positive PUA theories.
Understanding the ""Darth Vader"" types might be useful, too. There is a percentage of
PUAs who are non-consensually hurting women, and if we learn how those men do it, we
might also figure out how to disarm them.
I must acknowledge that I eventually felt that the community was damaging, poisonous,
and unhealthy for me -- to the extent that I needed to get out and detox. (PUA detox is a
recognized phenomenon even among some PUAs... and former PUAs.) However, there
are truths within it that are both intriguing and important.
I have never quite erased my fear of having my ""feminist card"" revoked, although it is not
clear how ""feminists"" -- a fractious group if ever there was one -- could withdraw my
presence in the movement. There is no Central Standards Bureau for feminists. Perhaps
inevitably, the feminist reaction to Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser was quite
mixed... although some other feminists appear to agree that there are important and
interesting things to learn from PUAs about gender, culture, and feminist consent models.
An overall lesson here might be that thinkers with a lot in common are increasingly
isolated from each other through the accelerating Balkanization of detailed, insular,
interest-based subcultures. Like the drive towards interdisciplinary research in academia,
perhaps a kind of interdisciplinary subcultural approach is being developed by those of us
more interested in building bridges than burning them.
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/02/27/feminist-sm-lessons-from-the-seductioncommunity/
* * *
* * *
* * *
S&M:
[storytime] The Strange Binary of Dominance and Submission
I wrote this in early 2012, and it was originally published at RoleReboot.org. If I had to
summarize my relationship with this gentleman today, then ironically enough, I'd say that
""it got complicated and I'm pretty sure it's over now."" I still like this piece, though.
* * *
The Strange Binary of Dominance and Submission
It's been a while since I felt simultaneously very into someone, and very sure about him.
It's a strange feeling. I've been playing with theories about how ""flirtation is basically an
exercise in strategic ambiguity"" and ""insecurity is an integral part of romantic
intoxication"" and ""uncertainty is an emotional amplifier,"" and I do think that those ideas
are true in many ways. But I got so wrapped up in theory that I forgot how it feels to be
way into someone... and only a little bit scared.
* * *
I met Mica at a Saturday night party. When I left the next morning, he said he wanted to
see me again as soon as possible. ""Monday?"" he asked. ""Tuesday?""
""Monday,"" I said. ""Tomorrow.""
He's a smart, creative thinker. There are layers to him, and he practically shines: so why
not name him for the mineral Mica? I would love talking to him for those reasons alone.
But there's also a kind of certainty to him; a calm presence; an extraordinary quality of
attention. Once he's focused on a partner, there's a rhythm behind everything he does.
He's so precise that when I'm kissing him, I feel like an awkward puppy.
I observed this very quickly, and something else: that the quality of his attention -- often
overtook him. Controlled him. In a sexual interaction, it's difficult to distract him from
catering to me. And since he's excellent at reading my desires, I usually don't want to
distract him.
It made me think of what I was like, years ago, before I understood my submissive
tendencies. Mica hadn't done much explicit S&M before, and when he'd done it, he was
dominant. I didn't want to project too much, or make any assumptions about him... but I
couldn't help noticing.
The second night I was with him, I asked him to inflict light pain on me. Very light. I
didn't want to go further with him, yet. But his instincts for delivering pain and watching
my reactions were, as I suspected, beautifully calibrated.
The third night I was with him, he touched my face and kissed me. I felt my eyelashes
flutter and my body melt, and he smiled. Then he said, ""I'm feeling really gentle tonight. I
don't know how much I'm up for.""
He doesn't want S&M right now, I thought. Sometimes guys date me and get anxious that
I'll be disappointed when they don't want to do S&M. This is understandable, given that
I'm an S&M writer. But I hate that, because the last thing I want is for one of my partners
to feel obligated... and besides, even I don't want all-S&M-all-the-time. I smiled directly
into Mica's eyes and told him I was fine with it.
In bed, I watched him. Watched his extraordinary attentiveness. Eventually we got to a
point where I was leaning over him, kissing him. I watched him give up his body to the
kiss. He doesn't want S&M right now, I thought... except that his main experience with
S&M, so far, is being in charge.
""Do you trust me?"" I asked him.
""Yes,"" he said. ""Absolutely.""
I clenched my nails into Mica's side, and his back arched. It was the clearest invitation I'd
seen from him and, I suspected, the clearest invitation he knew how to give. If he even
knew that he was giving it. It can take a lot of time and experience for a submissive to
learn what they want well enough to give good feedback for it. It's one of those
submissive skills that people don't think about enough, because for some reason we're
always too busy teaching dominant skills.
I kissed Mica again, and tore into his back.
He was ready for it. His breathing fast became irregular; he gasped; he shook in my
hands. After a while, I pulled back and simply observed the intensity flooding through
him. His body undulated like a wave.
""I knew you were dangerous,"" he breathed. ""In exactly the way that I want.""
""Dangerous,"" I repeated. I hesitated. ""What do you mean?"" His eyelashes flickered, and I
saw that he was too far under to answer me. He probably barely knew what he was
saying. (In S&M, we call this state of mind subspace.)
I pushed him a little farther. I only used my nails, but you can do a lot with your nails. I
said his name, over and over. He struggled, he fought his own body. I observed the
struggle and saw myself in it. ""I know,"" I told him.
Eventually Mica said, quite seriously, that he wanted to stop. I was certain that he could
take more. A lot more. I might have been able to convince him to continue, and had him
thank me for it later. But he needs to know that I'll respect him when he says to stop.
Also, in a somewhat self-interested way, I don't want to set a precedent where his
boundaries are entirely nonverbal; where his limits depend on my capacity to see through
him. Maybe someday, when we know each other really well. Right now, it would make it
too easy to seriously harm him... and for him to hate me afterwards.
So I stopped.
""No one has ever touched me so deeply, so fast before,"" Mica said, later. And, later later:
""This changes everything."" I lay still, kept my arms around him, listening. ""That was
total catharsis,"" he said. ""I mean --"" a note of doubt crept into his voice. ""Do you actually
like doing that?""
""Yes,"" I said. I said it fast and hard, because he needs to believe it. I understood why he
was asking: I've been there. When I was first getting into S&M, the first time I felt that
way, I had a hard time believing that my partner actually liked doing that for me. It felt so
incredible. It felt like I couldn't possibly be giving back as much as I received.
Sometimes, I still feel that insecurity.
""I'm glad you like it,"" Mica said. I felt his body relax next to mine. ""Because I'm going to
want that again.""
""I know,"" I said softly.
I tried not to be afraid. Not only because I like him so much, and it's easy to be afraid.
But because someone like Mica, who wants so much to give, can be seriously damaged
by a partner who isn't careful to offer him space to be exactly who he is.
And, most of all, because S&M is a complex and fickle mistress. Because I knew that if
Mica expected me to be able to do that regularly, he was bound to be disappointed. His
tendencies are there, and I can learn them, but this one ""total catharsis"" depended on a
confluence of factors: there had been something close to his surface, something he'd
practically begged me to pull out, and it had been his first time.
Plus, S&M also depends on self-maintenance and reasonable expectations and respecting
our own failures. An S&M relationship will be much less stable if the people involved
can't accept imperfection.
I was scared, scared, scared that Mica believed me to be more amazing than I could ever
possibly be.
* * *
The next day, Mica was thrilled by his scratches, and showed them off to me. I was
pleased by how he eroticized the marks -- I do that, too -- but I also felt a moment of
piercing guilt. ""I'm sorry,"" I said. ""I should have been more careful, before leaving marks
like that. I should have asked.""
Mica met my eyes directly, insistently. ""No,"" he said. ""Don't be sorry. Last night was
amazing. You knew exactly where I needed to go.""
I pushed back my fear -- he expects too much of me -- and answered quietly. I ended by
telling him, ""S&M can't be that, all the time."" He nodded. I hoped he was listening.
Fortunately, he was. The next time we did it, Mica was slightly disappointed that it wasn't
mind-blowing -- as I knew he would be. But he dealt with it. He articulated the
disappointment to me, and he remembered that I'd warned him, and he said that he was
prepared to take things as they came. And then, lying on his side next to me, watching
me, he asked: ""Do you want pain?""
I felt my eyes widen. I felt a spike of fear. I was already so into him. I knew that if I
allowed him to get me to subspace, there'd be no going back.
""Yes,"" I said.
And again, that attention. In a way, sometimes, Mica's attentiveness can be strangely
inconvenient. He's almost over-attuned to my desires. Even when I tell him to close his
eyes, he can't lose himself that way; he can't make himself keep them closed. The quality
of his attention is, however, quite remarkable when he hurts me.
""This is where you could take me apart,"" I said afterwards, as I surfaced out of that
terrible vulnerability.
Mica looked at me, rested his head on me. ""I just want to take care of you,"" he said.
* * *
When I was younger, it took me a while to get around to taking the dominant role. And
there's still something I can reach when I'm being submissive and masochistic that I've
never reached when I'm dominant. Still, I think of myself as a confirmed switch now:
someone who can take either the submissive or dominant role. Yet it's such a strange
binary, isn't it? If he rips me apart and then says, ""I just want to take care of you,"" then
which of us is in charge?
Mica told me recently that, ""When you're hurting me, my favorite thing you say is 'I
know.' Because you do know. You know exactly what it's like.""
By now I'm barely scared. It hasn't been that long, and I'm trying to allow for New
Relationship Energy. I know this could still go up in smoke. But we've talked about
expectations, and we've talked through what we're both looking for, and we're both
thinking of each other in a long-term way.
If I had to point to events that ""proved"" Mica has serious potential, two things would top
the list. First, in the aftermath of his first incredible S&M experience, when he dealt with
the disappointment of realizing that S&M can't always be that -- dealt with it quietly,
sensibly, without drama, by talking to me. And second, when he said, in defiance of most
aggressive stereotypical dominant roles: ""I just want to take care of you.""
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/02/10/storytime-the-strange-binary-of-dominanceand-submission/
* * *
* * *
* * *
FEMINISM:
[storytime] My Mom's Rape Story, and A Confused Relationship With
Feminism
I wrote this in 2012, for Mother's Day. It was originally published at the girl-power site
OffOurChests.com.
* * *
My Mom's Rape Story, and A Confused Relationship With Feminism
My mother is a rape survivor. In 1970, when she was in her twenties, she came home
alone one day with the groceries. As she was opening the door, a man came up behind
her and forced her into the apartment, where he violently assaulted her. For years
afterwards, my mother had Rape Trauma Syndrome -- a type of Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder that affects rape survivors -- but neither RTS nor PTSD had yet been identified,
and psychiatrists didn't know what to do with her.
Later in the decade, my mother dumped one of her boyfriends. He then came to her
apartment one night, broke in, and raped her. As he got in bed, she was in the middle of a
flashback. She cried and said ""No,"" and he had sex with her anyway. When she tried to
tell him later that what he'd done was unacceptable, he informed her that because she'd
pursued him during their relationship -- because she was the one who originally asked
him out -- a rape case would never stand up in court.
My mother met my dad many years after these incidents. Mom first told me that she'd
been raped in my late teens, because she was considering telling her story to our church
congregation, and she wanted me to know before she did that. The full stories came out
during intermittent conversations in my twenties. I love both my parents with the fire of a
thousand suns, and let me tell you, I've spent an unreasonable amount of time fantasizing
about murdering the men who attacked my mother. I doubt I could find the first guy, but I
could probably find the second, and in my early twenties I often imagined shooting him
in the head. (Don't worry, Mom, I don't think about that anymore.)
Within the last few years, I started thinking about asking Mom's permission to write
about her experiences and my reaction to them. I always shelved the idea because I felt
that it wasn't my story to tell. Last year, the topic came up in conversation, and I finally
asked permission; she said yes immediately. I double-checked her consent twice this
year, and she said yes both times. Still, I was hesitant, and I only got around to it now --
for Mother's Day. I also asked her to review this piece, and to feel free to veto anything
within it.
I am doing my best not to co-opt or appropriate my mother's story. But her story and her
life have shaped mine, intimately -- including my views on gender issues, and my course
as a feminist activist and writer. A few years ago, a widely-read Harper's article by
established feminist Susan Faludi asserted that the relationship between younger
feminists and older feminists is like a battle between girls and our moms. I read the
article with interest, but also with a sense of displacement. As a teenager I fought with
my mom all the time, but she and I rarely argue anymore, and we never argue about
issues of feminism or sexuality at all. If ""young"" feminism is about rebelling against our
mothers, then I missed that boat completely.
In fairness, my mom's not easy to rebel against. When I was 15, I asked her what she'd do
if I ran off with a Hell's Angel. She laughed. ""I'd probably be jealous,"" she said.
* * *
I started blogging in 2008 because I wanted to write about sexuality, particularly S&M.
However, I identified myself as a feminist from the start, because I wanted to make it
obvious that S&M and feminism are not mutually exclusive. The conflicts of feminism
and S&M have been a major theme throughout the Feminist Sex Wars. I tend to repeat
myself when I write about this, so I'll just mention my favorite quotation on the matter; it
comes from the German radical feminist Alice Schwarzer, who said, ""Female masochism
is collaboration!""
When I came out of the closet to my mom, I had been freaking out about my S&M
identity for a while -- but quietly. I told my parents about my sexuality because I wanted
to go into therapy, but I wanted a Kink Aware therapist who wouldn't shame me for my
S&M preferences. The specific therapist I preferred was out-of-network for my health
insurance, which meant I needed help paying for it. My dad was cool with it, but he didn't
say much. My mother paused when I told her... and then she explained that S&M is part
of her sexuality, too.
I was shocked. I was also incredibly relieved. If my brilliant, independent mother was
into S&M, then suddenly I felt much more okay about being into it myself. It turned out
that she had explored S&M late in life -- and she went through the same anxiety about
feminism and S&M that I'd felt. ""You're not giving up your liberation,"" she told me.
Mom also acknowledged the stereotype that S&M arises from abusive experiences. ""I
once worried that being raped made me into S&M,"" she said. ""But I remember having
S&M feelings in my childhood and early teens, long before I was raped. I was like this all
along."" When she said that, I caught my breath in recognition.
This is another topic I often repeat myself about, but that's because it's important. As it
happens, the biggest and best-designed study on S&M found that there is no correlation
between abusive experiences and being into S&M. There's also plenty of anecdotal
evidence within the S&M community that a lot of S&Mers, though not all, feel our S&M
identities to be innate (sometimes described as an ""orientation""). This is not to say that
there's anything wrong with understanding or processing abuse through consensual S&M.
The psychologist Peggy Kleinplatz once published a scholarly article called ""Learning
From Extraordinary Lovers: Lessons From The Edge,"" which discusses how therapists
can help their clients by studying alternative sexualities. Kleinplatz included a case study
of a couple whose S&M experiences helped them process their histories of abuse.
However, abusive experiences should not be seen as the usual ""creator"" of S&M desires.
(For more on this, check out my article on S&M and the psychiatric establishment.)
The stereotype that S&M ""comes from"" abuse is another reason I worried about writing
this article. Basically, this is a prettily-wrapped gift to Internet commentators who enjoy
writing posts or hate mail about how fucked up I am, or about how dysfunctional S&M
is. I guess there's no help for that.
* * *
""I'm fascinated that you've adopted feminism so thoroughly,"" my mother told me once. ""I
never felt like I was into feminism like you are.""
""What?"" I said. ""Are you serious?""
""Well, feminism shaped my life,"" she said. ""I really had my consciousness raised by
some of my experiences. Not just being raped, but by other things, like seeing the anger
and resentment among my mother and her sisters. Feminism helped me understand how
women compete and put each other down because we're put in that position by men who
have power over us. Sometimes, we're like animals who have been starved into fighting
for scraps.
""But,"" my mother continued, ""I've never been sure about calling myself a feminist. There
have always been a lot of feminist areas I didn't feel welcome. Your dad was a card-
carrying member of the National Organization for Women when I met him, and I refused
to join. We used to joke about it. And you remember that recent article about the history
of Ms. Magazine you emailed me? In the article, Gloria Steinem says that anyone could
have walked into the Ms. office in the 1970s and gotten a job. But I certainly never felt
like I could do that. I was actually living in New York when Ms. started, and I was even
working in publishing... but I grew up on a farm in the midwest, and I wasn't like the
women who ran Ms. They felt like a club.""
My upbringing has not been like my mother's. I grew up with a lot more privilege; my
mother used to call me a spoiled ""princess"" when she was angry, and one of my exboyfriends
used to tease me by calling me ""East Coast Intellectual."" Yet in a lot of ways,
it took me a while to get into feminism, too. Gender issues have always been a strand of
my thinking, but plenty of feminist discourse never impressed me. In university, I felt
like everything I heard from feminism was a tortured conspiracy theory. And although I
identified as ""feminist"" from the very beginning of blogging, it was out of a sense of
resistance rather than feeling included. I felt like: Goddamnit, I will show you that I can
be an independent and rational woman who values voting and abortion rights and equal
opportunity and consent -- and be into S&M at the same damn time.
As I kept writing, I was looking at other blogs about gender and sexuality, too. The ones
whose analysis really spoke to me were usually feminist blogs. And those were also,
often, the bloggers who noticed me in return. My work was highlighted by a number of
feminist writers who wanted to raise my profile. Talking to them, I began to understand
some sophisticated critiques that I'd previously labeled ""conspiracy theories."" I expanded
my understanding of topics like rape culture, as well as ""tangential"" social justice issues
like race and class. My mother said to me, long afterwards: ""Feminism really reached out
and grabbed you, didn't it.""
In 2011, I heard from a feminist friend about organizations that train volunteer advocates
for rape survivors. In Chicago and many other cities, when people who have been raped
go to the emergency room, the hospital will ask if they want an advocate. The advocate's
role is to provide immediate crisis counseling and to help the survivor deal with
complexities of the medical and legal system. The minute I heard about advocacy, I knew
I wanted to do it.
In 1970, my mother didn't have an advocate, for the simple reason that advocates did not
yet exist. Rape Trauma Syndrome was first recognized by feminists in the 1970s, and
assault advocacy was developed by feminists during that time as well.
I told Mom all about the advocacy curriculum while I was completing it, and she drank
up every detail. ""I never got support like that,"" she said. ""My boyfriend insisted that we
go to the emergency room, and I guess he tried to advocate for me, but the doctors and
nurses ignored me for 20 hours and then sent me home. It was worse that the nurses did.
If sisterhood was powerful, then couldn't they reach out to me somehow?"" (Rape
survivors -- at least in Illinois -- are now prioritized in emergency rooms, second only to
life-and-death situations.)
Mom often regales me with tales about how things used to be. For example, when she
became editor of her college newspaper in the 1960s, all the dudes on staff quit because
they wouldn't work under a woman. (Some returned later, rather sheepishly.) Other
favorites have to do with menstruation. It turns out that back in the day, doctors – who
were of course always male -- simply refused to accept the existence of PMS.
Apparently, it was accepted among doctors that a woman who felt cramps while
menstruating was ""making it up."" (Female nurses who attempted to describe the actual
feeling were ignored.) It was understood that a woman who felt unusually emotional or
even in physical pain while menstruating was just being moody and hysterical. (You
know how women are!) As more women became doctors and feminism gained traction
and science advanced with a broader perspective and scientists discovered the actual
physical causes of cramps, PMS became recognized as a real thing. Cramps were no
longer ""typical female hysteria.""
Which, of course, makes it all the more ironic that PMS is now often used as an excuse to
discount women as hysterical. It makes me laugh, in my cynical way.
It's kind of astonishing that a woman like my mother would disclaim a strong connection
with feminism. And yet she does.
* * *
This year I had my first Full-On Internet Feminist Scandal, during which I received hate
mail and hate comments from other feminists. (I name the event in capital letters because
email from other feminists, some of whom I don't even know, has told me that if you
stick with Internet Feminism long enough, it's basically inevitable that you obtain one of
these.) The worst of it fell on a holiday when I was visiting my mother. Mom was helping
out at church, and wanted me to attend the sermon. I sobbed for hours before leaving
home; I managed to make it to church, but I was such a wreck when I got there that she
put me in a back room so I could be alone to cry.
To be clear, I definitely think that I've screwed up on some social justice issues in the
past, and I'm sure that I will in the future. I am doing my best to keep myself honest and
work on the areas where I've been called out. That's a crucial part of social justice work,
and it's one I try to take seriously.
But I have to tell you, the piece I wrote that drew the biggest backlash was one that my
mother loved. (In the interests of accountability, I'll say that I do think a lot of the
critiques are valid and important, like this one for example -- and, for those in the
audience who are familiar with feminist call-out culture, I recommend a couple insightful
comments from a brilliant Feministe commenter named saurus.) When I wrote the initial
draft, I felt so uncertain that I asked Mom to review it, and she said: ""I think this is one of
the best things you've ever written."" Yet one key factor in many of these critiques is that I
failed to make enough space for rape survivors. I plan to write differently about the topic
in the future, but there's real irony in the fact that the most important rape survivor in my
life believes that one of my best pieces is the same one that got me hate mail for failing
rape survivors. (Of course, I also received incredibly personal comments about my sex
life. The Feminist Sex Wars ain't over yet.)
Mom and I discussed it later, of course. She read some of the commentary online, and she
came back shaking her head. ""The things some feminists are saying about you really
floored me,"" she said. ""But I'm not completely surprised. Feminism has always been one
of those movements that eats its young. That's one reason I never identified with it. I
think there are a lot of people my age who started out living feminist lives, who now
wouldn't be caught dead calling themselves feminist. Women who had careers, who
raised sensitive, loving sons and strong daughters... who find the baggage of the 'feminist'
label distasteful.""
I've thought a lot about my mother's comment that feminism ""eats its young."" One 2009
New Yorker article about feminism by Ariel Levy offered an interesting analysis of
feminist divisions, but included one offhand claim that isn't explained or justified:
""Revolutions are supposed to devour their young."" Is that so? Nobody told me. (Perhaps
ironically, Levy presents this claim while stating that feminism has actually turned
against its elders.)
Some commentators have told me that if I can't take the heat, then I just shouldn't write
about feminism. It hurts to think it, but maybe they're right. Somehow, the idea of being
""a good feminist"" has become utterly tangled up in my identity. It's a weak spot and a
sore spot, in a way that I didn't anticipate and don't fully understand. I find social justice
criticism to be nourishing when it's generous and constructive, sometimes even when it's
aggressive -- but sometimes it feels so incredibly destructive. But as I said, I'm not at all
the only feminist writer who feels that the community can be internally destructive. How
much of the problem is the vitriol within some critiques, and how much is that feminism
has become ""who we are"" rather than ""something we do""?
I think we can all agree that it's good to call out other people when they're screwing up --
but there has to be a way for us to build a movement without eating our young. Yet from
what my mother tells me, we've never been good at that.
On the bright side, I don't have to engage politically with feminism in order to be a
feminist, or volunteer for feminist causes, or do feminist work. And it helps to understand
that I don't have to be ""a good feminist"" for my mother to be proud of me. (My dad's
another matter.)
* * *
During one of our recent conversations, I confirmed again with my mother that I had
permission to write about her experience. Then I asked her if she's out of the closet as a
rape survivor.
""I don't know,"" she said thoughtfully. ""I guess so. I don't really think about it. I'm happy
with my life now."" She paused and drank her tea for a moment. ""I don't think of myself as
a rape survivor anymore,"" she added. ""By 1980, ten years after the attack, I really thought
I was emerging from the cave. And I was, but I was still metaphorically covered in dirt
and cobwebs, with grit in my mouth. In the first few years I was with your dad -- the
early 1980s -- I had residual fears. I had become frightened by subways, elevators, and
surprise noises, and he helped me work my way through those very effectively. By 25
years, it was simply no longer a part of my current self. I'd say I am wiser and stronger
for it, but I think an experience so shocking is a lousy way to build character. And a
waste of time! I lost too many years. I hope that things like victim advocacy saves
people.""
I'm glad that my mother feels good about life today, and I myself don't have the urge to
track those guys down and rend them limb from limb. (Much.) Yet I wonder if the men
who attacked her ever think about what they did. I wonder if the ex-boyfriend ever
understood how thoroughly he brutalized someone he claimed to love, or how male
privilege played a role in his actions. These days, I write a lot about masculinity, and I try
to understand men's perspective on gender issues. Writing about men and gender is tricky
territory, though. What if I end up shoring up the entitlement that led that those assholes
to attack my mom?
Mom told me that she Googled her rapist ex-boyfriend. He has three daughters. She
wonders whether he ever thinks about it, too.
Naturally, I also think a lot about feminism, and how we can make it both effective and
welcoming. What does it mean when people call it a movement that ""eats its young""?
What does it mean that feminism has become so tied up in identity? What does it mean
when a rape survivor who had a career and raised a feminist daughter won't call herself a
feminist? What does it mean that taking on the ""feminist"" label means taking on a host of
other associations -- associations that even women like my mother are unwilling to
accept?
* * *
This can be found on the Internet at:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/05/25/my-moms-rape-story-and-a-confusedrelationship-with-feminism/
* * *
* * *
* * *
Section 3 Study Guide
Having established the building blocks of Section 1, and the extra perspectives of Section
2, this section was intended to pull together some seriously multi-layered syntheses.
* * *
1. Is it hard to relate BDSM theory and practice to feminism or anti-rape activism? If so,
then how is it hard? If not, then why do some people believe that there are difficulties?
* * *
2. Which issues of sexuality do you feel clear about, and which do you feel foggy or
uncertain about? How and why?
2a. Do you have a sense of what makes you feel strong and centered in your sexuality and
relationships? If so, how do you go about establishing those factors in your life?
* * *
3. Did you have a particularly hostile or excited reaction to any of these pieces? If so,
why?
* * *
4. Are there any binaries or bright lines that you're questioning as a result of reading these
pieces?
4a. Could questioning those divisions have an impact upon your identity, or upon the way
you act towards others?
* * *
5. What are the overarching patterns that you see within the pieces in this section? How
are these disparate topics relevant to each other?
5a. Does this stuff really have to be so complicated?
* * *
* * *
* * *
About The Author
* * *
Clarisse Thorn is a feminist, sex-positive educator who has delivered sex-related lectures
and workshops to a variety of audiences, including New York's Museum of Sex, San
Francisco's Center for Sex & Culture, and universities across the USA. She created and
curated the original Sex+++ sex-positive documentary film series at Chicago's historic
feminist site, Jane Addams Hull-House Museum. She has also volunteered as an
archivist, curator and fundraiser for that venerable S&M institution, the Leather Archives
& Museum. In 2010, Clarisse returned from working on HIV mitigation in sub-Saharan
Africa. Her writing has appeared across the Internet in many many places. She blogs
about feminist sexuality with a focus on S&M at clarissethorn.com, and tweets
@clarissethorn.
Handy links for connecting with Clarisse:
Blog: http://clarissethorn.com/blog
Twitter: http://twitter.com/ClarisseThorn
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/clarisse.thorn
Find other Smashwords books by Clarisse:
https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/clarissethorn
* * *
Also check out Clarisse's awesome book
Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser!
* * *
There's a huge subculture of men who trade tips, tricks, and tactics for seducing women.
Clarisse Thorn, a feminist S&M writer and activist, spent years researching these guys.
She observed their discussions, watched them in action, and learned their strategies. By
the end, she'd given a lecture at a seduction convention. This is her story -- and her
theories about feminism and seduction to boot.
https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/144451
In paperback: https://www.createspace.com/3830583
* * *
* * *
* * *
Clarisse's Lectures, Workshops and Events
Thank you so much for reading my work. Now for the hustle!
I'm not just a writer -- I also give lectures and workshops, and organize events. Here's a
short list of some of the lectures, workshops and events I offer. I'm available by email at
clarisse.thorn@gmail.com, if you'd like to bring me in.
* * *
* Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser. There's a whole subculture out there devoted
to teaching men how to seduce women. Over the last few years, these underground
""pickup artists"" have slowly surfaced into the popular consciousness, with the help of
bestselling books like Neil Strauss's The Game and hit reality shows like VH1's The
Pick-Up Artist. I spent two years doing on-and-off research into these Casanovas. In this
lecture I discuss my experiences talking to pickup artists, learning their techniques,
understanding their community frameworks and norms, and eventually giving them tips
on how to seduce women... all of which culminated in my book, Confessions of a Pickup
Artist Chaser: Long Interviews With Hideous Men. This presentation was originally
created for a lunchtime talk at the Center for Gender Studies at the University of Chicago,
and I can deliver it in 90 minutes or less.
* Leadership in the Bedroom: A Sexual Communication Workshop. Down-to-earth
tips and ideas on how to communicate clearly about sex. This workshop was originally
requested by the University of Illinois at Chicago, but I've given versions of it at other
venues as well. It was one of the first workshops I ever designed, and I'm currently
working on streamlining it and making it more interactive. I can do it in an hour, but it's
really better with two hours.
* BDSM Overview. Imagery deriving from bondage, discipline, dominance, submission,
and sadomasochism (BDSM) is becoming commonplace -- and we all know (or think we
know) what a dominatrix is -- but most people don't have much idea of what BDSM
actually involves. Although it is increasingly accepted as an alternative sexual
orientation, BDSM remains surrounded by stigma, scandal and occasional legal action.
This presentation covers the basics of BDSM (however, it's not a how-to lecture -- you
aren't going to learn how to use a whip, though you'll learn where to go to find out!). I
prefer to poll the audience to see what they want to cover on top of that -- BDSM history?
cultural landmarks? BDSM & feminism? legal issues? I've got it all! I have given this
lecture more than any other. It can be squished into an hour, but I prefer two hours.
* Sex-Positivity for Everyone! Including the Mens! What is masculinity or male
advocacy as a movement, and how is it in dialogue with contemporary feminism? Can it
be incorporated into feminism, or can the values of the sex-positive feminist community
speak to its concerns? What does positive, productive talk about masculinity sound like? I
talk about all this in a short lecturette and then facilitate small discussions on kinky male
sexuality, men in the pickup artist community, and men who buy sex. This workshop was
originally requested by the University of Chicago, and based on feedback from that
experience and others, I have been adapting it. It should take about 90 minutes.
* The Sex+++ Film Series at Jane Addams Hull-House Museum and related film
screenings. I have now overseen many many screenings of sex-positive documentaries,
and facilitated followup discussions afterwards. In the past I have done this primarily to
accomplish my own activist educational goals or to raise funds for deserving institutions,
but I'd be happy to run a screening or two upon request. Please note, however, that I don't
own the rights to all the films I've screened, and so if you want me to run a screening for
you, you may need to budget extra in order to cover the rights. I started the Sex+++ Film
Series at Chicago's Jane Addams Hull-House Museum, and as I write this in 2012, the
film series is in its fourth year. You can look at the film series calendar here:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/03/17/the-sex-positive-documentary-film-list-2011-
2012/
I would certainly be willing to design a new workshop or lecture upon request -- in fact,
two of the above events were created at the request of the institutions that invited me.
* * *
* * *
* * *
Footnotes
All these links were last checked in early 2012.
* * *
Section 1: The Basics
* * *
S&M: Love Bites: An S&M Coming-Out Story
1. Kink Aware Professionals: https://ncsfreedom.org/resources/kink-aware-professionalsdirectory/kap-directory-homepage.html
-- [back]
* * *
Education: Liberal, Sex-Positive Sex Education: What's Missing
1. The Unitarian Universalist Our Whole Lives curriculum: http://www.uua.org/re/owl/ --
[back]
2. New Yorker review of the new Joy of Sex:
http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2009/01/05/090105crbo_books_levy --
[back]
3. Synopsis of conservative book Modern Sex: http://www.manhattaninstitute.org/modern/
-- [back]
4. Cuddle parties: http://current.com/shows/max-and-jason-still-up/89557966_first-timecuddle-party.htm
-- [back]
5. Scarleteen's sexual inventory checklist:
http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/yes_no_maybe_so_a_sexual_inventory_stocklis
t -- [back]
6. Yes Means Yes blog on how affirmative communication combats rape:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2009/01/16/the-words-that-come-after-i-want/ --
[back]
* * *
Communication: Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Checklists
1. Example of a BDSM checklist: http://www.thebrc.net/check_list/default.htm -- [back]
2. Scarleteen's sex checklist:
http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/yes_no_maybe_so_a_sexual_inventory_stocklis
t -- [back]
* * *
Communication: Sex Communication Tactic Derived From S&M: Journal-Keeping
1. Submissive journaling prompts: http://bdsmsexperts.blogspot.com/2010/07/submissive-journaling-prompts.html
-- [back]
* * *
Communication: Sex Communication Case Studies
1. The previous post about a really problematic relationship:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/03/01/storytime-how-my-life-wasnt-always-happyfun-boundaries-are-perfect-land/
-- [back]
* * *
Feminism: Towards My Personal Sex-Positive Feminist 101
1. An excellent definition and discussion of the word ""cisgendered,"" by trans activist
Asher Bauer: http://carnalnation.com/content/49458/1067/word-day-cis -- [back]
2. Analysis of the ""virgin"" shoot at Kink.com:
http://missmaggiemayhem.com/2011/01/12/virginity/ -- [back]
3. Most women don't achieve orgasm through penis-in-vagina sex alone:
http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/i_cant_orgasm_from_intercourse_and_its_ruini
ng_my_relationship -- [back]
4. Asexual writer discusses sex-positive feminism:
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2012/02/07/an-asexual-map-for-sex-positivefeminism/
-- [back]
* * *
S&M: S&M Superpowers
1. Study demonstrates that BDSM desires do not arise from abuse:
http://www.news.com.au/top-stories/bondage-lovers-normal-maybe-even-happier/storye6frfkp9-1111117296864
-- [back]
2. A post of mine on nonsensical stigma, in the context of whore stigma:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/12/17/whore-stigma-makes-no-sense/ -- [back]
3. Psychology paper ""Learning from Extraordinary Lovers"" by Peggy Kleinplatz:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16803770 -- [back]
4. Study finds that consensual S&M increases intimacy:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563549 -- [back]
* * *
S&M: BDSM Can Be ""Love Sex"" Too
1. Rachel Rabbit White's ""Lady Porn Day"": http://rachelrabbitwhite.com/ladypornday/ --
[back]
* * *
S&M: Body Chemistry and S&M
1. Awesome page on aftercare:
http://www.leathernroses.com/generalbdsm/chrismaftercare.htm -- [back]
2. EduKink is a pair of San Francisco S&M educators: http://www.edukink.org/ -- [back]
* * *
Orgasmic ""Dysfunction"": A Unified Theory of Orgasm
1. A tactic called ""gaslighting"" is a common one used by emotional abusers:
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/11/21/one-abuse-script-with-many-faces/ --
[back]
2. Kink Aware Professionals: https://ncsfreedom.org/resources/kink-aware-professionals-
directory/kap-directory-homepage.html -- [back]
3. Betty Dodson's video ""Did I Orgasm?"": http://www.youtube.com/v/rkCihT1mkmc --
[back]
4. Our definitions of orgasm are fairly narrow:
http://sexuality.about.com/od/anatomyresponse/a/what_is_orgasm.htm -- [back]
* * *
Boundaries: Orgasms Aren't My Favorite Part Of Sex, and My Chastity Urge
1. Deliberately limiting orgasms for a more amorous relationship:
http://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/too-many-orgasms/ -- [back]
2. Scarleteen discusses women and ""squirting"" orgasms:
http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/squirt_on_female_ejaculation -- [back]
* * *
Evolution: Sexual Openness: Two Ways To Encourage It
1. Comstock Films makes documentaries about real couples and how they have sex:
http://comstockfilms.com/ -- [back]
2. CineKink, ""the really alternative film festival"": http://cinekink.com -- [back]
* * *
Relationships: Fear, Loathing, and S&M Sluthood in San Francisco
1. My blog post ""There It Is"": http://clarissethorn.wordpress.com/2010/10/28/litquotestorytime-there-it-is/
-- [back]
2. The Sutro Baths, extraordinary ruins in San Francisco:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vicster/2816355231/in/set-72157607093679758/ -- [back]
3. A blog post I wrote on the perils of vanilla-but-questioning dudes:
http://clarissethorn.wordpress.com/2010/11/05/bdsm-vs-vanilla-part-1-why-i-pretend-idont-date-vanilla-but-questioning-men/
-- [back]
4. The ""lost"" 21st chapter of A Clockwork Orange: http://www.visualmemory.co.uk/amk/doc/0062.html
-- [back]
* * *
S&M: BDSM As A Sexual Orientation, and Complications of the Orientation Model
1. BDSM-phobic thread on a radical feminist blog:
http://rageagainstthemanchine.com/2009/02/07/please-somebody-come-and-defendkinkcom/
-- [back]
2. BDSM-related discrimination case and orientation notes from Charles Moser:
http://www.xtra.ca/public/Vancouver/BDSM_lifestyler_unfit_to_drive_a_limo_police-
6577.aspx -- [back]
* * *
S&M: BDSM ""versus"" Sex
1. Definition of ""prostitution"" shifts and NYC dominatrixes are arrested:
http://sexinthepublicsquare.org/ElizabethsBlog/ncsf-statement-on-pro-dom-work-andprostitution-statutes
-- [back]
2. Marty Klein's ""Is There Such A Thing As Kinky Sex?"":
http://www.sexualintelligence.org/newsletters/issue128.html - three -- [back]
3. maymay on ""kinky"" not being limited to BDSM:
http://maybemaimed.com/2010/10/05/honor-thy-language-kinky-is-an-adjective-not-anactivity/
-- [back]
4. Quasi-conservative organization Taken In Hand: http://www.takeninhand.com/ --
[back]
5. Comment from saurus: http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/10/09/bdsmversus-sex-part-1-divide-and-conquer/
- comment-397105 -- [back]
6. Feministe post on the ""violent sex"" article:
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/07/12/violent-sex-writer-compromisessafety-of-rape-survivor/
-- [back]
7. Comment from Jadey: http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/06/27/the-bestmost-disturbing-thing-you-will-read-today/
- comment-373440 -- [back]
8. Mac McClelland's ""Violent Sex"" article: http://www.good.is/post/how-violent-sexhelped-ease-my-ptsd/
-- [back]
9. My old post ""Casual Sex? Casual Kink?"":
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2008/12/26/casual-sex-casual-kink/ -- [back]
* * *
S&M: BDSM Roles, ""Topping From The Bottom,"" and ""Service Top""
1. Thomas MacAulay Millar on ""Domism"":
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2011/05/02/domism-role-essentialism-andsexism-intersectionality-in-the-bdsm-scene/
-- [back]
* * *
S&M: ""Inherent Female Submission"": The Wrong Question
1. The Topologies blog features three dominant female contributors:
http://topologies.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/shifting-the-discourse-on-femaledominance/
-- [back]
2. Research on proportion of submissive BDSM women:
http://kinkresearch.blogspot.com/2009/10/sex-role-ratio.html -- [back]
3. The female dominant blogger Bitchy Jones is pissed:
http://bitchyjones.wordpress.com/2009/03/14/bondage-awards-not-actually-sexist-onpurpose/
-- [back]
4. The male submissive blogger maymay is pissed: http://maybemaimed.com/2007/08/04/
what-sexuality-might-taste-like-if-you-were-a-submissive-man-in-2007/ -- [back]
* * *
Manliness: Fifty Shades of Grey, Fight Club, and the Complications of Male
Dominance
1. The sex writer Violet Blue offers some hilarious Fifty Shades commentary and
linkfarming: http://www.tinynibbles.com/blogarchives/2012/04/fifty-shades-oflinkbait.html
The writer A.V. Flox also did a really great analysis of how badly Fifty
Shades deals with S&M: http://www.blogher.com/troubling-message-fifty-shades-grey --
[back]
2. Pepper Mint's blog: http://freaksexual.wordpress.com/ -- [back]
* * *
Abuse: The Alt Sex Anti-Abuse Dream Team
1. The post on SM-Feminist about the prevalence of abuse in the community: http://smfeminist.blogspot.com/2007/11/wut-about-abuuuuuuuuuuzers.html
-- [back]
2. A post on SM-Feminist about an abuse survivor who learned to set boundaries and
protect herself through BDSM: http://sm-feminist.blogspot.com/2008/01/not-your-usualbdsm-and-abuse-story.html
-- [back]
3. Thomas MacAulay Millar's article ""Not What We Do"":
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2010/09/21/not-what-we-do/ -- [back]
4. Front image of a pamphlet about abuse in BDSM:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/35620214@N02/3488055736/ -- Back image of same
pamphlet: http://www.flickr.com/photos/35620214@N02/3487239893/ -- [back]
5. Statement on BDSM and abuse from the Leather Leadership Conference:
http://www.leatherleadership.org/library/diffsmabuse.htm -- Statement on BDSM and
abuse from the Lesbian Sex Mafia: http://lesbiansexmafia.org/lsmnyc/bdsm-is-not-abuse/
-- [back]
6. Kink Aware Professionals: https://ncsfreedom.org/resources/kink-aware-professionalsdirectory/kap-directory-homepage.html
-- [back]
* * *
Section 2: Activism and Allies
* * *
Activism: Grassroots Organizing For Feminism, S&M, HIV, and Everything Else
1. Bitch Magazine's Feminist Coming-Out Day Blog Carnival:
http://bitchmagazine.org/post/feminist-coming-out-day-blog-carnival -- [back]
2. My sex-positive documentary film series:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/03/17/the-sex-positive-documentary-film-list-2011-
2012/ -- [back]
3. Pamphlet on making a group egalitarian but well-organized:
http://struggle.ws/hist_texts/structurelessness.html -- [back]
4. Chicago's Rape Victim Advocates: http://www.rapevictimadvocates.org/ -- [back]
5. Kink Aware Professionals: https://ncsfreedom.org/resources/kink-aware-professionalsdirectory/kap-directory-homepage.html
-- [back]
6. My advice on activism in Africa: http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2010/01/31/clarissesadvice-column-arises-again-masculinity-african-activism/
-- [back]
7. An general overview I wrote of housing co-ops: http://www.rolereboot.org/sex-andrelationships/details/2012-04-housing-co-ops-arent-just-for-hippies
-- [back]
8. North American Students of Cooperation: http://nasco.coop/ -- [back]
* * *
Activism: Interview with Richard Berkowitz, Star of Sex Positive and Icon of Safer
Sex Activism
1. My original review of the film: http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2009/02/11/sex-positivedocumentary-report-2-sex-positive/
-- [back]
2. Gay Male SM Activists was one of the first S&M advocacy organizations ever: http://
www.gmsma.org/ -- [back]
* * *
Abuse: Social Responsibility Within Activism
1. Problems of prisons:
http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2012/01/30/120130crat_atlarge_gopnik?
currentPage=all -- [back]
* * *
Masculinity: Questions I Want To Ask Entitled Cis Het Men
1. Thomas MacAulay Millar on masculinity:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2009/05/27/things-cis-het-men-are-afraid-to-talkabout/
-- [back]
2. ""Precarious Manhood"" paper: Vandello et al. ""Precarious Manhood."" Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 95, No. 6, 1325 – 1339. 2008. -- [back]
3. Men's Rights Activists: the ""most discriminated against"" quotation came from Kuster,
Elizabeth. Exorcising Your Ex. Fireside, 1996. Also, long after the publication of my blog
posts, the politics website AlterNet did a profile of the MRA movement:
http://www.alternet.org/teaparty/154617/Leader's_Suicide_Reveals_Frightening,_Violent
,_Organized_Misogyny_Movement/?page=entire -- [back]
4. Sexism in BDSM: http://maybemaimed.com/2009/10/02/dont-you-fret-sexism-is-aliveand-well-in-bdsm/
-- [back]
5. Seriously, these posters are awesome: http://www.reachandteach.com/store/index.php?
l=product_detail&p=50 -- [back]
6. Alienating men with Thomas MacAulay Millar:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/who-is-bidding-on-natalie-dylansvirginity
-- [back]
* * *
Education: Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 1: Abstinence
1. Chris Hall's blog: http://literateperversions.com/ -- [back]
2. My archive of articles at CarnalNation: http://carnalnation.com/users/clarisse-thorn --
[back]
3. Unitarian sex education: http://www.uua.org/religiouseducation/curricula/ourwhole/ --
[back]
4. Another article on declining sexual satiation and how it can contribute to romantic
feelings: http://www.marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2009/08/againstsatiation.html
-- [back]
* * *
Education: Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 2: Be Faithful
1. Helen Epstein's 2004 article ""The Fidelity Fix"": http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/13/
magazine/13AIDS.html -- [back]
2. 2007 Washington Post article on multiple partners in Botswana:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2007/03/01/AR2007030101607.html
-- [back]
* * *
Education: Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 3: Condoms
1. Religious educators saying that encouraging condom usage waters down their
message: http://www.thinkingfaith.org/articles/20090325_1.htm -- [back]
2. Underprivileged populations ""choosing"" to contract HIV: Ticktin, Miriam. ""Where
Ethics and Politics Meet: The Violence of Humanitarianism in France."" American
Ethnologist volume 33, number 1, 2006. Ticktin herself cites an April 6, 2005 National
Public Radio broadcast by Nicoli Nattrass, which outlined cases of people infecting
themselves with HIV in southern Africa. For an especially haunting and personal account
of deliberate self-infection, see also Sylvie C. Tourigny's ""Some New Dying Trick:
African American Youths 'Choosing' HIV/AIDS."" Qualitative Health Research volume
8, number 2, 1998. -- [back]
3. Helen Epstein's 2004 article ""The Fidelity Fix"": http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/13/
magazine/13AIDS.html -- [back]
4. Reasonable laws regulating sex work were being discussed in South Africa around the
time of the World Cup: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/oct/11/legalise-worldcup-sex-trade
-- [back]
* * *
Activism: Colonized Libidos
1. Rest in peace, Pitseng Vilakati: http://carnalnation.com/content/44250/1133/restpeace-pitseng-vilakati
-- [back]
2. An argument that the places in Africa where homosexuality is most strongly punished
are some of the best to actually be gay: http://chrisblattman.com/2010/03/10/is-uganda-agood-place-to-be-gay/
-- [back]
3. An argument that much of Africa was less homophobic pre-Western influence:
http://isnblog.ethz.ch/culture/gay-rights-–-and-wrongs-–-in-africa -- [back]
4. The Patriarchy allegedly made me kinky: http://smfeminist.blogspot.com/2008/10/why-bdsm.html
-- [back]
* * *
Vegan: Confections of a Pickup Artist Chaser
1. Kinsey Hope's activist typology: http://genderbitch.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/a-m-ocommunication/
-- [back]
2. Characterized as an ""Appeaser"" activist type, plus tactical discussion:
http://www.amptoons.com/blog/2011/02/18/response-to-clarisse-thorns-backlash-2-nukeand-appease-please-be-a-bothand-blogiverse/
-- [back]
3. Free vegan starter guide: http://www.veganoutreach.org/guide/ -- [back]
4. List of vegan cookbooks: http://vegan.com/cookbooks/ -- [back]
5. Things that happen to animals on factory farms:
http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/ or this video:
http://www.mercyforanimals.org/farm-to-fridge.aspx -- [back]
6. Vegan FAQ: http://vegan.com/articles/faq/ -- [back]
7. Salon article on ""humane"" farms: http://www.salon.com/2005/04/13/milk_3/ -- [back]
8. Oatmeal chocolate chip cookie recipe originally from:
http://www.essortment.com/unbeatable-vegan-chocolate-chip-oatmeal-cookie-recipe-
13043.html -- [back]
9. Frying tofu with a nice crust: http://www.tastehongkong.com/recipes/how-to-pan-frytofu-with-crust-is-simple/
-- [back]
* * *
Polyamory: In Praise of Monogamy
1. Poly vs. swingers at Polyamory In The News:
http://polyinthemedia.blogspot.com/2009/12/polys-vs-swingers-as-viewed-from-
2010.html -- [back]
2. Polyamory relationship contract:
http://www.scarletletters.com/current/021403_nf_rk.html -- [back]
3. Someone else's blog post on managing New Relationship Energy in polyamory: http://
www.adrienneparker.com/2010/07/nre-in-polyamorous-relationships.html -- [back]
4. How choosing no orgasms can increase couple bonding:
http://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/too-many-orgasms/ -- [back]
5. 40% of young couples don't agree whether they're monogamous:
http://www.charlieglickman.com/2011/02/new-research-young-couples-disagree-aboutwhether-theyre-monogamous/
-- [back]
6. The ""slippery slope"" argument against gay marriage:
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2004/05/slippery_slop.ht
ml -- [back]
7. Monogamous privilege checklist:
http://www.eastportlandblog.com/2011/04/05/monogamous-privilege-checklist-by-corydavis/
-- [back]
8. White privilege checklist: http://www.nymbp.org/reference/WhitePrivilege.pdf --
[back]
* * *
Sex Work: One Blurred Edge of Sex Work: Portrait of a Sugar Baby
1. The SeekingArrangement blog post, ""Sugar Baby and Sugar Daddy: The Modern Day
Princess and Prince?"": http://www.seekingarrangement.com/blog/?p=5456 -- [back]
2. 2009 New York Times Magazine article on SeekingArrangement:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/magazine/12sugardaddies-t.html?pagewanted=all --
[back]
* * *
Sex Work: A Sugar Baby Leaves The Business
1. The SeekingArrangement blog post, ""Sugar Baby and Sugar Daddy: The Modern Day
Princess and Prince?"": http://www.seekingarrangement.com/blog/?p=5456 -- [back]
2. The SeekingArrangement blog post, ""Sugar Babies Do Fall In Love"":
http://www.seekingarrangement.com/blog/?p=5561 -- [back]
3. Mistress Matisse on sex work and emotional labor: http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/
Content?oid=26113 and also: http://mistressmatisse.blogspot.com/2011/01/im-expectingbit-of-heat-from.html
-- [back]
4. Tyler Knight on emotional difficulties as a porn star:
http://tylerknight.com/2011/12/18/oneironaut-at-wrest/ -- [back]
* * *
Section 3: Making It Complicated
* * *
Relationships: Chemistry
1. Infamous article ""Marry Him: The Case For Settling For Mr. Good Enough"":
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/03/marry-him/6651/ -- [back]
* * *
Evolution: You Don't Always Know What You're Thinking
1. Autumn Whitefield-Madrano on the ""fog of abuse"":
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/08/08/i-can-handle-it-on-relationshipviolence-independence-and-capability/
-- [back]
2. My old post ""Am I Evolving Away From Monogamy?"": http://clarissethorn.com/blog/
2010/05/11/am-i-evolving-away-from-monogamy/ -- [back]
* * *
Abuse: Thinking More Clearly About BDSM versus Abuse
1. Pepper Mint's essay ""Towards A General Theory of BDSM and Power"":
http://freaksexual.wordpress.com/2007/06/11/towards-a-general-theory-of-bdsm-andpower/
-- [back]
2. The origins of the Power and Control Wheel: http://www.theduluthmodel.org/training/
wheels.html -- Image of the Power & Control Wheel:
http://www.theduluthmodel.org/pdf/PowerandControl.pdf -- Text of that wheel, and other
relevant wheels: http://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=38490 -- [back]
3. Image of the Equality Wheel: http://www.theduluthmodel.org/pdf/Equality.pdf --
[back]
* * *
S&M: Aftercare or Brainwashing?
1. That study on intimacy again: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563549 --
[back]
2. That awesome aftercare page again:
http://www.leathernroses.com/generalbdsm/chrismaftercare.htm -- [back]
3. FormerWildChild's comment on my post:
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2010/10/18/there-it-is/ - comment-332491 --
[back]
4. Paper on people who experience orgasm while assaulted: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/15261004 -- [back]
5. First-person account of orgasm during a rape: http://www.netburst.net/hope/rape_orgasm.htm
-- [back]
6. The cycle of abuse: http://www.uic.edu/depts/owa/cycle_of_violence.html -- [back]
7. Thomas's post on S&M mistakes:
http://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2012/04/30/theres-a-war-on-part-5-wallowing-inthe-sl-op/
-- [back]
* * *
Communication: Feminist S&M Lessons From the Seduction Community
1. PUALingo lists over 715 pickup artist terms: http://www.pualingo.com/puaterminology-list/
-- [back]
2. A PUA internal critique by a dude named Chris. I cross-posted it to my blog, and it's
also available as an appendix in my book Confessions of a Pickup Artist Chaser:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/04/18/guest-post-detrimental-attitudes-of-the-pickupartist-community/
-- [back]
3. ""Neg"" definition: http://www.sosuave.com/articles/neghits.htm -- [back]
4. Neil Strauss on negs: http://www.neilstrauss.com/neil/what-separates-a-winner-from-aloser-is-2
-- [back]
5. Tyler Durden on negs: http://www.bristollair.com/2011/pua-seductionmethods/examining-different-pua-methods-pt-2/
-- [back]
6. This guy is a real asshole, and I dedicate most of a chapter in my book to explaining
how wrong he is about everything. Roissy on negs:
http://heartiste.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/the-subtle-art-of-the-insidious-neg/ -- [back]
7. ""If it wasn't for the pussy, there would be a bounty on [women]"":
http://heartiste.wordpress.com/2011/08/07/what-are-you-thinking-about/ - comment-
267855 -- [back]
8. Mark Manson on miserable PUA dudes: http://postmasculine.com/pickup-artist --
[back]
9. My interview with Neil Strauss: http://timeoutchicago.com/sex-dating/12914409/neilstrauss-interview
-- [back]
10. Feminist asks Clarisse why she's being generous to Strauss, on a feminist thread
deconstructing PUAs: http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/03/25/i-totallyinterviewed-the-worlds-most-famous-pickup-artist/
- comment-357169 -- [back]
11. Anti-feminist doesn't like Strauss either:
http://www.inmalafide.com/blog/2011/04/12/kill-your-game-idols-part-2-straussschwyzer-and-spengler/
-- [back]
12. History of Ms. Magazine includes the erasure of BDSM:
http://nymag.com/print/?/news/features/ms-magazine-2011-11/ -- [back]
13. Jaclyn Friedman on how consent is not a lightswitch:
http://www.amplifyyourvoice.org/u/Yes_Means_Yes/2010/11/9/Consent-Is-Not-A-
Lightswitch -- [back]
14. Salon interview with Tracy Clark-Flory:
http://www.salon.com/2011/10/30/a_sex_guide_for_todays_girls/singleton/ -- [back]
15. Discussion of forcing explicit communication on a feminist BDSM blog:
http://pervocracy.blogspot.com/2011/07/how-to-not-be-creepy.html?
showComment=1310928149621 - c6917844665418677680 -- [back]
16. Feminist site on sexual violence emphasizes non-verbal communication:
http://www.uwyo.edu/stop/Get Educated/sexualviolence.html -- [back]
17. Feminist argues that ""PUAs rape women"":
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/03/25/i-totally-interviewed-the-worlds-mostfamous-pickup-artist/
- comment-357951 -- [back]
18. PUA claims that ""the first two 'no's don't mean much"":
http://thesocialsecrets.com/2009/04/5-easy-ways-to-over-come-lmr-last-minute-sexualreservations/
-- [back]
19. David Shade on LMR: The Secrets of Female Sexuality, by David Shade. David
Shade Corporation, 2007. -- [back]
20. Mark Manson advises respecting LMR: http://www.practicalpickup.com/thecheerleader
-- [back]
21. PUA Detox: http://www.practicalpickup.com/the-guide-to-a-pua-detox -- [back]
* * *
S&M: The Strange Binary of Dominance and Submission
1. An article I wrote about submissive skills, and their value:
http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/01/16/submissive-skills/ -- [back]
* * *
Feminism: My Mom's Rape Story, and A Confused Relationship with Feminism
1. Susan Faludi's article on feminism's ""Electra complex"":
http://harpers.org/archive/2010/10/0083140 -- [back]
2. Study shows S&Mers not more likely to have experienced abuse:
http://www.news.com.au/top-stories/bondage-lovers-normal-maybe-even-happier/storye6frfkp9-1111117296864
-- [back]
3. Kleinplatz's paper on ""Learning From Extraordinary Lovers"":
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16803770 -- [back]
4. S&M and the psychiatric establishment: http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/05/07/thepsychology-of-sm/
-- [back]
5. History of Ms. Magazine: http://nymag.com/news/features/ms-magazine-2011-11/ --
[back]
6. Piece that drew backlash: http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2011/12/22/on-change-andaccountability/
-- [back]
7. Response piece to above: http://www.amptoons.com/blog/2011/12/28/on-change-andaccountability-a-response-to-clarisse-thorn/
-- [back]
8. Brilliant comments from saurus at Feministe:
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/10/17/call-out-culture-and-blogging-asperformance/
- comment-399410 and also:
http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2011/12/31/on-change-and-accountability-aresponse-to-clarisse-thorn/
- comment-424091 -- [back]
9. Ariel Levy's 2009 article on feminist divisions: http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/
books/2009/11/16/091116crbo_books_levy?currentPage=all -- [back]
* * *
* * *
* * *
Glossary
As I said in the introduction, I try to keep my writing as accessible as possible. One way I
do that is by avoiding jargon and by using terms that I think most people will recognize. I
often write ""S&M"" instead of ""BDSM,"" for example; and when I'm using technical S&M
language like ""top"" or ""bottom"" or ""scene,"" I try to define the words as I go along. But
sometimes I slip into jargon by accident. Also, plenty of S&M terms are super useful, and
giving a quick overview of S&M language can go a long way towards describing S&M
culture. Hence, this glossary. Many of the terms in the Glossary aren't terms that I used
in this book, but you might find it useful or interesting anyway. (I also included a few
terms that come from other subcultures, like polyamory or queer studies or feminism,
because why not.)
* * *
aftercare (BDSM): A cool-down period after an S&M encounter, which often involves
reassurance and a discussion of how things went. Aftercare is discussed a lot in this book,
especially in ""Aftercare or Brainwashing?"" (part 3).
blaming the victim (feminism): The faulty assumption that an assault survivor caused or
contributed to the assault.
bottom (BDSM): A blanket term for a masochist and/or submissive. Not everyone who is
a masochist is submissive, and vice versa.
cisgendered (queer studies): A term that means ""not transgendered."" For example,
Clarisse is a cis woman or a cisgendered woman. Here's an excellent essay by the trans
activist Asher Bauer describing why the word ""cisgendered"" is important:
http://carnalnation.com/content/49458/1067/word-day-cis
coming out (queer studies): Openly acknowledging one's sexual identity to oneself, one's
parents, one's friends, and other parts of one's community.
dominant (BDSM): A person who enjoys being in charge during an S&M encounter.
dungeon (BDSM): Dungeons can often be split into two types: those owned and staffed
by professionals, and those owned by people who are drawn to S&M for non-monetary
reasons. There is occasionally overlap between the two groups, but often there's less
overlap than one might think. Professional BDSM is frequently banned at nonprofessional
dungeons, and non-professional dungeons are frequently non-profit
organizations. Indeed, many non-professional dungeons could be described as
""community centers"" for BDSMers. They're basically centralized nodes for BDSM
support, and they may host lectures, workshops, discussion groups, public parties, or
other meetups.
enthusiastic consent (feminism): A standard for ethical sex whereby one is expected not
just to have a consenting partner, but an enthusiastic and excited partner.
gender policing (feminism): Gender roles are defined by culture, and when a person
steps outside their gender role, that person will often be policed or attacked by other
members of the culture. For example, a USA man with long hair risks being mocked or
beaten up.
hard limit (BDSM): A strong, negative BDSM preference that is discussed ahead of
time. For example, a person who absolutely does not want to have anal sex would
describe anal sex as a hard limit. See also: soft limit.
heteronormative (queer studies): A term used to describe the cultural expectations of
""normal"" heterosexual relationships. For example, the expectation that men are the ones
to pursue women during romantic interactions is heteronormative.
kink (BDSM): A specific preference. For example, if Clarisse enjoys being whipped,
then she has a kink for it. She could also say something like, ""I kink on being whipped.""
kinky (BDSM and others): A lot of BDSMers use ""kinky"" to mean ""into BDSM.""
However, there are some people who use the term more broadly and include practices
that aren't usually considered BDSM, such as polyamory or swing.
landmine (BDSM): An extremely sensitive psychological spot, sometimes hit
accidentally during BDSM play. This is discussed further within this book, in ""What
Happens After An S&M Encounter 'Gone Wrong'"" (part 3).
masochist (BDSM): A person who enjoys receiving pain.
New Relationship Energy (polyamory): The obsessive, irrational joy one feels after
starting a relationship with a new and awesome partner. Here's an article about it:
http://aphroweb.net/articles/nre.htm
out [of the closet] (queer studies): An adjective to describe a person who is open with
people outside her sexual subculture about her sexual identity.
play (BDSM): A verb for having an S&M encounter. For example, if Clarisse was
whipped by a gentleman, she might say that she ""played with him."" Clarisse once saw a
display at the Leather Archives & Museum claiming that in Old Guard Leather Culture
(i.e, gay men's S&M culture starting around the 1950s), the word was more often ""work""
than ""play"" -- apparently, even S&M toys were usually called ""tools.""
play party (BDSM): A party where S&M can happen openly. Some play parties ban
sexual intercourse, while others don't.
polyamory: A community to support people who want to have multiple lovers and be
honest with everyone involved. Polyamory usually focuses more on an emotional
relationship than swing, but not always. The writer Franklin Veaux has a good Polyamory
101: http://www.xeromag.com/fvpoly.html And the blog Polyamory In The News has a
good post on the various distinctions between polyamory and swing:
http://polyinthemedia.blogspot.com/2009/12/polys-vs-swingers-as-viewed-from-
2010.html
primary relationship (polyamory): A relationship with more commitment and
expectations than other relationships. For example, a primary relationship might be one
where the participants live together and/or are married. Polyamorists sometimes disagree
about whether relationship hierarchies are desirable.
rape culture (feminism): A culture in which rape is prevalent and is maintained through
fundamental attitudes and beliefs about gender, sexuality, and violence, including rape
myths.
rape myths (feminism): Cultural ideas that make it harder to recognize, prosecute, and
heal from rape. For example, many people believe that rape usually happens to young,
""hot"" women... but interviews with rapists show that they usually prioritize targets based
on how vulnerable they are, rather than how ""hot"" they are.
sadist (BDSM): A person who enjoys inflicting pain.
safeword (BDSM): A word that any S&M participant can say at any time to stop the
action. Safewords are extensively analyzed within this book, in the ""The Annotated
Safeword"" (part 1).
scene; The Scene (BDSM): The word scene is often used to indicate an S&M encounter.
For example, if Clarisse was whipped by some dude, she ""had a scene"" with him (or
some would say that she scened with him). The Scene is also sometimes used to indicate
the public S&M community -- the dungeons, workshops, lectures, discussion groups, and
meetups that create an open network of BDSMers in many areas.
secondary relationship (polyamory): A relationship with less commitment and fewer
expectations than other relationships. Polyamorists sometimes disagree about whether
relationship hierarchies are desirable.
soft limit (BDSM): A weak, negative BDSM preference that is discussed ahead of time.
For example, a person may strongly dislike anal sex, but be willing to have anal sex in
certain contexts, like when he's really turned on; in that case, anal sex would be a soft
limit. See also: hard limit.
squick (BDSM): A feeling of not wanting to participate in an act, without judging others
for doing it. For example, if a BDSMer feels sick at the sight of blood yet doesn't want to
express disgust towards blood fetishists, then she might describe herself as squicked by
blood. The BDSM subculture generally places a high value on recognizing that one can
be squicked by an act, without judging it.
submissive (BDSM): A person who enjoys receiving orders or otherwise accepting an
experience defined by a partner.
swing: A community to support people who want to have sex with multiple people and
be honest with everyone involved. Unlike polyamorists, swingers usually don't
emphasize developing emotional connections in secondary relationships, but this isn't
always true. Clarisse is less familiar with swing than polyamory, but some swingers
emailed her this Swing 101: http://www.swingersboard.com/forums/faq.php?
faq=swinger_faq And the blog Polyamory In The News has a good post on the various
distinctions between polyamory and swing: http://polyinthemedia.blogspot.com/2009/12/
polys-vs-swingers-as-viewed-from-2010.html
switch (BDSM): A person who feels comfortable in either the top or the bottom role.
top (BDSM): A blanket term for a sadistic and/or dominant partner. Not everyone who is
sadistic is dominant, and vice versa.
vanilla (BDSM): A term to describe people who aren't into BDSM, or sexual acts that
aren't perceived as BDSM. Some folks describe so-called ""slightly BDSM"" people or acts
as french vanilla. Sometimes, non-BDSM people are offended by being described as
vanilla, which Clarisse thinks is silly, but she often avoids the term anyway and says ""not
into S&M"" instead.
ze (queer studies): A gender-neutral pronoun, also written as ""xie."" The possessive
version is ""zir"" or ""xir"" or, sometimes, ""hir.""
* * *
* * *
* * *
end
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033405.txt,"From: J [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 3/17/2019 10:18:39 PM 
To: Larry Summers 
Subject: Re: Call from New Yorker. 
Helen fisher- anatomy of love - you might find amusing 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 4:35 PM Larry Summers < > wrote: 
Home Boston. Will try to call 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 4:21 PM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
where are you? 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 2:16 PM Larry Summers < 
I hear you. 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 12:26 PM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
last i looked ( sic), you do not have ovaries. 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 12:24 PM Larry Summers 
That is true. 
Interesting. I take a serious note from someone as a deed not words. 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at:___________________ 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 12:17 PM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
> wrote: 
> wrote: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033405 
you can be both thoughtful and face to face 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 11:48 AM Larry Summers ‹> wrote: 
?.. 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 9:49 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
coming from you -- not mutually exclusive 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 9:45 AM Larry Summers <____________________________> wrote: 
Hmmm. 
I think sometimes written communication shows seriousness of thought but see your point 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 9:11 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
this is only the first quarter of the game. if you call a time out, its on the field and done with dignity, you 
cant retreat into the locker room and send a note to the opposing side. in the next quarter she will 
appreciate whatever you've said with respect and founded on strength. you care very much for this 
person. you might want to demonstrate that. a note does the very opposite. . its like trump firing 
comey. :) 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 9:01 AM Larry Summers <____________________________> wrote: 
It was latter. Why bad form. Supposed to be face to face? 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 8:54 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
unclear if you meant you ve written notes to yourself re exit or a note you were thinking of sending 
- BAD FORM if latter. you both have still not agreed the rules of the game. so difficult to play . you 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033406 
have laid out - this is what i want. . but actually, how it would work, and what her freedoms are. could 
be . yours.. are essential to the plan. I think much of this is your uncertainty and not hers. sorry. and 
yours is infectious 
On Sun, Mar 17, 2019 at 8:48 AM Larry Summers < > wrote: 
Ok. Best to make reversible errors 
I've written note for exit strategy 1. Not going to send for few days. 
Going to treat it all as a game till I maybe see her in Beijing and out of character ignore and look past her 
bad behavior. 
Best to stop obsessing. 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Mar 17, 2019, at 8:42 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
COM 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033407 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033408 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033409 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030335.txt,"From: Martin Weinberg

Sent: 1/30/2015 5:54:21 PM
To: Jeff Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]; Darren Indyke P
Subject: Fwd: Media Enquiry - The Guardian - Re: Jeffrey Epstein

Importance: — High

Sent from my iPhone
Begin forwarded message:

From: David Pegg

Date: January 30, 2015, 12:00:34 PM EST
C;éCC

Subject: Fwd: Media Enquiry - The Guardian - Re: Jeffrey Epstein

Dear Mr Weinberg,
I hope this email finds you well. I am a journalist at The Guardian newspaper in London.

We are preparing for publication an article in which we may mention Mr Jeffrey Epstein, who is your client.
We have sent Mr Epstein an email concerning this article and made a number of attempts to contact him, to
which he has not responded.

Please see the email in question below. Should Mr Epstein wish to respond, please ensure that we receive his
response by no later than 18:00 on Monday 2nd February 2015.

I would be grateful if you could acknowledge receipt of this email.

Yours faithfully,

David Pegg
The Guardian
Kings Place
90 York Way
London

N1 9GU

1
Eni:

a Forwarded message ----------

From: David Peg, <i

Date: 29 January 2015 at 16:49
Subject: Re: Media Enquiry - The Guardian - Re: Jeffrey Epstein
To: Jeffrey@jeffreyepstein.org

Dear Mr Epstein,

I write further to an email sent to you earlier this month, concerning an article we are preparing for publication
in which you may be mentioned.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030335
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029670.txt,"De ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee a

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029670
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013396.txt,"Edwards adv. Epstein
Case No.: 502009CA040800XXXXMBAG
Second Renewed Motion for Leave to Assert Claim for Punitive Damages

Section 768.72 provides for the amendment of a complaint either through evidence in the
record or “proffered by the claimant.” As the statute suggests, a proffer of evidence in support
of a punitive damage claim is sufficient and a formal evidentiary hearing is not required. See
Strasser v. Yalmanchi, 677 So.2d 22, 23 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996), rev. dismissed, 699 So.2d 1372
(Fla. 1997); Solis v. Calvo, 689 So.2d 366, 369, n.2 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997). In fact, a hearing is not
even required provided the trial court identifies the filings of the parties and indicates that its
decision to grant the motion is based upon a review of the file and the respective documents
- ~ filed. eben he ERIE EAT SE ne 7
| : «The United States District Court for the Middle Distiie of Florida has spoken eteaily ba? cecal tana
the nature of a proffer in support of a motion to amend to assert a claim for punitive damages in
Royal Marco Point I Condo. Ass'n, Inc. v. OBE Ins. Corp., 2010 WL 2609367 (M.D. Fla. June
30, 2010). As the Court stated: |

It is important to emphasize, at the outset, the limited nature of the review a court
may undertake in considering the sufficiency of an evidentiary proffer under Fla.
Stat. §768.72. Courts reviewing such proffers have recognized that “a ‘proffer’
according to traditional notions of the term, connotes merely -an ‘offer’ of
evidence and neither the term standing alone nor the statute itself calls for an
adjudication of the underlying veracity of that which is submitted, much less for
countervailing evidentiary submissions.” Estate of Despain v. Avante Group,
Inc., 900 So.2d 637, 642 (Fla. Sth DCA 2005) (quoting State of Wisconsin
Investment Board v. Plantation Square Associates, Ltd, 761 F. Supp. 1569, 1581
n. 21 (S.D. Fla. 1991)).

Therefore, “an evidentiary hearing where witnesses testify and evidence is offered
and scrutinized under the pertinent evidentiary rules, as in a trial, is neither
contemplated nor mandated by the statute in order to determine whether a
reasonable basis has been established to plead punitive damages.” Jd. (collecting
cases).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013396
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011739.txt,"By then, however, I was no longer chief of staff. In fact, barely ten weeks
after the kidnapping, I handed over to Amnon Lipkin. I left the kirya proud of
all I had sought to accomplish during my 36 years in uniform. I also realized
there had also been failures and setbacks, none more painfully fresh than our
inability to rescue Nahshon Wachsman. But I was about to find that the area of
Israeli life which I now chose to enter — national politics — could be a battlefield
as well. And that when trouble hit, even your allies sometimes ducked for cover.

268
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011739
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033411.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 4/21/2019 1:22:00 PM 
To: JONATHAN FARKAS 
Subject: Re: 
fun 
On Sun, Apr 21, 2019 at 3:21 PM JONATHAN FARKAS <> wrote: 
Somers and I talked to trump and Melania last night He looked and seemed very tired but upbeat 
Sent from my iPhone 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033411 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030321.txt,"From: Weingarten, Reid as

Sent: 4/9/2018 9:11:24 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: RE: Re:

Importance: — High

Trump’s handpicked sdnyusa just authorized a search warrant of trump’s private lawyer’s office looking for trump
communications....had to justify it with crime-fraud exception....trump has to be shitting water

From: jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: Monday, April 09, 2018 4:34 PM

To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re:

yds 8

On Mon, Apr 9, 2018 at 4:14 PM, Weingarten, Reid i ___ wrote:

We on for tomorrow?

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.

From: jeffrey E.

Sent: Monday, April 9, 2018 8:36 AM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re:

Yes, time?

On Mon, Apr 9, 2018 at 2:34 PM Weingarten, Reid <> wrote:

Bfast?

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.
From: jeffrey E.
Sent: Monday, April 9, 2018 8:10 AM

To: Weingarten, Reid
Subject: Re:

Tomorrow?

On Mon, Apr 9, 2018 at 1:44 PM Weingarten, Reid > wrote:

Today and tomorrow

Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.
From: jeffrey E.
Sent: Monday, April 9, 2018 2:39 AM

To: Weingarten, Reid
Subject:

are you in this week?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030321
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027976.txt,"When I took the plan to Eli Zeira, he was reading an issue of the French
newsmagazine /’/'xpress and snacking on salted almonds from a dish on his
desk. As I ran through the reason we’d come up with the plan — the bourgeoning
power of Arafat and Fatah in Lebanon — he peered at me over his reading
glasses and nodded. As I set out the details of the attack plan, he listened, with
no obvious sign of approval or rejection. But after I'd finished, he dismissed it
out of hand. He said that Arafat was no longer the battlefield commander whose
forces had fought Israel in Karameh. “He’s fat. He’s political,” he said. “He is
not a target for this kind of operation.”

After the Sabena hostage-rescue, Dado and the other senior officers in the
kirya did seem more receptive to our trying to initiate operations, especially the
plan to seize Syrian officers and trade them for the Israeli pilots. But such a
mission required not just military or intelligence approval. Dayan, and possibly
Golda as well, would have to sign off, and there was little immediate sign of
that. But, once again, events on the ground would force the issue. Early on the
morning of June 9, our intelligence intercepts gave us notice that the next day, a
group of senior Syrian officers was going to make an inspection visit to the
eastern part of the Lebanese border area with Israel. We would have to move
quickly. Within the space of 12 hours, we’d need to plan the attack, organize,
equip and brief the assault teams, make the three-and-a-half-hour drive north,
and cross into Lebanon.

Still, I was determined to try, which marked the start of two of my most
frustrating weeks as Sayeret Matkal commander. The place where we planned
to abduct the Syrians was an area I knew personally: the sparsely settled strip of
land where Lebanon, Syria and Israel met, not far from where I’d helped
“capture” several Syrian villages on the final day of the 1967 war. With the
convoy expected to pass through the next morning, we crossed the border a little
before midnight on June 9. We lay in ambush in dense vegetation a few meters
off a curve in the road, further reducing the time the Syrians would have to react
once they saw us. I stationed two other sayeret teams a few hundred yards away
in either direction, so they could cut off the road once we attacked.

But as the convoy was approaching, I was suddenly contacted by the sayeret
officer we’d stationed in the command post back in Israel. He relayed a message
from Motta Gur, the head of the northern command. Its intelligence unit said
there was a Lebanese Army checkpoint a quarter-mile from the ambush site.

Motta himself was in the south, with Dado, watching a tank exercise. So I
had no way of talking to him. I replied through the officer in the command post.

128
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027976
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024836.txt,"COWEN
COLLABORATIVE INSIGHTS

20

February 25, 2019

iii. Various combinations of the aforementioned precursors then combine in the
third pathway to yield parent cannabinoid molecules (e.g., cannabigerolic acid
or CBGA).

iv. These parent cannabinoids are then modified in the fourth pathway to produce
cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid
(CBDA). These acids can be transformed into a non-acid form using synthases,
producing the terminal cannabinoid form.

Figure 11 Biosynthetic Cannabinoid Production Pathways

Glucose

Pyruvate @=

Acetyl-CoA @==

TCA Cycle

Source: Cowen and Company

Cannabinoid Production Using Fermentation

To power the aforementioned pathways, water and glucose (or a cannabinoid substrate)
are added to the microbe (e.g., yeast) in a bioreactor. Under fermentation, the yeast will
consume the glucose and produce the desired cannabinoid.

This culture is incubated for ~3-5 days to produce sufficient cannabinoid intermediaries.
Afterwards, the fermentation mixture is separated and combined with a non-toxic

solvent to extract and purify the cannabinoids.

Recent Cannabinoid Partnerships In Synthetic Biology

With the recent legalization of cannabis in several countries and U.S. states and growing
acceptance of its utility, many recent notable partnerships have been created on the
potential of synthetic cannabinoid production. We highlight two such agreements from
the past few months below.

Amyris / Undisclosed Partner (February 2019; Valued Up to $255MM)

In February 2019, Amyris announced that it has signed an agreement for cannabinoid
development, licensing, and commercialization in a partnership valued at up to $255MM
(not including royalties for commercial products) with an undisclosed partner. The
$255MM in payments include an upfront payment and the remainder is linked to
milestones that are expected over the next 12-36 months. The partner is expected to
provide initial, lab-based and later commercial-scale milestone cash payments in
tranches for the development and scaling of technology to produce CBD.

COWEN.COM

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024836
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012230.txt,"2

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

MP:

MP:

MP:

By yourself?

Yes, but | thought that i cause she said she was gonna get paid, so |
though and the girl was gonna get paid in like, you know, like private,
privacy and cause it was just him and her and the other giri in the kitchen. And
so | went upstairs and as | was walking upstairs, there was a picture of him in like
a different country and then I'm like that's really cool and the lady said isn’t it and
she was just walking upstairs and there was like a door and then, it was like to a
little (inaudible) this big and it had a couch and a couch and it was like another
watkway towards that way. And then walked towards, like keep walking forward
and then to my right and there was a bedroom and then we turned right again
and there was a big bathroom, a big...it was humongous. And the bathroom. It
wasn't like a bathroom, bathroom, it was like a sitting area with a shower there.
Humongous shower. Like a jillion people could be in that shower. And then it
was humongous. And there was like a door here and you opened it and there
was like a little desk with paper and pads and stuff. And | don’t know (inaudible)
like sitting on the couch right here, like against my... there’s big long couch. And
it was pink and green. Hot pink and green. And there.....

The room or the sofa?

The sofa.

Okay.

And there’s a table with a phone on it. And um, during when | was giving him a
massage, he made a phone call but ! don’t remember whether he just said, like
he said four words and then hung up. Yeah, | don't remember. And he made a

Page 20 of 43

03136

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012230
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030768.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 6/21/2017 2:34:14 PM

To:

Subject: Re: How are u? Send this interview to Donald Trump pls. Its going to be everywhere
ok

On Wed, Jun 21, 2017 at 10:33 AM, nnn wrote:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIMzSfOVwEk&sns=em

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030768
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031476.txt,"Lawyers for U.S.-based
Turkish cleric fear
attacks on his life

WASHINGTON | BY JULIA HARTE

Lawyers for U.S.-based Turkish cleric Fethullah Gulen said on
Friday they feared attacks on his life following Turkey's
demands that he be extradited to face allegations that he
ordered a failed coup against the government last month.

The lawyers said they expected Gulen, who has denied any
involvement in the July 15 coup attempt, will remain in his
remote mountain compound in Pennsylvania.

""We have read concerns from Turkey that Mr. Gulen, this
elderly, frail religious leader, is going to flee to another country,""
said Steptoe & Johnson LLP attorney Reid Weingarten on
Friday, calling such allegations ""absurd.""

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has blamed Gulen for the
violence, in which Erdogan said 237 people were killed
excluding the plotters and more than 2,100 wounded, and said
the United States should extradite him to Turkey. The U.S.
government has not done so, and the dispute has raised
questions about relations between the two allies.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031476
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017967.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 4 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 5 of 18

Support investigative journalism

The Miami Herald obtained thousands of FBI and court records, lawsuits, and witness depositions, and went to federal court in New York to access sealed documents in the reporting of ""Perversion of

Justice."" The Herald also tracked down more than 60 women who said they were victims, some of whom had never spoken of the abuse before.

Your digital subscription, starting at $0.99 for the first month, supports investigative journalism like this.

CLICK TO SUBSCRIBE

Some of Epstein’s victims will finally have an opportunity to testify for the first time as part of the Dec. 4 case in state court in Palm Beach County. It pits
Fort Lauderdale attorney Bradley Edwards against Epstein, who had accused Edwards of malfeasance in his representation of several victims.

Jack Scarola, the attorney representing Edwards, said Epstein should be held accountable for his unrelenting attacks against Edwards — as well as others
who were involved in his case.

“We are going to demonstrate through this case that no one — no matter how much money they have — can abuse children and then attempt to bully
those who come to the defense of children,” said Scarola, a former state prosecutor.

Florida and beyond

Few people had as much insight into Epstein’s lifestyle — and its international reach — as Virginia Roberts. By age 16, Roberts had lived a life that was
beyond that of most high school girls.

At 11, she says, she was sexually molested by a family friend. At 12, she was smoking pot and skipping school. At 13, she was in and out of foster homes, and
at 14, she was on the street.

In Miami, the runaway became a captive of a 65-year-old sex trafficker, Ron Eppinger. For months, she says, she was sexually abused, kept in an
apartment and pimped out to pedophiles. After his indictment in 2000 on trafficking charges, Roberts returned to West Palm Beach and tried to heal.

~*
>

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017967
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031310.txt,"From: steven hoffenberg >

Subject: Fwd: JAMES PATTERSON NEW BOOK TELLING FEDS COVER UP OF BILLIONAIRE
JEFF EPSTEIN CHILD RAPES RELEASE DATE OCT 10 2016 STEVEN HOFFENBERG IS ON
THE BOOK WRITING TEAM !!!!

Date: August 11, 2016 at 9:42:25 AM EDT
7

Steven J. Hoffenberg
New York Post Publishing INC.
CEO

WHAM INC THE PUBLIC COMPANY OWNS THE BELOW OPERATIONS

TOWERSINVESTORS.COM
CEO

SEE

WWW.POST PUBLISHING.BUZZ THE JESUS CHRIST ON LINE GODs WORD NEWSPAPER
MR HOFFENBERG ONLINE NEWSPAPER
PUBLICSPEAKINGWALLSTREET.COM

Begin forwarded message:

From: steven hoffenberg <i TT

Date: August 11, 2016 at 9:36:01 AM EDT

To: ""Players2 .""

Subject: JAMES PATTERSON NEW BOOK TELLING FEDS COVER

UP OF BILLIONAIRE JEFF EPSTEIN CHILD RAPES RELEASE DATE OCT 10 2016 STE
VEN HOFFENBERG IS ON THE BOOK WRITING TEAM 2!!!

C EO STEVEN HOFFENBERG / TRUMP SUPER PAC/ GET OUR JOBS BACK INC
TO ROGER STONE

CHILD RAPE BILLIONAIRE JEFF EPSTEIN NEW TELL ALL JAMES PATTERSON BOOK F
EDS COVER UP NO FED ARREST OF MASS CHILD RAPIST BILLIONAIRE JEFF EPSTEIN

STEVEN HOFFENBERG IS TAKING BACK THE NEW YORK POST NEWSPAPER OPERATION
S ttt

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031310
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025296.txt,"LAFFER ASSOCIATES

Supply-Side Investment Research May 19, 2016

10-yr T-Note: 1.86% DJIA: 17,526.62 NASDAQ: 4,739.12 S&P 500: 2,047.63 S&P 500 Undervalued: 151.8%

GAME ON [Updated 7/6/2016]
By Arthur B. Laffer, Ph.D.

Summary
To save you the agony of plodding through this fascinating, information-rich paper, I'll get straight to the point: Donald Trump

will be the next President of the United States after having won an easy victory over Hillary Clinton in November 2016. The
reasons:

|.) | Section one shows that the essential characteristics of the narrative for the Trump campaign and the Reagan campaign
of 1980 are surprisingly similar, which would point to a Trump landslide.

ll.) Section two describes the poor state of the current economy using detrended GDP per adult, the ratio of employment-
to-adult-population and new home sales per 1,000 adults and how these measures strongly indicate a Republican
victory.

lll.) Using historical data for the Gallup poll question “are you satisfied” and presidential election dates, this section would
point to an overwhelming Republican win in November 2016.

IV.) Relying on voter turnout data this year versus earlier years and party selection, the Republicans have a large advantage
coming into the Fall election.

V.) Basing our forecast on the past eight years of Congressional elections—House and Senate—as well as state elections
of house, senate and governors, the Republicans should be exceedingly confident about the upcoming presidential
election.

VI.) Taking careful measure of what both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump have done in the public eye, Trump has the
issues on his side.

I. 1979-1980 How the Reagan Revolution Began
In early 1979, a group of Ronald Reagan acolytes—some 10 to 15 in total—got together in Justin Dart’s office at Rexall (the

corner of La Cienega and Beverly) and there they formed the original Reagan Executive Advisory Committee. With very few
exceptions (initially only me), this group had been called Reagan’s Kitchen Cabinet. Those present and those also invited
included Justin Dart, Holmes Tuttle, Jack Wrather, Bill French Smith, Bill Wilson, Earle Jorgensen, Ben Biaggini, Ted
Cummings, Alfred Bloomingdale, Charles Wick, Henry Salvatori et moi. | was the youngest of the group by three decades.
And, in fact, the only way Justin Dart could convince the others to let me be a member was that they needed someone to keep
the minutes of the meetings, i.e. as a secretary. In speaking with a reporter about the Kitchen Cabinet, here’s what Jus Dart
had to say: “In addressing the question of how many of Reagan's friends actually qualify as members, Dart said: ‘Damn fewer
than is generally advertised.’”""' That just says it all.

The purpose of this committee was to provide guidance and support to the emerging presidential candidacy of one Ronald
Reagan. The members were to a person close, close, close friends and supporters of Ronald Reagan or husbands of Nancy
Reagan’s best friends. And the race for the White House began.

During this pre-primary and primary process, Ronald Reagan was disrespected and abused by a significant segment of the
Republican establishment. He was called an empty suit, a trigger-happy California cowboy, only an actor, a person who
spoke words others wrote, a racist, a bigot, a divorcée, a war monger and the man who would start the Third World War. My
favorite slur came from none other than the Democratic Party’s “éminence grise” Clark Clifford? who referred to Ronald
Reagan as an “amiable dunce.” The torrent of anti-Reagan epithets never stopped.

1 “industrialist Justin Dart has declared President Reagan's ‘kitchen cabinet',” United Press International, March 26, 1981.
http:/Awww.upi.com/Archives/1981/03/26/Industrialist-Justin-Dart-has-declared-President-Reagans-kitchen-cabinet/4240354430800/

2 There is a display at the Young Americans Foundation in Santa Barbara of a number of these anti-Reagan videos by any number of Republican and
Democratic stalwarts.
> As if receiving divine retribution for his nasty ways, Clark Clifford, who served as Secretary of Defense for President Johnson and as an advisor to
Presidents Truman, Kennedy and Carter, was indicted in the early 1990s on charges of conspiracy, fraud and bribery surrounding the Bank of Credit
and Commerce International scandal.
For more, see: http:/Avww.nytimes.com/1998/1 0/1 1/us/clark-clifford-a-major-adviser-to-four-presidents-is-dead-at-91.html?pagewanted=all

103 Murphy Court, Nashville, TN 37203 (615) 460-0100 FAX (615) 460-0102

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025296
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033377.txt,"From: Jide Zeitlin 
Sent: 5/4/2018 4:40:15 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
Importance: High 
Yes. 
On May 4, 2018, at 12:39 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Easy. Does 11 work 
On Fri, May 4, 2018 at 12:37 AM Jide Zeitlin 111.1=1.1=> wrote: 
Meetings here in PB are winding down. How's your day look tomorrow? 
Separately, do you know Oleg Deripaska or Ivan Glasenberg? 
On May 3, 2018, at 3:59 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
No worry both problem and solution will still be there -) 
On Thu, May 3, 2018 at 2:30 AM Jide Zeitlin < > wrote: 
Unfortunately, bin Sulayem and I did not meet. I was stuck at the White House and he had a narrow window 
before heading to Cyprus. I just sent him the following note: 
""Good Morning, I hope your travels to Cyprus were smooth. 
Okey Enelamah, Nigeria's trade minister, stopped by my home this evening as he was still in town after 
Buhari's visit with Trump. He mentioned his discussions with you at WEF and afterwards. Separately, I 
spoke earlier with the Vice President. 
Whenever we meet, I have some thoughts that may be helpful to you."" 
On May 2, 2018, at 11:05, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
he is cahriman of bubai world ports. african ports a new focus he built the palm 
islands. is totally trustworthy 
On Wed, May 2, 2018 at 10:55 AM Jide Zeitlin < > wrote: 
Thank you for the introduction. Do you have a better sense of what he needs? Also, what's his 
WhatsApp/mobile so I can confirm details for today? 
When's best on Friday for me to visit with you? 
Bibi's speech was a bit of a dead letter on Europe. 
please note 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033377 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033378 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030447.txt,"John Humphrys is the Radio 4 Today programme presenter, whose forensic and sometimes
aggressive interviews with figures in authority inspire love and loathing in equal measure. The
Observer's television critic once wrote that if he ever found himself sitting next to Humphrys at a
dinner party he would probably drive a fork through his hand. The Tory politician Jonathan
Aitken accused him of ‘poisoning the well of democratic debate’, a comment which prompted an
outburst of support for Humphrys, with the Daily Mail describing him as ‘one of the most brilliant

journalists in the country’.

This autumn, as Humphrys steps down after 32 years at Today and publishes a long-awaited
memoir, he comes to the Intelligence Squared stage to give an exclusive, behind-the-scenes

account of his extraordinary career.

Turning the tables on Humphrys and pitching the questions will be his Today colleague Justin
Webb. Humphrys will recount the momentous episodes of his career, such as his interview with
BBC correspondent Andrew Gilligan in 2003. Gilligan claimed that the government had
deliberately ‘sexed up’ the dossier on the threat posed by Saddam Hussein in order to justify
the Iraq War. A chain of events ensued, including the suicide of the dossier’s source, Dr David
Kelly, severe damage to Tony Blair's reputation and the Hutton and Chilcot inquiries into the
war. And then there was the time Humphrys helped to get his own boss fired. His tough
interview with the BBC Director General George Entwistle, days after the BBC had made false
child abuse allegations against Lord McAlpine, lead to Entwistle’s resignation after a mere 53

days in the job.
Join us on October 9 and hear Humphrys’ previously untold stories about politicians, celebrities

and the BBC, and give his trenchant views on the role of the media in politics and the health of

our political system.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030447
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012936.txt,"20 2 What Is Human-Like General Intelligence?

[Goel0c]. A general intelligence is then understood as one that can do this for a variety of
complex goals in a variety of complex environments.

However, apart from positing definitions, it is difficult to say anything nontrivial about gen-
eral intelligence in general. Marcus Hutter [Hut05] has demonstrated, using a characterization
of general intelligence similar to the one above, that a very simple algorithm called AIXI” can
demonstrate arbitrarily high levels of general intelligence, if given sufficiently immense com-
putational resources. This is interesting because it shows that (if we assume the universe can
effectively be modeled as a computational system) general intelligence is basically a problem of
computational efficiency. The particular structures and dynamics that characterize real-world
general intelligences like humans arise because of the need to achieve reasonable levels of intel-
ligence using modest space and time resources.

The “patternist” theory of mind presented in [GoeQ6a] and briefly summarized in Chap-
ter 3 below presents a number of emergent structures and dynamics that are hypothesized to
characterize pragmatic general intelligence, including such things as system-wide hierarchical
and heterarchical knowledge networks, and a dynamic and self-maintaining selfmodel. Much of
the thinking underlying CogPrime has centered on how to make multiple learning components
combine to give rise to these emergent structures and dynamics.

2.1.2 What Is Human-like General Intelligence?

General principles like “complex goals in complex environments” and patternism are not suf-
ficient to specify the nature of human-like general intelligence. Due to the harsh reality of
computational resource restrictions, real-world general intelligences are necessarily biased to
particular classes of environments. Human intelligence is biased toward the physical, social and
linguistic environments in which humanity evolved, and if AI systems are to possess humanlike
general intelligence they must to some extent share these biases.

But what are these biases, specifically? This is a large and complex question, which we seek
to answer in a theoretically grounded way in Chapter 9. However, before turning to abstract
theory, one may also approach the question in a pragmatic way, by looking at the categories of
things that humans do to manifest their particular variety of general intelligence. This is the
task of the following section.

2.2 Commonly Recognized Aspects of Human-like Intelligence

It would be nice if we could give some sort of “standard model of human intelligence” in this
chapter, to set the context for our approach to artificial general intelligence — but the truth is
that there isn’t any. What the cognitive science field has produced so far is better described as:
a broad set of principles and platitudes, plus a long, loosely-organized list of ideas and results.
Chapter 5 below constitutes an attempt to present an integrative architecture diagram for
human-like general intelligence, synthesizing the ideas of a number of different AGI and cognitive
theorists. However, though the diagram given there attempts to be inclusive, it nonetheless
contains many features that are accepted by only a plurality of the research community.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012936
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029116.txt,"return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029116
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019132.txt,"JaMEs PATTERSON

“we're here to see Jeff,” says Wendy.
The guard nods— of course you are—and leads them to the

side door.

They're in the kitchen now. Mary, Wendy, some middle-aged
man. The man has a long face, bushy eyebrows, and thick silver
hair—and he’s fit. As fit as the jocks that Mary goes to school
with, Not attractive, exactly. He’s way too old for that. But confi-
dent, in a way that makes an impression.

Standing behind the man there’s a woman. She’s blond, very
pretty, much taller than Wendy.

What a strange scene, Mary thinks. She can’t shake the feeling
that the man is studying her. Then he nods, and he and Wendy
walk out of the kitchen. A little while later, they're back.

“Sarah,” the man says to the tall woman. “You can take Mary

upstairs.”

Sarah takes Mary up a wide winding staircase carpeted in pink.
Together they walk down a hall that’s got photographs on the
wall—naked women. Long curtains cover windows and don't
let in much light. In the air, there's a strong lavender fragrance.

Then they come to a room containing a green-and-pink sofa.
There’s a large bathroom off to one side and doors on either side
of the sofa. There’s a wooden armoire with sex toys on it. There’s
a massage table, too, and a mural of a naked woman.

“wait here,” says Sarah. “Jeff will be up in a moment.”

Mary’s too freaked out to do anything else. Fidgeting with

her belt loops, she sits on the sofa, jumps up again.

16

Then she sees the pictu

All the girls in the pho’
just a baby.

Much younger than Mz

The, girl’s smiling, bu
else—some sort of anxiet
face. And what she’s doin;
off to the side. Flashing or

ee ee Neel cae

toward the camera.

Mary gasps. She turns
in front of her, wearing not

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019132
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032396.txt,"From: ken Starr

Sent: 12/25/2016 7:39:30 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
A prince art thou. Thank you.

Just agreed to handle an appeal -- billion-dollar jury verdict in federal court against Johnson & Johnson. Get
ready: Representing the hip-replacement plaintiffs. Good friends on both sides.

Love ya.

Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 25, 2016, at 12:39 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

thx
hope this year brings you true peace. you deserve it

On Sun, Dec 25, 2016 at 12:46 PM, Ken Stari wrote:

Hope Santa (swim trunks donned), reindeer and sleigh successfully made it southward. Yuletide hugs, Ken
Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 18, 2016, at 5:59 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

if trump fully supports jasta , does that make the consitutional challenge moot?

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032396
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029499.txt,"From: Joichi to

Sent: 3/18/2016 11:50:05 AM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Anonymous after Trump

Importance: — High

Are you tracking this?

http: //mic.com/articles/138244/anonymous-just-made-good-on-its-war-against-donald-trump-in-one-massive-
cyberattack?utm_source=pol icymicFB&utm_medium=main&utm_campaign=social#.arje8kIP9

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029499
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030149.txt,"From: Martin G. Weinberg 
Sent: 5/29/2019 5:19:07 PM 
To: 'J Deevacation@gmail.com] 
CC: 
Subject: CONFIDENTIAL 
Importance: High 
Privileged - Redacted 
Martin G. Weinberg, Esq. 
20 Park Plaza 
Suite 1000 
Boston, MA 02116 
Office 
Cell 
----------------------------------This Electronic Message contains information from the Law Office of Martin G. 
Weinberg, P.C., and may be privileged. The information is intended for the use of the addressee only. If you are not the 
addressee, please note that any disclosure, copying, distribution, or use of the contents of this message is prohibited. 
From: J <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2019 12:48 PM 
To: Martin G. Weinberg < 
Subject: Re: FW: Reporter question 
Privileged - Redacted 
On Wed, May 29, 2019 at 12:45 PM Martin G. Weinberg 
Martin G. Weinberg, Esq. 
20 Park Plaza 
Suite 1000 
Boston, MA 02116 
- Office 
- Cell 
wrote: 
----------------------------------This Electronic Message contains information from the Law Office of 
Martin G. Weinberg, P.C., and may be privileged. The information is intended for the use of the addressee only. If you 
are not the addressee, please note that any disclosure, copying, distribution, or use of the contents of this message is 
prohibited. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030149 
From: Kate Briquelet < 
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2019 12:34 PM 
To: Martin Weinberg < 
Subject: Re: Reporter question 
Hi Marty, 
Hope all is well. Noticed this Guardian story about Michael Wolff s new book, which states Donald Trump 
purchased a Palm Beach property Mr. Epstein had planned to buy, behind Mr. Epstein's back. And that Mr. 
Epstein threatened to expose Trump's shady real estate deals. Do you know anything about this? Does Mr. 
Epstein have any knowledge of illegal or suspicious dealings by President Trump? 
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/20 1 9/may/28/bannon-trump-organization-criminal-enterprise-
comments-michael-wolff-book 
Also, we plan on running a story this Friday about the Crime Victims' Rights Act suit, and the Jane Does' 
proposed remedies. The alleged victims want the U.S. Attorney's Office to rescind the immunity provisions in 
the NPA, and to pursue a prosecution against Mr. Epstein and his co-conspirators. Can you comment on this? 
Thanks so much! 
Kate 
Kate Briquelet 
Senior Reporter 
Join Beast Inside, our new membership program, to get more of the journalism you trust and love. 
Virus-free. www.avast.com  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030150 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030151 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010816.txt,"to OMA HM FF WN

NNN NNN YH ew ew eH eH eB BoB
NP WN MH O to OI HU PW HO

309

BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. And can you determine from the calendar
entries here where your wife is during the period of
time that's covered by these calendar entries?

A. I would have to look at a particular
entry. If it describes where she is, yes.

Q. Okay. Well, tell me where she is.

A. What day?

MR. SCOTT: Which one? What point?
BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. The period covered by this calendar
between December 7 and December 13.

A. What year?

Q. You know what, I can't tell you what year
it is from these calendars. So you tell me.

I suggest to you that this is a calendar
from December of 2000, since the next two months at
the top of the calendar are January 2001 and
February 2001. So let's assume that since it is a
page from a calendar that appears to be December of
2000, that it's December of 2000.

That would be a reasonable conclusion,
wouldn't it?

A. [have no idea.

Q. You don't know?

oo On HM &® WY

3412

December.

Q. One shows the subsequent two months and
the --

A. Okay.

Q. -- other one shows --

A. Yes.

Q. -- the preceding and following month,
correct?

A. Yes, that does look like it's December of
2000, yes.

Q. Okay, sir. So look at the calendar and
tell me where it appears your wife is during this

period of time.
A. The whole period of time?
MR. SCOTT: Picase read the exhibit, all
the pages, thoroughly, so that you have a full

context.
A. It says, A.D. in Boston. That means I was
in -- in Boston.

It says Charleston, New York. It says
book fair. It says book fair. It says A.D. in
Boston.

It then says the Halbrciches arrive.

They -- they were probably our gucsts.

310

A. I don't know. I mean, { don't know -- you
said you don't -- you can't tell what the year is,
so --

Q. Well, I'm telling --

A. -- [can't tell what the year is.

Q. -- you that it appears to be December 2000
because the next two months at the top of the

calendar are January of 2001 and February of 2001.

A. [only see -- I'm sorry, we're probably
looking at different things. [ see November 2000,
December 2000. [ don't see January or anything like
that. Maybe you can show them to me. Oh, it's on
the first page.

Q. First page, yes, sir.

A. So it's in reverse order.

Yeah, so the pages are in reverse order.
The first page says on top January 2001,
February 2001 and the second page says
November 2000, December 2000, yeah.

Q. So it appears we're looking at
December 2000, correct?

A. When we're looking at which page? When
we --

Q. Both pages.

A. Well, one is January/February and one is

wo ord numb Wn Pe

NNNNN NEY He eH He BB
Me WN eH Cw ONY AU PWN HO

BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. Your guests at home in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, right?

A. No, i don't know. [ don't know.

Halbreiches arrive.

And I can't really tell from here where
Carolyn is. McDonalds -- let's see, this is 2000
and what year? 2001. 2000. Yeah, yeah.

So tell me what you're looking for. I'll
try to --

Q. I want to know where your wife was during
this period of time if you can tell from the
calendar entries.

A. Well, she may have been in -- there's
something about Charleston. There's something about
New York. There's something about me being in
Boston. | really can't tell much beyond that.

Q. Okay. So you don't know one way or
another from these calendar entries where your wife
was during this period of time; is that correct?

A. [can't tell that from this entry, no.

Q. What we can tell from the entry in the
bottom right-hand corner --

MR. SCOTT: Which page?

A. Which page?

34 (Pages 309 to 312)

www.phippsreporting.com
(888) 811-3408

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010816
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028787.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 1/12/2012 4:57:10 PM
To:

Subject: Re: B 727 thought
yes

On Thu, Jan 12, 2012 at 4:23 PM, <T wrote:

you want me to call Tarek, instead? just to confirm.

In a message dated 1/12/2012 10:21:24 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes:
Call

Sorry for all the typos .Sent from my iPhone

On Jan 12, 2012, at 4:12 PM, i wrote:

Jeffrey,

this may be a long shot to save the Boeing deal, or if you think its a dead deal, disregard this.

| thought there was a connection between Tarek and myself, | do believe one concern was operation of Boeing with
flight crew. | Know its his problem not ours, but may help make the sale happen,.

| wrote this email for your review, if you think its worth sending, please critique, and let me know,. thank you:

Mr. Tarek El Sayed,
| hope this email finds you well, and believe worth communicating my thoughts to you.

| was surprised to hear that you decided against the purchase of our Super Boeing 727. | personally thought it was a great match
for your business needs in Qatar. If for any reason your decision was based on crew issues and charter needs in the Middle East,
I'd like to share some information that might prove beneficial to making you reconsider this purchase.

The pilot candidates | have lined up for your interview along with the possibility of David Rodgers joining your flight department
were as follows:

(at no time did | disclose location or persons to the following pilot candidates to protect your privacy.)

Robert Breslin, who is the former Chief Pilot of Mr. Donald Trump, Mr. Breslin flew the Boeing 727 and Boeing 757 owned by Mr
Trump. Mr Breslin is a fine man of 40 years of age estimate, with extensive VIP Boeing operations.

James Bartakowski, who has extensive flying experience in the Middle east, Africa and Europe régime. Mr. Bartakowski has also
been involved in charter operations in Africa and Middle East and has contacted me on several recent occasions with charters for
our Boeing 727, James has indicated there is the possibility of 40-60 hours per month charter operations for larger transport
category aircraft in your area. | believe there is a growing need for charter in the business community in Qatar and neighboring
countries.

Bruce Jafahri, who is a current Boeing 727 captain who lived in Doha for two years, and familiar with international operations of
Boeing 727 aircraft. Mr. Jafahri currently lives in California and ready for a new opportunity. Bruce is current in the Boeing 727 and
also flew Captain on the Boeing 747. Well qualified individual and personable.

Mr. El Sayed, as you have seen during our demo flight, our Boeing 727 is in impeccable condition, quite cabin and will provide
many years of charter and business flights your company. | believe the large business jet future in Qatar is growing and you will be
leading its path, and your initial investment in this purchase will not come close with other aircraft options on the market as you
may have seen already.

We are currently completing the C2C check on the Boeing, and as we have done in the past, assure you it will be a fine aircraft
when it leaves Flight Star Maintenance repair facility.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028787
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026210.txt,"From: es es |

Sent: 9/26/2017 7:28:46 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
women to drive in saudi .. bold move &
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 24, 2017, at 1:48 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

get some rest. I need you healthy

On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 6:46 AM, <i> wrote:
enjoy it sheik jeffrey & &

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 24, 2017, at 1:32 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

perfect. Ill be in paris oct 6

On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 6:31 AM, {> wrote:
i didnt get a good rest this month .. i think it is better to meet him in kuwait .. man do you love cuba that
much©

whenever you want .. november or before .. just send me an email and i will take care of your visit &
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 24, 2017, at 1:22 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

why are you up so early.? youneed rest. - !, I wanted you to know that If you think I should meet your
boss in New York , where there is less pomp Icandoso. / are you having fun?

On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 4:20 AM, <3 wrote:

i didnt understand what you mean? do you want me to stay? or you want to see my boss?
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 24, 2017, at 8:35 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

If you think wise I could come to New York sunday evening and also leave tues

On Sat, Sep 23, 2017 at 9:38 PM {qq wrote:

i got to ny today .. i hope you are having good time, as for my boss he is leaving tuesday .. i m travelling
back to europe tomorrow, if not, monday for sure. lets hope that we see you next in kuwait &

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026210
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024324.txt,"Table of Contents

FEES

EARNED

OR PAID OPTION ALL OTHER

IN CASH AWARDS COMPENSATION TOTAL
Ira Platt 100,000 _- — 100,000
Gregory Sullivan 95,000 — — 95,000
Dan Quayle 70,000 — — 70,000
Michael Maroone 90,000 — os 90,000

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION STRUCTURE

As of March 7, 2019, we compensate our non-employee directors according to the following structure:

DESCRIPTION AMOUNT
Annual retainer $60,000
Board meeting fees $2,000 per each board meeting in excess of six board meetings in any calendar year that a non-employee

director attends in person
Additional retainer for committee members $10,000 per committee

Additional retainer for chair of committee $20,000 for Audit Committee;
$15,000 for Compensation and Nominating Committee

Additional retainer for lead director $20,000

Additionally, upon the completion of our IPO, each current non-employee director received a one-time award of options to purchase an aggregate of
approximately 30,927 shares of our Class A common stock, vesting over three years, with an exercise price of $15. All non-employee directors are also
reimbursed for their reasonable expenses to attend meetings of our Board and related committees and otherwise attend to our business.

-16-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024324
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026659.txt,"From: Barbro Ehnbor S|

Sent: 1/24/2017 9:56:23 PM
To:
Subject: Fwd: Do a good deed today...

Attachments: Don’t make America sick again.docx

Importance: — High

Easy enough! :-)

From:

To: Barbro Ennbom

Sent: Tue, Jan 24, 2017 4:45 pm
Subject: Fwd: Do a good deed today...

Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From a <>
Date: January 24, 2017 at 4:17:59 PM EST

To:
Subject: Do a good deed today...

Here's something simple we all can do today...

Diana Chapman Walsh was president of Wellesley College 8 years ago. She recently emailed her former colleagues the
following idea:

Listen Up! The Republicans need to get the message from the majority of Americans that we value and need the benefits
of Obamacare. Here’s how we do that.

On January 23rd, everyone who feels that way (our numbers are legion) sends a note to Donald Trump with a simple
message:

“Don’t make America sick again. Improve Obamacare. Don’t repeal it.""

One envelope for every ACA supporter in your household...even if they are under 18 years old.
Just that simple message. Put it in an envelope, and put a stamp on it.

On January 23rd, mail it to:

Pres. Donald Trump

1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW,
Washington, DC 20500

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026659
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015147.txt,"the words of Terence McKenna when he was a guest lecturer at Lewis &
Clark. He said, “Chaos is the tail that wags the dog.”

Damage control is the name of the game. It was Dick Morris who
advised Clinton to get a dog. Buddy, huh? They should’ ve named him
Photo-Op. It was also Dick Morris who suggested taping that ostensibly
candid scene of the First Couple dancing on the beach. And | would bet
my entire book advance that both Hillary and Bill knew ahead of time that
Dick Morris was going to release a trial balloon that /# the rumor about
Hillary being a lesbian were true, then it would be perfectly reasonable that
her husband would need to seek sexual gratification elsewhere.

In fact, the reason | think that Clinton’ s approval ratings have been
so high is because people can /dentify with him fooling around. | mean,
when Jimmy Carter admitted that he had lust in his heart, it was the
adultery vote that helped get him elected. And that was only lust in his
heart. Bill Clinton is an activist.

I' ve been reading a book, Spin Cycle by Howard Kurtz, and
there’ sa story in there about that time in 1996 when the president said
that he “might like to date” a shapely, 500-year-old mummy whose
remains were on display at the National Geographic Society. Later,

chatting after a few cocktails, Press Secretary Mike McCurry told a dozen

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015147
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016890.txt,"did not extinguish innovation as efficiently as it was extinguished among our forebears in
prehistory for thousands of centuries.”®

That is why I say that prehistoric people, at least, were barely people. Both before
and after becoming perfectly human both physiologically and in their mental potential,
they were monstrously inhuman in the actual content of their thoughts. I’m not referring
to their crimes or even their cruelty as such: Those are all too human. Nor could mere
cruelty have reduced progress that effectively. Things like “the thumbscrew and the
stake / For the glory of the Lord” ?° were for reining in the few deviants who had
somehow escaped mental standardization, which would normally have taken effect long
before they were in danger of inventing heresies. From the earliest days of thinking
onward, children must have been cornucopias of creative ideas and paragons of critical
thought— otherwise, as I said, they could not have learned language or other complex
culture. Yet, as Jacob Bronowski stressed in The Ascent of Man:

For most of history, civilisations have crudely ignored that enormous
potential... . [C]hildren have been asked simply to conform to the image
of the adult... . The girls are little mothers in the making. The boys are
little herdsmen. They even carry themselves like their parents.

But of course, they weren’t just “asked” to ignore their enormous potential and
conform faithfully to the image fixed by tradition: They were somehow trained to be
psychologically unable to deviate from it. By now, it is hard for us even to conceive of
the kind of relentless, finely tuned oppression required to reliably extinguish, in
everyone, the aspiration to progress and replace it with dread and revulsion at any novel
behavior. In such a culture, there can have been no morality other than conformity and
obedience, no other identity than one’s status in a hierarchy, no mechanisms of
cooperation other than punishment and reward. So everyone had the same aspiration in
life: to avoid the punishments and get the rewards. In a typical generation, no one
invented anything, because no one aspired to anything new, because everyone had
already despaired of improvement being possible. Not only was there no technological
innovation or theoretical discovery, there were no new worldviews, styles of art, or
interests that could have inspired those. By the time individuals grew up, they had in
effect been reduced to Als, programmed with the exquisite skills needed to enact that
static culture and to inflict on the next generation their inability even to consider doing
otherwise.

A present-day AI is not a mentally disabled AGI, so it would not be harmed by
having its mental processes directed still more narrowly to meeting some predetermined
criterion. “Oppressing” Siri with humiliating tasks may be weird, but it is not immoral
nor does it harm Siri. On the contrary, all the effort that has ever increased the
capabilities of Als has gone into narrowing their range of potential “thoughts.” For
example, take chess engines. Their basic task has not changed from the outset: Any
chess position has a finite tree of possible continuations; the task is to find one that leads
to a predefined goal (a checkmate, or failing that, a draw). But the tree is far too big to

8 Matt Ridley, in The Rational Optimist, rightly stresses the positive effect of population on the rate of
progress. But that has never yet been the biggest factor: Consider, say, ancient Athens versus the rest of the
world at the time.

*° Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Zhe Revenge (1878).

87

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016890
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030581.txt,"Date: Tuesday, March 8 2011 10:48 PM
Subject: Fwd: <no subject>
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>

To: ee

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: gmax <gmax1@ellmax.com >
Date: Tue, Mar 8, 2011 at 12:17 PM
Subject: <no subject>

To: J Jep <jeevacation@gmail.com >

Jeffrey and Ghislaine: Notes on New York's Oddest Alliance <

http://www. vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/03/notes- on-new-yorks-oddest-
couple-jeffrey-epstein-and-ghislaine-maxwell.html>

by Vicky Ward <http:/www.vanitvfair.com/contributors/vicky-_ ward>

March 8, 2011, 2:30 PM

“T’ve got a story idea for you. The rebuilding of Indonesia. Or New Orleans. Or both. Go there. P’ve just been. You will never
think the same way about anything again.”

So spoke not Bill or Melinda Gates, but Ghislaine Maxwell, the 48-year-old woman being written up everywhere at the moment
as the alleged “procurer” of young women for billionaire Jeffrey Epstein.

Epstein, 57, is the financier who spent a year in jail on charges of soliciting prostitutes—and now there is talk of another
investigation because various women, now in their twenties and thirties, have come forward with allegations that he molested
them when they were under-age. The allegations first surfaced in British newspapers, which have zeroed in on Epstein’s
friendship with Prince Andrew, who has recently tried to publicly disassociate himself from his old pal.

I wrote a piece for Vanity Fair in 2003 called “The Talented Mr. Epstein.” It was largely a business piece that focused on his
mysterious exit from Bear Stearns in 1981, his close relationships with Jimmy Cayne, Les Wexner, the chairman of Limited
Brands, and above all, the man who claimed to be his mentor, Steven Jude Hoffenberg, who is currently serving a 20-year-jail
sentence for bilking investors in Towers Financial out of $450 million.

The piece alluded to Epstein’s great friendship with Maxwell, and how she introduced him to young women with whom he had
sexual relationships. But, in the end, the story didn’t really go there, focusing instead on the issue that remains a mystery—how
Jeffrey made his money, and how Ghislaine made hers.

This is not to say I didn’t hear stories about the girls. I did. But, not knowing quite who to believe, I concentrated on the intriguing
financial mystery instead. But now the women have come back. Not the same ones, different ones. And their stories are bone-
chilling. Journalists from England have phoned—and, in one case, flown—to ask me about Epstein and Maxwell. Who is he?
And the British, especially, want to know: Who is she? At this point, Iam so bored of repeating myself to others—it was, after all,
my 2003 Vanity Fairstory that really brought him into the limelight—that I have decided to write about this myself.

Bizarrely, perhaps, I have gotten to know Jeffrey and Ghislaine far better after my piece than before it. | kept running into both of
them, separately, at parties. Jeffrey is not a social animal so he usually has a couple of young women with him who stand two feet
behind him, as if serving a monarch. “Do they speak?” I remember asking him once, nodding at his lookalike blondes. He
laughed. “Not like vou, Vicky,” was his riposte.

Iremembered that when we'd once discussed math—in particular, an isosceles triangle—and I revealed I hadn’t studied math

since I was 14 (such is, or was, the way of the British educational system), I received a package at home via messenger. It was a
book: “Math for idiots.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030581
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033230.txt,"From: Ani Anbar

Sent: 3/30/2017 11:01:20 AM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: PC - Business standard - Thu. 30 March 2017 : After trump phone call, govt weighs if Modi should visit US early

Attachments: RCS.scanner@relianceada.com_20170330_154847.pdf

Importance: — High
Dear Jeffrey,

Info.

BR,
Anil (3tfra)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033230
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025719.txt,"Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No
Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7735DF12-F1IF0-4AC3-8EF7-CA48653ACCAC

Worse would be married to the White Hous

Message:

Sender:

Time: 08/21/18 04:44:43 AM (556544683)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1A4AB687-3C8B-43EF-B6DA-3A87D0FDE775

Message: How could a grown man live with that

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/21/18 04:45:13 AM (556544713)

Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: A75C6A17-F947-4797-B214-1FF264F16A6C

Message: Have you seen Ivana

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/21/18 04:45:53 AM (556544753)

Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

T,

GUID: 307D12DE-FB20-46E6-ABCB-7DOD3DB5131F

Message:

08/21/18 04:47:09 AM

Could be Hillarys older sister

Time: (556544829)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

92BC3FC2-8776-43F0-B952-8AD6103549R4

GUID:

Message: Was she a madame Claude 'associate'?

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/21/18 04:47:40 AM (556544860)

Flags: 1085445

Ts Read: No

and inside Hillary

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025719
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017556.txt,"MOSHE SAFDIE

Moshe Safdie is an architect, urban planner, educator,
theorist, and author. Embracing a comprehensive and
humane design philosophy, Safdie is committed to
architecture that supports and enhances a project’s
program; that is informed by the geographic, social, and
cultural elements that define a place; and that responds to
human needs and aspirations. Safdie has completed a wide
range of projects, such as cultural, educational, and civic
institutions; neighborhoods and public parks; mixed-use
urban centers and airports; and master plans for existing
communities and entirely new cities around the world.

Major projects by Safdie Architects currently under
construction or recently completed include Mamilla Alrov
Center, a dynamic urban center near the Old City in Jerusalem;
Marina Bay Sands, a mixed-use integrated resort in Singapore;
Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex, the national museum
of the Sikh people in the Punjab, India; the United States
Institute of Peace Headquarters on the Mall in Washington,
D.C.; the National Campus for the Archeology of Israel in

Jerusalem; Golden Dream Bay, a high-density residential
project in Qinhuangdao, China; the Kauffman Center for the
Performing Arts in Kansas City, Missouri; and the Crystal
Bridges Museum of American Artin Bentonville, Arkansas.

Born in Haifa, Israel, in 1938, Safdie moved to
Canada with his family at a young age. He graduated from
McGill University in 1961 with a degree in architecture.
After apprenticing with Louis I. Kahn in Philadelphia, Safdie
returned to Montreal to oversee the master plan for the
1967 World Exhibition. In 1964 he established his own firm
to realize Habitat ’67, an adaptation of his thesis at McGill,
which was the central feature of the World’s Fair and a
groundbreaking design in the history of architecture.

In 1970, Safdie established a Jerusalem branch office,
commencing an intense involvement with the rebuilding of
Jerusalem. He was responsible for major segments of the
restoration of the Old City and the reconstruction of the new
center, linking the Old and New Cities. Over the years, his
involvement expanded and included the new city of Modi’in,

the new Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, and the Rabin
Memorial Center. During this period, Safdie also became

involved in the developing world, working in Senegal, Iran,
Singapore, and in the northern Canadian arctic. In 1978,
after teaching at Yale, McGill, and Ben Gurion Universities,
Safdie relocated his residence and principal office to Boston.
He served as Director of the Urban Design Program at
Harvard University Graduate School of Design from 1978 to
1984, and Ian Woodner Professor of Architecture and Urban
Design from 1984 to 1989. In the following decade, he was
responsible for the design of six of Canada’s principal public
institutions, including the Quebec Museum of Civilization, the
National Gallery of Canada, and Vancouver Library Square.
Safdie has worked with a wide range of clients,
including municipal entities and government agencies,
colleges and universities, private developers, and non-
profit organizations and civic institutions. Many of his
firm’s buildings have become beloved regional and
national landmarks, including Exploration Place Science
Center, Wichita, Kansas; Salt Lake City Public Library,
Salt Lake City, Utah; Peabody Essex Museum, Salem,
Massachusetts; Springfield Federal Courthouse, Springfield,
Massachusetts; Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles,
California; Lester B. Pearson International Airport,
Toronto, Canada; the National Gallery of Canada; and
Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem, Israel.
In addition to numerous articles on the theory
and practice of architecture, Safdie has written several
books, most notably, Beyond Habitat (1970), For Everyone a
Garden (1974), Form and Purpose (1982), and Jerusalem: The
Future of the Past (1989). The City After the Automobile (1997)
details Safdie’s ideas about urbanism and city planning. A
comprehensive monograph of his work, Moshe Safdie I, was
published in 1996. Moshe Safdie II, a second monograph
featuring work from 1996-2008, was published in 2009.
Safdie has been featured in several films, including
Moshe Safdie, The Power of Architecture, which is a portrait
film (directed by Donald Winkler, 2004), My Architect: A
Son’s Journey about Nathaniel Kahn and his father Louis
I. Khan (directed by Nathaniel Kahn, 2003), and The
Sound of the Carceri, about Bach and Piranesi, with Yo-
Yo Ma (directed by Francois Girard, 1997). In the fall of
2010, The National Gallery of Canada presented Global
Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie, an exhibition that
explores the architect’s buildings and design philosophy.
The exhibition is co-sponsored by Crystal Bridges Museum
of American Art and the Skirball Cultural Center.
Past exhibitions of Safdie’s designs include Building
a New Museum (Peabody Essex Museum, 2003-2004); Moshe
Safdie, Museum Architecture 1971-1998 (Tel Aviv University,
1998); Moshe Safdie, Projects: 1979-1989 (Harvard University
Graduate School of Design, 1989); and For Everyone a Garden
(Baltimore Museum of Art, National Gallery of Canada,
and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1973-1974).
Safdie has been the recipient of numerous
awards, honorary degrees, and civil honors, including
the Companion of the Order of Canada and the Gold
Medal of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017556
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031847.txt,"14

role for the world’s 1.2 billion Muslims — more than | billion of
whom are Sunni — as the birthplace of Islam and home of the two
holiest cities. Politically, its leaders enjoy broad domestic support,
and a growing nationalism has knitted the historically tribal country
more closely together. This is largely why widespread protests, much
anticipated by Western media in March, never materialized. As the
world’s sole energy superpower and the de facto central banker of the
global energy markets, Riyadh is the economic powerhouse of the
Middle East, representing 25 percent of the combined gross domestic
product of the Arab world. The kingdom has amassed more than
$550 billion in foreign reserves and is spending more than $150
billion to improve infrastructure, public education, social services
and health care. To counter the threats posed by Iran and
transnational terrorist networks, the Saudi leadership is authorizing
more than $100 billion of additional military spending to modernize
ground forces, upgrade naval capabilities and more. The kingdom 1s
doubling its number of high-quality combat aircraft and adding
60,000 security personnel to the Interior Ministry forces. Plans are
underway to create a “Special Forces Command,” based on the U.S.
model, to unify the kingdom’s various special forces if needed for
rapid deployment abroad. Saudi Arabia has the will and the means to
meet its expanded global responsibilities. In some issues, such as
counterterrorism and efforts to fight money laundering, the Saudis
will continue to be a strong U.S. partner. In areas in which Saudi
national security or strategic interests are at stake, the kingdom will
pursue its own agenda. With Iran working tirelessly to dominate the
region, the Muslim Brotherhood rising in Egypt and unrest on nearly
every border, there is simply too much at stake for the kingdom to
rely on a security policy written in Washington, which has backfired
more often than not and spread instability. The special relationship

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031847
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026881.txt,"RLK: So it’s a
proportional
response.
The rhetoric
in the press
is also
milder. US
has not been
called so
much of
bullying
anymore.
Also some of
China’s
tariffs are 5
percent as
well as 10
percent,
whereas the
US tariffs are
all 10
percent
[going up to
25 percent].
So China is
sending a
signal that it
wants to
ratchet this
down.

U.S. TARIFFS ON CHINA

= ae

EXAMPLES OF WHAT’S TARGETTED

Am

4. %

ie cos

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026881
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022755.txt,"out after two years and begins taking classes at the NYU’s Courant Institute
of Mathematics. Then, without a college degree, hence by a slight of hand,
gets a job teaching math and physics at Dalton in 1974. (A few years ago,
during a chance encounter with a former Dalton math department chairman,
Margo Gumport, I asked her about Epstein. She said he was the most
brilliant math teacher at Dalton in her 50-year career and that she had often
wondered what had become of him.)

It’s his first exposure to the wealthy. They have, he concludes, just as
many problems as the people in Coney Island, just different ones, almost
invariably involving divorce and money. “I found it interesting as a science
experiment,” he recalled recently as we chatted about his life. “It did not
really involve me. I could just stand back and watch.”

Dalton fathers were attracted to him. Punch Sulzberger, the publisher
of the New York Times, and a Dalton father at the time, tried to recruit
Epstein to come to the Times. (Epstein recounts a story of riding with
Sulzberger in his wood paneled station wagon to the family’s country estate
and Sulzberger talking to the chauffer on a phone from the backseat to the
front.)

In 1976, another Dalton father, asking “wouldn’t you rather be rich
than be a teacher?” introduced him to Bear Stern’s chief Ace Greenberg, a
conversation Epstein recounts as this:

Greenberg: “Everyone tells me you’re super smart in math and you’re
Jewish and you’re hungry...so why don’t you start working here
tomorrow?”

Epstein: “What?”

Greenberg: “If your supposed to be so fucking smart, don’t you
understand English?”

Epstein: “Ok. Count me in.”

Hence, Epstein, like many in the late 70s, arrived on Wall Street.

As will happen to a generation of others, by the fortuitous luck of
being on Wall Street at that point in time, Epstein is transformed by a new,
much faster, form of upward mobility than has ever before existed. With a
facility for mathematics as well as for getting along with rich men, he
transforms at an even faster rate than so many others who are also being
quickly transformed.

He moves into the penthouse of a new building at 66"" Street and
Second Avenue—still in the shadow of the Maxwell Plum era when the 60s
on Second was the glamour address—a building that was he says, as a fond
memory, full of “actresses, models, and euro trash.” (It would shortly

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022755
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016648.txt,"SPECIALIZED MEMBRANES FOR TREATMENT

2 @ RO membranes allow water

| particles (dissolved ions) to pass
through tiny screens, while
blocking salts

@ Highly specialized technology

é Large amounts of power required
to “push” water through the
membranes via pressure

é Pre-treatment important to
protect costly membranes

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016648
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021615.txt,"Page 1

09/30/08 19:07:21

09/30/2008

RREKKKEEEER CHILD LOCATE *i tiki

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

Case Number: 31E-MM-108062 Stat Agent Name: Report Date: 09/30/2008 b6é
Serial No.: Stat Agent SOC.: Accom Date.: 06/30/2008 b7¢c
b7E

Does Accomplishment Involve Assisting Agents SOC Subject Name

Drugs... eee eee eee :N [| | [

A Fugitive... .......HN |

Bankruptcy Fraud. ......2N |

Computer Fraud/Abuse. .... 2 N | RA Squad Task Force
Corruption of Public Officials: N . { Sti RRS RRR
Money Laundering. ......:N | PBC = PB2 SSPBC

Sub. Invest. Asst by Other FOs: = Used, but did not help
= Helped, Minimally

Helped, Substantially

1

2

Investigative Assistance or Technique Used 3
. 4

FINAN ANALYST
AIRCRAFT ASST
COMPUTER ASST

LAB FIELD SUP
PEN REGISTERS
PHOTO COVERGE

UCO - NAT BACK
NCAVC/VI-CAP
CRIM/NS INTEL

VICT-WITN COOR
IO WANTED FLYR
SARS

CONSEN MONITR POLYGRAPH CRIS NEG-FED CART
ELSUR/FISC SRCH WAR EXEC CRIS NEG-LOC ASSET FORF PRO
ELSUR/III SHOW MONEY ERT ASST FORF SUPPORT P
ENG FIELD SUP SOG ASST BUTTE-ITC TFOS/CTD

ENG TAPE EXAM SWAT TEAM SAVANNAH-ITC | CXS/CTD

LEGATS ASST. TECH AG/EQUIP POC-WRCSC INFRAGARD/CYD
EVIDNCE PURCH TEL TOLL RECS FT. MON-NRCSC OFC/CID
INFORMANT/CW UCO-GROUP I FOR LANG ASST PPP

LAB DIV EXAMS

UCO-GROUP II

NON FBI LAB EX

= Absolutely Essential

Living/Deceased: Living
Date Child Located: 06/30/2008

ENTERED UPON RECEIPT

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021615
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027547.txt,"Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

5

GUID: EA317217-5BD3-4304-A063-3EED2FA3DF7F

Message: The girls. Read my address book. No kidding one girl said she had sex with my
friend Steven hawking

sender : ay

Time: 12/04/18 12:33:42 PM (565648422)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 398D0556-3372-42A6-9D4E-FFAD17B4BD80

Message: Doesn't make her a bad person

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 12/04/18 12:35:56 PM (565648556)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 23A88942-3A9D-46D1-A6C4-AE8E2874F1C0

Message: When she saw his photo. Ugh

Time: 12/04/18 12:40:36 PM (565648836)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D9B71071-A47C-4B64-B156-5FBB8 9D35F3E

Message: She is called a prostitute --he looks like a federal reserve not

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 12/04/18 12:41:53 PM (565648913)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 806362CC-6A0D-4E77-A0C1-252A91505405

Message: He is paralyzed. She forgot that part

Time: 12/04/18 12:43:33 PM (565649013)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027547
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021173.txt,"emotion any further I told him what happened with T.J and broke down
in tears, a little heart broken from living in such a lie. He turned around
from his massage and sincerely paused for a second thinking he was
going to console me but instead he laughed at the very prospect of my
notion that monogamous relationships ever existed. “Are you serious, he
was only doing what every guy in the world does, you can’t hold that
against him”. I replied in a lighthearted gesture “whose side are you on
anyways”? His answer stuck with me for many years to come “T’m on
your side which is why I’m going to save you a lot of grief with this one
tip, Never expect a man to be faithful and you’ll never be let down, it’s
just the way us men are genetically imprinted.” The remainder of the
massage I had to pretend like f wasn’t further saddened by his response,
but in fact having to act enlightened. I would never come to him for any
other relationship advice, ever again. He told me I’d be fine if I just
listened to my mentor. He still loved role-playing the teacher and me the
pupil, like the old days before he got rich and only used to be a college
professor. I finished the massage and fulfilled my sexual duties before
being sent home wanting to collapse in anguish.

T.J was outside my apartment door when I got there, his mom waiting
downstairs in her minivan just in case I kicked him out again. He pleaded
his guilt and promised that he would never see her again, agreeing with
me that she was the town slut and he screwed up big time. I let him back
into my apartment and back into my life for that matter but more aware of
the world I was being led into believing was of normal conduct accepted
by everyone in this sick world. Jeffrey was going back to N.Y.C and told
me to have a few days off before his assistant at his office would arrange
an E-Ticket on a commercial flight for me to join him later in the week. I
had just made loads of money from my previous trip and wanted to relax
like any teenager does, so I threw a hotel party that weekend on Singer
Island in Rivera Beach, inviting only a small group of friends to begin
with.

The hotel room quickly filled up with a flood of teens and the pumping
music was blaring. The room had a balcony overlooking the pool and the
beach that became the smoker’s section. I wasn’t a real smoker at that
point, preferring to have a puff of a spiffed blunt instead so I made it my
rule to go outside trying to prevent holes in the carpet, but it didn’t last
too long when our forbidden walls came tumbling down. Making so
much money that { could supply my wild parties with an assortment of
drugs like trips, ecstasy, and coke as well as an abundance of alcohol, that
TJ had all the contacts for, made my fellow teens admire me. It definitely
gave me a head swell, thinking here I was so young but so grown up
already with all of my peers from high school looking up to me. In the
wee hours of the morning we were all still going hard with our eyes

SF

[ Copyright Protected Material
CONFIDENTIAL GIUFFRE004190

dilated into little black diamonds. We were all having in depth
conversations about life and where we would all end up when this
charade was all said done. Nobody got to sleep that night as the room
slowly dwindled in numbers as people were finding their way home to
recover from the repercussions of drugs wearing down out of their
intoxicated system.

When I flew out to N.Y.C to meet Jeffrey the next day, | was still in a
horrible state. Not knowing what was wrong with me, thinking it was just
a bad come down, I nished out of the elevator and down the hall to my
room, sweating profusely, to make it just in time to the toilet to throw up
bile again for the uncountable time since getting off the plane. 1 was
having intense cramps in my stomach and when | was called down to
meet Jeffrey in the massage room, I had to decline for the first time. | told
the housekeeper that I was feeling very ill after the flight, maybe some off
food for lunch and needed to lie down for a while. Nobody came up to
check on me for hours or even called. Waking up from my much-needed
nap, I pulled back the expensive white sheets to find myself in a pool of
my own sweat and blood. I was covered in the red stains that drenched
the pants I was wearing. I had no idea what was going on, [ could only
focus on the dire amount of pain I was in. In between the heaves of
throwing up and crying simultaneously I was able to reach the phone and
called the housemaid on the intercom. | told her 1 needed to go toa
hospital immediately and slammed the phone down only to fall back to
the floor hurdled in a ball. She didn’t hesitate in calling Ghislane who ran
up to see what was wrong. Ghislane then called Jeffrey who was in his
office at the time and told him to hurry up to my level, stressing to him
that it was an emergency. Thinking they really cared about me for the
first time since I had known them, they came with me to the hospital with
me. Now I realize I was only a liability in getting them caught and they
needed to get to the doctors before | could say anything incriminating.
They were suspecting the worst now and seeing he never wore a condom
with me and from our previous conversations they knew I always made
T.J wear one, they feared the situation at hand.

When he saw the catastrophic state I was in at that point, it was the
housemaid who helped me get up and assisted me down to the car where
Jo-Jo was waiting for me. He drove us to either Lennox Hill Hospital or
Mount Sinai, I can’t remember, as it was so blurry in such a bad
condition. Rushed in for immediate testing | was uncontrollably vomiting
and in so much agony, | was given an injection to help me to subside the
intense pain. A nurse came in to ask who would pay for this and although
l insisted my parents insurance still covered me, Jeffrey persisted that he
take care of all the medical bills and gave the nurse his information.

58

(1) Copyright Protected Material

GIUTTREO04 191

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021173
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028112.txt,"Syria was always going to be harder. But Rabin had moved past his anger
over the “pocket deposit”, and we began a new effort via the Americans. Our
aim was to lay out a comprehensive, staged proposal to trade nearly the entire
Golan for peace. With Rabin, Itamar Rabinovich and the rest of the team, we
put together a framework limiting Syria’s military presence on the Heights. We
envisaged phasing out the restrictions as Syria took steps toward the kind of
peace which had proved possible with Egypt and Jordan. But indirect exchanges
in the autumn of 1994 produced little progress. In December, Rabin proposed to
the Americans that I meet with a Syrian representative, and President Assad
agreed. Later that month, I was sent to Washington for talks with Syria’s
ambassador, Walid Muallem. With the Americans’ Mideast envoy, Dennis
Ross, as host, we met in Blair House across the street from the White House.

I began by explaining the security provisions we envisaged for the Golan,
which included early-warning provisions, force limitations and other means of
safeguarding Israel against any surprise attack. Muallem’s response was
formulaic, almost icy, with no indication he was ready to discuss any of the
specifics, much less offer ideas of his own. But then Dennis led us out into the
garden, where the atmosphere, if sadly not the weather, was a bit warmer. I told
Ambassador Muallem I believed Israel’s issues with Syria ought to be
resolvable. Both sides understood the broad terms of an eventual peace. But we
needed a context of trust in which to negotiate. President Assad, and we as well,
were always going to be reluctant formally to commit ourselves to a position
until each side was be satisfied that the other side understood its core needs.
Politically, both sides also faced constraints. “In formal meetings, a record is
taken and negotiators have to explain and justify every last word back home,” I
said. “I think our negotiators can get further in conversations like the one we’re
having now.” Though Muallem nodded agreement, he did not explicitly say he
believed that informal exchanges were the way forward. Still, he did obviously
pass back a broadly positive message to Damascus. Before the Blair House
discussion, our understanding had been there would probably be a kind of
mirror arrangement for a follow-up meeting: between our ambassador in
Washington, Itamar Rabinovich, and a high-ranking army officer from the
Syrian side. Instead, we received word that Assad wanted me to meet directly
with General Himat Shihabi, who was not only my counterpart as Syrian chief-
of-staff but Assad’s oldest and closest political ally and the effective number-
two man in the régime.

General Shihabi and I met over a period of two days at Blair House. He had
greater authority, and thus a greater sense of self-assurance, than the

264
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028112
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032648.txt,"From: Larry Visoski [ay

Sent: 11/16/2017 11:59:01 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Shouldn’t be to bad if we are leaving early and Trump is not scheduled to depart until 3pm on Sunday, the
Departure will be similar to a DCA Departure with Customs,

TSA will have an office set up inside the FBO, you will enter the main lobby at Atlantic and be escorted to the
plane after you meet with TSA officers.,

I have to schedule all passengers names 24hours in advance, no additions within 24 Hours,

Thx
Larry

Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 16, 2017, at 6:45 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

scheudle us to leave sunday early to lsj, we will have to go through hoops to clear ?

On Thu, Nov 16, 2017 at 5:27 PM, Larry Visoski EE \0te:
Jeffrey,

Thx for the update,
Just to confirm, LSJ trip is Next Sunday the 26th as you stated,,

POTUS schedule:
Arrival: Tuesday November 21"" @ 1800ish
Departure: Sunday November 26"" @ 1500ish

Sent from my iPhone
On Nov 16, 2017, at 4:46 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

at the moment we will go to Ish on sunday the 26th early then to new york where 1 will stay the week,
larry , it will be and I, trump is in town that week,

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032648
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027221.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\ root \Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2017-03-29\
MEMES) 2017-03-29 at 06.13.27 .ichat

Service: iMessag

Start Time: 03/29/17 03:13:27 AM (512475207)
End Time: 03/29/17 08:27:08 PM (512537228)
Last Message ID: 2808

Chat Room:

Participants: jee, PY

Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, iy

Messages -

sender: (ay

Time: 03/29/17 03:13:27 AM (512475207)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1H421999-280C-41A3-848C-2DD258BBC822

Message: Hello. Hope u r welland had lits of dessert wth sultan. The white hse
announced yday pm modis trip to de. Can u tell me whn and the dates ? Thanks.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/17 03:58:23 AM (512477903)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2884ABBA-DDFA-4C18-B7E4-DAA44A8A4BED

Message: you were greatly missed. we would both have loved to have you there. . re
trip Im told it is a part of israel strategy. should know more after i return
from paris.-fyi Im told that buy india in reality is limited to a certain category
of things . i.e. many can only be truly made in america. ( with its inherent risks
for back doors. ) IT- yes , jet engines no. however , very enthusiastic over having
private biz involved as it is seen to be much less corrupt than govt; ( please keep
in mind , my expertise is money not politics . so I merely transmit things to you

that I'm sure you understand though I might not )

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/17 04:12:41 AM (512478761)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 48F3F42D-1BF0-4908-A477-B005B5135912

Message: yes I fully understood . what i am told is that discussions re israel
strategy were dominating modi dates. however lots and lots of internal conflicts
taking priority.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027221
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031789.txt,"From: Richard Kahn 
Sent: 6/15/2018 1:47:13 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Trump advisors reportedly seeking a pardon for 'junk bond king' Milken 
Importance: High 
i requested last week not yet received 
i will call again now.. 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
tel 
fax_________________ 
cell 
On Jun 15, 2018, at 9:26 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Did we get bank appraisal ayh 
On Fri, Jun 15, 2018 at 9:06 AM Richard Kahn 
wrote: 
https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/trump-advisors-reportedly-seeking-a-pardon-for-junk-bond-king-
milken.html  
Trump advisors reportedly seeking a 
pardon for 'junk bond king' Milken 
Tae Kim 
%taws. 
Several of President Donald Trump's advisors are pushing him to pardon Michael Milken, 
Bloomberg News reported Friday. 
Michael Milken, 71, was known as the ""junk bond king"" in the 1980s and was convicted for 
securities fraud. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031789 
Bloomberg said former White House communications director Anthony Scaramucci, 
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, senior advisor Jared Kushner and attorney Rudy  
Giuliani support the pardon for Milken. 
Milken has a net worth of $3.7 billion, according to Forbes. The financier, who pioneered 
the market for high-yield bonds while at Drexel Burnham Lambert, was sentenced to 10 
years in prison and permanently banned from the securities industry by the Securities and 
Exchange Commission. His prison term was reduced to two years. 
The White House and a spokesperson for the Milken Institute did not immediately respond 
to requests for comment. 
See the full Bloomberg News report here. 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue, 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022  
Phone 
Fax 
Cell 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031790 
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018103.txt,"Article 6.

The American Interest

What Would War with Iran Look Like?

Jeffrey White

July - August 2011 -- The debate over what to do about an Iranian
Islamist regime apparently bent on acquiring nuclear weapons has
been on or near our front burner for at least six years, and is now
almost a settled feature of the policy landscape. There is general
agreement in the United States on two points. First, an Iranian
nuclear weapons capability is “unacceptable’’, as both the Bush and
Obama Administrations have put it; and second, we prefer getting to
an acceptable outcome without using force. The debate gets testy
when we consider that means short of force, such as sanctions and
covert technical sabotage, might not work.

It may be too simple to reduce the argument to just two sides—those
who fear the regime’s acquisition of nuclear weapons more than the
consequences of a war to prevent it, and those who fear the
consequences of a war above all else—but in this case simplicity has
the virtue of capturing the essence as observers ponder which set of
unpalatable risks they would rather run. What is remarkable, though
hardly surprising, is that the two sides usually put forth very different
assessments of what using force would entail. Those who fear Iranian
nukes above all else tend to minimize the risks of using force, while
those who fear war tend to exaggerate them. Neither side, however,
has persuasively spelled out the reasons for their assessment, leading
one to suspect that much of the argument rests on less than rigorous
analysis.

What would an honest assessment of the risks of military conflict
with Iran look like? How should we think about it? These are difficult
questions even for those who are not partisans of one side or the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018103
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032890.txt,"please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http: //topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timesto

ics/people/t/landon_ jr thomas/index.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032890
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017230.txt,"4.2.12

WC: 191694

KC: But you are using a Jewish lawyer when it’s convenient and serves your purpose?
MH: Well certainly its serving his purposes too and the ends justify the means.

AD: My purposes are the purposes of the First Amendment. Mr. Hale, you will rue the
day that you ever thought that I would give you publicity because I will not stop
condemning your organization and you know that the only condition that I will accept
your case is because you have given me the freedom to argue with you, to condemn you
and to defeat you in the marketplace of ideas.

MH: That’s fine.

AD: The only publicity you will get from me is the most negative kind of publicity
because I say, your ideas belong in a nutshell because they are nutty ideas, they are
reprehensible ideas...

MH: So are those of the Jews.

AD: And I have faith in the American people that they will reject your ideas in the
marketplace of ideas and you should not have the benefit of censorship so that you can
stand up and proclaim your views. You know, if the character committee hadn’t kept him
out, nobody would have heard of this despicable person. It is the character committee
who has given him publicity just like the march in Skokie...you know the Nazis would
have been able to march through Skokie, it would have been a one-day story, but for the
censorship. Censorship creates publicity. What we are doing is hoping to give you the
worst and most negative kind of publicity so people will reject your ideas.

KC: So do you still want Mr. Dershowitz to represent you?
MH: The fact of the matter is that we are confident that if people would consider our

views, they will agree with them.

AD: Nobody is afraid of your views. As long as you don’t violate the law your views will
be defeated in the marketplace of ideas

Ultimately, I did not represent Hale because he refused to allow me to donate his legal fee to the
ADL, NAACP and other organizations that seek to combat his racist views in the marketplace of
ideas. He lost his case and is now in prison for trying to arrange a “hit” on the judge who ruled
against him.

Following Hale’s imprisonment, I received a call from the FBI advising me that Hale may have
put out a hit on me as well. For several weeks, FBI agents monitored and protected me. So
much for Matthew Hale merely believing in freedom of speech! This was neither the first nor the

143

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017230
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024442.txt,"OTHER THAN ENTITIES OR PERSONS DEFINED AS INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS IN THE MEANING
OF ITEM NO. 7. IN ARTICLE 2 OF THE ICELANDIC ACT ON SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS AND THE
REGULATION OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF SECURITIES NO. 233/2003. ANY RESALE OF THE
UNITS IN ICELAND WILL NEED TO TAKE PLACE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE
ICELANDIC ACT ON SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS No. 33/2003 AS AMENDED AND ANY
APPLICABLE LAWS OR REGULATIONS OF ICELAND.

NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF INDIA

THE ISSUANCE OF THE UNITS IS BEING MADE STRICTLY ON A PRIVATE PLACEMENT BASIS.
THIS MEMORANDUM IS NOT A PROSPECTUS OR A STATEMENT IN LIEU OF A PROSPECTUS. IT
IS NOT, AND SHOULD NOT BE DEEMED TO CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO THE PUBLIC IN
GENERAL.

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM IS BELIEVED BY THE COMPANY TO BE
ACCURATE IN ALL MATERIAL RESPECTS AS OF THE DATE HEREOF, THE COMPANY DOES NOT
UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE THIS MEMORANDUM TO REFLECT SUBSEQUENT EVENTS. THIS
MEMORANDUM HAS BEEN PREPARED TO PROVIDE GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
TO POTENTIAL INVESTORS EVALUATING THE PROPOSAL TO SUBSCRIBE FOR THE UNITS
COVERED BY THIS MEMORANDUM AND iT DOES NOT PURPORT TO CONTAIN ALL THE
INFORMATION THAT ANY SUCH POTENTIAL INVESTOR MAY REQUIRE. POTENTIAL INVESTORS
SHOULD CONDUCT THEIR OWN DUE DILIGENCE, INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE
COMPANY.

PRIOR TO APPLYING FOR THE UNITS, INVESTORS SHOULD VERIFY IF THEY HAVE THE
NECESSARY POWER AND COMPETENCE TO APPLY FOR THE UNITS UNDER THEIR
CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS AS WELL AS ALL RELEVANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN
FORCE IN INDIA. THEY SHOULD ALSO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS ON THE TAX
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF THE UNITS, AND INCOME
ARISING THEREON.

ALTHOUGH THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM SOURCES
THAT ARE RELIABLE TO THE BEST OF THE AGENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF, THE AGENTS
MAKES NO REPRESENTATION AS TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY THE AGENT. NEITHER THE
AGENTS NOR ANY OFFICER OR EMPLOYEE OF THE AGENTS ACCEPT ANY LIABILITY
WHATSOEVER FOR ANY DIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS ARISING FROM ANY USE OF THIS
MEMORANDUM OR ITS CONTENTS.

NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF ITALY

THE OFFERING OF THE UNITS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ITALY (“ITALY”) HAS NOT BEEN
AUTHORISED BY THE COMMISSIONE NAZIONALE PER LE SOCIETA E LA BORSA (""CONSOB”)
PURSUANT TO THE ITALIAN SECURITIES LEGISLATION AND, ACCORDINGLY:

(l) THE UNITS CANNOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR DELIVERED IN ITALY IN AN INVESTMENT
SOLICITATION (“SOLLECITAZIONE ALL'INVESTIMENTO”) WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 1,
PARAGRAPH 1, LETTER (T) OF LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 58 OF 24 FEBRUARY 1998, AS
AMENDED (“DECREE 58/98”),

(1) THE UNITS CANNOT BE OFFERED, SOLD AND/OR DELIVERED, NOR ANY DOCUMENT
RELATING TO THE UNITS CAN BE DISTRIBUTED, EITHER IN THE PRIMARY OR SECONDARY
MARKET, TO INDIVIDUALS RESIDENT IN ITALY, AND

(Ill) ANY OFFER, SALE AND/OR DELIVERY OF THE UNITS AND DISTRIBUTION OF COPIES OF ANY
DOCUMENT RELATING TO THE UNITS IN ITALY WILL ONLY BE:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024442
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015621.txt,"Filing # 34801581 E-Filed 11/23/2015 05:53:31 PM

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
SEVENTEENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN
AND FOR BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA

CASE NO.: CACE 15-000072
BRADLEY J. EDWARDS and PAUL G.
CASSELL,

Plaintiffs,
vs.
ALAN M. DERSHOWITZ,

Defendant.
/

PLAINTIFFS/COUNTERCLAIM DEFENDANT EDWARDS AND
CASSELL’S RESPONSE TO DERSHOWITZ’S MOTION TO DETERMINE
CONFIDENTIALITY OF COURT RECORDS

Plaintiffs/Counterclaim Defendants Bradley J. Edwards and Paul G. Cassell, by and
through their undersigned attorneys, hereby file this response to Dershowitz’s Motion to
Determine Confidentiality of Court Records. The records at issue are not confidential, and so the
Court should deny Dershowitz’s motion in its entirety.

The court records at issue are three court filings by attorneys Edwards and Cassell
in which they recite their client’s (Mr. Virginia Giuffre’s) allegations that she was sexually
abused by Dershowitz. These records are hardly “confidential” in this defamation case,
where the parties have claims and counterclaims about these sexual abuse
Allegations. Rather, these records are an important part of this case, since they not only
support the conclusion that Dershowitz abused Ms. Giuffre, but also indisputably establish
Edwards and Cassell’s strong basis for filing the allegations on her behalf. Moreover,
contrary to assertions made in Dershowitz’s motion, these documents have never been

found to be “confidential” by any other court. And Dershowitz has repeatedly referred to

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015621
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033556.txt,"Apple Reveals New Products

See the full gallery

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033556
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012507.txt,"18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

—_

o oO An OD ao BF WwW DN

~0929104 . TXT
today, for whatever reason it was canceled, | am

told it is being re-noticed. Why it was canceled
1 have no idea, but if your co-counse! wishes an
affidavit to that effect from Mr. Pincus, |'m more
than happy to get it. But | don’t know the reason
why it was canceled.

MR. TEIN: | don't need it. But what | do

take issue with is regardless of why it was

131
canceled, you owed us the courtesy of saying, you
know what? We can start earlier this morning.

MR. LEOPOLD: | owe you nothing.

MR. TEIN: {! don't care. Don't interrupt
me.

Because Jack canceled his vacation plans
because of you.

MR. GOLDBERGER: That's all right, that's
all right.

MR. TEIN: And you're selfish. And this
deposition is over. Good-by Mr. Leopold.

MR. GOLDBERGER: You can go off the record.

Page 112

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012507
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016328.txt,"David Kaiser is a physicist atypically interested in the intersection of his science with
politics and culture, about which he has written widely.

In the first meeting (in Washington, Connecticut) that preceded the crafting of this
book, he commented on the change in how “information” is viewed since Wiener’s time:
the military-industrial, Cold War era. Back then, Wiener compared information,
metaphorically, to entropy, in that it could not be conserved—i.e., monopolized; thus, he
argued, our atomic secrets and other such classified matters would not remain secrets for
long. Today, whereas (as Wiener might have expected) information, fake or not, is
leaking all over the other Washington, information in the economic world has indeed
been stockpiled, commodified, and monetized.

This lockdown, David said, was “not all good, not all bad’”—depending, I guess,
on whether you’re sick of being pestered by ads for socks or European river cruises
popping up in your browser minutes after you’ve bought them.

To say nothing of information’s proliferation. David complained to the rest of us
attending the meeting that in Wiener’s time, physicists could “take the entire Physical
Review. /t would sit comfortably in front of us in a manageable pile. Now we’re awash
in fifty thousand open-source journals per minute,” full of god-knows-what. Neither of
these developments would Wiener have anticipated, said David, prompting him to ask,

“Do we need a new set of guiding metaphors?”

108

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016328
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032280.txt,"From: Zubair Khan 
Sent: 9/15/2016 5:02:37 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Attachments: US Election Report.pdf; Untitled attachment 114288.htm 
Importance: High 
Please find attached US Election Report. 
Regards, 
Zubair 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032280 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031531.txt,"From: Marc.Kensington 
Sent: 11/27/2016 8:44:06 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Too bad. I was excited to have a drink with you. Mr. Kiss is still alive and has his real market price. I have mine at 35, but to far away from both 
parts to have a chance to persuade both parties. 
Regards 
Marc LEON 
Partner - Managing Director 
KENSINGTON 
Luxury Properties Sari 
Private Office Marrakech 
Avenue Yacoub El Mansour 
Arset Bata 3, App. 13, 50 et. 
Gueliz - 40000 - Marrakech (Morocco) 
Tel.: + 
Fax: + 
Cell: + 
Cell: + 
www.kensingtonmorocco.com  
2016-11-27 20:41 GMT+00:00 Marc.Kensington : 
Too bad. I was excited to have a 
Marc LEON 
Partner - Managing Director 
KENSINGTON 
Luxury Properties Sari 
Private Office Marrakech 
Avenue Yacoub El Mansour 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031531 
Arset Bata 3, App. 13, 50 et. 
Gueliz - 40000 - Marrakech (Morocco) 
Tel.: + 
Fax: + 
Cell: + 
Cell: + 
www.kensingtonmorocco.com  
2016-11-27 17:54 GMT+00:00 jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>: 
I will not come this week, too many trump issues. . anything new. exciting. has mr kiss come to 
reality? 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031532 
"
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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014176
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013619.txt,"taint the personal use of plants and practices that facilitate access to the mystic
way. Rational, socially responsible and otherwise kind and tolerant Presbyterians,
Unitarians and Reformed Jews can be suspicious and rejecting of what appears to
them as the politically tinged mass hysteria of praying in tongues and other rituals of
Charismatic Christian rebirth and renewal or the ecstatic states of Orthodox Jewish
chant-dancing.

Modern brain and behavioral scientists, remaining under the philosophical
spell of logical positivism and its requirement for operational definitions and
(external) experimental disconfirmability, operate from the position of strong doubt
when mystical experience is addressed. What is striking and strange about how
science plays the game of mysticism research is exemplified by the publishable
increment in credibility concerning a meditation-induced change in state of
consciousness when Boston’ University’s William Benson reported the
accompanying relaxation response, a sudden decrease in heart rate---much like the
dive reflex of a seal or what the heart rate does when you duck your head suddenly
forward into a sink full of water. Decades are spent getting professorial tenure for
research yielding things we have already experienced and know directly and for
ourselves. Recall that the existence of visual imagery in the human, doubted by an
experimental psychology of the time in which William James _ self-exploratory
observations were viewed as revolutionary, was made more credible by evidence
for the existence of a subjective spatial metric: verbally reporting subjects, when
timed, took longer in their minds to go from one room to another one that was down
the hall then going to the room that was immediately next door.

We use brain chemical, pharmacological, neurophysiological and
neuroanatomical localization and computation of characteristic statistical patterns in

time dependent brain and behavioral observations to the same end.

Further Readings for SOME ENTHEOGENIC ENTROPIES

119

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013619
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019654.txt,"166 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

mercy of the Russian authorities. There was good reason for keeping
him in a virtual prison in Russia. “He can compromise thousands
of intelligence and military officials,” Sergei Alexandrovich Markov,
the co-chairman of the National Strategic Council of Russia and an
adviser to Putin, pointed out. “We can’t send him back just because
America demands it.”

So Snowden was consigned to the transit zone of the airport,
which is a twilight zone neither inside nor outside Russia, a nether-
world that extends beyond the confines of the airport to include safe
houses and other facilities maintained by the FSB for the purposes
of interrogation and security. Stranded at the Moscow airport, no
matter what he had believed earlier in Hong Kong, Snowden would
quickly realize that he had only one viable option: seeking protec-
tion in Russia.

Even though the FSB is known by U.S. intelligence to strictly
control the movements and contacts of former members of foreign
intelligence services in Russia, Snowden might not have realized the
full extent of the FSB’s interest in him. He naively told The Wash-

® ington Post in December 2013, in Moscow, “I am still working for ©
the NSA right now. They are the only ones who don’t realize it.”
Whatever he might have been thinking, a former U.S. communica-
tions intelligence worker who stole American state secrets, such as
Snowden, would be under the FSB’s scrutiny.

Andrei Soldatov, the co-author of the 2010 book The New Nobil-
ity: The Restoration of Russia’s Security State and the Endur-
ing Legacy of the KGB, who was personally knowledgeable about
FSB procedures, explained the FSB would monitor “every facet of
Snowden’s communications, and his life.” General Oleg Kalugin,
who, as previously mentioned, defected from the KGB to the United
States in 1995, added that the FSB (following the standard operating
procedures of the KGB) would be “his hosts and they are taking care
of him.” Kalugin further said in 2014, “Whatever he had access to in
his former days at NSA, I believe he shared all of it with the Russians,
and they are very grateful.” This assessment was backed by Frants
Klintsevich. As the first deputy chairman of the Kremlin’s defense
and security committee at the time of Snowden’s defection, he was

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 166 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019654
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012513.txt,"a \

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

~0929104. TXT

Judith F. Consor, Court Reporter
Florida Professional Reporter

Page 118

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012513
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019898.txt,"2

TRUMP TOWER

n the Saturday after the election, Donald Trump received a small group of well-

wishers in his triplex apartment in Trump Tower. Even his close friends were still
shocked and bewildered, and there was a dazed quality to the gathering. But Trump
himself was mostly looking at the clock.

Rupert Murdoch, heretofore doubtlessly certain Trump was a charlatan and a fool, said
he and his new wife, Jerry Hall, would pay a call on the president-elect. But Murdoch was
late—quite late. Trump kept assuring his guests that Rupert was on his way, coming soon.
When some of the guests made a move to leave, Trump cajoled them to stay a little longer.
You’ll want to stay to see Rupert. (Or, one of the guests interpreted, you’ll want to stay to
see Trump with Rupert.)

Murdoch, who, with his then wife, Wendi, had often socialized with Jared and Ivanka,
in the past made little effort to hide his lack of interest in Trump. Murdoch’s fondness for
Kushner created a curious piece of the power dynamic between Trump and his son-in-law,
one that Kushner, with reasonable subtly, played to his advantage, often dropping
Murdoch’s name into conversations with his father-in-law. When, in 2015, Ivanka Trump
told Murdoch that her father really, truly was going to run for president, Murdoch
dismissed the possibility out of hand.

But now, the new president-elect—after the most astonishing upset in American history
—was on tenterhooks waiting for Murdoch. “He’s one of the greats,” he told his guests,
becoming more agitated as he waited. “Really, he’s one of the greats, the last of the greats.
You have to stay to see him.”

It was a matched set of odd reversals—an ironic symmetry. Trump, perhaps not yet
appreciating the difference between becoming president and elevating his social standing,
was trying mightily to curry favor with the previously disdainful media mogul. And
Murdoch, finally arriving at the party he was in more than one way sorely late to, was as
subdued and thrown as everyone else, and struggling to adjust his view of a man who, for
more than a generation, had been at best a clown prince among the rich and famous.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019898
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026059.txt,"From: EL HACHEM Johnny 
Sent: 2/8/2017 12:01:12 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
CC: AdeR 
Subject: Re: Edmond de Rothschild Infrastructure Expertise 
Importance: High 
I agree with your analysis. 
On the debt side the yield will be low for sure. Nevertheless by leading the consortium and by being the Equity 
provider of the PPP than the double digit return will be possible 
Happy to discuss further 
Sent from my iPhone 
On 8 fevr. 2017, at 12:59, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
thanks, the issue will be returns on investment. . there is a HUGE amount of cash sitting on the 
sidelines, trump will want to do private public partnerships on most things. . donald loves the 
rothschild name. 
On Wed, Feb 8, 2017 at 7:23 AM, EL HACHEM Johnny ____________________> wrote: 
Dear Jeff, 
As previously discussed between you and Ariane, Edmond de Rothschild is deeply involved in the building and 
financing of the infrastructure in Europe. Edmond de Rothschild has an outstanding track record, history and 
presence in European infrastructure, as well as being one of Europe's most recognized financial advisors to 
the infrastructure market. We have developed deep expertise in the infrastructure sector and sought secure, 
well-managed assets, generating stable, long-term returns for investors. 
We have done so by initiating and backing two experienced and highly-respected managers in the industry, 
TIIC and BRIDGE. TIIC is an equity investor in transport and social infrastructure. BRIDGE is an infrastructure 
debt provider. Both managers are covered in more detail below. Edmond de Rothschild has been heavily 
involved in the launch of the below funds, providing crucial support in fund structuring, due diligence, capital 
raising, legal & compliance functions as well as the sound governance and ESG management across all funds. 
Partnering with TIIC and BRIDGE has enabled Edmond de Rothschild to build a strong franchise within 
infrastructure investments, complementing its overall Private Equity offering. Edmond de Rothschild has also 
acted as anchor investor for these funds, demonstrating its strong alignment of interest with these 
investment teams. With Ariane we strongly believe that we should absolutely find a way to collaborate 
together with you to think and initiate something to serve the future needs of the US in the infrastructure 
field. 
Please find attached further information on each manager. This would also be a chance for us to explore 
opportunities of working together in the future. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026059 
Please feel free to reach out to us if you require any further information. We look forward to hearing from 
you soon. 
TIIC 
TIIC Group backed by Edmond de Rothschild, is a pan-European infrastructure firm advising on mid-market 
infrastructure projects across Europe in both the transportation and social sectors. It was established in 2008 
by the 3 founding partners of TIIC Group, Jaime d'Almeida, Manuel Cary and Francisco Mendes, with strategic 
support from the Edmond de Rothschild Group and Brisa. 
The aim of TIIC Group is to bring an operational approach to infrastructure investments in Europe, drawing 
upon the extensive management and financial skills of its team members. These skills have been developed 
over many years at some of Europe's leading infrastructure operators and project financing firms which, 
when combined with the very specific infrastructure expertise of both the Edmond de Rothschild Group and 
Brisa, makes for a powerful and differentiated investment platform. 
TIIC Group operates from two offices in Lisbon and Paris, providing its team with access to relevant 
investment opportunities across key target markets in Europe as well as to leading industrial contractors, 
operators, advisors and financiers in the infrastructure industry. 
TIIC Group successfully raised a First Fund with €140m of commitments targeting transportation investments 
across Europe. The portfolio of the First Fund comprises 6 assets located in Portugal, Spain, France and 
Poland. They represent a carefully balanced mix of greenfield and early stage brownfield projects in roads 
and car parks. TIIC Group has played an active role in the sourcing and development of all investments and 
has made a significant contribution to value creation. TIIC Group believes that this is a high quality, 
operationally secure, cash yielding portfolio of assets which will be of strong interest to potential investors 
over the coming few years. 
TIIC has launched a successor fund, TIIC 2, which will build upon TIIC Group' differentiated approach to 
infrastructure in Europe. TIIC 2 will is targeting aggregate commitments from investors of €300m (€350m 
hard cap) to invest into both transportation and social infrastructure projects in Europe. TIIC 2 will also seek 
to invest, on a very selective basis, into greenfield social infrastructure projects in New Frontier Markets, 
within close proximity to the European Union. Given its powerful network of relationships across Europe and 
the operational skills of its team, TIIC Group will continue to target superior investment returns for TIIC 2's 
portfolio of assets. These returns should be in line with the anticipated returns from the First Fund portfolio 
which is forecast to deliver a gross IRR of up to 14% and a multiple of approximately 2x on invested capital. 
TIIC announced the first close of TIIC 2 on December 30th 2016, with aggregate commitments of €135m from 
a group of high quality and well-diversified limited partners. First close investors in TIIC 2 include the 
European Investment Bank and Edmond de Rothschild, both with significant commitments, as well as the 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026060 
TIIC team. TIIC 2 is also supported by a number of existing investors, together with several European 
insurance companies, pension funds and family offices. A second close is planned in the coming months and 
the final close will occur before the end of 2017. We have received significant interest from a number of 
European institutional investors, many of which are in the process of completing detailed due diligence on 
TIIC 2. We are firmly on track to achieve a final close of TIIC 2 before the end of the year. 
Furthermore, TIIC has announced the first exit from Fund 1, with outstanding returns. Three other 
investments are in sales processes and should close during the next few months. 
BRIDGE 
BRIDGE is an infrastructure debt platform initiated by Edmond de Rothschild Asset Management (EdRAM) to 
enable institutional investors to access infrastructure assets with secured and stable revenue streams. BRIDGE 
is a London based second generation debt fund sourcing and structuring transactions directly from sponsors 
when feasible and one of the few independent debt teams only investing on behalf of clients. The BRIDGE team 
has the ability to execute and deliver transactions as efficiently as traditional lenders as well as negotiate terms 
and conditions bringing optimised yield and security to investors. 
The BRIDGE platform was set up as a new leg of EDR's Infrastructure, Real Assets & Structured Finance Team 
striving to take advantage of the expertise of the infrastructure sector acquired when the team became a global 
leader in PPP & Transport infrastructure financial advisory in 2011 and 2012. 
The BRIDGE platform raised € 400m of new monies in 2016 and has successfully reached the €1bn mark of 
Assets under Management at the end of 2016. The platform comprises three investment vehicles (French FCT 
and Lux SIF) and is currently fundraising for additional pockets of liquidity: 
o BRIDGE I reached final closing in December 2014 with approximately €600m of aggregate commitments from a club 
of institutional investors. 
o BRIDGE I Dedicated Compartmentis a vehicle created by a large European institution and anchor investor of the first 
fund with a €250m target amount available for deployment. 
o BRIDGE II reached first close in December 2016 with €150m of commitments in order to invest in three transactions. 
Fundraising for BRIDGE ll is still ongoing, targeting a group of institutional investors in Europe and elsewhere, with final 
target size of €600m. 
The BRIDGE platform has a long-term European investment strategy and a mandate to cover all sectors of 
infrastructure, notably energy, renewables, utilities, transportation, telecommunications and social 
infrastructure and can execute project financing, refinancing and acquisition finance transactions. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026061 
The BRIDGE platform currently comprises investments of between €20420 million each, in 17 European 
infrastructure transactions. In 2016 alone, the BRIDGE team has achieved financial close for 11 infrastructure 
deals in Europe aggregating ca. €390m. When benchmarked against other similar funds, the investment team 
has succeeded in deploying faster and with credit spreads well above the infrastructure senior debt benchmark, 
enabling BRIDGE to become a force in the growing institutions-backed infrastructure debt market. BRIDGE's 
ability to invest beyond the traditional definition of core infrastructure and to structure transactions was a key 
differentiator when Edmond de Rothschild launched this platform, as part of its commitment to real economy. 
BRIDGE is innovative in the sense that the investment team sources transactions directly from sponsors and is 
actively involved in the structuring phase, acting as Mandated Lead Arranger. 
BRIDGE comprises a large, international and skilled London based investment team of 11 investment 
professionals who between them have arranged more than €100bn of landmark infrastructure deals over the 
last 20 years across the globe. The BRIDGE team is among the largest within the debt funds universe and 
demonstrates the Edmond de Rothschild Group's commitment to the platform. 
Kind regards, 
Johnny 
Johnny el HACHEM 
Edmond de Rothschild Private Equity 
29 Route de Pre-Bois 
Case postale 490 
1215 Geneve 15 
Suisse 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026062 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026063 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014162.txt,"{4 pyua)
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36

GIUFFRE00 1608

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014162
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019640.txt,"Lb 2 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

nections. Making the task even more risky, according to my Booz
Allen source, there were closed-circuit cameras. The only way he
could mitigate the risk of detection was by having someone help
him build this network.

Even if Snowden had managed to obtain all the necessary pass-
words from colleagues, he would have had to transfer the files to an
external storage device. This was not a matter of simply attaching
a thumb drive or other external device to a port, because, unlike in
movies such as Mission: Impossible, the ports on the computers at
the NSA were ordinarily sealed shut. This measure was taken spe-
cifically to prevent any unauthorized downloading by NSA workers.
The only people at the center who had the authorization, and the
means, to open these ports and transfer data were system admin-
istrators, according to the former Booz Allen executive. System
administrators needed to have this privilege to deal with glitches
in the computers. Snowden was no longer a system administrator
and had no such privileges. So again, he would have needed help.
He would have needed to either borrow a system administrator’s

® credential or forge his own. ®

The credential he would need is called a public key infrastructure,
or PKI, card with its authentication code embedded in a magnetic
strip. When I asked the former Booz Allen executive if Snowden
possessed the skill set to forge such a card, he said that he strongly
doubted any NSA employee would be capable of such a forgery
without special equipment. Just asking such a favor could “set off
alarms,” my source said.

The unwitting accomplice scenario had another stumbling block:
time. We know from Poitras that Snowden told her in early April
2013 that he planned to deliver documents to her in six to eight
weeks (which he in fact did). But he had not yet started working for
Booz Allen at the center until that same month. It does not seem
plausible that in making such a commitment he was merely count-
ing on his ingenuity in the face of strangers to fulfill it. The only way
he could have known for certain that he would be able to borrow a
PKI card and obtain the passwords, whether by trickery, by observa-
tion, or by a key router, before he had begun working at the center
was that he already knew someone there who would help him.

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 152 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019640
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028106.txt,"Yet as I approached my final year as chief of staff in early 1994, we were
suddenly confronted by an appalling act of /sraeli violence: mass murder,
committed by a West Bank settler. Terrorism, no less than the worst Arab
attacks on Israeli civilians. The settler was named Baruch Goldstein, a
physician, who lived in Kiryat Arba. One of the first post-1967 Jewish
settlements, it sat on a hill outside the West Bank town of Hebron. At the heart
of Hebron lay the burial place of the patriarchs and matriarchs of the Jewish
faith: Abraham and Sarah; Isaac and Rebecca; Jacob and Leah. Since Abraham
is also revered as a prophet in Islam and a mosque had stood on the site for
nearly a thousand years, our post-1967 arrangements set out separate times of
worship for Muslims and Jews. Goldstein chose to attack during a holiday
period for both faiths: Purim for the Jews and the Muslim holy month of
Ramadan. He arrived shortly after the Muslims’ Friday prayers began on the
morning on February 25. He was dressed in his reserve army uniform and was
carrying an automatic rifle. He opened fire on a group of nearly 800 Palestinian
worshipers. He had killed 29 and wounded 125 others by the time several of his
intended victims knocked him unconscious and beat him to death.

I rushed to Sde Dov airport in north Tel Aviv, a few minutes from the kirya,
and boarded a helicopter for the old British fort near Hebron, used by the
Jordanians until 1967 and now Israeli headquarters. After visiting the scene of
the killings, I sought out local Palestinian leaders, to voice my condolences and
the sense of outrage I shared over what had happened, and to urge them to do all
they could to maintain calm. I then went to Kiryat Arba and conveyed the same
message.

Our immediate task was to prevent more deaths, on either side. It was a
frustrating, and violent, week. Protests reminiscent of the first days of the
intifada erupted around the West Bank, in Gaza, in east Jerusalem and in several
Arab neighborhoods and towns inside Israel. While I had no trouble
understanding the Palestinians’ anger, I also had a responsibility to prevent the
violence spiraling out of control. We turned to the same tools we’d used at the
beginning of the uprising — though with even greater emphasis on the need for
soldiers to use the only the necessary force to restore order, and to avoid causing
fatalities wherever possible. We closed off the West Bank. We imposed curfews

258
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028106
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021167.txt,"softly and slowly. So at ease with her nude body she even asked me to
massage her swelling breasts, in a non- sexual way. Not knowing any
other way but that way, I was trying to oblige in her request doing the
very best I could to relieve her but couldn’t help but giggle to myself at
the very sight of this. She said she was very happy at the end of the
massage and rolled over to go to sleep, asking me to turn out the light at
the end of it. I closed the door gently as if not to disturb her, and went to
find my other client.

The apartment’s lights had been turned out for the sleeping children and
I found Glen awaiting for me in the lounge room where I had to call out
“Excuse me?” as | couldn’t see him in the dark. There was a throw rug on
the ground that he had already placed out as he began to strip down in
preparation of the massage. Lying frontwards facing me with his exposed
and ever growing manhood, I asked him to roll over to begin the
massage. He complied with a cheeky smile and from his eagerness to
show he was not shy indeed, I already knew where this was going to end
up.
I found it much more strenuous to massage on the floor but I wouldn’t
let that hold me back I wanted to have a career and this being my first
ever clients, I didn’t want them to disapprove. Nearly four hours after I
had gotten there I was still hard at work. Mentally preparing for the end
of the session he let me know when he was ready to begin the other side
to my job and just like Jeffrey did the first time, he requested me to take
off my clothes starting with my shirt. When 1] complied, the requests kept
coming in and before | could change my mind and run away, I was
having intercourse with this man that was so comfortable doing all of this
while his pregnant wife and children slept in the room beside us. When
he had climaxed, we both got up and dressed and he paid mea large tip
even though Jeffrey would be the one to actually pay me for my time
spent there. Just like it had all started, it had also ended so quickly and
now that was that. I had to accept what my duties were and now | could
go back to Jeffrey who would be further pleased in my demonstrations to
keep him happy.

I was called the next morning to come over to Jeffrey’s mansion that
afternoon for lunch, a swim and of course a massage session. Knowing
all too well they’d be expecting the gory details of last nights events with
my new clientele. I came there at lpm as requested and sat down for a
light lunch and a swim. Jeffrey was mostly conducting business from his
offside pool office, but he came to ask me if everything went well the
night before. I told him I did everything asked of me and am quite
confident both my client’s were more than pleased with me. He gave me
a quick grin, before he headed back to the office, throwing a purple grape
down his throat as he walked away.

45

Copyright Protected Material
CONFIDENTIAL GIUFFREO04 178

Lying out on one of the pool decks blue and white striped lounge beds
I was waiting for Jeffrey to finish his business so I could give him his
massage. He never took too long with his work, unless there was
something wrong and then we would all have to wear his mood but today
he seemed fine though, when we went up the stairs he told me we would
be leaving for his ranch in Santa Fe’, New Mexico in the morning and I’d
need to be packed and ready tonight. They loved leaving in the spur of
the moment, Jeffrey once said he checks with his pilot Larry on the best
weather before he heads to a different destination. I enjoyed spending
time at his ranch being it was my favorite of all of his residences. He had
a lavish Mediterranean looking castle on top of a hill that over looked his
extensive 7,500 acres of property. It has an indoor pool, gym, and all the
trimmings of extravagance I could only imagine. I had a great time on the
quad bikes, Sarah and I often got scolded for tipping one over going to
fast or trying to go up a steep hill, but we knew those weren’t the things
he cared about, so it wouldn’t matter. My favorite of it all was his little
town with it’s own fire station and truck, stables full of horses, and little
cottages where the housekeepers and ranch hands lived.

On my own time I would take one of the quad bikes down to the
stables and saddle up on one of his beautiful horses and go for a ride in
the open terrain. It was coming up to the end of a very cold winter and it
still had the snow covered mountaintops and brisk air that 1 loved to take
in during my many trail rides. [ have been an experienced horse rider
since my childhood, and could honestly pinpoint some of the best
memories of my life being on the back of a horse. | acclaimed with thrill
in my voice “Great, I’ll get packed as soon as [ get back to my apartment”
he threw in “Pack for a few weeks, as we will also be making a pit stop
to L.A for some business afterwards and then to N.Y.C.” I was used to
these round trips with him, it was great as I was saving loads of cash and
about to buy myself my first car.

Jeffrey, Ghislane, Emmy and J all left the following morning, as
planned. Arriving in only a few hours at his awe-inspiring Santa Fe
Palace was always a delight. Still frisk in the air, my petite frame looked
even smaller in these gigantic overcoats. Nonetheless I was looking
forward to spending time out in the fresh clean air and open land. After a
few days of leisurely spending our time on the ranch, we went to the
Indian markets in Albuquerque for a bit of shopping and sight seeing.
Jeffrey wasn’t the most off road kind of guy, so when we went sight
seeing it was more like museums, boutique shopping, and local art
galleries. Still a splendid trip though. With me picking up a few nifty
collectables to bring back for my family and knowing how much my
mom loves Indian apparel, I thought it would put me back in her good
books for awhile, | hoped at least. There was some lengthy time to put a

46

2 Copyright Protected Material

GIUIV REGO 179.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021167
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027235.txt,"Time: 04/20/17 06:42:13 AM (514388533)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3DED2346-C24F-43C6-99D7-CDFC4EB67273

Message: And when bg goes to see Jared and ivanka they tell Him he is a genius

Sender:

Time: 04/20/17 06:42:24 AM (514388544)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C5745CA5-DD27-4D09-993C-2D9F78C483D3
Message: And trump tells him he is a genius to his face

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 04/20/17 06:42:47 AM (514388567)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 37D62D3A-C114-4EDE-8062-BD3DEFC1B014

Message: its ok, he will believe it when it happens , and then hear I told you so. . trump tells everyone the exact
same thing. exact

Sender: [i

Time: 04/20/17 06:43:21 AM (514388601)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 18D4CA8C-0008-4EA4-AA2A-519BB9B341 BF

Message: Bill says 1. Trump will never get the budget cuts through. He claims he's spoken to senators and that
they will fight and that the White House can't unilaterally do a budget like that. 2. He says trump can't unilaterally change
the tax code.

Sender:

Time: 04/20/17 06:43:55 AM (514388635)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 65D57D4D-AD6F-4F69-8B23-FB74AED 1 9B8B

Message: 3. He says trump will be in power 3.5 more years or less and that his foundation has a 30 year life

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 04/20/17 06:44:01 AM (514388641)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3B40D94D-BC95-4F39-A 14E-00A82965 12CF
Message: watch obamare. see what tools he uses

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027235
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018117.txt,"33

would be to accept their losses, declare “victory” because the regime
survived, lick their wounds, prepare for indirect retaliation, and
resume nuclear activities on a clandestine basis. But a war might not
end cleanly, and the U.S. administration could find itself in a messy
and protracted conflict. This suggests the need for both an expansive
approach to net assessment and deep and broad preparation not just
of the military but also of the “home front” and the economy, for Iran
may choose to fight on these fronts as well as within its own borders
and in the region.

How well prepared is the United States for this kind of fight? This is
at least in part a question of national or societal resilience. If all
options are on the table, as both Bush and Obama Administration
spokesmen have insisted, are preparations for employing all options
being made ready? If not, then Iran may decide that some of the
options on the table lack credibility.

The second conclusion we should take from this discussion is that, in
attacking Iran, we would be trading one set of risks for another. Any
option we choose, even choosing not to choose, will have political as
well as military-strategic consequences. As hard as it is to know the
consequences of war, it is just as hard to know the consequences of a
decision to “learn to live” with a nuclear-armed Iran. Both courses
are fraught and logically open-ended. Thus the fear of potentially
negative consequences from a war should not necessarily rule one
out. Winston Churchill, reflecting on British policy before World
War II, wrote:

If the circumstances are such as to warrant it, force may be used. And
if this be so, it should be used under the conditions which are most
favourable. There is no merit in putting off a war for a year if, when it
comes, it is a far worse war or one much harder to win.17

In any case, if the United States decides to attack Iran it should
certainly look before it leaps and prepare itself for a hard landing.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018117
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023339.txt,"worth 8 million dollars. ( assuming phaidon srichard happens. 24 m savings not including artspace and debt
benefits certain to come later) FYI the phaidon transaction cannot happen as currently comtemplated IT
will not work . NOT

When we had our meeting in your home in Bedford. You asked me for my help. I told you multiple times
that i thought it was a very bad idea, in that I preferred to have no financial interactions. I dont have many
friends and didnt want money in any way to interfere with our unique relationship. Reminder, For five years
you had the kind but goofy Eileen Alexandersson as the sole manager of your accounting , legal, investments.
reporting, trusts etc. When I first told you in no uncertain terms that I firmly believed she was incompetent you
admonished me for "" speaking out of both sides of my mouth"". With regard Brad Wechsler , there has never
been a "" both sides. "". I have consistantly maintained since day one that he was highly unsuited for the
job. When you initially asked me to help convince him to take the role , promising him a position to manage
mirage investments I sent you a note saying that instead of hiring him you should pay up and get first class
people. I have reiterated the same message for over a year now. . Brad , not me ,was tasked with hiring new
people , according to his org chart.(nauseating ) and as you wanted him to take ownership of the staffjhe
conducted many interviews alone. . you may recall that as late as may, you told him in my presence that
though six months had passed he had not hired anyone. since then I have rectified errors in sales tax, use
tax, income tax, fbar reporting, 1031 reporting, 8 million of deductions missed errors of millions on the
returns. ,( april ) Oversight on new grats- first at 22 and then at 19 that were done without my consultation and
needed to be resolved soley as a result of my last minute intervention. . 600 million in after tax savings was
Just accomplished. though you left the 30 million outstanding that I had said should only be done” if” that was
my additional fee. not used for non biz purposes and not art.

in June and then again Sept, we both agreed to a 50% of phaidon payout first projected at 20 . but less when
artspace and debt taken out, - then only after weeks, when you delayed any detailed discussion of money
wanting to give the issue a thoughtful response ( which I fully understand ) . you unilaterally changed our
agreement.. 5m would be reserved for the future ? . and out of the remaining 15m ,? 1 would receive only a
third. (note: I'm confident that both the debt , and the art space investment will also lead to a write- off of
another 30 m. plus ) In my dining room ,you were surprised when I said that i require most people to pay
their advisory fee up front so that I am assured that I will be properly compensated for my work when
strategies are implemented . you may recall that you appeared offended and said "" are you suggesting that 1
would go back on my word"" I said no , of course not ! you are my closest of friends ,but my experience is
that when amounts get large, people tend to get unhappy when it actually comes time for them to pay.

I include below the email i sent to you on April 15, the day i was examining your returns It laid out my
understanding of the compensation agreed for a transaction of the magnitude to the penny of the one just
completed.ic 600m When it appeared that the transcation would and could go foward I was the first to point
out that our agreement would cost you too much money, therefore

From day one I proposed to discount our agreement toa 50-60 million range. An extremely fair price for
all the transactions just completed . including Phaidon. - JI was never told that this was out of range. in
fact, alternative methods of payment .ie my plane, or an -in-kind payment were discussed (

ie including keeping the 30m portion of the fee outstanding till March ) ,I provided , only because you
specifically requested a detailed step by step execution plan and reviewed all documents that 1 was given
access to. ( Phaidon was never forthcoming ) in order to make my many corrections . ( as i said more needed
on phaidon ). Iwas then told that Alans involvement warranted a discount. Even in the best of light ,
though it is beyond question that not one time in the three years of his retainer has he ever proposed a
unique idea. (including any way to deal with the use issue on debras death ,or even the most basic review of
your largest asset by far , the BRH agreement. ) O.K. - lets say he made a contribution to the plan and stretch
reality beyond the pale and say it was 50 %. though no one could posit such a large amount unless they were
wearing a clown suit. , the payment and our formula of 37 percent associated with the deal was known . It
had both sent in writing and spoken about on the phone numerous times , a detailed execution plan was
provided . then and only then, after the entire transaction was laid out for the group to follow You told

me that after a number of conversations with brad karp that a total of only 20m would be paid , (and even that
was more than you originally contemplated ) for both transactions . Leon I feel It was remarkably unfair. Did
brad even knew of our prior agreements.? ?, I would ask that you I and Brad karp sit together if you think it

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023339
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017224.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

in the marketplace of ideas. The ACLU policy has always been to oppose concerted efforts to
prevent speakers from delivering their remarks, as evidenced by the brief filed in its name in the
Franklin case. While supporting sporadic heckling and jeering that merely demonstrates
opposition to the content of the remarks, the ACLU has always condemned type set of concerted
efforts to silence invited speakers that occurred at Irvine.

Yet signatories of the letter -- which never once criticizes the censoring Muslim Union students
while condemning those who wanted to hear the speaker -- include ""Chuck Anderson,"" who
identified himself as President ACLU Chapter, Orange County and Chair, The Peace and Freedom
Party, Orange County;"" (a hard left anti-Israel group), and ""Hector Villagro,"" who identified
himself as ""Incoming Executive Director, ACLU of Southern California.""

Dean Chemerinsky, while opposing criminal prosecution, made a point to condemn the censoring
students:

“The students’ behavior was wrong and deserves punishment. There is no basis for the
claim that the disruptive students were just exercising their First Amendment rights. There
is no constitutional right to disrupt an event and keep a speaker from being heard.
Otherwise, any speaker could be silenced by a heckler's veto. The Muslim students could
have expressed their message in many other ways: picketing or handing out leaflets
outside the auditortum where Ambassador Oren was speaking, making statements during
the question and answer period, holding their own events on campus.”

The ACLU leaders, on the other hand, seemed to justify the actions of the censoring students
while limiting their condemnation to the pro-Israel students who wanted to hear the speaker.

After being criticized for supporting censorship, Villagro sought to justify his signing the letter by
the following ""logic:""

“The district attorney's action will undoubtedly intimidate students in Orange County and
across the state and discourage them from engaging in any controversial speech or protest
for fear of criminal charges.”

The opposite is true. If these students had been let off with a slap on the wrist from the
University, that would encourage other students around the nation and the world to continue with
the efforts to prevent pro-Israel speakers from delivering their speeches. Indeed, even after these
students were disciplined, other students tried to shut down several Israeli students, who had
served in the Israeli Army, from recounting their experiences. Had the school administered
appropriate discipline, I could understand an argument against piling on with a misdemeanor
prosecution, but the red badge of courage given to them by the college only served to encourage
repetition of their censorial conduct.

[37

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017224
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032884.txt,"New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032884
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024456.txt,"capability that is expected to increase in line with the 13.5% Adjusted EBITDA CAGR projected
until 2011.

ki2 continues to grow at an impressive rate, with annual enrollment growth projected in excess of 25%
over the next two years

— Many of k12’s direct costs are semi-fixed in nature (e.g., school administration) creating strong
economies of scale as this business continues to grow.

— With $70 million invested in the development of the platform for kindergarten to 9th grade classes,
extension of the offering into new states and schools is expected to be achieved at relatively low
costs.

@ Leading market position in early childhood education with significant brand equity

Leading market positions in early childhood education and before and after school programs
— Largest U.S. provider of ECE services (1,934 centers).

KLC OpCo’s U.S.
Market Position
LTM
Organization Capacity Revenue’ Centers Owner

KLC OpCo 253,000 $1,477.7° 1,934 KUE

La Petite Academy 89,000 411.1 649 JP Morgan
Bright Horizons 66,350 625.3 616 Public
ABC Learning® 69,000 220.7 460 Public

""LTM revenue in millions. KLC OpCo and Bright Horizons LTM as of 12/31/05, La Petite LTM as of
2/28/06, ABC (Learning Care Group) LTM as of 10/14/05.

* Pro forma for the effects of the acquisition of KinderCare in January 2005 and for the separation of
KLC into KLC OpCo and KLC PropCo in November 2005, as if those transactions and related
financing had occurred on January 1, 2004.

° Represents ABC's presence within the U.S. pro forma for the acquisition of the Learning Care
Group. ABC has approximately 1,167 total centers (707 of which are located in Australia and New
Zealand) and combined LTM revenue of $441.1 million using Learning Care Group LTM revenue of
$220.7 million as of 10/14/05 and ABC LTM revenue of $292.7 million AUD as of 6/30/05, converted
at an average exchange rate of .753 AUD/USD from 6/30/04 to 6/30/05.

— Second largest U.S. provider of ECE to employers (122 centers).

— Largest U.S. for-profit provider of before and after school programs (573 sites).

High brand awareness and customer recognition

— The programs are marketed primarily under the KinderCare, Children’s Discovery Centers,
Knowledge Beginnings, and Children’s World brand names. KinderCare enjoyed 87% aided
awareness as of November 2005.""

@ Superior competitive position of KLC OpCo as a result of proprietary curriculum, standards of
excellence and experience and scale

™ Source: Parthenon Conjoint Survey.

23

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024456
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033542.txt,"a

vox.com / Sean Illing Last week, the New York Times published a viral
article about reports of UFOs off the East Coast in 2014 and 2015. It
included an interview with five...

Sketching the Stars: How Art Can
Advance Astronomy

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033542
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015635.txt,"Edwards, Bradley vs. Dershowitz

Case No.: CACE 15-000072

Edwards and Cassells Response to Dershowitz's Motion to Determine Confidentiality of Court Records
Page 15 of 20

Similarly, Dershowitz appeared on NBC’s Today Show the morning after Edwards and
Cassell made a filing for Ms. Giuffre, to say that the Edwards and Cassell — and Ms. Giuffre —
were all “lying” in the court documents:

Question from Savannah Guthrie: Jn legal papers from the lawyers, they say you’ve
had, in fact, the opportunity to be deposed.

Answer from Alan Dershowitz: They’re lying. They’re lying.
Question: They show letters in which they offered to depose you.
Answer: And they didn’t show my letters in response saying, (a), if you ask me about
my legal relationship with Epstein and I’ll be happy to answer. . . . And I responded
that I would be happy to be deposed if you could give me any indication that I would
be a relevant witness .... They will be proved — all of them [i.e., Cassell, Edwards,
and Ms. Giuffre] — to be categorically lying and making up this story. And it will bea
terrible thing for rape victims. ... We [Epstein and Dershowitz] had an academic
relationship. I was never in the presence of a single, young, underaged
woman. When I was with him, it was with prominent scientists, prominent
academics. And they’re just — again — lying about this. I never saw him doing
anything improper. I was not a participant. I was not a witness.

Today Show, Jan. 22, 2015 (emphases added).

As another example, in Miami Herald, Dershowitz called the Joinder Motion that he
seeks to have sealed “the sleaziest Jegal document1 have ever seen. They [Edwards and
Cassell] manipulated a young, suggestible woman who was interested in money. This is a
disbarrable offense, and they will be disbarred. They will rue the day they ever made this false

charge against me” — i.e., Edwards and Cassell will “rue the day” they ever filed the Joinder

Motion. Miami Herald (Jan. 3, 2015).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015635
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023121.txt,"﻿                    The New Origins Project Presents:
                    Strange Bedfellows:  
                    Culture, Meet Science/Science, Meet Culture

This series will bring together cultural icons, celebrities, movie stars, directors, writers and musicians with famous scientists to talk about commonalities and differences.  Each segment will be moderated by scientist/author/provocateur Lawrence Krauss, who has spent much of his career successfully crossing the chasm separating science and culture.  When at Arizona State University, the Origins Project he created and led for a decade there produced singular events in which over 3000 people would regularly attend live, and up to 500,000 people would watch the recorded events to hear dialogues and panels, to be entertained and informed. 

First Season  (Proposed—23 participants have already agreed in principle)
       1.  Johnny Depp, Courtney Love, Michael Manson talk creativity in music versus creativity in Science with Nobel Laureates Frank Wilczek and Yuval Hoffman.
       2.  Woody Allen talks about the human condition with Linguist Noam Chomsky.
       3.  Ricky Gervais and Astronomer Royale, former President of the Royal Society, Martin Rees.
       4.  Sarah Silverman and Nobel Prizewinning economist Paul Krugman.
       5.  William Shatner and Nobel Prize winning physicists Kip Thorne/ Steve Weinberg or Elon Musk. 
       6.  Director Werner Herzog, Cormac McCarthy, with biologist Svante Paabo.
       7.  Ian McEwan and Nobel Laureate Biologist Elizabeth Blackburn.
       8.  Barack Obama and psychologist Steven Pinker.
       9.  Director Alex Garland and IT computer scientist Eric Horvitz/Larry Page 
       10.  Actor Bill Pullman and Nobel Prizewinning economist/psychologist Danny Kahneman.
       11.   Actor/writer Stephen Fry and Psychologist Robert Sapolsky
       12.  Actress Andie Macdowell and Evolutionary Biologist Richard Dawkins

The series will bring together Krauss and the directorial team that produced the Feature Documentary The Unbelievers.  Each episode will be shot in a beautiful location in a different city around the world.  We will go where the participants live, or work. 

Format will be moderated discussion.  Krauss will introduce each participant and begin the episode by asking some questions to provoke discussion.  The participants will be encouraged whenever possible to dialogue with each other as well.  The dialogues will take place among live audiences in beautiful theaters around the US and UK. We will take one or two questions from the audience to end the program before the program ends. 






                    Rough Budget:

Filming 	$100K/episode           	$1.2 Million
Venues	$50K/episode	$0.6 Million
Transportation	$15K/episode	$0.18 Million
Fees	$100K/episode	$1.2 Million

TOTAL Production Cost	$3.18 Million




"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024330.txt,"Table of Contents

WHAT WE DO WHAT WE DO NOT DO
YA significant portion of compensation is “at risk” and tied to long-term * No discretionary or guaranteed incentives payments
company performance . _.
x No new or legacy exercise-tax gross-up provisions
“Annual incentive plan metrics are solely based on company performance; . a .
J eee P * No option repricing without stockholder consent

awards are determined based on pre-established targets

/ Market-based executive compensation levels are reviewed by
Compensation and Nominating Committee annually

/  Performance-measured incentive awards are subject to a compensation
recoupment policy

/ Executives are prohibited from hedging

/ An independent compensation consultant is retained to evaluate our
executive compensation and make recommendations

We believe that we have designed executive compensation plans that effectively support our strategic and financial goals, create a culture of
teamwork, and are directly tied to the performance of the company and shareholder outcomes. We will continue to utilize rigorous governance processes to
monitor and evaluate the compensation programs as well as implement best practices in compensation governance. We welcome shareholder feedback on
our programs.

COMPENSATION OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES

Carvana seeks to create and maintain a culture of teamwork and high performance. Our executive compensation programs are one of the tools
we utilize to accomplish this objective. Philosophically, we aim to treat our executives fairly when considering:

* the complexity of their jobs,

¢ the market for their executive talent,

¢ their individual performance,

* the financial and strategic performance of the company, and

¢ the need to retain the executives.

Within that framework, it is critical that we meet our objectives to:
* attract and retain the best executive talent to support our growth,
* align the interests of our executives with those of our shareholders, and

* provide incentives that are linked directly to our long- and short-term strategy.

We set very challenging goals as our incentive compensation metrics and we expect that our executives will in aggregate be paid approximately
at the median for achieving those goals through the plans outlined in this CD&A. As evidenced by our track record of growth and strategic progress, our
approach to executive compensation has been effective.

22 -

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024330
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033224.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon

Sent: 2/3/2017 3:43:10 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: | love these Trump suck up guys....

Importance: — High
Do you think he gets what he wants?

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/02/business/dealbook/an-early-trump-backer-awaits-his-
reward.html?_r=o

Interesting piece on cognitive science/Trump. Right down your alley.

http://www.bijaadvisorsllc.com/trumpfog.html

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033224
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030595.txt,"Visit theguardian.com. On your mobile and tablet, download the Guardian iPhone and Android apps
theguardian.com/guardianapp and our tablet editions thequardian.com/editions. Save up to 57% by subscribing to the
Guardian and Observer - choose the papers you want and get full digital access. Visit subscribe.theguardian.com

This e-mail and all attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the named recipient, please
notify the sender and delete the e-mail and all attachments immediately. Do not disclose the contents to another person.
You may not use the information for any purpose, or store, or copy, it in any way. Guardian News & Media Limited is not
liable for any computer viruses or other material transmitted with or as part of this e-mail. You should employ virus
checking software.

Guardian News & Media Limited is a member of Guardian Media Group plc. Registered Office: PO Box 68164, Kings
Place, 90 York Way, London, N1P 2AP. Registered in England Number 908396

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030595
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016884.txt,"superintelligence to recursively improve its superintelligence, from the instant it is turned
on we will be powerless to stop it.

But these scenarios are based on a confusion of intelligence with motivation—of
beliefs with desires, inferences with goals, the computation elucidated by Turing and the
control elucidated by Wiener. Even if we did invent superhumanly intelligent robots,
why would they want to enslave their masters or take over the world? Intelligence is the
ability to deploy novel means to attain a goal. But the goals are extraneous to the
intelligence: Being smart is not the same as wanting something. It just so happens that
the intelligence in Homo sapiens is a product of Darwinian natural selection, an
inherently competitive process. In the brains of that species, reasoning comes bundled
with goals such as dominating rivals and amassing resources. But it’s a mistake to
confuse a circuit in the limbic brain of a certain species of primate with the very nature of
intelligence. There is no law of complex systems that says that intelligent agents must
turn into ruthless megalomaniacs.

A second misconception is to think of intelligence as a boundless continuum of
potency, a miraculous elixir with the power to solve any problem, attain any goal. The
fallacy leads to nonsensical questions like when an AI will “exceed human-level
intelligence,” and to the image of an “artificial general intelligence” (AGI) with God-like
omniscience and omnipotence. Intelligence is a contraption of gadgets: software modules
that acquire, or are programmed with, knowledge of how to pursue various goals in
various domains. People are equipped to find food, win friends and influence people,
charm prospective mates, bring up children, move around in the world, and pursue other
human obsessions and pastimes. Computers may be programmed to take on some of
these problems (like recognizing faces), not to bother with others (like charming mates),
and to take on still other problems that humans can’t solve (like simulating the climate or
sorting millions of accounting records). The problems are different, and the kinds of
knowledge needed to solve them are different.

But instead of acknowledging the centrality of knowledge to intelligence, the
dystopian scenarios confuse an artificial general intelligence of the future with Laplace’s
demon, the mythical being that knows the location and momentum of every particle in
the universe and feeds them into equations for physical laws to calculate the state of
everything at any time in the future. For many reasons, Laplace’s demon will never be
implemented in silicon. A real-life intelligent system has to acquire information about the
messy world of objects and people by engaging with it one domain at a time, the cycle
being governed by the pace at which events unfold in the physical world. That’s one of
the reasons that understanding does not obey Moore’s Law: Knowledge is acquired by
formulating explanations and testing them against reality, not by running an algorithm
faster and faster. Devouring the information on the Internet will not confer omniscience
either: Big Data is still finite data, and the universe of knowledge is infinite.

A third reason to be skeptical of a sudden AI takeover is that it takes too seriously
the inflationary phase in the AI hype cycle in which we are living today. Despite the
progress in machine learning, particularly multilayered artificial neural networks, current
AI systems are nowhere near achieving general intelligence (if that concept is even
coherent). Instead, they are restricted to problems that consist of mapping well-defined
inputs to well-defined outputs in domains where gargantuan training sets are available, in
which the metric for success is immediate and precise, in which the environment doesn’t

81

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016884
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015153.txt,"ambush candidate, Senator McCain would be ridiculed into a severe case
of buyer’ s remorse, his impulsive choice would backfire, and there would
then be an epidemic of schaedenfreude among Democats. But | must
admit, Ms. Palin, you have, dare | say, a certain Machiavellian charisma,
and | was not quite prepared for that. You said that you deliberately tried
to make yourself look frumpy, what with those Kawasaki eyeglasses and
that chocolate-rust cotton-candy hair-do, sort of like the secretary in a
porn movie who takes off her glasses and shakes her hair loose, then she
goes ahead and seduces her uptight boss right there on his own black
leather executive chair. Or so the comedians tell me, | wouldn’ t know. But
you might as well be the star of a porn movie, because your main
qualification to be vice president is that you Aave a vagina and you area
cunt. Allow me to parse that for you, Sarah. When | say that you were
appointed because you have a vagina, there is no way in semantic
purgatory that McCain would have chosen a man who had exactly the
same political positions and experience as you--except that your American
flag pin is bigger--so his having a penis would simply not make one iota of
difference. And, you’ re a cunt if for no other reason than, in your
acceptance speech, using Barack Obama as a prototype, you demeaned

countless dedicated and courageous community organizers across the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015153
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022999.txt,"Thank you,
Adam Klasfeld

Reporter, Courthouse News
ME (cell/Signal)

PGP Fingerprint for personal email: F427 EE3B 6F05 E5D5 785B 775B 2C74 683C 219D 91DC

Twitter: @KlasfeldReports Skype:

www.adamklasfeld.com

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022999
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031853.txt,"20

in a passage that should be inwardly digested not just by American
diplomats but also by American businessmen before they land in
Beijing, “use diplomacy to weave together political, military, and
psychological elements into an overall strategic design.” American
diplomacy, by contrast, “generally prefers ...c to be ‘flexible’; it feels
an obligation to break deadlocks with new proposals—
unintentionally inviting new deadlocks to elicit new proposals.” We
could learn a thing or two from the Chinese, Kissinger implies,
particularly Sun Tzu’s concept of shi, meaning the “potential energy”
of the overall strategic landscape. Our tendency is to have an agenda
of 10 different points, each one to be dealt with separately. They have
one big game plan. We are always in a hurry for closure, anxiously
watching the minutes tick away. The Chinese value patience; as Mao
explained to Kissinger, they measure time in millennia.

Such fundamental cultural differences may give rise to conflict with
China in the future, Kissinger warns: “When the Chinese view of
preemption encounters the Western concept of deterrence, a vicious
circle can result: acts conceived as defensive in China may be treated
as aggressive by the outside world; deterrent moves by the West may
be interpreted in China as encirclement. The United States and China
wrestled with this dilemma repeatedly during the Cold War; to some
extent they have not yet found a way to transcend it.”

Could the United States and the People’s Republic come to blows
again? The possibility cannot be excluded. As Kissinger reminds us,
war was the result when Germany rose to challenge Britain
economically and geopolitically 100 years ago. Moreover, the key
factor that brought America and China together in the 1970s—the
common Soviet enemy the Chinese called “the polar bear’—has
vanished from the scene. Old, intractable differences persist over
Taiwan and North Korea. What remains is “Chimerica,” a less-than-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031853
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017542.txt,"DANNY HILLIS

William Daniel “Danny” Hillis (born September 25, 1956,

in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American inventor, scientist,
engineer, entrepreneur, and author. He co-founded Thinking
Machines Corporation, a company that developed the
Connection Machine, a parallel supercomputer designed

by Hillis at MIT. He is also co-founder of the Long Now
Foundation, Applied Minds, Metaweb Technologies,

Applied Proteomics, and author of The Pattern on the

Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work.

Danny Hillis was born in Baltimore, Maryland
in 1956. His father, William Hillis, was a US Air Force
epidemiologist studying hepatitis in Africa and relocated with
his family through Rwanda, Burundi, Republic of the Congo,
and Kenya. He spent a brief part of his childhood in Calcutta,
India when his father was a visiting faculty at ISI, Calcutta.
During these years the young Hillis was home schooled by his
mother Aryge Briggs Hillis, a biostatistician, and developed an
early appreciation for mathematics and biology. His younger
brother is David Hillis, a professor of evolutionary biology
at the University of Texas at Austin, and his sister is Argye E.
Hillis, a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University.

In 1978 Hillis graduated from MIT with a BS degree
in mathematics, followed in 1981 with an MS
degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science (EECS), specializing in robotics.

During this time Hillis worked at the MIT Logo
Laboratory developing computer hardware and software for
children. He designed computer-oriented toys and games
for the Milton Bradley Company, and co-founded Terrapin
Software—a producer of computer software for elementary
schools. He also built a digital computer composed of

Tinkertoys that is on display at the Museum of Science, Boston.

Hillis’ major research, however, was into parallel
computing. Hillis designed the Connection Machine, a
parallel supercomputer; in 1983 Hillis co-founded Thinking
Machines Corporation to produce and market supercomputers
based on this design. In 1988, continuing this research, Hillis
received a PhD in EECS from MIT under doctoral advisers
Gerald Jay Sussman, Marvin Minsky and Claude Shannon.

Hillis co-founded Thinking Machines Corporation in
1983 while doing his doctoral work at MIT. The company was
to develop Hillis’ Connection Machine design into commercial
parallel supercomputers, and to explore computational
pathways to building artificial intelligence. Hillis’ ambitions
are represented by the company’s motto: “We’re building
a machine that will be proud of us,” and Hillis’ parallel
architecture was to be the main component for this task:

Clearly, the organizing principle of the brain is
parallelism. It’s using massive parallelism. The information
is in the connection between a lot of very simple parallel
units working together. So if we built a computer that was
more along that system of organization, it would likely
be able to do the same kinds of things the brain does.

At Thinking Machines Corporation, Hillis

built a technical team with many people that would

later become leaders in science and industry including
Brewster Kahle, Guy Steele, Sydney Brenner, David
Waltz, Jack Schwartz, and Eric Lander. He even recruited
Richard Feynman to spend his summers there. For many
years, Thinking Machines Corporation connection
machines were the fastest computers in the world.

During 1994, however, Thinking Machines filed for
bankruptcy. In 1996, after a short stint as a professor at the MIT
Media Lab, Hillis joined The Walt Disney Company full time
in the newly created role of Disney Fellow and Vice President,
Research and Development, Walt Disney Imagineering,
which Hillis claimed was an early ambition of his:

I’ve wanted to work at Disney ever since I was a
child... remember listening to Walt Disney on television
describing the ‘Imagineers’ who designed Disneyland.

I decided then that someday I would be an Imagineer.
Later, I became interested in a different kind of magic—
the magic of computers. Now I finally have the perfect
job—bringing computer magic into Disney.

At Disney, Hillis developed new technologies as well
as business strategies for Disney’s theme parks, television,
motion pictures, Internet and consumer products businesses.
He also designed new theme park rides, a full sized walking
robot dinosaur and various micro mechanical devices.

Hillis left Disney in 2000, taking with him Bran
Ferren, President of the Walt Disney Imagineering, R&D
Creative Technologies division. Together, Ferren and Hillis
founded Applied Minds, a company aimed at providing
technology and consulting services to firms in an array of
industries, including aerospace, electronics, and toys. In
July 2005, Hillis and others from Applied Minds initiated
Metaweb Technologies, Inc. to develop a semantic data storage
infrastructure for the Internet, and Freebase, an “open,
shared database of the world’s knowledge”. When Metaweb
was acquired by Google, the technology became the basis
of Google’s Knowledge Graph. Hillis, together with
Dr. David B. Agus, cofounded a spinoff of Applied Minds
called Applied Proteomics Inc which designed and
prototyped a machine that measures the level of proteins
in the blood for medical diagnosis.

Hillis’ work with Agus on cancer led to the
founding of the University of Southern California
Physical Sciences-Oncology Center (USC PS-OC),
funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Hillis
is the principle investigator of this program.

In 1993, with Thinking Machines facing its demise,
Hillis wrote about long-term thinking and suggested a
project to build a clock designed to function for millennia:

When I was a child, people used to talk about
what would happen by the year 2000. Now, thirty years
later, they still talk about what will happen by the year

2000. The future has been shrinking by one year per year

for my entire life. I think it is time for us to start a long-
term project that gets people thinking past the mental
barrier of the Millennium. I would like to propose a large
(think Stonehenge) mechanical clock, powered by seasonal
temperature changes. It ticks once a year, bongs once a
century, and the cuckoo comes out every millennium.

This clock became the Clock of the Long
Now, a name invented by the songwriter and composer,
Brian Eno. Hillis wrote an article for Wired magazine
suggesting a clock that would last over 10,000 years.

The project led directly to the founding of the Long Now
Foundation in 1996 by Hillis and others, including Stewart
Brand, Brian Eno, Esther Dyson, and Mitch Kapor.

Hillis asserts that parallelism itself is approximately
the main ingredient of intelligence; that there is not
anything else required to make a mind result from a
distributed network of processors. Hillis believes that

.. ntelligence is just a whole lot of little
things, thousands of them. And what will happen is
we Il learn about each one at a time, and as we doit,
machines will be more and more like people. It will
be a gradual process, and that’s been happening.

This is not so different from Marvin Minsky’s Society
of Mind theory, which holds that mind is a collection of agents,
each one taking care of a particular aspect of intelligence,
and communicating with one another, exchanging
information as required.

Some artificial intelligence theorists have other
opinions—that it’s not the underlying computational
mode that’s crucial, but rather particular algorithms
(of reasoning, memory, perception, etc.). Others
argue that the right combination of “little things” is
needed to give rise to the overall emergent patterns of
coordinated activity that constitute real intelligence.

Hillis is one of a small number of people
who have made a serious attempt to create such a
“thinking machine” and his ambitions are clear:

“T’d like to find a way for consciousness to
transcend human flesh. Building a thinking machine is
really a search for a kind of Earthly immortality. Something
much more intelligent than we can exist. Making a
thinking machine is my way to reach out to that.”

Hillis’ 1998 popular science book The Pattern on the
Stone attempts to explain concepts from computer science for
laymen using simple language, metaphor and analogy. It moves
from Boolean algebra through topics such as information
theory, parallel computing, cryptography, algorithms,
heuristics, Turing machines, and promising technologies
such as quantum computing and emergent systems.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017542
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022741.txt,"Epstein, in man-who-can-have-everything fashion, has, for many
years, ordered up a daily massage following his workout sessions.

“Often these were massage massages,” says Epstein matter of factly,
“but sometimes these were happy ending massages, especially in Palm
Beach, where there are many massage parlors—‘Jack Shacks,’ they’re
called—that do outcalls. There was no sex. An often there was no happy
ending. Often I would be on the phone for the entire massage. There were
however a lot of massages and a lot of girls, with one girl recommending
others.”

It is after Epstein’s round of publicity and widely touted association
with Clinton, that the mother of one of the massage parlor girls who went to
Epstein’s house (most of the girls return to Epstein’s house many times)
calls the police. The police interview the girl, Saige Gonzales, who then
supplies names of other girls. Some of whom are found to be younger than
18.

In the end, the police track down 18 girls—nine who are under 18; the
others in their 20s and 30s; one woman is in her 60s—a number of whom
give statements describing scenarios not terribly different from Epstein’s
description above, except each is laid out in clinical, lurid, and near-identical
detail. A cold and forceful Epstein demands that unwitting juveniles (though
they have come here for this very purpose) perform repulsive (or at least
repulsively described) acts on him. (Although the nature of the allegations
will dramatically grow, nobody at this point alleges that he did anything to
them.)

Epstein, tipped to the investigation, vastly raises the stakes, calling
Dershowitz, who flies into Palm Beach to put the local authorities in their
place—alienating Palm Beach officialdom—and, doubling down on the
profile of the case. Dershowitz brings in Roy Black the famous criminal
attorney who defended William Kennedy Smith in his rape trial in Palm
Beach.

Here’s the narrative: the shadowy rich man, friend of the louche and
disgraced President, at all times surrounded by a retinue of gorgeous
retainers doing his bidding, is now found to have gathered a network of
wrong-side-of-the-tracks Palm Beach girls to provide him with weird sexual
services. (It somehow reads weirder that he doesn’t have sex with them.) To
boot, his former girl friend, Ghislaine Maxwell—the daughter of the
disgraced Robert Maxwell—encouraged at least one of the girls to come to
Epstein’s home (and forever more has become a fixture of further weird
possibilities in this tale).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022741
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026895.txt,"foreseeable future. But, in aggregate, there has been more improvement than deterioration, in our
view.

In this Sunday Night Insight, we will provide a brief update on the steady factors and unsteady
undertow. We then conclude with our view that the steady factors will likely continue to win this tug-of-
war between the two.

Steady Factors

While the headlines warn of equity market carnage, the facts do not support such alarming headlines.
The S&P 500 is still up 5.1% on a year-to-date total return basis and financial conditions remain at
easier levels today than they did when the Federal Reserve began this tightening cycle in 2015,
despite the recent decline in equities and 0.76 percentage point increase in 10-year Treasury yields
year-to-date. Most importantly, as highlighted by Federal Reserve Chairman, Jerome Powell, we are
in “extraordinary times” of steady growth and low inflation.

Economic Growth

Economic growth remains firm in the US. Both the Institute for Supply Management leading indexes
for manufacturing and non-manufacturing remain at very strong levels. Current activity indicators of
real GDP growth average about 3.5% for the third quarter and closer to 4% for the fourth quarter.
Forecasts for third quarter real GDP average 3.8% and fourth quarter forecasts are about

2.8%. While growth is slowing from the 4.2% estimate of the second quarter, it is still forecast to be
above trend and we believe a modest slowdown is certainly preferable to continued growth at a pace
that was likely unsustainable and possibly even inflationary.

In aggregate, the economic data since the intraday peak of US equities on September 21st does not
point to any worrisome slowdown in GDP growth or the pace of employment. |n fact, while the recent
134K increase in non-farm payrolls was less than expectations, revisions to earlier months offset the
modest headline miss and the unemployment rate still fell to 3.7%. Furthermore, this 134k increase
is above the estimated sustainable level of employment growth based on population growth and
changes in labor force participation, which our colleagues in Goldman Investment Research estimate
is around 96k. Importantly, a modest slowdown in the 3-month average of non-farm payrolls, which
currently stands at a very robust 190k jobs, is more likely to keep inflation in check.

Robust Earnings and Buybacks

Continued above-trend economic growth is supporting solid corporate fundamentals. While many are
quick to dismiss this strength to US tax reform, it is only half the story. Earnings before interest and
taxes (EBIT) expanded by a very healthy 12% in the first half of this year and are expected to grow by
double-digits again in the third quarter. This robust organic profit growth is also fueling sizable
corporate buybacks—a key source of equity market support. Our colleagues on the corporate
buyback desk expect the highest dollar amount for buybacks on record in 2018, with $1tn in
authorizations and $850bn in executed buybacks.

Even so, such robust earnings growth has begun to foster concern that we have reached a peak in
EPS growth. While we do expect the pace of growth to slow next year, a local peak in earnings

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026895
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021601.txt,">
Page 1

09/30/2008

RRKKERKKKEEK CHILD LOCATE **#K RRR RRRK

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

Case Number: 31E-MM- 108062
Serial No.:

Does Accomplishment Involve

Drugs 2... 6 we we we ew ee ew EN
A Fugitive. .........:2N
Bankruptcy Fraud. ...... :N
Computer Fraud/Abuse. ... . s ON
Corruption of Public Officials: N
Money Laundering. ...... : N

Stat Agent Name:
Stat Agent SOC.:

Sub. Invest. Asst by Other FOs:

Investigative Assistance or Technique Used

FINAN ANALYST
AIRCRAFT ASST
COMPUTER ASST
CONSEN MONITR
ELSUR/FISC
ELSUR/ITI

ENG FIELD SUP
ENG TAPE EXAM
LEGATS ASST.
EVIDNCE PURCH
INFORMANT/CW
LAB DIV EXAMS

LAB FIELD SUP
PEN REGISTERS
PHOTO COVERGE
POLYGRAPH
SRCH WAR EXEC
SHOW MONEY
SOG ASST

SWAT TEAM
TECH AG/EQUIP
TEL TOLL RECS
UCO-GROUP 1
UCO-GROUP II

UCO - NAT BACK
NCAVC/VI-CAP
CRIM/NS INTEL
CRIS NEG-FED
CRIS NEG-LOC
ERT ASST
BUTTE-ITC
SAVANNAH- ITC
POC-WRCSC

FT. MON-NRCSC
FOR LANG ASST
NON FBI LAB EX

VICT-WITN COOR
10 WANTED FLYR
SARS

CART

ASSET FORF PRO
FORF SUPPORT P
TFOS/CTD
CXS/CTD
INFRAGARD/CYD
OFC/CID

PPP

[|

Assisting Agents SOC

WN

09/30/08 19:02:14

Report Date: 09/30/2008 b6
Accom Date.: 06/30/2008 b7c
b7E

Subject Name

Task Force

RA Squad

PBC PB2

Used, but did not help
Helped, Minimally
Helped, Substantially
Absolutely Essential

Living/Deceased: Living
Date Child Located: 06/30/2008

ENTERED UPON RECEIPT

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021601
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027553.txt,"Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 12/06/18 05:35:57 AM (565796157)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 37B802D4-85F1-4D01-B546-D6AD3CCFA422

Message: The pr guys think may be seen to be an attempt to buy my way out. That is

what the party of Davos would do.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 12/06/18 05:38:31 AM (565796311)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2F7DCD9B-9276-48C8-BIAF-FFD2E9D0A67F

Message: Like shroedingers cat , I am both
time until someone opens the box.

sender: iy

Time: 12/06/18 05:40:50 AM (565796450)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: ACD2DE53-6B4C-4440-ADBE-DAAB4C30D338

male deplorable and an elite at the same

Message: Just concepts now -- not turning this around this cycle-- mid and long game --

look @ federalist society

Sender: PF

Time: 12/06/18 05:47:18 AM (565796838)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: E8F49B1C-5B9B-4136-8166-547DB96D78BA

Message: You can't buy your way out--unbuyable-- can work your way out

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 12/06/18 05:47:40 AM (565796860)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: CDF74874-9465-4F40-B812-3CDAB058E950

Message: agreed

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027553
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032382.txt,"the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032382
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019126.txt,"James PATTERSON

making.* And it’s not like she’s running off to do something

crazy. After all, Wendy's assured her already that there's nothing

to worry about.

Mary’s father is Cuban—an immigrant—a self-made man who

runs a contracting business. He’s wise to the ways of the world

and highly protective of his two daughters. They're good girls, he
knows. Almost angels. As far as he knows, they don’t drink.
They've never tried drugs. They love clothes and, especially,
music—Britney Spears, Nelly Furtado, Maroon 5, the boy band

with that dreamy lead singer. Mary loves California, which she’s

never seen but daydreams about. She just knows she'll live there
someday—a plan that’s okay with her father as long as Mary
keeps up with her homework and chores.

What he worries about, in the meantime, is the crowd that
Mary runs with.

Joe is a fine boy. More responsible than most American boys
his age. But Joe’s cousin, Wendy, is another story. Mary’s father
doesn’t like Wendy at all and would have liked her even less had
he known about Wendy’s intentions.

In just one hour, Wendy’s told Mary, she can make more

money than her father makes in a day: “This guy in Palm Beach.

He’s rich. Very rich. He has an airplane. He owns an island, you
know?”

Like a lot of kids who live inland, away from the Florida
coast, Mary’s dreams reach way beyond the dull, scrubby flat-

* Wendy Dobbs’s name, some identifying details, and dialogue have been

changed.

10

ites

Sateen

lands and strip malls s.
that she wants to do anc
miles away, might as we
“Yes,” she had said, v
Then there was Joe t
“Who is this guy?” Jc
know a thing about him
“Hundreds of dollar:
quite look at Joe, but she
Joe seemed to think
conversation—some bac
hadn't even crossed Mar
would become a regular
“To rub his feet? Are:
it, why haven't you told °
“It's your cousin, Joe!
“The guy’s feet must |
“Shut up!”
“Tell your father.”
“You know how LC
everything.”
“Tm not going to som
“That's right. J am.”
“And if I told your fatl
“You'd never see me aj
Mary felt bad as she sz
She knew that it woul
Wendy had told her tk

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019126
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022308.txt,"Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 168/Tuesday, August 30, 2011/Rules and Regulations

54037

Board rejects both contentions because,
as explained in the NPRM, the Board
does not have the authority to impose
fines. 75 FR 80414, citing Republic Steel
Corp. v. NLRB, 311 U.S. 7, 10-12 (1940).
Another comment argues that the Board
should not provide remedies for failing
to post the notice because such
remedies are not provided under other
statutes. In fact, both remedies and
sanctions are imposed under some
statutes; see, e.g., 29 CFR 1601.30 (fine
of $110 per offense for failing to post
notice under Title VII); 29 CFR
825.300(a)(1) (same sanction for failing
to post notice under FMLA); cases cited
above for tolling of limitation periods
for failing to post notices under several
statutes.

One comment contends that the
proposed remedies were proposed
solely as means of deterring failures to
post the notices, and are therefore
inappropriate; several other comments
assert that the proposed remedies are
punitive.169 Although the Board
disagrees, there is language in the
NPRM that may have inadvertently
suggested that the enforcement
mechanisms were proposed solely for
deterrent purposes. The Board wishes to
correct any such misimpression. As
stated above, in explaining why it was
proposing those mechanisms, the Board
stated in its NPRM that it was “mindful
of the need to identify effective
incentives for compliance.” 75 FR
80413. Later, referring to tolling the
10(b) period and considering a willful
failure to post the notice as evidence of
unlawful motive, the Board said that it
“proposes the following options
intended to induce compliance with the
notice-posting requirement.” Id. at
80414. However, the Board made those
statements while explaining why it had
determined not to rely entirely on
employers’ voluntary compliance with
the rule. (The Board had had little
success in persuading employers to
voluntarily post notices of employee
rights during the critical period leading
up to a representation election.) Id. By
noting that the proposed enforcement
scheme would have some deterrent
effect in that context, the Board did not
mean to imply that it was proposing
those measures solely for deterrence
purposes. For the reasons discussed at
length above, the Board has found that
finding a failure to post the notices to
violate Section 8(a)(1) and, in
appropriate circumstances, to warrant
tolling the 10(b) period and/or inferring
unlawful motive in an unfair labor
practice case are legitimate remedial

169 See, e.g., comments of FMI, ALFA, AHCA.

measures supported by extensive Board
and court precedent.

In addition, in a number of places the
NPRM used the term “sanctions” in a
very loose sense to refer to aspects of the
proposed enforcement scheme,
inadvertently suggesting that this
scheme was punitive. The term
“sanctions” was an inapt choice of
descriptor for the enforcement scheme:
the classic 8(a)(1) remedial order has
long been upheld as nonpunitive;
equitable tolling is concerned with
fairness to employees, not punishment
of misconduct, and is fully consistent
with current Board doctrine; and the
animus provision is little more than the
common-sense extension of well-
established evidentiary principles that
apply to many other NLRA violations,
and is also not designed to punish
employers. That they may also furnish
incentives for employers to comply with
the notice-posting rule does not detract
from their legitimacy; if it were
otherwise, the Board could never
impose any remedy for violations of the
NLRA if the remedy had a deterrent
effect. In any event, the Board hereby
disavows any suggestion from
statements in the NPRM that the
remedial measures were proposed solely
as penalties.

Contrary to the tenor of numerous
comments opposing this rule,17° the
Board is not issuing the rule in order to
entrap unwary employers and make
operations more difficult for them
because of inadvertent or technical
violations. It is doing so in order that
employees may come to understand
their NLRA rights through exposure to
notices posted in their workplaces
explaining those rights. Accordingly,
the important thing is that the notices be
posted. As explained above, an
employer that fails to post the notice
because it is unaware of the rule, but
promptly posts the notice when the rule
is brought to its attention, will nearly
always avoid any further proceedings.
Similarly, an employer that posts the
notice but fails initially to comply with
one of the technical posting
requirements will almost always avoid
further problems by correcting the error
when it is called to the employer's
attention. And if an employer is unsure
of what the rule requires in a particular
setting, it can seek and receive guidance
from the Board.

The Service Employees International
Union and the United Food and
Commercial Workers propose that, in

170 For example, “This seems to be yet another
trap for the employers. Another avenue to subject
them to law suits and interrogations, and
uneconomic activities and ungodly expenditures.”

addition to the proposed enforcement
scheme, the rule state that an
employer’s knowing failure to post the
notice of employee rights during the
critical period before a representation
election shall be grounds for setting the
election aside on the filing of proper
objections. The Board finds that this is
unnecessary, because the Board’s notice
of election, which must be posted by an
employer three working days before an
election takes place, contains a
summary of employee NLRA rights and
a list of several kinds of unfair labor
practices, and failure to post that notice
already constitutes grounds for setting
an election aside.171 In any event,
during a union organizing campaign, the
union can instruct members of its in-
plant organizing committee to verify
whether the notice required under this
tule has been posted; if it has not, the
union can so inform the employer and,
if need be, the Board’s regional office.

Subpart C—Ancillary Matters

Several technical issues unrelated to
those discussed in the two previous
subparts are set out in this subpart.

IV. Dissenting View of Member Brian E.
Hayes

“Agencies may play the sorcerer’s
apprentice but not the sorcerer
himself.” 172

Today, my colleagues conjure up a
new unfair labor practice based on a
new statutory obligation. They impose
on as many as six million private
employers the obligation to post a notice
of employee rights and selected
illustrative unfair labor practices. The
obligation to post is deemed enforceable
through Section 8(a)(1)’s proscription of
interference with employees’ Section 7
rights, and the failure to post is further
penalized by equitable tolling of Section
10(b)’s limitations period and the
possible inference of discriminatory
motivation for adverse employment
actions taken in the absence of posting.
While the need for a more informed
constituency might be a desirable goal,
it is attainable only with Congressional
imprimatur. The Board’s rulemaking
authority, broad as it is, does not
encompass the authority to promulgate
a rule of this kind. Even if it did, the
action taken here is arbitrary and
capricious, and therefore invalid,
because it is not based on substantial
evidence and it lacks a reasoned
analysis.

171 See Section 103.20 of the Board’s Rules and
Regulations.

172 Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U.S. 275, 291
(2001).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022308
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010802.txt,"Oo Ow DU FP WN

NNNNNN HPP PHP RPP RPP PE
ne wWNP Ow @YH HB WNR OO

wo Orn nM WN

NNNNN NP PH PHP PP RP RB
vob WN FF OO ON AM BW NP OD

253

BY MR. SCAROLA:
Q. Who told you that the manifests confirm
the accuracy of your publie statements?
MR. SCOTT: If it involves lawyer-client
privilege, don't answer it.
THE WITNESS: Okay.
BY MR. SCAROLA:
Q. You're refusing to answer?
A. No, I would like --
MR. SCOTT: Instruct you not to answer.
A. -- to answer. But I've been instructed
not to answer. I would like to answer.
You've made a statement --
MR. SCOTT: There's no question pending.
THE WITNESS: But he made a statement --
MR. SCOTT: But there's no question
pending, sir.
BY MR. SCAROLA:
Q. What does it mean to make something up out
of whole cloth?
A. It means that Virginia Roberts and your
clients --
Q. No, sir, | haven't asked you anything
about Virginia Roberts. | haven't asked you
anything about my clients.

Oo On HU WN PR

NNNNNNPFP RF PR PPR PR
UP WNP Ow OY HU PWN RO

255

MR. INDYKE: Objection. This is Darren.

Anything that relates to your conversations

with Jeffrey --

THE REPORTER: He's going to have to speak
up.

MR. SCOTT: You're going to have to speak
up a little bit more, Counsel.

MR. INDYKE: Objection. This is Darren

Indyke. Anything that Alan might have to say

to that, to the extent they are covered under

conversations with Jeffrey Epstein, privileged

under attorney-client privileges as well as
common interest privileges.
MR. SCOTT: Do you understand?
THE WITNESS: I do.
BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. To which your response was: ""Sure, sure,
certainly I have been his lawyer and J did speak to
him about it. I wanted to make sure that his memory
and mine coordinated about when I was at his island.
He was able to check. I was able to check. |
checked with my friends who went with me.""

Did you make that answer to that question?

A. Yes.

Q. Disclosing the contents of your

254

1 want to know what the words ""making
something up out of whole cloth"" mean.

A. 1 said those words in the context of
Virginia Roberts.

MR. SCOTT: That's -- that's fine. Go
ahead.
BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. What do the words mean?

A. That there was absolutely no basis for
Virginia Roberts' claim that she had any sexual
contact with me. That the story was entirely false.
I don't know where the metaphor derives about whole
cloth, but certainly that's the common
understanding. And I repeat under oath that
Virginia Roberts made up the entire story about

having sexual contact with me out of whole cloth.

Q. During the course of the same interview
that we have been referencing with Hala Gorani —~
for the record, that's H-A-L-A, G-O-R-A-N-I.

A. What page?

Q. Page 19.

You were asked: ""I'm wondering, have you

spoken to Jeffrey Epstein about this since these
allegations came out in this suit in the United
States? Have conversations happened there?""

Oo On KH MP WN BP

PRR PP Pe RH
to OW HU PWN REO

communication with Jeffrey Epstein, correct?

A. I disclosed that | had spoken to him to
find out whether he had any records of when | was on
his island. And, yes.

MR. INDYKE: Again, this is Darren Indyke.
Jeffrey does not waive any attorney-client
privileges here.

BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. Well, the reason why you were able to
answer that question and discuss with the press what
Jeffrey Epstein was telling you was because you
weren't his lawyer at that time, right?

A. No, I was his lawyer at that time. I'm
still his lawyer.

Q. Oh, what were you representing him on
then --

A. The ongoing --

Q. -- that is, on January --

MR. SCOTT: Whoa.

BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. -- on January 5, 2015?

A. The ongoing --

MR. INDYKE: My objection stands.

MR. SCOTT: You can answer what you were
representing him on, | think.

20 (Pages 253 to 256)

www.phippsreporting.com
(888) 811-3408

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010802
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026204.txt,"From: ee

Sent: 9/24/2017 11:02:00 AM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

very wellita
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 24, 2017, at 1:48 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

get some rest. I need you healthy

On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 6:46 AM, <x wrote:
enjoy it sheik jeffrey & &

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 24, 2017, at 1:32 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

perfect. Ill be in paris oct 6

On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 6:31 AM, <q wrote:
i didnt get a good rest this month .. i think it is better to meet him in kuwait .. man do you love cuba that
much©

whenever you want .. november or before .. just send me an email and i will take care of your visit &
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 24, 2017, at 1:22 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

why are you up so early.? youneed rest. - !, I wanted you to know that If you think I should meet your
boss in New York , where there is less pomp Icandoso. / are you having fun?

On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 4:20 AM, {> wrote:

i didnt understand what you mean? do you want me to stay? or you want to see my boss?
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 24, 2017, at 8:35 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

If you think wise I could come to New York sunday evening and also leave tues

On Sat, Sep 23, 2017 at 9:38 PM <i wrote:

i got to ny today .. i hope you are having good time, as for my boss he is leaving tuesday .. i m travelling
back to europe tomorrow, if not, monday for sure. lets hope that we see you next in kuwait &

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026204
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028793.txt,"Year after year, the power of the “foxes” grows.

It was the great Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto who noticed — among other
things — that no matter what kind of government you think you have, there are

always some crafty insiders, the “foxes,” who take control of it.

Policies are set, programs are started... decisions are made... with no consent

of the people or their elected officials; the foxes work the angles.

Over time, the forces of law and order become more and more corrupt... as the

foxes bend the entire system to do their bidding.

Wars are started with no plan or intention to win them. Money is handed out

for no better reason than this: They can get away with it.
And best of all, most people are none the wiser; they believe the myths... and
attack anyone who challenges them.

Rip-Off

Perhaps the biggest rip-off of all time has taken place over the last eight years

— and in plain sight of everybody.

Via the magic of ultra-low rates, the Fed — a nest for the wiliest and most
cunning of the foxes — took roughly $8 trillion out of the pockets of savers and
retirees and handed it to borrowers.

Who is the world’s biggest borrower?

Yes... it’s the Deep State itself.

The Fed claimed to be helping to “stimulate” the economy. But you can’t really

stimulate an economy by stealing from the people who produce wealth and

provide it with capital.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028793
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026665.txt,"All U.S. resident custodians and end-investors with holdings of foreign portfolio securities above the
reporting thresholds must report. In addition, all U.S.-resident custodians and end-investors that are
notified by the FRBNY are required to file a report.

The reporting threshold for Schedule 2 is $200 million in total fair value of all foreign securities owned
by the SHC Reporter and not held with a U.S.-resident custodian. The reporting threshold for Schedule
3 is $200 million in total fair value of foreign securities held with any one unaffiliated U.S.-resident
custodian that is not a central securities depository.

Custodians are all organizations that hold securities in safekeeping for other organizations. Most U.S.-
resident custodians also invest in foreign securities for their own account. U.S.-resident custodians
should report both the foreign portfolio securities held in safekeeping for other U.S. residents and their
own foreign portfolio securities.

End-investors are U.S.-resident organizations that invest in foreign securities for their own portfolios or
invest on behalf of others, such as investment managers/fund sponsors. This includes securities that are
held-for-trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. U.S.-resident end-investors include, but are not
limited to:

° Financial and non-financial organizations
° Managers of private and public pension funds
° Managers/sponsors of funds, country funds, unit-investment funds, exchange-traded funds,

collective-investment trusts, hedge funds or any other similarly pooled, commingled funds. Also
managers/sponsors of private equity companies, venture capital companies, hedge funds and other
private investment vehicles

° Insurance companies

° Foundations

° Institutions of higher learning

° Trusts and estates

e Funds and similar entities that own shares or units of, or other portfolio equity interests in,

a foreign related or non-related entity

Form SHC is comprised of three schedules:

Schedule 1 - Must be filed by all entities that 1) receive a copy of the SHC forms and instructions
from the FRBNY, or 2) are notified by the FRBNY that they are required to file the SHC report.
Schedule 1 requests information that identifies the reporter. It also provides contact
information, indicates the reporting status, and summarizes the data, if any, reported on
Schedule 2 and/or Schedule 3.

Schedule 2 - Used to report detailed information on foreign securities owned by U.S.-resident
investors (1) that the reporter safe-keeps for itself or for its U.S.-resident clients or (2) for which
the reporter directly employs foreign-resident sub-custodians or U.S.-resident or foreign-
resident central securities depositories (CSDs) to manage the safekeeping of those securities
(Foreign securities in safekeeping with U.S.-resident CSDs are reportable on Schedule 2.) or (3)
that are instruments of the type that there is no U.S. custodian to manage the safekeeping of
those securities.

Schedule 3 - Used to report summary amounts for all foreign securities entrusted to the
safekeeping of a U.S.-resident custodian, excluding those entrusted to a U.S. - resident CSD.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026665
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024318.txt,"Table of Contents

board of Cleveland Clinic Florida, a non-profit, multispecialty academic hospital; and as a member of the board of the Cleveland Clinic. Mr. Maroone
previously served on the Cleveland Clinic Board of Trustees and was co-chairman of the Florida Leadership Board of the Cleveland Clinic. He holds a B.S.
degree in small business management from the University of Colorado Boulder. Mr. Maroone was selected to serve on our Board because of his advisory
experience and his extensive experience in the automotive retail industry

INDEPENDENCE STATUS

The listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit
committee, and compensation committee, and nominating committee be independent and that audit committee members also satisfy independence criteria
set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.

Our Board has determined that each of our non-employee directors, including our director nominees Dan Quayle and Gregory Sullivan, meets
the requirements to be an independent director. In making this determination, our Board considered the relationships that each non-employee director has
with Carvana and all other facts and circumstances that our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including beneficial ownership of
our Class A common stock.

CONTROLLED COMPANY STATUS

For purposes of the corporate governance rules of the NYSE, we are a “controlled company.” Controlled companies under those rules are
companies of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group, or another company. The Garcia
Parties beneficially own more than 50% of the combined voting power of Carvana Co. Accordingly, we expect to be eligible for, but do not currently intend
to take advantage of, certain exemptions from the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. Specifically, as a “controlled company,” we would not
be required to have:

* amajority of independent directors,

* anominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the
committee’s purpose and responsibilities,

* acompensation committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and
responsibilities, or

* an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and governance and compensation committees.

-10-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024318
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020537.txt,"78

¢ The US government should not unilaterally grant Chinese think-tank or university
scholars ten-year visas, as it has been doing, without exacting across-the-board
reciprocal treatment for US think-tank and university scholars. At the same time,
the US government should also advocate consistently on behalf of US think-tank
and university scholars who have been barred from visiting China.

Two core values cut across all of our concerns: freedom of speech and reciprocity. As a
democratic society, we should tolerate no infringements—overt or covert—on our
freedom of speech and freedom of analysis concerning China. A “leveling of the
playing field” in terms of upholding the principles and practicalities of reciprocity in
our exchanges with Chinese counterparts is needed, because it is an essential part of
making the relationship both more equitable and reciprocal and more stable and thus
durable.

NOTES

1 These include: the American Enterprise Institute, Asia Society, Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, Brookings Institute, Center for American Progress, Center for Strategic and International Studies,
Council on Foreign Relations, International Peace Institute, Institute for China-American Studies, Kissinger
Institute on China and the United States, and Stimson Center.

Think Tanks

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020537
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023477.txt,"20

the world. The idea was planted during the 1970s, when the institutes
linked with the German political parties played a key role in beating
back an attempted Communist takeover in Portugal and facilitating
that country’s transition to democracy. The 1980s saw the
establishment of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), a
taxpayer-funded but quasi-independent organization devoted to
support of pro-democracy groups around the world. One of the
NED’s early successes was its funding of the Solidarity trade union in
Poland before the collapse of communism. The 1990s saw the growth
of a host of international organizations capable of monitoring
elections and the funding of the Democracy and Governance branch
of the U.S. Agency for International Development to the tune of
almost $1.5 billion annually.

By the late 1990s, there was some degree of convergence in the
agendas of economists and political scientists. By that point Douglass
North and the school of “New Institutional Economics” he founded
made economists aware of the importance of political institutions—
particularly property rights—for economic growth. Economists
increasingly sought to fold political variables like legal systems and
checks on executive power into their models. Political science had
itself been colonized at this point by economic methodology, and it
was natural for such rational-choice political scientists to start
looking at the economic impact of political institutions.

The return to a more interdisciplinary approach to development was
marked as well by the tenure of James Wolfenson as President of the
World Bank from 1995 to 2005.4 Wolfenson early on gave a speech
on the “cancer of corruption” and signaled to the institution that,
henceforth, political issues like corruption and good governance
would be taken seriously. The publication of the 1997 World
Development Report, The State in a Changing World, marked an
intellectual break with the Washington Consensus focus on economic

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023477
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025725.txt,"Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: FF485414-02BB-4DBC- 9FC3-0B90DC47388B

Message: Don't know but real folks costing lot of coin

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/23/18 07:37:36 AM (556727856)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D653B20E-C9A4-401A-8B4A-2CDE70BC5364

r

Message: NFL

Sender:

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Message: Exactly

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

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Message: Can meet at 301 East 66 , if you prefer . I will send apt #
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Message: I don't like he regency as it is totally wired

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025725
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022769.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022769
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016674.txt,"TOP 100 PALM BEACH ACCOUNTS BY AVERAGE MONTHLY CONSUMPTION FY 07-08

Customer's Name

1 BREAKERS PB INC

2 OCEAN GRAND RESORTS

3 BREAKERS PB INC

4 BREAKERS PB INC

5 TRUMP,DONALD J

6 PALM BEACH TOWERS CO

7 TOWN OF PALM BEACH

8 2000 CONDOMINIUM ASSOC

9 BEACH POINT CONDO ASSOC
10 COUNTY ROAD PROPERTY LLC
11 PALM BEACH BILTMORE CONDO ASSOC INC
12 REEF CONDO ASSOC INC
13 KRAMER,IRWIN
14 2295 S OCEAN BLVD ASSOC
15 PATRICIAN MGMT CORP
16 KRAVIS,HENRY R
17 2100 CONDO ASSOC INC
18 ENCLAVE OF PB CONDO ASSOC,THE
19 OCEAN COVE CONDO
20 123 LLC
21 SCHWARZMAN,STEPHEN
22 2500 S OCEAN BLVD INC
23 SYDELL MILLER
24 LEVERETT HOUSE INC
25 SUTTON PLACE CONDO ASSOC INC
26 SUN & SURF
27 BOHL REAL ESTATE MGMT CORP
28 STERLING PALM BEACH LLC
29 OASIS Ill CORP
30 WINTHROP HSE COND
31 KESSLER,PATRICIA
32 LA PALMA COND APTS
33 HENRY MORRISON FLAGLER MUSEUM
34 BRAZILIAN COURT MGMT INC

35 CHOPIN TRUSTEE PB TR,L FRANK
36 PALM BEACH COUNTRY CLUB

37 TH COURT LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
38 THE COLONY HOTEL

Address 1
100 E MAIN ST
2800 S OCEAN BLVD
100 VIA BETHESDA
100 PINEWALK
1100 S OCEAN BLVD
44 COCOANUT ROW
2301 S OCEAN BLVD
2000 S OCEAN BLVD
2660 S OCEAN BLVD
515 N COUNTY RD
150 BRADLEY PL
2275 S OCEAN BLVD
1295 S OCEAN BLVD
2295 S OCEAN BLVD
3450 S OCEAN BLVD
700 N LAKE WAY
2100 S OCEAN BLVD
3170 S OCEAN BLVD
2600 S OCEAN BLVD
455 N COUNTY RD
1768 S OCEAN BLVD
2500 S OCEAN BLVD
1415 S OCEAN BLVD
110 SUNSET AVE
2778 S OCEAN BLVD
100 SUNRISE AVE
184 BRADLEY PL

10 ROYAL POINCIANA PLZ

3120 S OCEAN BLVD
100 WORTH AVE

120 CASA BENDITA
2860 S OCEAN BLVD
1 WHITEHALL WAY
300 BRAZILIAN AVE
300 N LAKE WAY

760 N OCEAN BLVD
363 COCOANUT ROW
155 HAMMON AVE

FY 07-08 Average
Monthly

Consumption in
CCF

5,277
3,908
3,009
2,879
2,746
2,671
1,827
1,637
1,527
1,373
1,292
1,278
1,226
1,145
1,139
1,078
1,027
979
977
925
908
890
887
845
838
813
809
792
772
750
730
720
715
712
666
664
662
650

Average
Monthly
Consumption
in Gallons

3,947,138
2,922,839
2,250,962
2,153,780
2,053,663
1,997,735
1,366,769
1,224,131
1,142,311
1,026,755
966,309
955,714
916,933
856,115
851,627
806,023
767,966
732,062
731,084
691,900
678,839
666,008
663,361
632,233
626,651
608,469
604,758
592,202
577,456
560,827
545,810
538,330
534,762
532,921
498,382
496,672
495,521
485,855

FY 07-08
Average
Monthly Bill

$18,277.80
$13,305.34
$10,545.23
$10,134.22
$9,826.33
$6,435.42
$5,890.04
$3,675.58
$3,390.44
$6,011.29
$2,890.03
$2,889.17
$4,020.31
$3,459.06
$3,676.41
$3,100.25
$2,517.47
$2,255.78
$2,255.21
$2,883.96
$2,882.59
$1,991.55
$2,873.34
$1,993.92
$1,992.96
$2,447.50
$1,762.83
$2,869.67
$1,731.67
$2,190.64
$2,261.12
$1,866.68
$2,539.20
$2,414.10
$1,901.99
$2,413.12
$2,178.26
$2,285.71

Premise
Type
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
RES-MULT
GEN
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES
RES
RES-MULT
RES
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
GEN
RES-MULT
RES-MULT
RES
RES-MULT
GEN
GEN
RES
GEN
GEN
GEN

Percentage of
Total Avg Monthly
Consumption for
Palm Beach
2.23%
1.65%
1.27%
1.22%
1.16%
1.13%
0.69%
0.69%
0.65%
0.58%
0.55%
0.54%
0.52%
0.48%
0.48%
0.46%
0.43%
0.41%
0.41%
0.39%
0.38%
0.38%
0.37%
0.36%
0.35%
0.34%
0.34%
0.33%
0.33%
0.32%
0.31%
0.30%
0.30%
0.30%
0.28%
0.28%
0.28%
0.27%

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016674

ercentage o
Total Avg
Monthly
Revenue for
Palm Beach

1.10%
1.00%
0.63%
0.58%
1.03%
0.49%
0.49%
0.69%
0.59%
0.63%
0.53%
0.43%
0.38%
0.38%
0.49%
0.49%
0.34%
0.49%
0.34%
0.34%
0.42%
0.30%
0.49%
0.30%
0.37%
0.39%
0.32%
0.43%
0.41%
0.32%
0.41%
0.37%
0.39%
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021629.txt,"1 09/30/08 19:12:44
09/30/2008 HAKKKERERER CHILD LOCATE *e eee RRR
SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED
Case Number: 31E-MM-108062 Stat Agent Name: Report Date: 09/30/2008 b6

Serial No.:

Does Accomplishment Involve

Sub. Invest. Asst by Other FOs:

Stat Agent SOC.:

Investigative Assistance or Technique Used

FINAN ANALYST
AIRCRAFT ASST

LAB FIELD SUP
PEN REGISTERS

UCO - NAT BACK
NCAVC/VI-CAP

Assisting Agents SOC

VICT-WITN COOR
IO WANTED FLYR

COMPUTER ASST PHOTO COVERGE CRIM/NS INTEL SARS

CONSEN MONITR POLYGRAPH CRIS NEG-FED CART
ELSUR/FISC SRCH WAR EXEC CRIS NEG-LOC ASSET FORF PRO
ELSUR/IIT SHOW MONEY ERT ASST FORF SUPPORT P
ENG FIELD SUP SOG ASST BUTTE-ITC TFOS/CTD

ENG TAPE EXAM SWAT TEAM SAVANNAH- ITC CXS/CTD

LEGATS ASST. TECH AG/EQUIP POC-WRCSC INFRAGARD/CYD
EVIDNCE PURCH TEL TOLL RECS FT. MON-NRCSC OFC/CID
INFORMANT/CW UCO-GROUP | FOR LANG ASST PPP

LAB DIV EXAMS

UCO-GROUP II

NON FBI LAB EX

WN =

b7C
bTE

Accom Date.: 06/30/2008

Subject Name

Drugs ve ee ee ee mn | LC
A Fugitive... 2... 2.0 2 N |

Bankruptcy Fraud. ......:2N |

Computer Fraud/Abuse. .. . . 2 N | RA Squad Task Force
Corruption of Public Officials: N | SS obras resides we
Money Laundering. ...... :N | PBC PB2 SSPBC

= Used, but did not help
= Helped, Minimally

= Helped, Substantially
= Absolutely Essential

Living/Deceased: Living
Date Child Located: 06/30/2008

ENTERED UPON RECEIPT

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021629
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022320.txt,"Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 168/Tuesday, August 30, 2011/Rules and Regulations

54049

are required to bargain in good faith ina
genuine effort to reach a written, binding
agreement setting your terms and conditions
of employment. The union is required to
fairly represent you in bargaining and
enforcing the agreement.

“Tegal conduct will not be permitted. If
you believe your rights or the rights of others
have been violated, you should contact the
NLRB promptly to protect your rights,
generally within six months of the unlawful
activity. You may inquire about possible
violations without your employer or anyone
else being informed of the inquiry. Charges
may be filed by any person and need not be
filed by the employee directly affected by the
violation. The NLRB may order an employer
to rehire a worker fired in violation of the
law and to pay lost wages and benefits, and
may order an employer or union to cease
violating the law. Employees should seek
assistance from the nearest regional NLRB
office, which can be found on the Agency’s
Web site: http://www.nirb.gov.

You can also contact the NLRB by calling
toll-free: 1-866-667—NLRB (6572) or (TTY)
1—866-315—NLRB (1-866-315-6572) for
hearing impaired.

If you do not speak or understand English
well, you may obtain a translation of this
notice from the NLRB’s Web site or by calling
the toll-free numbers listed above.

“*The National Labor Relations Act covers
most private-sector employers. Excluded
from coverage under the NLRA are public-
sector employees, agricultural and domestic
workers, independent contractors, workers
employed by a parent or spouse, employees
of air and rail carriers covered by the Railway
Labor Act, and supervisors (although
supervisors that have been discriminated
against for refusing to violate the NLRA may
be covered).

“This is an official Government Notice and
must not be defaced by anyone.”

Subpart B—General Enforcement and
Complaint Procedures

§ 104.210 How will the Board determine
whether an employer is in compliance with
this part?

The Board has determined that
employees must be aware of their NLRA
rights in order to exercise those rights
effectively. Employers subject to this
rule are required to post the employee
notice to inform employees of their
rights. Failure to post the employee
notice may be found to interfere with,
restrain, or coerce employees in the
exercise of the rights guaranteed by
NLRA Section 7, 29 U.S.C. 157, in
violation of NLRA Section 8(a)(1), 29
U.S.C. 158(a)(1).

Normally, the Board will determine
whether an employer is in compliance
when a person files an unfair labor
practice charge alleging that the
employer has failed to post the
employee notice required under this
part. Filing a charge sets in motion the
Board’s procedures for investigating and
adjudicating alleged unfair labor

practices, and for remedying conduct
that the Board finds to be unlawful. See
NLRA Sections 10-11, 29 U.S.C. 160—
61, and 29 CFR part 102, subpart B.

§ 104.211 What are the procedures for
filing a charge?

(a) Filing charges. Any person (other
than Board personnel) may file a charge
with the Board alleging that an
employer has failed to post the
employee notice as required by this
part. A charge should be filed with the
Regional Director of the Region in
which the alleged failure to post the
required notice is occurring.

(b) Contents of charges. The charge
must be in writing and signed, and must
be sworn to before a Board agent, notary
public, or other person authorized to
administer oaths or take
acknowledgements, or contain a
declaration by the person signing it,
under penalty of perjury, that its
contents are true and correct. The
charge must include:

(1) The charging party’s full name and
address;

(2) If the charge is filed by a union,
the full name and address of any
national or international union of which
it is an affiliate or constituent unit;

(3) The full name and address of the
employer alleged to have violated this
part; and

(4) A clear and concise statement of
the facts constituting the alleged unfair
labor practice.

§ 104.212 What are the procedures to be
followed when a charge is filed alleging that
an employer has failed to post the required
employee notice?

(a) When a charge is filed with the
Board under this section, the Regional
Director will investigate the allegations
of the charge. If it appears that the
allegations are true, the Regional
Director will make reasonable efforts to
persuade the respondent employer to
post the required employee notice
expeditiously. If the employer does so,
the Board expects that there will rarely
be a need for further administrative
proceedings.

(b) If an alleged violation cannot be
resolved informally, the Regional
Director may issue a formal complaint
against the respondent employer,
alleging a violation of the notice-posting
requirement and scheduling a hearing
before an administrative law judge.
After a complaint issues, the matter will
be adjudicated in keeping with the
Board’s customary procedures. See
NLRA Sections 10 and 11, 29 U.S.C.
160, 161; 29 CFR part 102, subpart B.

§ 104.213 What remedies are available to
cure a failure to post the employee notice?

(a) If the Board finds that the
respondent employer has failed to post
the required employee notices as
alleged, the respondent will be ordered
to cease and desist from the unlawful
conduct and post the required employee
notice, as well as a remedial notice. In
some instances additional remedies may
be appropriately invoked in keeping
with the Board’s remedial authority.

(b) Any employer that threatens or
retaliates against an employee for filing
charges or testifying at a hearing
concerning alleged violations of the
notice-posting requirement may be
found to have committed an unfair labor
practice. See NLRA Section 8(a)(1) and
8(a)(4), 29 U.S.C. 158(a)(1), (4).

§ 104.214 How might other Board
proceedings be affected by failure to post
the employee notice?

(a) Tolling of statute of limitations.
When an employee files an unfair labor
practice charge, the Board may find it
appropriate to excuse the employee
from the requirement that charges be
filed within six months after the
occurrence of the allegedly unlawful
conduct if the employer has failed to
post the required employee notice
unless the employee has received actual
or constructive notice that the conduct
complained of is unlawful. See NLRA
Section 10(b), 29 U.S.C. 160(b).

(b) Noncompliance as evidence of
unlawful motive. The Board may
consider a knowing and willful refusal
to comply with the requirement to post
the employee notice as evidence of
unlawful motive in a case in which
motive is an issue.

Subpart C—Ancillary Matters

§ 104.220 What other provisions apply to
this part?

(a) The regulations in this part do not
modify or affect the interpretation of
any other NLRB regulations or policy.

(b)(1) This subpart does not impair or
otherwise affect:

(i) Authority granted by law toa
department, agency, or the head thereof;
or

(ii) Functions of the Director of the
Office of Management and Budget
relating to budgetary, administrative, or
legislative proposals.

(2) This subpart must be implemented
consistent with applicable law and
subject to the availability of
appropriations.

c) This part creates no right or
benefit, substantive or procedural,
enforceable at law or in equity by any
party against the United States, its
departments, agencies, or entities, its

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022320
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028963.txt,"Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028963
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013143.txt,"12.6 The Ethical Treatment of AGIs 227

Law Principle

Zeroth A robot must not merely act in the interests of individual
humans, but of all humanity.

First A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction,
allow a human being to come to harm.

Second A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except
where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

Third A robot must protect its own existence as long as such pro-

tection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Table 12.7: Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics

indefinitely. The second law also casts humanity in the role of slavemaster, a situation which
history shows leads to moral degradation.

Unlike Asimov in his fiction, we consider it critical that AGI ethics be construed to encompass
both “human ethicalness to AGIs” and “AGI ethicalness to humans.” The multiple-imperatives
approach we explore here suggests that, in many contexts, these two aspects of AGI ethics may
be best addressed jointly.

The issue of ethicalness to AGIs has not been entirely avoided in the literature, however.
Wallach [WA10] considers it in some detail; and Thomas Metzinger (in the final chapter of
[Met04]) has argued that creating AGI is in itself an unethical pursuit, because early-stage
AGIs will inevitably be badly-built, so that their subjective experiences will quite possibly be
extremely unpleasant in ways we can’t understand or predict. Our view is that this is a serious
concern, which however is most probably avoidable via appropriate AGI designs and teaching
methodologies. To address Metzinger’s concern one must create AGIs that, right from the start,
are adept at communicating their states of minds in a way we can understand both analytically
and empathically. There is no reason to believe this is impossible, but, it certainly constitutes
a large constraint on the class of AGI architectures to be pursued. On the other hand, there is
an argument that this sort of AGI architecture will also be the easiest one to create, because it
will be the easiest kind for humans to instruct.

And this leads on to a topic that is central to our work with CogPrime in several respects:
imitative learning. The way humans achieve empathic interconnection is in large part via being
wired for imitation. When we perceive another human carrying out an action, mirror neuron
systems in our brains respond in many cases as if we ourselves were carrying out the action (see
[Per70, Per81] and Appendix ??). This obviously primes us for carrying out the same actions
ourselves later on: i.e., the capability and inclination for imitative learning is explicitly encoded
in our brains. Given the efficiency of imitative learning as a means of acquiring knowledge, it
seems extremely likely that any successful early-stage AGIs are going to utilize this methodology
as well. CogPrime utilizes imitative learning as a key aspect. Thus, at least some current AGI
work is occurring in a manner that would plausibly circumvent Metzinger’s ethical complaint.

Obviously, the use of imitative learning in AGI systems has further specific implications for
AGI ethics. It means that (much as in the case of interaction with other humans) what we do
to and around AGIs has direct implications for their behavior and their well-being. We suggest
that among early-stage AGI’s capable of imitative learning, one of the most likely sources
for AGI misbehavior is imitative learning of antisocial behavior from human companions. “Do
as I say, not as I do” may have even more dire consequences as an approach to AGI ethics
pedagogy than the already serious repercussions it has when teaching humans. And there may
well be considerable subtlety to such phenomena; behaviors that are violent or oppressive to

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013143
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016472.txt,"Can you send me the DA's appellate brief in the sex-offender registry case?
| understand you may have to redact the names of any victims.

Please let me know as soon as possible.
Thank you,

Sue

Susan Edelman
Reporter
1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10036

917-584-7675

sedelman@nypost.com

This email communication and any files transmitted with it contain privileged and confidential
information from the New York County District Attorney's Office and are intended solely for the use of
the individuals or entity to whom it has been addressed. If you are not the intended recipient, you are
hereby notified that any dissemination or copying of this email is strictly prohibited. If you have received
this email in error, please delete it and notify the sender by return email.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016472
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018576.txt,"male anti-abuse educator who lectures in colleges around the country. Bullet-headed and
aggressive in stance, he said a lot of valuable things -- particularly about how men ought
to take ownership of problems we traditionally consider ""women's issues."" It's certainly
true that if we want to end male abuse of women, men must participate in the movement.
But although Katz discussed some issues of masculinity, I heard little about how we can
make things better for men. His proposition of a men's movement was centered around
correcting the things some men are doing wrong.

Although they're often watered down, many feminist concepts have gone mainstream.
For instance, Americans have some consciousness of traditional feminist critiques about
how women's bodies are represented in the media. Indeed, that consciousness has become
so endemic that, in a grandly ironic twist, marketers now capitalize on it to sell beauty
products: the nationwide Dove Campaign for Real Beauty attempts to use
deconstruction of the media's representation of women to sell Dove soap. Americans
are also quite aware of men as the privileged class -- sometimes regarded outright as the
oppressors.

But this shift in awareness about gender issues faced by women has not been
accompanied by a widespread understanding of gender issues faced by men. And that
creates situations like an activist working towards a masculinity movement that talks
mainly about how men are hurting women, or a trans man who has trouble with the idea
of transitioning partly because he doesn't want to be a white man -- one of the oppressors.

How can awareness of oppressive dynamics make it difficult for men to own their
masculinity? Does male privilege ever make life harder for men? When does male
privilege blind us to oppression of masculinity? There's some mainstream awareness of
gender issues faced by women; is there any similar awareness of the problems of
masculinity?

A good friend of mine first caught my attention by talking about gender. We encountered
each other ata BDSM meetup, and when I mentioned that I'd been thinking about the
boxes around masculine sexuality, he launched into a rant about oppressive sexual
dynamics. He gave me references to complex sexuality blogs and intelligently used
words like ""heteronormative"" and ""patriarchy."" But a month or so after we started talking,
I mentioned his interest in gender issues... and he gave me a puzzled look. ""I'm not really
into gender studies,” he said.

He talks about sex, gender and culture all the time -- but he also specifically identifies as
highly masculine, and felt that to be at odds with identifying as someone who questions
masculinity. As Thomas Millar writes in his aforementioned article: ""There's a huge
unstated assumption that to even address the question [of male sexuality], for men, is to
mark one's self as ‘other.’ ... cis het men are brought up to fear that their masculinity could
ever be called into question. By even opening up a dialog, I think some folks fear that
they are conceding that their sexuality is not uncontroversial.”

Men currently experience this problem in a way that women do not. In other words,
women don't risk being seen as unfeminine as easily as men risk being seen as
unmasculine; nor do we have quite the same fears about it. In 2008, a group of
researchers published a paper called ""Precarious Manhood.” Their concluding statement:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018576
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016314.txt,"creators—for instance, a good model of the Earth’s climate should be able to predict the
consequences of a rising global temperature even if this wasn’t something considered by
the scientists who designed it. However, when it comes to understanding the human
mind, these two goals—accuracy and generalizability—have long been at odds with each
other.

At the far extreme of generalizability are rational theories of cognition. These
theories describe human behavior as a rational response to a given situation. A rational
actor strives to maximize the expected reward produced by a sequence of actions—an
idea widely used in economics precisely because it produces such generalizable
predictions about human behavior. For the same reason, rationality is the standard
assumption in inverse-reinforcement-learning models that try to make inferences from
human behavior—perhaps with the concession that humans are not perfectly rational
agents and sometimes randomly choose to act in ways unaligned with or even opposed to
their best interests.

The problem with rationality as a basis for modeling human cognition 1s that it is
not accurate. In the domain of decision making, an extensive literature—spearheaded by
the work of cognitive psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky—has
documented the ways in which people deviate from the prescriptions of rational models.
Kahneman and Tversky proposed that in many situations people instead follow simple
heuristics that allow them to reach good solutions at low cognitive cost but sometimes
result in errors. To take one of their examples, if you ask somebody to evaluate the
probability of an event, they might rely on how easy it is to generate an example of such
an event from memory, consider whether they can come up with a causal story for that
event’s occurring, or assess how similar the event is to their expectations. Each heuristic
is a reasonable strategy for avoiding complex probabilistic computations, but also results
in errors. For instance, relying on the ease of generating an event from memory as a
guide to its probability leads us to overestimate the chances of extreme (hence extremely
memorable) events such as terrorist attacks.

Heuristics provide a more accurate model of human cognition but one that is not
easily generalizable. How do we know which heuristic people might use in a particular
situation? Are there other heuristics they use that we just haven’t discovered yet?
Knowing exactly how people will behave in a new situation is a challenge: Is this
situation one in which they would generate examples from memory, come up with causal
stories, or rely on similarity?

Ultimately, what we need is a way to describe how human minds work that has
the generalizability of rationality and the accuracy of heuristics. One way to achieve this
goal is to start with rationality and consider how to take it in a more realistic direction. A
problem with using rationality as a basis for describing the behavior of any real-world
agent is that, in many situations, calculating the rational action requires the agent to
possess a huge amount of computational resources. It might be worth expending those
resources 1f you’re making a highly consequential decision and have a lot of time to
evaluate your options, but most human decisions are made quickly and for relatively low
stakes. In any situation where the time you spend making a decision is costly—at the
very least because it’s time you could spend doing something else—the classic notion of
rationality is no longer a good prescription for how one should behave.

To develop a more realistic model of rational behavior, we need to take into

94

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016314
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029342.txt,"From: Lesley Groff 
Sent: 5/7/2013 5:55:30 PM 
To: Epstein Jeffrey [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: Rising Star 
Importance: High 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: ""Lisa Rossi"" < 
Subject: Rising Star 
Date: May 7, 2013 1:02:53 PM EDT 
To: Jeffrey <__________________________ 
Reply-To: Lisa Rossi bdnlev gfparhr@cp20.com  
Dear Jeffrey-
We are thrilled to announce that we are working with Congressman Hakeem Jeffries, one of the rising stars in 
the New York Congressional delegation. Sometimes referred to as ""Brooklyn's Barack"", he is a staunch 
supporter of President Obama and a progressive voice for the people of New York City. NY1 did a profile piece 
about his work on the vitally important Budget and Judiciary committees in Washington. You can watch the  
video here  or read the text below. 
Hakeem is committed to electing a Democratic majority in 2014 and is encouraging his friends to participate in 
the DCCC/DSCC fundraising dinner with President Obama this coming Monday night. Shoot us an email or 
give us a call at (212) 531-2858 if you would like to get involved with the dinner, or would like to get an 
opportunity to get to know Hakeem better. He is an impressive guy and who will be a progressive voice in New 
York politics for years to come. 
Thanks, 
Darren Rigger, Lisa Rossi & Walter Swett 
Dynamic SRG 
NY!: Hakeem Jeffries Positions Himself For Long Career In Washington 
Apr 29, 2013 
By: Michael Scotto 
Hakeem Jeffries is only about four months into his freshman year in Congress but he's already positioning 
himself for a long career in Washington. NY 1 's Michael Scotto filed the following report. 
If you're looking to knock Hakeem Jeffries off message, you won't get very far. 
""There's a hip hop song, every day I'm hustling, and I kind of feel that way down here in Washington,"" Jeffries 
said. ""In a positive manner, of course."" 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029342 
The freshman congressman from Brooklyn and a sliver of Queens is an ambitious work horse who always 
appears to have his eye on the prize. 
""I'll be shuffling back and forth between budget and judiciary for the better part of the morning, making sure we 
time it correctly so that I'm able to ask questions in both situations,"" he said. 
He's a big change from Congressman Ed Towns, who retired after holding the seat for 30 years. 
On any given day, Jeffries is traveling through the Capitol, attending hearings on the Judiciary and Budget 
committees, two of the most prominent in the lower chamber. 
For Jeffries, those two assignments allow him to serve as a counterweight to the Republican leadership and to 
talk up the President, whom he and his district overwhelmingly support. 
""My job, I believe, is to help the administration of Barack Obama help us back at home,"" Jeffries said. 
In his first four months, Jeffries has championed himself as a progressive, introducing legislation to help student 
loan recipients and voting against a bill Friday to ease the impact of automatic spending cuts to the FAA 
because it didn't stop cuts to programs that are impacting the poor. 
In the months and years ahead, Jeffries says there's plenty to do. 
""There's no shortage of the people's business down in Washington, D.C. and that's why the job is one that is a 
serious endeavor,"" he said. 
A serious endeavor that is also very much on message. 
You are subscribed to this mailing list as____________________________ Please click here to modify your message 
preferences or to unsubscribe from any future mailings. We will respect all unsubscribe requests. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029343 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022446.txt,"Inference: International Review of Science

Feedback & Comments

Robert Berwick
Professor of Computational Linguistics and Computer Science and Engineering at MIT.

“Tam truly delighted that you and others have started publishing such a journal as Inference,
which touches on so many of my own concerns and interests - I have been meaning for years to
write articles on evolutionary theory (some like the fine ones you’ve already published); on big
data and its discontents (I have one on the deep troubles with deep learning); on the sloppy
connectome neuroscience (which you’ve covered); and so on - in fact, many of the topics on your
“hit list”. Your abbreviations alone are priceless.”

Simon Blackburn
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge.

“Many thanks for the new issue link and for the prompt payment. Unusual in the publishing
world.”

“Fascinating. I had not realised how high you aimed.”

Ralph Blumenthal
Former reporter for The New York Times.

“Thanks, looks impressive. Unable to take on anything else now but will keep in mind.”

Cedric Boeckx
Research Professor at the Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies.

“Thanks for your invitation to contribute to Inference, your patience & advice. I think it came out
nicely.”

Alexander Bogomolny
Cut The Knot blog.

g

“T loved the journal - very broadly informative. I plan to making references to a few articles.’

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022446
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013625.txt,"literature and science, their opinions and claims derived exclusively from biblical
quotation. Their particularly favorites were Paul’s letters and some of the later
prophets, particularly Jesus-auguring Isaiah. “In the beginning was the word...”
became the real reality. The meaning of life was Scripture as explicated by their
book church pastors. They scribbled notes in the margins of their Bible pages
during sermons They were displeased when | interpreted the wild imagery and 666
symbolism of Revelations from the point of view of the historicity of encoded political
messages, meanings hidden for the safety of the early Jews in their world of Greco-
Roman governance. Twenty-five years, before the glut of books by Tim LaHaye, my
well-educated sons claimed that Revelations was literal and foretold the coming
tribulation that augured the end of the world and ascension to heaven of the
believers. My youngest, since childhood a well-read history buff, now viewed New
Testament scripture as sui generisly, divinely and literally true. They said the
conduct of their lives their meaning had been clarified by the biblical truths revealed
to them by The Book. What | did not say was that much of the talk seemed to me to
be an intellectually and spiritually impoverished miasma of cant and righteousness.
At the same time, their remarkable transformation appeared to be the expression of
a powerful and mystical force, the scientific understanding of which has been the
ostensible focus my life’s work. Why did their alterations appear so alien, strange
and forbidding?

Born to a home of psychoanalytically and scientifically oriented political
liberals, these precociously bright and worldly sophisticated young men were
suddenly transformed into, unrecognizable to me, radical Christian
Fundamentalists. They are now in their late thirties and remain just as ardent,
Christian patriotic, Right Wing voters to this day. The eldest is now an executive in
Morris Cerullo’s San Diego based, worldwide missionary movement, raising money
for revival and media ministries. He travels to and is involved with hundreds of
Fundamentalist Christian churches in countries ranging from Argentina and Africa to
the Middle East and Russia. He hasn’t allow me to contact his children, my
grandson and granddaughter, because, in vague talk and mostly silent implication, |

and people like me are seen as sources of potentially satanic, worldly

125

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013625
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019668.txt,"180 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

out his knowledge, just as he had copied them without the NSA’s
knowledge. As former U.S. intelligence officers pointed out to me,
adversary services could not be expected to shirk from employing
their full capabilities once they learned that an American “agent of
special services,” as Putin called him, had brought stolen NSA docu-
ments to Hong Kong.

The Times reported from Hong Kong that two sources, both of
whom worked for major government intelligence agencies, “said
they believed that the Chinese government had managed to drain
the contents” of the laptop that Snowden brought to Hong Kong.
That China had the capability to obtain Snowden’s data was also
the view of the former CIA deputy director Morell. He said, “Both
the Chinese and the Russians would have used everything in their
tool kit—from human approaches to technical attacks—to get at
Snowden’s stolen data.”

Snowden would not have been a particularly difficult target for
them, especially after he started disclosing secrets to journalists at
the Mira hotel. Not only could the Chinese service approach the

® security staff at the Mira, but they could track him after he left the ©
hotel and moved, along with his computers, in and out of several
residences arranged by his carer. Snowden, after all, had put himself
in the hands of people whom he had never met before, including
three Hong Kong lawyers, a carer, and three Guardian journalists.
It is likely that the efforts of these adversary intelligence services to
find him, and the NSA data, would further intensify after Snowden
revealed to the South China Morning Post on June 12 that he had
access to NSA lists of computers in China and elsewhere that the
NSA had penetrated.

It wouldn’t be only the Chinese service on his trail. The Rus-
sian intelligence service would also likely be tasked to acquire these
NSA documents after Snowden’s meeting with Russian officials in
Hong Kong. And while he could get away with giving coy and elu-
sive answers to journalists who asked him about the whereabouts of
the NSA data, the Russian and Chinese officials in Hong Kong who
could offer him an escape route from prison would likely demand
more specific answers about the whereabouts of data they had not
already obtained by technical means.

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 180 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019668
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032674.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032674
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014503.txt,"6 The Virgin Islands Daily News

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Tuesday, December 13, 2016

Oswald Harris Court raid yields 2 marijuana arrests

By SUZANNE CARLSON
Daily News Staff

ST. THOMAS — A massive op-
eration involving more than a dozen
armed local and federal officers —
while a helicopter circled overhead
— at Oswald Harris Court on Fri-
day evening yielded two marijuana
arrests.

Jose Squiabro, 42, and Yasim Ross,
31, both of Oswald Harris Court,
were arrested as a result of the opera-
tion, according to court documents.
Both were charged with possession
of marijuana with intent to distribute
and released Monday after posting
$10,000 bond each. Arraignment for
the two men is scheduled for Jan. 5.

Friday’s operation shut down the
housing community and caused
alarm for residents around Estate
Thomas, Long Bay and Centerline
Road.

More than a dozen armed officers
secured the intersection around Build-
ing 9 in the housing community as a
US. Customs and Border Protection
helicopter flew overhead. None of the
officers would say what they were do-
ing, but they were dressed in tactical

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gear, some armed with long guns that
appeared to be semi-automatic rifles,
and officers wore body armor labeled
as being from the Drug Enforcement
Administration or police.

Probable cause affidavits filed
Monday against Squiabro and Ross
shed light on the operation, known as
“December Reign.”

The operation is a joint effort by
officers from Homeland Security In-
vestigations, U.S. Customs and Bor-
der Patrol, the Bureau of Alcohol, To-
bacco, Firearms and Explosives, the
Drug Enforcement Agency, the Jus-
tice Department, and the VI. Police
Department. It is meant to patrol St.
Thomas housing communities, “due
to the recent increase in gun violence
in those areas,” according to the af-
fidavit for Ross.

At 4:45 p.m. Friday, officers ap-
proached a group of men around
Building 20 and noticed Squiabro
drop a partially smoked joint, accord-
ing to the affidavit.

Officers recovered the joint and
105 bags containing marijuana, ac-
cording to the affidavit. The affida-
vit does not note how large the bags
were or the total weight of marijuana

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recovered.

Officers also recovered $1,045 in
cash and a Samsung cell phone from
Ross, both of which were returned to
him, according to the affidavit.

Squiabro’s criminal history includes
a 1993 arrest for second-degree bur-

Daily News file photo
A U.S. Customs and Border Protection helicopter circles Estate Thomas
on Friday evening as police on the ground secured the intersection around
Building 9 at Oswald Harris Court housing community on St. Thomas.

glary, which was dismissed in 1997;
a 1996 arrest for possession of stolen
property, for which he was sentenced to
a $500 fine, one year in jail suspended
after six months, and two years’ proba-
tion; and a 2001 arrest for possession of
an unlicensed firearm, for which there

Crack dealer arrested in

By SUZANNE CARLSON
Daily News Staff

ST. THOMAS — Federal agents
arrested a crack cocaine dealer in
Red Hook on Saturday as part of
an ongoing investigation targeting
armed drug trafficking, according to
court documents.

Tolomah Foy was arrested and
charged with possession of crack
cocaine with intent to distribute, ac-
cording to an affidavit filed Monday
by a special agent with the U.S. Bu-
reau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms
and Explosives, also known as the
ATF.

The arrest came as a result of oper-
ation “Total Recall,’ an ATF initiative
on St. Thomas that began in August
and is ongoing, according to the af-
fidavit.

“This investigation focuses on the
armed drug trafficking fueling vio-
lence which has resulted in over 48

homicides to date,” according to the
affidavit.

Agents focused on armed drug
traffickers operating in Red Hook, a
commercial bar and restaurant dis-
trict frequented by a large number
of tourists, and have created cases
against 10 subjects for federal fire-
arm and narcotics violations so far,
according to the affidavit.

On Nov. 11, an undercover agent
made a cold contact with Foy, also
known as “T;’ who led the agent
behind Tap and Still and sold him
approximately 3 grams of crack co-
caine, according to the affidavit.

The agent exchanged phone num-
bers with Foy and called him on Nov.
14 to arrange another transaction out-
side the Fresh Mart Grocery store.

Foy asked the agent to instead meet
him behind Tap and Still, where he
sold him approximately 6 grams of
crack cocaine for $200, according to
the affidavit. On Nov. 17, Foy sold the

Dr. Luis Frias,

Board Certified Neurologes! and Clinical Neurophysiologist

was “no known disposition” listed in
court documents.

Similar to Squiabro’s arrest, at
about 5:50 p.m. Friday, officers ap-
proached Ross and other men near
the 1st Stop Gas Station in Estate
Thomas, which is located south of
Oswald Harris Court. When asked
whether he had any illegal substanc-
es, Ross said, “yeah I have a little
weed in my back pocket,” according
to the affidavit.

Officers found a total of 2.2 ounces
of marijuana packaged in various plas-
tic bags in Ross’ possession and arrest-
ed him, according to the affidavit.

Ross’s criminal history includes a
2003 arrest for third-degree burglary;
a June 2009 arrest for delaying and
obstructing; a Sept. 2009 arrest for
first-degree robbery, possession of a
dangerous weapon, and unauthorized
use of a vehicle; and he was arrested
in January and charged with destruc-
tion of government property.

Court documents list “no known
disposition” for each of Ross’s prior
arrests.

— Contact Suzanne Carlson at
340-714-9122 or email scarlson@
dailynews.vi.

Red Hook

agent 9 grams of crack cocaine for
$600 at the same location.

On Friday, the agent exchanged
text messages with Foy and ar-
ranged for another transaction,
and on Saturday, agents recorded
a phone call with Foy in which he
agreed to sell approximately $1,500
worth of crack cocaine, according
to the affidavit.

The agent met with Foy at approxi-
mately 6:15 p.m. Saturday in the rear
parking lot of Tap and Still, “con-
sequently the ATF cover teams de-
scended on scene and arrested Foy,”
according to the affidavit.

Agents retrieved 15 grams of crack
cocaine from Foy on Saturday, and
seized approximately a total of 32
grams of crack cocaine from Foy dur-
ing the investigation, according to the
affidavit.

— Contact Suzanne Carlson at
340-714-9122 or email scarlson@
dailynews.vi.

Dr. Frias provides treatment and management of neurological disorders including:

Epilepsy * Muscle diseases * Peripheral nerve diseases * Nerve damage © Cerebral palsy
Headaches © Mobility disorders * Neurogenetic diseases * Neurobehavior disorders
Birth defects of the brain and spinal cord * Mental retardation & developmental delay

Stroke, Brain Tumors & Neurofibromatosis.

© 340-719-0681 { )

iamond R

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014503

Adult Appointments: C
340-713-7000 * 4100 Sio

"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023311.txt,"all the transactions just completed . including Phaidon. - I was never told that this was out of range. in
fact, alternative methods of payment .ie my plane, or an -in-kind payment were discussed (

ie including keeping the 30m portion of the fee outstanding till March ) ,I provided , only because you
specifically requested a detailed step by step execution plan and reviewed all documents that 1 was given
access to. ( Phaidon was never forthcoming ) in order to make my many corrections . ( as i said more needed
on phaidon ). Iwas then told that Alans involvement warranted a discount. Even in the best of light ,
though it is beyond question that not one time in the three years of his retainer has he ever proposed a
unique idea. (including any way to deal with the use issue on debras death ,or even the most basic review of
your largest asset by far , the BRH agreement. ) O.K. - lets say he made a contribution to the plan and stretch
reality beyond the pale and say it was 50 %. though no one could posit such a large amount unless they were
wearing a clown suit. , the payment and our formula of 37 percent associated with the deal was known . It
had both sent in writing and spoken about on the phone numerous times , a detailed execution plan was
provided . then and only then, after the entire transaction was laid out for the group to follow You told

me that after a number of conversations with brad karp that a total of only 20m would be paid , (and even that
was more than you originally contemplated ) for both transactions . Leon I feel It was remarkably unfair. Did
brad even knew of our prior agreements.? ?, I would ask that you I and Brad karp sit together if you think it
would be helpful. . I would like to send him this email, with your consent of course. Ifthe transactions were
never consummated , i would not be owed a dime, however , the expected fee was known up front. , the
detailed step by step plan was followed and overseen by me, the amount that I had requested before the
transaction had even begun, had already been heavily discounted, out of friendship, . I believe the decision re
only paying 20m has frankly , left me felling quite uneasy. and colors the view about the Athene or
Rothschild transaction.

Date: Wed, Jan 6, 2016 at 12:44 PM

Subject: Fwd:

To: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY ,

In the spirit in which it is sent. our friendship is intact and solid , though ,it has taken a hit.

Mark was here this morning , the proposed transactions are extremely complex . and would take a great
deal of my detailed time. I do not know how, and even, if ,to move forward - . After months of hearing that
you would have no problem paying a large fee if you could only ascertain value. The last transaction. a
transaction which you saved over 600 million in tax. declared bullet proof by your attnys, and even if you
want to disoccount for its future realization, creating a savings of over 300 million real dollars. For some
reason you chose to ignore our agreements , verbal written and emailed -and at the very last minute , after the
deal was complete decided that it was only worth 8 million dollars to you and your family. . ( assuming
phaidon -richard happens. there isa 24m savings not including artspace and debt write down
benefits- certain to come later .. IMPORTANT NOTE

the phaidon transaction as currently contemplated will not work . WILL NOT !!

When we had our meeting in your home in Bedford. You asked me for my help. I told you multiple times
that i thought it was a very bad idea, in that I greatly preferred to have no financial interactions. I don't have
many friends and didn't want money in any way to interfere with our unique relationship. Reminder, For five
years you had the kind, but very goofy Eileen Alexandersson as the sole manager of your massive accounting ,
legal, investments. reporting, trusts etc. When I first told you in no uncertain terms that I firmly believed she
was incompetent you admonished me for "" speaking out of both sides of my mouth"". With regard Brad
Wechsler, there has never been a "" both sides. "". I have consistantly maintained since day one that he was
highly unsuited for the job. When you initially asked me to help convince him to take the role , promising him
a position to manage mirage investments I sent you a note saying that instead of hiring him you should pay up
and get first class people. I have reiterated the same message for over a year now. . Brad , not me ,was tasked
with hiring new people , according to his biz school org chart.(nauseating ) and as you wanted him to take
ownership of the staff,he conducted many interviews alone. . you may recall that as late as may, you told him in
my presence that though six months had passed he had not hired anyone. since then I have rectified errors in
sales tax, use tax, income tax, fbar reporting, 1031 reporting, 8 million of deductions missed errors of millions

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023311
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025043.txt,"As for raising the economy’s growth
potential, the president was more
persuasive. His emphasis on reforming the
tangled and counterproductive corporate
tax code was especially welcome, and
relatively likely to draw GOP support. He
offered several promising ideas on
education, including a promise of “high-
quality preschool” for all children, though
how that would square with his promise not
to increase the deficit by a single dime
went unexplained. He sounded a ringing
call for greater federal attention to college
cost containment. “Taxpayers can’t keep on
subsidizing” spiraling tuition, he said,
candidly and correctly.

As European trading partners had hoped,
the president endorsed negotiations for a
transatlantic free-trade zone, which would
help America’s export industries and the
jobs that depend on them. Coupled with an
agreement that Obama is promoting for the
Pacific region, the proposal has the
potential to make his second term fruitful
for global trade. He also suggested raising
the federal minimum wage, from $7.25 per
hour to $9 — although the precise amount
is less important, in our view, than the
president’s call for annual cost-of-living
adjustments.

In keeping with Mr. Obama’s theme of
nation-building at home, foreign policy
played a secondary role in his speech. He
promised to bring home half of the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025043
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022203.txt,"From: Al seckel [ 
Sent: 12/11/2010 9:01:17 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Screen shot 
Importance: High 
This is a screen shot of a google search on your name taken about one minute ago, and this is 
BEFORE the next big sweep. I UNDERSTAND your point about ""one thing kills me,"" but the daily 
beast article is gone, the other ones, including the powerful Huffington Post, are about to be pushed 
off. And, out stuff is on top. 
Top of Form 
Instant 
Search's 'an 
Bottom of Form 
Web Images Videos Maps News Shopping Gmail more v  
Advanced search 
About 324,000 results (0.21 seconds) 
Search Results 
1. Jeffrey Epstein - Wikipedia, the  
free encyclopedia  
Jeffrey Edward Epstein (born January 
20, 1953 in Coney Island, New York) is a 
Jewish-American financier and 
philanthropist. Epstein was raised in 
Coney ... 
Philanthrophic Work The Epstein 
Foundation - Promotion of Scientists 
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein - 
Cached - Similar 
2. Images for jeffrey epstein  
- Report images 
Web History I Search settings I Sign in  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022203 
3. Jeffrey Epstein: International  
Moneyman of Mystery  
He's pals with a passel of Nobel Prize—
winning scientists, CEOs like Leslie 
Wexner of the Limited, socialite 
Ghislaine Maxwell, even Donald Trump. 
nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/n_791 
2/ - Cached - Similar 
4. Jeffrey Epstein I Profiles in  
Science  
Jeffrey Epstein presents some of the 
greatest minds and finest scientists 
working today. 
www.jeffreyepsteinscience.com/ - Cach 
5. Jeffrey Epstein, MD, FACS,  
Miami, New York Hair Transplant  
Surgeon  
Dr. Epstein and the hair transplant 
surgeons at the Foundation for Hair 
Restoration are experts in the field of hair 
restoration. Dr. Epstein is one of the ... 
www.foundhaircom/pades/about.shtml  
Cached - Similar 
6. Jeffrey Epstein - Blackboard  
Jul 21, 
2010 ... Jeffrey Edward Epstein in a 
hedge fund mogul and convicted sex 
offender from New York. Born in Coney 
Island, he attended Lafayette High ... 
www.businessinsider.com/blackboard/  
frey-epstein - Cached 
7. Jeffrey Epstein, Convicted  
Pedophile And Former Hedge Fund  
Titan ...  
Jul 21, 2010 ... Jeffrey Epstein, the 
former hedge fund manager who 
pleaded guilty to soliciting an underage 
girl for prostitution, is now free of the ... 
www.huffingtonpost.com/.../jeffrey-
epstein-
disgraced_n_654674.html - Cached 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022204 
8. Jeffrey Epstein on Sports  
An old school look at today's sport's 
world focusing on professional basketball 
and football byJeffrey Epstein. 
www.jeffreyepsteinsports.com/ - Cache 
9. Jeffrey Epstein I Philanthropy  
Jeffrey Epstein has three main 
philanthropic and charitable 
organizations he uses to fund arts, 
sciences, research and other causes. 
www.jeffreyepstein.org/ - C,aci lea 
1 O. About Jeffrey Epstein  
Jeffrey Epstein is a financial mogul, 
hedge fund manager and philanthropist. 
www.jeffreyepstein.org/aboutjeffreyeps 
tein.html - Cached 
Show more results from 
jeffreyepstein.org 
11. Sex Offender Jeffrey  
Epstein Is Not A Billionaire -  
Billions ...  
Jeffrey Epstein, the underage massage 
king of Palm Beach, was back in the 
headlines this week: ""Billionaire 
pedophile goes free,"" (Daily ... 
blogs.forbes.com/.../is-billionaire-sex-
offender-jeffrey-epstein-all-that-
rich/ - Cached 
Searches related to jeffrey epstein 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
To: Al seckel 4111111111111.1111111111111111> 
Sent: Sat, December 11, 2010 12:31:16 PM 
Subject: 
the google page is not good.. after sept when you told me you thought it would take approx twenty thousand to 
clean up. and hopefully in time for nov 1. then another ten thsousand, and another ten thousand. and your 
emails about how you are all about results „ then an emergency 2500 dollars to keep servers active , then you 
told me micahel didn't want to give his bank details.. your quote was he'd explode, that was after he was sent 
forty thousand dollars directly to his bank.. I have yet to have a complete breakdown of payments. and the 
results , are what they are,. 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022205 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022206 
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014517.txt,"The power of global connections™

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014517
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027209.txt,"Is Invitation: No
GUID: 80D2815C-BFD8-4476-AEC9-E46AD946B 132
Message: no, 1 don’t trust him

Sender:

Time: 03/06/17 12:26:37 PM (510524797)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AD43C6A9-EA6D-4659-97EC-82FCB8348239
Message: Me neither but he is the only way to bg right now

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/06/17 12:27:24 PM (510524844)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1C5199A1-6905-41B7-8A8F-3C17CFECF 14A
Message: then i have no interest

Sender:

Time: 03/06/17 12:40:51 PM (510525651)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1786098A-6E35-4A89-873C-9910B14733A9

Message: Fair enough Need to see how far I can get in terms of a sanity and reality check for bg

Sender:

Time: 03/09/17 04:08:42 PM (510797322)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: BC22180C-DFE5-49A5-9BOB-F6521345B028
Message: How are you

Sender:

Time: 03/09/17 04:26:12 PM (510798372)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AESDE9A9-ECFA-4F06-B 160-194D5EE43EFD

Message: Jack Ma got in touch w me. Very interesting opportunity. Let's talk next week. November time frame

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/09/17 05:14:04 PM (510801244)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6AA294C1-39DE-47F9-97F5-3F99852389EB

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027209
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032660.txt,"From:

Sent: 12/8/2017 8:37:17 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
i mat the door but i will wait for my time.. i dont want to come early to find trump in your housee@©Q
Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 8, 2017, at 9:55 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Yes

On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 2:10 PM {nn wrote:

sorry that is 2512 for the gate &
Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 6, 2017, at 5:44 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

10pm should I bring special cake from New York

On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 9:37 AMS wrote:

very well .. just send me the address again and the code to the door so i can get to the second floor? and send
me the day and time.
thnx

Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 6, 2017, at 5:17 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

You are welcome at my house always . And more private

On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 9:12 AM jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
Of courses

On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 9:08 AM wrote:
27?

Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 5, 2017, at 2:34 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

at the moment 1 was flying to paris on the 8th. . I can leave eariler and get to paris by 830 . if you like to
meet there. geneve difficult to fly out of at night. or lunch sat in paris. ,

On Tue, Dec 5, 2017 at 5:03 AM, i otc:

can we have dinner in geneva on the 8th? i will be there on 7 and 8 dec and going back to kuwait on the
9th

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032660
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023305.txt,"IT, still desperately needed- reporting flawed cumbersome and inaccurate . all done by hand as one -off
exercises , - airplane: re structure, (my only suggested priority in june ) is really ,no further ahead, ,consultants
up the kazoo but nothing at all done.( the office was told that i cannot even see the proposals received without
brads specific authorization ) - brad has no idea even as to what questions to ask. he knows little of finance, is
run roughshod over by almost everyone in the office. he is a little man , using your power, to appear larger .
Eileen was self aware enough to know she was over her head , that is a huge difference. bad info is
rampant ie 3 million in deductions Im told are taken for art space but on closer examination it turns out
they cannot be used at all. (ZERO benefit ) though you will be told yes they were deducted on the return they
said that is the question they get asked ! "" were they deducted ""not -""is there a benefit"" !! I asked for the
balance sheet and P and L for Regan arts , a basic first step in order to check your financials. ""sorry we never
got one?"" though 9.8 million invested, no p&l, nothing , a construction project run amok , no budget, the coo
fired after only 3 months. , no clue. I can add that artspace financials are also a total mess.

As your friend and in order toturn the page. I will try to be constructive
The following is alist of things I think would be in your interest to get done asap .but definitely not by me.

isuggest you form new grats. , hire a high level tax partner. use your trading accounts as they remain

the paramount requirement 16 months after i emailed to you their importance. , I suggest you

consider having the 49percent of phaidon merged into artspance and have Richard buy artspace. re-do bank
loans. no need to pay interest at higher rates on boat or plane. . as Richard is now no longer trustee. re- do
will, make suydam executor , with Barry, and john as back up. pay 1 million a year for executor role. get rid
of Judy Black trust, deal with gifts and their tax returns, . review amounts to kids at fixed ages. put more
protections in for Alex and Victoria. , distribute some money to kids let them make decisions. , decide art
division with children in attendance . have fire drill done on estate. fill out estate returns as if you and Debra
died today, choose advisers - rick bronstein said the only 1040 he ever filled out was his own. ( this is brads
chosen advisor??!) Halperin has a conflict that should be addressed., Debra should enter a tenants in common
agreement with kids. you have airplane consultants tax consultants it consultants. plane operation consultant.
. boat consultants. architects, lighting , art, legal, . foundation , deal with TRA , BRH, rationalize
investments. cash flow. reporting, gaming disclosures. foreign, gift. . prepare tax projections for 15 and 16, .
deal with neg basis ( tufts gain, debt financed. art partnership, pledges. sell stock , art, deal with phaidon

debt. athene,? income, capital , foreign , exit, corporate, insurance regs, out and inbound

issues, basis, appropriate discount rates. ? terminations. control. , qualified dividends. corporate

tolls, inversion rules. , grat issues, short swing and other sec disclosures, Rothshcild bank, 150b they have a
distribution network with no products , private bank Rockefeller Rothschild. financial service. deal with UK
visa issue sooner rather than later. we can talk about Rowen request re Athene , 2 billion in taxes on
transaction. ?!

the facts as i see them

in June and then again Sept, we both agreed to a 50% of phaidon payout., then after weeks of thinking about
the issue ( which I fully understand ) . the payout was unilaterally changed . Sm woudl be reserved for the
future ? . and out of the remaining 15m ,? i would receive only 5. ( note : I'm confident that both the debt , and
the artspace investment will also lead to a write off of another 30 m. plus ) In my dining room ,you were
surprised when I said that i require most people to pay their advisory fee up front so that I am assured that I
will be properly compensated for my work when strategies that I devise are implemented . you may recall that
you appeared offended and said "" are you suggesting that i would go back on my word "" I said no , of course
not ! you are my closest of friends ,but my experience is that when amounts get large, people tend to get
unhappy when it actually comes time for them to pay ,.
From day zero a 50 - 60 million price was attached as the fair price of the transaction just completed .
though this amount was already substantially less thanour agreed and negotiated formula. - I was
never told that this was out of range. in fact, alternative methods of payment. plane -in-kind etc, were
discussed (ie keeping the 30m portion of fee outstanding till March ) ,J provided as requested a
detailed step by step execution plan and reviewed all documents that 1 was given access to. ( Phaidon was not

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023305
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017218.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

prohibited. Ifa particularly inappropriate expression that had not been included in the
codification were then to be used, the committee could consider including it for future discipline,
but it could not be the basis for imposing discipline for speech that took place prior to its
inclusion in the codification.

The virtue of a code is that it completely occupies the area of sanctions. It leaves no room for
“common law crimes” or broad decanal discretion. The vice of a code is that it is often
underinclusive—it excludes conduct (or, in this case, speech) that is novel, or that was not
considered by the codifiers. In the area of freedom of expression, the virtue of such a limitation
trumps its vice, at least in my view. It is far better to have rules regulating speech that are
underinclusive than overinclusive.

In 2007, I taught a university-wide course with Professor Steven Pinker on the issue of Taboo.
The question posed by the course was whether there are any issues that are so delicate, sensitive,
controversial, or disgusting that they should be treated as “taboos,” even on a university campus
dedicated to open dialogue and the free exchange of views. Most Americans are brought up to
believe in freedom of expression, but almost everyone has at least one type of speech that he/she
would suppress. In our course, we searched for a theory of taboo — a description or prescription
of genres of expression that lay outside the presumption of discussability and are, or should be,
subject to suppression, censorship or tabooization. Professor Pinker presented some evolutionary
and psychological arguments for the existence and utility of some taboos, while questioning many
of the taboos that currently seem to exist on university campuses. I discussed the legal and moral
arguments for and against any exceptions to the general presumption of free expression. In the
end, there was little agreement, except that there is and should be a difference between societal
taboos, enforceable only by social sanction, and official governmental censorship, enforceable by
the power of the state through the law.

We also agreed that notwithstanding the clear words of the First Amendment, Congress must
have the power to make some laws banning the disclosure of some secrets for some time. Finally,
we agreed that there will never be a perfect balance struck between the public’s need to know and
the government’s need to keep our enemies from knowing certain information. The struggle to
strike this delicate balance never stays won. What history seems to teach us is generally to err on
the side of more disclosure rather than more censorship, even when it comes to national security.

131

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017218
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025057.txt,"This military and diplomatic news may
appear positive. But Syrian sources caution
that the battlefield advances may accelerate
movement toward a breakup of the country,
as Alawite supporters of the regime retreat
to their ancestral homeland in the
northwestern region around Latakia. And
there’s no sign that either Assad or his
Russian patrons are paying any more than
lip service to a political settlement.

One potential game-changer is a request for
U.S. help in training elite rebel units, which
has been drafted by Brig. Gen. Salim Idriss,
the new commander of the opposition Free
Syrian Army. In a letter dated Feb. 4, he
seeks U.S. assistance in “training for: (1)
special operations; (2) international
humanitarian law; and (3)... in chemical
weapons security.”

Idriss requested various supplies for these
elite units, including: “(1) combat armor;
(2) night vision goggles; (3) hand held
monocular and longer range spotting
equipment; (4) strategic communications;
(5) winterization packs; and (6) tactical
communications.”

This request for assistance was made just
after the Assad regime had rebuffed an
offer by Sheik Ahmad Moaz al-Khatib, the
head of a new opposition coalition, to
negotiate with government representatives.
The rebels’ recent military successes have
come mostly in northern Syria; the attacks

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025057
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015609.txt,"rights of the non-party.”). Defendant has not established any basis for these privileged and
confidential documents that outweighs this non-party’s privacy rights.

3. The Subpoena Should Be Quashed In Its Entirety. If the Court Will Not Take

That Action, at a Minimum, It Should Grant a Protective Order Severely

Limiting The Areas Of Inquiry At Deposition And Grant Protections For This
Victim Who Is Fearful Of The Defendant.

This Court has the power to preclude and/or limit the deposition of non-party Jane Doe No.
3. Specifically, Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.280(c) allows the Court to prevent a deposition
from going forward “to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression or
undue burden or expense that justice requires,” and courts routinely enter protective orders to
reduce the burden on subpoenaed non-parties to a case, as well as in cases where the discovery
sough is irrelevant. See, e.g., Peisach v. Antuna, 539 So. 2d 544 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989) (holding that
the trial judge erred in allowing the deposition of certain non-parties where evidence sought was
irrelevant); see also Citimortgage, Inc. v. Davis, No. 50 2009 CA 030523, 2011 WL 3360318 (Fla.
15"" Cir. Ct. April 4, 2011) (trial court granting protective order precluding a deposition noting
“this deposition request is mere harassment” and had no relevance to the underlying dispute where
the party was wrongfully using the discovery process for personal gain). Section 4 of Rule 1.280
provides that the Court can also limit the areas of inquiry of a deposition providing “that certain
matters not be inquired into, or that the scope be limited to certain matters.”

Jane Doe No. 3 contends that the subpoena for her deposition should be quashed. If the
Court, however, is inclined to allow a deposition of Jane Doe No. 3, then she respectfully requests
the issuance of a Protective Order modifying the subpoena as set forth below.

a. Testimony Limitations

Non-party Jane Doe No. 3 respectfully requests that this Court limit the deposition to
questions directly related to Defendant’s defamatory statements about Brad Edwards and Paul

Cassell. The Court should limit Defendant’s ability to engage in a “fishing expedition” of this

11

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015609
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016300.txt,"All the more so when dictators rediscover the time-honored technique of weaponizing the
people against each other by punishing those who don’t denounce or punish others.

In contrast, technologically advanced societies have long had the means to install
Internet-connected, government-monitored surveillance cameras in every bar and
bedroom. Yet that has not happened, because democratic governments (even the current
American administration, with its flagrantly antidemocratic impulses) lack the will and
the means to enforce such surveillance on an obstreperous people accustomed to saying
what they want. Occasionally, warnings of nuclear, biological, or cyberterrorism goad
government security agencies into measures such as hoovering up mobile phone
metadata, but these ineffectual measures, more theater than oppression, have had no
significant effect on either security or freedom. Ironically, tech prophecy plays a role in
encouraging these measures. By sowing panic about supposed existential threats such as
suitcase nuclear bombs and bioweapons assembled in teenagers’ bedrooms, they put
pressure on governments to prove they’re doing something, anything, to protect the
American people.

It’s not that political freedom takes care of itself. It’s that the biggest threats lie in
the networks of ideas, norms, and institutions that allow information to feed back (or not)
on collective decisions and understanding. As opposed to the chimerical technological
threats, one real threat today is oppressive political correctness, which has choked the
range of publicly expressible hypotheses, terrified many intelligent people against
entering the intellectual arena, and triggered a reactionary backlash. Another real threat
is the combination of prosecutorial discretion with an expansive lawbook filled with
vague statutes. The result is that every American unwittingly commits “three felonies a
day” (as the title of a book by civil libertarian Harvey Silverglate puts it) and is in
jeopardy of imprisonment whenever it suits the government’s needs. It’s this
prosecutorial weaponry that makes Big Brother all-powerful, not telescreens. The
activism and polemicizing directed against government surveillance programs would be
better directed at its overweening legal powers.

The other focus of much tech prophecy today is artificial intelligence, whether in
the original sci-fi dystopia of computers running amok and enslaving us in an
unstoppable quest for domination, or the newer version in which they subjugate us by
accident, single-mindedly seeking some goal we give them regardless of its side effects
on human welfare (the value-alignment problem adumbrated by Wiener). Here again
both threats strike me as chimerical, growing from a narrow technological determinism
that neglects the networks of information and control in an intelligent system like a
computer or brain and in a society as a whole.

The subjugation fear is based on a muzzy conception of intelligence that owes
more to the Great Chain of Being and a Nietzschean will to power than to a Wienerian
analysis of intelligence and purpose in terms of information, computation, and control. In
these horror scenarios, intelligence is portrayed as an all-powerful, wish-granting potion
that agents possess in different amounts. Humans have more of it than animals, and an
artificially intelligent computer or robot will have more of it than humans. Since we
humans have used our moderate endowment to domesticate or exterminate less well-
endowed animals (and since technologically advanced societies have enslaved or
annihilated technologically primitive ones), it follows that a supersmart AI would do the
same to us. Since an AI will think millions of times faster than we do, and use its

80

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016300
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018562.txt,"experience, even from police and doctors. (An older female friend of mine who was
raped in 1970 once told me that she tried to talk to a psychiatrist about what happened.
He sighed and said, ""Really, do you think that's important?"") Rape Victim Advocates has
always been a network of volunteers who are on-call to come and talk to rape survivors,
but since 1974, it has also developed from a fragile activist group into one with funding
and political presence.

And on a somewhat different note, S&M community organizing is really quite good. A
lot of people don't realize that most S&M community dungeons (unlike the professional
dungeons run by sex workers) are nonprofit organizations, kind of like community
centers. (No, seriously.) People don't just go to community dungeons to do S&M -- they
also go to community dungeons for discussion groups or educational workshops, to learn
how to perform certain activities safely.

Much like Jane, the S&M community has also created a network of necessary references:
the Kink Aware Professionals list. If you've read my work before, you've probably read
about this list, because it had a huge impact on my life and I like to spread the word.
S&M activists in San Francisco realized, years ago, that there was a need for lawyers and
doctors who understood their lives and wouldn't stigmatize their choices, so they wrote
three names on a piece of paper and passed it around. Now, the Kink Aware
Professionals list is an international online directory hosted by the nonprofit National
Coalition for Sexual Freedom.

Again, it's not like there are no problems in the S&M community; people gossip, people
backstab, people fuck up. There's little vetting process for educators or for people who
list themselves on Kink Aware Professionals, and a lot of people run kink classes at least
as much from a desire for status as from a desire to educate. But still, I think the S&M
community is engaging in positive activism... more than a lot of us even realize.

This was a lesson that really hit home for me when I spent a year in Africa working on
HIV mitigation. One of the reasons international aid is so complicated is that figuring out
how to help a community that's not yours is incredibly hard. A lot of well-meaning
Americans (including myself) go abroad with little understanding of how hard it is. The
reality is that assisting with, for example, public health in a foreign place entails learning
the social fabric of that country in a way that outsiders can only do with tons of sustained
effort... and we're still unlikely to be as good as someone who grew up there. One of the
reasons -- maybe the biggest reason -- I left was that it was so obvious to me that I was a
better activist in the USA... even when I wasn't trying to do activism. (When I was there,
I received one letter from an American girl asking for advice on how to do African
activism. My advice to her can be summarized as, ""It's harder than you think, and you
might consider staying home where you're awesomer."")

When HIV began destroying the gay community, the most effective and important
measures to curb it came from people like Richard Berkowitz, the actual gay activist who
wrote a safer sex pamphlet on his home typewriter and then distributed it by hand. They
saw a need and they did something about it. Just like Jane. Just like S&M educators.

You are probably already part of more communities than you might realize. If you go to a
university, you're part of that community. Whether you live in a city neighborhood or a

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018562
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031519.txt,"From: Larry Summers 
Sent: 11/11/2016 5:57:02 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Times bad. R u around Tuesday? 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Nov 10, 2016, at 4:03 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
ehud in on sun pritzker mon. you around? dinner woody sunday. or have you gone dark 
On Mon, Oct 10, 2016 at 2:45 AM, Larry Summers < wrote: 
Got it. 
Now remember 
Press is so revolted by trump that I'd expect they will not be for benefit of doubt. 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Oct 9, 2016, at 8:30 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
no, im out of it. donald brought out four women that said bill abused them. / they wilil feature in the hillary 
says you should give the benefit of the doubt to victims. I laid this out for you over dinner, its 
disgraceful, but. here we are 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031519 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031520 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029356.txt,"﻿...b& ILl V IOWA, 1.1.1.141 Li a111. 1.11.4.1. if 111.5 1.11., 1110,1  
economy of near zero marginal cost and the prospect of nearly free goods 
and services. This catch-22 is the inherent contradiction that underlies 
capitalist theory and practice. 
Eighty years after Lange and Keynes made their observations, con-
temporary economists are once again peering into the contradictory work-
ings of the capitalist system, unsure of how to make the market economy 
function without self-destructing in the wake of.new technologies that are 
speeding society into a near zero marginal cost e. 
Lawrence Summers, U.S. secretary of the treasury during President 
Bill Clinton's administration and former president of Harvard University, 
and J. Bradford DeLong, a professor of economics at the University of Cal-
ifornia, Berkeley, revisited the capitalist dilemma in a joint paper delivered 
at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City's symposium, ""Economic Pol-
icy for the Information Economy,"" in August 2001. This time, there was 
much more at stake as the new information technologies and the incipient 
Internet communication revolution were threatening to take the capitalist 
system to a near zero marginal cost reality in the coming decades. 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022452.txt,"Inference: International Review of Science

Feedback & Comments

Tasneem Husain
Theoretical physicist, writer and educator, based in Cambridge.

“T have not yet had the opportunity of reading all the articles, but gauging from what I have
read, this latest issue seems fascinating.”

José M Igoa
Department of Basic Psychology Department at the University of Madrid.

“Thank you very much for the information about your journal and the link to David Lobina and
Mark Benchley's review of Tom Wolfe's book. I have taken a look at the title of the articles you
have published so far and they look pretty interesting indeed. I will voice the news about your

a?

publication to my colleagues.

Eva Jablonka
Israeli theorist and geneticist.

“Thank you very much for sending us the online ninth issue (very interesting and thought
provoking).”’

Andrew Jordan
Professor of physics at the University of Rochester.

“T have gone through the edited version of the book review. There were a lot of changes made,
but I think you managed to keep most of my ideas and condense it in the editing process. Please
pass along my thanks to David and the other editors for the editing/co-writing.”

Alexander Kharazishvili

Chief Researcher in the Department of Mathematical Analysis at the A. Razmadze Mathematical
Institute.

“Thank you very much for information and good news! Definitely, I will be reading this issue of
Inference with my great interest and I am sure I will enjoy it. Especially, 1 am proud to be among

gd

so eminent authors.’

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022452
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013631.txt,"understanding. These discontinuous and global transformations are the stuff of
miracles, especially for physicists. Even with respect to initial and end-states, rather
than using straight forward phenomenological observation, the mathematical and
physical theories of phase transitions are usually dependent on not necessarily
intuitive, derivative physical quantities. Their verbal representations are often not
concrete but metaphoric. This retreat to derived and abstract, far from the primary
data computables, may be more evidence of man’s many insufficiencies in

understanding of the mysteries that are often placed in the spiritual realm.

Driven by an effect that contributes to cause, like the faith-driven
abandonment to God that generates more faith, a drop of water hanging from a
faucet is pulled down by its own gravitational field as the thinning neck of the drop
facilitates its own further thinning. A gobbet connected by a thick neck to the main
drop begins to separate. The neck between them thins and breaks, and one
becomes suddenly and irreversibly two. A continuous structure has suddenly
become discontinuous in finite time at what is called a singularity. Since the single
measurable feature that dominates the water’s behavior around this singularity is
the diameter of the thinning neck, a derivative physical, one-dimensional
observable, neither the details about where it all began (called the initial conditions)
nor the path it followed to get to the moment of fracture, are predictively relevant
with respect to the sudden transition. Considering this kind of phenomenon going on
in our brains, choosing between theories of behavior that involve changes in brain
cell groups and/or brain chemicals versus those that involve behavioral quantities,
may be neither possible nor necessary. The challenge is to place the problems of
cataclysmic change in brain and behavior in sufficiently abstract and universal terms
that can be represented in some low dimensional, computationally accessible space
of variables.

The simplification and stereotypy of behavior around singularities reduce the

number of features that are required to discuss the dynamics of change in what

131

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013631
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028977.txt,"From: Michael Wolff as

Sent: 5/25/2016 11:12:16 AM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re: Trump

Importance: — High
Job is to get the hard ones in without being ejected from the room. What's the one question that pierces through?

On Wednesday, May 25, 2016, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
do you want to be provacative .? trump shuttle. hawaiin tropic contests.. mortgage on mara
lago. ? revenue of golf courses as income.??! , total debt of all cos .? people dont want to conribute money
as he said he is worth over 10b , why should they? , calif already coming up short. . fatther bought chips in
the casino to stave off bankruptcy, chips because it was better than a first lien. under the gambling
rules. matt his bag man? his loan from his brother in law ( JUdges husband) how much did his father
leave. his brother robert etc.
otherwise you can just throw easys

On Wed, May 25, 2016 at 7:05 AM, Michael Wolff {i wrote:

I'm interviewing him this afternoon. Anything you think I should ask?

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028977
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022334.txt,"2008

12/02/08 Prospective tax increases and their possible revenue implications; inflation-adjusted 2008-11
numbers for 2009 and selected planning points

11/04/08 The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110-343): AMT 2008-10
extenders and ISO relief, tax-free IRA distributions to charity, deduction for state and
local sales taxes, broker basis reporting, and harmonizing preparer penalties for
undisclosed positions; making lemonade out of lemons — coping with the market
decline

09/30/08 A discussion of the upcoming $3.5 million estate tax exclusion, and how it affects 2008-09
planning in “decoupled” states, especially for married couples

08/29/08 A selected review of major tax legislation during the Bush administration, and a 2008-08
snapshot of the tax proposals of Senators McCain and Obama

07/31/08 No discount for “restricted management accounts” (Rev. Rul. 2008-35); final regs on 2008-07
“grantor retained interest trusts” (T.D. 9414)

06/30/08 Charitable remainder trusts and UBTI: final regs (T.D. 9403); charitable lead trusts 2008-06
and “tiering” provisions: proposed regs (REG-101258-08)

05/30/08 Supreme Court holds that muni bonds still tax free (Kentucky v. Davis); IRS issues 2008-05
proposed regs on alternate valuation (REG-112196-07; Kohler v. Commissioner)

04/28/08 The awful AMT and its disappearing exemption; Notice 2008-22 and a trust grantor’s 2008-04
“nonfiduciary” power to swap trust property for property of equivalent value; planning
techniques that work well in a low-interest rate environment

03/31/08 Disclaimers and self-adjusting valuation clauses (Christiansen) 2008-03
02/26/08 More on the new preparer penalties: Notice 2008-13 2008-02
01/28/08 Supreme Court affirms that trust investment advisory fees subject to 2% floor 2008-01

(Knight); wash sale rules and IRAs; survivorship and the marital deduction (Lee)

2007

12/21/07 AMT patch, cont’d.; 11"" Circuit reverses Tax Court: built-in capital gains tax 2007-12
liability reduces value of closely held corporation: Estate of Jelke (General Utitilies
doctrine; willing buyer-willing seller; IRA implications)

11/20/07 AMT patch; inflation-adjusted numbers for 2008 and planning points; 0% rate for 2007-11
dividends and capital gains

10/26/07 Preparer penalties: the new rules under the Small Business and Work Opportunity 2007-10
Act of 2007; transition rules under Notice 2007-54

09/28/07 Charlie Rangel’s proposal; AMT and estimated tax; taxing “carried interest” 2007-09

08/31/07 Saving for college: the “kiddie tax” and the pros and cons of different savings vehicles 2007-08

Tax Topics — Table of Contents — 2013 — 5

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022334
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013157.txt,"12.10 Conclusion: Eight Ways to Bias AGI Toward Friendliness 241

12.10.1 Encourage Measured Co-Advancement of AGI Software and
AGI Ethics Theory

Everything involving AGI and Friendly AI (considered together or separately) currently involves
significant uncertainty, and it seems likely that significant revision of current concepts will be
valuable, as progress on the path toward powerful AGI proceeds. However, whether there is
time for such revision to occur before AGI at the human level or above is created, depends on
how fast is our progress toward AGI. What one wants is for progress to be slow enough that,
at each stage of intelligence advance, concepts such as those discussed in this paper can be
re-evaluated and re-analyzed in the light of the data gathered, and AGI designs and approaches
can be revised accordingly as necessary.

However, due to the nature of modern technology development, it seems extremely unlikely
that AGI development is going to be artificially slowed down in order to enable measured
development of accompanying ethical tools, practices and understandings. For example, if one
nation chose to enforce such a slowdown as a matter of policy (speaking about a future date
at which substantial AGI progress has already been demonstrated, so that international AGI
funding is dramatically increased from present levels), the odds seem very high that other
nations would explicitly seek to accelerate their own progress on AGI, so as to reap the ensuing
differential economic benefits (the example of stem cells arises again).

And this leads on to our next and final point regarding strategy for biasing AGI toward
Friendliness...

12.10.2 Develop Advanced AGI Sooner Not Later

Somewhat ironically, it seems the best way to ensure that AGI development proceeds at a rel-
atively measured pace is to initiate serious AGI development sooner rather than later. This is
because the same AGI concepts will meet slower practical development today than 10 years
from now, and slower 10 years from now than 20 years from now, etc. — due to the ongoing
rapid advancement of various tools related to AGI development, such as computer hardware,
programming languages, and computer science algorithms; and also the ongoing global advance-
ment of education which makes it increasingly cost-effective to recruit suitably knowledgeable
AI developers.

Currently the pace of AGI progress is sufficiently slow that practical work is in no danger
of outpacing associated ethical theorizing. However, if we want to avoid the future occurrence
of this sort of dangerous outpacing, our best practical choice is to make sure more substantial
AGI development occurs in the phase before the development of tools that will make AGI
development extraordinarily rapid. Of course, the authors are doing their best in this direction
via their work on the CogPrime project!

Furthermore, this point bears connecting with the need, raised above, to foster the devel-
opment of Global Brain technologies capable to ""Foster Deep, Consensus-Building Interactions
Between People with Divergent Views."" If this sort of technology is to be maximally valuable,
it should be created quickly enough that we can use it to help shape the goal system content of
the first highly powerful AGIs. So, to simplify just a bit: We really want both deep-sharing GB
technology and AGI technology to evolve relatively rapidly, compared to computing hardware
and advanced CS algorithms (since the latter factors will be the main drivers behind the ac-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013157
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026238.txt,"On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 2:10 PM <> wrote:

sorry that is 2512 for the gate &
Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 6, 2017, at 5:44 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

10pm should I bring special cake from New York

On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 9:37 AM <> wrote:

very well .. just send me the address again and the code to the door so i can get to the second floor? and
send me the day and time.
thnx

Sent from my iPhone
On Dec 6, 2017, at 5:17 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
You are welcome at my house always . And more private

On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 9:12 AM jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
Of courses

On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 9:08 AM <x wrote:

22?

Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 5, 2017, at 2:34 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

at the moment 1 was flying to paris on the 8th. . I can leave eariler and get to paris by 830 . if you like
to meet there. geneve difficult to fly out of at night. or lunch sat in paris. ,

On Tue, Dec 5, 2017 at 5:03 AM, [> wrote:
can we have dinner in geneva on the 8th? 1 will be there on 7 and 8 dec and going back to kuwait on
the 9th

Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 5, 2017, at 3:34 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Iam planning to be in paris starting the 9th forthe week. any chance to see you

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026238
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016466.txt,"Reporter
1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10036

917-584-7675
sedelman@nypost.com

On Wed, Dec 5, 2018 at 3:45 PM Frost, Danny <frostd@dany.nyc.gov> wrote:

Hi Sue — the document was filed under seal. | cannot violate the seal and provide it to you.

(off the record please) You may wish to petition the court, or have the Post’s lawyer send our lawyers
something. We've reached the end of me being able to help — it’s sealed.

Danny Frost

Director of Communications

Manhattan District Attorney Cy Vance, Jr.
212-335-9400 // @ManhattanDA

From: Susan Edelman [mailto:sedelman@nypost.com
Sent: Wednesday, December 5, 2018 3:06 PM

To: Frost, Danny <frostd@dany.nyc.gov>

Subject: Re: request

Right, but the law allows for the redaction of victim names. Where does it say the whole document is
denied?

Susan Edelman
Reporter
1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10036

917-S84-7675

sedelman@nypost.com

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016466
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033218.txt,"From: Larry Visoski

Sent: 2/1/2017 1:24:27 AM

To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: President PBI FYI

Jeffrey

Trump in PBI Fed 3rd thru 5th,. FYI,

When PresTrump is visiting MarLago PBI there will be flight restrictions flying in and out of palm beach,, due
to location of MarLago,,.

There will be Gate Way airports you have to depart from in order to land PBI,,

Teterboro is a gateway departure airport, requires 24 hour notice just like our DCA program,

When Trump is in MarLago, we will be unable to land in Palm Bch departing from LSJ,, we can land Fort
Lauderdale Excutive airport, which isn't bad, they are offering $2.76 fuel price this weekend,,

Same with departure from PBI, need 24 hour notice when President is in town,,

See message from PBI Port:

Important Message: All Palm Beach County Airport Users

We are getting word and expecting a President of the United States (POTUS) visit to PBI / Mar-a-
Lago from Feb 3, 2017 (afternoon?) until Feb. 5, 2017. Times to be established.

Expect the FAA’s Temporary Flight Restriction paperwork to be posted at least 72 hours prior to the POTUS
arrival.

The following two airports are in the inner core, inside 1ONM TFR.

PBI Airport; All General Aviation traffic into PBI must clear TSA designated “Gateways” for both arrival and
departures into and out of PBI. Departure Gateways - We expect the Gateways to be established at the multiple
locations at PBI with TSA operating from 0800-1700 and requires prior reservation (24hrs) with TSA. Arrival
Gateways — Expect Ft. Lauderdale International Airport (FLL) and Orlando Int’] (MCO). Also expecting
Teterboro, Dulles, and White Plains as additional gateways.

LNA Airport; As initially established by the USSS, the Palm Beach County Park Airport (LNA) in Lantana,
FL will be closed to all departures and flight training. Only arrivals into LNA that have gone through the TSA
Gateway program at one of the designated airports (FLL/MCO) may fly into LNA during the TFR.

The 30NM outer core will also be in effect and measures will be posted in the FAA NOTAM/TFER release.
Please share this advisory with all aviation users.

Regards,

Peter E. Labbe, Director

Operations & Security

Department of Airports
Palm Beach International Airport

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033218
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026671.txt,"IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES

The information presented herein is confidential and proprietary, and may not be (i) used by, or on behalf of, you for any purpose other than
evaluating an initial or continued investment in Boothbay Absolute Return Strategies, LP (the “Fund”), or (ii) disclosed by, or on behalf of, you to
any third party, in each case except with the prior written consent of Boothbay Fund Management, LLC (“Boothbay”). This communication is for
information purposes only and is not intended as an offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sale of any security.

This letter includes forward-looking statements. Although Boothbay believes that the expectations and views reflected in such statements are
reasonable, such statements are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results, performance or
achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking
statements. Forward-looking statements, and the expectations and views reflected therein, expressed in this letter may change at any time, without
notice. Prospective investors are cautioned not to invest based on these forward-looking statements.

Performance figures (which include the reinvestment of dividends, capital gains and other earnings) included herein are based on unaudited
information, may be subject to adjustment and are shown net of fees/allocations and expenses. Results for individual investors may vary based on,
among other things, the timing of capital contributions and withdrawals.

An investment in the Fund is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There
can be no assurances that the Fund will continue to have a similar return on invested capital because, among other reasons, there may be
differences in economic and market conditions, regulatory and political climate, portfolio size, investment opportunities, expenses and structure.
Accordingly, when deciding to make an investment, potential investors are urged to review carefully all disclosure documentation, including the
Fund’s confidential private offering memorandum, and consult with their counsel and advisers.

This material is not intended to represent the rendering of accounting, tax, legal or regulatory advice. A change in the facts or circumstances of
any transaction could materially affect the accounting, tax, legal or regulatory treatment for that transaction. Nothing herein should be interpreted
to represent concentration limits, exit strategies or sector allocation guidelines, all of which are subject to change without notice.

References to the S&P500 and any other benchmark(s) referred to herein are for illustrative purposes only. Any such benchmarks are included
merely to show general trends in the markets in the periods indicated and are not intended to imply that the Fund’s portfolio is similar to any such
benchmarks either in composition or risk. Comparisons to benchmarks have limitations because natural characteristics of such benchmarks, such
as volatility, among other things, are likely to differ from those of the Fund. Boothbay does not attempt to track a benchmark and there is no
guarantee that the Fund will meet or exceed any such benchmark.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026671
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020523.txt,"64

partners are well-known government entities. The Chinese Institute of Contemporary
International Relations and the University of International Relations, both of which
have links to the Ministry of State Security (MSS), host conferences on US-China
relations and/or Track 2 dialogues. So do the Foreign Ministry—affiliated China
Institute of International Studies, Chinese People’s Institute for Foreign Affairs,

and the China Foreign Affairs University. The Charhar Institute is also involved

in such activities, although its institutional linkages are unclear.

More recently, Chinese think tanks professing to be independent from direct
government control have begun to actively engage US counterparts. The think-tank
Intellisia is one such organization that has sponsored dialogues with US scholars. The
Center for China and Globalization is another such “independent” think tank, with
more than a hundred researchers and staff. According to several think-tank analysts,
its founder and head, Wang Huiyao, actively solicits invitations to speak in US think-
tank settings. In May 2018, however, Senator Marco Rubio publicly questioned why
Wang’s CCP affiliations—most particularly his work with the CCP’s United Front Work
Department as a standing director of the China Overseas Friendship Association—
were not mentioned as part of his biography in an invitation to an upcoming event at
a DC-based think tank. Despite the fact that the think tank planned to acknowledge
Wang’s position during the panel presentation, given the ensuing public scrutiny,
Wang dropped out of the event. He later appeared, however, at another US think-tank
event without his government affiliation noted and without provoking attention from
any member of Congress. For such “independent” Chinese think tanks, organizing
conferences can give them a significant boost in prestige at home. One Chinese
think-tank director informed an American think-tank analyst that he received several
hundred thousand dollars from the university’s party secretary as a bonus for bringing
such a prestigious delegation of Western China watchers to China.

Finally, a group of several senior Chinese government officials and think-tank scholars
from different institutions has emerged as an important generator of China-US think
tank cooperation. This group includes such well-known figures as Fu Ying (director of
the NPC’s Foreign Affairs Committee), Wang Jisi (director of Peking University’s Institute
of International and Strategic Studies), Yuan Peng (president of CICIR), and Wang Wen
(executive dean of the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University),
who are all well funded and able to pay for the activities of the Chinese side, as well as
travel and hotel stays for Americans who participate in their projects in China.

Fu Ying emerges as the senior figure in a growing number of US-China interactions.
According to several think-tank analysts, she works hard to structure projects in ways
to ensure the best possible outcome from the Chinese perspective. This includes,

for example, partnering primarily—although not solely—with scholars who are

Think Tanks

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020523
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023463.txt,"invasion of Iraq toppled Saddam Hussein. Losing Mr. Mubarak
means that the Saudis now see themselves as the last Sunni giant left
in the region.

The Saudis were further agitated when the protests crept closer to
their own borders. In Yemen, on their southern flank, young
protesters were suddenly rallying thousands, and then tens of
thousands, of their fellow citizens to demand the ouster of the regime,
led by President Ali Abdullah Saleh and his family for 43 years.
Meanwhile, across a narrow expanse of water on Saudi Arabia's
northeast border, protesters in Bahrain rallied in the hundreds of
thousands around a central roundabout in Manama. Most Bahraini
demonstrators were Shiites with a long list of grievances over
widespread economic and political discrimination. But some Sunnis
also participated, demanding more say in a government dominated by
the Al-Khalifa family since the 18th century.

Protesters deny that their goals had anything to do with gaining
sectarian advantage. Independent observers, including the U.S.
government, saw no sign that the protests were anything but
homegrown movements arising from local problems. During a visit to
Bahrain, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates urged the government to
adopt genuine political and social reform.

But to the Saudis, the rising disorder on their borders fit a pattern of
Iranian meddling. A year earlier, they were convinced that Iran was
stoking a rebellion in Yemen's north among a Shiite-dominated rebel
group known as the Houthis. Few outside observers saw extensive
ties between Iran and the Houthis. But the Saudis nonetheless viewed
the nationwide Yemeni protests in that context. In Bahrain, where
many Shiites openly nurture cultural and religious ties to Iran, the
Saudis saw the case as even more open-and-shut. To their ears, these
suspicions were confirmed when many Bahraini protesters moved
beyond demands for greater political and economic participation and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023463
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025731.txt,"sender: ay

Time: 08/23/18 01:40:38 PM (556749638)
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B46D74C5-51A4-4695-B984-5D8E4D638 904

Message: Yes : or come as my guest when it opens the New York Film Festival @ Alice

Tulley Hall on 29 Sept

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/23/18 01:42:39 PM (556749759)
Flags: 1048581

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7EH9573B3-091F-4C67-BAF2-E4C159976AAA

Message: thx. I think a private screening room with you answering questions . Might be

good for you. You decide. Miro will be in New York next week.

organize for you. Im off to Paris on the 2nd

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/23/18 02:00:13 PM (556750813)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 686AF584-732D-46FE

Ne}

E85-1B6576BO6DC5

Message: Pecker immunity one more drop

Time: 08/23/18 02:00:28 PM (556750828)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 9CFOA544-2D89-47FE-A8B1-21DCC986C4B7

r

Message: Hug vent huge

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/23/18 02:01:01 PM (556750861)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: FAI133CEA-DD66-45D6-832E-O059911AF12CC

2%

Message: Kids

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

I won't be but can

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025731
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016660.txt,"FLORIDAN AQUIFER PLANT ISSUES

é Floridan Aquifers can be used for both Aquifer Storage
and Recovery and source water

é Potential increased energy costs associated with lifting
water and impacts to adjacent users

é Potential for decline in water quality over time

~ Some pumping wells become saltier (up-coning of

more saline water from below or laterally along coast)
~~ Membrane design and periodic replacement
~ Blending with Surficial Aquifer water

é Estimated 125% of raw water to meet treated water
demands

@ Concentrate disposal via deep injection well

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016660
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022796.txt,"a, alleen eee. ""sy.

Aucrall Maxe
and Model

Aurcradt
idennhcation Mark

Remarks, Procedures, Nurmiber
fMancuvers, Endorsements

of Landings

me AS PYRE Lage Sigg ——t
BOWE # EOS cry LF WS: ee ead Othe
Way rea a, VEO CI we WONG MM,

a ee ts Ler a L 7 in AN G) is | om LU , a s/o YY
L¢ va FY aG | ete VECLS

32) GK, haat
wR Oe

a “ge

ay! ie Ske wt § REAL.

p ; TPR, ay Me Tiara

Se it
WA AY

I certify that the Elsen me
f :

de by me on this form are truc

Amount Forward
Sef tn. OR
e234 %, ( i] we)

Pilot's Signaturg_*-. PE ae Men | OLE De bse en ll a

Total to Date

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022796

"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026842.txt,"brutish, and short. Today, life expectancy has increased by leaps and bounds
virtually everywhere. Infant and maternal mortality have dropped sharply,
thanks in part to the spread of clear hygiene standards and the construction
of modern hospitals. According to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as
recently as 1988, polio was rampant in 125 countries; today that number is
down to two. Aside from among the Taliban and a few pockets of upscale
communities in the United States, the virtues of vaccines are accepted by all,
part of a general consensus on the virtues of Western science and
technology.

And reason is replacing superstition more generally. People around the
world now routinely do basic cost-benefit analyses when looking for
solutions to problems, leading to a gradual improvement in outcomes
everywhere, from agriculture and construction to social and political life.
This helps explain the dramatic long-term decline in the rates of most kinds
of conflict and violence that the Harvard scholar Steven Pinker has
documented.

After slavery and imprisonment, the most degrading condition a human
being can experience is poverty. In 2000, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
announced as one of the ambitious Millennium Development Goals halving
extreme global poverty by 2015. That goal was far exceeded, and the U.S.
National Intelligence Council has predicted that extreme poverty will be
reduced even further by 2030-which would constitute one of the most
remarkable developments in human history. The global middle class,
meanwhile, is projected to rise from 1.8 billion in 2009 to 3.2 billion in
2020 and 4.9 billion in 2030. The world's infant mortality rate decreased
from an estimated 63 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 32 in 2015. This
translates into more than four million fewer infant deaths each year.

Instead of optimism based on this recent progress, however, these days in
the West, one more often encounters pessimism related to three current
challenges: turbulence in the Islamic world, the rise of China, and intra-
Western economic and political sclerosis. But the pessimism is
unwarranted, because none of these three challenges is insurmountable.

MODERNIZING MUSLIMS

The Islamic world, from Morocco to Indonesia, comprises 1.6 billion
citizens-more than one in five people on the planet. The vast majority of
them share the common global aspirations to modernize their societies,
achieve middle-class living standards, and lead peaceful, productive, and
fulfilling lives.

Contrary to what some assert, Islam is fully compatible with modernization.
When Malaysia built the Petronas Towers and Dubai built Burj Khalifa, they
were not just erecting physical structures but also sending a metaphysical
message: we want to be part of the modern world in all dimensions. Many
Islamic societies have educated their women. In Malaysian universities, the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026842
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025902.txt,"the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025902
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027584.txt,"Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/27/19 04:02:09 PM (573004929)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: ED7BC678-7591-404D-BO03A-3AD83D69D607

Message: The idea is to get into the public realm the story that the girls used the
agreement to get money fro them and their attorney s and only after receiving It they

move to overturn it. Plus

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/27/19 04:02:20 PM (573004940)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: EBAO20B9-8CO0OA-405C-8372-8A5F6A586C18

Message: Trump had a bad day, did you watch?

Time: 02/27/19 04:03:30 PM (573005010)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 4AC579CA-E931-4E15-AF01-SAB3E233946A

Message: Not a second--- war on china all day

sender:

Time: 02/27/19 04:03:50 PM (573005030)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 644ABF01-9900-4496-BC5C-1B8C7C1D4615

Message: How bad was it

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/27/19 05:42:22 PM (573010942)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 8BB91607-0202-465A-B56E-226FA8854D1F

Message: Bad. but republicans stood strong, Cohen pretty detailed

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027584
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016853.txt,"THE INHUMAN MESS OUR MACHINES HAVE GOTTEN US INTO
Rodney Brooks

Rodney Brooks is a computer scientist; Panasonic Professor of Robotics, emeritus, MIT;
former director, MIT Computer Science Lab; and founder, chairman, and CTO of
Rethink Robotics. He is the author of Flesh and Machines.

Mathematicians and scientists are often limited in how they see the big picture, beyond
their particular field, by the tools and metaphors they use in their work. Norbert Wiener
is no exception, and I might guess that neither am I.

When he wrote The Human Use of Human Beings, Wiener was straddling the end
of the era of understanding machines and animals simply as physical processes and the
beginning of our current era of understanding machines and animals as computational
processes. I suspect there will be future eras whose tools will look as distinct from the
tools of the two eras Wiener straddled as those tools did from each other.

Wiener was a giant of the earlier era and built on the tools developed since the
time of Newton and Leibniz to describe and analyze continuous processes in the physical
world. In 1948 he published Cybernetics, a word he coined to describe the science of
communication and control in both machines and animals. Today we would refer to the
ideas in this book as control theory, an indispensable discipline for the design and
analysis of physical machines, while mostly neglecting Wiener’s claims about the science
of communication. Wiener’s innovations were largely driven by his work during the
Second World War on mechanisms to aim and fire anti-aircraft guns. He brought
mathematical rigor to the design of the sorts of technology whose design processes had
been largely heuristic in nature: from the Roman waterworks through Watt’s steam
engine to the early development of automobiles.

One can imagine a different contingent version of our intellectual and
technological history had Alan Turing and John von Neumann, both of whom made
major contributions to the foundations of computing, not appeared on the scene. Turing
contributed a fundamental model of computation—now known as a Turing Machine—in
his paper “On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem,”
written and revised in 1936 and published in 1937. In these machines, a linear tape of
symbols from a finite alphabet encodes the input for a computational problem and also
provides the working space for the computation. A different machine was required for
each separate computational problem; later work by others would show that in one
particular machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of
computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape.

In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine
called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two-
dimensional array of squares each containing a single symbol from a finite alphabet of
twenty-nine distinct symbols—the rest of the infinite array starts out blank. The single
symbols in each square change in lockstep, based on a complex but finite rule about the
current symbol in that square and its immediate neighbors. Under the complex rule that
von Neumann developed, most of the symbols in most of the squares stay the same and a
few change at each step. So when one looks at the non-blank squares, it appears that

50

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016853
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015184.txt,"his hat because they’ re grateful to God that theydon’ t have to do such
a bizarre thing to earn a living.

There is a woman who plays the violin while standing on her head.
And a man who has a table covered with wine glasses of different sizes
filled to varying heights with water, and he plays this musical instrument
by rubbing his fingers around the tops of those wine glasses. Audiences
gather spontaneously to here his rendition of a Mozart sonata or a
ragtime melody or the theme from Chariots of Fire.

There are breakdancers who bring their own personal linoleum-floor
sections, and a jogger who jumps hurdles over the endless row of garbage
cans lined along the boardwalk. He has to avoid one garbage can because
a homeless person is foraging for lunch.

If | had to choose my favorite moment on the boardwalk, it would
have to be the time a Rastafarian yogi was standing on the very top of a
wooden chair, preparing to jump barefoot onto a pile of freshly broken
bottles. “This is serious shit,” he reminded the large semicircle of
onlookers. And then, during the anticipatory silence, along came that Jesus
freak. Upon seeing this crowd, he edged his way in. Now the Rastafarian
yogi was poised upon that unseen edge between “Look before you

leap” and “He who hesitates is lost.” Suddenly the Jesus freak called

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015184
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023488.txt,"Article 1.

The Financial Times

Iran will not hinder plans for a nuclear-

free world
Tom Donilon

April 17 2011 -- Two years ago this month in Prague, President
Barack Obama proposed steps to advance the goal of “a world
without nuclear weapons”. In the 24 months since, we have laid the
foundation for these next steps in arms control. But now new action
is needed.

The record so far is strong. The new Start treaty with Russia will see
the lowest level of deployed nuclear weapons since the 1950s. The
UN Security Council has imposed unprecedented sanctions on Iran
and North Korea for failing to meet their obligations. And enough
nuclear materials for hundreds of weapons have been removed,
secured or eliminated around the world.

Now, to end illegal nuclear programmes and stop proliferation, we
will maintain pressure on both Iran and North Korea. Iran, in
particular, is trying to exploit the changes sweeping across the
Middle East. But the hypocrisy of claiming to support reform in other
countries while suppressing it at home is obvious for all the world to
see. Some believe that the changes in the region will increase Iran’s
influence. In fact the opposite will happen: in a Middle East where
more citizens determine their own destiny, Iran will be increasingly
isolated by its actions.

Elsewhere, we will work to secure the world’s vulnerable nuclear
materials within four years, and use a new international fuel bank to
ensure that the use of nuclear energy does not lead to proliferation.
We will also seek to bring the Comprehensive Test Ban treaty into

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023488
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017595.txt,"Khalid Sheikh Mohammed;

3. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, identified in the 9/11 Commission Report as ""the principal architect of
the 9/11 attacks”;

4. Khalid al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi, two of the alleged 9/11 hijackers, whose presence in the
United States was concealed from the FBI by CIA officers for months before 9/11.

It might sound from these citations that the 9/11 Commission marked a new stage in the U.S.
treatment of these terrorists, and that the report now exposed those terrorists who in the past had
been protected. On the contrary, a principal purpose of my chapter is to show that

1. one purpose of protecting these individuals had been to protect a valued intelligence connection
(the ""al-Qaeda connection,” if you will);

2. one major intention of the 9/11 Commission Report was to continue protecting this connection;

3. those on the 9/11 Commission staff who were charged with this protection included at least one
commission member (Jamie Gorelick), one staff member (Dietrich Snell), and one important witness
(Patrick Fitzgerald) who earlier had figured among the terrorists’ protectors.

In the course of writing this chapter [Scott continues], | came to another disturbing conclusion | had
not anticipated. This is that a central feature of the protection has been to defend the 9/11
Commission’s false picture of al-Qaeda as an example of non-state terrorism, ignoring not just the
CIA but also the royal families of Saudi Arabia and Qatar. In reality, as | shall show, royal family
protection from Qatar and Saudi Arabia (concealed by the 9/11 Commission) was repeatedly given
to key figures like Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the alleged “principal architect of the 9/11 attacks.” The
establishment claims that the wars fought by America in Asia since 9/11 have been part of a global
“war on terror.” But this “war on terror” has been fought in alliance with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and
Pakistan - precisely the principal political and financial backers of the al-Qaedist networks the United
States has supposedly been fighting. Meanwhile the most authentic opponents in the region of these
Sunni al-Qaedists - the governments of Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Iran - have found themselves
overthrown (in the case of Iraq and Libya), subverted with U.S. support (in the case of Syria), or
sanctioned and threatened as part of an “axis of evil” (in the case of Iran). We should not forget that,
just one day after 9/11, “Rumsfeld was talking about broadening the objectives of our response and
‘getting Iraq.”

(pp. 44-45, The American Deep State)

Clinton's daughter is now poised to work global health initiatives which | would suggest is little more
than a cover for on-going terrorism ""ops"".

To return to Steve Colo - in the interview he speaks of a partnership between the Secret Service, the
FBI, and South Carolina's SLED (State Law Enforcement Division) to open a Computer Crime
Center. Bud Horton (mentioned above) (long-affiliated with IT Security; his title at Accenture was
Chief technology officer of it's cyber security practice) happened to have just moved to South
Carolina from Loudoun County after being implicated in a continuing child sex scandal (see details
below). Further, cyber-crime just so happens to be another of the arenas in which our Intelligence
Community coordinates with the Russians: ""The US cooperates with the FSB and Russia's interior
ministry on counter-terrorism, organized crime, bio-terrorism, and cyber-crime."" -- p. 243, Expelled: A
Journalist's Descent into the Russian Mafia State, by Luke Harding) Most would interpret this quote
to suggest that the nations work together to prevent these various threats. The reality is more the
opposite; trust me when | say that the US doesn't work ""ops"" alone - the 2005 London Bombings is
one notable example of a instance in which the US coordinated with also British intelligence in the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017595
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031884.txt,"frustrating and (so far) inconclusive nature of the Libyan
intervention.

However, the Syrian conflict also needs to be seen in the context of a
generation-long experiment with liberal interventionism. That era
began in 1991, when the collapse of the Soviet Union left the US as
the world’s sole superpower and a swift victory in the first Gulf war
restored confidence in the power and effectiveness of American
military might. Since then, the debate about how and when to use
military power has waxed and waned. Western governments chastised
themselves over the failure to protect the Kurds and the Shia in Iraq
in 1991, over the Rwandan genocide of 1994 and over the many
years of dithering as lives were lost in the Balkans. But a series of
apparently successful interventions — Bosnia, Kosovo, East Timor,
Sierra Leone — gradually strengthened the belief that western military
power could be used to end conflicts and save civilians.

The bitter experiences of the Afghan and Iraq wars, however, shifted
the debate on military intervention once more. Both Barack Obama in
the US and David Cameron in Britain promised to be leaders who
would adopt a much more cautious attitude to foreign military
adventures. Then along came the Arab spring and western leaders
once again found themselves committing to military action, this time
in Libya — Mr Obama with evident reluctance, Mr Cameron and
President Nicolas Sarkozy of France with apparent enthusiasm.

The Libyan war illustrates how unfolding events can force a political
leader’s hand. That could still happen in Syria. But it seems much
more likely that, this time, the west will stand aside.

In part, this is because of deadlock at the UN, where Russia and
China — angry about the Libyan war — are blocking efforts to pass a
resolution that even condemns events in Syria, let alone prepares the
ground for intervention. However the broader context is the west’s
diminishing ability and willingness to intervene at all.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031884
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028744.txt,"to openly discussing his intention to form a “majoritarian government”
that would exclude the most important Sunni representatives. In mid-
December he participated in creating a Shiite grand alliance as the
launching pad for that government. The principal Sunni political leaders,
including Issawi, parliamentary speaker Osama al-Nujaifiand Anbari tribal
leader Ahmed abu Rishaannounced their intention to form their own
coalition. In short, Iraqi politics was re-fragmenting along sectarian and
ethnic lines even before the protests began.

Understood in this context, the Iraqi army’s killing of protesters in
Fallujah last month is a watershed event similar to the destruction of the
Askariya shrine in Samarra in February 2006, though the crisis will not
escalate as quickly. Sunni-Shiite tensions have hitherto played out in
political forums. The key actors in today’s crisis are not the Sunni political
leaders but, rather, Anbari tribal leaders, including Ali Hatem Ali
Suleiman, one of the most powerful leaders of Iraq’s largest Sunni tribe.
Suleiman and fellow leaders of the Dulaim tribe were essential to
engineering the Anbar Awakening in 2007 and Sunni participation in the
government, for which they rejected al-Qaeda in Irag and renounced
violence against the state. They responded to the killings of protesters last
month by threatening open war against the state for the first time since
2007. So far at least, they have restrained protesters and resisted violent
confrontation.

For his part, Maliki has sought to deescalate the conflict and to mollify
protesters. Tehran has also been working — to persuade Iraq’s Sadrists,

whom Maliki has alienated in his consolidation of power, to abandon their
support for their Sunni brethren. Their combined efforts appear to be
working: The Sadrist Bloc, which had refused Maliki’s request for
suggestions to replace Issawi and other Sunni politicians, has put forth a
substitute finance minister.

These efforts, ostensibly toward political resolution, actually increase the
likelihood of sectarian war by continuing the marginalization of Sunni
political leaders without addressing Sunni tribes’ core grievances — and
by re-creating a Shiite front that had splintered.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028744
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011513.txt,"first aptitude tests. I finished among the top two dozen results in the country.
“How can you throw your gifts away? For what,” he asked me. “If you leave
that school, and give up on going to university, it will be like betraying
yourself.” At one point, he walked me out to the patch of hard-packed soil
where we parked the tractors and farm machinery. “What do you want to do
with your life,” he asked. “Do you want to be a farmer?”

I thought about it before answering. “I don’t know what will happen in the
future,” I said. “But if you ask me now, I would say I want to drive one of the
kibbutz trucks.”

I could see the shock and disappointment in his eyes. But it was the truth. I
did imagine that at some point I might want to make a life outside the kibbutz.
But I’d never lived anywhere else. If I was going to remain a part of it, I could
think of no better way than to join our little corps of drivers. Though they lived
on the kibbutz, they spent most of their time delivering or picking up goods in
places like Tel Aviv, Holon or Ashkelon. As the US Marines might have put it,
I guess I figured I’d join the truck-drivers and see the world.

The deeper reason I said no to my father, as I am sure he suspected, was that
I felt a need to take control of my own life. That was simply a part of growing
up, a process which probably happened more quickly for 1950s kibbutz children
than for town or city kids. We loved and respected our parents. But we were
living with other teenagers. We weren’t just residents of the kibbutz. We were
part of the economic collective, working in the fields or orchards, the garage
and the metal shop. This bred a sense of independence. I listened to my father’s
arguments. But this was a decision about my future. I felt I had to make it for
myself. I cared about my education. But I’d reached a stage where my life
outside the classroom, and my circle of friends, mattered more. I am sure that
the same impulse drove me in my continuing freelance forays into lockpicking
and petty larceny with Ido and Moshe.

So I returned to the kibbutz school. The level of teaching was nowhere near
the regional school’s. But we did begin studying new subjects like economics
and politics. There were two other welcome surprises as well. The first was the
arrival of a new history teacher. Knowledgable, enthusiastic and eloquent, he
had a rare gift for igniting excitement in his students. We studied the French
Revolution. He brought it to life with insights into Montesquieu, Rousseau and
John Locke, Louis XVI and Mary Antoinette, Robespierre and Napoleon. He
traced the dynamics that led to the revolution, and the way its ideals descended
into the bloodshed and terror that followed. He presented history as a human

42
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011513
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032355.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon

Sent: 11/10/2016 10:19:17 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
212 556 3821

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 5:11 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
number?

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 11:10 PM, Thomas Jr., Landon q wrote:
who is treasury secretary? Is Mnuchin a done deal? Seems too obvious.

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 4:58 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
long dow , short yen euro and pound. long reits,

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 10:57 PM, Thomas Jr., iin wrote:

You called it! How are you positioned re market?

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 4:54 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3914012/Troubled-woman-history-drug-use-claimed-assaulted-

Donald-Trump-Jeffrey-Epstein-sex-party-age-13-FABRICATED-story.html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/inde
x.html

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032355
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031294.txt,"From: Richard Kahn 
Sent: 11/21/2017 1:29:32 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: 2017 IFP Gotham Awards 
Importance: High 
is gratitude paying for IFP or peggy? 
please advise 
thank you 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
tel 
fa 
ce 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Steven Pfeiffer <___________________ 
Subject: Re: 2017 IFP Gotham Awards 
Date: November 20, 2017 at 8:48:00 PM EST 
To: Richard Kahn < 
Hi Richard - 
I certainly will. But perhaps you can clarify something for me before I put all this together for the donation. 
Jeffrey Epstein had asked to submit the letter and invoice to Peggy Siegal instead, and she had supplied 
different information than below. 
Please advice how best to proceed. 
Best, 
Steven 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Nov 20, 2017, at 8:33 PM, Richard Kahn > wrote: 
please send info tomorrow as i will be out the remainder of the week 
thank you 
Richard Kahn 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031294 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue, 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
tel 
fax 
cell 
On Nov 17, 2017, at 11:38 AM, Steven Pfeiffer < > wrote: 
Dear Richard, 
Thanks so much for providing this information. I'm offsite today at 
the ceremony venue, but I will be sure to send everything over to 
you via email on Monday. 
Best regards, 
Steven 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Nov 17, 2017, at 11:19 AM, Richard Kahn 
< > wrote: 
The foundation that will be making this contribution is: 
Gratitude America Ltd. 
6100 Red Hook Quarter, B3 
St Thomas, USVI 00802 
please send all correspondence including invoice to me via email 
thank you 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031295 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
ftaexl 
cell 
On Nov 16, 2017, at 3:38 PM, Steven Pfeiffer <R11111=1. 
wrote: 
Hi Jeffrey — 
Sounds good. Thanks so much for confirming. If you or someone in your office could provide the information below, I 
can send along an invoice and contribution letter for your $10K donation toward the chairs. 
COMPANY NAME (if applicable): 
CONTACT NAME: 
ADDRESS LINE 1: 
ADDRESS LINE 2: 
Many thanks. 
Best, 
Steven 
Steven Pfeiffer 
Associate Director, Development 
Independent Filmmaker Project 
Made in NY Media Center by IFP 
30 John Street 
Brooklyn, NY 11201 
p: 
<image001.png> 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031296 
From: ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Date: Thursday, November 16, 2017 at 3:26 PM 
To: Steven Pfeiffer Peggy Siegal < 
Subject: Re: 2017 IFP Gotham Awards 
happy to buy your 10k of chairs and will need me plus 3 seats. 
On Thu, Nov 16, 2017 at 1:36 PM, Steven Pfeiffer wrote: 
Hello Jeffrey — 
>, Richard Kahn 
I hope all is well with you. As per Peggy Siegal's office, I have included here the invitation to the IFP Gotham Awards 
ceremony, which will be held on Monday, November 27 at Cipriani Wall Street in New York City. 
This year's ceremony is going to be another successful event. We couldn't be more thrilled with this year's impressive 
group of Tributees. The Actress Tribute will go to Nicole Kidman and the Actor Tribute to Dustin Hoffman. The Director 
Tribute will be given to Sofia Coppola, with the Cinematographer Tribute going to Ed Lachman. With the Industry 
Tribute, we will be honoring Jason Blum, founder of Blumhouse Productions. And we simply couldn't be more pleased 
to honor Vice President Al Gore with this year's special Humanitarian Tribute. With nominees this year ranging 
from Willem Dafoe, Adam Sandler and Robert Pattison to Margot Robbie, Lois Smith and Mary J. Blige, this year's 
ceremony looks to be the most star studded ever. 
Please let me know if you have any questions. 
Best regards, 
Steven 
Steven Pfeiffer 
Associate Director, Development 
Independent Filmmaker Project 
Made in NY Media Center by IFP 
30 John Street 
Brooklyn, NY 11201 
www.ifp.org  
<image002.png> 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031297 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031298 
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032525.txt,"From: Larry Visoski 
Sent: 4/16/2017 3:57:41 PM 
To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: SIT Customs 
Importance: High 
Jeffrey 
Due to Staffing issues„ customs cannot use North Ramp„ only PreClear in main building,. 
Trump is suppose to depart 4pm,. Latest 4:30pm 
Flight time: 2+25min 
Do you want PBI customs or PreClear STT? 
Thx 
Larry 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032525 
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032243.txt,"From: Tom Barrack Privat 
Sent: 3/9/2016 5:28:29 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Hope ur good. Let's catch up 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Mar 9, 2016, at 6:26 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
hope you are well, photos look good. fyi I receive many calls a week about both Donald ( celina midelfart, 
marla , beauty contest. mara lago etc) and clinton from reporters. less so recently with clinton , but my 
answers are always i have nothing to say. or i try to ignore altogether. A few times i have been ambushed on 
the street with questions . but am more careful now 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032243 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032433.txt,"From: Weingarten, Reit as

Sent: 1/12/2017 3:19:45 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: RE: Re:

Importance: — High

Craziest shit happening...trying to deliver el chapo to barack instead of trump....figuring out my schedule next week...will
let you know

From: jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, January 12, 2017 10:17 AM

To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Re:

thursday new york? my brithday fri

On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 9:45 AM, Weingarten, Reid TE \00te:

Going to florida...then end of the week nyc

From: jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: Wednesday, January 11, 2017 11:52 PM
To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject:

if not florida do you have any plans to be in new york next week.

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032433
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019697.txt,"CHAPTER 20
The NSA’s Back Door

You have private for-profit companies doing inherently govern-
mental work like targeted espionage, surveillance, compromising
foreign systems. And there’s very little oversight, there’s very
little review.

—EDWARD SNOWDEN, Moscow, 2014

Px: TO SNOWDEN’S THEFT of NSA documents, the single most
shattering blow to the confidence of the U.S. intelligence com-
munity was the 1994 exposure of Aldrich Ames as a long-serving
Russian mole in the CIA. Ames, it will be recalled, had been a high-
ranking CIA officer, working at the CIA’s Counterintelligence Cen-
ter Analysis Group, before he was arrested by the FBI. He had also
worked as a mole for Russian intelligence.

In a plea bargain to avoid a death sentence (he was sentenced to
life imprisonment), he admitted that he had successfully burrowed
into the CIA and had worked there for over nine years on behalf of
the KGB. His description of his sub-rosa activities as a mole was part
of the plea bargain. This stunning revelation shook the CIA leader-
ship to its core. Until then, CIA executives steadfastly denied that it
was possible that the KGB could sustain a mole in American intel-
ligence. The Ames arrest also led the NSA to reassess its own vul-
nerability to penetration. Could there be an Ames inside the NSA?

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.indd 209 ® 9/30/16 8:13AM | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019697
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018589.txt,"The people who live here themselves are divided about what fidelity means. Be Faithful,
or Zero Grazing? Multiple wives, or divorce and remarriage? They themselves are
working towards gender equality, but have just as many arguments about its
implementation as Westerners do. They themselves are proud of their culture, and yet
there's one anti-HIV slogan that always leaps out at me when I spot it among the myriad
of posters and stickers:

There is nothing cultural about dying of AIDS.

te Ok ok

The original version of this article can be found on the Internet, but please note that I've
done some editing for clarity. Here's the original:

http://carnalnation.com/content/45680/1 133/sexual-abcs-africa-part-2-be-faithful

EDUCATION:
[theory] Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 3: Condoms

This article followed the previous two articles, published at CarnalNation.com in
January 2010. I think a lot of people would like to believe that Africans are ""different
from us"" and that's why HIV has had such an impact in Africa. And it's accurate to say
that certain cultural patterns influence the spread of HIV, as I described in the previous
piece, ""Be Faithful.""

But the truth is, also, that people are similar everywhere: we respond to certain
incentives, and sexuality is one of our most powerful incentives. The terrifying truth is
that Africans are not especially different from us... and given the right circumstances, the
West can and will be equally vulnerable to this awful epidemic. And as I learned more
and then came home, I began to see just how vulnerable we are. There are poor,
marginalized areas of the USA where HIV is reaching the same proportions that it has
reached in Africa. And even among privileged young Americans, HIV rates have been
rising for the first time in years.

te Ok ok

Sexual ABCs in Africa, Part 3: Condoms

In America, the common argument against explicit sex education -- and promoting
condom use in schools -- is that it will encourage kids to be promiscuous. The idea is that
if we portray it as normal for kids to be having sex and tell them how to do it safely,
they'll be more likely to go and have sex. As for the kids who'll have sex anyway... well,
they're sinning and don't deserve to know what they're doing.

Some things don't change, even across oceans. I occasionally hear the same arguments
against promoting condom use in southern Africa. But here, HIV is ripping the populace

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018589
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011275.txt,"KeralaGuy7 | @michaelsantoli if #brexit wins buy any massive dip 23 Jun 2016, O | negative
7 and sell rips. If #Brexit loses, buy dips if it happens or 22:37 - CEST
chase also :)
djdomiuk 7 signs that Brexit is really happening 23 Jun 2016, | England 0 | positive
https://t.co/maf0973ZZy via @POLITICOEurope 22:37 - CEST
#Brexit #LeaveEU #IndependanceDay #VoteLeave
Digi24 HD BREXIT | Emil Hurezeanu, despre consecinE>ele 23 Jun 2016, | RomA¢n 0 | negative
referendumului din Marea Britanie 22:54-CEST | ia
https://t.co/7E9or6kJOy
last_hussar | Me leaving the polling station #Brexit #EUref #Remain | 23 Jun 2016, | United 0 | negative
https://t.co/VHOTxyVsvd 22:54-CEST | Kingdo
m
valentindign | RT @golub: 'Brexit' to be followed by Grexit. 23 Jun 2016, | Vienna, 5494 | positive
oes Departugal. Italeave. Fruckoff. Czechout. Oustria. 22:54-CEST | Austria
Finish. Slovakout. Latervia. Byegium.
yoyen 7 menit lagi bilik suara tutup untuk #brexit 23 Jun 2016, | Nederla 0 | negative
22:54 - CEST | nd
daveb700 #brexit Mania! https://t.co/7 UO3uOTDVK 23 Jun 2016, | Emmaus 0 | negative
22:54-CEST |, PA
aleuru510 RT @EspuelasVox: Good info to understand this 23 Jun 2016, | Fort 16 | negative
#Brexit mess. https://t.co/afyEGMELys 22:54 -CEST | Worth,T
X
FOX10Phoe | RT @FoxBusiness: What impact, if any, will the #Brexit | 23 Jun 2016, | Phoenix, 3 | neutral
nix vote have on the U.S. economy? 22:54-CEST | AZ
https://t.co/nbnakeHjQb
Sr_GaliMati | @MonumentalCR A¢QuA®@ le sirve al mundo? Los de 23 Jun 2016, 0 | negative
as la ""campaAta del miedo"" dicen que los mercados 22:54 - CEST
financieros pueden resfriarse si gana el BREXIT.
vfezyzheljk | RT @KKKukushkin: DYNED D+D»D,D-D4D,D' NED°Ne | 23 Jun 2016, 5 | neutral
ma20 D%D*D%D»D%N DUDYDYNe 22:54 - CEST
N€Dub-NfD»NCEN,D°N,N—-B? #brexit 5 NED°DY’DENS
D-D° D2 N—D2NENCED2D .D%
i_vamshi Brexit or Bremain: Oil, Gold & FX Trades May See 23 Jun 2016, | Online! 0 | negative
Vastly Different ShortTerm Plays 22:54 - CEST
https://t.co/4aHxRm2qAC https://t.co/Qb319rZWOt
DateDarte La Brexit fa paura: l'incertezza ha dominato l'asta 23 Jun 2016, | Italia 0 | positive
impressionista da Christie's a Londra 22:54 - CEST
https://t.co/PmrmMwpOZc
huckhaas Hat eigentlich jetzt jeder der groAYen 23 Jun 2016, | Wiesba 0 | positive
Klassensprechertwitterer was Pfiffiges zum #Brexit 22:54-CEST | den
gebracht oder wird da noch gebrA‘tet?
CedricLng RT @Leave4Vote: #lVotedLeave #I|VotedLeave 23 Jun 2016, | Never 1 | positive
22:54-CEST | Lose
THERE HAS BEEN A NEW OFFICIAL PREDICTION Hope
ace i,
‘It appears Brexit have taken a storming lead France
againsa€ | (60)
eriklevert Brexit polls close in six minutes. Wild times. 23 Jun 2016, | Fort 0 | negative
22:54 - CEST | Worth,
TX, USA

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011275
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020016.txt,"Bannonites would, with lowered voices and certain pity, ask each other how he seemed
and how he was holding up; invariably they would agree about how bad he looked, the
strain etching ever deeper into his already ruined face. David Bossie thought Bannon
“looked like he would die.”

“T now understand what it is like to be in the court of the Tudors,” reflected Bannon.
On the campaign trail, he recalled, Newt Gingrich “would come with all these dumb ideas.
When we won he was my new best friend. Every day a hundred ideas. When”—by spring
in the White House—“T got cold, when I went through my Valley of Death, I saw him one
day in the lobby and he looks down, avoiding my eyes with a kind of mumbled ‘Hey,
Steve.’ And I say, ‘What are you doing here, let’s get you inside,’ and he says, “No, no,
I’m fine, I’m waiting for Dina Powell.’”

Having attained the unimaginable—bringing a fierce alt-right, anti-liberal
ethnopopulism into a central place in the White House—Bannon found himself face to
face with the untenable: undermined by and having to answer to rich, entitled Democrats.

7 OK Ok

The paradox of the Trump presidency was that it was both the most ideologically driven
and the least. It represented a deeply structural assault on liberal values—Bannon’s
deconstruction of the administrative state meant to take with it media, academic, and not-
for-profit institutions. But from the start it also was apparent that the Trump administration
could just as easily turn into a country club Republican or a Wall Street Democrat regime.
Or just a constant effort to keep Donald Trump happy. Trump had his collection of pet-
peeve issues, test-marketed in various media rollouts and megarallies, but none seemed so
significant as his greater goal of personally coming out ahead of the game.

As the drumbeat for Bannon’s removal grew, the Mercers stepped in to protect their
investment in radical government overthrow and the future of Steve Bannon.

In an age when all successful political candidates are surrounded by, if not at the beck
and call of, difficult, rich people pushing the bounds of their own power—and the richer
they were, the more difficult they might be—Bob and Rebekah Mercer were quite onto
themselves. If Trump’s ascent was unlikely, the Mercers’ was all the more so.

Even the difficult rich—the Koch brothers and Sheldon Adelson on the right, David
Geffen and George Soros on the left—are leavened and restrained by the fact that money
exists In a competitive market. Obnoxiousness has its limits. The world of the rich is, in its
fashion, self-regulating. Social climbing has rules.

But among the difficult and entitled rich, the Mercers cut a path through disbelief and
incredulity. Unlike other people contributing vast sums to political candidates, they were
willing not to win—ever. Their bubble was their bubble.

So when they did win, by the fluke alignment of the stars for Donald Trump, they were

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020016
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013802.txt,"I leaned against the wall and slid down until I was sitting on the floor. I closed my eyes, smiled, and
took a deep breath. Things were about to change.

Everything was about to change.

Lifestyle Design from Dubai to Berlin

Tie 4-Hour Workweek has now been sold into 35 languages. It’s been on the bestseller lists for more

than two years, and every month brings a new story and a new discovery.

From the Economist to the cover of the New York Times Style section, from the streets of Dubai to the
cafes of Berlin, lifestyle design has cut across cultures to become a worldwide movement. The original
ideas of the book have been broken apart, improved, and tested in environments and ways I never could
have imagined.

So why the new edition if things are working so well? Because I knew it could be better, and there
was a missing ingredient: you.

This expanded and updated edition contains more than 100 pages of new content, including the latest
cutting-edge technologies, field-tested resources, and—most important—real-world success stories
chosen from more than 400 pages of case studies submitted by readers.

Families and students’? CEOs and professional vagabonds’? Take your pick. There should be someone
whose results you can duplicate. Need a template to negotiate remote work, a paid year in Argentina,
perhaps? This time, it’s in here.

The Experiments in Lifestyle Design blog (www.fourhourblog.com) was launched alongside the book,
and within six months, it became one of the top 1,000 blogs in the world, out of more than 120 million.
Thousands of readers have shared their own amazing tools and tricks, producing phenomenal and
unexpected results. The blog became the laboratory Pd always wanted, and I encourage you to join us
there.

The new “Best of the Blog” section includes several of the most popular posts from the Experiments
in Lifestyle Design blog. On the blog itself, you can also find recommendations from everyone from
Warren Buffett (seriously, I tracked him down and show you how I did it) to chess prodigy Josh
Waitzkin. It’s an experimental playground for those who want better results in less time.

Not “Revised”

Tris is not a “revised” edition in the sense that the original no longer works. The typos and small
mistakes have been fixed over more than 40 printings in the U.S. This is the first major overhaul, but not
for the reason you’d expect.

Things have changed dramatically since April 2007. Banks are failing, retirement and pension funds
are evaporating, and jobs are being lost at record rates. Readers and skeptics alike have asked: Can the
principles and techniques in the book really still work in an economic recession or depression?

Yes and yes.

In fact, questions I posed during pre-crash lectures, including “How would your priorities and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013802
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032853.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 2/19/2016 5:46:24 PM
To: Michael Wo!
Subject: Re: Trump

Importance: — High

Im here today, ehud barak at 1 , would you like to join at 2?

On Fri, Feb 19, 2016 at 12:44 PM, Michael Wolff (i wrote:

NYT called me about you and Trump. Also, Hillary campaign digging deeply. Again, you should consider
preempting.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032853
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033595.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033595
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031992.txt,"From: Daniel Siad 
Sent: 7/24/2010 5:10:54 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: hello from ibiza 
can you come to Ibiza or you can send us the ticket to come with 
Tigrane and five girls to Paris because they have there return ticket 
from Barcelona if they are living from here 
it will be great if you can arrenge for us tickets for Paris 
please let me know so we can get orgnized 
On 7/24/10, Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
> i will be in paris tom000rw night 
> • On Sat Jul 24 2010 at 9:32 AM, Daniel Siad 
wrote: 
»• the other girl name is 
» On Sat, Jul 24, 2010 at 2:28 PM, Daniel Siad < 
wrote: 
>» Can you call me 
>» I am with tigrane he would like to meet you he is here with me in Ibiza 
>» with 8 top girls he said he would like to build some thing with you 
>» can you come to Ibiza we have a huge house or how can we orgnise this 
>» meeting even Jean Luc could doo a great biz also 
>» he has the most amizing top models on stand by I told him not to do any 
>» deals with anybody before he meet with you . 
>» he stoped working with IMG and Trump wi here please call me and let me 
>» know what is your plans 
>» 
>» warmest regards 
>» Daniel 
>» 
>» 
>» On Fri, Jul 23, 2010 at 2:38 PM, Jeffrey Epstein 
>» <jeevacation@gmail.com>wrote: 
>» 
»» what is your schedule? 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> *********************************************************** 
»» The information contained in this communication is 
»» confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
»» constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
»» the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
»» Jeffrey Epstein 
»» Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
»» communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
»» and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
»» communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
»» return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
»» destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
»» including all attachments. 
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>» --
>» Confidentiality Notice: The information contained in this electronic 
>» message is PRIVILEGED and confidential information intended only for the 
>» use 
>» of the individual entity or entities named as recipient or recipients. If 
>» the reader is not the intended recipient, be hereby notified that any 
>» dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication is strictly 
>» prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please 
>» notify 
>» me immediately by electronic mail or by telephone and permanently delete 
>» this message from your computer system. Thank you. 
> > > 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031992 
» 
» 
» 
» 
» Confidentiality Notice: The information contained in this electronic 
» message is PRIVILEGED and confidential information intended only for the 
» use 
» of the individual entity or entities named as recipient or recipients. If 
» the reader is not the intended recipient, be hereby notified that any 
» dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication is strictly 
» prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please 
» notify 
» me immediately by electronic mail or by telephone and permanently delete 
» this message from your computer system. Thank you. 
> > 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> *********************************************************** 
> The information contained in this communication is 
> confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
> constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
> the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
> Jeffrey Epstein 
> Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
> communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
> and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
> communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
> return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
> destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
> including all attachments. 
> 
- - 
- - 
--
Confidentiality Notice: The information contained in this electronic 
message is PRIVILEGED and confidential information intended only for 
the use of the individual entity or entities named as recipient or 
recipients. If the reader is not the intended recipient, be hereby 
notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this 
communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify me immediately by electronic 
mail or by telephone and permanently delete this message from your 
computer system. Thank you. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031993 
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032847.txt,"please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032847
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031986.txt,"From: 
Sent: 2/6/2011 9:35:06 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Re: You should see this movie/documentary 
seems very one-sided and as if the makers didn't quite see the bigger picture 
i'm not sure the finance industry really had too much of a choice 
-----Original Message----- 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
To: 
Sent: Sun, Feb 6, 2011 5:27 am 
Subject: Re: You should see this movie/documentary 
it is very unfair, and misrepresents tons of inf 
On Sun, Feb 6, 2011 at 3:26 AM, wrote: 
Inside Job (2010) 
NYT Critics' PickThis movie has been designated a Critic's Pick by the film reviewers of The New York 
Times. 
Sony Pictures Classics 
Henry Paulson, Ben Bernanke and Timothy Geithner in the documentary ""Inside Job."" 
Who Maimed the Economy, and How 
By A. 0. SCOTT 
""Inside Job,"" a sleek, briskly paced film whose title suggests a heist movie, is the story of a crime 
without punishment, of an outrage that has so far largely escaped legal sanction and societal stigma. The 
betrayal of public trust and collective values that Mr. Ferguson chronicles was far more brazen and 
damaging than the adultery in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel, which treated Hester more as scapegoat than 
villain. 
The gist of this movie, which begins in a mood of calm reflection and grows angrier and more incredulous 
as it goes on, is unmistakably punitive. The density of information and the complexity of the subject 
matter make ""Inside Job"" feel like a classroom lecture at times, but by the end Mr. Ferguson has summoned 
the scourging moral force of a pulpit-shaking sermon. That he delivers it with rigor, restraint and good 
humor makes his case all the more devastating. 
He is hardly alone in making it. Numerous journalists have published books and articles retracing the 
paths that led the world economy to the precipice two years ago. The deregulation of the financial 
services industry in the 1980s and '90s; the growing popularity of complex and risky derivatives; the 
real estate bubble and the explosion of subprime lending — none of these developments were exactly 
secret. On the contrary, they were celebrated as vindications of the power and wisdom of markets. 
Accordingly, Mr. Ferguson recycles choice moments of triumphalism, courtesy of Lawrence H. Summers, 
George W. Bush, Alan Greenspan and various cable television ranters and squawkers. 
Even as stock indexes soared and profits swelled, there were always at least a few investors, economists 
and government officials who warned that the frenzied speculation was leading to the abyss. Some of these 
prophets without honor show up in front of Mr. Ferguson's camera, less to gloat than to present, once 
again, the analyses that were dismissed and ignored by their peers for so long. 
Dozens of interviews — along with news clips and arresting aerial shots of New York, Iceland and other 
disaster areas — are folded into a clear and absorbing history, narrated by Matt Damon. The music (an 
opening song, ""Big Time,"" by Peter Gabriel, and a score by Alex Heffes) and the clean wide-screen 
cinematography provide an aesthetic polish that is welcome for its own sake and also important to the 
movie's themes. The handsomely lighted and appointed interiors convey a sense of the rarefied, privileged 
worlds in which the Wall Street operators and their political enablers flourished, and the elegance of 
the presentation also subliminally bolsters the film's authority. This is not a piece of ragged 
muckraking or breathless advocacy. It rests its outrage on reason, research and careful argument. 
The same was true of Mr. Ferguson's previous documentary, ""No End in Sight,"" which focused on 
catastrophic policies carried out in Iraq by President George W. Bush's administration just after the 
overthrow of Saddam Hussein. But whereas that film concentrated on a narrow view of a complex subject — 
the conduct of the war rather than the at least equally controversial rationale for fighting it — ""Inside 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031986 
Job"" offers a sweeping synthesis, going as far back as the Reagan administration and as far afield as 
Iceland in its anatomy of the financial crisis. 
Perhaps unsurprisingly, many of the highest-profile players declined to be interviewed. Mr. Summers 
appears only in news footage, and none of his predecessors or successors as Treasury secretary — not 
Robert E. Rubin or Henry M. Paulson Jr. or Timothy F. Geithner — submit to Mr. Ferguson's questions. Nor 
do any of the top executives at Goldman Sachs or the other big banks. Most of the interviewees are, at 
least from the perspective of the filmmaker, friendly witnesses, adding fuel to the director's 
comprehensive critique of the way business has been done in the United States and the other advanced 
capitalist countries for the past two decades. 
Both American political parties are indicted; ""Inside Job"" is not simply another belated settling of 
accounts with Mr. Bush and his advisers, though they are hardly ignored. The scaling back of government 
oversight and the weakening of checks on speculative activity by banks began under Reagan and continued 
during the Clinton administration. And with each administration the market in derivatives expanded, and 
alarms about the dangers of this type of investment were ignored. Raghuram Rajan, chief economist at the 
International Monetary Fund, presented a paper in 2005 warning of a ""catastrophic meltdown"" and was 
mocked as a ""Luddite"" by Mr. Summers. 
Meanwhile, some investment bankers — at Goldman Sachs in particular — were betting against the positions 
they were pushing on their customers. An elaborate house of cards had been constructed in which bad 
consumer loans were bundled into securities, which, were certified as sound by rating agencies paid by 
the banks and then insured via credit-default swaps. One risky bet was stacked on top of another, and in 
retrospect the collapse of the whole edifice, along with the loss of jobs, homes, pensions and political 
confidence, seems inevitable. 
How did this happen? Mr. Ferguson is no conspiracy theorist; nor is he inclined toward structural or 
systemic explanations. Markets are not like tectonic plates, shifting on their own. Visible hands write 
laws and make deals, and in this case a combination of warped values and groupthink seems to have driven 
very intelligent men (and they were mostly men) toward folly. In addition to business and government, Mr. 
Ferguson aims his critique at academia, suggesting that the discipline of economics and more than a few 
prominent economists were corrupted by consulting fees, seats on boards of directors and membership in 
the masters of the universe club. 
When he challenges some of these professors, in particular those who held positions of responsibility in 
the White House or in the Federal Reserve, they are reduced to stammering obfuscation — Markets are 
complicated! Who could have predicted? I don't see any conflict of interest — and occasionally provoked 
to testiness. Mr. Ferguson, for his part, cannot always contain his incredulity or rein in his sarcasm. 
Occasionally his voice pipes up from off camera, saying things like, ""You can't be serious!"" 
But it is hard to imagine a movie more serious, and more urgent, than ""Inside Job."" There are a few 
avenues that might have been explored more thoroughly, in particular the effects of the crisis on 
ordinary, non-Wall-Street-connected workers and homeowners. The end of the film raises a disturbing 
question, as Mr. Damon exhorts viewers to demand changes in the status quo so that the trends associated 
with unchecked speculation of the kind that caused the last crisis — rising inequality, neglect of 
productive capacity, endless cycles of boom and bust — might be reversed. 
This call to arms makes you wonder why anger of the kind so eloquently expressed in ""Inside Job"" has been 
so inchoate. And through no fault of its own, the film may leave you dispirited as well as enraged. Its 
fate is likely to be that of other documentaries: praised in some quarters, nitpicked in others and 
shrugged off by those who need its message most. Which is a shame. 
""Inside Job"" is rated PG-13 (Parents strongly cautioned). Some drug and sex references and pervasive 
obscenity, though not the verbal kind. 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031987 
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033581.txt,"From:

Sent: 12/7/2016 5:31:19 PM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com
Subject: Re:

well heaven can wait

In a message dated 12/7/2016 12:30:19 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes:

oy

On Wed, Dec 7, 2016 at 1:29 PM, i wrote:

yikes your birthday coming up next month

In a message dated 12/7/2016 12:25:22 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes:

plenty left

On Wed, Dec 7, 2016 at 1:01 PM, Jonathan Farkas EE wrote:

Hi jeffrey hope all is well | think you are going to have a windertul life from now on in your opinion how much is left in
this market it's been a trump triumph | gave him some money through woody best jonathan

Sent from my iPhone

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033581
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029328.txt,"RAFANELLI

we love surprises.
we feel that elegance comes in more colors than white.

we embrace intimate gatherings of 2,000,
and boisterous crowds of ten.

we are confident that if you want it, we can find it.
we can’t resist setting high expectations. and then exceeding them.

we recognize the power of a good story.
and that what’s been done before is the last refuge of the uninspired.

we believe in “wow.”
we believe illusion is the first of all pleasures.

we see your event as more than a reflection of you.
it is you. just more so.

we are inspired by the doctrine of original thought.
we pay attention to detail.
we live for beauty.
we support the politics of chintz. and the etiquette of mylar.
we create tents made of satin. and evenings made of fun.
we believe in happy endings.
we are Rafanelli Events.

and the best event we’ve ever done
is going to be yours.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029328
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019683.txt,"PART THREE

THE GAME OF NATIONS

I learned that just beneath the surface there’s another world,

and still different worlds as you dig deeper.

—DAVID LYNCH, on his 1986 film, Blue Velvet

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.indd 195 ® 9/30/16 8:13AM | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019683
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032427.txt,"JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032427
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011261.txt,"victorbenito | RT @quiquepeinado: Si gana el Brexit, Aélslandia pasa | 23 Jun 2016, | Arganda 104 | NA
86 a cuartos? 19:46 - CEST | del Rey
L_Amalgam_ | Etant donnA© que les gens qui sont pour le #Brexit 23 Jun 2016, | FR... 1|NA
eur sont des arriA@rA@s, vous ne les entendrez pas sur 19:46 - CEST | enfin ce
@franceinfo. qu'il en
reste
Aucun intA@rAét.
#RA©@sumAO©
MuriMursic | @MatevzNovak @lucijausaj do izbrane meje tudi jaz 23 Jun 2016, | Atajers 0} NA
podpiram #Brexit. UpoAitevaje politiAeno evolucijo 19:46 - CEST | ka
naslednikov partizanov pa?
KikoPeres Brexit {Britain exiting the EU} ~ The Movie Full Film 23 Jun 2016, | Brasil 0 | NA
https://t.co/FgbclOgcJY via @pfc_net 19:46 - CEST
JMokha_ RT @missingfaktor: Brexit. Grexit. Departugal. 23 Jun 2016, | Kitwe 6011 | positive
Italeave. Fruckoff. Czechout. Oustria. Finish. 19:46 - CEST
Slovakout. Latervia. Byegium.
Blake2_0 RT @robmanuel: A vote for Brexit is a vote for aman 23 Jun 2016, | Lincoln 7589 | NA
who doesn't understand how capos work. 19:46 - CEST
https://t.co/QNRLaaE5GX
SexenioCD David Cameron emite su voto en el #Brexit 23 Jun 2016, | Distrito 0) NA
MX https://t.co/xzWNVELbB8 19:46 - CEST | Federal
Capezzone RT @formichenews: Chi soffrirebbe di piA' con la 23 Jun 2016, 1|NA
Brexit L'intervento di Daniele Capezzone 19:46 - CEST
https://t.co/I2SiGSIWZM
sallyshin RT @CNBCSocial: In a stunning turn of events, it's 23 Jun 2016, | New 13 | NA
raining in London. That won't stop CNBC's 19:46 - CEST | York, NY
@kaylatausche from reporting #Brexit a~” https:/a€ |
saints247 People are losing their minds and humour over #Brexit | 23 Jun 2016, | Southa 0 | negative
Slagging each other off because you think different to | 20:03 - CEST | mpton
them. Shame.
FearAnLoat | | #Voteln for the #Brexit HEURef vote with @Brndstr & | 23 Jun 2016, | Brighton 0 | positive
hin unlocked my own Flag Profile pic! What will you vote? | 20:03-CEST | - IG:
Hivoted https://t.co/f2UkOorndM FearAnL
oathin
yoga4tea RT @TheCanarySays: However Britain votes today, 23 Jun 2016, 25 | negative
David Cameron is f*cked https://t.co/10fJn4dw34A 20:03 - CEST
#olsx #euref #ivoted #remain #brexit #VoteLa€ |
FrenchForTr | RT @JaredWyand: Howa€™s it feel Brits knowing the 23 Jun 2016, | Miami, 87 | positive
ump Muslim population you let in is voting against your 20:03 - CEST | FL
independence today?
#Brexit #VoteLeaveaé |
annecagle https://t.co/wSNMjiQgKV #brexit Please don't leave. 23 Jun 2016, | Pacific 0 | positive
20:03 - CEST | Northw
est
TimBukOne_ | SJSESBK #STANBANK View article 23 Jun 2016, | South O | neutral
NEWS https://t.co/4BVtCTtaZv https://t.co/kIxlY¥CmWt5 20:03 - CEST | Africa
davidkski RT @Snowden: No matter the outcome, #Brexit polls 23 Jun 2016, | Yardley 5318 | neutral
demonstrate how quickly half of any population can 20:03 - CEST | Pa-NYC
be convinced to vote against itself. Qa€ | & in-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011261
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020002.txt,"Lyndon Johnson ended up—one of the first modern politicians to have found himself on
the wrong end of both mortal and moral politics.)

But now, after little more than seven weeks in office, Trump saw his own predicament
as unique and overwhelming. Like no other president before (though he did make some
allowances for Bill Clinton), his enemies were out to get him. Worse, the system was
rigged against him. The bureaucratic swamp, the intelligence agencies, the unfair courts,
the lying media—they were all lined up against him. This was, for his senior staff, a
reliable topic of conversation with him: the possible martyrdom of Donald Trump.

In the president’s nighttime calls, he kept coming back to how unfair this was, and to
what Tony Blair had said—and others, too! It all added up. There was a plot against him.

Now, it was certainly true that Trump’s closest staff appreciated his volatility, and, to a
person, was alarmed by it. At points on the day’s spectrum of adverse political
developments, he could have moments of, almost everyone would admit, irrationality.
When that happened, he was alone in his anger and not approachable by anyone. His
senior staff largely dealt with these dark hours by agreeing with him, no matter what he
said. And if some of them occasionally tried to hedge, Hope Hicks never did. She agreed
absolutely with all of it.

At Mar-a-Lago on the evening of March 3, the president watched Bret Baier interview
Paul Ryan on Fox. Baier asked the Speaker about a report on the online news site Circa—
owned by Sinclair, the conservative broadcast group—involving allegations that Trump
Tower had been surveilled during the campaign.

On March 4, Trump’s early morning tweets began:

Terrible! Just found out that Obama had my “wires tapped” in Trump Tower just before the
victory. Nothing found. This is McCarthyism! (4:35 a.m.)

Is it legal for a sitting President to be “wire tapping” a race for president prior to an election?
Turned down by court earlier. ANEW LOW! (4:49 a.m.)

How low has President Obama gone to tap my phones during the very sacred election process.

This is Nixon/Watergate. Bad (or sick) guy! (5:02 a.m.)
At 6:40 he called Priebus, waking him up. “Did you see my tweet?” he asked. “We’ve
caught them red-handed!” Then the president held his phone so Priebus could hear the
playback of the Baier show.

He had no interest in precision, or even any ability to be precise. This was pure public
exclamation, a window into pain and frustration. With his misspellings and his use of
1970s lingo—“wire tapping” called up an image of FBI agents crouched in a van on Fifth
Avenue—it seemed kooky and farcical. Of the many tweets that Trump had seemed to
hoist himself by, from the point of view of the media, intelligence community, and
extremely satisfied Democrats, the wiretap tweets had pulled him highest and most left
him dangling in ignorance and embarrassment.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020002
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033149.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/31/2019 9:33:59 AM 
To: Michael Wolff 
https://www.nytimes.com/20 1 9/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades .html 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033149 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013816.txt,"While Dale’s teammates were hitting the slopes for extra sessions, he was often buying sake for clients
in Tokyo. In a world of “work harder, not smarter,” it came to pass that his coaches felt he was spending
too much time on his business and not enough time in training, despite his results.

Rather than choose between his business or his dream, Dale chose to move laterally with both, from
either/or to both/and. He wasn’t spending too much time on his business; he and his brother were
spending too much time with Canucks.

In 2002, they moved to the ski capital of the world, Australia, where the team was smaller, more
flexible, and coached by a legend. Three short years later, he received citizenship, went head-to-head
against former teammates, and became the third “Aussie” in history to win winter gold.

In the land of wallabies and big surf, Dale has since gone postal. Literally. Right next to the Elvis
Presley commemorative edition, you can buy stamps with his face on them.

Fame has its perks, as does looking outside the choices presented to you. There are always lateral
options.

NEW CALEDOINA, SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

Once you say you’re going to settle for second, that’s what happens to you in life.
—JOHN F. KENNEDY

Some people remain convinced that just a bit more money will make things right. Their goals are

arbitrary moving targets: $300,000 in the bank, $1,000,000 in the portfolio, $100,000 a year instead of
$50,000, etc. Julie’s goal made intrinsic sense: come back with the same number of children she had left
with.

She reclined in her seat and glanced across the aisle past her sleeping husband, Marc, counting as she
had done thousands of times—one, two, three. So far so good. In 12 hours, they would all be back in
Paris, safe and sound. That was assuming the plane from New Caledonia held together, of course.

New Caledonia?

Nestled in the tropics of the Coral Sea, New Caledonia was a French territory and where Julie and
Marc had just sold the sailboat that took them 15,000 miles around the world. Of course, recouping their
initial investment had been part of the plan. All said and done, their 15-month exploration of the globe,
from the gondola-rich waterways of Venice to the tribal shores of Polynesia, had cost between $18,000
and $19,000. Less than rent and baguettes in Paris.

Most people would consider this impossible. Then again, most people don’t know that more than 300
families set sail from France each year to do the same.

The trip had been a dream for almost two decades, relegated to the back of the line behind an ever-
growing list of responsibilities. Each passing moment brought a new list of reasons for putting it off. One
day, Julie realized that if she didn’t do it now, she would never do it. The rationalizations, legitimate or
not, would just continue to add up and make it harder to convince herself that escape was possible.

One year of preparation and one 30-day trial run with her husband later, they set sail on the trip of a
lifetime. Julie realized almost as soon as the anchor lifted that, far from being a reason not to travel and
seek adventure, children are perhaps the best reason of all to do both.

Pre-trip, her three little boys had fought like banshees at the drop of a hat. In the process of learning to
coexist in a floating bedroom, they learned patience, as much for themselves as for the sanity of their
parents. Pre-trip, books were about as appealing as eating sand. Given the alternative of staring at a wall
on the open sea, all three learned to love books. Pulling them out of school for one academic year and
exposing them to new environments had proven to be the best investment in their education to date.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013816
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028750.txt,"DP: The U.S. has been the patron for democracy for a century, since
Wilson’s 14 Points, and a wonderful heritage it has been. When an
American travels the world, he finds himself in country after country
where his country played a monumentally positive role, especially in
democratizing the system. We naturally want to extend this to Muslim-
majority countries. Sadly, these for some time have offered an unpleasant
choice between brutal and greedy dictators or ideological, extreme, and
antagonistic elected Islamists. It’s not a choice we should accept.

TB: So what should we do?

DP: I offer three simple guidelines. One, always oppose the Islamists. Like
fascists and Communists, they are the totalitarian enemy, whether they
wear long beards in Pakistan or suits in Washington.

Two, always support the liberal, modern, secular people who share our
worldview. They look to us for moral and other sustenance; we should be
true to them. They are not that strong, and cannot take power soon
anywhere, but they represent hope, offering the Muslim world’s only
prospect of escape from the dreary dichotomy of dictatorship or
extremism.

Three, and more difficult, cooperate with dictators but condition it on
pushing them toward reform and opening up. We need the Mubaraks of
the world and they need us. Fine, but relentlessly keep the pressure on
them to improve their rule. Had we begun this process with Abdullah
Saleh of Yemen in 1978 or with Mubarak in 1981, things could have been
very different by 2011. But we didn’t.

TB: Egypt might be the test case.

DP: Well, it’s a bit late. Mohammed Mors! 1s not a greedy dictator but he
emerged from the Muslim Brotherhood, and his efforts since reaching
power have been purely Islamist.

TB: What about the recent elections?

DP: I do not believe that a single one of the elections and referenda in
Egypt was fairly conducted. It surprises me that Western governments and
media are so gullible on this score.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028750
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011507.txt,"I was intrigued by the mechanical puzzle and managed to locate two slightly
rusted locks. One was a Yale, the other an Israeli-made lookalike called a
Nabob. One evening after dinner, I searched the ground around the kibbutz
garage for shards of metal that looked like they might fit into the key slot, and
spent the next half-hour or so propped against a tree, trying and failing to coax
either lock to open. I realized I would need to discover how the locks worked.
But how to get inside to see?

Saturday afternoons in Mishmar Hasharon were a quiet time, like the old
Jewish neighborhoods and shtetls back in Europe but minus the religious
trappings. The next day, I waited until mid-afternoon and walked past the
bakery towards the garage. Its roll-down, corrugated door was locked. So was
the structure next to it, where the blacksmith and metalwork shop were. But
attached to the blacksmith’s was a hut where our scrap metal was dumped. I
doubted it would be locked, and it wasn’t. Pausing to let my eyes get used to the
dark, I made my way into the metalwork area. I crossed to the cabinet where the
tools were kept. I took out a steel jigsaw used for cutting through metal and,
hiding it under my shirt, made my way out again.

Fortunately, the saw was up to the task of cutting into the softer alloy that
made up the body of the locks. Once I’d cut inside them, I saw they shared the
same basic construction. There was a series of springs and shafts which, in
response to the indentations of a key, aligned in such a way to allow the lock to
open. I sneaked back into the metalwork shop five or six times. By trial and
error, I managed to shape one of jigsaw blades into a pick tool that seemed like
it should do the job. For days, I manipulated it into each of the padlocks. I knew
I had the principle right, but I still couldn’t get it to work. Blisters formed on my
thumb and fingers. Then, finally, the Yale sprung open! With each successive
try I got better at knowing how to put the blade in, when and where to rotate it
and how much pressure to apply. After fashioning a half-dozen other tools, each
slightly different in width and shape, I reached a point where I could get the
mechanism to work on my first try. Other locks — doors, trunks, closets — were
even easier after I made picks for them as well.

I couldn’t resist sharing my newly acquired skill with a couple of the boys in
my class, and word gradually spread. There was a handful of slightly older boys
who we referred to as the “rogues”. They weren’t delinquents. They were free
spirits, bridling at the uniform expectations and rules of kibbutz life. Over the
next few years, as co-conspirators more than close friends, I found myself
drawn to two of them. Ido and Moshe were 18 months older than me. Though

36
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011507
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026924.txt,"From: paul krassner 
Sent: 12/20/2018 8:09:23 PM 
To: Danny Goldberg 
Subject: Fwd: 
Importance: High 
]; Kevin Bright I ]; Caryl Ratner 
AMERICA'S FINEST NEWS SOURCE 
Video Politics Sports Local Business Entertainment 
i 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026924 
Ho, Ho, Ho! Send Me $11313 Billion By 
Christmas Or I Will Detonate A Dirty 
Bomb In 5 Major Cities! 
Season's greetings from your old friend Santa! My, my, it seems the Christmas season 
comes a bit earlier each year, doesn't it? Yes, it certainly does. And with the hours ticking 
away until we make the Yuletide gay, jolly old Saint Nick has a very important message for 
all his boys and girls. 
Read more... 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026925 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026926 
Voyeur Researchers 
Recommend At Least 7 Hours 
Of Watching Someone Sleep 
Per Night 
Man Spends Long Day At Work 
Waiting To Go Home And Be 
Lonely 
Winner Of 'The Voice' Excited 
To Use $50 Chili's Gift Card 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026927 
Raiders Announce Plan To Play 
2019 Home Games In Jon 
Gruden's Backyard 
.:1•1711-F, 
%WIT:Az. 
Onion Politics 
MORE POLITICAL COVERAGE 0 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026928 
News in Brief 
Firefighter Excitedly 
Checks Drop-Off Bin To 
See If They Got Any 
Babies While They Were 
Out 
Infographic 
The Trump Presidency 
In 2018 
News in Brief 
Ecstatic Pope Francis 
Finally Lands Role As 
Mary In St. Peter's 
Christmas Pageant 
New Videos 
Popular Videos 
All Series 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026929 
UCF Deserves A Shot To Be Utterly Destroyed In 
The College Football Playoff 
SHARE THIS WITH FRIENDS OR SPAM YOUR ENEMIES 
:17.3 
POPULAR VIDEOS 
VIDEOS s„ALL, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026930 
5 Things To Know About 
`Aquaman' 
AMERICAN 
VOICES 
Should The NFL Offer 
To Reinstate Kareem 
Hunt If He Promises To 
Play Extra Hard? 
SEE ALL 0 
Gun Deaths In U.S. At 
40-Year High 
Merriam-Webster 
Names 'Justice' Word Of 
The Year 
The Origins Of Popular 
Christmas Songs 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026931 
STAY CONNECTED FOR EVEN MORE 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026932 
The Onion is not intended for readers under 18 years of age. 
0 Copyright 2018 Onion Inc. All rights reserved I 730 N Franklin St, 7th Floor, Chicago, IL 60654 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026933 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021093.txt,"﻿impressed a pupil's father who then recruited-him to a job on Wall 
Street. Epstein used his mathematical knowledge to develop complex 
formulae that could be applied to financial markets, especially in the 
area of currency exchange. He went on to form his own company and 
began advising Leslie Wexner, the billionaire creator of the Limited 
Brands group, which owns, among other extremely successful 
companies, Victoria's Secret and La Senza. Some on Wall Street believe 
that Wexner is the source of Epstein's fortune, although the version 
Epstein seems to prefer is that he advises a number of very rich clients. 
Intriguingly, he is said to have a permit to carry a gun. Epstein's talents 
are not restricted to mathematics. He plays the piano to concert 
standard (there is a nine-foot Steinway grand in his house) and he 
cultivates Nobel Prize-winning scientists with whom he engages 
in arcane conversation.. . 
'Ghislaine was totally in thrall to him,' Rupert 
Fairfax said:. Ile death of her father left a terrible 
gap in her lifeand Jeffrey-filled it. I remember seeing 
them together in Aspen. Jeffrey was everything to 
her. He lifted her up at a time when she was very 
down.' C4hislainfrfriends have asserted tharshe 
desperately wanted to marry Epstein, but that their 
romance turned into what one has described as 'an 
affectionate business relationship'. Epstein provided 
Ghislaine with a home, a beaux-arts townhouse on 
the Upper Fast Side close to his own residence. He 
also gave her the wherewithal to run it in a grand 
manner; she employed a substantial staff, including a 
full-time butler and maid who had their own 
quarters at the property. Ghislaine appeared effortlessly to establish 
herself as one of New York's leading socialites. Witness, for instance, the 
party she threw for Allegra Hicks, the designer ex-wife ofAshley Hicks, a 
grandson of Earl Mountbatten and second cousin of the Prince of Wales. 
The 80 guests at Ghislaine's house included Hollywood actor Matthew 
Modine, at least one Rockefeller, a Radziwill and numerous 
billionaires. After toasting the future of Allegra's new shop in New York 
with vintage Dom Perignon, Ghislaine took her guests to the library, 
where the books had been given fake spines with titles naming her 
friends. The party, like many she hosted, was a triumph and her success 
gave the slightly gauche Epstein a social entree that had thus far eluded 
him. She is credited with helping him forge a friendship with Bill 
Clinton, among other figures of influence. 
But even Epstein could scarcely have imagined she would create an 
opportunity for friendship with a member of the British royal family — 
Prince Andrew, whom she appears to have met in London when he was 
`Ghislaine was 
totally in thrall 
to him. The death 
of her father left 
a terrible gap in 
her life and Jeffrey 
filled it' 
working at the Minstry of Defence. At the turn of the millennium, 
Ghislaine and Andrew were hardly ever apart, enjoying eight different 
jaunts together in the space of a year. In February 2000, they holidayed 
in Palm Beach. Then they travelled to New York for a fashion show. A 
month later, Andrew was back in New York at a fundraiser for the 
London Symphony Orchestra, again accompanied by Ghislaine. A few 
weeks after that, Andrew returned for another round of socialising with 
Ghislaine. The following month, they met up for another holiday in 
Florida. In the autumn, Andrew flew to New York, where he and 
Ghislaine were spotted together. Just before Christmas, Andrew gave a 
house party at Sandringham to mark Ghislaine's 39th birthday. A few 
weeks later, in January 2001, they were on holiday again, in Phuket. • 
What was going on? Was it a romance? No, said informed sources. 
Because on at least five of the eight occasions when Andrew and 
Ghislaine were together, Jeffrey Epstein was there as 
well. Andrew invited them both to Windsor for the 
Queen's birthday party. One of Epstein's friends, 
Nobel Prize-winning scientist Murray Gell-Mann, 
said he understood that Epstein had given the 
Queen financial advice. 
After almost 10 years together, Ghislaine had 
become what Epstein characterised as his 'best 
friend'. He once denied that she was on his payroll, 
but ratiainquiries suggest that her financial 
infireadiliLdirectly back to Epstein.4 1995 a 
company called Ghislainwas registered in 
Florida, with offices at Epstein's Palm Beach 
address. Whenever Ghislaine is asked what she 
does, she says she is managing director of a company calleddiftiork 
illeirnamb Not much is known about this company except that, 
according to records, it is in the business of investment counselling. 
That is Epstein's area of expertise and closer inspection shows that New 
York Strategy Group is just another part of his financial empire. So if 
Ghislaine really does work for Epstein, what does she do? 
There is, in fact, a clue buried in the court documentation from 
Pennsylvania. In 2003 a writ was filed by Nelson Shanks, the celebrated 
portraitist whose sitters have included Pope John Paul II, Ronald 
Reagan and Diana, Princess of Wales. Shanks claimed that he had been 
hired to paint the clothing billionairelkesliellair his wife Abigail 
and their children. Yet when Shanks finished the picture, Wexner 
refused to pay for it, owing $339,000. When Shanks sued for his money 
— successfully, .gs.it turned out — he also named Jeffrey Epstein and 
Ghislaine Maxwell. It was Ghislaine, he said; who hadapproached him 
and arranged the deal with Wexner. Epstein wa.S also involved, he said. It 
Below from left, Ghislaine with Imran Khan; Keith Richards; and Yasmin Le Bon 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010619.txt,"OGE Fonn 278¢ (March 2014)
Instructions for Part 1

Note: This is a public form. Do not include account numbers, street addresses, or family member names. See instructions for required information.

Organization Name

Filer's Name
Donald J. Trump

Part 1: Filer's Positions Held Outside United States Government

Position Held

City/State

Organization Type

3 of 51

From

| DT Dubai II Golf Manager LLC [New York, NY. | LLC Member/President 10/30/14 1/19/2017
DT Dubai II Golf Manager Member Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/Chairman/President 10/30/14
DT Home Marks International LLC New York, NY. LLC Member/President 07/42/13 4/19/2017
DT Home Marks International Member Cor, New York, NY Corporation Director/Chairman/President 07/2/13 4/49/2017
DT India Venture LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President | 01/09/12 | 1/19/2017
54 DT India Venture Managing Member Corp New York, NY. Corporation Director/Chairman/President 01/09/12 1/19/2017
55 DT Marks Baku LLC. New York, NY 04/10/12 1/49/2017
(e8 DT Marks Baku Managing Member Corp Director/Chairman/President 04/10/12 4119/2017
57 DT Marks Dubai LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 4/19/2017
2 DT Marks Dubai Member Corp New York, NY 1/49/2017
59 DT Marks Dubai Il LLC [New York, NY. LLC Member/President 10/30/14 11/20/2015
[60 DT Marks Dubai Il Member Cor Corporation Director/Chairman/President 10/30/14 11/20/2015 |
[64 DT Marks Gurgaon LLC | LLC Member/President 10/28/14 4/19/2017 |
62 DT Marks Gurgaon Managing Member Corp | Corporation Director/Chairman/President 10/30/14 1119/2017 _ | |
63 DT Marks Jersey City LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 40/30/14 1/19/2017
64 DT Marks Jupiter LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 08/29/14 4/19/2017 |
DT Marks Qatar LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 10/30/14 4119/2017
[66__ [DT Marks Qatar Member Corp New York, NY Corporation 10/30/14 19/2017
67 DT Marks Products International LLC New York, NY Member/President 09/13/13 4/49/2017 |
68 DT Marks Products International Member Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/Chairman/President 09/13/13 41/19/2017
69 DT Marks Pune LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 01/09/12 4/19/2017
70 DT Marks Pune Managing Member Corp New York, NY Corporation 04/09/12 4/19/2017
71 DT MARKS PUNE II LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 06/18/14 1/19/2017
72 |DT Marks Pune Il Managing Member Corp Corporation Director/Chairman/President 06/18/14 4/19/2017
DT Marks Rio LLC New York, NY LLC 03/09/12 4/49/2017
DT Marks Rio Member Corp Corporation 03/09/12 [49/2017
DT Marks Vancouver LP Partnership Partner/President 01/22/13 4/49/2017
DT Marks Vancouver Manager Corp Director/Chairman/President 01/22/13 1/19/2017
DT Marks Worli LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 05/21/13 4/19/2017
78 DT Marks Worli Member Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/Chairman/President 05/21/13 4/19/2017
79 DT Tower Gurgaon LLC New York, NY LLC Member/President 03/09/15 1/19/2017
80 DT Tower Gurgaon Managing Member Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/Chairman/President 03/09/15 1/19/2017
81 DTW Venture LLC New York, NY LLC Member 03/14/14 1/19/2017
82 DTW Venture Managing Member Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/President 03/14/14 1/19/2017
83 East 61 St Company, L.P., The New York, NY Partnership Partner 12/06/96 1/19/2017
84 EID Venture | LLC New York, NY | LLC Member 05/01/13 1/19/2017
85 EID Venture | Corporation New York, NY. Corporation President/Director 05/01/13 4/19/2017
86 Excel Venture | LLC St. Martin, French West Indi LLC President/Secretary/Treasurer/Member | 07/01/13 4/19/2017
87 Excel Venture | Corp. St. Martin, French West Indi Corporation Director/Chairman/President 07/01/13 1/19/2017
88 Fifty Seven Management Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/Chairman 08/23/12 1/19/2017
89 Fifty Seventh Street Associates LLC New York, NY LLC President 11/30/95 4/19/2017
90 First Member, Inc. New York, NY. Corporation President 09/26/96 1/49/2017
91 Flights, Inc. (Formerly Trump Flights, Inc.) New York, NY Corporation President/Treasurer/Director 07/01/99 4/19/2017 |
92 Florida Properties Management LLC Palm Beach, Florida LLC Member 12/17/01 1/19/2017
Fontainbleu Apartments LLC New York, NY LLC Member 11/22/95 1/19/2017
Golf Productions LLC New York, NY. LLC Member/President 06/16/09 4/19/2017

Gaps in numerical sequence are due to the removal of previously reported items no longer reportable on this part.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010619
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032341.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon

Sent: 11/10/2016 9:57:35 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
You called it! How are you positioned re market?

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 4:54 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3914012/Troubled-woman-history-drug-use-claimed-assaulted-

Donald-Trump-Jeffrey-Epstein-sex-party-age-13-FABRICATED-story.html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032341
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028988.txt,"2 insightspod

Gather, Visualize, Analyze Public Opinion to make Intelligent Decisions

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028988
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032531.txt,"From: 
Sent: 5/8/2017 3:26:51 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
a 2 timer? 
In a message dated 5/8/2017 11:19:08 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes: 
careful she is nottrustworthy at ALLL 
On Mon, May 8, 2017 at 10:43 AM, Jonathan Farkas wrote: 
I am seeingMa little bit I don't think it will turn into romance I am a bit old and not tall enough but she seems 
intelligent and kind Somers got an appointment from Trump she is on The White House Fellowship Commison it came 
through Woody and Suzanne Johnson because she bundled best Jonathan 
Sent from my iPhone 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032531 
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026856.txt,"XI JINPING, CHINA AND THE GLOBAL ORDER:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINA’S 2018 CENTRAL
FOREIGN POLICY WORK CONFERENCE

THE HON. KEVIN RUDD
26™ PRIME MINISTER OF AUSTRALIA
PRESIDENT OF THE ASIA SOCIETY POLICY INSTITUTE, NEW YORK

AN ADDRESS TO THE LEE KUAN YEW SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

TUESDAY 26 JUNE, 2018

On 22-23 June 2018, the Chinese Communist Party concluded its Central Conference on Work
Relating to Foreign Affairs, the second since Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Party
and Chairman of the Central Military Commission in November 2012. The last one was held in
November 2014. These are not everyday affairs in the party’s deliberations on the great
questions of China’s unfolding global engagement.

These conferences are major, authoritative gatherings of the entire leadership, designed to
synthesise China’s official analysis of international trends, and assess how China should
anticipate and respond to them in the prosecution of its own national interests. This one, like
the last one, was presided over by Xi Jinping and attended by all seven members of the
politburo standing committee, plus ex-officio member Vice President Wang Qishan, together
with all other eighteen members of the regular politburo, in addition to everybody who is
anybody in the entire Chinese foreign, security, military, economic, trade, finance, cyber and
intelligence community, as well as the central think tank community.

It’s a meeting that’s meant to be noticed by the entire Chinese international policy
establishment, because if there is to be any new directive concerning China’s place in the
world, it’s likely to be found somewhere in Xi Jinping’s 3,000 character report to this
conference.

Of course, the entire deliberations of the conference are not made public. Three-and-a-half
years ago, only a selected part of it was broadcast and reported in the central media. The
same this time as well. And unlike in Washington, the Chinese system doesn't leak every
twelve hours. There is, therefore, an often hazardous reading of the tea leaves in interpreting
what it all means, discerning what is new, what is new-ish, and what is not.

WHAT IS NEW?

How does the 2018 Work Conference compare with the one in 2014? The 2014 iteration
represented the formal, official funeral of Deng Xiaoping’s international policy dictum of the

1 of 10

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026856
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022782.txt,"Le ceeceeceeceeceeee ect eee eee eee e cette eee H ett tenet eneeneeneeneeneeneeneeneeneecreneerenreeel

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022782
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025916.txt,">> Hillary: ""Using the Clinton Foundation as a cover for tax evasion, hiring cronies, and taking bribes from
foreign countries?

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

bie

>> Hillary: ""You mean the drones being operated in our own country without The Benefit of the law?""
>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

>>

>> Hillary: ""Giving 123 Technologies $300 Million, and right afterward it Declared Bankruptcy and was sold
to the Chinese?”

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

>

>> Hillary: ""You mean arming the Muslim Brotherhood and hiring them in the White House?""
>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

Soe

>> Hillary: ""Whitewater, Watergate committee, Vince Foster, commodity Deals?""

>> Trump: ""No the other one:""

>>

>> Hillary: ""The IRS targeting conservatives?""

>> Trump: ""No the other one:""

bie

>> Hillary: ""Turning Libya into chaos?""

>> Trump: ""No the other one:""

>>

>> Hillary: ""Trashing Mubarak, one of our few Muslim friends?""

>> Trump: ""No the other one:""

bis

>> Hillary: ""Turning our backs on Israel?""

>> Trump: ""No the other one:""

>>

>> Hillary: ""The joke Iran Nuke deal? ""

>> Trump: ""No the other one:""

>

>> Hillary: ""Leaving Iraq in chaos? ""

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

So

>> Hillary: ""The DOJ spying on the press?""

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

>>

>> Hillary: ""You mean HHS Secretary Sibelius shaking down health insurance Executives?""
>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

Soe

>> Hillary: ""Giving our cronies in SOLYNDRA $500 MILLION DOLLARS and 3 Months Later they
declared bankruptcy and then the Chinese bought it?""

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

>>

>> Hillary: ""The NSA monitoring citizens! ?""

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

>

>> Hillary: ""The State Department interfering with an Inspector General Investigation on departmental sexual
misconduct?""

>> Trump: ""No, the other one.”

Soe

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025916
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031648.txt,"communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031648
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027590.txt,"GUID: 533B99EC-5BA8-410F-A4C8-02052EDC58B6

Message:

But im not a democrat

sender:

Time: 03
Flags: 1

ITs Read:

/07/19 04:09:38 AM (573653378)
060865

Yes

Is Invitation: No

oe

GUID: ACE8008D-957E-449B-B61B-B7F35D0B1A36

Message:

How did she come after u

Time: Q3
Flags: 1

Is Read:

/07/19 04:10:01 AM (573653401)
060865

Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 683D81C6-502E-4807-A589-285FF740D4!I

Message:

Sender:

ce

EE
Ei

She can make u a household name --- and not in a positive way

Time: 03
Flags: 1

Is Read:

:jeeitunes@gmail.com
/07/19 04:10:26 AM (573653426)
085445

No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: OFF61274-4BDC-4E2C-8168-DEFF5E3503B3

Message: Ann Coulter Subject: Media Magic:
Scandal'

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/07/19 04:11:24 AM (573653484)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3DDAL1LE2-E123-45B2-BC68-EFO1E972D6C3

Message:

Sender:

Im on her team

:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/07/19 04:11:39 AM (573653499)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read:

No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: OS7E98D0-235F-4092-BF1F-D97FC1B6A3

Message:

That s why this is nuttier

How a Democrat Pedophile Became a ‘Trump

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027590
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015190.txt,"Cochran’ s speech reassured the enthusiastic audience: “In the
Simpson matter, we just did what you do every day’ —that is, defend their
clients by any means necessary and chalk up a bunch of billable hours in
the process—and he got a standing ovation.

In the afterglow of his speech, colleagues came up to Cochran to
shake his hand and get in a little banter. One well-wisher shared this joke:

“If [prosecutor] Chris Darden spent as much time trying to nail O.J.
Simpson as he did trying to nail [prosecutor] Marcia Clark, he might’ ve
won the case.” The other defense attorneys within hearing distance all
had a good laugh at that one.

Dr. Schoenfeld joined the line of lawyers waiting to have photos
taken of themselves standing alongside Cochran. When it was
Schoenfeld’ s turn, Nancy focused her camera. For this particular
occasion, Schoenfeld had stashed a hand-printed card underneath the
standard, plastic-encased ID lapel card. As in the previous poses, Cochran
and Schoenfeld put their arms around each other, although they were
looking, not at each other, but straight ahead and smiling at the camera.

Thus, Cochran didn’ t notice how, just before Nancy snapped their
picture, Schoenfeld subtly managed to pull away the ID card and reveal

the hand-printed card, which declared, in large printed letters, “OJ. DID

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015190
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016847.txt,"the long run, there is no distinction between arming ourselves and arming our enemies.”
(p. 129) The Information Age is also the Dysinformation Age.

What can we do? We need to rethink our priorities with the help of the passionate
but flawed analyses of Wiener, Weizenbaum, and the other serious critics of our
technophilia. A key phrase, it seems to me, is Wiener’s almost offhand observation,
above, that “these machines” are “helpless by themselves.” As I have been arguing
recently, we’re making tools, not colleagues, and the great danger is not appreciating the
difference, which we should strive to accentuate, marking and defending it with political
and legal innovations.

Perhaps the best way to see what is being missed 1s to note that Alan Turing
himself suffered an entirely understandable failure of imagination in his formulation of
the famous Turing Test. As everyone knows, it is an adaptation of his “imitation game,”
in which a man, hidden from view and communicating verbally with a judge, tries to
convince the judge that he is in fact a woman, while a woman, also hidden and
communicating with the judge, tries to convince the judge that she is the woman. Turing
reasoned that this would be a demanding challenge for a man (or for a woman pretending
to be a man), exploiting a wealth of knowledge about how the other sex thinks and acts,
what they tend to favor or ignore. Surely (ding!)?, any man who could beat a woman at
being perceived to be a woman would be an intelligent agent. What Turing did not
foresee is the power of deep-learning AI to acquire this wealth of information in an
exploitable form without having to understand it. Turing imagined an astute and
imaginative (and hence conscious) agent who cunningly designed his responses based on
his detailed “theory” of what women are likely to do and say. Top-down intelligent
design, in short. He certainly didn’t think that a man, winning the imitation game, would
somehow become a woman; he imagined that there would still be a man’s consciousness
guiding the show. The hidden premise in Turing’s almost-argument was: Only a
conscious, intelligent agent could devise and control a winning strategy in the imitation
game. And so it was persuasive to Turing (and others, including me, still a stalwart
defender of the Turing Test) to argue that a “computing machine” that could pass as
human in a contest with a human might not be conscious in just the way a human being
is, but would nevertheless have to be a conscious agent of some kind. I think this is still a
defensible position—the only defensible position—but you have to understand how
resourceful and ingenious a judge would have to be to expose the shallowness of the
facade that a deep-learning AI (a tool, not a colleague) could present.

What Turing didn’t foresee is the uncanny ability of superfast computers to sift
mindlessly through Big Data, of which the Internet provides an inexhaustible supply,
finding probabilistic patterns in human activity that could be used to pop “authentic’-
seeming responses into the output for almost any probe a judge would think to offer.
Wiener also underestimates this possibility, seeing the tell-tale weakness of a machine in
not being able to

take into account the vast range of probability that characterizes the human
situation. (p.181)

° The surely alarm (the habit of having a bell ring in your head whenever you see the word in an argument)
is described and defended by me in Jntuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking (2013).

44

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016847
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031890.txt,"15

If the desire of our realists to conduct foreign policy with foreign
despots as if unprincipled cooperation with the bad guys could build
a stable world is unrealistic, the idealism of our enthusiasts that every
new foreign revolution will bring a millennium of democratic peace
is absurd.

American foreign policy cannot expect that revolutions in foreign
countries will rescue us from the painful dilemmas our foreign policy
often confronts. Revolution is not the deus ex machina that will make
the world peaceful; it is a tsunami that sweeps everything before it,
and often leaves the world messier and more dangerous.

Modern history teaches two great lessons about revolution: that
revolutions are inevitable, and that a large majority of revolutions
either fail or go bad. Americans almost instinctively look at
revolutions in terms of our own past: the 1688 Glorious Revolution
that made Parliament more powerful than the King in England, and
the American Revolution that led in relatively short order to the
establishment of a stable and constitutional government.

Most revolutions don’t work like this at all. Many of them fail, with
the old despots crushing dissent or making only cosmetic changes to
the old system. (This happened in Austria in 1848 and something
very like it may be happening in Egypt today.) Others move into
radicalism, terror and mob rule before a new despot comes along to
bring order — at least until the next futile and bloody revolutionary
spasm. That was France’s history for almost 100 years after the
storming of the Bastille. China, Russia and Iran all saw revolutions
like this in the 20th century.

The revolutions that ‘work’ are the exceptions, not the rule. The
peaceful revolutions in the Central European countries as Soviet
power melted in 1989-1990 are a unique exception to the rule that
most revolutions either turn nasty or fail. When many American

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031890
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017581.txt,"From: es

Sent: 11/28/2012 5:28:55 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re: Invite to Dialog 2014 (16 months away)

Importance: — High

So let me understand. You are suggesting tourism?
Sent from my Verizon Wireless BlackBerry

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2012 11:28:51 -0500

To: Lisa Randa] | aes
Subject: Re: Invite to Dialog 2014 (16 months away)

sundance is nice ,, go

On Wed, Nov 28, 2012 at 11:17 AM, Lisa Randall i wrote:

Is this worthwhile?

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Invite to Dialog 2014 (16 months away)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2012 08:05:58 -0800

From: Auren Hoffman <§ >
To: <ai>

Dear Fouad,
Dear Lisa —
You are invited to join us at Dialog 2014 -- a two-day bipartisan retreat discussing how to change the world.

There will be no speeches ... just many moderated break-out discussions of 6-15 people on various topics. And
we design the agenda around your ideas and needs.

Please let us know if you would like to join us,

/- Peter Thiel and Auren Hoffman/

p.s. and yes, we know Dialog 2014 is 16 months away, but we are giving you a chance to sign up now
*DETAILS*:

You’re invited to join us at the Dialog Retreat ... 150 people to change the world ... a participatory and
entrepreneurial conversation on changing the world.

The *Dialog//*participants aren’t modest. We want to change the world.

But we don’t want to spend our time being in a large audience listening to winded speeches. There are no
speakers. No panels. All attendees participate in break-out facilitated discussions. And we *limit the discussion

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017581
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028778.txt,"States must get in front of this negative trend before spreads across Africa and it is too late. The U.S. should
call for President Sall to honor the request of the UN Working Group and release his political rival Mr. Wade
and also keep his pledge of a 5 year presidential mandate. President Obama has said that Africa is more
important than ever to security and prosperity in the U.S. We have worked very hard in implementing and
prioritizing democracy and democratic succession in Africa. The Obama administration must not let our hard
work be compromised in Senegal, we have worked too hard and come too far.

<image001 .gif>
Vinoda Basnayake

Of Counsel and Chair of DC Government Relations

Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP

101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20001

Tel:

Fax:

www.nelsonmullins.com
(View Bio)

From: elisabeth feliho [mailto

Sent: Tuesday, February 23, 2016 5:20 AM

To: Vinoda Basnayake; Bob Crowe

Cc: Cheikh Tidiane Sy; Mohamed Seydou Diagne; El Hadji Amadou Sall
Subject: Revised letter. Arbitrary detention of Mr. Wade

Dear Vinoda and Bob,

Please see attached the last version of the revised draft letter. We have made some modifications and amendments
we submit to your proposal. You can finalize the letter as it suits you. We strongly recommend to wait Wednesday
or Tuesday this week before sending the letter as Amnesty International will issue on Wednesday 24"" February
its worldwide report on human right situation. It is highly probable that major statement will be made on Mr.
Wade case in the report on Senegal, which will give us more input for the letter.

Many thanks and best regards.

EF
Confidentiality Notice

This message is intended exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. This communication
may contain information that is proprietary, privileged, confidential or otherwise legally exempt from
disclosure.

If you are not the named addressee, you are not authorized to read, print, retain, copy or disseminate this
message or any part of it. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately either
by phone (800-237-2000) or reply to this e-mail and delete all copies of this message.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028778
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030137.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030137
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028921.txt,"Date: Friday, January 2 2015 11:14 PM 
Subject: truly outrageous S.i am so sorry for you & alan-
From: Lilly Ann Sanchez 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com; 
8EE9569C-058C-4240-9513-7655E297E217[9].png; 5C1BBOAB-366E-4484-A53B-A8165C8B536B.png; 
Attachments: 76138C22-EB95-4CF5-AADA-CB3D461BC4EE.png; FD41701B-1ACA-4262-B3E8-EB553F5705B2.png; 
DCE5E2CF-48F1-42F4-A922-833477C1EB2F.png 
Jeffrey - 
Please let me know if I can help in any way-
Story below-
Salacious new chapter in Florida billionaire's sex scandal 
effrey Epstein 
or years, the story of South Florida billionairemoney manager Jeffrey Epstein— involving allegations of human trafficking, an international underage sex ring, a Palm Beach 
ansion, a private island inthe Caribbean, and an FBI investigation— has been tabloid fodder inthe United States and the United Kingdom. 
o, Fort Lauderdale lawyer Brad Edwards is helping to write a new chapter inthis murky and sordid tale. Representing two alleged victims identified only as Jane Doe#3 and Jane 
oe #4, Edwards filed a motion in U.S. District Court in West Palm Beach that alleges well-known criminal defense lawyer Alan Dershowitz and Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, 
ere involved in Epstein's international sex ring. 
'There's absolutelyno kemel of truth to this story,"" said Dershowitz, who represented Epstein. ""I don't know this woman. I've never been inthe same place with her. She's made up 
he whole story completely from whole cloth."" 
dwards' motionrequests that his new clients jointhe case of two other alleged victims — identified as Jane Doe #1 and Jane Doe#2 in courtrecords — who are attempting to use the 
me Victims' Rights Act to force the U.S. Department of Justice to prosecute Epstein for sex trafficking of children by fraud and use of interstate commerce to entice a minor to 
ommit prostitution, among other offenses. 
wealthy Wall Streetmoney manager who had once attempted to purchase New York magazine, Epstein traveled the world in circles that included President Bill Clinton and 
usinessman Donald Trump. Despite his vast fortune and mansion in PalmBeach, Epstein kept a low profile and wasn't a regular inthe wealthy island's social scene. 
he low profile vanished in 2005, when a woman contacted the Palm Beach police fearing that Epstein had molestedher 14-year-old daughter. The girl told detectives she'd been 
nvited to Epstein's mansion, where she was paid $300 after stripping to her underwear and massaging Epstein as he masturbated. Police then located a community college student 
who gave a sworn statement that she had taken six girls, all betweenthe ages of 14 and 16, to Epstein. 
olice referred the case to the FBI. In September 2007, Dershowitz helped Epstein negotiate a then-secret non-prosecu on agreement with the U.S. Attorney's Office, which deferred 
o the Palm Beach County State Attorney's Office for criminal charges, courtrecords show. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 028921 
LINKEDIN 
http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami- dadeiarticle5342709.html Page 1 of 3 
Salacious new chapter n Florida billionaire's sex scandal I The Miami Herald 1/2/15 6:11 PM 
In 2008, Epstein pleaded guilty to a state charge of solicitingprostitution with a minor and served 13 months of an 18-month sentence. 
After his conviction, Epstein's story grew even more bizarre, with anonymous women accusinghim in federal court of conspiring with Ghislaine Maxwell, daughter of the late British 
mediabaron Robert Maxwell, to operate an international underage sex ring. 
Edwards, the Fort Lauderdale lawyer, and Paul Cassell, a former federal judge who now teaches law at the University of Utah, filed a Jane Doe lawsuit against the U.S. government in 
July 2008, alleging that Epstein had committed crimes against their clients, including sex trafficking of children by fraud. 
The case, whichhas been pending for more than sixyears before U.S. District JudgeKenneth A. Marra, initially involved two women, identified as Jane Doe#1 and Jane Doe #2, who 
said they were sexually abused by Epstein and trafficked as minors. 
On Dec.30, 2014, Edwards asked to have two new accusers added to the case —identified as Jane Doe #3 and Jane Doe #4. 
Jane Doe#3 alleges inthe court filing that Maxwell and Epstein kept her as a ""sex slave"" from 1999 through20002, when she escaped to an unspecified foreign country. 
Epstein forced Jane Doe#3, who was then a minor, to have sex with politically connected and wealthy people , the court filing alleges. 
""Epstein's purpose in 'lending' Jane Doe [along with otheryoung girls] to such powerful people [was] to ingratiate himself with them for business, personal, political and financial 
gain, as well as to obtain blackmail information,"" the filing alleges. 
Jane Doe#3 identifies one of the men she was forced to have sex with as Dershowitz, a former Harvard lawprofessorandhigh- profile criminal defense lawyer. 
""Dershowitz was an eye-witnesstothe sexual abuse of many other minors by Epstein and several of Epste n's co-conspirators ,"" the filing alleges. 
Dershowitz denied the claims, describing them as part of an extortionplot. He called the filing ""the sleaziest legal document I have ever seen."" 
""They manipulated a young, suggestible woman who was interested inmoney,"" Dershowitz said. 
Dershowitz said he intends to file complaints against Edwards and Cassell. ""This is a disbarrable offense, and they will be disbarred,"" Dershowitz said. ""They will rue the day they ever 
made this false charge againstme."" 
Knowingly making defamatory statements in courtrecords can be grounds for disbarment. Jack Thompson, a Miami lawyer who campaigned against violent video games and the 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 028922 
group 2 Live Crew, was disbarred forprofess onal misconduct that included making defamatory statements. 
""We're not comment ngon the story beyond our legal pleading,"" Cassel said. 
In the most recent court filing, Jane Doe #3 alleges that Epstein forced her to have sex with ""many otherpowerful men, including numerous prominent American politicians, powerful 
business executives, foreign presidents, a well-known prime minister, and otherworld leaders."" 
The filing names Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, as one of those world leaders. 
The Florida Center for Investigative Reporting is a nonprofit news organization supported by foundations and individual contributions. For more information, visit fcirorg. 
Palace Denies Allegations About Prince Andrew in U.S. Underage Sex Lawsuit 
Lilly Ann Sanchez, Esq. 
LS LAW FIRM 
Four Seasons Tower —Suite 1200 
1441 Brickell Avenue 
Miami, Florida 33131 
tel: 
fax: 
email: 
website: http://www.thelslawfirm.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 028923 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032369.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon

Sent: 11/14/2016 2:51:53 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Trump

Importance: — High

Any further intel on Treasury? Priebus choice suggests to me that he may go for a bigger name in
treasury than Mnuchin. Someone to underscore/push forward this notion that he is Reagan 2.0 (as
some are suggesting). I am just not sure who that person would be. The Trump trade certainly seems
to have legs -- all the Hillary loving hedgies I am talking to are congratulating themselves for making
so much money last week. They are all Trump lovers now!

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032369
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010631.txt,"Filer's Name Page Number
Donald J. Trump 15 of 51

Part 2: Filer's Employment Assets and Income

attached schedule Income Type Income Amount
(Part 2 - EXHIBIT A)
Reference #

DJT AEROSPACE LLC $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 None (or less than $201)
Underlying Assets: aircraft

Location: New York, NY

See attached schedule

DJT HOLDINGS LLC $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 $15,001 - $50,000
Value reported reflects bank account only. Entity's other holdings and

assets are reported elsewhere; see attached schedule. Holding company,

New York, NY

DJT OPERATIONS | LLC ( Over $50,000,000 $1,000,001 - $5,000,000
Underlying Assets: aircraft

Location: New York, NY

See attached schedule

DT CONNECT II LLC $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 None (or less than $201)
Underlying Assets: aircraft

Location: Palm Beach, FL

See attached schedule

DT DUBAI GOLF MANAGER LLC $1,001 - $15,000
Value reported reflects bank account holding only.

Additional Underlying Asset: management deal with DAMAC CRESCENT

PROPERTIES LLC - value not readily ascertainable

DT HOME MARKS INTERNATIONAL LLC $1,001 - $15,000 $100,001 - $1,000,000
Value reported reflects bank account holding only.

Additional Underlying Asset: license deal with RNA RESOURCES

GROUP LTD, DORYA INTERNATIONAL LLC, HOMESTUDIO

INTERNATIONAL SA, WONU CO LTD - value not readily

ascertainable.

License holder, New York, NY; See attached schedule.

Excel Venture | LLC $25,000,001 - $50,000,000 $100,001 - $1,000,000
Underlying Assets: residential rental property

Location: St. Martin, French West Indies

See attached schedule

Fifty-Seventh Street Associates LLC Over $50,000,000 Over $5,000,000
Underlying Assets: commercial real estate

Location: New York, NY

See attached schedule

THE ACCOMPANYING SCHEDULE (PART 2- EXHIBIT A) IS AN INTEGRALPART OF THE ABOVE AND SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH. Gapsin numerical
sequence are due to the removal of previously reported items no longer reportable on this part. Information being reported is as of April15, 2017.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010631
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013180.txt,"264 13 Local, Global and Glocal Knowledge Representation

does imply constraints on how knowledge representation in the brain may work, but these are
relatively loose constraints. These constraints do imply that, for instance, the brain is neither a
relational database (in which information is stored in a wholly localized manner) nor a collection
of “grandmother neurons” that respond individually to high-level percepts or concepts; nor a
simple Hopfield type neural net (in which all memories are attractors globally distributed across
the whole network). But they don’t tell us nearly enough to, for instance, create a formal neural
net model that can confidently be said to represent knowledge in the manner of the human brain.

As a first example of the current state of knowledge, we’ll discuss here a series of papers
regarding the neural representation of visual stimuli [QaGKKF05, QKIKF 08], which deal with
the fascinating discovery of a subset of neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) that are
selectively activated by strikingly different pictures of given individuals, landmarks or objects,
and in some cases even by letter strings. For instance, in their 2005 paper titled ""Tnvariant visual
representation by single neurons in the human brain”, it is noted that

in one case, a unit responded only to three completely different images of the ex-president Bill Clinton.
Another unit (from a different patient) responded only to images of The Beatles, another one to cartoons
from The Simpson’s television series and another one to pictures of the basketball player Michael Jordan.

Their 2008 follow-up paper backed away from the more extreme interpretation in the title as
well as the conclusion, with the title “Sparse but not ‘Grandmother-cell’ coding in the medial
temporal lobe.” As the authors emphasize there,

Given the very sparse and abstract representation of visual information by these neurons, they could in
principle be considered as ‘grandmother cells’. However, we give several arguments that make such an
extreme interpretation unlikely.

TL neurons are situated at the juncture of transformation of percepts into constructs that can be
consciously recollected. These cells respond to percepts rather than to the detailed information falling
on the retina. Thus, their activity reflects the full transformation that visual information undergoes
hrough the ventral pathway. A crucial aspect of this transformation is the complementary development
of both selectivity and invariance. The evidence presented here, obtained from recordings of single neuron
activity in humans, suggests that a subset of MTL neurons possesses a striking invariant representation
or consciously perceived objects, responding to abstract concepts rather than more basic metric details.
This representation is sparse, in the sense that responsive neurons fire only to very few stimuli (and are
mostly silent except for their preferred stimuli), but it is far from a Grandmother-cell representation.
The fact that the MTL represents conscious abstract information in such a sparse and invariant way is

consistent with its prominent role in the consolidation of long-term semantic memories.

It’s interesting to note how inadequate the [QIK KF 08] data really is for exploring the notion
of glocal memory in the brain. Suppose it’s the case that individual visual memories corre-
spond to keys consisting of small neuronal subnetworks, and maps consisting of larger neuronal
subnetworks. Then it would be not at all surprising if neurons in the “key” network corre-
sponding to a visual concept like “Bill Clinton’s face” would be found to respond differentially
to the presentation of appropriate images. Yet, it would also be wrong to overinterpret such
data as implying that the key network somehow comprises the “representation” of Bill Clinton’s
face in the individual’s brain. In fact this key network would comprise only one aspect of said
representation.

In the glocal memory hypothesis, a visual memory like “Bill Clinton’s face” would be hypoth-
esized to correspond to an attractor spanning a significant subnetwork of the individual’s brain

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013180
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032519.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
Attachments: 
Lawrence Krauss 
3/22/2017 11:46:50 AM 
jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Re: 
DA866543-7401-4A5A-8E50-FD32E33A5OEC.png 
Importance: High 
All shoe. This is not supporting science. It is all about the size of the rocket for him. All this will do is give him 
glory and not contribute to science. 
Lawrence M. Krauss 
Director, The Origins Project at ASU 
Foundation Professor 
School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department 
Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 
Research Office: 480.965.6378 Assistant____________________________ 
Origins Office 
origins.asu.edu I twitter.comilkraussl I krauss.faculty.asu.edu 
OrigirAs, 
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Mar 22, 2017, at 5:41 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/03/21/trump-signs-nasa-bill-aimed-at-
landing-on-mars/?utm term=.64eb9bf54e09  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032519 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031660.txt,"JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031660
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012026.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012026
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022972.txt,"‘We spent five days there shadowing the staff to see how they did things,’ says Cathy.

‘A dinner party was held on the fourth night, but it was very formal and businesslike. I saw no girls —

young or otherwise — at the time. We would never have willingly put ourselves in that kind of situation.’

The following day they were flown to St Thomas and transferred by boat to Epstein’s island house, a
sprawling single-storey complex with white walls and a blue roof, maintained by several gardeners, two

boat captains, two laundry ladies and two other women who cared for the house.

Again the couple were there to observe, but after three days they were woken in the night by a phone call
telling them they had to leave the island because a VIP was making an unexpected visit. They were later

told by staff that the guest had been Prince Andrew.
They went back to New York, where Ghislaine explained more of their duties.
‘She said we had to keep quiet about what we saw or heard on the island,’ Cathy recalls.

‘She told us that although Mr Epstein and she were a couple, we would see lots of beautiful girls passing in

and out, but that was his nature.
‘She said that he gets what he wants but that she was always the “Queen Bee” and the one in charge.

‘She often described herself in this way. Although she could be very friendly, I discovered that she was also

rather arrogant.’

Miles took up his post in March 1999 and Cathy followed a month later. Miles realised the kind of lifestyle

their boss enjoyed when, on his first day, Epstein arrived with five young ladies in tow.

‘One was definitely under age, but she had a letter of consent from her parents and was under the
guardianship of a model agency,’ he says.

The Alexanders admit finding a box of sex toys in Friends in high places: Lord Mandelson has also
Epstein’s bedroom, but insist they never saw nor vacationed on Epstein's island
organised any raunchy parties for him or his guests. Cathy recalls that Prince Andrew was the first guest to

visit during their tenure.

‘The Duke came via helicopter with his bodyguard and a woman in her 30s, who said she was a brain

surgeon,’ Cathy says dryly.

‘She was tall, bleached blonde and had big boobs. They shared a room and spent most of their time on the

beach windsurfing, sailing or doing other water sports.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022972
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021832.txt,"Oo O DN OO FF WwW NY =|

NO RO PO PNP NM NO | S| S| HS SF S| S| S| S| S|
non BP WO NO -|- ODO OO WDN OO OT BP WO NYO —

MR. SCAROLA: Okay. Thank you. I had also
asked for all of the information regarding
communications with Rebecca, which I was told
that I would get today. Is that available?

MR. SCOTT: No. I told you that we would
consider if that -- I apologize. I said we will
consider that and you can put it in a request and
we will respond.

THE WITNESS: I would sure like to see that
before I answer any more questions. Is that
something you could make available?

MR. SIMPSON: I don't think that's necessary
to answer the questions I'm going to ask. I'm
not going to ask you any questions -- I won't ask
you any questions about Professor Dershowitz's
communications with this Rebecca that you've
heard about. You were in the room while he
testified, correct?

THE WITNESS: Right, but I mean there are --
there are broader subjects that extend beyond
those communications, so if you're going to ask
any questions about those broader subjects, I
would like to see the communications. That would

be helpful to me.

BY MR. SIMPSON:

ROUGH DRAFT ONLY

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021832

"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025080.txt,"The group had a chance to visit with
Bashar Masri, the Nablus-born founder and
CEO of Massar International, the
Palestinian conglomerate financing a third
of Rawabi. Massar and Qatar Diar, the real
estate investment arm of the government of
Qatar's sovereign wealth fund, jointly
created Bayti Real Estate Investment
Company -- Palestine to build and market
Rawabi. But if two-thirds of the project's
money is coming from Qatar, the vision
behind Rawabi is Masri's.

Massar owns a private equity fund that
invests in Palestinian agriculture and
natural gas distribution. It runs travel
agencies in Jordan and brokerage firms in
Serbia. Massar invests in Harvest Export,
which sells Palestinian produce to
consumers in Russia and Western Europe --
as well as in Israel. Two years ago, Masri
made headlines when he attempted to
purchase a bankrupt Jewish housing
development in East Jerusalem. He helped
create an online trading and brokerage
platform for Palestine's stock exchange.

Masri has lived outside of Palestine for
periods of his life, and is, by all accounts,
largely untainted by connections to the
PA's notoriously rent-seeking inner circle.
He's a trim middle-aged man, smartly-
dressed, friendly and approachable. There
seemed no more appropriate a place to talk
to him one-on-one than on a wide terrace
overlooking the construction site, with

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025080
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031106.txt,"From: COLON, Olivier iii

Sent: 10/19/2013 11:21:35 AM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com
Subject: Re:

How come you're always right?

She is not awful looking though. Her father is Samuel and she worked with the spokesman of Clinton at the White
House. She lives in Paris now. 40ish.
She teaches at University and also works at Huffington Post. Very much in the middle of US - France relations.

Found out that Castelbajac has his showroom next door to my new apartment. Have already seen some models come
and go - to your liking | think

De : Jeffrey Epstein [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com]
Envoyé : Saturday, October 19, 2013 12:24 PM

A: COLOM, Olivier

Objet : Re:

no, I assume she she clever not cute

2013/10/19 COLOM, Olivier <a

Do you know Leah Pisar?

De : COLOM, Olivier
Envoyé : Friday, October 18, 2013 10:19 PM

A: ‘jeevacation@gmail.com' <jeevacation@qmail.com>
Objet : Re:

Have you got an idea for me? :)

We had fun with Ariane this week. She talked everyday about you and the advice you gave her last Sunday by the way.
And her mum likes you as well

De : COLOM, Olivier
Envoyé : Friday, October 18, 2013 06:41 PM

A: ‘jeevacation@gmail.com' <jeevacation@qmail.com>
Objet : Re:

Have to do some stuff, like more ""political"", but might go to Ethiopia instead of NY early November

De : COLOM, Olivier
Envoyé : Friday, October 18, 2013 04:44 PM

A: ‘jeevacation@gmail.com' <jeevacation@qmail.com>

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031106
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031776.txt,"﻿EXTORTION – AVANATTI


How Avenatti May Have Crossed The Line Into Extortion





By Andrew Strickler 


Share us on: By Andrew Strickler 


Law360 (March 26, 2019, 9:52 PM EDT) -- A day after being accused of trying to extort Nike, attorney and President Donald Trump antagonist Michael Avenatti was on the offensive Tuesday with allegations of corruption on the part of the company, but those counterpunches likely won't help him dodge federal charges that he went beyond hardball advocacy.

According to prosecutors, Avenatti pressed Nike to pay him millions of dollars as an ""internal investigator"" in addition to the much smaller figure he demanded from the sports gear giant for his youth basketball coach client.

The lack of nexus between his client's alleged injury at Nike's hands and Avenatti's demand for eight-figure fees as an investigator puts the allegations well beyond the realm of aggressive posturing and into the parameters of federal extortion statutes, said criminal defense attorney Jeremy Saland of Crotty Saland PC.

""Being a blowhard is not illegal, but whether what he's claiming Nike did is fact or fiction doesn't justify trying to enrich himself with a job that doesn't help remedy a wrong suffered by a client,"" Saland said.

On Monday, federal officials in New York arrested Avenatti, charging the pugnacious Los Angeles lawyer with threatening Nike with a stock-price-sinking press conference about recruitment misconduct if it didn't pay up.

Avenatti, who purported to be representing the coach of a youth basketball team once sponsored by Nike, demanded $1.5 million for the client, who had recently seen Nike drop its support, according to the charges. Separately, Avenatti and another attorney — an unnamed co-conspirator since identified as celebrity defense attorney Mark Geragos — also demanded Nike hire them to conduct an ""internal investigation"" related to amateur player recruiting.

The cost: at least $12 million and as much as $25 million. Prosecutors said Avenatti was also recorded at a March 21 meeting with Nike lawyers at Boies Schiller Flexner LLP offering to end the entire matter, with no bad publicity for Nike, for $22.5 million.

If the company didn't agree, Avenatti threatened an immediate press conference amid the NCAA basketball tournament about Nike making payments to youth players and their families, prosecutors said, an event he promised would snowball into more bad press and people coming forward with claims of recruiting malfeasance.

In a recorded phone call, Avenatti told Nike attorneys that if the company tried to negotiate a cap on the investigation fees, he would go public and ""take a billion dollars off your client's market cap,"" according to the complaint. At a March 21 meeting in New York, Avenatti allegedly continued to wield threats and press for the investigator role, at one point asking Nike attorneys if they'd ever had ""the balls of a client in [their] hands.""

""Michael Avenatti may be the best lawyer in the world, according to Michael Avenatti, but there are appropriate courses of conduct to address an alleged wrongdoing, and I don't see how a demand of, 'Give me a job and pay me $12 million,' is ever going to make the client whole,"" Saland said.

Adam Felsenstein, a white collar defense specialist at Gallet Dreyer & Berkey LLP, called the prosecutor's narrative ""very extortive,"" particularly on the allegation regarding Avenatti's demand to be hired directly by the company. If that element of the charges is well-founded, it would effectively leave Avenatti without a ""cloak of legitimacy"" that he was acting solely to resolve a dispute on behalf of his client.

The complaint ""doesn't even refer to anticipated litigation. It's just, 'I'm going to reveal embarrassing information unless you pay me.' And once you start asking for money for yourself like that, you trend into extortion,"" Felsenstein said.

Barry Temkin of Mound Cotton Wollan & Greengrass LLP similarly characterized the alleged scheme as ""brazen,"" and voiced doubt Avenatti would be able to argue that he could pressure Nike to hire him as an investigator and stay within the legal lines.

""He's going to them with a demand that they hire him even as he's threatening them with this press conference, which is screwed up on a lot of levels,"" he said. ""It's ambulance chasing, which is unethical. It's a conflict of interest, and who would want to hire someone to do an internal investigation who is also shaking them down?""

Avenatti was arrested Monday just after he announced via Twitter an impending press conference about a ""major high school/college basketball scandal"" and criminal conduct ""at the highest levels of Nike.""

In an unrelated action, federal officials in California charged Avenatti on Monday with defrauding a client out of a $1.6 million settlement and lying to a Mississippi bank to secure loans for his firm and a coffee business.

Avenatti was released in New York later in the day after posting a $300,000 bond. He is due in court on the California case on Monday. He did not respond to multiple requests for comment Tuesday. A message seeking comment from Geragos was also not returned.

Avenatti shot to national prominence last year representing Stormy Daniels, the porn actress who took $130,000 from Trump lawyer Michael Cohen to stay quiet about her affair with the future president and then sued to void the deal.

The brash lawyer seemed to relish needling Trump and others on countless cable news appearances and on Twitter. He also faced mounting legal troubles in the form of a $10 million judgment stemming from the breakup of his old firm, Eagan Avenatti LLP, and accusations from former partners that he hid millions in assets. Avenatti also split with Daniels in recent weeks.

Daniels said Monday she was ""saddened but not shocked"" by news of Avenatti's arrest, and that he had dealt with her ""extremely dishonestly.""

Despite the recent setbacks, Avenatti was back on Twitter less than 24 hours after his arrest, saying Nike had made payments to the mother of Phoenix Suns player DeAndre Ayton while he was a college player and to University of Oregon center Bol Bol.

""A lot of people at Nike will have to account for their criminal conduct, starting with Carlton DeBose & moving higher up. The diversion charade they orchestrated against me will be exposed,"" he tweeted. DeBose is the head of Nike's youth basketball division.

A Nike spokesperson on Tuesday referred to a company statement that it has been cooperating with a government investigation into NCAA basketball for more than a year, and would not ""be extorted or hide information"" relevant to that probe.

The case is U.S. v. Avenatti, case number 19-mj-2927, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. 








"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015806.txt,"You can see just how intensively the brain works on a given problem,
throwing away all unnecessary information.

The brain contains mirror neurons, a type of brain cell that
responds when we see another human do something. These neurons
fire as if we were performing the action ourselves even though we are
merely witnessing it. It is one of the ways we learn a skill. If] watch Tiger
Woods's golf swing, my mirror neurons will fire as if I were practicing
his swing. Later when I practice the swing for real, my neurons will have
already been partially programmed. This effect is presumably the reason
we enjoy watching sports; our mirror neurons allow us to begin acquiring
a skill while sitting in an armchair! This is clearly a useful evolutionary
trait but you do also need to practice for real!

Mirror neurons also fire in response to witnessing emotions. When
we see an actor laugh or cry, we experience their emotion as if for real.
This helps us empathize with the person we are watching and is part of
the reason we enjoy movies and plays.

~ Output

Neural Network

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015806
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029300.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029300
"
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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014189
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030808.txt,"﻿July 11, 2011
Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)
Here’s what our U.S. Balanced portfolio looks like right now 1 .
This week’s note reviews some of the factors that affect these
allocations: healthy private sector profits, problems left
over from the recession, and interventions by the world’s
legislatures, treasuries, central banks and multilateral
agencies. This latter group reminds me of the ancient Greek
Gods: they are very powerful, but sometimes flawed, as their
interventions in the world did not always work as planned.
We are getting closer to the Twilight of the Gods, a time when
they are either running out of ammunition, or the ability to use
it without causing even more problems. If so, the private
sector will have to recover on its own. The consequence of
these cross-currents: we invest in equities, but hold 10%-15%
less than what we normally would at this point of the business
cycle, and are positioning for a single-digit year on equities.
High Yield,
Leveraged
Loans,
Structured
Credit, 10%
Emerging
Market FX, 5%
Core Bonds,
8%
Inflation, 2% Cash, 3%
Public equity,
36%
JPM US
Balanced
Model Portfolio
Diversified
Hedge Funds,
Private equity,
6%
5%
Real Estate,
Single Strategy
3% Hard Assets,
Hedge Funds,
4%
18%
Source: J.P. Morgan Private Bank, as of July 2011.
These portfolios may not be suitable for all investors & are shown for
illustrative purposes only
PROFITS
The primary (and perhaps sole) justification for carrying the levels of risk shown above relates to corporate profits. As
shown below, profit margins have reached levels not seen in decades. The challenge, which we have discussed many times
before: what is driving these margins 2 ? One useful way to deconstruct profits is to measure them from peak to peak, and
analyze what changed. As shown in the first chart, S&P 500 profit margins increased by ~1.3% from 2000 to 2007. There are a
lot of moving parts in the margin equation, but as shown in the second chart, reductions in wages and benefits explain the
majority of the net improvement in margins. This trend has continued; as we have shown several times over the last two
years, US labor compensation is now at a 50-year low relative to both company sales and US GDP (see EoTM April 26, 2011).
S&P 500 pre-tax margins
Excluding financials, large-cap proxy used before1976
16%
15%
14%
1.3% increase
13%
12%
11%
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: Corporate reports, Empirical Research Partners. Past performance
is not indicative of future results.
Labor cost reductions driving the margin expansion
Peak to peak change in margins, 2000-2007, S&P 500 constituents
1.4%
1.2%
1.0%
0.8%
0.6%
0.4%
0.2%
0.0%
Reduction in wages and
benefits as a percentage
of revenue
Source: Standard & Poor's, Empirical Research Partners.
Total increase in
pre-tax margins
Last week’s train wreck of a labor report included the dour news that labor compensation is now firmly negative in real
terms. Why is US labor compensation so low? The lingering excess labor supply from the recession is one reason, but the 2
billion people in Asia joining the global labor force over the last two decades is another. As shown on next page, EM wages for
production workers remain well below US levels 3 . Another factor helping profit margins: increased US imports of intermediate
goods from Asia. As shown in the accompanying chart, imports from Asia have been rising, and over the same time frame,
Asian import prices only increased at around 1% per year.
1 We use these portfolios to manage assets for clients who give us discretion over their funds, and to provide recommendations to those who
don’t. This is one of several model portfolios we manage globally. They differ by jurisdiction, risk tolerance, tax treatment, eligibility to
purchase vehicles designated for qualified purchasers, and other factors.
2 Empirical Research Partners does more work on corporate profits than anyone else we’ve seen. This section draws on research that Mike
Goldstein at Empirical shared with us at a recent investment committee meeting.
3 A recent study from Boston Consulting Group maintains that the gap between China and the US will close in 5 years. BCG believes that
with Chinese wages growing at 15%-20% per year, US wages growing at 3% per year, higher productivity in the US and rising shipping and
inventory costs, the China advantage will disappear within the decade. Some of these assumptions seem aggressive to apply in perpetuity.
1
July 11, 2011
Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)
Hourly compensation for production workers
Share of US rate, 2005 vs. 2011
30%
25%
2005
2011E
Share of US imports of intermediate goods from China,
Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, percent
14%
12%
To summarize, we expect today’s margins to last a while longer, since relative costs won’t converge overnight. But we are not
inclined to pay a high multiple for them, given their reliance on weak labor compensation, which in turn requires large
government transfers. The good news: markets are not applying high multiples right now, which is why we own the equities
we do. However, questions about the large but shrinking public sector toolkit knock 10%-15% off of our equity
allocations, compared to where we would normally expect to be 2 years after a recession. We walk through 4 instances
of this below, as it relates to US fiscal policy, oil prices, Chinese inflation and the European periphery.
Twilight of the Gods, part 1: Limited room for fiscal policy to invigorate the US recovery
Here’s what we know for sure about the US Federal debt ceiling debate:
�
�
�
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Taiwan Mexico China Philippines
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Empirical Research Partners.
The government is facing the unappealing task of having to increase the Federal debt ceiling above 100% of GDP for the
first time since the end of WWII, and only the second time since the debt ceiling was established in 1917
The government has already run out of money from traditional sources. As shown below, since May 16, 2011, the US
Treasury has been raiding the cash, securities and borrowing capacity of government employee retirement and other funds.
Of $270 billion of such balances which existed in May, around 75% has already been used up. There’s not much leeway
left, which is why the government will probably run out of money some time in August.
The debate about the existing Federal debt is the lesser of two problems. As shown on the following page, the present value
of unfunded entitlement obligations (e.g., future debt) dwarfs the existing debt. That’s why there’s so much talk about a
deal to stabilize the long term trajectory of the budget deficit.
The rest is all speculation. The table on the next page shows the revenue and spending factors in play. It’s too early to know
what kind of deal will be crafted. We believe that the deal with be composed of 80% spending cuts and 20% revenue/tax
increases (rather than 50-50), and will be closer to $2 trillion than $4 trillion. While it’s possible that another dose of fiscal
stimulus will be built into the debt ceiling agreement, it might not be that large, and its impact could easily be offset by a
subdued consumer response due to expectations of higher taxes in the long run (e.g., Ricardian equivalence).
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2000 2007 2010
Source: UN Comtrade, Empirical Research Partners.
Statutory debt limit and debt subject to limit
Trillions of gross debt, USD
18
Gross debt/GDP
16
14
12
10
68%
Debt limit
69%
Proposed increase
99%
86%
78%
73%
Debt
87%
109%
8
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: US Department of the Treasury, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, J.P.
Morgan Private Bank.
US Treasury: raiding the cookie jar
Billions, USD
300
250
200
150
100
50
Cash,securities
& borrowing
capacity of gov't
employee
retirement and
other funds
(as of May 16)
How much is left
(as of July 8)
0
Source: Stone & McCarthy. Gov't funds include G-Fund, Exchange
Stabilization Fund and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.
2
July 11, 2011
Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)
The existing Federal debt is the lesser of 2 problems
Trillions, USD
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Present value of
unfunded
entitlement
obligations
10
Existing debt
0
Source: US Department of the Treasury, J.P. Morgan Private Bank.
Items on the table in discussions to reduce the deficit
Revenue raises
Spending cuts
Carried interest taxed at Discretionary spending cuts
ordinary income rates
Increased taxes on ordinary Changing formulas affecting
income, capital gains and inflation indexation for
qualified dividends
entitlements
""Bracket creep"": higher tax Defense spending cuts
brackets applying to lower
incomes more quickly
Phase-out of personal Expenditure caps
exemptions or caps on
itemized deductions
Changes to grantor retained Change in entitlement
annuity trust required terms eligibility requirements
Twilight of the Gods, part 2: Can releases of strategic oil reserves keep oil prices down for more than a few weeks?
International Energy Agency member countries agreed to release strategic petroleum reserves to bring oil prices down. They
have a lot of ammunition to do so; government-controlled oil inventories are at least 1.5 billion barrels, and so far, all they have
done is authorize the release of 60 million barrels. The timeline suggests that oil markets began focusing on the release of the
SPR after the Libyan shutdown, the lack of a sufficient OPEC supply response, and weak economic data in the US. As shown
below, oil prices have been rising since the announcement of the supply increase. Are IEA members committed to doing it
again if oil prices reach their May levels?
Brent oil price and timeline of SPR release
USD/bbl
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11
Source: Bloomberg.
The problem for the IEA is that the tightness in oil markets
is not just a sudden supply shock. As shown in the bottom
chart we first published in March, there was not much slack
even before the Libyan shutdown, and oil demand is expected
to rise 1-2 mm bpd as the developed and emerging world
continue to grow. One of our colleagues used to work at the
IEA, and in a recent piece 4 , argued that the impact of the SPR
release will be limited to Q3 2011, and that upside oil price
risks to 2012 have increased. Why? The SPR release came at a
time when OPEC tanker traffic made it clear that producing
countries were having problems meeting prior pledges: “As
such, it is difficult to conclude anything except that there is
little or no spare capacity in the oil market”. If that’s the case,
future interventions may not have a lasting impact either.
A
B
C
D E F
G
[A] May 2: Advisors lay out SPR release plan to Obama
[B] May 6: Obama calls Abdullah (S.A.) and Sabah al-Ahmad (Kuw)
to discuss SPR release
[C] May 19: IEA urges OPEC to increase production or else member
nations are prepared to use “all tools” to protect global economy
[D] May 27: Former White House energy advisor predicts IEA SPR
release
[E] June 8: OPEC does not agree on production increase
[F] June 17: Obama authorizes IEA-SPR release feasibility study
[G] June 23: SPR release announced
Post-Libya OPEC spare capacity running out
Millions of barrels per day
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Pre-crisis OPEC
spare capacity
Pre-crisis ""real""
OPEC spare
capacity
Source: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC.
Post-crisis ""real""
OPEC spare
capacity
2011 additional
global demand
(estimated)
4 “Oil Market Monthly: Living with No Spare Capacity”, Lawrence Eagles, Commodities Research, JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, 7/7/ 2011
3
July 11, 2011
Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)
Twilight of the Gods part 3: Why is everyone assuming that the next Chinese tightening is the last one?
Every time China tightened monetary policy this year, most China research maintained that the tightening cycle is close to its
end. Perhaps; Premier Wen has stated that the country’s efforts to control inflation have worked, that price stability is in an
acceptable range, and that it will drop steadily from here. But last week’s headline inflation release of 6.4% hit a three year
high, and it is not clear to us that China is about to end its various inflation control policy measures.
In favor of Wen’s argument, food inflation has been a large contributor, some of which should be transitory. Blue-ear pig virus
(PRRS) killed hundreds of thousands of pigs in 2010, which affected this year’s supply (2006 was worse). As shown below,
pork prices have soared, but should come down if the supply situation normalizes. [Note: a “Strategic Pork Reserve” can be
released to mitigate price increases]. However, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization 5 , new virulent strains of
the virus have a fatality rate of 20% (even higher for piglets), and what is considered a temporary supply shock may be more
permanent. Chinese pig facilities have the highest animal densities in the world, contributing to the spread of disease to 25 of
China’s 33 provinces. Antibiotics have proven ineffective, and once one pig gets the disease, it tends to spread to the entire
herd in 7-10 days. China has vaccinated 100 million of its 500 million pigs, but existing vaccines do not prevent infection, they
only slow the rate of transmission to other pigs.
8
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: China Ministry of Commerce.
A separate issue is that China is doing a lot more to control the supply of money than the cost of money. As shown below, there
have been a lot more increases in bank reserve requirements than interest rate increases. Deposit rates are still negative in real
terms, and bank reserve requirements only affect banks, and not the shadow banking system, which is growing in China.
China reserve requirement ratio for large banks
Percent
23%
21%
19%
17%
15%
13%
11%
9%
7%
5%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: People's Bank of China.
Chinese wholesale pork price
RMB per kilogram
26
Forward-looking manufacturing surveys have declined and interbank lending rates (Shibor) have surged, so it’s clear that the
tightening steps are working. But private sector credit is still growing in China, and real estate prices are still rising. The
bottom line is that the substantial stimulus provided by Chinese and other Asian policymakers in the wake of the
recession has not yet been adequately withdrawn, and that more steps will need to be taken to do so.
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
Begining of
PRRS outbreak
China one-year deposit rate still negative in real terms
Percent, year on year
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Deposit rate
-2%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: People's Bank of China, National Bureau of Statistics.
CPI
5 “Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virulence jumps and persistent circulation in Southeast Asia”, Food and
Agriculture Organization Emergency Prevention System, Issue number 5, 2011.
4
July 11, 2011
Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)
Twilight of the Gods, part 4:
Is Europe just trying to save its banking system, or is a more comprehensive move towards Federalism underway?
I expected French proposals on a Greek debt exchange to begin to spell out the sacrifices private sector investors will have to
make as Greece spirals towards insolvency. As shown below, I was wrong about that. French proposals don’t entail any
specific commitments by banks, and are merely non-binding indications of interest by banks to roll over debt at some point in
the future as it matures. If bank rollovers of Greek debt or Greek government asset sales fall short of the mark, the EU and IMF
appear committed to providing Greece with funds to pay off maturing debt anyway. The EU taxpayer continues to foot the bill.
Binding commitments from EU banks to roll over
Greek debt as per French posposal, Euros in billions
This chart intentionally left blank since there are
no binding committments at all
Italy gross debt to GDP
Percent
120%
110%
100%
90%
80%
Little progress on debt
reduction despite 20 years of
primary budget surpluses
70%
60%
Maastricht limit
So to be clear, the Twilight of the Gods has not arrived in Europe, since the EU appears determined to spend more money
to prevent a sovereign default. I see why they are worried about contagion. The latest signs: Portugal downgraded to junk;
long-term debt of 3 French banks put on downgrade watch; and stress in European unsecured interbank markets 6 , now affecting
Italian banks which rely heavily on them. Italian bank and insurance company holdings of their own government bonds is 2x-
3x higher than the rest of the region, creating the potential for a vicious circle if something goes wrong. Italian banks are bettercapitalized
and have higher quality assets than banks in other European countries, since Italy did not experience a large boombust
in residential property, or a consumer debt binge. However, like Greece and Ireland, Italy’s debt/GDP ratio is above 100%,
and the country suffers from low growth (the lowest in the world from 2000-2010 other than Zimbabwe and Haiti, according to
the Economist). Think about this: Italy has run a primary budget surplus (i.e. ex-interest payments) every year since 1992,
but still hasn’t been able to bring its debt ratios below 100% of GDP. Italy was making progress, but the recession derailed
them, leaving Italy with the same elevated debt burden they started with 20 years ago.
I believe that eventually, the constituency of the European Monetary Union will have to change. However, my colleagues in
J.P. Morgan Securities’ economics group disagree. They believe that the EMU will survive intact, and believe that Europe is
moving towards Federalism, with this crisis as the basis for putting it in place. I have been a skeptic of this idea; how can a
region use the structural failures of its current model as an excuse for expanding it, particularly when popular support for
the European project is at such low levels 7 ? The history of Europe does show that revolutions are often imposed from above
(e.g., Peter the Great, Otto von Bismarck, Napoleon) rather than below, so anything is possible. If my colleagues are right,
losses suffered by holders of Greek, Irish and Portuguese debt may be a lot less than what’s priced in right now. I don’t have
the conviction to make that kind of call, at least not yet; geopolitical investing is a very hard thing to do. We remain cautious
on Europe; are underinvested in government debt, corporate credit and equities across the region; and expect a Greek
sovereign debt restructuring within the next 18 months (see chart from “Five Stages of Greece”, June 30, 2011 ).
Michael Cembalest
Chief Investment Officer
50%
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Source: International Monetary Fund.
6 JP Morgan’s Prime Money Market Fund is indicative of industry concerns about a liquidity squeeze. The fund holds no Greece, Portugal,
Ireland or Spain. Its Italy holdings are less than 2% of the fund, and the portfolio manager does not expect to roll them when they mature.
7 A 2010 Eurobarometer Poll showed very low readings on whether “Membership in the EU is a good thing”. More recently, the centre-left
Foundation for European Progressive Studies polled EU civil servants (a pro-EU constituency if there ever was one) and found that a
majority believe that “the European model has entered into a lasting crisis”. Only a quarter of respondents saw the EU as having evolved
positively over the last decade, or believe that the December 2009 Lisbon Treaty has had a positive effect.
5
July 11, 2011
Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)
The material contained herein is intended as a general market commentary. Opinions expressed herein are those of Michael Cembalest and may differ from those of other J.P.
Morgan employees and affiliates. This information in no way constitutes J.P. Morgan research and should not be treated as such. Further, the views expressed herein may
differ from that contained in J.P. Morgan research reports. The above summary/prices/quotes/statistics have been obtained from sources deemed to be reliable, but we do not
guarantee their accuracy or completeness, any yield referenced is indicative and subject to change. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. References to the
performance or character of our portfolios generally refer to our Balanced Model Portfolios constructed by J.P. Morgan. It is a proxy for client performance and may not
represent actual transactions or investments in client accounts. The model portfolio can be implemented across brokerage or managed accounts depending on the unique
objectives of each client and is serviced through distinct legal entities licensed for specific activities. Bank, trust and investment management services are provided by J.P.
Morgan Chase Bank, N.A, and its affiliates. Securities are offered through J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (JPMS), Member NYSE, FINRA and SIPC. Securities products
purchased or sold through JPMS are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (""FDIC""); are not deposits or other obligations of its bank or thrift affiliates
and are not guaranteed by its bank or thrift affiliates; and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal invested. Not all investment ideas referenced
are suitable for all investors. Speak with your J.P. Morgan Representative concerning your personal situation. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the
purchase or sale of any financial instrument. Private Investments may engage in leveraging and other speculative practices that may increase the risk of investment loss, can be
highly illiquid, are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuations to investors and may involve complex tax structures and delays in distributing important tax
information. Typically such investment ideas can only be offered to suitable investors through a confidential offering memorandum which fully describes all terms, conditions,
and risks.
IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its affiliates do not provide tax advice. Accordingly, any discussion of U.S. tax matters contained herein (including
any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, in connection with the promotion, marketing or recommendation by anyone unaffiliated with
JPMorgan Chase & Co. of any of the matters addressed herein or for the purpose of avoiding U.S. tax-related penalties. Note that J.P. Morgan is not a licensed insurance
provider.
© 2011 JPMorgan Chase & Co; All rights reserved
6
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011249.txt,"NBaltasa RT @VilaWeb: .@raulromeva: a€~ El #Brexit 23 Jun 2016, 26 | neutral
desmenteix que una Catalunya independent sortiria 17:12 - CEST
de la UEa€™ https://t.co/EwyA3F310b
BRESU_ RT @Daily_Express: ‘Turkish migrants to CRIPPLE the 23 Jun 2016, | UNITED 50 | neutral
NHS' #Brexit minister's stark WARNING about EU 17:12 - CEST | KINGDO
ascension https://t.co/MnHiwJPDra https:a€ | M |
FOLLOW
BACK
USA1Calling | RT @808alohadeals: So he was speeding up training 23 Jun 2016, | USA 84 | negative
on who?!? 17:12 - CEST
#Brexit @BarbMuenchen @Patriotic_Me
@dawnmariefhl
@surfermom77 @steph93065
htta€ |
24bourse #Forex: La€™#euro majoritairement en hausse, le vote | 23 Jun 2016, | France 0 | positive
sur le #Brexit domine https://t.co/brCWMg2cOs 17:29 - CEST
https://t.co/pb4moimUqK
FireCask Boozing for #brexit or bladdered for #bremain? 23 Jun 2016, | Manche O | negative
Whichever way, play the Ultimate EU Referendum 17:29 - CEST | ster, UK
Drinking Game. #EURef https://t.co/bkcP9VJ7IX
roujul RT @golub: 'Brexit' to be followed by Grexit. 23 Jun 2016, 2729 | positive
Departugal. Italeave. Fruckoff. Czechout. Oustria. 17:29 - CEST
Finish. Slovakout. Latervia. Byegium.
kraftw33rk #Brexit Brexit Brexit Ich kann's nicht mehr hA{ren! 23 Jun 2016, | Nieders 0 | negative
Lasst sie doch ziehen Mann. Die Welt dreht sich 17:29 - CEST | achsen,
weiter. Laberlaber. Macht andere Arbeit Deutsch
land
Fifankaren || voted out #VoteLeave #Brexit #EUref 23 Jun 2016, | Newcast 0 | positive
#TakeBackControl https://t.co/iM98FvrznN 17:29 - CEST | le Upon
Tyne,
England
almutmoell | RT @JJ52: #Brexit and me tonight on @dw_global 23 Jun 2016, | Berlin 2 | neutral
er until dawn, Berlin time @ecfr 17:29 - CEST
https://t.co/BCFxNA4bWt
cenmag Here's how a British exit from EU could affect the UK 23 Jun 2016, | Washing 0 | negative
chemical industry & scientists 17:29 - CEST | tonDC
https://t.co/58IVV5Ogul #Brexit
https://t.co/AQYRdOkInF
Ohitsanissa | #Voteln for the #Brexit #EURef vote with @Brndstr & | 23 Jun 2016, | S.LDN 0 | positive
unlocked my own Flag Profile pic! What will you vote? | 17:29 - CEST
Hivoted https://t.co/cOC7oaFtdo
Kisushima RT @Snowden: No matter the outcome, #Brexit polls 23 Jun 2016, | Norwich 3235 | neutral
demonstrate how quickly half of any population can 17:29 - CEST
be convinced to vote against itself. Qa€ |
NononJakuz | RT @FolkyYuno: idea: #brexit 23 Jun 2016, | Moscow 2 | neutral
ure18 17:29 - CEST | , Russia
contedelfina | How 'Brexit' would inflame populism abroad a€” and 23 Jun 2016, | Chicago, 0 | negative
here in the US https://t.co/jDW2Dngtnq 17:29 -CEST | IL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011249
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019873.txt,"From:

Sent: 1/8/2018 9:25:13 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Fwd: Fire and Fury - Michael Wolff. pdf

Attachments: Fire and Fury - Michael Wolff.pdf

Importance: — High

From:
Date: Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 2:27 PM

Subject: Fwd: Fire and Fury - Michael Wolff.pdf
(

girls, a very nice book about trump. just published. we are the first ones to read! i mean they do not sell it yet.
---------- Forwarded message ----------

From: David Willis

Date: Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 8:31 AM

Subject: Fire and Fury - Michael Wolff.pdf

To:

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019873
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029314.txt,"Ti v4 Expert Analysis

m Joint returns may be filed, usually as an
amended return with a refund claim,
until the three-year limitations period
(or the two-year payment period, if
later) expires. For individuals who filed
2009 tax returns on or before April
15, 2010, the limitations period for
that year is closed. For those who filed
their 2009 returns on an automatic six-
month extension on October 15, 2010,
however, the limitations period for the
2009 tax year remains open until Oc-
tober 15, 2013. To claim joint return
status on an amended 2009 tax return
under the three-year rule, both married
partners’ original tax returns must have
been filed within that extended period.

m ‘Taxpayers who filed protective refund
claims prior to the Supreme Court’s deci-
sion should be on the alert to any forth-
coming IRS guidelines that may facilitate
the agency's processing of those claims.

CCH Tax Briefing

m ‘Taxpayers who had a lower combined
overall tax liability filing as unmarried sin-
gle individuals during an open year appear
to be under no obligation now to file an
amended return to file jointly (or as mar-
ried filing separately if at least one partner
does not consent to a joint return).

IRS Audit Policy. Technically, the IRS, on
audit of an open year for which any previ-
ously-filed return by a married, same-sex
partner used unmarried, single-filer status,
may be able to require that tax be recom-
puted based on either a joint return, or mar-
ried filing separately status return. However,
since audits are under IRS’s discretionary
powers, the consensus among at least some
practitioners, is that IRS National Office
may —and more likely will— direct agents
to by-pass any filing-status issues unless the
taxpayer requests a change.

2013 Tax Year. For 2013 returns that will be
filed in 2014, the Supreme Court’s Windsor
decision presumably relates back to the entire
2013 tax year in determining filing status.

COMMENT. Married partners do not have
the option to file short-year returns as un-
married for the January I — June 26, 2013
period, they must file jointly or married fil-
ing separately for the entire 2013 tax year.

2012 Tax Year. Taxpayers who are on exten-
sion until October 15, 2013 for filing their
2012 tax year returns appear to be required
to file those returns either jointly or married
filing separately. Taxpayers who filed their
2012 tax year returns before June 26, 2013,
as separate, unmarried individuals, however,
may not need to change their filing status to
married filing joint if it would be less favor-
able to their overall tax liability. The IRS

may issue guidance on this issue.

@) Wolters Kluwer

CCH

©2013 CCH Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029314
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033175.txt,"From: Zubair Khan 
Sent: 10/13/2016 1:39:13 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: US Election Update 
Importance: High 
Hi Jeffrey, 
Since the start of 2nd US Presidential Election debate till now, we have processed 3.1 million tweets. 
Here is the performance of candidates: 
1. Donald Trump 11.80% (Positive), 15.66% (Neutral), 72.54% (Negative) 
2. Hillary Clinton 40.70% (Positive), 19.09% (Neutral), 40.21% (Negative) 
Winning Chances: 
1. Clinton 72% 
2. Trump 28% 
Winning chances in US States: 
1. Clinton: New York (84%), California (75%), North Carolina (64%), Florida (75%), Washington (52%), Ohio 
(96%), New Jersey (70%) 
2. Trump: Texas (66%) 
Regards, 
Zubair Khan 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033175 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019867.txt,"into orange chicken on sticks. Larry's girls come around and slip his home address onto laps.
This means you have made the cut to attend Larry's after party at his house.

lan and | head to Paul Haggis’ intimate Artist for Peace and Justice benefit dinner for 65 at the
LA club No Name where a great time set guests back $2,500 for Haiti. We arrive just in time to
hear Jeff Bridges sing a song from ""Crazy Heart"", Jack Black recall ""School of Rock "" and Rita
Wilson sing ABBA's ""Dancing Queen"". Jackson Browne is the master of ceremonies.

| end up at A24's party at the Sunset Tower for their films ""20th Century Woman"" and
""Moonlight"". Barry Jenkins wants to know if he is winning the Oscar. | chirp, ""Yes, best adapted
screenplay is all yours!"" Not the answer he was looking for. | should have said, ""Yes, you will
win best picture, make history and bring the house down."" | would have looked like a genius.

Finally, | speak to Janelle Monae, who is absolutely stunning. She also wants to know if ""Hidden
Figures"" is winning the Oscar. | assure her that her real win was at the box office.

Before passing out in my Sunset Tower suite, | email Damien Chazelle a social wrap-up on the
evening, as he is now sick as a dog, in bed with his dog and has had visiting nurses injecting
fluids into his flu-infested body all day.

He, too, asks if he is winning the Oscar. | write, ""It's not if, but how many"".
Friday, February 24

I’m a gal hell bent on making a fashion statement with every outing, who runs her business from
the back seat of a chauffeured black Cadillac with the license plate PEG-FILM. So marching or
attending a protest rally is not the likely place to find me. But when | read the United Talent
Agency's United Voice Rally was happening at their Beverly Hills headquarters--2,000 of the
creative community’s best looking turning out on a gorgeous afternoon to stand together for
freedom of speech, and against exclusion and division, it was an invitation | couldn't refuse. This
is a substitute for UTA’s traditional pre-Oscar party--and the ten percenters donated and raised
$320,000 for the American Civil Liberties Union and the International Rescue Committee. CEO
Jeremy Zimmer and clients Jodie Foster and Michael J. Fox speak passionately.

The surprise highlight is taped remarks from Iranian filmmaker Asghar Farhadi, nominated for
""The Salesman"". Farhadi made international headlines announcing he would not travel to
Hollywood in protest of President Trump's proposed travel ban on seven Muslim countries.
Some Oscar voters do not see all five nominated foreign films, so Trump assured Asghar his
Oscar.

| stop by the Women in Film cocktail party at Nightingale Plaza where Meryl Streep announces,
""| feel like never saying anything again."" We hear last year's best actress Brie Larson and
activist/documentary nominee Ava DuVernay speak. Back at the Sunset Tower, Livia and Colin
Firth host their annual dinner for 50 to celebrate The Green Carpet Challenge and The Journey
to Sustainable Luxury. Spotted: Emma Stone, Meryl Streep, Ruth Negga, Kevin Bacon, Tom
Ford, Salma Hayek, and Mick Jagger. Kyra Sedgwick arrives late from directing her first film,
""Story of a Girl,"" starring her husband Kevin Bacon. Kyra sits with Meryl over coffee and says
how exciting it is to direct. When | ask Meryl if she will join the minute ranks of female directors,
the acting icon says, ""Never. My job is done at the end of the day. | like to go home at night and
let someone else worry about tomorrow's location.""

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019867
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025094.txt,"Translated by Donna Lee Hicks
Cédula 001-1203435-0
Tel.: Celular:
E-mail:

www.sdlanguagesolutions.com
RPE No. 30793

Cuba in its new stage: SWOT Analysis
Fundacion Internacional para la Libertad (“\nternational Foundation for Freedom”)
New York, 8 November 2015

On August 14th, 2015, the United States flag was raised in Havana, formally reestablishing diplomatic
Relations between the United States and Cuba, which had been interrupted since January 3"", 1961,
some 54 years ago, when Ike Eisenhower was in power in Washington and Fidel Castro in Havana.

The President of the United States, Barack Obama, and his Secretary of State, John Kerry, among many
other personalities, have requested the lifting of the economic embargo imposed on Cuba by John F.
Kennedy in 1962, in the midst of the Cold War, and in recent days through Havana have come Germans,
French, Dutch, and Spaniards to propose bridges to the Island.

The perception is that Cuba, the largest of the thirteen markets in the Caribbean and with the largest

population, followed very closely by the Dominican Republic, again opens itself up to international trade
and relations.

Overview of the Spanish Antilles
Cuba: 110,860 Km2 — 11,031,000 inhabitants — GDP per capita (PPP) US$10,200.
Dominican Republic - 46,670 km2 — 10,349,741 inhabitants — GDP per capita (PPP) US$12,800

Puerto Rico: 13,790 km2 — 3,620,897 inhabitants — GDP per capital (PPP) US$16,300

For purposes of brevity and objectivity, given the composition of this audience, I’m going to employ the
structure of the so-called SWOT analysis for contributing to the business decision of investing in that
market, refraining from doing so, or awaiting greater clarity and better times. It will not be my function
to recommend what should be done, but rather to place certain data and basic elements on the table for
decision-makers. They will know what is best for them to do.

The SWOT analysis, as we know, lists the positive Strengths, the present Opportunities, the Weaknesses
perceived, and the Threats detected.

Strengths

1. The thawing announced simultaneously by Presidents Barack Obama and Raul Castro
last December 17"", to which are added the various steps taken by both governments in

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025094
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031112.txt,"From: Sultan Bin Sulayern [|

Sent: 6/1/2018 10:54:16 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Fwd: Steve Bannon’s clever idea to save the GOP from brutal midterms

Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: Fareed Zakaria GPS <j >

Date: June 2, 2018 at 2:26:50 AM GMT+4

To: Fareed Zakaria GPS <a >

Subject: Steve Bannon’s clever idea to save the GOP from brutal midterms
Please scroll down or click here to read my latest Washington Post column.

Steve Bannon’s clever idea to save the GOP from brutal midterms
By Fareed Zakaria, Friday, June 1, 2018

ROME -- The Republican Party faces dim prospects in the midterm elections. But it doesn’t have to be that way, says
Stephen K. Bannon, the chief ideologist of the populist wave that brought Donald Trump into the White House. “If the
Republicans continue on the path they are on,” Bannon told me Thursday, “they will lose 40 seats in the House and
President Trump will be impeached.” He presented an alternative that strikes me as clever, and it’s a strategy that
Trump himself seems to instinctively get.

Bannon was in Rome to learn from and provide support to the unusual coalition of populists and nationalists who
together won half the vote in Italy’s recent elections and are now set to govern. Bannon sees that sort of coalition —
mixing left and right, old and young — as his goal for the United States. “Europe is about a year ahead of the United
States. ... You see populist-nationalist movements with reform [here]. ... You could begin to see the elements of
Bernie Sanders coupled with the Trump movement that really becomes a dominant political force in American politics.”
(This column draws on an on-air interview he did with me for CNN, as well as a subsequent conversation.)

The Republican Party’s strategy, for now, appears to be to make the midterm elections a series of local contests focusing
on the tax cut and the healthy economy. Bannon views this as fundamentally misguided. “You have to nationalize the
election,” he said. Bannon understands that voters are moved from the gut more than through a wonky analysis of
taxes. “This is going to be an emotional [election] — you’re either with [House Minority leader] Nancy Pelosi or you’re
with Donald Trump. ... Trump’s second presidential race will be on Nov. 6 of this year.”

Bannon is most focused on the issue of immigration because it hits both the heart and the head. “Immigration is about
not just sovereignty, it’s about jobs.” He believes that the Trump coalition can attract up to a third of Sanders supporters
who see trade and immigration as having created unfair competition for jobs, particularly for working-class blacks and
Hispanics. He advocates appealing directly to those voters, saying, “You’re not going to be able to take the Hispanic and
black community from the STEM system in grammar school to our best engineering schools . . . to the great jobs in
Silicon Valley, unless you start to limit these H-1B visas and this unfair competition . . . from East Asia and South Asia.”

Now this strikes me as entirely wrong. The reason that not enough Hispanic and black students end up in Silicon Valley
has much more to do with a broken education system, particularly for poorer kids, than the modest number of skilled
Asian immigrants who get work visas. The most likely result of limiting these visas is that talented immigrants will simply
go elsewhere — Canada, Britain, Australia — and start successful companies there. And, in fact, there is lots of evidence
this is already happening.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031112
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021198.txt,"anything I can get for you?” | asked again and he answered, “No thanks,
we just ate and I’m still full” and they sat down together on the stools at
the kitchen bench.

I got out the shiny red kettle from the cupboard, knowing my way all
too well around the kitchen and put it over the hot stove plate. Turning
around to face them, I thought they were acting peculiar. “So...’Ghislane
started the conversation, ‘““How was the ranch with the Prince?” It was a
natural reaction for me to blush, knowing exactly what she was referring
too. Keeping busy preparing her cup of tea and avoiding eye contact with
both of them I started to unpack the counter where I had been eating, “I
think he had a really good time, he seemed relaxed during the trip and
when we said good-bye to each other he gave me a kiss.” I went on to tell
them what we did together “I took him horseback riding, nowhere to far
just around the property, um... we went swimming in the pool, and of
course I gave him plenty of massages. He had a massage at least couple
times each day really seeming to enjoy his time there.” It’s what they
wanted to hear, not the truth of how disgusting I had felt over the whole
thing but they already knew the truth anyways, it’s what they had trained
me for in the first place.

Like two proud parents they both looked over me with such content.
“Good, you did really well” Jeffrey complimented me. Turning around to
the boiling kettle, I finished Ghislane’s tea for her and the conversation
led on to other subjects. We all ventured up to Jeffrey’s office and out
came the infamous duffle bag that went wherever he did. | was given
close to a thousand dollars for my time in Santa Fe, more than what I
thought anybody at my young age could make for a couple days of work.
‘It was fulfilling the obscene vulgar needs of the so-called privileged that
earned me so much.

Chapter 18

I spent the next few days in New York, venturing out to do some
shopping therapy. I loved the eccentric parts of the city. Every street was
different but the same energetic vibe filled all of them, animated with all
different walks of life. Hanging out at coffee shops reading the newspaper
or a good book was a favorite pastime while in the big apple. Being close
enough to get back to Jeffrey for when he needed me but also far enough
to get away from all of it. Most of the day slipped by without being
missed and [ made my way back to Jeffrey’s.

Making one last pit stop, I walked into an old bookshop to browse at
their assortment of old titles. | wasn’t in any hurry so I took my time

107

[2 Copyright Protected Material
CONFIDENTIAL GIUFFRE004240

reading the backs of interesting looking books. I bumped into a girl
looking down the same aisle I was down. “Sorry, I’m so clumsy” she was
apologizing for my mistake. “No, no, it was.my fault, I wasn’t looking at
where I was going. I get so wrapped up with my nose in a book and trip
over my own two feet if I’m not careful enough.” We were both giggling
now and I further introduced myself to her. Her name was Valerie or
Vickie or something like that, anyways she was a student at a school for
hairdressing nearby. Chatting away both young and similar interests in
each other’s choice of reading we found it easy to speak with one another.
She wasn’t from around here only being in the city for the last two
months, her parents hated her being here, but were also supportive in her
big decision to move from the countryside in hopes of her accomplishing
her own dreams. Aside from not having her near them, they just wanted
her to be happy and supported in her big decision to move to the city,
helping her pay some of the way.

She was a pretty girl with cherry red hair and soft white skin. Her long
legs were emphasized by the short flowery dress that complimented her
hourglass figure. She would definitely fit the pro quo for going down in
one of Jeffrey’s little black books. Only imagining the look on his face
upon meeting her I could already see his sly grin spread from ear to ear.
Knowing exactly what he would do with her and the very thought of him
tarnishing a sweet country girl such as her just couldn’t be done. It was
the beginning of a turning point in my life that started with realizing | had
a choice at hand and the effect I could have on one person alone. “I must
be off, but it was really nice to meet you.” Bidding her goodnight and
paying for my books I turned around with one last glance over my
shoulder and said. “Good luck in the city!” Leaving that bookshop was a
small step in a growing abundance of larger strides to come. Turning the
corner onto 72"" street | had an undeniable feeling in the pit of my
stomach again but this time it wasn’t the familiar hurl of anxiety I was
used too after I had done something [ had wrong that I had regretted, it
was a new feeling of pride and inner strength. I quite liked it a lot, I held
my head high and smiled on the inside when Jeffrey asked me how my
day was and what I got up to, not mentioning I had let one girl slip on
bye.

The icy winter winds faded away making way for the approaching
sunny days that blossomed the colorful shades of spring. This was my
favorite time of the year. Making the most use of his island we spent
countless days of the increasingly hot days there. A constant array of
visiting guests and plentiful young women to flock around keeping them
entertained was the typical lazy afternoon on Little St. Jeff’s. We ate,
drank, and played under the blue blanket of cloudless skies. To many this
lifestyle could seem idyllic, unless you were like me, the one on the other

108

1] Copyright Protected Material

GIUFFRLO0424 1

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021198
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015812.txt,"122 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

inhibitors and activators like in real synapses. An individual neuron will
fire if the sum of all the connections multiplied by the weights reaches a
certain pre-determined threshold.

A neural network does not run a program in the conventional
sense, and must be trained through experience rather like a human
brain. The training process allows the weights in the network table to
be adjusted to give the correct result. But, unlike the brain, you can read
the weights and even save them to a disk. The neural network tables
start with random settings. You show the network the letter ‘A’ and
adjust the weights in the tables until it gives a positive answer: ‘It’s an
A. Repeat the process with the other letters until the network correctly
distinguishes them. As you do this a computer algorithm constantly
adjusts the weighting tables using a method called ‘back propagation.

At the end of the training process you can show the network some
new input and see how it does. For example, a letter ‘A that is in a slightly
different font to anything in the training set. Trained neural networks
can perform complex tasks such as recognizing faces or making clinical
diagnoses, and they can be allowed to modify their weighting tables as
they work so they learn from experience in a similar way to a human
brain. Strong AI proponents believe making a thinking machine is just
a matter of building a really large, fast neural network and working out
how to train it efficiently.

Quantum Brains

Conventional wisdom says each brain cell is a single processing unit
making an on-off decision — fire, or don't fire - depending on the state
of its neighbors. But, Stuart Hameroff, Professor of Anesthesiology
at the University of Arizona, thinks neurons are not the fundamental
information-processing unit in the brain. He suggests that this accolade
should go to tubulin. Tubulin is a small, versatile protein that self-
assembles into filaments rather like the way buckyballs - a magnetic
children’s toy — can be arranged. There are two types of tubulin molecule:
a and B. They slot together and wrap around to form a micro tube about
25nm in diameter.

Tubulin micro tubes do several important things in the body.
They form the skeleton of neurons and give them structure. They are
involved in guiding neurons as they grow towards each other to form
new connections, and they also operate in the nucleus of a cell to unzip

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015812
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031674.txt,"COVINGTON

The Honorable Richard Burr
The Honorable Mark R. Warner
May 22, 2017

Page 5

the existence of any particular responsive documents. See United States v. Doe, 465 U.S. 605,
613 n.12 (1984) (“The most plausible inference to be drawn from the broad-sweeping subpoenas
is that the Government [is] unable to prove that the subpoenaed documents exist . . . .”).

The first demand for a list of all meetings with any Russian official (or “representative of
Russian business interests”) over 18 months fails for want of specifying particular individuals,
locations, or dates. Moreover, this is not merely a demand to produce existing documents. It is
actually an interrogatory demanding that General Flynn create a new document containing
information that the Committee seeks to discover. This is a demand for direct testimony, not
merely a testimonial act of production. As in Hubbell, General Flynn’s compilation of such a list
would be akin to him “answering a series of interrogatories asking [him] to disclose the
existence and location of [meetings] fitting certain broad descriptions.” Hubbell, 530 U.S. at 41.
The Court in Hubbell held that the witness could not be compelled to prepare such a list without
violating his Fifth Amendment privilege. Finally, the nebulous term “representative of Russian
business interests” necessarily would require General Flynn, in responding to the request, to
testify as to who is or is not a “representative of Russian business interests.” This too constitutes
direct testimony that is clearly covered by the Fifth Amendment privilege.

The subpoena’s second and third demands are even broader in scope than the first, given
their request for all communication records with any Russian official. The complete lack of
specificity in the request makes clear that, unlike in Fisher, the existence of any document
responsive to the Committee’s request is far from a “foregone conclusion.” Fisher, 425 U.S. at
411. The fact that the subpoena also demands all documents in the custody, control or
possession of General Flynn’s “agents, employees, or representatives” underscores that the
Committee does not know whether responsive documents exist, who may possess them, or
where they are located. Were General Flynn to provide responsive documents, he would be
providing compelled testimony about “the documents’ existence, custody, and authenticity.”
Hubbell, 530 U.S. at 28. This is precisely the sort of testimonial information that the Fifth
Amendment privilege is designed to protect from compelled disclosure. See In re Grand Jury
Subpoena, Dated Apr. 18, 2003, 383 F.3d 905, 911 (9th Cir. 2004) (finding an act of production
to be testimonial in nature where a “subpoena seeks all documents within a category but fails to
describe those documents with any specificity . . . .”).

The Committee must demonstrate more than general knowledge that a meeting may
have occurred; the Committee must demonstrate “knowledge of the existence and possession of
the actual documents” in order to prove that the existence and location of the documents is a
“foregone conclusion.” Id. at 910 (emphasis added). The Committee simply has not met its
burden of showing its “pre-subpoena knowledge of the existence, possession, and authenticity of
the subpoenaed documents with reasonable particularity.” Ponds, 454 F.3d at 324.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031674
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012032.txt,"http:/Avww.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2014/12/court-filing-levels-sex-claims-at-
alan-dershowitz-200495.html

Woman who sued convicted billionaire over
sex abuse levels claims at his friends

By JOSH GERSTEIN |
12/31/14 6:38 PM EST

A woman allegedly kept as a sex slave by politically-connected billionaire investor Jeffrey
Epstein, who went to jail for having sex with underaged girls, is accusing several prominent
friends of the financier of having taken part in the debauchery, according to a new court filing.

The woman—referred to in court papers as Jane Doe #3— leveled the allegations Tuesday
against Harvard Law School professor Alan Dershowitz and Britain’s Prince Andrew, as well as
British socialite Ghislaine Maxwell and French model scout Jean Luc Brunel.

Dershowitz flatly denied the claims about him Wednesday in an interview with POLITICO.
“Tt’s totally, unequivocally and completely false,” the celebrated attorney said.

A spokesman for Prince Andrew denied the allegations Friday, while a lawyer who handled
related matters for Maxwell did not respond to an e-mail seeking comment. Representatives of
Brunel's modeling firm also did not reply to e-mail messages.

The accusations came in a long-running lawsuit charging federal prosecutors in Florida with
violating a victims-rights law by failing to consult with Epstein’s victims before signing off on a
plea deal. That pact ruled out any federal prosecution of the investor, who agreed to plead guilty
to two state prostitution-related felony charges. Lawyers for the victims have described the
arrangement as a sweetheart dea] the well-connected Epstein and his high-powered legal team
achieved by putting pressure on prosecutors.

Epstein served 13 months of an 18-month sentence on the two state charges before being
released in 2009. He's now a registered sex offender.

The new court filing, submitted by Florida lawyer Brad Edwards and former federal judge Paul
Cassell in a federal court in West Palm Beach, Fla., asked that Jane Doe #3 and another woman
be allowed to join the pending case over the victims’ rights claim.

“Epstein. ..trafficked Jane Doe #3 for sexual purposes to many other powerful men, including

numerous prominent American politicians, powerful business executives, foreign presidents, a
well-known Prime Minister, and other world leaders. Epstein required Jane Doe #3 to describe

EXHIBIT R

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012032
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021826.txt,"Oo O DN OO FF WwW NY =|

NO RO PO PNP NM NO | S| S| HS SF S| S| S| S| S|
non BP WO NO -|- ODO OO WDN OO OT BP WO NYO —

Sweeder & Ross for Professor Dershowitz.

Thereupon,

PAUL G. CASSELL,
having been first duly sworn, was examined and testified
as follows:

THE WITNESS: I do.

DIRECT EXAMINATION
BY MR. SIMPSON:

Q. Good morning or good afternoon, I guess?

A. Afternoon, yes.

Q. If I ask any questions today that you can't
understand, would you please let me know and I'11
attempt to rephrase or clarify it?

A. Sure.

Q. You're a former United States District Judge;
is that correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. When were you a judge?

A. From about 2002 'til about November 2007.

Q. Okay. So you were appointed by the first
President Bush?

A. Yes.

Q Uh, second President Bush?

A. Second President Bush, yes.
Q

And then after resigning as a judge, you

ROUGH DRAFT ONLY

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021826

"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030123.txt,"From: Kathy Ruemmler Po

Sent: 9/21/2014 2:54:20 AM

To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Subject: Re: Floor Statement of Senator Barack Obama on the Nomination of Alberto Gonzales for Attorney General -

Wikisource, the free online library

Importance: — High

Yep. Will be there.
On Sep 20, 2014 7:54 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
ok 1?

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 7:45 PM, Kathy Ruemmler ee wrote:

I won't get back to the city until @ 11:30, unfortunately.

On Sep 20, 2014 7:43 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
see you at 1030? tomor?

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 7:13 PM, Kathy Ruemmler - &f wrote:

Furnished
On Sep 20, 2014 7:12 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

furnished or un?

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 6:41 PM, Kathy Ruemmler ss wrote:

I signed the lease in my name for a year, so I think Iam pretty stuck. It is $11,000 a month and Latham
reimburses me $8000 a month.

On Sep 20, 2014 6:35 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
whose name is the apt in, does it have to be this one? or would another be ok.

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 3:54 PM, Kathy Ruemmler il. wrote:

It appears that way. I have advised that him staying through the end is the clearly preferable alternative.

On Sep 20, 2014 3:52 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
so is he the alternate in essence

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 3:49 PM, Kathy Ruemmler - CiC“(“ wrote:

Mid-October, but there will be another run at him to reconsider.

On Sep 20, 2014 3:42 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
date certain? hamlet. ?

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 2:25 PM, Kathy Ruemmler _ wrote:

Date?

On Sep 20, 2014 2:22 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
eric?

On Sat, Sep 20, 2014 at 12:59 PM, Kathy Ruemmler i _ wrote:

You are on the move. I went out for some retail therapy.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030123
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013194.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013194
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010625.txt,"OGE Form 278e (March 2014)

Instructions for Part 1

Note: This is a public form. Do not include account numbers, street addresses, or family member names. See instructions for required information.
Filers Name
J#JorganizationName City State Organization Type Position Held

From

To

Trump Marks LLC New York, NY LLC President 02/28/05 1/19/2017
Trump Marks Magazine Corp New York, NY Corporation
Trump Marks Magazine LLC
1360 [Trump Marks MaliressMemberCorp, ———“—*~—s*—s—s—s—s—s—s—sSsSCSS NewYork, NY Corporation Director/Chairman/President 08/07/08 4/19/2017
08/24/09 1/19/2017
New York, NY Corporation Director/President 08/24/09 4119/2017
[363 | Marks Mortgage Corp. 06/19/07
[364 | Marks Mtg LLC New York, NY President/Member 08/23/07
[365 __| Trump Marks Mumbai LLC LLC
[366 _|Trump Marks MumbaiMemberCop ————‘(;NS!! CNW York, NY Corporation President/Director/Chairman 10/11/10 4/19/2017
[369 _|TrumpMarksNewRochelleCorp, . ——“—~—s~sSsSsSsSSSSSSSCCCSCXdN@WYYoork NY Corporation Director/President 06/13/07 4/19/2017
Trump Marks New Rochelle LLC New York, NY President/Member 06/43/07 4/19/2017
New York, NY Corporation Director/President 06/12/07
06/12/07 4/19/2017
373 New York, NY Corporation Director/President 04/26/07 1149/2017
374 _[Trump Marks Panama LLC New York, NY LLC President/Member 04/26/07
Director/President
376
03/03/08 4/19/2017
09/13/10 49/2017
[380 | President/Director/Chairman 09/43/10
381 [Trump Marks Puerto Rico | LLC New York, NY 12/14/07 1/49/2017
382 _|Trump Marks Puerto Rico | Member Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/President 42/14/07
[383 __| Trump Marks Puerto Rico Il LLC
[384 | Trump Marks Puerto Rico Il Member Corp 07/08/08 14/10/2016 |
[386 _| Trump Marks Punta del Este Manager Corp New York, NY Corporation President/Director/Chairman 01/05/12 4/19/2017
New York, NY.
New York, NY Corporation Chalrman/Director & President |
[389 [Trump MarksRealEstateLLC  —CC“‘“‘SOOC\NewYorkNY =| SCLC SCCi‘(L'SC“‘;C™SCéPresicdentvMember = “ss CT SCOOT S—CSCSCSC*dYC‘AH 927
Trump Marks SOHO LLC New York, NY LLC President/Member 06/14/07
(395 _| Trump Marks Stamford LLC New York, NY LLC President/Member 06/13/07
[396 |TrumpMarksSunnyislesILLG —CC~C“‘“‘C*CSCSCXdC‘N@+York, NY LLC
New York, NY Corporation
[400 __| Trump Marks Tampa Corp New York, NY Corporation Director/President 10/26/07
401 Trump Marks Tampa LLC New York, NY PresidenUMember
402 _|Trump Marks Toronto Corp New York, NY Director/President 08/09/07
403 [Trump Marks Toronto LLC
404 [Trump Marks Toronto LP ( formally Trump Toronto Management LP)
405 _ [Trump Marks Waikiki Corp

Gaps in numerical sequence are due to the removal of previously reported items no longer reportable on this part.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010625
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026887.txt,"﻿BBC World News
New Tariffs — Trade War
Robert Lawrence Kuhn, September 18, 2018
HOST: China imposes another
$60 billion of tariffs on US
imports a day after President
Trump announces tariffs on $200
billion of Chinese goods. Well,
let's get more on that story now.
We're joined from Beijing by
Robert Lawrence Kuhn who
advises China's leaders and
multinational corporations. He's
also the author of ""How China's
Leaders Think"". How do they
think about this? It's difficult to
know where this might end.
RLK: Let's look at what just
happened. China retaliated with
$60 billion worth of U.S. goods
that it was putting tariffs on, but
half of it was five percent, half
was 10 percent, which is less
than the American side, which
was 10 percent on all. And the
$60 billion is proportional in the
sense that it is about 40 percent
of the total US exports to China.
Just as the $200 billion was
about 40 percent of the little bit
more than $500 billion that
China exports to the US. So
that's the proportionality.
RLK: There's a lot of talk there
might have been more
countermeasures like selling
treasury bonds or disrupting
American companies. That hasn't
occurred yet. China is sending
signals that it's ratcheting down
the escalation, not trying to
escalate it. China has to
respond. The government of
China, the Communist Party of
China, the leading Party, the
ruling party here, has two big
facets that justifies its
legitimacy.
RLK: One is the economic
growth. This is the 40th
anniversary of reform and
opening up — China's economic
miracle. Increasing GDP per
capita is almost 50 times,
making the standards of living of
the vast majority of people quite
decent. Second area is national
rejuvenation, national pride. And
so the trade war affects both.
You have economics, and the
pride: the economics, the tariffs,
are certainly suboptimal in all
respects for all countries, but
China must respond because it
has to maintain the dignity of
the country, but it does so in a
way to signal that it wants this
to resolve.
RLK: It won't resolve soon. No
one expects it before the midterm
elections. But it's very
important to understand from
the US point of view what the
real issues are and where we
seek the solution.
HOST: What are the real issues?
RLK: There are five real issues
and I do not include the trade
deficit — because, obviously the
trade deficit is complicated. You
have components coming from
other countries that is counted
as part of the trade deficit, but
China gets no benefit from them.
An iPhone for example. Maybe,
China gets 6 or 10 percent of the
cost of roughly $350 for a $1000
retail price. China has also
service purchases that's not
included in the trade deficit,
something like $40 billion per
year — tourists, students.
RLK: But there are five big
issues that are really critical.
Opening up of China's markets
which have been closed. They're
making some progress, not
enough. Intellectual property:
this is an area that China really
has made substantial progress.
Again, not enough, need to do
more, but they've made
substantial progress. This is
affecting Chinese companies and
China knows it needs to improve
IP protection.
RLK: Third is industrial
espionage, a very sensitive area.
Cyber theft: China has decreased
it. It's a complicated area. It
needs to do more. Hard to know
what the government does and
doesn't do, but everybody knows
that's looked at.
RLK: Fourth is technology
transfer. And then government
support of new technologies.
The last is the most sensitive
one.
HOST: Robert Lawrence Kuhn,
we’re going to have to leave it
there. Lots to talk about. We do
appreciate your time.
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010962.txt,"And I repeat that most other structures are not meant to be resold. Productive plant
is customized to original owners. Tract housing is not, but becomes adapted to them.
Original plant operators and homeowners typically expect to stay put. Most do.
When they do, their own valuations are higher than would likely be realized in sale.
Owners’ valuations matter. Economics is more than prediction of sales prices. It is
prediction of behavior. It is the owner’s valuation of an asset, not a hypothetical

outside valuation, that predicts what he will do to exploit and defend it.

My depreciation theory does not jolt settled belief as forcibly as free growth theory
or the pay rule and Y rule do. It contradicts only a minor feature of the national
accounts. But it contradicts that diametrically, and adds clarity to the pay rule too. It
is also original as far as | know. Who has said such a thing before? All the more fun
and satisfaction in finding out and setting the record straight. There are giants out
there, whether I ever make it to their shoulders or not, and economic history means

identifying them.

Retirement Theory

Retirement generally means the period or first moment when people end the
careers for which their training has been specialized. The reason is typically not
diminished skills and performance just yet, as age-wage profiles show no little or no
drop in pay toward the end. I think itis more that we and our bosses see the drop

coming.

Literal pay is typically zero in retirement. Instead we earn imputed pay for taking
care of ourselves and one another, and for driving the grandkids to the zoo. These
services are tangible, not psychic, in that they save the hire of others to do the same.
The imputed pay is what the others would have charged. But it typically is not
enough to meet our consumption needs. Retirees must typically draw down savings
or depend on “social transfer payments”, meaning support from government or

family or foundations, to make ends meet.

Chapter 2: Fast Forward 1/06/16 22

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010962
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026364.txt,"Most Popular
Photos: The 10 Best And Worst States To Make A Living In 2015

Trending on LinkedIn
Donald Trump And The Decline Of American Character--A Cautionary Tale

“We don’t want the noise about these drugs to be price,” says Leonard Schleifer, the chief executive and
founder of Regeneron. “We have to make sure that people get access to the drug for a fair price if they’re
insured, for free if they’re not insured, or at a discount if they’re under-insured.”

Praluent’s price is 46% higher than that forecast by Evercore ISI, an investment bank, and it is being approved
for a larger group of patients than many Wall Street analysts expected following a meeting convened by the
FDA to analyze the data on the drug. Some doctors argued its use should be restricted mainly to patients with
FH. But Mark Schoenebaum, Evercore ISI’s pharmaceutical analyst, says that investors were initially
disappointed because they had hoped the FDA would greenlight the drug for an even broader group.
Regeneron shares were down 2.5% in afternoon trading before they were halted pending news.

But doctors may prescribe the drug more widely than the label suggests. A survey of physicians published this
morning by Geoffrey Porges, an biotechnology analyst at investment bank Sanford C. Bernstein, found that
they would use the drug in 30% to 40% of patients who had already had heart attacks. He wrote that 2020
sales of Praluent could be as high as $4.8 billion.

In the survey, doctors expressed a preference for Praluent. One advantage of Regeneron’s drug is that doctors
will be able to start it at a lower, 75 milligram dose.

Schleifer, who is a medical doctor and, incidentally, a billionaire thanks to his Regeneron stake, says that the
company expects that as many as 8 million people who don’t have their cholesterol well-controlled could be
candidates for Praluent. He emphasized, though, that until larger studies prove the drug prevents heart attacks
and strokes patients should always choose statins first. It will have sales representatives a

Insurance companies and pharmacy benefit managers, who help insurers and employers manage drug costs, are
going to do their best to restrict use of Praluent, though. Brennan, the CVS Caremark executive, says that he
expects patients will need to have medical records documenting that they have already taken statins. Those not
taking statins would need a blood test confirming that a statin caused elevations in muscle or liver enzymes,
not just complaints that they were achy. “We’re not trying to replace statins,” says Schliefer, the Regeneron
CEO.

Most people who have muscle problems from statins do not have those elevated muscle enzymes, says Nissen,
the Cleveland Clinic cardiologist, who is conducting a clinical trial Amgen and Pfizer, which is also
developing a similar cholesterol drug. He says he has patients who are “desperate” to take a statin but who
cannot tolerate it because of muscle pain but do not have elevated muscle enzymes.

""Dehspite significant progress over the last decades, high cholesterol remains a leading concern in the U.S. and
globally,"" said Olivier Brandicourt, M.D., Chief Executive Officer, Sanofi. ""Praluent demonstrates the power
of the Sanofi and Regeneron alliance to deliver a first-in-class therapy in the U.S. for patients in need. Sanofi
has a strong cardiovascular heritage and dedication to these patients, and we look forward to working with
other regulatory authorities to make Praluent available to patients worldwide.""

""We are grateful to the thousands of patients and investigators worldwide who participated in the ODYSSEY
clinical trial program,"" said Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D., Founder, President, and Chief Executive

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026364
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019046.txt,"Date: 8/07/06 PALM BEACH POLICE DEPARTMENT Page:
time: 9:25:15 s Incident Report @ Program: CMS301L

ee ee ee eee ee ee ee we eH eK ee mew er eee

1-06-001078 (Continued)
roximately 8:30 PM when they arrived. [7] said both she and -
drank beer and used Xanax before they arrived at this house. —
said she was under the influence of the beer and Xanax.
said upon arrival, they met with a blond woman who was in her
20's. described this woman as being the manager of the girls
that visit this house. [1 _]said they went into the kitchen and
then she and [___]were led to a massage room in the house.
said she saw numerous photos of naked woman and also sculptures of
naked woman throughout the house. [| said moments later, a man

named Jeffrey entered the room wearing a robe. said Jeffrey
removed _ his robe and lay down on the massage table. said she
and[____]massaged Jeffrey for approximately 20 minutes. said

she massaged Jeffrey's legs using some pe of lotion. L___Jsaid

Jeffrey asked to leave the room. said Jeffrey asked her
to take her shirt off. said she removed her shirt exposing
her bra. [______] said Jeffrey asked her to remove her other clothes
but she refused his request. said she was wearing a short

skirt and underwear along with the bra. [~__]said Jeffrey began to
masturbate in full view of her. [[___]said she did see Jeffrey's
penis. [L___|said Jeffrey reached under her skirt and rubbed her
vagina on top of her panties. said she felt uncomfortable and

asked Jeffrey to stop, which he did. [| ____|saic once Jeffrey was
done masturbating, she went downstairs and met with

said they both received $200 but she could not remember who gave them
the money.

I showed[_____]a photo lineup containing Jeffrey Epstein. [TZ _]
positively identified Epstein as the man in picture three.

[_____]said Jeffrey did not ask her how old she was. [_____]said
she could not remember if she mentioned she was in High School.

[ _jeeks she knew of other girls who went to Jeffrey's house.
supplied those names, [an
giz naned |]

[___sd|signed an affidavit stating she wishes to prosecute based .on
Epstein's activities. [7] swore that her above statement was the

truth.

This interview was digitally recorded and this recording along with
the photo lineup were placed into evidence.

Lo

On July 31, 2006, at approximately 1230 HRS, Detective Silvestri and I
met with[————] WF DoB[-_]at_ her home.

advised she did know a man named Jeffrey Epstein. [___ Jadvised
she met Epstein when she was in 11th grade, which was in the year
2004. [__|betiieres she was either 16 or 17 years of age.

[Sd said’ a fellow student at
advised her she could make $200 for massaging a man. said

a : a ~~ _HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019046
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022268.txt,"Why is now a more important time than ever for a WE Talks?

| believe the women movement to be one of the most fascinating phenomena of
our times. The woman’s role has changed so much in modern society with more
women taking leadership positions and starting their own companies. The modern
woman is wearing more hats than ever. In the 80-s, a successful woman was
expected to pursue an education and then to get married and raise children. Right
now, women are expected to have successful careers, be equal financial
contributors to the family, and yet maintain their traditional “feminine” roles,
including taking care of the home, cooking, and raising kids.

Yet women with full-time jobs still earn only about 77 percent of their male
counterparts’ earnings. About four-in-ten employed women say they have
experienced some form of gender discrimination at work. There is also a serious
gender gap in startup rates of men and women, where there are about seven
women entrepreneurs for every ten men entrepreneurs. The statistics is pretty
gloomy in both corporate and startup world. The share of female Fortune 500
CEOs has dropped by 25% in 2018 to 5%. Female founders receive only 2% percent
of the venture capital. Nevertheless, female-founded startups generate more
revenue and do it with less funding.

| think networking a paramount to business and personal success. For ages, men
had men only clubs, including cigar clubs, university clubs, golf clubs etc. Even
nowadays, male investors and intrapreneurs would go out for drinks and talk about
business. Women are starting to do it, but just don’t do it enough. Curated
networking, right introductions, and a solid community would help narrow the
gender gap.

You were a model, then ran a nonprofit, and now you've started WE Talks.
Where did you learn to have the courage to ""put yourself out there"" and take
risks again and again?

| think risk taking is in my DNA. | grew up playing tennis competing on a Junior
Circuit and simply couldn’t envision a predictable and “normal” life in Moscow. |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022268
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021761.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 2/26/2010 2:59:54 PM
To: Alan M. Dershowitz iii): Viartin Weinberg
Subject: Fwd: Fw: Epstein -- | apologize if you have received this but it keeps coming back to me as undeliverable

From:
Date: Wed, Feb 24, 2010 at 5:58 AM
Subject: Fw: Epstein -- I apologize if you have received this but it keeps coming back to me as undeliverable
To: jeevacation@gmail.com

To:

From: Michael Reiter/PalmBeach

Date: 07/10/2008 02:36PM

Subject: Epstein -- I apologize if you have received this but it keeps coming back to me as undeliverable

Margie,

"" As you know, nothing too big or too small for us, especially in the summer"" Hmmmmm. I have to be
direct -- you or someone at your paper was very astute in checking the Clerk and Comptroller's computer
and activity in the Epstein case two days before the hearing. As result, you sent me a text message on
Saturday asking what the activity was about and I confirmed that the plea would take place. You were
the only member of the news media that I talked with. And yet, after the case is completely over, the
Palm Beach Daily News' editorial staff remains silent on the topic.

Thanks,
Mike

Palm Beach Post Editorial
Monday, July 07, 2008

Two years after a grand jury indicted him on a felony charge of solicitation of prostitution, Jeffrey Epstein
finally admitted that he lured a teenage girl to his $8.5 million, 13,000-square-foot Palm Beach mansion for
sex. A week ago, the 55-year-old investment banker began serving 18 months in jail.

But that plea deal - guilty of felony solicitation of prostitution and procuring a person under the age of 18 for
prostitution - does not account for all five of the girls, one as young as 14, who alleged that Epstein sexually
abused them. And why is Epstein serving his term in the overcrowded Palm Beach County Jail and not a state
prison, where inmates are sent if their sentences are longer than one year?

The slow, dissatisfying resolution of the case sends a message to the public that there's a different system of
justice for the wealthy who hire high-powered lawyers. Epstein's legal team included West Palm Beach defense
attorney Jack Goldberger, Harvard Law School Professor Alan Dershowitz, who defended O.J. Simpson
against murder charges, and Kenneth Starr, the prosecutor who pursued then-President Bill Clinton for lying
about sex with young women.

Palm Beach police spent 11 months investigating Epstein before State Attorney Barry Krischer sent the case to
a grand jury, instead of charging Epstein so the man who once boasted of accepting only billionaire clients

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021761
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027433.txt,"Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 93BDAE25-AA7B-42AD-A925-7E26F11B9EDB

F

Message: Agreed

Time: 09/28/18 12:48:56 PM (559856936)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: F3BA6B2D-C2F2-47E2-AB7/3-353DBFE65B4C

Message: Was the dollar weak under obama ???

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 09/28/18 12:49:42 PM (559856982)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

cal

GUID: O2DEAEIC-052E-4482-AAF1-C175DF131729

Message: Yes, euro 135

Time: 09/28/18 12:56:03 PM (559857363)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C4D4C15E-51C6-4780-94D8-D72D27B3B7D5

Message: Stronger under trump

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027433
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024573.txt,"18. CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following summary of the taxation of KUE and the taxation of the Partners of KUE is based
upon current law and does not purport to be a comprehensive discussion of all the tax
considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase Units. Legislative, judicial or
administrative changes may be forthcoming that could affect this summary.

TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT REGULATIONS, WE
ADVISE YOU THAT: (i) ANY DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL TAX ISSUES CONTAINED
HEREIN IS NOT INTENDED OR WRITTEN TO BE RELIED UPON, AND CANNOT BE
RELIED UPON, BY INVESTORS FOR THE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING TAX-RELATED
PENALTIES UNDER THE U.S. INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OR APPLICABLE STATE OR
LOCAL TAX LAW PROVISIONS; (ii) SUCH DISCUSSION IS BEING USED IN CONNECTION
WITH THE PROMOTION OR MARKETING (WITHIN THE MEANING OF TREASURY
REGULATIONS) BY THE COMPANY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OR MATTERS
ADDRESSED HEREIN; (iii) INVESTORS SHOULD SEEK ADVICE BASED ON THEIR
PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES FROM AN INDEPENDENT TAX ADVISOR.

PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS (INCLUDING ALL NON-U.S. PERSONS AS DEFINED BELOW)
SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE,
LOCAL, AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING COMMON LP UNITS UNDER
THE LAWS OF THEIR COUNTRIES OF CITIZENSHIP, RESIDENCE, ORDINARY
RESIDENCE, OR DOMICILE.

18.1. Cayman Taxation

There is, at present, no direct taxation in the Cayman Islands. The Government of the Cayman Islands,
will not, under existing legislation, impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty,
inheritance tax, gift tax, or withholding tax upon KUE, its partners, the General Partner, or its
shareholders. Similarly interest, dividends and gains payable to KUE and all distributions by KUE to its
partners will be received free of any Cayman Islands income or withholding taxes.

KUE has registered as an exempted limited partnership under Cayman Islands law and KUE has
received an undertaking from the Governcr-in-Cabinet of the Cayman Islands to the effect that, for a
period of 50 years fram the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands
imposing any tax to be levied on profits or income or gains or appreciations shall apply to KUE or to any
partner of KUE in respect of the operations or assets of KUE or the interest of a partner in KUE; and may
further provide that any such taxes or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall not be
payable in respect of the obligations of KUE or the interests of the partners in KUE.

The General Partner of KUE has registered as an exempted company under Cayman [slands law and the
General Partner has received an undertaking from the Governor-in-Cabinet of the Cayman Islands that, in
accordance with section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (1999 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a
pericd of 20 years from the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands
imposing any tax to be levied cn profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate
duty or inheritance tax shall be payable (i) on the shares of the General Partner or (ii} by way of the
withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by the
General Partner to its shareholders.

The Cayman Islands does not have a double tax treaty with the United States or any other country.

140

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024573
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022621.txt,"119

circumstances were present: (1) a corporation voluntarily and fully
disclosed the potential misconduct; (2) corporate principles voluntarily
engaged in interviews with DOJ and provided truthful and complete
information about their conduct; (3) a parent company conducted
extensive pre-acquisition due diligence of potentially liable subsidiaries
and engaged in significant remediation efforts post-acquisition; (A)a
company provided information about its extensive compliance policies,
procedures, and internal controls; (5) a company agreed to a civil
resolution with the Securities and Exchange Commission while also
demonstrating that criminal declination was appropriate; (6) only a single
employee was involved in the improper payments; and (7) the improper
payments involved minimal funds compared. to overall business revenues.
383 See Criminal Information, United States v. Peterson, supra note 8,
Press Release, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Former Morgan Stanley Managing
Director Pleads Guilty for Role in Evading Internal Controls Required
by FCPA (Apr. 25, 2012), available at http://www.justice.gov/opa/
pr/2012/ April/ 12-crm-534.html (“After considering all the available
facts and circumstances, including that Morgan Stanley constructed and
maintained a system of internal controls, which provided reasonable
assurances that its employees were not bribing government officials, the
Department of Justice declined to bring any enforcement action against
Morgan Stanley related to Peterson’s conduct. The company voluntarily
disclosed this matter and has cooperated throughout the department's
investigation.” ); see also Press Release, U.S. Sec. and Exchange Comm.,
SEC Charges Former Morgan Stanley Executive with FCPA Violations
and Investment Adviser Fraud (Apr. 25,2012), available at http: / / www.
sec.gov/news/press/2012/2012-78 htm (“Morgan Stanley, which is not
charged in the matter, cooperated with the SEC’s inquiry and conducted
a thorough internal investigation to determine the scope of the improper
payments and other misconduct involved.”).
3% SEC Rules of Practice, 17 C.ER. § 201.102(e).
385 Deferred Pros. Agreement, In the Matter of Tenaris, S.A. (May 17,
2011), available at http ://www.sec.gov/news/press/2011/2011-1 12-dpa.
pdf; see also Press Release, U.S. Sec. and Exchange Comm., Tenaris to Pay
$5.4 Million in SEC’s First-Ever Deferred Prosecution Agreement (May
17,2011), available at http ://www.sec.gov/news/press/2011/2011-112.
htm.
386 See Non-Pros. Agreement, In re Tenaris, S.A. (May 17, 2011), available
at http ://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/cases/tenaris-sa/201 1-
03-14-tenaris.pdf.
387 See US. SEC. AND EXCHANGE COMM., ENFORCEMENT MANUAL
§ 6.2.3. (March 9, 2012), available at hetp://www.sec-gov/divisions/
enforce/enforcementmanual.pdf.
388 See id. § 6.2.4.
38 See id. § 2.6.
318 US.C. § 1514A(c).
3118 US.C. § 1513(e).
3 15 US.C. § 78u-6(a)(3). The new provision defines “original
information” to mean information that:

(A) is derived from the independent knowledge

or analysis of a whistleblower; (B) is not known

to the Commission from any other source, unless

the whistleblower is the original source of the

information; and (C) is not exclusively derived from

an allegation made ina judicial or administrative

hearing, ina governmental report, hearing, audit,

or investigation, or from the news media, unless the

whistleblower is a source of the information.
33.15 USC. § 78u-6; see also Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and
Consumer Protection Act, Pub. L. No. 111-203, § 922, 124 Stat. 1376,
1841-49 (2010).
394 For detailed information about the program, including eligibility
requirements and certain limitations that apply, see Section 922 of the
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, available
at http ://www.sec.gov/about/oflices/owb/dodd-frank-sec-922.pdf,
and the final rules on eligibility, Exchange Act Rule 21F-8, 17 C.ER.§
240.2 1F-8.
3% For example, the rules: (1) make a whistleblower eligible for an award.
if the whistleblower reports original information internally, and the
company informs the SEC about the violations; (2) give whistleblowers
120 days to report information to the SEC after first reporting
internally and still be treated as if he or she had reported to the SEC

at the earlier reporting date , thus preserving their “place in line” for

a possible whistleblower award from the SEC; and (3) provide that a
whistleblower’s voluntary participation in an entity's internal compliance
and reporting systems is a factor that can increase the amount of an
award, and that a whistleblower’s interference with internal compliance
and reporting system is a factor that can decrease the amount of an award.
See Exchange Act Rule 21E, 17 C.ER. § 240.21F,

36 See Exchange Act Rule 21F-7(b), 17 C.ER. § 240.21F-7(b).

397 For example, SEC staff will not disclose a whistleblower’s identity in
response to requests under the Freedom of Information Act. However,
there are limits on SEC’s ability to shield a whistleblower’s identity,

and in certain circumstances SEC must disclose it to outside entities.
For example, in an administrative or court proceeding, SEC may be
required to produce documents or other information that would

reveal the whistleblower’s identity. In addition, as part of ongoing

SEC investigatory responsibilities, SEC staff may use information
provided by a whistleblower during the course of the investigation. In
appropriate circumstances, SEC may also provide information, subject
to confidentiality requirements, to other governmental or regulatory
entities. Exchange Act Rule 21F-7(a), 17 C.AR. 240.21F-7(a).

398 Although SEC does not have an opinion procedure release process,
it has declared its decision to follow the guidance announced through
DOJ’s FCPA Opinion Release Procedure. US. Sec. and Exchange
Comm., SEC Release No. 34-17099 (Aug. 29, 1980), available at hetp://
www.sec.gov/news/digest/1980/dig082980.pdf. SEC Release No. 34-
17099 stated that, to encourage issuers to take advantage of the DOJ’s
FCPA Review Procedure, as a matter of prosecutorial discretion, SEC
would “not take enforcement action alleging violations of Section 30A
in any case where an issuer has sought and obtained an FCPA Review
letter from the Department, prior to May 31, 1981, stating that the
Department will not take enforcement action under Section 30A with
respect to the transaction involved.” Jd. The release further noted that it
would revisit this policy once the DOJ had evaluated the results of the
FCPA Review Procedure after its first year of operation. A second release
stated that the SEC would continue to adhere to the policy announced
in Release No. 34-17099. USS. Sec. and Exchange Comm., SEC Release
No. 34-18255 (Nov. 13, 1981), available at http://www.sec.gov/news/
digest/1981/dig111381L.pdf.

°° Both DOJ’s opinion procedure releases (from 1993 to present) and
review procedure releases (from 1980- 1992) are available at http://www.
justice.gov/ criminal/fraud/ fcpa/: opinion.

“°° The full regulations relating to DOJ’s opinion procedure are available
at http ://wwwjustice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/docs/frgnerpt.pdf.
#198 C.ER.§ 80.1.

4298 C.ER. § 80.3.

328 CER. § 80.12 (“Neither the submission of a request for an
FCPA Opinion, its pendency, nor the issuance of an FCPA Opinion,
shall in any way alter the responsibility of an issuer to comply with the
accounting requirements of 15 U.S.C. 78m(b)(2) and (3).”).

4498 C.ER. § 80.4.

#598 C.ER. § 80.5.

#698 C.ER. § 80.6.

#728 CER. § 80.14(a). This non-disclosure policy applies regardless of
whether DOJ responds to the request or the party withdraws the request
before receiving a response. Td.

4898 C.ER. § 80.6.

4998 C.ER. § 80.2.

419Ty connection with any request for an FCPA opinion, DOJ may
conduct whatever independent investigation it believes appropriate. 28
CER. § 80.7.

41198 CER. § 80.15. Oncea request is withdrawn, it has no effect.
However, DOJ reserves the right to retain a copy of any FCPA

opinion request, documents, and information submitted during the
opinion release procedure for any governmental purpose, subject to the
restrictions on disclosures in 28 C.E.R. § 80.14.

41298 CER. § 80.8.

41398 CER. § 80.7. “Such additional information, if furnished orally,
must be confirmed in writing promptly. ‘The same person who signed
the initial request must sign the written, supplemental information and
must again certify it to be a true, correct and complete disclosure of the
requested information.” /d.

41498 CLER. § 80.9 (“No oral clearance, release or other statement

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022621
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031933.txt,"21

So despite their many faults and deplorable record on human rights,
the Assads have treated their chemical arsenal with considerable care.
But as the country potentially descends into chaos, will that hold
true?

Let's start with the possibility of civil war. According to researchers
at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, open
sources indicate that there are at least four, and potentially five,
chemical weapons production facilities in Syria. One or two are
located near Damascus, the other three situated in Hama, Latakia, and
al-Safira village, near the city of Aleppo. Hama is one of the hotbeds
of the Syrian revolt, which Assad's tanks attacked in early August and
where, more recently, fighting has severely damaged the city's
hospitals. Latakia is another center of unrest; it was shelled by the
Syrian Navy in mid-August. Aleppo, Syria's second-largest city has
also seen significant demonstrations.

If anti-Assad insurgents take up arms, the chemical sites, as symbols
of regime's authority, could become strategic targets. And, if mass
defections occur from the Syrian army, there may be no one left to
defend the sites against seizure. This could lead to disastrous
outcomes -- including confiscation of the chemical weapons by a
radical new national government, or sale of the weapons as war booty
to organized non-state actors or criminal groups.

In such chaos, no one can predict who might control the weapons or
where they might be taken. With these chemical weapons in the
hands of those engaged in a possible civil war, the risks that they
would be used would increase substantially. The problem would be
worsened further if some possessors were not fully aware of the
extent of the weapons' deadly effects.

And let's imagine that Assad is eventually removed: What leaders
would gain control of these weapons after he departed? Saudi-backed
Sunni groups? Iran-backed Shia organizations? Whoever they might

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031933
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017422.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

politically active academia, multiple political parties and, judging by the amount of news coverage,
probably more journalists per capita than any other country in the world — many of whom are there
expressly to cover the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Meanwhile, the Arab and Iranian regimes rule over some 350 million people, and most remain brutal,
closed and autocratic, permitting little or no internal dissent. The plight of their citizens who would most
benefit from the kind of attention a large and well-financed international human rights organization can
provide is being ignored as Human Rights Watch’s Middle East division prepares report after report on
Israel.

Human Rights Watch has lost critical perspective on a conflict in which Israel has been repeatedly
attacked by Hamas and Hezbollah, organizations that go after Israeli citizens and use their own people as
human shields. These groups are supported by the government of Iran, which has openly declared its
intention not just to destroy Israel but to murder Jews everywhere. This incitement to genocide is a
violation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.”

Only by returning to its founding mission and the spirit of humility that animated it can Human Rights
Watch resurrect itself as a moral force in the Middle East and throughout the world. If it fails to do that,
its credibility will be seriously undermined and its important role in the world significantly diminished.

= Amnesty International, which began as an organization dedicated to the freeing of political prisoners from
repressive regimes and won the Nobel Peace Prize for its noble efforts, has now turned into a hard-left political
lobby that elevates its ideology above its commitment to neutral advocacy for the victims of repression. Consider
its 2005 report on rapes and honor killings perpetrated against Palestinian women by Palestinian men in the West
Bank and Gaza. Such violence is a serious problem, especially in the Arab and Muslim world, because so few
leaders within these groups are prepared to condemn it and so many even justify it as a necessary means of
maintaining family honor and male dominance. The AI report documented honor killings of women who had been
raped. In one such case a 17 year old girl was murdered by her own mother after she was “repeatedly raped by two
of her brothers.” In another case, a 21 year old “was forced to drink poison by her father” when she was found to
be pregnant.

The AI report places substantial blame for these and other killings on Israel! Here is AI’s conclusion, listing the
causes of the violence directed against Palestinian women, presumably in the order of their importance:
“Palestinian women in the West Bank and Gaza Strip are victims of multiple violations as a result of the escalation
of the conflict, Israel’s policies, and a system of norms, traditions and laws which treat women as unequal
members of society.” The “escalation of the conflict” (which AI blames primarily on Israel) and “Israel’s policies”
rank higher than the “norms, traditions and laws which treat women as unequal.” The report asserts that violence
against women has “increased” dramatically during the Israeli occupation and has reached “an unprecedented
level” as a result of the “increased militarization of the Israeli-Palestinian confrontation.” This is a deliberately
false conclusion. In fact the number of such killings has gone down dramatically since the Israeli occupation. But
if one were to believe the Amnesty International Report, it would be as if the West Bank and Gaza Strip had been
violence free for Palestinian women until the Israeli Occupation.

Following the publications of the Amnesty International report, I spoke with Donatella Rovera, who is AI’s
researcher on Israel and the Occupied Territories and asked her to provide the data on which she had based her
conclusion that violence against women had escalated to an “unprecedented level” during the occupation, and
especially during its most militarized phase. I also asked her whether AI had compared violence against women in
the occupied West Bank and Gaza with violence against women in unoccupied Arab-Muslim areas that have
comparable populations, such as Jordan. Rovera acknowledged that AI could provide no such comparative data
and confirmed that the report was based on anecdotal information, primarily from Palestinian NGOs. “We talk to
anyone who would talk to us,” she said. When I asked her for a list of the NGO’s that were the sources of the
information, she refused to provide them because “there are things we can simply not provide to outsiders.” I
assured her that I was not interested in names or identifying features, but only in statistical data regarding the

335

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017422
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024250.txt,"everybody’s confidant, everybody becomes his
confidant. This is the back and forth, the power loop.
His expertise is knowing what other people know.
Which surely offers a unique sense of confidence that it
is possible to understand how the world works. And in a
time of such radical flux and existential instability,
everybody wants to seek out someone who might have
some answers or at least make you feel like he does—
even, and maybe especially, the rich.

In the last days of my interviews with Epstein, he
was called by a particular world-stage individual, among
the richest and most powerful—proudly louche
himself—who, feeling out of his depth in a world of
crashing oil prices and wild currency fluctuation, had
come to believe he might benefit from some private
tutoring. Epstein welcomed him to the club.

fe a
tSEP}

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024250
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033344.txt,"From: Larry Visoski

Sent: 3/18/2019 1:50:32 AM
To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: POTUS

Importance: — High

Appears President Trump B757 is in Islip, we are parked right in front of it,
it came here on Tuesday and is due to depart wednesday this week

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033344
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015033.txt,"What They Say About the Author

“Paul’s own writing, in particular, seemed daring and adventurous to
me; it took big chances and made important arguments in relentlessly funny
ways. I| felt, down deep, that maybe I had some of that in me, too; that maybe
I could be using my skills to better express my beliefs. Zhe Realist was the
inspiration that kept pushing me to the next level; there was no way I could
continue reading it and remain the same.”

--George Carlin

“Paul Krassner--confidant of Lenny Bruce, co-founder of the Yippies,
defiler of Disney characters, publisher of The Realist, and investigative
satirist extraordinaire. As soon as we decided to create the Huffington Post, |
knew I wanted him involved. His irreverence was just what the blog doctor
ordered.”

--Arianna Huffington

“Thanks to Paul Krassner for continuing to be the lobster claw in the
tuna casserole of modern America.”
--Tom Robbins

“Krassner loves ironies, especially stinging ironies that nettle public
figures. He would rather savor a piquant irony about a public figure than eat a
bowl of fresh strawberries and ice cream.”

--Ken Kesey

“T told Krassner one time that his writings made me hopeful. He found
this an odd compliment to offer a satirist. I explained that he made supposedly
serious matters seem ridiculous, and that this inspired many of his readers to
decide for themselves what was ridiculous and what was not. Knowing that
there were people doing that, better late than never, made me optimistic.”

--Kurt Vonnegut

“Mr. Krassner is an expert at ferreting out hypocrisy and absurdism
from the more solemn crannies of American culture.”

--The New York Times

“Krassner has the uncanny ability to alter your perceptions
permanently.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015033
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033422.txt,"From: Larry Visoski

Sent: 12/14/2018 2:59:21 PM

To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: NY

Jeffrey

Do you think NY on Monday is still possible?

I guess It makes sense to leave the G550 in PBI until Wednesday then fly it to Boca, Since Trump arrival
is Friday.,

Should I leave plane in PBI until Wednesday?

Thx
Larry

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033422
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015755.txt,"The Imitation Game

s an experiment, I am going to ask a student to spend a week in
A: locked room. The room is perfectly nice; it has a bed, a light, a

desk, some reading matter, oh, and we'll give him some washing
facilities too! Every now and then I post some food under the door to
keep him going, Pop-tarts and pizza (thin-crust) work well.

On the first evening a note is pushed under his door with a symbol
on it. The student puzzles for a while, then opens the book sitting on
the desk. The book says, “If you get a piece of paper with symbols on it
look them up and follow the instructions.” He looks up the symbols and
the entry in the book says, “Go to page 44, write down the third symbol
on a piece of paper then post it back under the door.” He follows the
instruction and is rewarded with another piece of paper, this time with a
larger set of symbols on it. Again he follows the instructions in the book
and posts his answer back under the door. This goes on for several days.
He is somewhat bemused, but it passes the time, and he diligently looks
up the symbols and performs all the complicated actions as instructed.

Meanwhile, I meet our new Chinese graduate student and explain
to her she needs to interview a potential translator for the department.
He has just come in from Hong Kong and there is a health scare, so we
have quarantined him in the lab room. He is bored and I have some
paper for writing messages. She writes “hello” in Chinese on a piece of
paper and posts it under the door.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015755
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031825.txt,"From: DAVID SCHOEN 
Sent: 6/15/2019 12:21:00 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: From Fox News - Jeffrey Epstein, registered sex offender, settles civil lawsuit and avoids testimony from alleged 
victims 
Importance: High 
I know it was an old piece but Fox is running it again today. 
The numerous young women who say they were sexually abused by 
wealthy, Clinton-linked financier Jeffrey Epstein no longer appear set to 
testify after a last-minute settlement was reached in a closely-watched civil 
lawsuit against the registered sex offender. 
https://www.foxnews.com/us/jeffrey-epstein-a-registered-sex-offender-settles-
civil-lawsuit-and-avoids-testimony-from-alleged-victims  
Explore the Fox News apps that are right for you at http://www.foxnews.com/apps-
products/index.html.  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031825 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023041.txt,"Date: Friday, March 4 2011 05:20 PM 
Subject: Re: Fwd: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell  
From: Alan Dershowitz___________________________________ 
To: Jeffrey Epsteir11.111111111111111111 
Privileged - Redacted 
Sent from my Verizon Wireless BlackBerry 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeeyacation@gmail.com > 
Date: Fri, 4 Mar 2011 08:37:01 -0800 
To: Alan M. Dershowitz 
Subject: Fwd: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell 
Privileged - Redacted 
----------Forwarded message---------- 
From: GMAX <gmaxl@ellmax.com > 
Date: Fri, Mar 4, 2011 at 8:28 AM 
Subject: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell 
To: J Jep <jeeyacation@gmail.com > 
Forwarded Message 
From: Mark Cohen 
Date: Fri, 4 Mar 2011 11:14:35 -0500 
To: NY Max <gmaxl@ellmax.com > 
Subject: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell 
FYI, following up on my email of this morning. Again, I have no intention of responding unless you direct otherwise. 
From: 
Sent: Friday, March 04, 2011 11:12 AM 
To: Brett D. Jaffe 
Subject: Ghislaine Maxwell 
Dear Brett Jaffe, 
I left you a telephone message earlier. The Mail on Sunday newspaper is running a story on Ghislaine 
Maxwell, Jeffrey Epstein, Prince Andrew and others this weekend. 
We urgently require responses from Ms Maxwell to the following questions. Our deadline is noon 
tomorrow. My telephone numbers are oi 
Annette Witheridge 
On behalf of the Mail on Sunday 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 023041 
1. says Ghislaine Maxwell offered her a job as a masseuse with Jeffrey Epstein when she was 
aged 15. Ms Maxwell led upstairs on her first visit to him at his Palm Beach house. Mr Epstein was 
naked on massage table. 
Ms Maxwell initiated a bisexual encounter during which Ms Maxwell rubbed her own breasts on Mr Epstein 
and directed to copy her. 
Please respond to these allegations and all others in the original Jane Doe 102 complaint. 
2. Ms Maxwell took part in numerous other sexual encounters involving her assistant 
and Mr Epstein. 
3. Ms Maxwell kept sex toys and costumes in the Palm Beach mansion and dressedEnprior to sex 
sessions with Mr Epstein. S Maxwell herself wore black vinyl during sex sessions with Mr Epstein. 
4. 
men. 
was paid between US $200 and $ 5000 US sex, depending on whether it involved travel and other 
5, was required to have sex with friends of Ms Maxwell and Mr Epstein, including Glenn Dubin, Les 
Wexner, Ehud Barak, former Senator George Mitchell and Stephen Kosslyn. 
6. Ms Maxwell introduced to Prince Andrew in 2001 at Ms Maxwell's London house where 
had sex with him. subsequently was directed to meet him at Mr Epstein's New York house where Ms 
Maxwell directed to sit on Andrew's knee with Andrew groped both girls. Ms 
Maxwell directed after this to have sex with Andrew. 
Ms Maxwell and Mr Epstein subsequently travelled with MM. to Little St James where she was directed 
to stage an orgy for Andrew and Mr Epstein during which she performed oral sex on 
them. 
7. was paid extra by Mr Epstein or his employees for these sexual encounters. 
8. Ms Maxwell knew age and laughed about it when she introduced her to Andrew. 
9. Ms Maxwell and Mr Epstein tried to persuade to bear his child. 
10. After sexual encounters with male friends of Mr Epstein and/or Ms Maxwell, Ms Maxwell and Mr Epstein 
would ask explicit questions about what went on. 
11. Mr Epstein's residences in Florida and New York had surveillance cameras that taped the sex sessions and 
taped 'M even in the bathroom. 
12. Ms Maxwell and Mr Epstein arranged for Ehud Barak to have sex with several girls, often at Mr Epstein's 
Palm Beach house. 
13. Ms Maxwell piloted President Bill Clinton in a helicopter to a dinner on Little St James where two brunettes 
Ms Maxwell, and Mr Epstein were at the table. 
14. Mr Epstein bought Ms Maxwell the helicopter, homes in New York and London and a Mercedes. 
End of Forwarded Message 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 023042 
- 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 023043 
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018077.txt,"Opportunities for a Better Tomorrow

Second Annual ""Battle of the Badges"" Charity Softball Game. 11:00 am. Tournament, family activities, K-9 demonstrations, health screenings, and
performances. Tickets from $10.00. MCU Park - Coney Island. Contact: Deborah Roman. info@obtjobs.org. (718) 869-6772.

Event address: 1904 ,. Fax: (718) 369-1518. Event web address:www.obtjobs.org/index.php/101.

Tags: Competition Fundraiser Reception Children Family Social Patron Civic.

Sunday, September 19, 2010

Actors Fund

Special Performance. 8:00pm. ""Promises, Promises"". Tickets from $61.50. Broadway Theatre. New York. Contact: Stephen
Joseph. sjoseph@actorsfund.org. (212) 221-7300.

Event address: 1681 Broadway, New York. Event web address: wwww.actorsfund.org.

Tags: Benefit Performance Fundraiser Social Patron Arts Performing Arts Arts Visual Arts Civil/Human Rights Family/Social Services Gay Rights
Health Aging Health AIDS Health Clinic Health Misc. Social Services Counseling.

Monday, September 20, 2010

POSSIBLE THREATS: UN Summit: Midtown
New York Public Library

President's Council Dinner. Cocktails and program. Invitation only. New York Public Library. New York. kKlaino@nypl.org. (212) 930-
0553.

Event address: Fifth Ave. & 42nd St., New York. Event web address: www.nyplL.org.

Tags: Dinner Lecture Arts Patron Social Patron Arts Libraries.

United Nations

Millenium Development Goals Summit Opening Day. Discussions. (Continues through September 22.). Speaker(s): Sec. Gen. Ban Ki-
Moon. United Nations. New York.

Event address: First Avenue at 46th Street, New York. Event web address:www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010/.
Tags: Discussion Lecture Industry Diplomatic Industry Political/Government Child Advocacy Civic Civil/Human Rights Health Misc.

SHARE - Self Help for Women with Breast or Ovarian Cancer

Seventh Annual ""A Second Helping of Life’. 7:00 am. Cocktails, dinner, silent and live auction. Honoring Joanne Minieri,Muriel Siebert. Tickets
from $300.00. Tables from $5,000.00. Pier 60. Contact: Beth Kling. bkling@sharecancersupport.org. (212) 719-0364.

Event address: Westside Highway between 19th and 20th Streets,. Noted attendees: Alex Guarnaschelli, Julie Reiner.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018077
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023259.txt,"etc). 18 debra and children ? current and future involvement . notifications etc. . new dynasty trust ? 19.
tax plan and dislosures gaming. foreign apollo and phaidon related . 20. investments rationalize incl
trading accouints .21. bank loans . rates ? ? terms etc. consolidate. plane boat houses. disclosures? 22
. consolidate and review and reduce the number of all bank accounts and legal entities. decanting
liquidating etc. . 23 all outside consultants? valuations etc. 24 review legal bills carefullly. 25. third
party responsibilty Bens house , alex films . etc.

Date: Tue, Nov 3, 2015 at 10:45 PM

Subject:

To: Melanie Spinella

okay, its time for you to decide how you would like to move forward. ( fyi get your money from the
1031 . the screw up is only one of many,) If you decide to move foward on decanting. phaidon, note
basis estate update , each requires many carefully orchestrated detailed steps. and precision . there are
hundreds of millions in saving if done correctly and a huge mess if not. Ifyou want me and my
colleagues to do it , oversee it paper it and guide it, you should tell me. It is a big undertaking . If not ,
ok .. Brad and your crew can do it. I will have no real further involvement apart from confirming the
outcome of my proposed structure, I will not risk the admonition of- they thought you said, they thought
you meant, they understood it to be. but they said you said, (ie ,l asked at our meeting that accounting
be done properly for bens house , what came back was ada thought that I meant that we needed to go
back to the 97 trust and give him a full third party accounting of where his money had gone??!! I kid you
not). I dont think brad should talk to jane heller without a fully fleshed out plan in place and even then it
should be you.

Date: Mon, Nov 30, 2015 at 11:21 AM

Subject: agenda

To: Melanie Spinella

1 fees, amount and to what entities when and responsiblitis. 2. gagosian idea to save a minimum of 10
mill and maybe more. 3. ican walk you through carlyns screw up, 50 % would have made little
difference and maybe made it worse . 4. we should have an all hands meeting with your family to talk
about art distribution on death. . 5. phaidon, decantings ( already firmly in progress ) loans. (alan )
pent. ( with follow up ) all part of same elegant transaction, 6 asymetric risk worth at least 50- 60 no
matter how you calculate. I can explain. 7 lets get the money issue out of the way once and for all. I
have my team set to start.

Date: Fri, Dec 4, 2015 at 8:07 AM

Subject: Fwd: moving forward

To: Melanie Spinella <3 ii >

I had forgotten that Alan was actually at the table when i explained my note deal to you. _—it was at the
end of the meeting described below. . as you will recall , not once , not even a peep did alan suggest
contemporaneously his hand in the crafting, in fact brad said it was an idea. that HE brad, HAD HAD ,
from the begiining . my emails between alan and I that you can read , further confirm authorship. Im sure
you recall the obnoxious tooting when alan said he agreed with my plan. .

Date: Mon, Nov 2, 2015 at 10:03 PM

Subject: moving forward

To: Melanie Spinella

I have mixed emotions about what transpired today. really, You saw first hand in nauseating detail
what i have been saying to you for quite a while now. —_Joslins answers were totally incomprehensible.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023259
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017344.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

This decision, disallowing even the most reasonable mistakes of fact in rape cases, opens up the
possibility of some very unjust results. To illustrate this, let’s go back to the filming of the movie,
Deep Throat, discussed in an earlier chapter.

Harry Reems had sex on camera with Linda Lovelace. Anyone watching the film*' can see that
she is consenting, both verbally and by her unambiguous actions. But it now turns out, at least
according to a book she wrote, that her apparent consent wasn’t real, that she was compelled to
pretend she was consenting by her husband’s threats to kill her unless she went forward with her
starring role in the movie Deep Throat. Under the extreme view expressed by some radical
feminists and accepted by the Massachusetts Appellate Court, Reems could be guilty of rape even
though his mistake of fact about her consent was entirely reasonable.

Or consider the following case I discuss in class. Among the group of American citizens in
California who come from the Hmong tribes in the mountains of Cambodia, there is a traditional
wedding ceremony for arranged marriages. The groom is supposed to go to the home of the
bride, where the father of the bride greets him at the door. The groom pushes the father aside,
finds the bride, and carries her, screaming and yelling, from her parents’ abode. He is supposed to
act like a young warrior, and she like a young virgin who wants to retain her status. It’s all
playacting, and part of the traditional wedding ceremony. In the case I teach, the young woman
didn’t actually want to go through with the marriage, and her resistance was not playacting; it was
real. But there is no reason that the groom would know this, so he took the bride home to his
house, and over her “resistance”, which he believed was feigned, he consummated the arranged
marriage. She then ran away and reported the rape to the police, who arrested the young man. I
asked my students how a case like this should be decided.

The class is generally divided, some argue that no always means no, even in the context ofa
traditional marriage ritual in which no is supposed to mean yes. Others argue that it would be

unfair to impose our values on a minority that has its own culture and traditions.

Another case that raised similar issues arose in the context of a college friendship that turned ugly.

5! T have never seen the entire film (see pages __ supra), but during the preview of a documentary about the film, I
saw excerpts from it.

257

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017344
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028066.txt,"Rabin’s closest aide, whom I knew well, was aware that Unit 8200 had
intercepts that laid bare the details, and left no doubt the murderers were from a
PLO group. He called and asked me to appear on a weekly television interview
program called Moked. It was hosted by Nissim Mishal: brash, incisive, and one
of Israel’s best-known broadcast journalists. I pointed out to the Rabin aide that
I’d never done anything like this before. But he insisted it would go well. He
briefed me on the questions I could expect, not just about the Achille Lauro but
the wider issue of Palestinian attacks, as well as Syrian President Hafez al-
Assad’s efforts to re-equip his air force after his losses in Lebanon. So I came to
the interview prepared. I brought audio tapes of the hijackers, and a large
photograph of the MiG-25s which the Syrians were seeking to acquire.

My appearance will not go down in the annals of great moments in
television. But at the time, very few Israelis even knew who I was, and I felt ’'d
done OK. I was surprised, however, when Rabin phoned the next day. “Ehud, I
didn’t see it. I was attending some event,” he said. But his wife, Leah, had
recorded the program. “I just watched it. I should tell you, I think it was
exceptional. You did a great job. It was highly important for us, for the army,
and, I dare say, for you.”

I was not sure what he meant by saying it might be good for me as well,
although a decade later, at the end of my army career, he would play the central
role into my entry into Israeli politics. It is true that there was also some politics
at the upper reaches of the military as well, especially around the choice of chief
of staff, and that Moshe Vechetzi’s term had only a year-and-a-half to go. But I
didn’t view myself as a serious candidate at this stage. Moshe’s own preference
seemed to be either Amir Drori, the head of the northern command during the
Lebanon War, or Amnon Lipkin, the veteran paratroop commander who’d been
with me on the Rue Verdun raid in Beirut. My own hope was that the nod
would go to any even closer friend of mine: Dan Shomron.

I had first got to know Dan well in the late sixties after Karameh, Israel’s
costly standoff with Arafat, when Fatah’s influence was in its infancy. We
exchanged impressions on what had gone wrong, and why? When I became
commander of Sayeret Matkal, we remained in touch, and he took a close
interest in all of our operations. We also crossed paths in the Sinai in the 1973,

218
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028066
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021007.txt,"Total Government (Federal + State + Local, including Military) Spending

Has Risen to 82% of Median Household Income”*, Up from 51% in 1967

Real USA Government Spending per Household and as Percent of Post-Tax
Median Annual Household Income, 1967 — 2010

$50,000 ----------- === += 22222 ee eee eee eee 100%

$40,000

$30,000 60%

$20,000 $i a it TELE LLL ao,

of Median Household Income (%)

$10,000 | at it SEE EELELLD oxo,

Total Government Spending per Household
($)
Government Spending per Household as %

$0 0%
1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

mam Real Government (Federal+State+Local) Spending per Household ($)
—— Government Spending per Household as % of Median Household Income (%)

Note: *Post tax. Real spending adjusted for inflation using BEA’s GDP price index, in 2005 dollars. Data source: Census Bureau,

P Bureau of Economic Analysis.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 331

Federal (Including Military) Spending Has Risen to 65% of Median Household Income”,

Up from 39% in 1967, Driven by Entitlement Spending + Interest Payments

Real USA Federal Spending per Household and as Percent of Post-Tax
Median Household Income, 1967 — 2010

$40,000 ---------------- 2-222 222 e eee nee ee ee ee eee ee eee een eee eee 70%

60%

$30,000 -------------- ++ - 22 nee neen  mg  -

50%
40%
| ae : E E p l | i | Tait I
30%
209
$10,000 - Hild ! : 4 | | i { ll I WEEE l i)
10%
$0 T T T T T T T T T 0%

1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
man Entitlement / Interest Payments / One-Time Real Federal Spending per Household
mam Real Federal Spending per Household (ex. Entitlement / Interest Payments / One-Time Items)
—— Federal Spending per Household as % of Median Household Income (%)

Federal Spending per Household ($)
Federal Spending per Household as % of Median
Household Income (%)

Note: *Post tax. Real spending adjusted for inflation, in 2005 dollars. Data source: White House Office of Management and

KP Budget, Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
(@E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 332

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021007
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027355.txt,"Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C1572DDB-DCF9-470E-AB3A- 9F 9DB4EBB2E5

Message: Did u tell him I'm coming for them

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/27/18 11:42:55 AM (554409775)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: E79A8028-88B6-441C-BF28-082891EECD47
Message: we'r
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/27/18 11:43:55 AM (554409835)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 4E6E82B9-67AF-46D4-AFF5-445DC1A3B253

Message: George son will take over. Soon.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/27/18 11:45:01 AM (554409901)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6FEB495F-1414-4413-87AF-64D0071 98!

Gl

FB

Message: the key is to get him to focus more on the arts.

Sender: ay

Time: 07/27/18 11:45:53 AM (554409953)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1O0F915DA-5EAE-4A5A-999E-6CA8B4265004

Message: George son a goofball-- I want a piece of georg

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com
Time: 07/27/18 11:46:31 AM (554409991)
Flags: 1085445

Ts Read: No

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027355
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019720.txt,"232 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

tell it to that can’t.” In the same vein, Poitras could hardly rely on
these five confidants not to tell her secrets (and Snowden’s) to others.
Hours after he was told, Greenwald told his lover, David Miranda,
about the source in great detail. He even asked him to evaluate the
source’s bona fides for him. Gellman, for his part, raised the matter
with a former high official at the Justice Department.

Moreover, as the intelligence world knew, Poitras was herself
a veritable lightning rod for attracting ex-NSA employees who
objected to some of its surveillance programs. In 2012, her previ-
ously mentioned filming in Berlin of NSA insiders could make her
communications of interest to intelligence services that wanted to
keep tabs on possible NSA dissidents.

Nor was Snowden himself overly discreet. It will be recalled that
he had also advertised his Tor-sponsored CryptoParty activities over
the Internet and supplied Runa Sandvik, who worked with Appel-
baum, his true name and address in Hawaii. Sandvik had no reason
not to share the identity of her co-presenter with others in the Tor
movement. Snowden, of course, had his girlfriend make a video of

© his presentation as well. He also bragged about operating the largest ®
Tor outlets in Hawaii. Even if his Tor software provided him with a
measure of anonymity, it was not beyond the ability of the world-
class cyber services to crack it.

Under Putin, Russia had built one of the leading cyber-espionage
services in the world. According to a 2009 NSA analysis of Russian
capabilities, which was obtained by The New York Times in 2013,
Russia’s highly sophisticated tools for cyber espionage were superior
to those of China or any other adversary nation. For example, inves-
tigators from FireEye, a well-regarded Silicon Valley security firm,
found that in 2007 Russian hackers had developed a highly sophis-
ticated virus that could bypass the security measures of the servers
of both the U.S. government and its private contractors. According
to one computer security expert, the virus had made protected Inter-
net websites “sitting ducks” for these sophisticated Russian hackers.
The cryptographer Bruce Schneier, a leading specialist in computer
security, explained, “It is next to impossible to maintain privacy and
anonymity against a well-funded government adversary.”

Nor has the Russian cyber service made a secret out of the fact that

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.indd 232 ® 9/30/16 8:13AM | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019720
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030983.txt,"From: Steve Bannon 
Sent: 12/6/2018 10:17:57 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: Alex Acosta update I Power Line 
Importance: High 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Robert Grusky 
Date: December 6, 2018 at 3:52:15 PM EST 
To: Steve Bannon 
Subject: Alex Acosta update I Power Line 
https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2018/12/alex-acosta-update.php  
Alex Acosta update 
Earlier this week, pedophile Jeffrey Epstein bought his way out of a lawsuit that would have 
given some of his victims the opportunity to testify about his predatory and criminal 
conduct. Victims never got that opportunity when Epstein faced criminal charges, because 
Alex Acosta___then the lead prosecutor, now the Secretary of Labor___let Epstein off with 
a ridiculously lenient sentence. Despite having committed hideous sex offenses with dozens 
of minors, Epstein received a sentence of 13 months in jail, during which he was often free 
during the day. 
Epstein's decision to buy his out of the civil lawsuit, one that he had the nerve to initiate, 
benefits Acosta. The trial would have provided non-stop headlines, coupled with frequent 
references to the sweetheart deal Acosta gave him. As Randy Schultz puts it, the trial would 
have been the occasion for a long overdue public shaming of Acosta. Now, he avoids this 
consequence. 
But this doesn't mean Acosta is out of the woods. He faces calls for his ouster from the 
Trump cabinet. 
Some calls are from the usual suspects. Michelle Goldberg of the New York Times has 
written a piece so obnoxious that it almost makes me want to see Acosta ride out the storm. 
But some conservatives are also advocating Acosta's departure. Concerned Women for 
America is a stalwart conservative organization. It describes itself, accurately, as ""focus[ed] 
on seven core issues: the family, the sanctity of human life, religious liberty, education, 
sexual exploitation, national sovereignty, and support for Israel."" (Emphasis added) 
> 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030983 
Its leader, Penny Nance, has called for Acosta's resignation. Noting that labor trafficking, 
which the Labor Department combats, is often conjoined with sex trafficking, Nance says 
that President Trump would not have nominated Acosta if reports fully describing Acosta's 
conduct in the Epstein case had emerged earlier. 
Sen. Ben Sasse has also weighed in. He sent a letter to the Justice Department asking it to 
investigate its treatment of Epstein, including the fact that the plea deal ensured that victims 
of the pervert would be denied the ability to comment on or object to the leniency of his 
sentence. Sasse is chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Oversight, 
Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts. 
Sen. Marco Rubio, a longtime supporter of Acosta, says it would be ""very troubling"" if 
political influence led to a light sentence for Epstein. In Rubio's view, and that of every 
rational person, Epstein ""should have been in jail for a long time."" Rubio added, however, 
that he will reserve judgment until he hears Acosta's side. 
That's fair. But so far, Acosta has provided no real defense for letting Epstein off so lightly. 
In public, at least, he is standing by his argument that the deal was a reasonable one and that 
this is old news. 
Previously, Acosta had a different defense. He cited ""a year-long assault on the prosecution 
and the prosecutors"" by ""an army of legal superstars"" who represented Epstein. This 
allegedly included ""defense counsel investigat[ing] individual prosecutors and their families, 
looking for personal peccadilloes that may provide a basis for disqualification."" In this 
account, the deal was made to relieve the pressure, while still getting a conviction. 
Acosta could hardly assert this explanation____i.e., that he wimped out___while seeking a 
cabinet position with the expectation of being appointed to more exalted jobs in the future. 
Nor is the explanation particularly plausible. Acosta isn't the first prosecutor to face a 
scorched earth defense. Ask Ken Starr about this. 
I don't doubt that Acosta regarded escaping the wrath of the defense team as a benefit of 
reaching the plea deal. But I don't believe this was incentive enough to cause him, in effect, 
to throw the case. 
What was the true incentive? As I wrote when this story broke, I think it was the same 
incentive that explains much of his conduct in public life___Acosta's desire to accommodate 
people he thinks can help him down the road. 
Which people? Probably the lawyers at Kirkland and Ellis, where Acosta had once worked. 
Epstein enlisted Ken Starr* and Jay Lefkowitz, both of Kirkland, for his defense team. 
Acosta reportedly worked out the terms of his surrender with Lefkowitz, a former colleague, 
at a meeting in a location far away from the prosecutor's office. 
The location of the meeting is itself suspicious. Prosecutors and other law enforcement 
officials normally demand that those seeking a deal come to them. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030984 
The fact that Acosta didn't is another sign___if one were needed___that this was a 
capitulation. It also casts further doubt on the claim that Acosta was capitulating for the 
purpose of sparing the folks who worked with him in the prosecutor's office. 
The key point, though, is that Ken Starr and Jay Lefkowitz were power players in 
Washington___men who might help Acosta down the road. 
Readers will be quite familiar with Starr's background. Lefkowitz was director of cabinet 
affairs and deputy executive secretary to the domestic policy council under President George 
H.W. Bush. Under President George W. Bush, Lefkowitz served as general counsel in the 
Office of Management and Budget and later as deputy director of domestic policy at the 
White House. 
Accommodating such influential figures must have seemed like a good career move. Having 
Starr and Lefkowitz on his side might help Acosta get a judgeship, a cabinet appointment, or 
a high-paying job back at Kirkland and Ellis. 
I'm speculating, of course. But my speculation finds support in Acosta's practice of 
accommodating the powerful. 
Much of that accommodation is of Democrats. Indeed, at the time Acosta was working in 
Miami as a U.S. Attorney, he had alienated some Republicans by such accommodation  
while at the Department of Justice. Some say he was on the verge of being fired when 
Attorney General Alberto Gonzalez parachuted him to Miami. The Epstein settlement was a 
way for Acosta to shore up his standing with some influential Republicans. 
Will Acosta be able to survive the current scandal? I don't have a clear sense about this yet. 
But President Trump, who isn't bashful about sacking cabinet members, may come to 
believe (if he doesn't now) that it's disadvantageous to have a cabinet member who sold out 
teenage victims of sexual abuse, especially when the sell-out benefited an ultra-wealthy 
serial offender. 
* Some on the left are trying to make something or the fact that Starr, who had investigated 
Bill Clinton in connection with sexual misconduct, later defended Epstein, a pervert. This is 
silly. 
In both instances, Starr was doing his job as a lawyer. Perverts are entitled to a defense and 
there is nothing hypocritical about investigating Bill Clinton's misconduct when that was 
Starr's job and later joining the team that was defending Jeffrey Epstein. 
Acosta, by contrast, was on the team seeking justice for Epstein and for his victims. He gave 
up this quest for reasons that can't be defended. 
Sent from my iPad 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030985 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031445.txt,"From: Michael Wolff 
Sent: 3/29/2015 4:22:30 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Today... 
Importance: High 
Ok. Talk at 5:00. 
On Sunday, March 29, 2015, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
ok, i need to run by lawyers, your sentene appears to read i nevefr met clinton or gore?? harsh about 
women, i thought we modified that. 
On Sun, Mar 29, 2015 at 12:08 PM, Michael Wolff < > wrote: 
In NYC or otherwise? Why don't we plan on talking then at about 5:00. 
On Sun, Mar 29, 2015 at 12:03 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
be back on land around 4 
On Sun, Mar 29, 2015 at 10:46 AM, Michael Wolff < > wrote: 
Have you read? When's good to talk? 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031445 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031446 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014002.txt,"2. Do not e-mail first thing in the morning or last thing at night.

The former scrambles your priorities and plans for the day, and the latter just gives you insomnia. E-mail
can wait until 10 A.M., after you’ve completed at least one of your critical to-do items.

3. Do not agree to meetings or calls with no clear agenda or end time.

If the desired outcome is defined clearly with a stated objective and agenda listing topics/questions to
cover, no meeting or call should last more than 30 minutes. Request them in advance so you “can best
prepare and make good use of the time together.”

4. Do not let people ramble.

Forget “How’s it going?” when someone calls you. Stick with “What’s up?” or “I’m in the middle of
getting something out, but what’s going on?” A big part of GTD (Getting Things Done) is GTP—Getting
To the Point.

5. Do not check e-mail constantly —“‘batch” and check at set times only.

I belabor this point enough. Get off the cocaine pellet dispenser and focus on execution of your top to-
do’s instead of responding to manufactured emergencies. Set up a strategic autoresponder and check
twice or thrice daily.

6. Do not over-communicate with low- profit, high-maintenance customers.

There is no sure path to success, but the surest path to failure is trying to please everyone. Do an 80/20
analysis of your customer base in two ways—which 20% are producing 80%+ of my profit, and which
20% are consuming 80%+ of my time? Then put the loudest and least productive on autopilot by citing a
change in company policies. Send them an e-mail with new rules as bullet points: number of permissible
phone calls, e-mail response time, minimum orders, etc. Offer to point them to another provider if they
aren’t able to adopt the new policies.

7.Do not work more to fix overwhelmingness— prioritize.

If you don’t prioritize, everything seems urgent and important. If you define the single most important
task for each day, almost nothing seems urgent or important. Oftentimes, it’s just a matter of letting little
bad things happen (return a phone call late and apologize, pay a small late fee, lose an unreasonable
customer, etc.) to get the big important things done. The answer to overwhelmingness is not spinning
more plates—or doing more—it’s defining the few things that can really fundamentally change your
business and life.

8. Do not carry a cell phone or Crackberry 24/7.

Take at least one day off of digital leashes per week. Turn them off or, better still, leave them in the
garage or in the car. I do this on at least Saturday, and I recommend you leave the phone at home if you
go out for dinner. So what if you return a phone call an hour later or the next morning’? As one reader
put it to a miffed co-worker who worked 24/7 and expected the same: “J’m not the president of the U.S.
No one should need me at 8 P.M. at night. OK, you didn’t get a hold of me. But what bad happened?”
The answer? Nothing.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014002
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026402.txt,"I am still beset by the ruinous instinct that the goal of communication ought to be mutual understanding. Joi is
right. Public communication is about reaching one's goals.

Bests,

Joscha

On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 12:42 AM, Joscha Bach > wrote:

Dear Jeffrey,

thank you for your support and encouragement, even where I fail.

Sorry for being such an embarrassment today. I will spell out today's argument a bit better and cohesive
when I get to it. Also, I should have recognized that the main point I tried to make would trigger Noam (who
was as always very generous, patient, kind and humble on the personal level, even though he did not feel like
conceding anything on the conceptual one). Almost all of Noam's work focused on the idea that humans have
very specific circuits or modules (even when most people in his field began to have other ideas), and his
frustration is that it is so hard to find or explain them.

I found Noam's hypothesis very compelling in the past. I still think that the idea that language is somehow a
cultural or social invention of our species is wrong. But I think that there is a chance (we don't know that, but
it seems to most promising hypothesis IMHO) that the difference between humans and apes is not a very
intricate special circuit, but genetically simple developmental switches. The bootstrapping of cognition
works layer by layer during the first 20 years of our life. Each layer takes between a few months and a few
years to train in humans. While a layer is learned, there is not much going on in the higher layers yet, and
after the low level learning is finished, it does not change very much. This leads to the characteristic bursts in
child development, that have famously been described by Piaget.

The first few layers are simple perceptual stuff, the last ones learn social structure and self-in-society. The
switching works with something like a genetic clock, very slowly in humans, but much more quickly in other
apes, and very fast in small mammals. As a result, human children take nine months before their brains are
mature enough to crawl, and more than a year before they can walk. Many African populations are quite a bit
faster. In the US, black children outperform white children in motor development, even in very poor and
socially disadvantaged households, but they lag behind (and never catch up) in cognitive development even
after controlling for family income.

Gorillas can crawl after 2 months, and build their own nests after 2.5 years. They leave their mothers at 3-4
years. Human children are pretty much useless during the first 10-12 years, but during each phase, their
brains have the opportunity to encounter many times as much training data as a gorilla brain. Humans are
literally smarter on every level, and because the abilities of the higher levels depend on those of the lower
levels, they can perform abstractions that mature gorillas will never learn, no matter how much we try to
train them.

The second set of mechanisms is in the motivational system. Motivation tells the brain what to pay attention

to, by giving reward and punishment. If a brain does not get much reward for solving puzzles, the individual
will find mathematics very boring and won't learn much of it. Ifa brain gets lots of rewards for discovering

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026402
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030997.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
Attachments: 
call back 
Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
5/29/2009 3:04:08 PM 
Re: Fw: (no subject) 
C2936214.jpg 
On Fri, May 29, 2009 at 10:02 AM, < 
> wrote: 
Discover the variety of Bisquick0 mix. Get Recipes & Savings Now.  
----------Forwarded message---------- 
From: Steven Elkman < 
To: undisclosed-recipients:; 
Date: Fri, 29 May 2009 09:58:45 -0400 
Subject: Fw: (no subject) 
Steven Munro Elkman 
Client Advisor 
Managing Director 
Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown 
A Division of Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. 
280 Park Avenue, 3 East 
New York, NY 10017 
The new GM (Government Motors) proudly introduces the 
2010 Obama 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030997 
This car runs on hot air and broken promises. It has three 
wheels that speed the vehicle through tight left turns. It comes 
complete with two Teleprompters programmed to help the 
occupants talk their way out of any violations. 
The transparent canopy reveals the plastic smiles still on the 
faces of all the ""happy"" democrat owners 
Version: 8.0.136 / Virus Database: 270.6.4/1615 - Release Date: 8/16/2008 7:11 AM 
Discover the variety of Bisquick® mix. Get Recipes & Savings Now.  
This communication may contain confidential and/or privileged information. 
If you are not the intended recipient (or have received this communication 
in error) please notify the sender immediately and destroy this 
communication. Any unauthorized copying, disclosure or distribution of the 
material in this communication is strictly forbidden. 
Deutsche Bank does not render legal or tax advice, and the information 
contained in this communication should not be regarded as such. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030998 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013779.txt,"Paulus, M.P., Gass, S.F., Mandell, A.J. (1989): A realistic , minimal “middle layer”
for neural networks. Physica D40:135-155

Paulus, M.P., Geyer, M.A. (1992) The effects of MDMA and other methylenedioxy-
substituted phenylalkylamines on the structure of rat locomotor activity.

Neuropsychopharmacology 7:15-31

Paulus, M.P, Geyer,M.A., Braff, D.L. (1994) The assessesment of sequential
response organization in schizophrenic and control subjects. Prog.
Neuropsychopharm. & Biol. Psychiat. 18:1169-1185

Paulus, M.P., Geyer, M.A., Braff, D.L. (1996): The use of methods from chaos
theory to quantify a fundamental dysfunction in the behavioral organization of
schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Psychiat. 153:714-717

Paulus, M.P., Geyer, M.A., Gold, L.H., Mandell, A.J. (1990) Application of entropy
measures derived from the ergodic theory of dynamical systems to rat locomotor
behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:723-727

Paulus, M.P., Geyer, M.A., Mandell, A.J. (1991) Statistical mechanics of a
neurobiological dynamical system: The spectrum of local entropies, s(a) applied to
cocaine-perturbed behavior. Physica A174:567-577

Pei, X., Moss, F. (1996) Characterization of low-dimensional dynamics in the

crayfish caudal photoreceptor. Nature 379:618-621

Peng, C.-K., Buldyrev, S.V., Goldberger, A.L., Havlin, S., Simons, M., Stanley, H.E.
(1993) Finite size effects on long range correlations: implications for analyzing DNA
sequences. Phys. Rev. E47:3730-3733

279

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013779
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019734.txt,"246 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

used in Hawaii to guide or assist Snowden, they would be put back
into sleeper mode. If any telltale traces had been left in chat rooms
or social media, they would be systematically deleted. Even more
important to the ultimate success of such a communications intel-
ligence coup, measures would be taken to conceal the extent of the
damage done by the “single point of failure” by not precipitously
closing down compromised sources. Snowden might believe that
the power of the information he held was so great that if disclosed
by him, all the NSA’s sources would immediately go dark in Russia
and China, but Russia might not wish to provide such clarity to its
adversaries. An intelligence service need not close down channels
it discovers are compromised by an adversary. Instead, it can elect
to continue to use them and furnish through them bits of sensitive
or misleading information to advance its own national interest. The
real danger here was not that the NSA’s “lights” would dramati-
cally be extinguished but that all the future messages illuminated by
those lights would be less reliable sources of intelligence. The game
of nations is, after all, merely a competition among adversaries to

© gain advantages by the surreptitious exchange of both twisted and ©
straight information.

To review: When the NSA asserted in the summer of 2013 that
over one million documents had been compromised, it was recog-
nizing the most massive failure in its sixty-year history. Not only
were NSA secrets taken, but secret files from the CIA, the British
GCHQ, and America’s cyber military commands had been compro-
mised. It was, as Sir David Omand, the former head of the British
GCHQ, described it, a “huge strategic setback” for the West. The
genie could not be put back into the bottle. There is not a reset but-
ton in this game. The best that the NSA could do now was damage
control while its adversaries took full advantage of the setback. Sev-
eral hundred U.S. and British intelligence officers worked around the
clock in Washington, D.C., Fort Meade, Maryland, and Cheltenham,
England, for months on end to determine which parts of the most
powerful communications intelligence system in the world could be
salvaged from what had been the Snowden breach.

Adding insult to injury, Snowden, speaking from his new perch
in Moscow, told applauding audiences that the entire purpose of

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r.indd 246 ® 9/30/16 8:13AM | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019734
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031451.txt,"From: Landon Thomas Jr. 
Sent: 12/8/2015 9:50:13 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Trump 
Importance: High 
Yes!!! 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Dec 8, 2015, at 4:43 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
would you like photso of donald and girls in bikinis in my kitchen. 
On Tue, Dec 8, 2015 at 5:41 PM, Thomas Jr., Landon_______________________ wrote: 
Now everyone coming to me thinking I have juicy info on you and Trump. 
Because of this. 
""I've known Jeff for fifteen years. Terrific guy,"" Trump booms from a speakerphone. ""He's a lot of fun to be with. It is 
even said that he likes beautiful women as much as I do, and many of them are on the younger side. No doubt about it --
Jeffrey enjoys his social life."" 
That story will never die. 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.  
html  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031451 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014016.txt,"testing it out for me while she was in Argentina).

*Skype—www.skype.com, Skype is a free software that allows you to talk for free via the Internet. You
can also use Skype with regular phones to make calls internationally for a low rate of about .04 cents a
minute. Skype also has video chatting capabilities and conference call capabilities for meetings. The
setup requires downloading the Skype software free) and buying a headset with microphone ($10) and
webcam ($ ranges) for each computer. I have tested this software with my sister and it works well for her
in Argentina and for me here.

*iStockphoto— www.istockphoto.com, iStockphoto is an Internet royalty-free image and design stock
photography website. This is one of the many sites I use to find photos for [company name]. We have
already used a few photos from this site for our marketing materials.

*Seminar Photo Contest—This contest was created by me and developed with Keri as an experiment to
collect more relevant and usable photos for our marketing and publication efforts. Since we have found it
to be a bit invasive to try and take the photos ourselves, we wanted to try a new approach to capture
photos for our needs. All participants of our Summer Seminars 2008 are able to submit photos they have
taken at their seminar with a chance to be rewarded with a $5 Amazon Gift Certificate for each image
we choose.

86. This video explains how and why I pack the items in the list that follows. Links for all items are
also included.

87. This company filed for Chapter 11 in June 2009.

88. For the exact breakfast, just serach “slow-carb” on www.fourhourblog.com or both “slow-carb”
and “Ferriss” on Google.

89. This has thankfully decreased to 2,000-—3,000 per week as of this writing.

90. This post is, of course, available on the blog for those who would like to copy and paste the rules
for their own use.

Living the 4-Hour Workweek

» CASE STUDIES, TIPS, AND HACKS

e » Zen and the Art of Rock Star Living
e » Art Lovers Wanted

e » Photo Finish

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014016
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026416.txt,"I noticed some time ago that Joi has remarkable public communication skills. He picks controversial, insight-
laden topics, but sanitizes them by carefully replacing the parts of content that would divide his audience
with symbolic messages that everybody can fill with their own content in a way that resonates with them.
The non-controversial parts will still be insightful. He manages to come across as very subversive, while
rarely offending anyone (except the hard scientists, that miss hard substance).

He also asks influential people and smart students or faculty to write parts of his essays and speeches for
him. This invests them in his success, especially because he is going to reward and acknowledge them. Very
few of his ideas are original, instead he is good at identifying and testing thoughts he reads or hears from
others.

I am still beset by the ruinous instinct that the goal of communication ought to be mutual understanding. Joi
is right. Public communication is about reaching one's goals.

Bests,

Joscha

On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 12:42 AM, Joscha Bach re wrote:

Dear Jeffrey,

thank you for your support and encouragement, even where I fail.

Sorry for being such an embarrassment today. I will spell out today's argument a bit better and cohesive
when I get to it. Also, I should have recognized that the main point I tried to make would trigger Noam
(who was as always very generous, patient, kind and humble on the personal level, even though he did not
feel like conceding anything on the conceptual one). Almost all of Noam's work focused on the idea that
humans have very specific circuits or modules (even when most people in his field began to have other
ideas), and his frustration is that it is so hard to find or explain them.

I found Noam's hypothesis very compelling in the past. I still think that the idea that language is somehow a
cultural or social invention of our species is wrong. But I think that there is a chance (we don't know that,
but it seems to most promising hypothesis IMHO) that the difference between humans and apes is not a
very intricate special circuit, but genetically simple developmental switches. The bootstrapping of cognition
works layer by layer during the first 20 years of our life. Each layer takes between a few months and a few
years to train in humans. While a layer is learned, there is not much going on in the higher layers yet, and
after the low level learning is finished, it does not change very much. This leads to the characteristic bursts
in child development, that have famously been described by Piaget.

The first few layers are simple perceptual stuff, the last ones learn social structure and self-in-society. The
switching works with something like a genetic clock, very slowly in humans, but much more quickly in
other apes, and very fast in small mammals. As a result, human children take nine months before their
brains are mature enough to crawl, and more than a year before they can walk. Many African populations
are quite a bit faster. In the US, black children outperform white children in motor development, even in
very poor and socially disadvantaged households, but they lag behind (and never catch up) in cognitive
development even after controlling for family income.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026416
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016248.txt,"Computer scientist Stuart Russell, along with Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Max
Tegmark, and numerous others, has insisted that attention be paid to the potential
dangers in creating an intelligence on the superhuman (or even the human) level—an
AGI, or artificial general intelligence, whose programmed purposes may not necessarily
align with our own.

His early work was on understanding the notion of “bounded optimality” as a
formal definition of intelligence that you can work on. He developed the technique of
rational meta-reasoning, “which is, roughly speaking, that you do the computations that
you expect to improve the quality of your ultimate decision as quickly as possible.” He
has also worked on the unification of probability theory and first-order logic—resulting
in a new and far more effective monitoring system for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test
Ban Treaty—and on the problem of decision making over long timescales (his
presentations on the latter topic are usually titled, “Life: Play and Win in 20 trillion
moves”’).

He is very concerned with the continuing development of autonomous weapons,
such as lethal micro-drones, which are potentially scalable into weapons of mass
destruction. He drafted the letter from forty of the world’s leading AI researchers to
President Obama which resulted in high-level national-security meetings.

His current work centers on the creation of what he calls “provably beneficial”
AI. He wants to ensure AI safety by “imbuing systems with explicit uncertainty” about
the objectives of their human programmers, an approach that would amount to a fairly
radical reordering of current AI research.

Stuart is also on the radar of anyone who has taken a course in computer science
in the last twenty-odd years. He is co-author of “the” definitive AI textbook, with an
estimated 5-million-plus English-language readers.

28

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016248
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015741.txt,"Mind over Computer 31

M. C. Escher’s Ascending and Descending (Penrose Steps)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015741
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033436.txt,"Best to stop obsessing.

Sent from my iPad

Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: i ITT

Follow me on twitter @lhsummers
www.larrysummers.com

On Mar 17, 2019, at 8:42 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

com

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033436
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018063.txt,"Closing Day. 10:30am. Featuring: Bobi / Boy Meets Girl / Caravan presented by Starbucks Frappuccino; SACHIKA presented by Alisa Maria;
bebe and bebe after party at Griffin. Invitation only. Metropolitan Pavilion. New York.

Event address: 125 West 18th St., New York. Event web address:www.elle.com/Runway/Fashion-Week-Style-360-Schedule3.
Tags: Fashion Event Fashion Show Exclusive Mix Industry Beauty Industry Fashion Industry Media Industry Retail.

Mercedes Benz Fashion Week

Vera Wang Show. 11:00am. Spring 2011 collection. Invitation only. Lincoln Center Plaza. New York. verawand@prconsulting. net.

Event address: West 65th St. and Broadway, New York.
Tags: Fashion Event Fashion Show Exclusive Mix Industry Beauty Industry Fashion Industry Media Industry Retail.

Hudson Union Society

Discussion Event. 1:00 pm. Speaker(s): Bill OReilly. Private Location.

Event web address: www.runmyclub.com/hudson/eventcalendar.asp?id=206 108.

Tags: Discussion Industry Government Relations Industry Media Social Patron.

Matthew Ames

Fashion Week Show. 1:00pm. Spring 2011 collection. Invitation only. Milk Gallery-Studios. New York. info@fashionhaus.com.

Event address: 450 West 15th St., New York.
Tags: Fashion Event Fashion Show Exclusive Mix Industry Beauty Industry Fashion Industry Media Industry Retail.

Mercedes Benz Fashion Week

Rosa Cha Show. 1:00 pm. Spring 2011 collection. Invitation only. Lincoln Center Plaza. New York. Contact: TJ
Allers. tallers@greatpress.com.

Event address: West 65th St. and Broadway, New York.
Tags: Fashion Event Fashion Show Film Supporter Industry Beauty Industry Fashion Industry Media Industry Retail.

Mercedes Benz Fashion Week
Bibhu Mohapatra. 1:30pm. Spring 2011 collection. Invitation only. Lincoln Center Plaza. New York.

Event address: West 65th St. and Broadway, New York.
Tags: Fashion Event Fashion Show Exclusive Mix Industry Beauty Industry Fashion Industry Media Industry Retail.

Mulberry

Fashion Week Presentation. 1:30pm. Spring/summer 2010 rtw collection. Invitation only. Soho House New York. New
York. request@kcdworldwide.com.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018063
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017350.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

“waste” a good tea bag that has at least one more good cup init. I’m not suggesting that reusing
tea bags is in any way analogous cheating on one’s taxes or committing other financial or sexual
crimes, but I am suggesting that people who have earned their money or fame by illegally cutting
corners will sometimes continue to do so, even though there is no longer a financial or other
rational need to do so. Old habits die hard, but they can also kill or at least wound those who
can’t break the illegal ones. This is not in any way to justify such continuing misconduct. Indeed,
quite the opposite, it is to condemn it—because celebrities have few excuses for their
misconduct—while at the same time trying to explain why it persists among some celebrities.

I have thought a great deal about what motivates famous and powerful people to act so self-
destructively. The celebrities who I represented and advised have faced a wide array of problems,
ranging from criminal charges, to loss of careers, to public humiliation, to custody fights, to
defamations and to physical threats. Some of the most fascinating stories I can never tell because
I learned them in confidence and helped resolve them without their ever becoming public. Most
have become matters of public record, and I am free to write about those and to offer my insights
about the famous people I have advised over the years and the problems they faced.

The question I am asked most frequently is: does being famous help a celebrity who gets in
trouble with the law? Or does it hurt? My answer is “yes.” Sometimes it helps. Sometimes it
hurts. Always it matters. One of the most important jobs a lawyer who represents famous people
has is to figure out how to turn his or her celebrity into an advantage rather than a disadvantage,
or at the very least to neutralize it (which is a near impossibility in our celebrity-driven world.) I
recall Claus Von Bulow once telling me that in England it’s all about “class and breeding,” while
in America it’s all about “fame and celebrity.” Before he became famous for being accused of
trying to kill his wife, Von Bulow couldn’t get a good table at certain posh restaurants despite his
wealth and social status, but when his name and face began to appear in every newspaper, he got
the best table in every restaurant.*?

8 This conversation suggests an important distinction between different types of celebrities and their relationship
to the legal process.

The first type consists of individuals who were already very famous before they got into trouble or before they
needed my legal advice. Among my clients who fit this category are OJ Simpson, who was among the most
famous football players in the country before he was accused of murdering his wife and her friend; Mike Tyson,
who was even more famous around the world, because boxing is an international sport; Mia Farrow, the actress
who had been married to Frank Sinatra and Andre Previn, and was involved in a bitter custody dispute with her
long time lover Woody Allen; Marlon Brando, Robert Downey, Jr.; Ben and Casey Affleck, Brook Shields; Martha
Sterwart; David Merrick, Frank Sinatra, David Crosby, John Lennon and several other actors, athletes and
entertainers. Also included in this category would be President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu, Israeli President Katzav, Senator Mike Gravell of Alaska, and Senator Alan Cranston of California.

A second category of celebrities that I have represented are those who were not well known to the public but whose
alleged crimes made them famous. Claus Von Bulow is a prime example of this phenomenon, as he made clear in
his conversation with me. Also included in that category, at least to some degree, are Michael Milken, the
financier; Conrad Black, the newspaper mogul; and Julian Assange of Wikileaks.

A third category would include people who were somewhat well known, but whose trial brought them considerably

more fame and/or infamy. Included in this category are Leona Helmsley, Abby Hoffman, Doctor Benjamin Spock,
William Kuntsler and F. Lee Bailey.

263

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017350
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015999.txt,"Creativity 309

ideas through patents, copyright, and trade secret is big business and
combines to form the practice of ‘intellectual property. Societies with
the best protection of intellectual property are often the most successful.
The USA is the unassailed leader, with Asian countries rapidly catching
up. Poor old Europeans have struggled with an almost unworkable
patent system for nearly 30 years; a genuine Europe-wide patent only
came into effect in 2013.

Creativity in the economy is now extremely important, and nothing
emphasizes the point more than the job market. During the 60s finding a
job was easy. There was an almost unlimited range of mechanical jobs on
offer. In the post-industrial age, almost all the mechanical jobs have gone.
Today we need to be experts in a field, able to solve problems creatively.
You can't expect to walk into a job and be profitably productive on the
first day. Finding a job is harder and the cost of employing someone is
greater.

Why did we Evolve Creativity?
Roger Penrose wonders why mathematical creativity evolved in humans
since it only became useful in ancient Greece a few thousand years ago.
He believes it must have been useful for something before this. But what?
David Deutsch thinks creativity developed to allow one human to
understand the thoughts of a fellow human being. We can't precisely
communicate the ‘programs’ we run in our heads. We are unable to
download a detailed thought and put it on a memory stick. He thinks
our creative capacity developed to help us pass skills from one to another.
The ability to paint and sculpt is an accidental by-product of this adaption.
It's my view we evolved creativity to deal with new situations
and puzzles in our daily lives. We use creative thought processes and
ingenuity to come up with novel solutions for when we can't rely on
programming or a store of rules. Otherwise, the very first unforeseen
situation could kill us!

Computer Creativity

Humans find creativity difficult. It requires peace and quiet, detailed
study and input of caffeine. How does a computer fare? I have argued
that computers cannot be creative above the logic limit, so this does not
preclude them from creating within the narrow confines of a particular
solution space. But a human still needs to set the rules for this space. The
level of creativity we should see from computers is convincing within

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015999
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021013.txt,"Review Unions: Government Employee Union Membership Rate =

5x of Private Sector Union Membership Rate & Rising

e More government (federal / state / local) employees belong to
unions (8 million) than did private sector employees
(7 million) in 2009.

e Government employee union membership rate of 37% is 5x

higher than private sector employee union membership rate of 7%
in 2009.

e Private sector union membership rate declined 180 basis points to
7% in 2009 from 9% in 2000, while government employee union
membership rate rose 50 basis points 37.4% in 2009 from 36.9%
in 2000.

KP Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 343

Review Unions: Union Membership Rates by Industry —

Government = 37% Unionized vs. Private Sector’s 2-22%

Union Membership Rates by Industry, 2000 - 2009 2009 Union Members (000)

— ee eo ”,”—o Government 8,407

——Transportation & Utilities 1,04
30% ---------------------------- +--+ == +--+ == 5-5-5585 —— Construction 826
: Manufacturing 1 257
a a —— Information 275
$ — Mining 58
F — Education & Health 1,664
F ——Wholesale & Retail 1,056
5 _ —Leisure 403
Other 154
—— Business Services 379
0% = Finance 138

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
KP Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
www.kpeb.com USA Ine. | What Might a Turnaround Expert Consider? 344

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021013
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028072.txt,"as a good time to settle down in a way that would be impossible if I stayed on in
the upper reaches of the military. Perhaps do something more academic, in a
university or a policy think-tank.

For the first time, politics had some appeal, too, though I didn’t say this to
him. At that point, I had no idea how, or even whether, I might get involved.
But since my appearance on Moked, others seemed to assume it might happen at
some stage. Out of nowhere, a leading political journalist, Hanan Kristal, had
written a story in 1986 purporting to predict the successors to Israel’s political
old guard: Peres and Rabin in Labor, Begin and Shamir in the Likud. It
appeared in the newspaper Hadashot. The paper ran side-by-side photos of the
ostensible future leaders, doctored to look older, who Hanan predicted would go
head-to-head in the election of 1996, a decade away. One was Israel’s
ambassador to the UN and a protégé of Misha Arens: Bibi Netanyahu. The other
was me.

Rabin listened with patience to my obviously settled intention to leave, but
remained firm that I should stay and become Dan’s deputy. In the end, I agreed
I’d think things over and that we’d talk in a week’s time. In the meantime, I
went to see two veteran generals who had found themselves in a similar
situation, mentioned as possible chiefs of staff but never chosen: Arik and Ezer
Weizman. I saw Arik on his farm in the Negev. He was obviously enjoying his
extraordinary political rehabilitation since the Lebanon war. His expanding girth
was settled into a sofa in the living room. I filled him in on my conversation
with Rabin. “I’m considering leaving,” I said. “It just seems like a long time to
wait, even if I do get the job after Dan. There’s a lot else I want to do in life.”
Arik was probably the general most experienced in being denied the chief-of-
staff's office. On at least two occasions, he might reasonably have been
considered. But in a career littered with tense encounters with his superiors, it
never happened. “You should stay on,” he said. You’re not that old. It'll
probably be good for you, and the army, to be deputy and then chief.” The only
further advice he gave me was to do all I could formally to commit Yitzhak to
making me Dan’s successor after his term ended.

I visited Ezer at his home in the seaside town of Caesarea. We sat on the
terrace, with Ezer’s gangly frame draped over one of the cane chairs. “Ehud, if
you stay, do you think you have a good chance of being the next ramatkal,” he
asked. I said that while nothing could be certain, I thought there was a good
chance. He replied without hesitation: “Then stay.” He’d come close to the top
job, he told me. On the eve of the Six-Day War, when Rabin had collapsed

224
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028072
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032728.txt,"From: Jonathan ‘areca
Sent: 3/2/2018 10:58:
To: jeevacation@gmail.com

Importance: — High

Hi Jeffrey do you think this is Smoot Hawley 2 which topped us into the depression Bloomberg just quoted
trump trade wars are good and easy to win thanks jf Somers is going to mar a lago lunch Saturday fund
raiser for djt

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032728
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031099.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 10/9/2009 5:24:34 PM
To: Michael J. Pike
Subject: Fwd: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein

a Forwarded message ----------

From: Darren Indyke iii:

Date: Fri, Oct 9, 2009 at 12:32 PM
Subject: Fwd: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein
To: Jeevacation <jeevacation@gmail.com>

Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: Howard Rubenstein iii.

Date: October 9, 2009 7:26:54 AM PDT

7: ie

Subject: FW: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein
Hi Darren:

I hope you are well.

Since we are no longer working for Jeffrey, ’'m forwarding this Daily News request to you so you can handle it as you see
fit.

Many thanks,

Howard

From: Rush, George (cil
Sent: Thursday, October 08, :

To: Howard Rubenstein
Subject: Daily News story on Jeffrey Epstein

Howard:

We’re working on a story for our Sunday column about Jeffrey Epstein. I thought I might send
my questions to you tonight, so you’d have them first thing tomorrow.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031099
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027341.txt,"Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/25/18 05:37:22 AM (554215042)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7F3F0052-9C65-451F-9B9E-7 9FDA460E0BE

Message: And if were kept outside hope Hicks could play an important role

Time: 07/25/18 05:51:53 AM (554215913)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 20045D/C-C9AA-4F69-AD45-A029387E98 64

Message: Hope wants back in

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/25/18 07:56:59 AM (554223419)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 083EB286-BBDB-4F7D-82B3-025C3C56ACD5

Message: #4 loyalty to friends

Time: 07/25/18 08:14:56 AM (554224496)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C1C5807D-0A08-485C-A6C8-O032AF5E1BEB6

Message: Amen. Will add that

Time: 07/25/18 08:15:00 AM (554224500)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: A3A1369E-1139-4A0C-BAF2-D173F0224FC0

Message: Waiting here

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 07/25/18 02:14:17 PM (554246057)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027341
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021775.txt,"Palm Beach Post Editorial #1

He was over 50. And they were girls
By Elisa Cramer
HASH(0x5fa474)

Friday, August 04, 2006

If the women whom Palm Beach police say a part-time town resident invited to his home
and paid for sex acts were, in fact, women, the solicitation charge against Jeffrey Epstein
might feel more sufficient. But, according to police records, they weren't. He was over
50. And they were girls. 14. 15.16.17-year-old girls. That should count for something -
the difference between prostitution and pedophilia.

So, it is baffling that Mr. Epstein, who was indicted last month by a grand jury on one
felony count of solicitation of prostitution, has not been charged, as Palm Beach police
strenuously urged, with unlawful sex acts with a minor and lewd and lascivious
molestation.

Conviction of crimes against minors would mean steeper penalties than the maximum
five-year prison term Mr. Epstein faces if convicted of the single count of felony
solicitation. It also would help carry a message of intolerance to perverts who prey on
girls.

Prosecutors did not pursue charges against Mr. Epstein reflecting the age of the victims
because they assumed a jury would view the girls not as victims but as promiscuous,
untrustworthy, willing participants. The presumption is offensive.

Mr. Epstein, a 53-year-old Manhattan money manager who has hired Harvard law
professor Alan Dershowitz and defense attorney Jack Goldberger, has denied knowing
how old the girls were. But police interviews with five alleged victims and 17 witnesses
under oath, as well as phone messages, a high school transcript and other items that
police found from searching Mr. Epstein's trash and 7,234-square-foot waterfront home,
provide evidence that he knew the girls were teenagers.

One girl couldn't show up when Mr. Epstein wanted because she had soccer. Another
time, Mr. Epstein had to wait for his ""massage"" session because the girl he wanted was
still in class.

Why didn't State Attorney Barry Krischer let a jury decide whether to believe the
teenagers - including a 16-year-old who went to Mr. Epstein's house to ""work"" in
December 2004 after being asked whether she needed to make money for Christmas
gifts?

Prosecutors gave greater weight to the details Mr. Dershowitz provided about the girls in

an apparent effort to assail their character. Mr. Dershowitz pointed out to prosecutors that
some of the teenagers had talked on myspace.com about marijuana and alcohol use.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021775
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027427.txt,"GUID: CB7302B8-B330-4D67-A9D3-835D2CFD71C7

Message: stable

sender:

Time: 09/23/18 05:51:55 AM (559399915)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3DD253E9-055D-4C55-978C-D8DA81B4EC1B

Message: Very Stable Genius

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 09/23/18 07:51:18 AM (559407078)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7E2366B8-82AC-4A26-9F49-962F6BBE017B

Message: bromwich no slouch.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 09/23/18 09:49:22 AM (559414162)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 4CA74CDA-2CCC-4FF2-8342-4F8038DCESBC

Message: you girlfriend is coming for lunch.

questions?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027427
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024567.txt,"16.5. Management Services Agreement

KLC is a party to a management services agreement with Knowledge Universe Limited LLC, one of our
affiliates controlled by the Principals, pursuant to which Knowledge Universe Limited LLC has agreed to
provide management, consulting and financial planning services on an ongoing basis to KLC and its
subsidiaries. In consideration of these services, KLC is obligated te pay Knowledge Universe Limited
LLC an annual management fee of $2.5 million payable in equal quarterly installments on the first day of
each calendar quarter in advance, effective January 1, 2005. However, in the event of a payment default
under KLC’s senior credit agreement or the indenture governing the notes, or a bankruptcy, liquidation or
winding-up of KLC, the payment of all accrued and unpaid management fees is subordinated to the prior
payment in full of all amounts due and owing under KLC's senior credit facility and the indenture
governing the Senior Subordinated Notes.

The management services agreement has a ten-year term which extends automatically on each
anniversary of the agreement for one additional year unless either party gives prior notice that the term
will not be extended. In addition, the management services agreement provides for the payment to
Knowledge Universe Limited LLC of customary fees for services provided in connection with
extraordinary services and reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, with limited exceptions.

16.6. KinderCare Acquisition Financing

Affiliates purchased a majority of the $250.0 million of senior subordinated bridge notes that we issued as
part of the financing of the KinderCare acquisition, which were repaid with the net proceeds of the Senior
Subordinated Notes. In connection with the KinderCare merger and related transactions, KLC paid
affiliates of KULG commitment fees, expense reimbursements and other amounts totaling approximately
$15.9 million.

16.7. Maron & Sandler

The law firm of Maron & Sandler serves as outside general counsel to us and our affiliates. Messrs.
Maron and Sandler are shareholders of Maron & Sandler. Mr. Sandler is a member of the board of
directors of KSI and is the General Counsel of KUE. Mr. Maron is a member of the board of directors of
both KLC and its parent, KSI. In addition, Mr. Maron holds an interest in an entity that holds common
stock of KSI. These shares of common stock amount to a less than 0.1% economic interest in KSI.

16.8. RFG Financial Group, Inc.

RFG Financial Group, inc., an entity controlled by Ralph Finerman, a member of the boards of directors of
KLC and Nextera Enterprises, Inc. and an officer or director of other privately-held affiliates of KLC and
Krest LLC, periodically provides financial consulting services to KULG and its affiliates. In addition, Mr.
Finerman holds an interest in an entity that holds common stock of KSI. These shares of common stock
amount to a less than 0.1% economic interest in KSI.

16.9. Purchase of EdSolutions, Inc.

In November 2004, one of KSI's affiliates acquired ES! in a cash merger transaction for $5.5 million, of
which $2.2 million was paid to another of our affiliates in respect of its preferred stock ownership in ESI.
Following the closing, the buyer contributed the stock of ESI to KSI in exchange for $5.5 million of
preferred stock of KSI, and KSI contributed ESI to KLC. In connection with the KinderCare acquisition,
KSI redeemed the preferred stock (including accrued dividends) for $5.6 million.

134

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024567
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022635.txt,"°

John H. Montgomery Jr. USMC (retired)
March 31, 2014 at 10:39 am — Log in to Reply

There’s more scum supporting him than righteous people against him. they know there’s awaits them. they
don’t care. people don’t care. They rather see Satan in the white house than a conservative.

————

22.

mystic] 1
March 27, 2014 at 2:09 pm — Log in to Reply

NO SURPRISE!!!. HIS OVAL OFFICE ESCAPADES WITH THE MUCH YOUNGER GIRL WAS PROOF
THAT HE LIKED “YOUNGER CHILDREN”. HE HAS ALWAYS BEEN AN “OLD SLOBBER DRIPPING
SEX MANIAC, PEDOPHILE. HIS WIFE LOOKS LIKE A COLD HARD, MIND WARPED, MURDERER
(BENGHAZ]) LESBIAN WHO JUST “STOOD BY HER MAN” TO HIDE HER SEXUAL PREFERENCE
WHILE CONNING AMERICANS AS IF THEY WERE SAINTS. ONLY THE DEMOCRATS AKA
DONKEYS/ ASSES (DEMS LOGO) FELL FOR THAT CON/CRAP BECAUSE THEY ARE THE MOST

THESE COMMIES AKA PROGRESSIVES ARE THE MOST DESPICABLE, LYING ANIMALS (OTHER
THAN THEIR PAL, THE COMMIE,NAZI, HITLER#2 MUSLIM TERRORIST THE WHITE HOUSE)
ALIVE.

THEY BOTH SHOULD BE IN PRISON (HER FOR MURDER (BENGHAZI, ETC.) AND HIM FOR
SEXUAL PERVERSION, PEDOPHELIA!!!(?) GOOD CRIMINAL DEMOCRATS.

CAN ANYONE IMAGINE THE SECOND HALF OF THIS CRIMINAL DUO BEING “PRESIDENT OF
AMERICA” AND CONTINUNING HER (THEIR) CRIME SPREES AGAINST AMERICA AND
HUMANITY, POLITICALLY AND PERSONALLY THAT THEY HAVE ENJOYED FOR MANY
YEARS????

A FEW “GOOD DEMS” ARRESTED THIS WEEK, CALIFORNIA NORTH CAROLINA, 4 OR 5 BLACKS
IN MASS.(?) THAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN ARRESTED FOR THEIR CRIMES OF BRIBERY, ETC. BUT
THE CROOKED ATTORNEY(?) THINKS IT WOULD BE “RACIST” AND SAID “NO”. (DEMS SURE
LIVE UP TO THE LOGO, DONKEYS/ASSES!!!!) IF THE BLACKS HAD BEEN WHITE AND GOP,
CONSERVATIVE, INDEPENDENT, ETC. THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN ARRESTED IMMEDIATELY
AND GO TO PRISON FOR MANY YEARS!!!! THOSE CRIMINAL DEMS AT WORK AS USUAL,
AGAIN!!!!

GOD BLESS AMERICA.

—————

23.
Linda

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022635
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016728.txt,"OGE Fonn 278 (March 2014)
Instructions for Part 6

Note: This is a public form. Do not include account numbers, street addresses, or family member names. See instructions for required information.

iler's Name Page Number
onald J. Trump

art 6: Other Assets and Income __ ;

ff [Description SSRI [Value lncome Type [Income Amount
'8leostonpatigiseamsr | | Stomr-stsco ||
cmoscmmaionmancersrow | Y | ——$1001-$15000 | eee.
luswankcash account CNA] Stsoot-ssooo ||
LORD ABBETT SHRT DUR INC-F3 |x [ stoor-sisoco | | —isi‘“‘;‘CsSCSCidC
JPM SHRT-INT MUNI BND FD - USO Py [ stscor-ssooo fT

ize]

=]

iS
fe]
<5

a=]

=<

SIX CIRCLES TAX AWARE ULTRA SHORT | *

AMERICAN FUNDS THE TAX-EXEMPT BOND FUND OF sissies

AMERICA

wi PY | stores fT
ISHARES BARCLAYS 1-3 YEAR TREASURY sia mei cis. raaa ana

27 METROPOLITAN WEST Total Return Bond-PLN RS ee
28 AQR MANAGED FUTURES STR-R6 : None (or less than $1,001)
LACKROCK HIGH YIELD PORTFOLIO

: ee
CHILTON STRATEGIC EUROPEAN EQUITIES FD None (or less than $1,001) Ld
S  amenican seAcon Gis Torainetwn-uira | | Neneoriessmansioon |

Nw i] tw No nN i) i=)
an & [Pry ho pases a

~<

<

None (or less than $1,001)

* J.P. Morgan is the sole Trustee. Donald J. Trump retains an income interest only in the Family Trusts and has no investment decision authority.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016728
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025679.txt,"Investment

Compared to Commodities, Bitcoin’s Market Price is Dislocated Management
Relative to its Marginal Production Cost Division

Oil, Gold and Bitcoin: Marginal Production Cost versus Current Market Price

8000 - = Marginal Production Cost Current Market Price
(% above marginal production cost)
4 $6,517
7000 (350%)
°
6000 |
5000 +
4000 |
3000 +
2088 9 $1,278 $1200-1700
(+50%) s,s,
¢

1000 | $850

0 4

Crude Oil (WTI) Gold Bitcoin

= Bitcoin tokens possesses no physicality, a criteria for traditional commodities.
= Compared to other commodities, Bitcoin’s market price stands far above its marginal production cost.
— Gold miners’ and oil drillers’ revenues stand 50% and 8% above their marginal production costs, respectively.

— Bitcoin miners’ revenue per bitcoin stands approximately 350% above their electricity expenditures.

(1) Peter C.B. Phillips, Shu-Ping Shi and Jun Yu, “Testing for Multiple Bubbles: Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P 500,” International Economic Review, Oct 28, 2015.

Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 16

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025679
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017436.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Summarizing my past: The major changes in my life

The questions I am most often asked by others—and sometimes by myself—are about significant
changes in my life and why they occurred. Going back to my teen years, the question is why I
changed, within a few short months, from a C and D student in high school to an A+ student in
college and law school. The change was dramatic and sudden—literally over the summer of
1955, between high school and college. What happened in those two months to change me from
being last, or close to last in a class of 50, to being first among the men (15 women were ahead of
me)!” in a highly competitive class of 2,000, and then first in a class of 170 even more
competitive men and women (only a handful) at Yale Law School? Was it me who changed, or
was it the schools?

It was both. I think I had begun to change during my last year in high school, but my reputation
among the faculty was so firmly established and so negative, that teachers simply couldn’t see past
it. Even when I got A grades on the statewide Regents exams, the teachers gave me Cs and Ds as
semester grades. My occasionally intelligent classroom comments were taken as ‘wise ass”
remarks. And some of my teachers even thought I must have cheated whenever I got a good
grade on a test. So I doubt it was possible for me ever to shine in a high school where my
favorite teacher insisted that I was “a 75 student” and would always be “a 75 student.” (I didn’t
quite live up to his expectations, graduating with an average below 75).

Moreover, my high school was a Yeshiva—a “parochial school” and I am not a parochial person.
I did not respect most of my teachers, and the feeling was obviously mutual. Creativity was
frowned upon. Rote memorization was rewarded. And “respect” for “authority” was not only
demanded, it was actually graded. I got a “U” for unsatisfactory. When I got to Brooklyn
College, creativity was rewarded, rote memorization frowned upon, and respect was something to
be earned, not merely accorded by the title of Rabbi. The same kind of creative and challenging
answers that got me Cs and Ds in Yeshiva earned me A’s in college and law school.

But there was more at work than a change of schools. I changed over that summer as well. I
went to a new summer camp as an assistant counselor, where I excelled and received praise for
my creativity as a song writer for “color war” and for my leadership skills. I had always been a
leader, even during my darkest days in high school, but the school rejected my leadership, fearful
that other students would follow me in my heretical ways. I always had an abundance of energy,
but it was—in the views of my high school teachers—misdirected.

That summer in Camp Maple Lake, I received confirmation of my talents, and the result was
heightened self confidence.

I also met a young woman and began my first serious romantic relationship, which culminated
four years later in my first marriage. Suddenly, I was “talented,” “attractive,” and “accepted.” It
was a great send off to college.

'? Because of the draft, men and women were ranked separately.

349

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017436
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031927.txt,"15

Saudi Arabia is a regional power with vested interests in the country,
and Russia and Syria enjoy historical relations, as well as arms deals.
It is these countries that now must be on the front lines of reform,
with the US largely working behind the scenes.

For the west, the most powerful and poignant moment in recent
months came when US ambassador Robert Ford travelled to Hama,
scene of protests, to show solidarity and monitor the regime’s actions.
His quiet move warmed usually hostile Sunni communities elsewhere
in the Middle East to America, while putting fear into the heart of the
tyrant himself. Such innovative, soft power strategies will do more to
help Syrian democracy than loud statements from the White House.
The most powerful pressure on Mr Assad so far, however, has been
from Al Jazeera’s Arabic coverage, which encouraged Syrians to take
control of their own destiny. This is surely right, for any long-term
change must come from within. Sadly, in the short term and in a
highly volatile region, at present Mr Assad remains the least worst
option.

The writer is a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations,
and author of The Islamist

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031927
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024244.txt,"For a period, one part of his activities, he says, was
recovering monies for countries looted by exiled
dictators or military strongmen. Then, in his telling, he
was representing a series of vastly wealthy people and
families—not just doing their bidding or their investing,
but helping them to navigate the ambitions of their
wealth. If they had big dreams before, it’s nothing to
what they can have now.

If early in his career he might have seemed like a
sort of George Peppard (there’s a physical resemblance)
in Breakfast at Tiffany’s, a charming hustler, later he’s
George Peppard in Banacek, a smart and astute operator.
At just about this point in the narrative, the
incredulity about Epstein began to circulate in social
circles. Epstein had acquired the major symbols of
wealth but without position, public holdings, or
obvious paper trails. His is a questionable substrata of
wealth, without institutional credentials or bona fides.
He’s a freelancer. That’s the rub: he doesn’t work for
anyone.

Sure, Goldman Sachs partners and tech geniuses,
they might have stratospheric wealth, but what to make
of a Coney Island, Zelig-like no-namer?

In 1994, just at the moment when Prince Charles
was on television acknowledging his love for Camilla
Parker Bowles, Jeffrey Epstein was sitting with his arm
around Princess Diana at a dinner at the Serpentine
Galley in London (Diana wearing her “revenge” dress
that evening). Graydon Carter, in his second year as

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024244
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026739.txt,"Few doubt that machines will gradually surpass more and more of our distinctively
human capabilities — or enhance them via cyborg technology. Disagreements are
basically about the timescale — the rate of travel, not the direction of travel. The
cautious amongst us envisage timescales of centuries rather than decades before
humans are overtaken or transcended by electronic intelligence — far transcending the
chemical and metabolic limits of ‘wet’ organic brains. These entities will then persist,
continuing to evolve, for billions of years. Moreover, the timescales for technological
advance are but an instant compared to the slow timescales of the Darwinian
selection that led to humanity’s emergence — and (more relevantly) they are less than
a millionth of the vast expanses of cosmic time lying ahead.

But we humans shouldn’t feel too humbled. Even though we are surely not the
terminal branch of an evolutionary tree, we could be of special cosmic significance
for jump-starting the transition to inorganic (and potentially immortal) entities,
spreading their influence far beyond the Earth, and far transcending our limitations.

Moreover, a planetary environment may suit us ‘organics’ — but interplanetary and
interstellar space may be the preferred arena where robotic fabricators will have the
grandest scope for construction, and where non-biological ‘brains’ may develop
powers than humans can’t even imagine.

And they could spread through the cosmos — interstellar travel isn’t daunting to near-
immortal beings.

Is there life out there already? Or is the Galaxy waiting for our progeny? We know
there’s nowhere in our solar system that harbours advanced life. However there may
be freeze-dried bacteria on Mars.

There may be creatures swimming under the Ice on Saturn’s moon Enceladus.

But let’s widen our horizons to the realm of the stars.

The prime subject-matter of the Carl Sagan Institute would have enthralled Carl.
We've learnt that most stars in the sky are orbited by retinues of planets, like the
Sun is . But the evidence is mainly indirect; we don’t observe the planet, but detect its
influence on the motion or brightness of the star it’s orbiting

The Carl Sagan Institute is specially interested in possible 'twins' of our Earth --

planets the same size as ours, on orbits with temperatures such that water neither
boils nor stays frozen.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026739
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015027.txt,"[These were continuing experimentations in reversed-engineered SERE; the agreed upon
techniques, taken from various regions of the world to be distributed to the various regions of the
world, had to be deemed not torture and this is where organizations like the APA stepped in, then
(during the Bush administration), and afterwards. See here for example: ""And | think, you know,
what’s really important in the debate going forward among psychologists is the extent to which
psychologists loaned their names and loaned their credentials and their Ph.D.s to this kind of activity
and essentially were used by the Bush administration to provide a kind of “get out of jail free” card for
the people who were, you know, doing these interrogations, because the logic, which | think Mark
had mentioned, is, you know, this circular logic. So long as there are trained psychologists from

the SERE program who are on site at these interrogations who are saying that these detainees can
withstand this treatment, are not being harmed psychologically, then it’s not torture. So, you know,
you've got this sort of [inaudible] tortured — tortured logic, which is the phrase that has come up, but
it’s this sort of self-justifying loop in which professionals are loaning their credentials to this kind of
activity. And you see the same thing in the Office of Legal Counsel, where you have, you know,
lawyers loaning their credentials to approving what are clear violations of the Geneva Conventions.""
(https:/Awww.democracynow.org/2009/4/21/the story of mitchell jessen associates )]

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015027
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033350.txt,"The post Three ways we know more indictments in Robert Mueller’s investigation are still
coming from other prosecutors appeared first on Palmer Report.

Read on »

Donald Trump makes bizarre new announcement about North
Korea, and no one can even figure out what he’s talking about

Daniel Cotter

The post Donald Trump makes bizarre new announcement about North Korea, and no one
can even figure out what he’s talking about appeared first on Palmer Report.

Read on »

Welcome to Donald Trump’s post-Mueller twilight zone

Bill Palmer

The post Welcome to Donald Trump’s post-Mueller twilight zone appeared first on Palmer
Report.

Read on »

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033350
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026893.txt,"From: Richard Kahn 
Sent: 10/15/2018 6:56:57 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: The Unsteady Undertow Commands the Seas (Temporarily) 
Attachments: The Unsteady Undertow Commands the Seas (Temporarily).pdf; Untitled attachment 572865.htm 
Importance: High 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
tel 
fa 
cell 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Judie Taylor < 
Subject: The Unsteady Undertow Commands the Seas (Temporarily) 
Date: October 15, 2018 at 2:36:30 PM EDT 
To: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026893 
Sunday Night Insight 
October 14, 2018 
The Unsteady Undertow Commands the Seas (Temporarily) 
Sharmin Mossavar-Rahmani 
Brett Nelson 
Maziar Minovi 
Andrew Dubinsky 
Michael Murdoch 
Mary Rich 
Chief Investment Officer 
Head of Tactical Asset Allocation 
Managing Director 
Vice President 
Vice President 
Vice President 
The 7.8% intraday peak-to-trough decline in US equities between September 21st and October 11th 
has rattled investor confidence. Numerous headlines of stock market ""carnage"" have further eroded 
their confidence. As a result, some of our clients have asked whether this drop signifies the beginning 
of the end of a nearly 10-year bull market. 
We do not think so. So far, this pullback is actually smaller than the two prior downdrafts we 
experienced in late January and in mid-March, neither of which derailed the US economy nor the bull 
market. The steady factors we highlighted in our annual Outlook—such as economic growth, benign 
inflation, robust earnings, and low probability of recession—have not dissipated. Furthermore, while 
the investor focus has shifted to the risks around the unsteady undertow, most of these factors are, 
on balance, less concerning today than they were at the beginning of 2018. 
Of course, that is not the case across all geopolitical concerns. While trade tensions with Mexico and 
Canada have abated, those with China have certainly deteriorated and will continue to do so for the 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026894 
foreseeable future. But, in aggregate, there has been more improvement than deterioration, in our 
view. 
In this Sunday Night Insight, we will provide a brief update on the steady factors and unsteady 
undertow. We then conclude with our view that the steady factors will likely continue to win this tug-of-
war between the two. 
Steady Factors 
While the headlines warn of equity market carnage, the facts do not support such alarming headlines. 
The S&P 500 is still up 5.1% on a year-to-date total return basis and financial conditions remain at 
easier levels today than they did when the Federal Reserve began this tightening cycle in 2015, 
despite the recent decline in equities and 0.76 percentage point increase in 10-year Treasury yields 
year-to-date. Most importantly, as highlighted by Federal Reserve Chairman, Jerome Powell, we are 
in ""extraordinary times"" of steady growth and low inflation. 
Economic Growth 
Economic growth remains firm in the US. Both the Institute for Supply Management leading indexes 
for manufacturing and non-manufacturing remain at very strong levels. Current activity indicators of 
real GDP growth average about 3.5% for the third quarter and closer to 4% for the fourth quarter. 
Forecasts for third quarter real GDP average 3.8% and fourth quarter forecasts are about 
2.8%. While growth is slowing from the 4.2% estimate of the second quarter, it is still forecast to be 
above trend and we believe a modest slowdown is certainly preferable to continued growth at a pace 
that was likely unsustainable and possibly even inflationary. 
In aggregate, the economic data since the intraday peak of US equities on September 21st does not 
point to any worrisome slowdown in GDP growth or the pace of employment. In fact, while the recent 
134K increase in non-farm payrolls was less than expectations, revisions to earlier months offset the 
modest headline miss and the unemployment rate still fell to 3.7%. Furthermore, this 134k increase 
is above the estimated sustainable level of employment growth based on population growth and 
changes in labor force participation, which our colleagues in Goldman Investment Research estimate 
is around 96k. Importantly, a modest slowdown in the 3-month average of non-farm payrolls, which 
currently stands at a very robust 190k jobs, is more likely to keep inflation in check. 
Robust Earnings and Buybacks 
Continued above-trend economic growth is supporting solid corporate fundamentals. While many are 
quick to dismiss this strength to US tax reform, it is only half the story. Earnings before interest and 
taxes (EBIT) expanded by a very healthy 12% in the first half of this year and are expected to grow by 
double-digits again in the third quarter. This robust organic profit growth is also fueling sizable 
corporate buybacks—a key source of equity market support. Our colleagues on the corporate 
buyback desk expect the highest dollar amount for buybacks on record in 2018, with $1tn in 
authorizations and $850bn in executed buybacks. 
Even so, such robust earnings growth has begun to foster concern that we have reached a peak in 
EPS growth. While we do expect the pace of growth to slow next year, a local peak in earnings 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026895 
growth has not signified an imminent peak in the S&P 500 historically. In fact, about 3/4ths of market 
peaks occurred more than two years after the peak in the growth rate of earnings. Moreover, stock 
market returns have remained healthy during this period, with high odds of a positive outcome over 
the subsequent 6-24 months (see Exhibit 1). In short, the market ultimately follows the path of 
earnings and while their growth rate may be slowing, their absolute level is still rising. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
Inflation and Interest Rates 
Inflation data has remained at relatively low levels for all of 2018, as shown in Exhibits 2 and 3. In 
fact, some of the most recent data released in October have ticked slightly lower. Average hourly 
earnings dropped to 2.8% from the prior month's level of 2.9%. Headline CPI dropped to 2.3% from 
2.7% and Core CPI ex-food and energy remain at a low 2.2%, unchanged from the prior month. The 
Federal Reserve's preferred inflation indicator, Core PCE, also remains low at 2.0% which is in line 
with the Federal Reserve's target, and unchanged from the prior month. 
While 10-year Treasury yields have risen by 0.76% (or 76 basis points) over the course of 2018, we 
do not think the resulting 3.2% yield is enough to derail US economic growth. Keep in mind that most 
of the recent increase since late August was due to stronger real growth rather than runaway inflation 
expectations. We expect interest rates to range between 3.0% and 3.5% in 2019 with a midpoint of 
3.25%, barring any major geopolitical conflicts such as one between US and China and or escalating 
conflicts in the Middle East. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026896 
Note: Average hourly earnings is available for the private sector starting in 2006 and is released 
in the monthly employment report. The BLS hourly earnings data for production and nonsupervisory 
employees, -80% of the private sector, is available back to 1964. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Haver. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Haver. 
Of course, the recent backup in interest rates is providing equity investors with another source of 
angst. Yet our work suggests there are several reasons why rates could continue to rise before 
becoming a material headwind for stocks. First, the 4% trend growth rate of nominal US GDP—
reflecting 2% real growth and 2% inflation—remains comfortably above the 10-year Treasury yield of 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026897 
3.2% (i.e. the cost of borrowing). Stocks typically struggle when the cost of borrowing exceeds the 
nominal growth of the economy (see Exhibit 4). Second, the recent backup in interest rates was 
driven primarily by improving real growth expectations, not higher inflation. This distinction is critical, 
because higher rates in response to improving real growth tend to benefit earnings sufficiently to 
overcome the downward pressure they place on valuation multiples. Finally, it will take a number of 
years before higher rates meaningfully impact aggregate S&P 500 interest expense, considering 91`)/0 
of S&P 500 debt is fixed-rate and only 13% matures over the next two years. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group. Bloomberg. 
Low Probability of Recession 
We continue to maintain a low, 10%, probability of recession driven by: 
• The positive trend of leading economic indicators 
• Low levels of inflation 
• The continued slow but steady pace of Federal Reserve interest rate hikes. We believe that 
Federal Reserve Chairman Powell's recent commentary indicates that the FOMC will continue to be 
driven by data and financial market conditions. Their stated goal is to extend this expansion 
""indefinitely."" While the Federal Reserve dots point towards four more interest rate hikes by the end 
of 2019, we do not think that such hikes materially increase the odds of a recession in an economy 
that continues to grow at levels that are generally regarded as above trend growth in the US. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026898 
Recent steepening of the yield curve. We have highlighted two measures of the yield curve as sign-
posts we watch as an early harbinger of a recession. Both have steepened since their lows, as shown 
in Exhibits 5 and 6. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
*""Near-Term Forward Spread"" is the implied 3-month forward yield 18-months from now. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026899 
Unsteady Undertow 
As market observers attempt to explain the recent drop in US equities, the risks of geopolitical factors 
have garnered considerable attention. Potential US retaliation over the recent disappearance of a 
Saudi journalist has only added fuel to the fire of worries given the risk that oil exports could be used 
as a political weapon in a world with tighter oil supply thanks to impending US sanctions on Iran. 
As we review the geopolitical developments of 2018, it is clear that some of the risks have abated 
while others have increased. With the exception of a significant spike in oil prices due to the impact of 
sanctions on Iran or any escalation in US-Saudi tensions, we believe that the net impact of these 
shifts is not material enough to derail the US economic expansion or bull market. 
Risks that have abated  
Mexico: the election of the left-of-center populist president (Andres Manuel Lopes Obrador referred 
to as AMLO) has reduced fear of a reversal of recent reforms. While concerns about fiscal profligacy 
and reverting to a nationalist energy policy that reduces oil production may reappear, AMLO does not 
take office until the end of the year. 
Brazil: The strong showing of Jair Bolsonaro, a law-and-order former army captain, in the first round 
of elections and the latest data that points to a 75% probability of Bolsonaro becoming the next 
president of Brazil has provided a boost to the Brazilian real. His current standing has substantially 
reduced the election of another left-wing worker's party candidate who would keep the status quo in 
Brazil. 
NAFTA: The agreement on a revised NAFTA deal between the US, Canada, and Mexico on 
September 30th meaningfully reduced the risk of the US withdrawal from NAFTA. While the new 
agreement, US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), has not been ratified by the Mexican and 
Canadian national parliaments nor by the US congress, and a divided congress after the mid-term 
elections may lead to some uncertainty, we believe it is likely to be ratified. 
US-EU Trade Friction: Tension between the US and European Union eased significantly after a July 
2018 deal between European Commission President Juncker and President Trump to ""work together 
toward zero tariffs, zero non-tariff barriers and zero subsidies on non-auto industrial goods"". The 
coast is not totally clear given the threat of auto tariffs, but we do not anticipate any significant 
increase in trade rhetoric in the near future. 
Risks that have increased  
China: The trade war with China continues to escalate and as we have stated before, we believe that 
it cannot be resolved simply by China importing more US goods. The issues range from: 
• A large and growing trade deficit with China 
• Industrial policies & unfair trade practices that reduce competition, such as subsidies and 
""dumping good at below-market prices"" 
• ""Made in China 2025"" policies which ""harm US companies"" 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026900 
• Uneven tariff rates and the banning of some US goods 
• Intellectual property theft 
• Forced technology transfer 
• Strategic US technology acquisitions 
• Outright cyber theft 
• Foreign ownership restrictions 
Recent headlines that the trade war may be escalating to a cold war are not without merit, as we 
believe that US-China relations are changing on a more structural basis and will have a longer-term 
impact. On a short-term basis, however, US exposure to China is limited with merchandise exports, 
corporate profits and foreign claims at about 1% of GDP. As seen in Exhibit 7, the Chinese equity 
markets have also deteriorated much more significantly than US markets in 2018. 
Of course, specific stocks with greater exposure to China through higher sales have underperformed 
the S&P 500 by about 6% since the latest tariffs were imposed on $200bn of Chinese products, as 
shown in Exhibit 8. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026901 
Note: High China sales basket is aggregated and defined by Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
Italy: Concerns about Italy have risen to peak levels since the election of a populist government in 
May and credit default swaps have increased to reflect these higher risks. The government's 
expansive fiscal plan, with a proposed budget deficit of 2.4% of GDP, may be rejected by the 
European Union commission and result in rating downgrades. While the EU is likely to manage this 
situation in its usual incremental and reactive way, the possibility of new elections in late 2019 
reigniting euro viability questions will keep Italy on our radar screens. 
BREXIT: It is hard to know whether Brexit risks are unchanged, higher or lower given the minute by 
minute headlines out of the UK. Our base case remains that while the internal politics of the 
Conservative party will keep uncertainty at elevated levels and the European Union will not 
compromise on its key tenants of free movement of goods, services, and people, the two sides will 
agree to a deal that defers the difficult choices on the shape of a final agreement with the EU until late 
2020. 
The Middle East: Risks in the Middle East have not changed substantially with respect to Iraq, Syria, 
or even the impositions of sanctions on Iran. However, the disappearance of the Saudi journalist who 
entered the Saudi Embassy in Turkey on October 2nd has the potential to raise risks to global oil 
supply. While there has been a global uproar, it is not yet clear whether the US will impose serious 
sanctions or Saudi Arabia would retaliate by reducing oil exports if the US finds sufficient evidence 
regarding the alleged killing of the Saudi journalist. The recession in 1973-74 was partly due to the 
quadrupling of oil prices due to the Arab Oil Embargo. Later in that decade, the Iranian Revolution 
and the Iran-Iraq War also led to a 2.5 times spike in oil prices that, along with Federal Reserve 
tightening by then Chairman Paul Volcker, led to a US recession. While we think it is unlikely that 
Saudi Arabia would react so aggressively in the face of serious US reprisals, we note that it remains a 
real risk. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026902 
Some Notable Observations 
US Equities Have Been Shunned All Along  
In both our 2018 Outlook and mid-year update, we highlighted the surprising absence of inflows into 
US equities based on flows into mutual funds and Exchange-Traded Funds. As shown in Exhibit 9, 
flows into US equities were negative in 2018, even before the recent downdraft. In fact, US equities 
have seen outflows of $81 billion through August 2018 (based on the most recent comprehensive 
data), while non-US developed equities and emerging market equities have had inflows of $72 billion 
and $20 billion respectively. This is further evidence of our view that while sentiment and short term 
positioning among speculators and hedge fund managers shifts frequently, more stable investors 
have shunned US equities during this long bull market in favor of other developed and emerging 
market equities and global bonds. 
This steady outflow of assets from US equities has been offset by record levels of stock buybacks by 
US companies given high levels of profitability and incremental cash from repatriation of overseas 
earnings, as mentioned above. 
Note: Based on ICI weekly estimates through August 30,2018. Flows exclude reinvested dividends. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, ICI. 
Some Headwinds Facing the FANG MAN Stocks Will Persist 
The basket of FANGMAN (i.e. Facebook, Apple, Netflix, Google, Microsoft, Amazon and Nvidia) 
stocks have dropped across the board from their respective peak price levels, with Facebook's 29% 
decline the largest and Apple's 4% decline the smallest among the group. Even so, each of the 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026903 
stocks, with the exception of Facebook, still have positive year-to-date returns and have outperformed 
the S&P 500, as shown in Exhibit 10. 
This is not a recommendation to buy or sell individual securities but rather an assertion that these 
stocks represent a small portion of S&P 500 earnings. Anyone looking to buy or sell single name 
equities should consult Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research. 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
Nevertheless, we believe that some of the headwinds that have plagued this sector will continue. 
These include: 
• Data privacy issues impacting a broad range of companies, including Facebook, Google, Twitter, 
Alipay and Tencent. 
• High likelihood of greater regulatory scrutiny in the US2 and Europe as policy makers increasingly 
believe that these companies will not address ""the privacy and security issues of social media 
users""3 on their own. 
• Increased focus by ESG investors (Environment, Social, and Governance) that many of the 
technology and social media companies are falling short on social and governance issues. 
While this basket of stocks may or may not lead the market in the future, it is important to note that 
they represent only 10% of S&P 500 earnings. 
Investment Implications 
The recent market downdraft has understandably rekindled fears that the longest bull market in 
history is coming to an end. While there are no certainties in investing, we do not think the odds 
support that conclusion based on our read of the steady and unsteady factors discussed above. Keep 
in mind that about 75% of historical US bear markets—defined here as equity market declines of 20% 
or more—have occurred during economic recessions. In fact, US equity returns have remained 
favorable until about five to six months prior to the onset of recession, highlighting the penalty for 
prematurely exiting the market (see Exhibit 11). With only 10% odds of recession over the next year, 
we think the economic backdrop remains favorable for stocks. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026904 
Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg. 
Of course, none of the supportive factors discussed above precludes further bouts of equity volatility. 
As we highlighted at the beginning of the year, the historical probability of a 5% or greater correction 
from current valuation levels was 96%. Yet these statistics alone do not justify underweighting 
equities, since such pullbacks often occur after sizable equity rallies, as this year reminds us. 
Moreover, such pullbacks are quite normal historically. After all, stocks have suffered a median of two 
pullbacks of at least 5% and one of at least 10% per calendar year in the post-WWII period, leaving 
both the frequency and magnitude of this year's dips in line with past experience. Most importantly, 
years that experienced a similar number of pullbacks as 2018 nonetheless ended with a median gain 
of 6% and had 77% odds of a positive return. 
Conclusion 
Although we have painted a less alarmist view of recent market weakness, we are by no means 
Pollyannaish. While bull markets do not die of old age, they do become more susceptible to ailments 
over time. Yet as we survey the tug of war between the steady factors and the unsteady undertow, 
we do not think the balance of risks is strong enough to topple the ongoing US expansion and the 
continued growth of corporate earnings it supports. 
That said, this viewpoint does not preclude further market volatility and the market may still make new 
lows if the current downdraft persists. But history suggests the bull market is likely to continue until 
about 5-6 months prior to the end of this economic expansion. Thus, it will take a significant increase 
in the odds of an imminent recession to provide the trigger—that has been lacking thus far—to 
tactically underweight equities. In the interim, we continue to recommend that clients maintain their 
strategic allocation to US equities. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026905 
Sources: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg, Datastream, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research, Haver. 
Endnotes: 
(1) Kate Davidson and Sarah Chaney, ""Fed Chair Powell Sees 'Remarkably Positive Set of Economic Circumstances,- The Wall 
Street Journal, October 3, 2018. 
(2) Statement by the Acting Director of FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection Regarding Reported Concerns about Facebook 
Privacy Practices, March 26, 2018. 
(3) 
Senator Mark. R Warner, Press Release, September 28, 2018 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026906 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026907 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026908 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010976.txt,"when our science hats are on. Even philosophy, in the Western tradition, leaves
revelation aside. A practical consideration is that debates of how God is likely to be
motivated to intercede have tended to find little consensus or traction. Science gets

some.

I tipped my hand on my own views in Chapter 1. As chairman of the Leakey
Foundation for more than 40 years, | pretty clearly buy evolution theory and
unguided natural casualty as working assumptions. But I invite those who don’t to
read further before deciding that we will disagree on conclusions. If] foresaw a
conflict with the devout, which | don’t, I would feel obligated to warn them now. I'll

bring this up again as we go along.

My next few axioms, lumped together, are a mortal and reproducing population
which competes, cooperates and freelances to act on convergent predictions. It acts
to satisfy convergent tastes in a world of limited resources. I will model the
population as human, although other species would do insofar as my axioms hold
for them. “Convergent” means non-identical from individual to individual or place to
place or moment to moment, but converging to norms with increasing scale in space

and time. Predictions converge to outcomes as well as to one another.

The point is that tastes and predictions must be convergent enough for markets to
form and hold. A market, as Becker knew, is where anyone makes any choice among
alternatives. A literal market is where a choice leaves a quantitative record. Markets
cannot form and hold if we cannot predict where to find them and what they supply
and when they are open. They cannot form and hold without some consensus that
what we predict they will offer includes something we want. Clothing stores can
work because our sizes and shapes fall mostly within standard ranges. Their
business would be in trouble if we did not agree in number and rough placement of
arms and legs and head. Restaurants can work because we can find what we want
on a finite menu. Most crucially, clothing stores and restaurants cannot hold unless

there is consensus on what their wares are worth in return. All this convergence

Chapter 3: Foundations 1/11/16 5

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010976
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026370.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026370
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029578.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 11/26/2018 3:26:46 PM 
To: Elisa New 
Subject: Re: invitation 
can you call me 
On Mon, Nov 26, 2018 at 10:32 AM Lisa New < > wrote: 
better? 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 7:06 PM Lisa New < wrote: 
okay.... let me revise with I and me in mind before I talk to you. 
Can I call you tomorrow am? 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 6:56 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
count how many times you say I or me? 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 7:30 PM Lisa New <W wrote: 
Jeffrey, 
How's this 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 11:05 AM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Needs edit. Start with id like you to join clinton ..eyc 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 10:52 AM Lisa New < 1> wrote: 
Dear Jeffrey, 
Here is an invitation you can forward. Fingers crossed. 
I'm going upstairs to hunt for my copy of Lolita, or will get on my kindle and reread on our way to 
Australia. I may have lent it to one of my kids. I would recommend reading My Antonia by Cather next 
time you're on a long plane trip. The prose is gorgeous, and the book has-- come to think of it-- similar 
themes to Lolita in that it's about a man whose whole life is stamped forever by his impression of a young 
girl. 
Thank you for this help with Serena. I'm so sorry about what happened with WA. I will keep the 
""bootleg"" episode and hope to release someday. It's so good, and he was so kind to read the poem with me 
and you were so kind to make it happen. 
Lisa 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029578 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029579 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029580 
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032486.txt,"From: Darren Indyke 
Sent: 2/17/2017 2:34:42 AM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: TR: TR: update 
Importance: High 
Privileged - Redacted 
Sent from my iPhone 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Etienne Binant <____________________ 
Date: February 16, 2017 at 9:29:08 PM EST 
To: Darren Indyke 
Subject: TR: TR: update 
Dear Darren 
I hope all is well 
can you let me know if the below modus operandi works for you? 
all the best 
De : Etienne Binant 
Envoye : mercredi 15 fevrier 2017 18:15 
A: Darren Indyke 
Objet: RE: TR: update 
Thanks Darren 
Good news! 
I'm under the impression that checks will be exceptional (they are more cumbersome to handle), and we will 
use mostly wires. 
Considering the time difference, my heavy travel and my own propension to do things at night and on week-
ends I would much prefer having an internet code and be able to organize everything online when I need to. 
When I use Interaudi (my US bank), they can do that, store the recurring beneficiaries, and do wires in 
multiple currencies, but I am not familiar with DB. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032486 
Of course, you could also have the same access and help me when needed. 
Also, your point about bookkeeping is mitigated by the fact that, in any case, I will also need to have someone 
keeping track of the receipts and inventory, before shipping proofs to you. In any case there will be need for 
some work on my side before final filing is done. 
On the other hand, if there is a ""checks and balances"" control issue, there could be a cap to my wiring powers 
(like the 10 K we discussed), that would be absolutely fine for me if this is the intent. 
Please do let me know. 
We can also talk about it (in Hawai now, free after 2 PM your time) 
In any case, this is good and happy news. I'll review the first list of payments over the week-end. 
Etienne 
De : Darren Indyke <I.> 
Envoye : mercredi 15 fevrier 2017 13:00:07 
A: Etienne Binant 
Objet: Re: TR: update 
There is $1mm in the bank account. We can prepare checks or wires for you to sign upon request. This way 
book keeping gets done at same time. Just send back up with each request. How does that sound? 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Feb 14, 2017, at 8:18 PM, Etienne Binant <I> wrote: 
Dear Darren 
Latest from JE (indeed, encouraging) 
Please let me know when account/wire are active, and how I can access internet banking and start the ball (in 
fact, it has started) 
all the best 
e 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032487 
De : jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Envoye : vendredi 10 fevrier 2017 18:40 
A: Etienne Binant; Lang, Caroline 
Objet: Re: update 
yes, lets start. . yes we are on. sorry with trump around its been very crazy busy 
On Fri, Feb 10, 2017 at 7:59 AM, Etienne Binant < wrote: 
Hi Jeffrey 
Happy to talk to you almost anytime today until around 3PM. Just tell me what number I should reach. 
Not sure what got lost in translation here: never had the intention to go to any art fair or art show or 
anything of the kind. 
All the artists we have in mind or send to you are people we have direct connections with. Not just their 
studio, but also their home. They are people the work of whom we follow, and many of them are already 
friendly (Arianna, Cali have had dinner or stayed home). 
The idea is absolutely to have an impact on the ecosystem and to make a difference by supporting great 
artists when they need it. 
Galleries references are important, because galleries allow artist to reach a broader audience. We would go 
directly to the source. 
This is why it's important for me to go to LA or Berlin (or elsewhere) because those artists are not rich yet, 
they dont travel so much. They belong to a scene, and it does make a big difference to them if you connect in 
person. 
The spirit is to have an impact on young, talented folks, and absolutely to stay at the source. 
Once again, not sure was drifted away from this in communication 
E 
De : jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Envoye : vendredi 10 fevrier 2017 12:32 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032488 
A: Etienne Binant 
Cc: Darren Indyke 
Objet: Re: update 
going to artists studio s much more appropriate , i think 
On Thu, Feb 9, 2017 at 9:49 PM, Etienne Binant wrote: 
Gentlemen 
I hope you are having a great week. 
In LA hoping to begin acquiring pieces: are we on? 
If not yet, when please 
thanks 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032489 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032490 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019052.txt,"—-—

Ir

Pursuant to a federal investigation regarding the sexual exploitation of minors,

ee JEFFREY EPSTEIN, was interviewed by the FBI. fionof minors | ng
information is recorded below:

Name:

Race:

Sex:

DOB:

Home Address:

Telephone:

Cellular Telephone:

Husband's Name:

Cellular Telephone:

b6
b7C

7 \

BIER NM 108062 Ye

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019052
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022405.txt,"﻿To whom it may concern:

I met Jeffrey Epstein half a dozen years ago.  We have been in regular contact since, with many long and often in-depth discussions about a very wide range of topics, including our own specialties and professional work, but a host of others where we have shared interests.  It has been a most valuable experience for me. 

In the area of his own direct engagements, I have learned a great deal from him about the intricacies of the global financial system, about complex technical issues that arise in the often arcane world of finance, and about specific cases in which I have a particular interest, such as the financial situation in Saudi Arabia and current economic planning and prospects there. Jeffrey invariably turns out to be a highly reliable source, with intimate knowledge and perceptive analysis, commonly going well beyond what I can find in the business press and professional journals.

Turning to my own special interests in linguistics, cognitive science, and philosophy of language and mind, Jeffrey constantly raises searching questions and puts forth provocative ideas, which have repeatedly led me to rethink crucial issues. 

We have also had (for me) very rewarding discussions on many other topics, for example the prospects for Artificial Intelligence, deep learning, multi-layered neural nets, automation and robotics, singularity, and related matters, exploring the claims and predictions and looking closely at the results that have been achieved, their intellectual contributions and social import.  We have also discussed many other issues, ranging from intellectual history, to world affairs and contemporary geopolitics, to foundations of mathematics, to such matters as recent discoveries about communication in the plant world.  He has also tried, so far with limited success, to carry forward my wife Valeria’s efforts to introduce me to the world of jazz and its wonders.  Whatever comes up, Jeffrey not only has a lively interest but also unconventional and challenging ideas and thoughtful suggestions.

Given the range and depth of his concerns, I suppose I should not have been surprised to discover that Jeffrey has repeatedly been able to arrange, sometimes on the spot, very productive meetings with leading figures in the sciences and mathematics, and global politics, people whose work and activities I had looked into though I had never expected to meet them.  Once, when we were discussing the Oslo agreements, Jeffrey picked up the phone and called the Norwegian diplomat who supervised them, leading to a lively interchange.  On another occasion, Jeffrey arranged a meeting with former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, whose record I had studied carefully and written about.  We have our disagreements, but had a very fruitful discussion about a number of controversial matters, including one that was of particular interest to me: the Taba negotiations of January 2001, in the framework or President Clinton’s “parameters,” events that remain obscure and controversial because the diplomatic record is still mostly secret.  Barak’s discussion of the background was illuminating, also surprising in some ways.  In very different areas, much the same was true in meetings Jeffrey arranged with evolutionary biologists, neuroscientists, mathematicians and computer scientists, several of them engaged in exciting work at the limits of understanding in their fields, sometimes with perspectives quite different from mine. More lively interchanges, in which Jeffrey was once again an active participant, often an effective gadfly.

The impact of Jeffrey’s limitless curiosity, extensive knowledge, penetrating insights, and thoughtful appraisals is only heightened by his easy informality, without a trace of pretentiousness.  He quickly became a highly valued friend and regular source of intellectual exchange and stimulation.

Noam Chomsky
Institute Professor (emeritus), MIT; Laureate Professor, U. of Arizona




"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025889.txt,"Nissen, chairman of cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic. “It’s very promising.”

But it will also be very expensive, say Troy Brennan, the chief medical officer of CVS Caremark, the giant
pharmacy benefits manager.“If these drugs are used as broadly as they could be used, they are going to be by far
the most expensive drug class,” Brennan says.

Praluent, an injection, lowers low-density lipoprotein, the so-called “bad cholesterol”, by as much as 60%, far
more than the statin drugs alone. It is the first drug to work by targeting a protein called PCSK9. Mutations in
the gene that makes it can result in patients having lower cholesterol and a dramatically lower lifetime risk of
heart attacks. A rival medicine from Amgen is also expected to be approved soon. The FDA is clearing Praluent
for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic condition that causes high cholesterol,
and for people who have heart disease, like those who’ve had heart attacks or strokes, who are already taking
the maximum dose of a statin they can tolerate.

Regeneron and its marketing partner Sanofi say Praluent will have a wholesale cost of $40 a day, or $14,600 a
year, for either of two doses, 75 milligrams or 150 mgs. It’s likely that insurance companies will get a
significant discount, because Amgen and Regeneron will compete by giving the insurers rebates.
Recommended by Forbes

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025889
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016700.txt,"OGE Form 27Ro(Manch 2014)
Instructions for Part 1

Note: This is a public form, Do not include account numbers, street addresses, or family member names. See instructions for required information.
Filer's Name J i :

Donald J. Trump

art 1; Filer's Positions Held Outside United States Government
i JOrganizationName City/State Organization Type [Position Held = From fe:
1, _| The Donald J. Trump Foundation, Inc. (inactive) NY __Director/President 02. 18,87/02,18.87 Present/11.13.2018

Page Number

Prior reports indicated that President Trump resigned the Director postion on W419/17. However, the resignation did mot take effect as the Foundation was in the process of dissolution, The position of President was inadvertently omitted on por reports.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016700
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023503.txt,"Article 3.

The Daily Star

Turkey’s model may be a slippery slope

Soner Cagaptay

April 18, 2011 -- The so-called “Turkish model,” in which an
Islamist party heads an ostensible democracy, has been touted in
recent weeks as the likely outcome in post-authoritarian Arab
countries.

Likely, maybe, but Turkey’s experience under the ruling Justice and
Development Party, or AKP, suggests that such a path may also be a
slippery slope.

The AKP does not aim to create a fundamentalist state in Turkey, but
the ruling party’s conservative policies might inadvertently lead to
precisely that. For several years the AKP has been transforming
Turkish society by making religion the moral compass of the
country’s body politic. This does not mean that the party wants to
turn Turkey into a theocracy. But once narrowly defined faith
becomes a guiding principle in formulating policy, fundamentalists
claiming ideological purity become more competitive politically.
Their demands for an even stricter implementation of religion-based
rules and values risk pushing Turkish society toward radicalization.
History teaches us that fundamentalists always defeat conservatives in
any competition for ideological purity. In the 11th century, the
religiously conservative Almoravid movement swept the Muslim
kingdom of Andalusia in reaction to its liberal ways, especially its
embrace of progressive thought and acceptance of non-Muslims.
Upon taking over Andalusia, the Almoravids enshrined their illiberal
interpretation of Islam as the moral compass of society.

But the Almoravids’ brand of conservatism was soon viewed as too
lax by Muslims who were even more fundamentalist. The Almohads

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023503
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025651.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 9/18/2015 6:30:01 PM
To: Lawrence Krauss
Subject: Re: an article you may both hate. or like.

Attachments: DA866543-7401-4A5A-8E50-FD32E33A50EC.png

Importance: — High

or we can visit him on his

On Fri, Sep 18, 2015 at 2:26 PM, Lawrence Krauss <_- wrote:
When I was with him yesterday I told him we were going to caribbean and he asked where.. He has an island
in bahamas, making you two the only people I know who own islands.. :) will ask him if he is free then. He is
remarkable in new movie, though the film itself is not fantastic.. he is also a pretty good guitarist.. his show
with alice cooper and joe perry in la was great.

Lawrence M. Krauss

Director, The Origins Project at ASU

Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative

Foundation Professor

School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department

Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404

Research Office Assistant (Jessica):
igi j thia);

origins.asu.edu | twitter.com/Ikrauss1 | krauss.faculty.asu.edu

. = =
RSU Origins
PREOGIECT

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

On Sep 18, 2015, at 9:08 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

you can invite depp to visit us when you are in the caribean

On Thu, Sep 10, 2015 at 4:10 PM, Lawrence Krauss < > wrote:
Ps. My piece argued against fanaticism.

Lawrence M. Krauss

Director, The Origins Project at ASU

Foundation Professor

School of Earth & Space Exploration and Physics Department
Arizona State - ae P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404

Research Office: , Assistant (Jessica): P

=_ Office cnt

origins.asu.edu | twitter.com/Ikrauss1 | krauss.faculty.asu.edu

<DA866543-7401-4A5A-8E50-FD32E33A50EC.png>
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 10, 2015, at 12:02 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025651
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021985.txt,"‘RSON

impact on his reputation and
ised to work with him. Other
Management, curtailed their
2015, Brunel filed his own
, denying that he had any role
g that Epstein had obstructed
ag his deposition taken in the
iad built against Epstein, and
‘unel’s links to Epstein’s activ-
ind cost him a great deal of

several e-mails from industry
»ts about placing models with
heir daughters coming to us
\ame and the agency name the
icking’!!” one correspondent

CHAPTER 32

Nadia Marcinkova: circa 2000

C2 has offices in New York City. But Jeffrey’s always in
motion—flying to his homes in New Mexico and the
Virgin Islands. Often to Palm Beach. Sometimes to
Paris. And when he comes home to New York he hosts parties
where important people—corporate titans, real estate tycoons,
university presidents, Nobel Prize-winning scientists, princes,
ex-presidents, and heads of state— mingle with beautiful women.
Some guests marvel in public: Who are these women? Where

do they come from?

Nadia Marcinkova comes from Slovakia. She looks like a

} model. But Nadia’s done very little modeling, if any. Instead she’s
_ become another of Epstein’s girlfriends.

According to statements given to the Palm Beach police, she’s

also served as a willing accomplice in Epstein’s sexual assaults
| On underage females.

129

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021985
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033378.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033378
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012191.txt,"pr,

ALLEN GUTHRIE MCHUGH & THOMAS, PLLC

Mr. John Roth
June 19, 2008
Page 9

A: Correct.
Q: You didn’t want Mr. Epstein to know that you were not 18 yet, right?

A: Correct.

fF (deposition) at 36.

In fact, Ms. bold Mr. Epstein that she was 18 years old, and confirmed this fact with
Palm Beach Police. Id. at 36. Beyond that, Ms. [EE “swore on her mother’s grave” that she
and Mr. Epstein did not engage in sex of any kind. NM Tr. (deposition) at 24. She further
repeatedly explained that prior to the time she went to Mr. Epstein’s house (she went there only
once), nobody ever tried to coerce her to engage in sexual activity with Mr. Epstein. Not over the
telephone, not over the Internet, not at all. {MT r. (deposition) at 31-32. These are not facts
upon which a federal case can stand.

Ms. [BBs age was also unknown to Mr. Epstein when she went to his home. |
| | who was introduced to Mr. Epstein by Ms] testified in her federal sworn interview
that Ms Bko1d her to lie to Epstein. See: Tr. at 8 (“she just said make sure you’re 18
because Jeffrey doesn’t want any underage girls’) (emphasis added). Ms. testimony
strongly suggests that Ms. HEMMicd to Mr. Epstein about her own age as well. Ms.
also self represented that she worked at a local erotic massage parlor that presumably required a
minimum age.

The conduct of re i: likewise illustrative of “mutually corroborating” testimony

which supports the fact that this is not an appropriate federal case. In the same way that Ms.

HE as referred to Mr. Epstein and brought to his home without having been introduced or

acquainted in any manner, Ms Mil@lliwas referred by someone else, | who also told
her to lie to Mr. Epstein about her age, which she did. .. at pp. 8-9).

CEOS seeks to buttress the USAO prosecution by asserting “it is possible to satisfy that
element [proof of specific intent as to the age of the alleged victims] with proof that the defendant
was deliberately ignorant of facts which would suggest that the person was a minor.” (CEOS letter
at p. 2). Such assertion is counter to the law and to the facts. Reliance on a deliberate ignorance
standard as to any of the three statutes in issue requires the factual predicate of an intent not to learn
of an incriminating fact. This is the antithesis of the factual context of this case where there is
repeated proof that the minors believed that they had to lie because Mr. Epstein had an actual
practice of attempting to verify age, and would not let them in his house if they were under the age of
18. See United States v. Kennard, 472 F.3d 851, 857-858 (11"" Cir. 2006), quoting, United States v.
Puche, 350 F.3d 1137, 1149 (11™ Cir. 2003) (An instruction on deliberate ignorance is appropriate
only if it is shown [among other things] . . . that the defendant purposely contrived to avoid learning

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012191
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026711.txt,"The Hoover Damon
the Colorado River,
Arizona, US

ir ; a Prt oe

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026711
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011498.txt,"— for the Jewish state Herzl had first dreamed of 50 years before — had been
won. A huge bonfire blazed in front of the bakery. All around us the grown-ups
were singing and dancing in celebration.

On the Arab side, there was no rejoicing. Every one of the Arab delegations
at the UN voted against partition, rejecting a Jewish state even if it was created
along with a Palestinian Arab one. Violence erupted the next day. An attack on
a bus near Lydda, near the road up to Jerusalem, left six Jews dead. Similar
attacks occurred around the country. Shooting broke out in mixed Arab-and-
Jewish towns and cities: Jaffa on the southern edge of Tel Aviv. Safed, Tiberias
and Haifa in the north, and in Jerusalem.

I followed all this with curiosity and trepidation through my halting attempts
to read Davar le Yeladim, the weekly children’s edition of the Labour Zionist
newspaper Davar. We children felt an additional connection with what was
going on. One of our Dror housemates, a boy named Giora Ros, had left the
year before when his father took a job in Jerusalem. As the battle for the city
raged through the end of 1947 and into 1948, its besieged Jewish residents
fought for their lives. We sent our friend packages of clothing and food, which
we saved up by eating only half of an egg at breakfast and smaller portions at
dinner.

The mood darkened further at the end of January 1948, four months before the
British departed. A cluster of settlements known as Gush Etzion, south of
Jerusalem near the hills of Bethlehem, also came under siege. Around midnight
on January 15, a unit of Haganah youngsters set off on foot to try to break
through. They became known as “The 35”. Marching through the night from
Jerusalem, they had made it only within a couple of miles of Gush Etzion when
they were surrounded and attacked by local Arabs. By late afternoon, all of
them were dead. When the British authorities recovered their bodies, they found
that the enemy had not simply killed them. All of the bodies had been battered
and broken. Rumors spread that in some cases, the dead men’s genitals had
been cut off and shoved into their mouths. Since I was still a few weeks short of
my sixth birthday, I was spared that particular detail. But not the sense of horror
over what had happened, nor the central message: the lengths and depths to
which the Arabs of Palestine seemed ready to go in their fight against us.
“Hit’alelu bagufot!” was the only slightly sanitized account we children were
given. “They mutilated the corpses!”

Even after the partition vote, statehood was not a given. In the weeks before
the British left, two senior Americans —the ambassador to the UN and Secretary

27
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011498
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026358.txt,"contents of this message is

prohibited.

--- On Thu, 4/23/15, Cathy Alexander i

wrote:

> From: Cathy Alexander
> Subject: Miles and Cathy Alexander and Little St
James island

> To:
> Cc: ""Miles Alexander"" )

> Date: Thursday, April 23, 2015, 2:21 PM

>

> To: Martin Weinberg, Esq.

>

> Dear Mr. Weinberg:

>

> J understand that you are looking for

> information regarding whether former President Clinton
and

> former Vice President Gore and his then wife, Tipper,
ever

> visited Little St. James. I was the Island’s

manager

> from 1999 through 2007 and lived on the Island with my
wife

> during that entire period. Regarding President

> Clinton, I will sign a sworn affidavit that I never met
the

>man. As far as I know President Clinton was never on
> the Island. He was never there while I was present

on

>the Island. If he had come to the Island while I was

> on holiday, my staff would have told me that President
> Clinton was on the Island while I was away. While I

> worked on Little St. James, I had been called back
from

> holiday many times to help when any guests visited the
> Island. So, if President Clinton had come to the

> Island while I was away, I would have been called back
to

> the Island for such a visit, and J never was.

> The same is true for Vice President Gore and his wife
> Tipper. I never met them and as far as I am

> aware were never on Little St. James during the entire
> period that I was the Island manager.

>

> Sincerely,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026358
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030080.txt,"21

What all this could also mean, however, is that the Syrian regime is
wrong in pursuing its salvation in foreign capitals. Ultimately, Assad,
his legitimacy in tatters, will have to win out against his own people.
That will not be easy, not when the president has had to order the
military occupation of several of his major cities. The regime’s
behavior is a daily insult to Syrians, one they will not readily forget.

Michael Young is opinion editor of THE DAILY STAR and author of
“The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account of
Lebanon’s Life Struggle” (Simon & Schuster), listed as one of the 10
notable books of 2010 by the Wall Street Journal.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030080
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026663.txt,"From: Richard Kahn 
Sent: 2/15/2017 7:04:23 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: Alert - TIC Form SHC Deadline Approaching 
Importance: High 
not sure if this applies to Leon 
The reporting threshold for Schedule 2 is $200 million in total fair value of all foreign securities owned 
by the SHC Reporter and not held with a U.S.-resident custodian 
r 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026663 
REGULATORY & COMPLIANCE ALERT 
FEBRUARY 15, 2017 
TIC Form SHC Deadline Approaching - Form Deadline is 
March 3, 2017 
The U.S. Department of the Treasury recently released a revised Form SHC. Form SHC, which is part of 
the Treasury International Capital (""TIC"") data reporting system, is the mandatory five-year benchmark 
survey of the ownership of foreign securities by U.S. residents. Absent an announcement of a delay 
from the Trump administration, the report is due to the Federal Reserve Board of NY (""FRBNY"") by March 
3, 2017 for data reportable as of December 31, 2016. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026664 
All U.S. resident custodians and end-investors with holdings of foreign portfolio securities above the 
reporting thresholds must report. In addition, all U.S.-resident custodians and end-investors that are 
notified by the FRBNY are required to file a report. 
The reporting threshold for Schedule 2 is $200 million in total fair value of all foreign securities owned 
by the SHC Reporter and not held with a U.S.-resident custodian. The reporting threshold for Schedule 
3 is $200 million in total fair value of foreign securities held with any one unaffiliated U.S.-resident 
custodian that is not a central securities depository. 
Custodians are all organizations that hold securities in safekeeping for other organizations. Most U.S.-
resident custodians also invest in foreign securities for their own account. U.S.-resident custodians 
should report both the foreign portfolio securities held in safekeeping for other U.S. residents and their 
own foreign portfolio securities. 
End-investors are U.S.-resident organizations that invest in foreign securities for their own portfolios or 
invest on behalf of others, such as investment managers/fund sponsors. This includes securities that are 
held-for-trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. U.S.-resident end-investors include, but are not 
limited to: 
• Financial and non-financial organizations 
• Managers of private and public pension funds 
• Managers/sponsors of funds, country funds, unit-investment funds, exchange-traded funds, 
collective-investment trusts, hedge funds or any other similarly pooled, commingled funds. Also 
managers/sponsors of private equity companies, venture capital companies, hedge funds and other 
private investment vehicles 
• Insurance companies 
• Foundations 
• Institutions of higher learning 
• Trusts and estates 
• Funds and similar entities that own shares or units of, or other portfolio equity interests in, 
a foreign related or non-related entity 
Form SHC is comprised of three schedules: 
Schedule 1 - Must be filed by all entities thati) receive a copy of the SHC forms and instructions 
from the FRBNY, or 2) are notified by the FRBNY that they are required to file the SHC report. 
Schedule 1 requests information that identifies the reporter. It also provides contact 
information, indicates the reporting status, and summarizes the data, if any, reported on 
Schedule 2 and/or Schedule 3. 
Schedule 2 - Used to report detailed information on foreign securities owned by U.S.-resident 
investors (1) that the reporter safe-keeps for itself or for its U.S.-resident clients or (2) for which 
the reporter directly employs foreign-resident sub-custodians or U.S.-resident or foreign-
resident central securities depositories (CSDs) to manage the safekeeping of those securities 
(Foreign securities in safekeeping with U.S.-resident CSDs are reportable on Schedule 2.) or (3) 
that are instruments of the type that there is no U.S. custodian to manage the safekeeping of 
those securities. 
Schedule 3 - Used to report summary amounts for all foreign securities entrusted to the 
safekeeping of a U.S.-resident custodian, excluding those entrusted to a U.S. - resident CSD. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026665 
Completed reports may be submitted to the FRBNY on paper or electronically through the Federal 
Reserve Reporting Central System. Additional information and a copy of the Form SCH are available 
here. 
If you have any questions regarding this Alert, please contact Dan Viola at dviola@sglawyers.com. 
Sadis & Goldberg LLP 
Please feel free to discuss any aspect of this Alert with your regular Sadis & Goldberg contact 
whose names and contact information are provided below. 
Alex Gelinas, 212.573.8159, agelinas@sglawyers.com  
Daniel G. Viola, 212.573.8038, dviola@sglawyers.com  
Danielle Epstein-Day, 212.573.8416, depstein@sglawyers.com  
Douglas Hirsch, 212.573.6670, dhirsch@sglawyers.com  
Erika Winkler, 212.573.8022, ewinkler@sglawyers.com  
Greg Hartmann, 212.573.8030, ghartmann@sglawyers.com  
Jeffrey Goldberg, 212.573.6666, jgoldberg@sglawyers.com  
Jennifer Rossan, 212.573.8783, jrossan@sglawyers.com  
John Araneo, 212.573.8158, jaraneo@sglawyers.com  
Mitchell Taras, 212.5738417, mtaras@sglawyers.com  
Paul Fasciano, 212.573.8023, pfasciano@sglawyers.com  
Ron S. Geffner, 212.573.6660, rgeffner@sglawyers.com  
Sam Lieberman, 212.573.8164, slieberman@sglawyers.com  
Steven Etkind, 212.573.8412, setkind@sglawyers.com  
Steven Huttler, 212.573.8424, shuttler@sglawyers.com  
Yehuda Braunstein, 212.573.8029, ybraunstein@sglawyers.com  
Yelena Maltser, 212.573.8429, ymaltser@sglawyers.com  
If you would like copies of our other Alerts, please visit our website at www.sglawyers.com and 
choose ""Library."" 
The information contained herein was prepared by Sadis & Goldberg LLP for general informational 
purposes for clients and friends of Sadis & Goldberg LLP. Its contents should not be construed as legal 
advice, and readers should not act upon the information in this Alert without consulting counsel. This 
information is presented without any representation or warranty as to its accuracy, completeness or 
timeliness. Transmission or receipt of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship 
with Sadis & Goldberg LLP. Electronic mail or other communications with Sadis & Goldberg LLP 
cannot be guaranteed to be confidential and will not create an attorney-client relationship with Sadis & 
Goldberg LLP. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026666 
Sadis & Goldberg LLP 1 551 Fifth Avenue, 21st Floor 1 New York, NY 10176 1 212.Q47.3793 
Copyright © 2017 Sadis & Goldberg LLP 
- 
Sadis & Goldberg LLP, 551 Fifth Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10176 
SafeUnsubscribeTM richarddavidkahn@yahoo.com  
Forward this email I Update Profile I About our service provider 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026667 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028817.txt,"InsightsPod

FINAN CING.......scssesssscscesesessessscesesssseesssecsssssessssessssesessesessssssessesessesesessesessssessssesessssessssesessesenses 15
Statements...........rccccccsscsssssssssessscssssssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssssesssssesesssessssssssssssssssesssessessosenes 17
AP POT IY sssissvesssssesvessnncnsscsswessvasenesvesnesvssuewenenarenivenmsnuenaNmNUsoTeR IRE ENS IiSNSSRKEaNANNETTANTNTORCENITD 20
Peery, reg Voges (Se ccesreeencecmeeacorneeececeienrcemenamenecencommnnscnemeacemcmcememmemcennacnne 20
Balance Sheet...........scscssssscssssssccecssssccsccsssessssescesssssscessecsscessesssssssessessssecsessasessessacscsecsesseseees 23
Cash Flow Statement ............cccscsssscsssssssssssessesssssscessscsscsssesscssssessessssessecsesescessessesessesseseees 26

| ii |

CONFIDENTIAL - DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains confidential, trade-secret
information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with
third parties without the express written consent of the plan author.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028817
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022254.txt,"Pyes told the author that Brunel “ranks among the sleaziest people in the fashion industry. We’re talking
about a conveyor belt, not a casting couch. Hundreds of girls were not only harassed but molested.” Now
The Daily Beast has learned that Epstein had made a $1 million wire transfer to Brunel’s offshore bank
account in September 2004, just as he was setting up MC2. Whether this was a gift or a loan ora
backdoor investment in the new venture is unknown. A French citizen who managed to avoid giving
evidence in the Epstein investigation, Brunel declined to comment on any of this, as does Fuller. Asked
in April of Brunel’s activities, Epstein said “I’m 100 percent convinced that he doesn’t traffic children.”
(Brunel has never been charged.)

An American fashion designer who booked her girls through MC2 says they were very young and very
beautiful; many were from Eastern Europe and spoke little English. A former bookkeeper in the agency’s
Miami office, who also arranged visas for girls traveling to the U.S., confirmed that MC2 girls became
frequent guests on Epstein’s private jets.

Pilot logs obtained in the civil suits show that some of the named plaintiffs were on the flight manifests.
Other times, the pilot would just list the other passengers plus ""female.”

Posted 02 August 2010 - 12:47 AM

Jeffrey Epstein, Jew Billionaire Pedophile, Child Trafficker Goes Free..WoW! 20 year old Hearsay is enough to destroy catholic priest. What happened here to

the justice system?

Conchita Sarnoff

http://www.thedailyb...hile- goes-free/

Conchita Sarnoff has developed multimedia communication programs for Fortune 500 companies and
has produced three current events debate television programs, The Americas Forum, From Beirut to
Kabul, and a segment for The Oppenheimer Report. She is writing a book about child trafficking in
America.

Hedge fund mogul and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, who went free this week, lived in a depraved world
of thrice-daily massages, pornographic artwork, and hush money—that’s only now being revealed.
Conchita Sarnoff follows up on her investigation of the legal wrangling that saved him from a long
prison term and reports on the sordid details in part two of her exclusive exposé. Also:

* Palm Beach’s police chief objected to Epstein’s “special treatment” and gave The Daily Beast an
exclusive look at his nine-hour deposition about the investigation.

¢ Earlier versions of the U.S attorney’s charges, including a sealed 53-page indictment, could have landed
Epstein in prison for 20 years.

* Victims alleged that Epstein molested underage girls from South America, Europe, and the former
Soviet republics, including three 12-year-old girls brought over from France as a birthday gift.

¢ The victims also alleged trips out of state and abroad on Epstein’s private jets, which would be
evidence of sex trafficking—a much more serious federal crime than the state charges Epstein was

convicted of.

* Epstein’s attorneys investigated members of the Palm Beach Police Department, while others ordered
private investigators to follow and intimidate the victims’ families; one even posed as a police officer.

* Then-Attorney General Alberto Gonzales told The Daily Beast that he “would have instructed the
Justice Department to pursue justice without making a political mess.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022254
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010786.txt,"OIA oO bw WN

189

airplane flights with Jeffrey Epstein. They have me
ona number of flights, none -- let me emphasize,
none within the relevant time period, none within
the relevant time period. That is, there are no
manifests that have me on Jeffrey Epstein's airplane
during the time that Virginia Roberts claims to

have -- falsely claims to have had sex with me.

So, yes, not only recall making that
statement, but | repeat it here today. And it ts
absolutely true. And it just confirms what I know,
and that is that Virginia Roberts made up the entire
story.

BY MR. SCAROLA:
Q. Your statement --

MR. SCOTT: What page are you reading

from?

MR. SCAROLA: Page 5.

Q. Your statement was that you were never on

a private airplane with this woman, which I assume
was a reference to Virginia Roberts, correct?

It is, yes.

Or any other underage girl?

. That's right.
All right. How many times --
Well, let me be very clear. [have no

190

idea who was in the front cabin of the airplane with
the pilots. Obviously what | intended to say and
what I say here now is I never saw an underaged
person on an airplane.

Now, when | -- when I flew with Jeffrey
Epstein to the launch, my recollection is that there

may have been a couple on the plane with their child

who was going to see the launch. But that was
certainly not the context in which | made the
statement.

I never saw any underage, young person who
would be the subject or object of any improper
sexual activities. Had I seen Jeffrey Epstein ever
in the presence of an underage woman in a context
that suggested sexuality, | would have, A, left the
scene; B, reported it; and, C, never had any further
contact with Jeffrey Epstein.

Q. You have also made the statement that you
were never on a private airplane with any underage
women or any young women, correct?

A. The context was underage women in a sexual
context. If it was a -- you know, a four-year-old
child being carried by her mother, that would not be
included in what | intended to say.

Q. Your sworn testimony yesterday, according

ow AO he WN

Ro
RF Oo oO

4,971.

to the transcription, the official transcription of
that testimony, was that, quote:

""Let me emphasize that the manifests that
do exculpate me do not shew me flying with Virginia
Roberts, they do not show me flying with any young
women.""

‘That was the testimony you gave under
oath. Do you stand by that testimony today?

A. The manifests that | saw corroborate my
own memory -- my own memory is as clear as could
be -- that I never saw any inappropriately aged,
underaged women on any airplane to my knowledge that
were visible to me at any time that I flew. That is
my testimony, yes.

Q. Well, that's not a response to the
question that J asked. Is it your testimony today
that you never flew on a private airplane with,
quote, “any young women""?

MR. SCOTT: Objection, form.

A. By young women, I obviously meant in that
context underage women. And underage women in the
context of sexuality. And, yes, I -- I stand by
that statement.

BY MR. SCAROLA:
Q. Allright. So your -- your clarification

wow oy DA WH & WY

NNN NN KD HPP PB Be oP ee oe OE
Oe WNP OM OY HD GH WN FO

192

of your earlier testimony is that you never saw any
young women in a sexual context?

A. That's not clarification. I think that's
what | initially said. That's what | initially
intended. And that's the way any reasonable -- any
reasonable person would interpret what my original
testimony was. So | don't believe my original
testimony required any clarification.

Q. So what you meant to convey by the
statement that you made when you said you never flew
with any underage girl or any young women was you
never fiew with any underage girl or young women in
a sexual context?

MR. SCOTT: Objection, form.
BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. Is that correct?

A. Let me simply repeat the fact and that is,
to my knowledge, | never flew on an airplane or was
ever in the presence on an airplane with any
underage woman who would be somebody who might be in
a sexual context. | say that only to eliminate the
possibility that some four-year-old was on the lap
ofa mother or somebody was on the airplane with
family members.

But, no, | do not recail -- and I'm very

4 (Pages 189 to 192)

www.phippsreporting.com
(888) 811-3408

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010786
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013037.txt,"6.7 Conclusion 121

CogPrime Int. Diag. .

Campument at Ditenseeam Int. Diag. Component
Procedure Repository | Long-Term Memory Procedural
Procedure Repository Working Memory Active Procedural
AeaomiatLe Episcdic Long-Term Memory Episodic

Memory
osoemlive Bplsedie Working Memory Transient Episodic
Memory
no correlate: a function not
Backup Store Long-Term Memory necessarily possessed by the human
mind
Spacetime Server Long-Term Memory Declarative and Sensorimotor
? ‘ no clear correlate: a
Dimensional

; tool for helping
Embedding Space multiple types of LT M
Dimensional

l lat
Binisedidiine deseut no clear correlate

Long-Term and

Blending ° Concept Formation
Working Memory
Long-T d
Clustering Ons erm an Concept Formation
Working Memory
PLN Probabilistic Long-Term and Reasoning and Plan
Inference Working Memory Learning/Optimization

MOSES! / Hilldiimbing| ,V°ne tem. and

: Procedure Learning
Working Memory

Long-Term and

World Simulation ; Simulation
Working Memory
Higa Bneomiang / Long-Term g Memory Story-telling
Episodic Encoding / . bai:
Recall Working Memory Consolidation
‘ ‘ no correlate: a function not
Forgetting / Freezing Long-Term and ;
. ° necessarily possessed by the human
/ Defrosting Working Memory :
mind
Cc t Fi ti d Patt
Map Formation Long-Term Memory cin in cccaaaaaaiaiils

Mining

Long-Term and
Working Memory
High-Level Mind

Architecture

Attention Allocation Hebbian/ Attentional Learning

Attention Allocation Reinforcement

P tual A iative M d
Attention Allocation Working Memory GREE PUN GE ASS OGIBEING SS OIDORY BD

Local Association

no clear correlate: a general tool for

High-Level Mind representing memory including
AtomSpace . .
Architecture long-term and working, plus some of
perception and action
Global Workspace (the high-STI
AtomSpace Working Memory portion of AtomSpace) & other

Workspaces

. Long-T d : .
Declarative Atoms ong Lorman Declarative and Sensorimotor

Working Memory

Long-Term and

Procedure Atoms ; Procedural
Working Memory
Long-T d
Hebbian Atoms a ia Attentional
Working Memory
Long-T d
Goal Atoms ons wenn an Intentional
Working Memory
. Long-Term and spanning Declarative, Intentional and
Feeling Atoms ; .
Working Memory Sensorimotor
High-L Mind
OpenPsi pie oe Nie Motivation / Action Selection
Architecture
OpenPsi Working Memory Action Selection
; High-Level Mind arrows between perception and
Pattern Miner . .
Architecture working and long-term memory
arrows between sensory memory and
Pattern Miner Working Memory perceptual associative and transient

episodic memory

arrows between action selection and

'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013037

"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013751.txt,"References

Aasen,T.,Kugiumtzis,D.,Nordahl,G. (1997) Procedure for estimating the correlation

dimension of optokinetic nystagmus signals. Comput Biomed Res. 30:95-116
Accardo, A., Mumolo, E.(1998): An algorithm for the automatic differentiation
between the speech of normals and patients with Friedreich's ataxia based on the

short-time fractal dimension. Comput Biol. Med. 28:75-89

Adler, R.J., Feldman, R.E., Taqqu, M. (1998) A Practical Guide to Heavy Tails;

Statistical Techniques and Applications. Birkhauser. Boston

Adler, R.L., Goodwyn, L.W., Weiss, B. (1977) Equivalence of topological Markov
shifts. Isreal J. Math. 27:49-63

Adler, R.L., Konheim, A.G., McAndrew, M.H. (1964) Topological entropy. Trans.
Amer. Math. Soc. 114:309-319

Adler, R.L., Marcus, B. (1979) Topological entropy and equivalence of dynamical

systems. Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 219:

Adler, R.L., Weiss, B. (1967) Entropy, a complete metric invariant for
authomorphisms of the torus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 57:1573-1576

Aftanas, L.|.,Lotova, N.V., Koshkarov, V.I., Pokrosvskaja, V.L., Popov, S.A.,
Makhnev, V.P (1997) Non-linear analysis of emotion EEG: calculation of

Kolmogorov entropy and the principal Lyapunov exponent. Neurosci Lett 226:13-16

251

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013751
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013989.txt,"2. Micromanaging and e-mailing to fill time Set the responsibilities, problem scenarios and rules, and
limits of autonomous decision-making —then stop, for the sanity of everyone involved.

3. Handling problems your outsourcers or co-workers can handle

4. Helping outsourcers or co-workers with the same problem more than once, or with noncrisis
problems Give them if-then rules for solving all but the largest problems. Give them the freedom to act
without your input, set the limits in writing, and then emphasize in writing that you will not respond to
help with problems that are covered by these rules. In my particular case, all outsourcers have at their
discretion the ability to fix any problem that will cost less than $400. At the end of each month or
quarter, depending on the outsourcer, I review how their decisions have affected profit and adjust the
rules accordingly, often adding new rules based on their good decisions and creative solutions.

5. Chasing customers, particularly unqualified or international prospects, when you have sufficient
cash flow to finance your nonfinancial pursuits

6. Answering e-mail that will not result in a sale or that can be answered by a FAQ or auto-
responder For a good example of an auto-responder that directs people to the appropriate information
and outsourcers, e-mailinfo@fourhourworkweek.com.

7. Working where you live, sleep, or should relax Separate your environments—designate a single

space for work and solely work—or you will never be able to escape it 84

8. Not performing a thorough 80/20 analysis every two to four weeks for your business and
personal life

9. Striving for endless perfection rather than great or simply good enough, whether in your
personal or professional life Recognize that this is often just another W4W excuse. Most endeavors are
like learning to speak a foreign language: to be correct 95% of the time requires six months of
concentrated effort, whereas to be correct 98% of the time requires 20-30 years. Focus on great for a few
things and good enough for the rest. Perfection is a good ideal and direction to have, but recognize it for
what it is: an impossible destination.

10. Blowing minutiae and small problems out of proportion as an excuse to work

11. Making non-time-sensitive issues urgent in order to justify work How many times do I have to
say it? Focus on life outside of your bank accounts, as scary as that void can be in the initial stages. If
you cannot find meaning in your life, it is your responsibility as a human being to create it, whether that
is fulfilling dreams or finding work that gives you purpose and self-worth—ideally a combination of
both.

12. Viewing one product, job, or project as the end-all and be-all of your existence Life is too short
to waste, but it is also too long to be a pessimist or nihilist. Whatever you’re doing now is just a
stepping-stone to the next project or adventure. Any rut you get into is one you can get yourself out of.
Doubts are no more than a signal for action of some type. When in doubt or overwhelmed, take a break
and 80/20 both business and personal activities and relationships.

13. Ignoring the social rewards of life Surround yourself with smiling, positive people who have
absolutely nothing to do with work. Create your muses alone if you must, but do not live your life alone.
Happiness shared in the form of friendships and love is happiness multiplied.

84. To avoid the living room and coffee shop as offices, consider using a social “co-working” space
on occasion: http://coworking .pbwiki.com.

The Last Chapter

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013989
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030767.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 4/27/2017 12:57:44 PM 
To: Michael Wolff 
Subject: Re: crown prince 
yes great 
On Thu, Apr 27, 2017 at 8:56 AM, Michael Wolff wrote: 
Was with Bannon last night who was saying how much Trump liked deputy crown prince: ""Real guy's guy, he 
loved him. Thinks they can do stuff together."" 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030767 
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016260.txt,"The third law states that any system simple enough to be understandable will not
be complicated enough to behave intelligently, while any system complicated enough to
behave intelligently will be too complicated to understand.

The Third Law offers comfort to those who believe that until we understand
intelligence, we need not worry about superhuman intelligence arising among machines.
But there is a loophole in the Third Law. It is entirely possible to build something
without understanding it. You don’t need to fully understand how a brain works in order
to build one that works. This is a loophole that no amount of supervision over algorithms
by programmers and their ethical advisors can ever close. Provably “good” AI is a myth.
Our relationship with true AI will always be a matter of faith, not proof.

We worry too much about machine intelligence and not enough about self-
reproduction, communication, and control. The next revolution in computing will be
signaled by the rise of analog systems over which digital programming no longer has
control. Nature’s response to those who believe they can build machines to control
everything will be to allow them to build a machine that controls them instead.

40

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016260
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015769.txt,"in person for their second negotiation session, this time at the

H6fdi House in Reykjavik. For five days, the leaders talked alone
except for interpreters. Reagan badly wanted to develop the Strategic
Defense Initiative; known by its nickname, ‘Star Wars. The idea was to
put smart weaponry in space that could destroy ballistic missiles before
they reentered the atmosphere. Reagan believed this would remove the
threat of imminent destruction that had hung over the world since 1945.
Gorbachev, on the other hand, felt this was just another escalation in
the Cold War, and the Soviet Union would be forced to build yet more
weapons to overcome the American defenses. He wanted Reagan's plans
shelved, arguing that it broke the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. He was
probably right. The leaders talked back and forth, unable to overcome
the impasse. At the end of the summit there was a mad scramble to
announce some sort of deal, but this proved difficult. In the last moments
before they had to conclude a communiqué, Reagan suggested they
abolish ai/ nuclear weapons. Reagan's negotiating team was horrified and
shut the door.

For decades, the American strategy had been to use nuclear
weapons as a deterrent against the apparent numerical advantage of the
Soviets. In all the potential scenarios analyzed by the Pentagon, Russian
forces ended up overrunning American forward positions — otherwise
known as Western Europe! The only way to stop them was through a
release of nuclear weapons, which, inevitably escalated to all-out nuclear

at.

[: the summer of 1986 Ronald Reagan and Mikael Gorbachev met

+

X

Ronald Reagan and Mikael Gorbachev

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015769
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023265.txt,"am concerned re brad taking barrys place re XXXX. In the beginning Barry will need to find and learn
ACCURATE .. org charts. books , balance sheets . trust valuations. are all a part. Barry will need 2
months to just get his arm around what is there , this is before any needed modifications.,

a way overdue re- fresh of your estate plan. . clats , trust. partnerships. grats. Ilcs. bank accounts ,
filing requirements. etc. the long awaited review of the brh tra and shareholders agreement to see how
they fit into new plan. . ""XXXXX"" planning. art partnership engagement .. , airplane re-do. , buying

another. .? boat sale , Miami sale. . TRADING ACCOUNTS. . three years overdue. . an
accounting system. fire john .. joslin stays for a year. or so. so does tom and . except for heather
everyone should be replaced withnew. . Sell Artspace and shut down regan arts. . rationalize. cash
flow reporting. cash mgmt. stock sales. sec irs. gaming. foreign reporting. the 8865 mess will take
months to review now. . you CANNOT file unreviewed audited documents. .CANNOT!!! _ this will
be very detailed work. . a self inflicted wound - all avoidable if professionals had been in place to limit .
or contain it. . . you will need 3 new hires .as there is no one in your office that is truly an A player. I
have great hope in Barry as you know. He will need to be trained. note

; One year is my guesstimate After 4 years of telling you , that you could do better than Halperin, : im
glad that you now are willing to follow barrys advice . I take no offense , in fact I take comfort in the
fact that after only one conversation with Barry you are now convinced to make that change . will take a
year or more.

I expect as a friend you will understand that

I will no longer , not even for one day , work on your affairs . without the compensation that is long
overdue. . your unilateral idea of after care , not imposed on any other professional , except me, not paul
weiss ,( caesars alone , a direct screw up on their part ) tom, akin, ,no one. needs toend.. you and I
had previously agreed no more of that , and this after you decided not to pay me per our agreement. to be
fair I can not say im surprised as you have email after email , stating that , if you save a great deal of
money, you wont want to pay , so limit it to 40m per year. - water under the bridge

If I can find the time to work , on your project , which is not by any means certain as I have said, I
hope you understand that it now will have to be under my standard terms and conditions. and well
documented so as to avoid any more of the he said she said. I never want to have any more
uncomfortable money moments with you , I find it very distasteful. . so to be clear , my terms are as
follows. I will only work for the usual 40 million per year. It needs to be paid, 25 million upon signing
an agreement . 5 million every 2 months thereafter for 6 months ie march may june . this can begin if 1
am able in January. I will immediately stop work , if the payment is not received. If you want me to
work this year until Jan 15, it will be 10 million. paid upfront. after one year you will be left with a
new estate plan a running office. staffed with professionals overseen by Barry. (hallelujah ) a tax plan .
and an investment that returns more than any painting you could possible own. _. no agreement - no
work. however - I of course will talk to Barry for the hour that i promised , and take your guidance as
to what I should say.

her the last two places. ?

To: Melanie Spinella i

Leon please read the attached proposed response to the IRS_, see if you can understand it !!!._ Ive asked
for are-do. and given prelimiary directions to Alan to have it edited over the weekend

If you are quarterbacking ,ok with me. just please let everyone know. you must deal with the
outrageous incompetence in your family office .. Alans words "" but I was told that.. , but I was told by
the office (sic) that ...., BUT 1 was told by joslin,. , but I was told by . "" why is leon blaming me for ..""

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023265
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017378.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

We were unaware of the pervasive poverty and deprivations — educational, economic, medical,
nutritional — that would make real equality impossible, at least in the near term, for so many black
people, even if legal inequalities were eliminated.

I should have known better even back then, especially after I twice travelled to the Deep South
occasions during the turbulent years of the civil rights movement. My first trip was in the early
1960s as part of a student group that was trained at the Howard Law School to be “observers.”
During that short visit I had little direct contact with local Black residents of the South. I did
meet several Black lawyers and civil rights workers, but they were generally from similar
backgrounds to my own. My second trip was by myself in the early summer of 1965, when the
Harvard Law School sent me to several historically black colleges in an effort to recruit students
for a special program we had instituted to help prepare minority students for law school. I
traveled to several Southern states and lived on the campuses of predominantly Black colleges for
several days. There too I met college students and professors, many of whom came from middle
class homes. I almost certainly met some students from deprived backgrounds, but they
appeared, in the context of a campus setting, no different from students with middle class
upbringings.

I also spent time at several southwestern colleges with Native American and Hispanic students. I
had insisted that our recruitment efforts not be limited to African American students and that they
should include other minorities and disadvantaged groups that sent few if any students to elite law
schools. Even back then, I felt uncomfortable having any decisions, even affirmative ones, based
on race alone. I believed then, and I believe now, that the ideal goal of affirmative action is to
level the playing field by providing a current advantage to individuals who were subject to past
disadvantages, in order to assure future equal opportunities to compete on the merits with
advantaged individuals. That is the theoretical ideal — individual justice to assure that each person
is judged by the quality of their character and other meritocratic criteria — but I soon learned that
in practice group factors inevitably come into play. The real issue is how to strike the appropriate
balance between the theoretical ideal and the practical necessities.

This issue came to the fore in a series of controversial Supreme Court decisions, in which I played
different roles. The first was the case of DeFunis in 1974.*’ The second was the case of Bakke in
1997,

The DeFunis case was brought by a white applicant to the law school of the University of
Washington, a state school, who had been rejected. He claimed that if he had been Black, he
would have been admitted under the school’s affirmative action program. The school did not
dispute this claim, but argued that it had the right to try to achieve “a reasonably representation”
of minority students.

The lower court ruled in favor of Marco DeFunis and ordered his admission. By the time the case
reached the Supreme Court, he had nearly graduated and the school told the justices that he
would be allowed to graduate even if the Supreme Court ruled against him. For that reason, the
High Court dismissed the case as moot, thus postponing the decision as to whether it would
uphold race-specific affirmative action programs. But Justice William O. Douglas, probably the

57 DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 U.S. 312 (1974).

291

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017378
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025137.txt,"destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025137
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014477.txt,"+1.0% after 3 months and +3.7% after 6 months. Subsequent returns were positive in
six of the eleven episodes and negative in the other five. Those stats are a little worse
than the comparable numbers for the full sample but don’t indicate that a bond yield
spike is definitively negative for equities.

Chart 40: Rolling 3-month change in bond yields and equities Table 3: Track record mixed for stocks following bond yield spike
Subsequent equity market returns following spike in bond yields (3m change >2.5SD}
100 ;
3m change in bund
yields hits peaks
>2.5SD Next 3m % Next 6m % Prior 3m %
90 10/06/1983 4.4 9.2 79
08/03/1985 5.3 10.2 11.1
02/03/1990 5.9 -6.9 -0.4
0 25/03/1994 -7.5 -4.7 -3.4
15/03/1996 4.7 7.0 49
09/07/1999 -3.6 9.8 3.7
22/08/2003 1.0 10.4 12.1
90 15/06/2007 -7.1 -6.1 11.1
13/06/2008 -8.1 -32.1 1.6
26/11/2010 6.0 3.7 7.2
-100 08/05/2015 -1.2 -5.6 5.9
Median return 1.0 3.7 5.9
% positive 55% 55% 82%
“150 Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg
01/10 01/12 01/14 01/16
———= German 10Y 3m chg (LHS, bp) ———MSClI Europe 3m chg %
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg
It matters why yields are rising — higher inflation breakevens key for stocks.
Digging a little deeper shows that the underlying dynamics in the bond market matter.
Essentially rising inflation breakevens is the key driver for equities. Even when real
yields are rising it is the change in implied inflation that has correlated most strongly
with equity returns in recent years. Looking at 4-week rolling returns since 2009, in the
periods that real yields rose Stoxx 600 returns were a median +1.7% if breakevens were
also higher at the same time. In contrast a combination of higher real yields and lower
inflation breakevens led to a median -0.7% return.
Chart 41: Inflation breakevens on the rise in recent bond market move Chart 42: Rising inflation breakevens the key for equities

25 Stoxx 600 4-week returns vs 4-week change in real
yields / inflation breakevens (since 2009)
2.0 2.0
1.5 15
1.0 10
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
-0.5
40 | ——German inflation linked 10y -0.5
1g = German 10y breakeven 410
O1M0 $0111 «O12 «0118. O14 O11 O16 Bund real >+0, b/even +ve Bund real >+0, b/even -ve
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg
18 European Equity Strategy | 01 December 2016 Bankof America 2

Merrill Lynch

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TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023069.txt,"﻿Equity Strategy Focus Point
Death and tax reform
Quantitative Analysis
29 January 2017 Corrected
Unauthorized redistribution of this report is prohibited. This report is intended for amanda.ens@baml.com
Deep dive on corporate tax reform
OK, maybe it’s not as inevitable as death and taxes, but some form of corporate tax
reform seems likely. It is a stated priority of President Trump and has widespread
Congressional support. We here focus on four components that could have big equity
implications. We assess the impacts at a market, sector, and industry level, and plan to
update and augment this work as more details come to light.
Potential near-term boost to EPS, long-term impact varies
Our 2018 S&P 500 EPS estimate of $137 already implies healthy two-year growth of +16%.
Tax reform in its entirety could add as much as $5-6 to near-term EPS, as benefits are frontloaded.
The sustained impact depends: under a 20% tax rate, the Blueprint would be
modestly accretive; under a 15% rate, this annual benefit could triple; but a 25% tax rate that
would appease the deficit hawks could shave $3.50 off of earnings each year. We also
estimate a one-time $8-9 charge to GAAP EPS associated with the repatriation tax (Table 1).
Cutting corporate tax rate could add $8 to EPS
Our starting point is the US statutory corporate tax rate. If it were lowered from 35% to
20% and the US moved to a territorial tax system (no longer taxing foreign profits), it
would boost S&P 500 EPS by an estimated 12% ($17 to 2018 EPS). We assume
companies would be able to retain half of the benefit ($8) and the remainder would be
passed on to customers or competed away. For instance, a lasting impact to Utilities'
profits is unlikely, as the benefit would be passed on via regulated pricing.
Repatriation: Buybacks could boost EPS by 3%
Both Trump and the Blueprint support a mandatory (as opposed to 2004's optional) tax
of overseas earnings of US firms’ subsidiaries at reduced rates. Non-Financials in the S&P
hold at least $1.2tn in overseas cash (mostly Tech and Health Care). If half was used for
buybacks, this could add 3% ($4) to S&P 500 EPS. A redux of 2004 where companies
used 80% of cash for buybacks may be less likely, in our view. For if repatriation is
accompanied by an end to interest expense deductions, companies may choose to pay
down debt over buybacks.
Border adjustment tax (BAT) hits EPS by $5-6
While Trump has described the BAT as being “too complicated,” White House press
secretary Spicer’s recent comments call into question his stance. This is a key
component of the Blueprint and would generate significant revenue. First-order impacts
could be significant, with border adjustments detracting $5-6 from 2018 EPS — nearly
80% of the drag comes from the consumer sectors. The second order impacts — product
pricing, pricing within the supply chain, exchange rates, foreign policy reactions, etc. —
while harder to quantify, are important to consider.
End to interest deductibility could detract 4% from EPS
We estimate that over time, the removal of the interest expense deduction would
detract about 4% from S&P 500 EPS. An increase in the cost of debt by an incremental
25% could have longer term ramifications for capital structures and funding..
Tax reform winners and losers
We include stock screens for potential beneficiaries and victims of tax cuts, repatriation
and interest deductibility changes, as well as industries most helped/hurt most by a BAT.
Note that the very fact that there are companies and industries that have the potential
to be very negatively impacted could call into question the likelihood of passage.
BofA Merrill Lynch does and seeks to do business with issuers covered in its research reports. As a
result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the
objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making
their investment decision.
Refer to important disclosures on page 26 to 27. 11706251
Timestamp: 29 January 2017 12:01AM EST
Equity and Quant Strategy
United States
Savita Subramanian
Equity & Quant Strategist
MLPF&S
+1 646 855 3878
savita.subramanian@baml.com
Dan Suzuki, CFA
Equity & Quant Strategist
MLPF&S
+1 646 855 2827
dan.suzuki@baml.com
Marc Pouey
Equity & Quant Strategist
MLPF&S
+1 646 855 1142
marc.pouey@baml.com
Alex Makedon
Equity & Quant Strategist
MLPF&S
+1 646 855 5982
alex.makedon@baml.com
Jill Carey Hall, CFA
Equity & Quant Strategist
MLPF&S
+1 646 855 3327
jill.carey@baml.com
Jimmy Bonilla
Equity & Quant Strategist
MLPF&S
+1 646 556 4179
jimmy.bonilla@baml.com
Table 1: Estimated impact of tax reform on S&P 500
2018 EPS
Tax policy 15% 20% 25%
Tax rate change 10.50 8.00 5.00
End int. deduct. – init. impact* -0.50 to -1.00 -0.50 to -1.50 -0.50 to -2.00
Border adjustments -4.00 -5.50 -6.50
Repatriation buybacks 4.00 4.00 4.00
Total init. Impact 9.50 to 10.00 5.00 to 6.00 0.50 to 2.00
End int. deduct. – recur. impact -3.50 -5.00 -6.00
Recurring impact 7.00 1.50 -3.50
One-time repat. tax -8.50 -8.50 -8.50
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, Compustat, S&P
*Assumes end to interest deductibility only applies to new debt, where we estimate
70-90% of debt is long-term.
Note: For this exhibit, we assume that 100% of the cash is repatriated and 50%
of it is spent on buybacks. For different buyback assumptions, please see the
section on repatriation.
Contents
The costs and benefits of tax reform 3
Cutting the corporate tax rate 4
Repatriation 6
Border adjustment tax analysis 12
Closing loopholes 15
No interest tax shield 17
Tax reform screens 19
Related BofAML research on US tax reform 22
Methodology 24
2 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
The costs and benefits of tax reform
2017 could be a watershed year from a tax reform perspective. Trump has continuously
stated that tax reform is a priority, and there is evidence of widespread support in
Congress. Tax reform could be enacted through reconciliation without the risk of being
filibustered, suggesting the timing could be imminent. Corporate tax reform could have
a significant impact on S&P 500 earnings, corporate behavior and capital markets. Much
has been written on the timing, funding and process by which corporate tax reform
could be enacted. In this report, we use House Speaker Paul Ryan’s Blueprint proposal as
a starting point in quantifying the impact of corporate tax reform on the S&P 500, with
some scenario analysis to account for differences included in the final bill (such as
Trump’s proposals). Our analysis is focused specifically on the impact of corporate tax
reform, however we recognize that there are many other factors that can impact the
sensitivity analysis (e.g. changes to household income tax rates, infrastructure spending,
etc.).
We estimate that the Blueprint proposal would initially boost S&P 500 EPS by $5-6,
assuming the end of interest expense deductions only applies to new debt, or is phased
in over time. But the devil is in the details. Over time, the loss of the interest tax shield
would be a significant drag on earnings as existing debt is refinanced. Additionally, the
corporate tax rate is critical in determining whether or not the tax reform policies end
up being accretive to earnings on a sustained basis. We estimate that at the 20% tax
rate, the Blueprint would be modestly accretive, the benefit would triple under Trump’s
proposed 15% tax rate, but at a higher 25% tax rate that would appease the deficit
hawks in Congress, the benefit would turn to a negative over time (Table 2). We also
estimate a one-time $8-9 charge to GAAP EPS that would be associated with the
discounted repatriation tax.
Table 2: Estimated impact of tax reform on S&P 500 2018 EPS
Tax policy 15% 20% 25%
Tax rate change 10.50 8.00 5.00
Ending interest deductibility – initial impact* -0.50 to -1.00 -0.50 to -1.50 -0.50 to -2.00
Border adjustments -4.00 -5.50 -6.50
Share count reduction from buybacks (50%) 4.00 4.00 4.00
Total initial impact 9.50 to 10.00 5.00 to 6.00 0.50 to 2.00
Ending interest deductibility – recurring impact -3.50 -5.00 -6.00
Recurring impact 7.00 1.50 -3.50
One-time repatriation tax (8.75%), GAAP
charge -8.50 -8.50 -8.50
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, Compustat, S&P
*Assumes end to interest deductibility only applies to new debt, where we estimate 70-90% of debt is long-term.
Note: For this exhibit, we assume that 100% of the cash is repatriated and 50% of it is spent on buybacks. For different buyback
assumptions, please see the section on repatriation.
In the following pages, we focus on the following topics that have large implications for
US equity investors, but it is important to consider corporate tax reform holistically
rather than drawing major implications from each measure in isolation:
• Reducing the US corporate tax rate
• Repatriation - mandatory tax on overseas profits
• Border adjustment tax
• Removal of interest expense deduction
The government revenue associated with each of these is included in the table below.
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 3
Table 3: Estimated 10-year* revenue impact from tax plans, $bn
Based on estimates from both the Tax Policy Center and Tax Foundation
House Plan Trump Plan
Corporate Tax Reform -890 to -1200 -1940 to -2630
Lower corporate tax rate (20% under House, 15% under Trump) -1800 to -1850 -2120 to -2350
Full capex expensing, interest expense no longer deductible (mandatory under
House, choice between two under Trump)** -450 to -1040 -320 to -590
Deemed repatriation of overseas earnings 140 to 190 150-200
Move to territorial tax system -90 to -160 n/a
Border adjustment 1070 to 1180 n/a
Changes to individual income/payroll taxes -980 to -2020 -2190 to -3730
Repeal estate/gift taxes -190 to -240 -170 to -240
Total (static) estimate -2420 to -3100 -4370 to -6150
*Tax Foundation assumes impact over 2016-2025 and Tax Policy Center assumes impact over 2016-2026
**Under House plan, Tax Foundation separately breaks out estimates for full capex expensing (-$2236) and disallowing interest deduction
on new loans (+$1194).
Note: estimates rounded to nearest ten billion, with range to incorporate estimates from both sources. Other elements to corporate tax
reform not itemized above include eliminating the AMT, repealing certain corporate tax deductions, etc.
Source: Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center, Tax Foundation, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy (calculation of ranges)
From a sector and industry perspective there are haves and have-nots based on each
policy, but in aggregate most sectors have some puts and some takes based on tax
reform. The table below shows some relevant aggregate statistics by sector that inform
our subsequent analysis.
Table 4: Estimated overseas cash vs. last 12 month effective tax rate vs. COGS net exports by sector
Sector
Est. cash
overseas ($bn)
Overseas cash
% mkt cap
Effective tax
rate LTM
Net % imported vs
exported COGS
Discretionary 75 2.9% 28% -14%
Staples 68 3.2% 29% -13%
Energy 39 2.6% 21% -3%
Health Care 187 7.0% 23% -4%
Industrials 127 6.0% 26% 1%
Technology 647 14.9% 20% -9%
Materials 24 4.0% 23% 3%
Telecom 1 0.2% 29% 0%
Utilities 2 0.3% 28% 0%
S&P 500 ex. Financials & Real Estate 1,170 5.7% 25% -6%
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, Bloomberg
Cutting the corporate tax rate
The best starting point for analyzing corporate tax reform is the US statutory corporate
tax rate, as this rate is critical in determining the impact of other proposed changes
(border adjustments, interest deductibility, etc.). If the tax rate were lowered from 35%
to 20% and the US moved to a territorial tax system (no longer taxing foreign profits),
all else equal, we estimate an initial boost to S&P 500 EPS of 12% ($17 to 2018 EPS).
However, over time, some of this benefit could be passed on to customers via lower
prices — for instance, it is unlikely that there will be any major long-lasting impact from
tax reform for Utilities sector profits, as any benefit/cost would likely be passed through
to customers when incorporated into each company's regulated pricing. The benefit
would also be offset by some of the other changes discussed in subsequent sections.
We assume that S&P 500 companies would be able to retain half of the benefit, or
roughly $8 of 2018E EPS. Below, we show the estimated EPS impacts on each sector
based on a tax rate of 20%.
4 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
Chart 1: Sector EPS estimated impact from 20% rate
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Financials
Discretionary
Telecom
Staples
Industrials
Health Care
Energy
Materials
Info Tech
Real Estate
2%
4%
8%
10%
10%
14%
12%
12%
16%
18%
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
While the effective tax rate of the S&P 500 is generally about 28% (currently closer to
25% due to the recent commodity recession), we estimate that the tax rate for the S&P
500’s domestic operations is much higher at roughly 33% — although this includes
state and local taxes. If all companies with tax rates above the proposed new tax rate of
20% were to drop to 20%, and no companies provisioned for US taxes on foreign
profits, we estimate the domestic effective tax rate for the S&P 500 would fall in line
with its foreign tax rate of roughly 19%. This would represent a 9ppt decrease in the
current S&P 500 tax rate and a 12% increase in EPS. We show the sensitivity to S&P
500 EPS to different assumed tax rates in the chart below, but we reiterate that these
estimates exaggerate the actual impact on profits, as a significant portion of these
benefits would likely be passed on to consumers via lower prices. We assume that in
aggregate, roughly half of the gains from the lower tax rate would be retained (i.e. half
of the amounts shown in the sensitivity analysis in Chart 2).
Table 5: Impact of 20% domestic corporate tax rate
Sector Current tax rate New tax rate Change
Discretionary 30% 19% -12ppt
Staples 29% 20% -9ppt
Energy 41% 32% -9ppt
Financials 33% 21% -11ppt
Health Care 25% 16% -9ppt
Industrials 32% 23% -9ppt
Info Tech 18% 14% -4ppt
Materials 28% 23% -5ppt
Real Estate 9% 7% -2ppt
Telecom 29% 20% -9ppt
Utilities 32% 20% -12ppt
S&P 500 28% 19% -9ppt
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
* Current tax rates may differ from other sources, as this analysis is based on companies’ 5-yr median
fiscal year domestic and foreign tax data from annual filings.
Chart 2: Benefit to 2018 S&P 500 EPS from lower tax rates
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
$10.50 $8.00
15% 20% 25%
New Corporate Tax Rate
Estimated impact on 2018 EPS
$5.00
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy
Note: Our base case assumes that half of the benefit would be passed on to customers, competed
away or offset by other changes to the tax code. Thus, we would expect the uplift to our EPS forecast
to be roughly half the calculated benefit from simply lowering the corporate tax rate.
The market is beginning to price in the benefits of tax cuts , but we may still be in the
early days – note that potential beneficiaries of fiscal stimulus (i.e. infrastructure
spending) have seen an 18% multiple re-rating but de minimis fundamental support,
whereas potential beneficiaries of lower corporate tax rates have seen performance
driven nearly equivalently by multiples and earnings.
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 5
Chart 3: Decomposition of performance of 1) S&P 500 stocks exposed to fiscal stimulus* and 2) top
50 S&P 500 stocks with the highest L12M effective tax rates, vs. rest of S&P 500 (1/31/16-1/23/17)
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
20%
2%
18%
15%
7%
19%
11%
8% 8%
15%
6%
9%
0%
Stimulus Beneficiaries
S&P 500 ex-Stimulus
Beneficiaries
High Effective Tax Rate
List
Chg in PE Chg in EPS Performance
S&P 500 ex-High Eff Tax
Rate List
*Stocks identified by BofAML analysts as stimulus beneficiaries in 150 stocks with exposure to the Fiscal Stimulus theme 21 Aug. 2016
Source: FactSet, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Potential beneficiaries: See Table 19 at the end of this report for a screen of
domestically-oriented companies with high effective tax rates which could
potentially benefit from a lower corporate tax rate.
Repatriation
Repatriation likely under both Blueprint and Trump plans
Mandatory tax on overseas profits of 8.75% under Blueprint, 10% under Trump
The US currently operates under a tax system in which the domestic earnings of US
corporates are taxed at the federal US corporate rate (35%) and any overseas earnings
that are repatriated are taxed at this rate less a credit for foreign taxes paid on those
same earnings. Many multinationals’ foreign earnings thus remain parked offshore,
allowing corporations to avoid the tax hit associated with bringing them back to the US.
Both Trump and the House (under Ryan) have proposed a mandatory tax of overseas
earnings of US firms’ foreign subsidiaries at reduced rates, such that this cash can be
brought back and put to work in the US. This differs from the 2004 repatriation tax
holiday, which was optional.
Under the Blueprint, accumulated overseas earnings will be subject to a transition tax of
8.75% 1 (for those held in cash/cash equivalents) or 3.5% (for all other holdings), with
companies able to pay the tax liability over an eight-year period. This would be part of
broader tax reform, where a proposed territorial tax system would exempt companies’
foreign income from US taxes and prevent future buildup of overseas profits as
companies would be free to bring them home. Trump’s plan calls for a one-time deemed
repatriation of overseas corporate profits at a 10% tax rate.
Table 6: Blueprint vs. Trump tax plans for taxing offshore earnings of US firms’ foreign subsidiaries
Plan
Tax rate on accumulated overseas earnings
Blueprint
8.75% for cash/cash equivalents, 3.5% of all other holdings
Trump tax plan 10%
Source: donaldjtrump.com, abetterway.speaker.gov
The Tax Policy Center estimates that a repatriation tax holiday would generate
approximately $150bn in tax receipts under Trump’s plan (over 10 years) and $140bn
1
Note: The effective tax rates of 8.75% and 3.5% under the Blueprint are based on an allowable deduction of 75% (for
deferred earnings held in cash/liquid assets) or 90% (for the non-cash portion), with the remainder taxed at the US
corporate tax rate, i.e. 35%(1-75%) = 8.75% and 35%(1-90%) = 3.5%. This methodology was proposed by Dave Camp’s
(former chairman of the House Committee on Ways and Means) Tax Reform Act of 2014.
6 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
under the Blueprint (over eight years). The Tax Foundation similarly estimates that a
repatriation act could drive spending amounting to $185-200bn in revenues through
2025, which could help fund infrastructure/defense spending.
S&P 500 companies could bring back over $1tn – mostly in Tech & Health Care
Our FX team has written that US corporates in aggregate (including Financials) hold
~$2tn in cash overseas, and their work suggests that nearly half is concentrated within
20 companies. Similarly, as we discuss below, half of the repatriated cash following the
2004 Homeland Investment Act came from just 15 companies, predominantly in Pharma
and Tech. Our own analysis of the S&P 500 (based on filings and estimates from our
analysts) suggests that non-Financials in the S&P hold approximately $1.2tn overseas,
nearly three-quarters of which is in Tech and Health Care (Chart 4).
Chart 4: Estimated overseas cash as a % of mkt. cap by sector for the S&P 500 (excludes Financials
and Real Estate)
Overseas cash as a % of market cap
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Tech
Health Care
Industrials
S&P 500 ex. Fins. &
Real Estate*
Materials
Staples
Cons. Disc.
Energy
Utilities
Telecom
Note: Overseas cash based on company disclosures where available, BofAML analyst estimates, and BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy
estimates using overseas sales as a guide where the former two were not available. For some companies, analyst estimates are for total
accumulated overseas profits (which may not all be in cash). *S&P ex. Fins. & Real Estate cash is as a % of total S&P 500 market cap
Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
Repatriation in context: a look back at 2004
The last repatriation holiday in the US was the Homeland Investment Act (HIA) of 2004
(part of the American Jobs Creation Act), which allowed for a one-time repatriation of
foreign earnings by US multinationals at a reduced effective tax rate of 5.25% (vs. the
statutory 35% rate), based on an allowable exemption of 85% of foreign earnings from
US taxes (35% x [1-85%] = 5.25%). This deduction could be claimed in the tax year
beginning before or after the passage date in Oct. 2004. Approximately $300bn was
repatriated, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)’s U.S. International
Transactions Accounts Data, vs. an average of $60bn over the prior five years. The IRS
estimates 2 that 843 US companies took advantage of the act.
Despite HIA’s intent; most repatriated cash was spent on buybacks/dividends
Despite the U.S. Treasury Department’s guidelines that repatriated earnings should be
spent on capital investment, R&D, M&A, and other pro-growth uses such as hiring, this
was not ultimately the result: the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
estimates 3 that $0.92 of every $1.00 brought back was used to return cash to
shareholders ($0.79 for buybacks and $0.15 for dividends) 4 , and that repatriation
ultimately did not lead to a pick-up in capex, employment or R&D. In fact, a 2011 report
by US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 5 found that the top 15
2
Redmiles, Melissa: “The One Time Received Dividend Deduction”, https://www.irs.gov/pub/irssoi/08codivdeductbul.pdf
3
Dhammika Dharmapala, C. Fritz Foley, and Kristin J. Forbes: “Watch What I Do, Not What I Say: The Unintended
Consequences of the Homeland Investment Act”, NBER Working Paper No. 15023, June 2009,
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15023.pdf.
4 The $0.79 for buybacks and $0.15 for dividends does not sum to the $0.92 cash return figure due to the
NBER’s calculation methodology.
5
United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations: “Repatriating Offshore Funds: 2004 Tax Windfall
for Select Multinationals”, Majority Staff Report, October 11, 2011
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 7
repatriating companies—which accounted for 52% of the total repatriated amount—
actually reduced their US workforce and decreased their R&D spending following the
repatriation act. The authors of the NBER study point out that cash is fungible, and
firms were able to bypass the guidelines on how repatriated cash should be used.
Table 7 shows the top 15 repatriating companies following the HIA, and IRS estimates
for the proportion of repatriated cash by industry are in Table 8.
Table 7: Top 15 repatriating companies based on the 2004 HIA
Company
Repatriated Amount ($bn)
Pfizer 35.5
Merck 15.9
Hewlett Packard 14.5
Johnson & Johnson 10.7
IBM 9.5
Schering-Plough 9.4
Bristol Myers 9.0
Eli Lilly 8.0
DuPont 7.7
Pepsi Co, Inc. 7.4
Intel 6.2
Coca-Cola 6.1
Altria 6.0
Procter & Gamble 5.8
Oracle 3.1
Source: Data provided by corporations in response to U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on
Investigations survey
Table 8: Corporations Repatriating Dividends Under IRC Section 965,
Selected Items, by Selected Major and Minor Industry of the Parent
Corporation, Tax Years 2004-2006
Industry
% of Repatriated Cash Dividends
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 29%
Computer and electronic equipment manufacturing 19%
Other manufacturing 8%
Food manufacturing 6%
Other chemical manufacturing 5%
Information (including software publishers) 4%
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing 4%
Transportation equipment manufacturing 3%
Management of companies and enterprises 3%
All other industries 2%
Paper manufacturing 2%
Machinery manufacturing 2%
Electrical equipt, appliance & component manufacturing 2%
Other services 2%
Basic chemical manufacturing 2%
Fabricated metal product manufacturing 1%
Retail trade 1%
Wholesale trade, nonduarable goods 1%
Wholesale trade, durable goods 1%
Profiessional, scientific and technical services 1%
Transportation and warehousing 0%
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 0%
Primary metal manufacturing 0%
Note: all figures are IRS estimates
Source: IRS (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/08codivdeductbul.pdf)
Our data for the S&P 500 similarly suggests that share repurchases saw the biggest
pick-up in terms of cash use from when the HIA was passed in October 2004 through
the end of 2006. Buybacks jumped over 200% over this period, where they went from
12% of operating cash flows to 33% of operating cash flow by the end of 2006.
Chart 5: Capex, dividends, buybacks and M&A for the S&P 500 ex-Financials: increase from
10/31/2004-12/31/2006 and % of Operating Cash Flow during both dates
60%
250%
% of Operating cash Flow
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
Capex Dividends Net Buybacks Acquisitions
% of OCF - 10/31/2004 (LHS) % of OCF - 12/31/2006 (LHS) % increase (RHS)
% increase 10/31/04-12/31/06
Source: FactSet, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
(https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/investigations/media/new-data-show-corporateoffshore-funds-not-trapped-abroad-nearly-half-of-so-called-offshore-funds-already-in-the-united-states)
8 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
No alpha from repatriation and multiples actually compressed
Our analysis of the top 15 repatriating companies (from Table 7) suggests that while
these companies initially outperformed both the S&P 500 and equal-weighted S&P 500
from November 2004-April 2005 (by 6ppt and 5ppt, respectively), they subsequently
underperformed during the remainder of 2005 and early 2006 (Chart 6). From the end of
September 2004 through year-end 2006, these stocks were up 27% on average, in-line
with the overall S&P 500, and below the equal-weighted benchmark’s 36% return. And
multiples for these stocks compressed over the majority of this period, both on an
absolute basis and relative to the benchmark (Chart 7).
Chart 6: Cumulative relative performance (equal-weighted) vs. S&P 500
and EW S&P 500 of Top 15 repatriating companies, 9/30/04-12/31/06
Chart 7: Fwd. P/E of Top 15 repatriating companies – absolute and
relative to the S&P 500 median fwd. P/E, 9/30/04-12/31/06
106.0
104.0
102.0
100.0
98.0
96.0
94.0
92.0
90.0
88.0
86.0
Sep/04
Oct/04
Nov/04
Dec/04
Jan/05
Feb/05
Mar/05
Apr/05
May/05
Jun/05
Jul/05
Aug/05
Sep/05
Oct/05
Nov/05
Dec/05
Jan/06
Feb/06
Mar/06
Apr/06
May/06
Jun/06
Jul/06
Aug/06
Sep/06
Oct/06
Nov/06
Dec/06
23.0
22.0
21.0
20.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
Sep/04
Nov/04
Jan/05
Mar/05
May/05
Jul/05
Sep/05
Nov/05
Jan/06
Mar/06
May/06
Jul/06
Sep/06
Nov/06
Top 15 Fwd P/E (LHS)
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
Top 15 vs. S&P 500 Top 15 vs. EW S&P 500
Top 15 Rel Fwd P/E vs. Median S&P 500 Fwd P/E (RHS)
Source: U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations survey (for Top 15 repatriating
stocks), FactSet, Bloomberg, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Source: U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations survey (for Top 15 repatriating
stocks), FactSet, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Post-repatriation cash use: will this time be different?
Valuations, investor preference, growth & leverage ratios suggest less buybacks
While any potential restrictions on the use of repatriated earnings are still unknown, we
suspect that a pick-up in buybacks is likely, but that a lower proportion will be used for
buybacks today than during the last repatriation holiday. Valuations were generally more
attractive in 2004-2005 on most metrics (Table 9), and we’ve found that buybacks tend
to be more rewarded when stocks are cheap (Chart 8). Additionally, the largest buybacks
have not generated alpha for the last several years, as investors have increasingly
agitated for companies to use their excess cash on pro-growth investments (namely
capex.) According to BofAML’s latest Global Fund Manager Survey, 60% of investors
want companies to increase capex spending, vs. 17% who want companies to return
cash to shareholders (Exhibit 1). This compares to a majority of investors desiring
companies to return cash to shareholders when the HIA was passed in late 2004.
Companies may also feel less pressure to bolster per share metrics by reducing share
count if top line is recovering and organic growth is finally materializing. And from a
capital structure perspective, if leverage loses its tax benefit, given that leverage ratios
are already high (see below) companies may be less likely to reduce their equity capital
base, as that would marginally increase their weighted average cost of capital.
Special dividends, pay-down of debt may be other likely uses
Companies may also return the cash to shareholders by issuing a one-time special
dividend: income remains in-demand, given that both interest rates and dividend payout
ratios remain historically low. And if a repatriation tax holiday comes within the context
of broader tax reform that includes an end to the deductibility of interest expense,
companies may choose to pay down debt over other uses of cash, in an attempt to skew
their balance sheets less toward debt and more toward equity (see the section on no
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 9
interest tax shield later in this report). Deleveraging balance sheets may also be spurred
by a continued environmwnt of rising interest. Leverage for S&P non-Financials has
steadily been ticking up over the last few years, and, if we exclude the cash-rich
Technology sector, leverage is approaching all-time highs (Chart 9).
Table 9: S&P 500 valuations: October 2004 vs. today
Metric 10/31/2004 Today (12/31/16)
Fwd P/E 15.6 16.9
Trailing P/E 16.7 22.0
Median Fwd P/E 16.2 17.3
P/B 2.8 2.9
EV/EBITDA 11.6 11.7
P/S 1.5 2.0
EV/Sales 2.2 2.3
Source: FactSet, S&P, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Chart 8: Average Annual Return of Russell 1000 Top Quintiles by factor
(1986-present)
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
10.0%
11.7%
13.5%
Benchmark High Share Repurchase INEXPENSIVE
Companies with High
Share Repurchase
Note: valuation factor used to determine inexpensive companies is FCF/P
Source: FactSet,, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Exhibit 1: BofAML Global Fund Manager Survey (January 2017): What
would you most like to see companies do with cash flow?
Chart 9: Net Debt/EBITDA for the S&P 500 ex Financials (and excluding
Energy and Tech)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Fund Manager Survey (17 January 2017)
1.0
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16
S&P 500 ex Financials
S&P 500 ex Fins. & Energy
Avg.
S&P 500 ex Fins. & Tech
Source: FactSet, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Potential EPS impacts
$8-9 (6-7%) hit to GAAP EPS from the mandatory tax on accumulated overseas
profit
We estimate that a tax of accumulated overseas profits of $1.2tn would result in a cash
tax impact of $100-120bn (which may be allowed to be paid over 8-10 years), and a
one-time hit to GAAP EPS of $8-9 (a lower $65-80bn, given that a several large
multinationals such as AAPL already provision for US taxes on a portion of their
overseas profit, resulting in effective US tax rates well above the US statutory rate). Our
analysis assumes Trump’s/the Blueprint’s proposed rates of 8.75%/10%, and that all
overseas profits are hit with this one-time tax, as suggested by their plans. See Table
10.
Note that our estimate of ~$1.2tn of cumulative profits overseas is based on estimates
from us, our fundamental analysts, and company filings, where in many cases only
overseas cash but not other indefinitely invested earnings are disclosed/estimated.
Thus, the tax on these earnings could be slightly higher, though the Blueprint would tax
earnings not held in cash at a lower 3.5% rate. (We conservatively assume our estimated
$1.2tn is all cash and use the higher 8.75% rate under the Blueprint and 10% under
Trump’s plan in our below analysis).
10 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
Table 10: Tax impact from taxation of accumulated overseas profits at 10%/8.75% rates (assuming
mandatory tax i.e. all overseas profits are taxed)
Cash tax impact ($bn) One-time tax hit to GAAP earnings
Sector Trump (10%) Blueprint (8.75%) Trump (10%) Blueprint (8.75%)
Consumer Discretionary 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.5
Consumer Staples 6.8 5.9 6.8 5.9
Energy 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.4
Health Care 18.7 16.4 18.7 16.4
Industrials 12.7 11.1 12.7 11.1
Information Technology 64.7 56.6 26.0 22.7
Materials 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.1
Telecommunication Services 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Utilities 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
S&P 500 ex. Financials & Real Estate 117.0 102.4 78.3 68.5
S&P 500 GAAP EPS impact ($9) ($8)
Source: FactSet, Bloomberg, BofAML Global Research estimates, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
We estimate share buybacks add $4 (or as high as $6) to EPS (GAAP & non-GAAP)
If the full $1.2tn that we estimate for overseas cash for the S&P 500 ex. Financials &
Real Estate is brought back (given the tax is mandatory and will be paid either way) and
50% is used on buybacks (~3% of S&P 500 market cap), this could add ~$4 to S&P 500
EPS. And if 80% (~4% of market cap) were used on buybacks, similar to NBER’s
estimate of what occurred following the 2004 tax holiday, this could add $6 to EPS.
(The difference between the Trump and Blueprint tax rates is small, leading to only
cents in index EPS.) If one assumed companies only brought half of their offshore cash
home immediately, even though the full amount was taxed, these benefits would be cut
in half.
Note that buyback programs may span several years, which could spread out some of
the EPS benefit below. But if one assumes a buyback is fully executed in Year 1, this
provides a one-time boost to EPS growth and a recurring benefit to future EPS given a
permanently lower share count.
Table 11: Impact to S&P 500 EPS based on various buyback scenarios
% used for buybacks: 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Trump (10% tax) 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% 6%
Blueprint (8.75% tax) 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6%
Benefit to 2017 EPS: $1 $1 $2 $3 $4 $4 $5 $6 $7 $7
Benefit to 2018 EPS: $1 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $5 $6 $7 $8
Assumes 100% of overseas cash is brought back (given tax is mandatory)
Source: FactSet, Bloomberg, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Below we calculate the potential impact to sectors’ EPS under various buyback
scenarios. Differences are small under the Trump vs. Blueprint tax rates.
Table 12: Impact to sector EPS from various buyback scenarios under
Trump (10% tax rate)
% used for buybacks:
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Cons. Disc. 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3%
Staples 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3%
Energy 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Health Care 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7%
Industrials 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 4% 5% 5% 6%
Tech 1% 3% 4% 6% 7% 9% 11% 13% 14% 16%
Materials 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 4%
Telecom 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Utilities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Assumes 100% of overseas cash is brought back (given tax is mandatory)
Source: FactSet, Bloomberg, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates, BofA Merrill Lynch US
Equity & US Quant Strategy
Table 13: Impact to sector EPS from various buyback scenarios under
Blueprint (8.75% tax rate)
% used for buybacks:
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Cons. Disc. 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3%
Staples 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3%
Energy 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3%
Health Care 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7%
Industrials 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 4% 5% 5% 6%
Tech 1% 3% 4% 6% 8% 9% 11% 13% 15% 16%
Materials 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 4%
Telecom 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Utilities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Assumes 100% of overseas cash is brought back (given tax is mandatory)
Source: FactSet, Bloomberg, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates, BofA Merrill Lynch US
Equity & US Quant Strategy
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 11
Cross-asset implications of repatriation
Repatriation should spur USD-buying – up to 40% may be non-USD denominated
While few companies disclose the currency composition of their offshore cash, our FX
team estimates that 60-75% is already in USD while 25-40% is non-dollar-denominated.
(If we extrapolate based on the S&P 500’s geographic revenue exposure, the largest
proportion could be in Europe, followed by emerging Asia.) This may result in upward
pressure on the USD (which they estimate could amount to $250-$400bn if half of all
offshore cash, which they estimate at ~$2tn, was repatriated). Their analysis of the
EUR-USD during the last repatriation holiday suggests an “announcement effect” is
likely, as the dollar strengthened ahead of the bulk of the actual repatriation flows.
Repatriation could put upward pressure on bank funding costs
Our rates team’s analysis of some of the largest multinationals with offshore cash
suggests ~70% of cash is invested in securities with maturities greater than one year,
with the remaining 30% having shorter maturities. See table below. They believe
repatriation could put upward pressure on bank funding costs as firms reduce their
holdings in these short-term investments. According to Crane Data on offshore money
fund holdings, our rates team cites that $161bn of offshore funds are held in commercial
paper and CDs, of which the majority are from financial institutions with Japan, France and
Canada the largest issuers.
Table 14: Offshore holdings and investment allocation for select firms
(see footnote) per BofAML Rates team (as published 12/9/2016)
Allocation*
Cash & MMF 8%
CP & CD 5%
Tsy & Agy 35%
Corporate 36%
Non-US Sov 4%
Other 12%
Maturity of securities holdings**
<1y 28%
1-5y 59%
5-10y 7%
>10y 6%
*Allocation = weighted avg of holdings across all company investments for AAPL, MSFT, CSCO, ORCL,
GOOG, MRK, INTC and PFE. **Maturities = weighted avg. of holdings from MSFT, CSCO, GOOG, INTC.
Source: BofAML Global Research, company 10Q’s
Exhibit 2: Offshore money fund USD asset holdings ($bn) as of 9/30/16
Source: Crane data, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
Potential beneficiaries: See Table 20 for a screen of companies with high (>10%)
overseas cash to market capitalization ratios which could potentially benefit from
repatriation.
Border adjustment tax analysis
A new tax policy outlined in the Blueprint proposal that has been getting a lot of
attention recently is the border adjustment tax, or the application of border adjustments
to a company’s imports and exports. While Trump has described the proposal as being
“too complicated,” it is a key component of the Blueprint plan and should not be
ignored. Additionally, White House press secretary Sean Spicer’s recent reference to
“…the plan taking shape right now, using comprehensive tax reform as a means to tax
imports from countries…” could be a sign that Trump is not as against the proposal his
other comments would indicate.
12 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
This policy would effectively result in the tax authorities recognizing all sales that take
place in the US (regardless of where they are produced) and all the domestic costs
incurred to produce goods and services for customers (regardless of where the sale
takes place). As a result, net importers (such as many retailers) would suffer, as they
would have to pay taxes on their domestic sales without being able to deduct a
significant portion of their costs of production. Conversely, net exporters (companies
with much of their production in the US but sales outside of the US) would stand to
benefit from not having to pay taxes on their foreign sales while being able to deduct a
significant proportion of production costs (Exhibit 3). Purely domestic companies would
be unaffected.
Exhibit 3: Illustration of border adjustment treatment of US corporate taxation
US
Sold in the US:
Recognize sales
Made in the US:
Deduct costs
Sold overseas:
Ignore sales
Non-US
Sold overseas:
Ignore sales
Made in the US:
Deduct costs
Sold in the US:
Recognize sales
Made overseas:
Made overseas: Can’t deduct costs
Can’t deduct costs
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Even if border adjustments are enacted, there is significant uncertainty around
implementation details. For this analysis, we focus on the first order impact of border
adjustments, but we recognize there would be significant second order impacts on the
pricing of products, pricing within the supply chain, foreign exchange rates as well as
foreign policy reactions. (We discuss many of these second order impacts later in this
report.) For the current exercise, we also ignored the cost of services as the
implementation of these rules would be more complicated. See the Methodology
section for more details.
We estimate that at a 20% tax rate, border adjustments would detract $5-6 from 2018
EPS, with nearly 80% of the drag coming from the Consumer Discretionary and
Consumer Staples sectors (roughly evenly split). This impact includes a 50% haircut to
account for offsets from alternate sourcing, currency rates and pricing power. On one
hand, we may be drastically underestimating the impact because we have not included
the second order impacts on the supply chain. For example, many retailers source the
bulk of their goods from domestic suppliers, who source their goods from overseas
suppliers. So while the original retailer may not feel the direct tax hit from importing
goods, the supplier that took the tax hit would likely pass along a significant portion of
this via a higher cost. On the other hand, the supplier or the retailer could look for
alternate domestic sources for those products, but it would largely depend on whether
the cost differential of production between the US and overseas exceeded the border
adjustment tax. Some key components in determining the cost differential are the
foreign exchange rates (more on this below) and labor costs. In the end, the net impact
of the border adjustment taxes will be driven by a complex interplay between corporate
tax rates, pricing power, foreign exchange moves, foreign versus domestic availability
and cost differentials.
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 13
Chart 10: Sector EPS impact from border
adjustment tax (15% rate)
Staples -23%
Discretionary -21%
Energy
-8%
Health Care
-4%
Info Tech
-3%
Utilities
0%
Telecom
0%
Financials
0%
Real Estate
0%
Industrials
1%
Materials
3%
-30% -20% -10% 0% 10%
15% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
Chart 11: Sector EPS impact from border
adjustment tax (20% rate)
Staples -31%
Discretionary -28%
Energy
-10%
Health Care
-5%
Info Tech
-4%
Utilities
0%
Telecom
0%
Financials
0%
Real Estate
0%
Industrials
1%
Materials
4%
-40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10%
20% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
Chart 12: Sector EPS impact from border
adjustment tax (25% rate)
Staples -38%
Discretionary -35%
Energy
-13%
Health Care
-6%
Info Tech
-5%
Utilities
0%
Telecom
0%
Financials
0%
Real Estate
0%
Industrials
2%
Materials
5%
-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10%
25% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
Offsetting BAT with a little math and some price increases
A company could fully offset the border adjustment tax by raising prices such that the
after-tax increase in sales would exceed the drag from the lost deduction of costs. All
else equal, the break-even price increase would be equivalent to the cost of goods sold
as a % of sales multiplied by net % imported and the tax to after-tax ratio, which at a
20% rate is 0.25 (20%/80%).
As an example, a company with a 25% gross margin that imports 30% of its goods
would need to increase its prices by of 5-6% to offset the border adjustment tax, all
else equal.
Offsetting BAT with FX
Some of the increase in the after-tax cost of imported goods can also be offset by a
strengthening dollar. For example, companies producing goods in Mexico, which stand to
see a 25% increase in the cost of imported goods, should see the cost increase partially
offset by the 13% devaluation of the Mexican Peso against the US dollar since the
election. The net cost increase is a more digestible 9%, especially when you also
consider that the Peso has devalued nearly 30% since its 2013 peak. While it may offer
little consolation to corporates, the US Dollar Index is up over 25% since mid-2014, so
the border adjustment tax would presumably act as a reversal of the lowered cost of
overseas production over that period.
Border adjustment sensitivity analysis
The table below illustrates how the change in the tax rate and the application of the
border adjustment tax would impact the domestic earnings of a hypothetical company
with sensitivity to different tax rates and net export assumptions. We assumed the
company has a 40% gross margin, operating expenses are 20% of sales and an initial
tax rate of 35%. As you would expect, the biggest benefit would accrue to companies
with significant net exports at a high domestic tax rate (bigger tax shield) and the most
negative impact to significant net imports at a high domestic tax rate (higher taxes on
higher taxable income).
14 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
Table 15: Sensitivity of a company’s domestic earnings
Net exports (% of COGS)
Tax rate -100% -50% 0% 50% 100%*
15% -38% -4% 31% 65% 100%
18% -54% -13% 27% 67% 108%
20% -69% -23% 23% 69% 115%
23% -85% -33% 19% 71% 123%
25% -100% -42% 15% 73% 131%
28% -115% -52% 12% 75% 138%
30% -131% -62% 8% 77% 146%
33% -146% -71% 4% 79% 154%
35% -162% -81% 0% 81% 162%
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy
*We note that it is unlikely that a company can be a 100% net exporter and have any domestic earnings to begin with.
Note: We assume a company with a 40% gross margin, operating expenses are 20% of sales and an initial tax rate of 35%
Industry screen: Below we highlight industries which could potentially
benefit most / be hurt most by the BAT.
Chart 13: Industry EPS impact from border
adjustment tax (15% rate)
-100% -50% 0% 50%
Industrial Conglomerates
Life Sciences Tools & Svcs
Chemicals
Household Products
Machinery
Health Care Technology
Electrical Equipment
Media
IT Svcs
Energy Equipment & Svcs
Biotechnology
-1%
Semiconductors & Sem Equip
-2%
Software
-2%
Pharmaceuticals
-2%
Trading Cos & Distributors
-3%
Health Care Equipment &…
-4%
Metals & Mining
-5%
Building Products
-5%
Electronic Equip Instr &…
-6%
Construction Materials
-6%
Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels
-9%
Communications Equipment
-9%
Tech Hardware
-9%
Health Care Providers & Svcs
-11%
Household Durables
-12%
Auto Components
-20%
Leisure Products -30%
Specialty Retail -33%
Distributors -38%
Textiles Apparel & Luxury Goods -39%
Internet & Direct Mktg Retail -41%
Automobiles -41%
Multiline Retail -49%
Food & Staples Retailing -74%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
Chart 14: Industry EPS impact from border
adjustment tax (20% rate)
-150% -100% -50% 0% 50%
Industrial Conglomerates
Chemicals
Life Sciences Tools & Svcs
Household Products
Machinery
Health Care Technology
Electrical Equipment
Media
IT Svcs
Energy Equipment & Svcs
Biotechnology
-1%
Semiconductors & Sem Equip
-2%
Software
-3%
Pharmaceuticals
-3%
Trading Cos & Distributors
-3%
Health Care Equipment &…
-5%
Metals & Mining
-7%
Building Products
-7%
Electronic Equip Instr &…
-8%
Construction Materials
-9%
Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels
-12%
Tech Hardware
-12%
Communications Equipment
-12%
Health Care Providers & Svcs
-14%
Household Durables
-16%
Auto Components
-21%
Leisure Products
-40%
Specialty Retail
-45%
Distributors
-51%
Textiles Apparel & Luxury Goods
-52%
Internet & Direct Mktg Retail -54%
Automobiles -55%
Multiline Retail -65%
Food & Staples Retailing -99%
7%
5%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
1%
Chart 15: Industry EPS impact from border
adjustment tax (25% rate)
Industrial Conglomerates
Chemicals
Life Sciences Tools & Svcs
Machinery
Household Products
Health Care Technology
Electrical Equipment
Media
IT Svcs
Energy Equipment & Svcs
Biotechnology
Semiconductors & Sem Equip
Software
Pharmaceuticals
Trading Cos & Distributors
Health Care Equipment &…
Electronic Equip Instr &…
Metals & Mining
Building Products
Construction Materials
Tech Hardware
Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels
Communications Equipment
Health Care Providers & Svcs
Household Durables
Auto Components
Leisure Products
Specialty Retail
Distributors
Textiles Apparel & Luxury Goods
Internet & Direct Mktg Retail
Automobiles
Multiline Retail
Food & Staples Retailing
-200% -150% -100% -50% 0% 50%
-2%
-3%
-3%
-4%
-4%
-6%
-8%
-9%
-9%
-11%
-14%
-15%
-15%
-18%
-20%
-21%
-50%
-56%
-64%
-65%
-68%
-69%
-81%
-124%
8%
6%
6%
5%
5%
4%
4%
3%
2%
2%
15% tax rate
20% tax rate
25% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
Closing loopholes
Both Trump and the Blueprint proposal suggest getting rid of special-interest
deductions and credits that distort capital allocation decisions. The table below lists the
25 biggest US corporate tax breaks. The #1 and #3 “tax breaks” are the deferral of
foreign income and certain foreign financial income, but these would become irrelevant
if the US moves to a territorial tax system, as is being proposed by the Blueprint plan.
Exempting corporations from paying US taxes on foreign income would put the US in
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 15
line with the rest of the world on this issue. Similarly, the accelerated depreciation of
machinery & equipment would become irrelevant due to the move toward taxation
based on business cash flow and the immediate write-off of capital expenditures. Once
the depreciation from legacy investments has run off, then depreciation should become
irrelevant for tax purposes. We also highlight the deduction for US production activities
(section 199) due to it being specifically highlighted by the Blueprint proposal as no
longer being necessary under the new tax policies. Both the Blueprint and Trump have
noted that they would likely maintain the Research & Development related tax credits.
Table 16: Top 25 US corporate tax breaks (2016)
Government tax expense
Category/Industry
2016
($mn)
Deferral of income from controlled foreign corporations International affairs 102,100
Accelerated depreciation of machinery & equipment Commerce 28,570
Deferred taxes for financial firms on certain income earned overseas International affairs 15,320
Deduction for US production activities Commerce 12,080
Credit for increasing research activities General science, space, and technology 9,580
Exclusion of interest on public purpose State & local bonds General purpose fiscal assistance 8,400
Credit for low-income housing investments Housing 8,200
Expensing of research & experimentation expenditures General science, space, and technology 6,350
Deferral of gains from like-kind exchanges Commerce 5,720
Inventory property sales source rules exception International affairs 4,270
Graduated corporation income tax rate Commerce 3,300
Exemption of credit union income Financial institutions and insurance 2,310
Special ESOP rules Income security 1,910
Deductibility of charitable contributions, other than education & health Training, employment, and social services 1,720
Tax credit for orphan drug research Health 1,700
Exclusion & deferral of policyholder income earned on life insurance & annuity contracts Financial institutions and insurance 1,470
New markets tax credit Community and regional development 1,260
Energy production credit Energy 1,050
Exclusion of interest on hospital construction bonds Health 1,010
Energy investment credit Energy 890
Work opportunity tax credit Training, employment, and social services 830
Deductibility of charitable contributions (education) Education 820
Tax exemption of insurance income earned by tax-exempt organizations Financial institutions and insurance 690
Exclusion of interest on bonds for private nonprofit educational facilities Education 660
Special Blue Cross/Blue Shield tax benefits Health 630
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, US Department of Treasury
Immediate capex expensing should provide some initial cash tax benefits
The shift to the immediate expensing of capital expenditures should provide a
significant near-term reduction in cash taxes as companies benefit from the ongoing
reduction of taxable income from the depreciation of legacy assets combined with the
full expensing of new investments. As the depreciation of legacy assets rolls off, the tax
benefit would become more modest. Keep in mind that, for tax reporting, many
companies already take advantage of the accelerated depreciation schedules discussed
above. The ongoing benefit of capex expensing derives from the deferral in the timing
of tax payments.
Chart 16: S&P 500 capital expenditure to depreciation & amortization ratio
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
'86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16
Capex/D&A
Avg.
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, S&P, Compustat
16 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
No interest tax shield
Another key offset to the lower corporate tax rate is the proposed ending of the
deduction of net interest expense. We assume that this rule would apply to new debt
and that existing debt would be grandfathered. This tax shield removal would increase
the cost of debt by an incremental 25% (not to mention the 100bp+ rise in long-term
interest rates seen since the summer of 2016). In the table below, we illustrate the
impact on S&P 500 corporate profits. We estimate that over time, the removal of the
interest rate deduction would detract about 4%, or $4-5 from S&P 500 2018 EPS,
although the initial impact would be less significant given 70-90% of the debt is long
term.
Table 17: Estimated EPS impact from the removal of interest tax shield
S&P 500 Non-Financials
Net Debt ($mn) 2,899
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.74
New tax rate 20%
After-tax interest rate [interest rate w/ no tax shield * (1 - new tax rate)] 4.2%
Interest rate w/ no tax shield [interest expense / net debt] 5.2%
Change in cost of debt [(interest rate w/ no tax shield / after-tax interest rate) -1] 25%
Potential profit impact (%) [(interest rate w/) no tax shield - after-tax interest rate) * (net debt / net income)] 4%
Potential impact on 2018 EPS $4-5
Source: BofAML US Equity & US Quant Strategy, S&P, FactSet
Many investors assume that interest deductions would likely apply only to new debt, and
if this were the case, the drag would be gradual for the overall S&P 500 as debt matures
and is refinanced. Companies have shifted the composition of their debt toward longer
maturities and fixed rates. We estimate an average S&P 500 debt maturity of over eight
years, with just one-third maturing within the next three years. The grandfathering of
existing debt is a reasonable assumption, but not a sure thing, in our view. There is a
possibility that legislators apply it to all debt on the grounds that most companies are
expected to be net beneficiaries of comprehensive tax reform.
There is also a possibility that this policy is phased in over a number of years, with
certain portions of the existing debt losing their interest deductibility over time.
Chart 17: Russell 1000 debt by type and
maturity - 2007
ST
Floating,
23.3%
LT
Floating,
19.7%
ST
Fixed,
2.8%
Source: FactSet, BofAML US Equity & US Quant Strategy
LT
Fixed,
54.2%
Chart 18: Russell 1000 debt by type and
maturity - October 2016
ST
Floating,
15.3%
LT
Floating,
14.0%
ST
Fixed,
4.1%
LT
Fixed,
66.6%
Source: FactSet, BofAML US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Table 18: Russell 1000 estimated weighted
average debt maturity (ex-Financials & REITs)
Sector Estimated Wtd Avg Maturity (years)
Cons. Disc. 7.0
Cons. Staples 8.1
Energy 8.4
Health Care 8.0
Industrials 8.0
Materials 7.4
Technology 7.4
Telecom 10.8
Utilities 12.0
Total 8.3
Source: FactSet, BofAML US Equity & US Quant Strategy
The most negatively impacted companies would clearly be the ones with the most
leverage, in addition to those with depressed earnings (Metals & Mining, Energy, etc.).
While the Utilities sector has a lot of leverage, there would likely be a pass through to
customers in determining their allowed rate increase.
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 17
Chart 19: Sector EPS impact from ending
interest deductibility (15% rate; ex- fin, utes)
Energy -6.2%
Telecom -5.9%
Materials
Discretionary
Industrials
Real Estate
Staples
Health Care
Info Tech
-8% -6% -4% -2% 0%
-3.5%
-3.1%
-2.7%
-2.8%
-2.2%
-1.7%
-0.9%
Chart 20: Sector EPS impact from ending
interest deductibility (20% rate; ex- fin, utes)
Energy
Telecom
Materials
Discretionary
Industrials
Real Estate
Staples
Health Care
Info Tech
-12%-10%-8% -6% -4% -2% 0%
-8.2%
-7.9%
-4.7%
-4.1%
-3.5%
-3.4%
-2.9%
-2.3%
-1.1%
Chart 21: Sector EPS impact from ending
interest deductibility (25% rate; ex- fin, utes)
Energy
Telecom
Materials
Discretionary
Industrials
Real Estate
Staples
Health Care
Info Tech
-15% -10% -5% 0%
-10.2%
-9.6%
-5.7%
-5.1%
-4.3%
-3.8%
-3.6%
-2.7%
-1.3%
15% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
20% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
25% tax rate
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P
How will levered companies react?
Companies will likely grow comfortable with a smaller amount of debt, retain more
earnings, use less cash for dividends and share buybacks, and potentially draw down
cash if they have it. If a tax holiday is also granted, that might offset the loss of benefit.
Companies that regularly issue long-term debt may choose to reduce that burden to
offset the tax change, and find those funds elsewhere. We find it unlikely that the
change would result in a surge in equity issuance, unless the change applies to existing
debt, which is unlikely in our view. While this change should be taken as a line item in a
wholistic bill, there are victims and beneficiaries here. Corporations that have high
leverage ratios, low retained earnings, high interest expense to earnings ratios, no cash
overseas offset from repatriation, and those that have recurring long-term debt needs
may be most at risk.
Other implications
While some argue that companies will try to raise outsized amounts of investment grade
capital ahead of the deadline to lock in funding with the tax benefit before the loophole
is closed, there is a reasonable chance that a provision is included in the legislation that
would treat such debt as new debt. In our Investment Grade Strategist Hans Mikkelsen’s
view, demand for IG credit could be materially reduced over time. The tax change could
also dampen Leverage Buyout (LBO) activity, according to our High Yield strategist
Michael Contopoulos, where these funds are already struggling to generate high returns
– note that LBO funds are currently sitting on close to $1tn in cash looking for a home,
according to Preqin’s third quarter update.
Who could be hurt: See Table 21 for a screen of stocks with high net interest
expense as a percentage of net income which could potentially be hurt most by an
end to the deductibility of interest expense.
18 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
Tax reform screens
Lower US corporate tax rate: potential beneficiaries
Below we provide a screen of domestically-oriented S&P 500 companies (<10% foreign
sales exposure) with a high (>35%) median 5-year effective tax rate which could
potentially benefit most from a lower US corporate tax rate.
Table 19: S&P 500 companies with high (>35%) median 5-year effective tax rates and low (<10%) foreign sales
Ticker Company Name Sector Industry
Foreign Sales
%
5-Year Median Effective Tax
Rate %
CHTR Charter Communications, Inc. Class A Consumer Discretionary Media 0% 445.3
DVN Devon Energy Corporation Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 8% 58.3
REGN Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Health Care Biotechnology 0% 44.3
COG Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 43.5
EOG EOG Resources, Inc. Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 5% 42.3
RRC Range Resources Corporation Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 41.9
CNC Centene Corporation Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 0% 41.4
ABC AmerisourceBergen Corporation Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 0% 40.2
CNP CenterPoint Energy, Inc. Utilities Multi-Utilities 0% 39.7
AWK American Water Works Company, Inc. Utilities Water Utilities 0% 39.4
SWN Southwestern Energy Company Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 39.3
CVS CVS Health Corporation Consumer Staples Food & Staples Retailing 0% 39.3
WFM Whole Foods Market, Inc. Consumer Staples Food & Staples Retailing 3% 38.7
CMG Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Hotels Restaurants & Leisure 1% 38.5
JWN Nordstrom, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 0% 38.5
AN AutoNation, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 38.5
TROW T. Rowe Price Group Financials Capital Markets 0% 38.4
KMX CarMax, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 38.2
PEG Public Service Enterprise Group Inc Utilities Multi-Utilities 0% 38.2
JBHT J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc. Industrials Road & Rail 0% 38.1
ULTA Ulta Salon, Cosmetics & Fragrance, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 38.1
CHK Chesapeake Energy Corporation Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 38.0
AEE Ameren Corporation Utilities Multi-Utilities 0% 37.9
ALK Alaska Air Group, Inc. Industrials Airlines 0% 37.9
CTL CenturyLink, Inc. Telecommunication Services Diversified Telecommunication Services 0% 37.8
UNP Union Pacific Corporation Industrials Road & Rail 0% 37.7
ROST Ross Stores, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 37.7
LOW Lowe's Companies, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 8% 37.6
BBY Best Buy Co., Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 8% 37.5
AAP Advance Auto Parts, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 37.5
LUV Southwest Airlines Co. Industrials Airlines 0% 37.4
SYF Synchrony Financial Financials Consumer Finance 0% 37.2
DLTR Dollar Tree, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 8% 37.2
SCHW Charles Schwab Corporation Financials Capital Markets 0% 37.2
NAVI Navient Corp Financials Consumer Finance 0% 37.2
CAH Cardinal Health, Inc. Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 4% 37.1
CXO Concho Resources Inc. Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 37.1
DFS Discover Financial Services Financials Consumer Finance 0% 37.1
DGX Quest Diagnostics Incorporated Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 2% 37.1
CSRA CSRA, Inc. Information Technology IT Services 0% 37.1
DG Dollar General Corporation Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 0% 37.0
XEC Cimarex Energy Co. Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 37.0
WEC WEC Energy Group Inc Utilities Multi-Utilities 0% 36.9
CSX CSX Corporation Industrials Road & Rail 0% 36.9
CTAS Cintas Corporation Industrials Commercial Services & Supplies 9% 36.9
ORLY O'Reilly Automotive, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 36.7
KSS Kohl's Corporation Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 0% 36.7
BBBY Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 36.6
TSCO Tractor Supply Company Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 0% 36.6
HUM Humana Inc. Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 0% 36.5
TSO Tesoro Corporation Energy Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels 0% 36.5
ESRX Express Scripts Holding Company Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 0% 36.4
HD Home Depot, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 9% 36.4
CME CME Group Inc. Class A Financials Capital Markets 0% 36.4
UNH UnitedHealth Group Incorporated Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 4% 36.4
PAYX Paychex, Inc. Information Technology IT Services 1% 36.3
NSC Norfolk Southern Corporation Industrials Road & Rail 0% 36.2
M Macy's Inc Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 0% 36.2
RAI Reynolds American Inc. Consumer Staples Tobacco 5% 36.1
CMCSA Comcast Corporation Class A Consumer Discretionary Media 8% 35.8
AZO AutoZone, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 6% 35.7
UHS Universal Health Services, Inc. Class B Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 0% 35.5
AET Aetna Inc. Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 2% 35.5
DVA DaVita Inc. Health Care Health Care Providers & Services 0% 35.4
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 19
Table 19: S&P 500 companies with high (>35%) median 5-year effective tax rates and low (<10%) foreign sales
Ticker Company Name Sector Industry
Foreign Sales
%
5-Year Median Effective Tax
Rate %
FE FirstEnergy Corp. Utilities Electric Utilities 0% 35.3
ZION Zions Bancorporation Financials Banks 0% 35.2
MO Altria Group, Inc. Consumer Staples Tobacco 0% 35.1
EXC Exelon Corporation Utilities Electric Utilities 0% 35.1
RSG Republic Services, Inc. Industrials Commercial Services & Supplies 0% 35.0
Note: This screen is not a recommended list either individually or as a group of stocks. Investors should consider the fundamentals of the companies and their own individual circumstances/objective before making any
investment decisions.
Source: FactSet, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Repatriation: potential beneficiaries
Below we provide a screen of S&P 500 companies (excluding Financials and Real Estate)
with high (>10%) overseas cash as a percent of market cap, which could potentially
benefit most from repatriation.
Table 20: S&P 500 (ex. Financials & Real Estate) companies with the highest overseas cash* as a % of their market cap (>10%)
Ticker Company Sector Industry Overseas Cash ($mn) Overseas Cash as a % of Mkt Cap
WU Western Union Company Information Technology IT Services 6,100 62%
FSLR First Solar, Inc. Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 1,500 59%
NWS News Corporation Class B Consumer Discretionary Media 813 54%
ORCL Oracle Corporation Information Technology Software 48,200 40%
CSCO Cisco Systems, Inc. Information Technology Communications Equipment 59,800 39%
NTAP NetApp, Inc. Information Technology Technology Hardware, Storage & 4,000 39%
QCOM QUALCOMM Incorporated Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 29,600 36%
AAPL Apple Inc. Information Technology Technology Hardware, Storage & 216,000 34%
JNPR Juniper Networks, Inc. Information Technology Communications Equipment 3,167 30%
SYMC Symantec Corporation Information Technology Software 4,900 29%
PVH PVH Corp. Consumer Discretionary Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goo 2,100 28%
AMGN Amgen Inc. Health Care Biotechnology 29,000 26%
GE General Electric Company Industrials Industrial Conglomerates 64,680 24%
MSFT Microsoft Corporation Information Technology Software 108,900 22%
TDC Teradata Corporation Information Technology IT Services 819 22%
CTSH Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. Class A Information Technology IT Services 7,495 22%
RL Ralph Lauren Corporation Class A Consumer Discretionary Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goo 1,085 21%
CA CA, Inc. Information Technology Software 2,137 21%
WAT Waters Corporation Health Care Life Sciences Tools & Services 2,346 20%
LRCX Lam Research Corporation Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 3,500 19%
NWSA News Corporation Class A Consumer Discretionary Media 813 18%
GOOG Alphabet Inc. Class C Information Technology Internet Software & Services 42,900 18%
MCHP Microchip Technology Incorporated Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 2,559 17%
GOOGL Alphabet Inc. Class A Information Technology Internet Software & Services 42,900 17%
GILD Gilead Sciences, Inc. Health Care Biotechnology 15,700 17%
VRSN VeriSign, Inc. Information Technology Internet Software & Services 1,200 16%
PBI Pitney Bowes Inc. Industrials Commercial Services & Supplies 470 16%
XLNX Xilinx, Inc. Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 2,240 15%
ADI Analog Devices, Inc. Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 3,374 15%
A Agilent Technologies, Inc. Health Care Life Sciences Tools & Services 2,181 14%
NOV National Oilwell Varco, Inc. Energy Energy Equipment & Services 2,034 14%
CTXS Citrix Systems, Inc. Information Technology Software 1,970 13%
KLAC KLA-Tencor Corporation Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 1,730 13%
GPS Gap, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 685 13%
WDC Western Digital Corporation Information Technology Technology Hardware, Storage & 2,800 13%
GT Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Consumer Discretionary Auto Components 1,042 13%
ADSK Autodesk, Inc. Information Technology Software 2,059 13%
PCLN Priceline Group Inc Consumer Discretionary Internet & Direct Marketing Re 9,800 13%
JNJ Johnson & Johnson Health Care Pharmaceuticals 38,200 13%
MRK Merck & Co., Inc. Health Care Pharmaceuticals 20,995 12%
GLW Corning Inc Information Technology Electronic Equip., Instruments 3,085 12%
MJN Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Consumer Staples Food Products 1,577 11%
LLY Eli Lilly and Company Health Care Pharmaceuticals 8,100 11%
KO Coca-Cola Company Consumer Staples Beverages 17,900 11%
MOS Mosaic Company Materials Chemicals 1,276 11%
AMAT Applied Materials, Inc. Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 4,000 11%
PH Parker-Hannifin Corporation Industrials Machinery 2,065 11%
*For some companies, total overseas cash may represent total accumulated overseas profits. Overseas cash based on BofAML analyst estimates or Bloomberg data from company disclosures.
Note: This screen is not a recommended list either individually or as a group of stocks. Investors should consider the fundamentals of the companies and their own individual circumstances/objective before making any
investment decisions.
Source: FactSet, Bloomberg, BofA Merrill Lynch Global research estimates, BofA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
20 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
End of interest deductibility: who could be hurt?
Below we provide a screen of the top 50 S&P 500 companies (excluding Financials, Real
Estate and Utilities) by high net interest expense as a percentage of net income, which
could potentially be hurt by an end to the deductibility of interest expense.
Table 21: S&P 500 (ex. Financials, Real Estate & Utilities) with high net interest expense as a % of net income
Ticker Company Sector Industry Net Interest Expense (% of L12M Net Income)
CHTR Charter Communications, Inc. Class A Consumer Discretionary Media 1387%
DVN Devon Energy Corporation Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 467%
CXO Concho Resources Inc. Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 357%
MU Micron Technology, Inc. Information Technology Semiconductors & Semiconductor 316%
FCX Freeport-McMoRan, Inc. Materials Metals & Mining 280%
OKE ONEOK, Inc. Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 135%
KMI Kinder Morgan Inc Class P Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 120%
LVLT Level 3 Communications, Inc. Telecommunication Services Diversified Telecommunication 96%
WYNN Wynn Resorts, Limited Consumer Discretionary Hotels Restaurants & Leisure 95%
CTL CenturyLink, Inc. Telecommunication Services Diversified Telecommunication 94%
CF CF Industries Holdings, Inc. Materials Chemicals 92%
NFX Newfield Exploration Company Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 82%
RIG Transocean Ltd. Energy Energy Equipment & Services 81%
NFLX Netflix, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Internet & Direct Marketing Re 80%
SE Spectra Energy Corp Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 78%
TDG TransDigm Group Incorporated Industrials Aerospace & Defense 77%
HCA HCA Holdings, Inc. Health Care Health Care Providers & Servic 63%
MPC Marathon Petroleum Corporation Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 56%
CAT Caterpillar Inc. Industrials Machinery 56%
EVHC Envision Healthcare Corp. Health Care Health Care Providers & Servic 55%
URI United Rentals, Inc. Industrials Trading Companies & Distributo 54%
DVA DaVita Inc. Health Care Health Care Providers & Servic 52%
TGNA TEGNA, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Media 52%
DE Deere & Company Industrials Machinery 50%
MAS Masco Corporation Industrials Building Products 49%
ENDP Endo International Plc Health Care Pharmaceuticals 48%
COTY Coty Inc. Class A Consumer Staples Personal Products 47%
IP International Paper Company Materials Containers & Packaging 47%
R Ryder System, Inc. Industrials Road & Rail 46%
DLTR Dollar Tree, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 46%
NEM Newmont Mining Corporation Materials Metals & Mining 46%
FOX Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc. Class B Consumer Discretionary Media 46%
GT Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Consumer Discretionary Auto Components 45%
RSG Republic Services, Inc. Industrials Commercial Services & Supplies 45%
SEE Sealed Air Corporation Materials Containers & Packaging 45%
PBI Pitney Bowes Inc. Industrials Commercial Services & Supplies 45%
AN AutoNation, Inc. Consumer Discretionary Specialty Retail 44%
KSS Kohl's Corporation Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 44%
F Ford Motor Company Consumer Discretionary Automobiles 43%
VIAB Viacom Inc. Class B Consumer Discretionary Media 42%
MNK Mallinckrodt Plc Health Care Pharmaceuticals 41%
ADS Alliance Data Systems Corporation Information Technology IT Services 41%
WRK WestRock Co. Materials Containers & Packaging 40%
VRTX Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Health Care Biotechnology 39%
BLL Ball Corporation Materials Containers & Packaging 37%
GE General Electric Company Industrials Industrial Conglomerates 37%
M Macy's Inc Consumer Discretionary Multiline Retail 37%
CVX Chevron Corporation Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 37%
SLB Schlumberger NV Energy Energy Equipment & Services 37%
TSO Tesoro Corporation Energy Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels 36%
Note: This screen is not a recommended list either individually or as a group of stocks. Investors should consider the fundamentals of the companies and their own individual circumstances/objective before making any
investment decisions.
Source: FactSet, BofaA Merrill Lynch US Equity & US Quant Strategy
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 21
Related BofAML research on US tax reform
Below we provide links to reports from our BofAML Global Research colleagues that
address this topic.
Economics:
Global Watch: Will border adjustment lead to border battles? 18 January 2017
US Economic Weekly: Cutting taxes could be taxing 02 December 2016
Credit strategy:
Situation Room: Corporate tax reform=less debt 28 November 2016
The HY Wire: ‘A Better Way’: tax proposals could affect HY issuance 09 December 2016
FX:
FX Watch: Ten thoughts on Border Adjustments 18 January 2017
FX Viewpoint: Homeland Investment redux? 17 October 2016
Autos:
Automotive Industry: The Trump trade – implications for the automotive value chain 18
January 2017
Consumer/Retail:
Retailing - Hardlines: A taxing set of proposals for Hardline Retailers 14 December 2016
Specialty Retail and Department Stores: Border adjustment seems unlikely but would
decimate retail earnings 14 December 2016
US Consumer Staples: Policy changes: what to watch for 18 January 2017
Cosmetics, Household & Personal Care: 2017 – The Year Ahead: a few diamonds in the
rough 10 January 2017
Consumer Staples: 2017 - the year ahead: sector rotation puts fundamentals in focus 13
December 2016
Tobacco: Tobacco Year Ahead 2017; see domestic players having more upside potential
this yr 04 January 2017
Homebuilders and Building Products: State of the union 12 December 2016
Financials / Real Estate:
2017 Banks Year Ahead: T-R-U-M-P: Find out what it means for “E” (20% potential
upside) 10 January 2017
US Banks Chart of the Week: Muni exposure will mute benefit from lower corporate
taxes 11 December 2016
Insurance: Tax changes could have mixed implications 18 January 2017
Brokers, Asset Managers & Exchanges: 2017 Year Ahead: An attractive outlook, with 12-
20%+ upside, with catalysts 12 January 2017
U.S. REITs: Regulatory changes are coming: A REIT analyst guidebook 17 January 2017
Health Care:
Managed Care: MCO rally has just begun; beneficiaries of the non-Health Care upside
from Trump 02 December 2016
Biotechnology: On the road to recovery 04 January 2017
Healthcare: 2017 – the year ahead: the only constant is change 15 December 2016
22 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
Energy:
Refiners: What’s going on with Refining in 2017: potential benefits in a Trump
administration 05 January 2017
Industrials / Materials:
Industrials/Multi-Industry: DEM#217: The Year Ahead; Resetting for higher US growth
and inflation 09 January 2017
Engineering & Construction: 2017 view: energy backlog more 2H story, own
infrastructure & federal 12 January 2017
Transportation - Railroads: 2017 Rail Year Ahead: Macro factors favor group; 1H comps
set stage for growth 12 January 2017
Business, Education & Professional Services: 2017 year ahead: INFO top pick in
Business Services 12 January 2017
Basic Materials & Industrials 2017 Year Ahead: Buy America and inflation, but watch the
US dollar and interest rates 12 December 2016
Global Chemicals: Potential tax reform could be more meaningful than infrastructure
spending 15 December 2016
Tech:
Apple Inc.: Deep Dive - Benefit from lower U.S. tax rate, but border tax could be onerous
13 January 2017
Server & Enterprise Software: Tax reform +ve for INTU, CRM; Cash repatriation +ve for
ORCL, MSFT, VMW 12 December 2016
Semiconductor Capital Equipment: Tax sensitivity analysis. Repatriation a bigger deal
than taxes for Semicaps, EDA 02 December 2016
Telecom Equipment: New administration appears likely to drive spending on
infrastructure & cyber security 18 January 2017
Internet/e-Commerce: Top 2017 US Internet Sector Drivers – Trump Act One 17 January
2017
Telecom:
Wireline & Wireless Telecom Services: For AT&T, Verizon and CenturyLink, the telco tax
trade could be ‘Huge’ 19 December 2016
Wireline & Wireless Telecom Services: 2017 Year Ahead – Fiscal forces, regulation, and
video migration to mobile 10 January 2017
Media:
Media & Entertainment: 2017 year ahead - living the stream 11 January 2017
Cable/Satellite: 2017 year ahead – reform, relief and resilience 11 January 2017
Utilities:
Utilities: 2017 Year Ahead: Washington DC will likely cast a long shadow on utilities 06
January 2017
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 23
Methodology
Repatriation impact
We estimated cumulative overseas profits for the S&P 500 excluding Financials and
Real Estate via three sources: 1) Bloomberg data on cash held overseas (if
disclosed/available), 2) BofAML analyst estimates on cumulative overseas profits or
cash, and 3) our own estimate if neither (1) or (2) are available, based on (Total cash x
[% of foreign sales +10%]) for companies with at least 5% foreign sales.
We apply the effective tax rates proposed by Trump (10%) and the Blueprint (8.75%) to
our estimated $1.2tn in overseas cash to determine taxes due for the S&P 500 ex.
Financials & Real Estate. We estimate that 100% is brought back given that the tax is
mandatory. To compute the one-time tax impact to GAAP EPS, we divide the cumulative
tax impact by the S&P 500 divisor, after first excluding the impact from several large
multinationals (e.g. AAPL) which already provision a portion of their overseas profits for
US taxes and have effective US tax rates well above 35%.
Note that for companies for which our analysts provided estimates, we asked them to
provide cumulative overseas profits if possible, but in most cases this number reflects
overseas cash. Thus, taxes paid could be slightly higher than we estimate given that
both the Blueprint and Trump’s plans suggest a mandatory tax on all accumulated
overseas profits, some of which may be permanently reinvested; here, the Blueprint
suggests a lower 3.5% tax for retained earnings not held in cash/equivalents, suggesting
that any additional taxes payable that we are not capturing are likely to be small.
To calculate the % EPS impact from buybacks, we subtract the amount of taxes payable
from total cash brought back for the S&P 500 ex. Financials & Real Estate (and for each
sector) and divide this by the market cap for the S&P 500 (and for each sector.) We
multiply this % impact for the overall index by our 2018E EPS of $137 to determine the
potential EPS impact, applying various buyback scenarios (10-100%). We use 50% as a
base case scenario, which is lower than the 80% brought back during the 2004 tax
holiday, to be conservative.
Border adjustments impact on EPS
We estimate the costs of goods imported and exported for each company using the
latest company filings, conversations with analysts, industry research, management
commentary and the Input-Output accounts data published by the U.S. Department of
Commerce. For more information about the Input-Output accounts data, please refer to
the Bureau of Economic Analysis website at http://www.bea.gov/industry/io_annual.htm.
When using the estimates based on Input-Output accounts, we adjust them to account
for the varying foreign exposures of different S&P 500 industries. For companies that
source products through importers (e.g. retailers), we only included the costs of goods
estimated to be directly imported by each company, as taxes pertaining to those
imported goods should be paid by the importers themselves.
We estimate the earnings impact of border adjustments based on the additional taxes
that companies would pay on the costs of imported goods sold in the US (nondeductible)
and any reduction in taxes related to the production costs for exported
goods (deductible). To calculate this, we multiple the net value of imported COGS by the
assumed tax rate. Note that the net impact can be either positive or negative depending
on whether the company is a net importer or exporter. We assume a 50% haircut to the
impact to account for from alternate sourcing, currency rates and pricing power.
Lower corporate tax rate impact on EPS
We estimate the normalized effective domestic tax rate of a company based on
conversations with the analysts or the median 5-year domestic income tax rate. If a
company had a negative tax rate for a particular year, we exclude the tax rate of that
24 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
year from the median calculation. For companies with normalized tax rates of more than
75%, we assume 35%.
The impact of a lower corporate tax rate on company earnings is directly proportional to
the difference between the current domestic tax rate and the proposed tax rate. The
impact is calculated by taking the difference between the current tax rate and the
proposed tax rate, and dividing it by (1-current tax rate).
To calculate the impact of a lower corporate tax rate on the S&P 500 earnings, we can
divide the change in the effective tax rate by (1 – the current effective tax rate).
Interest deductibility impact
We estimate the cost associated with the removal of the net interest expense deduction
from taxable income by multiplying the net interest expense by the tax rate.
Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 25
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26 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017
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Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 27
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023271.txt,"To: Melanie Spinlla (i i i Zi >

you were at 30 30/ meat 6040. ./ proposal 50/25 and in additon I would be allowed to recommend
15 from directly from your own foundation. All payments to be made in addtion to currently owed. so
$40 on april 25 , $30 june 15 ,and the alreadly owed $10 as planned on oct 15. I would direct the 15
charity in the next 12 months, and the last 25 to be paid on conclusion.

leon

10 am - Arrival at White Plains / Westchester Airport

FBO and US customs is ""Jet Systems Aviation""

Adress: 85 Tower Road Hanger E, White Plains, NY, 10604

Telephone

Date: Wed, Mar 25, 2015 at 11:52 PM

Subject: previously sent

To: Melanie Spinella

I heard you when you said you believed 1 had already been paid for the work that is now required. The art
partnership has fully answered all your concerns and discharged all my obligations and more so. . ( FYI
Carlyns art partnership that you referenced is similar in only its title. ) You will also recall that you
required that my payments be at the end of my work not at the beginning as everyone else's .( my work
was never to include hours upon hours of training your staff). I eventually agreed, this of course
should make clear that the 2014 tax year that will close Oct 2015 is not covered by our past
agreement at all. I pointed this very fact out to you when I initially proposed a multi year agreement
right out of the box. you said you preferred not. As you said ,I have produced results to date, far in
excess of even my own exalted opinion of my projections. I have devoted a monumental amount of my
limited amount of time-- way, way in excess of our agreement. I will be fair, I am willing to roll in
the amount still outstanding from last year if that helps .. However, As my best student , and my only
one, you are now capable of doing most, if not all, of the required work yourself. I can put my
whiteboard away when you come to eat and just have fun, trade stories,. share moments ideas etc.. I
am of course always available to guide you as a friend if you choose that route . always . It will take a
great deal of your time , but you will not have to spend any more money on mine. Weare
scheduled to meet fri at 430 , I leave at 5 am sat morning.So there are no surprises 50m for the
year. . or 30m for until 7/15. you can roll the balance for last year as a concession. half up front. no
more all at the end. ive spoken to brad every day. more questions than answers. joslyn cannot be left
unsupervised. his answers are knee jerk . eillenn told me this , that the other

Date: Thu, Mar 26, 2015 at 12:07 AM
Subject:

To: Melanie Spina i iii

you need to build an entire office from scratch. no question that was never my obigation, - systems ,
personel. finance tax, bookeeping, ,office. complinace. investment. monitoring, banking loans coming
due , review. gs jpm gs, .. plane boat houses construction , new will,. phaidon sale. you are no further

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023271
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025123.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025123
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032714.txt,"From: anasalrasheed

Sent: 1/10/2018 7:29:10 AM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2018-01-10/saudis-alarm-their-friends-more-than-foes-in-mideast-

power-plays

Sent from my iPhone

On Jan 8, 2018, at 2:53 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Me too

On me tooMon, Jan 8, 2018 at 1:27 AM Sr CU wrote:

im traveling to see terry and antonio in dubai and bahrain .. wish you were here .. weather is greatbid

Sent from my iPhone

On Jan 3, 2018, at 9:05 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/michael-wolff-fire-and-fur

-book-donald-trump.html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032714
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013745.txt,"role of self-intersection on manifolds in this new source of irreversibility (with a

resulting “arrow of time”) is developed in Mackey (1992).

As noted, the skeleton which configures attractors is composed of unstable,
“saddle” fixed points, each of which attract (iron down) the trajectory along one
dimension and repel or spread it out along another. Systems fulfilling the criteria for
a chaotic dynamical system have the property of a countably infinite number of
unstable periodic orbits composed of these unstable fixed points. Depending upon
parameters, the orbital points can pull up their tails to be discrete with respect to
each other or spread along the unstable direction to connect smoothly with others
along a curve such as a saddle cycle. Parametric control of the strengths and
structures of the saddle point skeleton of typical attractors can be used to change
both the rate of generation of novel symbols as well as recurrances to old ones in
the symbolic dynamics generating a brain dynamical system’s lexagraphic products
(Bowen, 1978; Alexeev and Jacobson, 1981)).

Using a variety of techniques to algorithmically register “return times,”
experimental condition-sensitive “saddle orbits” composing unstable periodic orbits
have been demonstrated in geometric reconstructions of real data series generated
by a 40+ component chemical reaction (Lathrop and Kostelich, 1989), in response
to natural stimuli in the time dependent behavior of the crayfish caudal
photoreceptor (Pei and Moss, 1996) and in the interburst interval sequences
recorded in hippocampal slices of the rat (So et al, 1997; So et al, 1998). If the
reader uses the software listed above to simulate the time evolution of one of these
attractors of abstract or real systems , she will learn that a remarkably small number
of points, a very short time sample, will outline, “shadow” (Bowen, 1978), the
complete array of unstable fixed points before filling in the attractor. It is tempting to
speculate about the potential nervous system relevance of this dynamical
anticipation of the attractor’s recognizable geometry, as well as a precis of what the
symbolic dynamics are going to say occurs many time steps before filling in the

attractor and its asymptotic message. Values of the measures made on the early

unstable periodic orbit arrays such ht, hu and 4(+), resemble very closely those

245

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013745
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019708.txt,"CHAPTER 21
The Russians Are Coming

The collapse of the Soviet Union was a major geopolitical disaster
of the century.

—VLADIMIR PUTIN

I THE FIRST INVASION of a European country since the end of
the Cold War, Russian military forces moved into the Crimea and
other parts of eastern Ukraine in February and March 2014. Unlike
with previous Russian troop movements, such as those into Poland,
Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany during the Cold War,
the weeklong massing of Russian elite troops and sophisticated
equipment for the move into Ukraine almost totally evaded detection
by the NSA’s surveillance. Never before had the NSA’s multibillion-
dollar armada of sensors and other apparatus for intercepting signals
missed such a massive military operation. According to a report in
The Wall Street Journal that cited Pentagon sources, Russian units
had managed to hide all electronic traces of their elaborate prepara-
tions. If so, after more than half a century of attempted penetrations,
Russia had apparently found a means of stymieing the interception
capabilities of the NSA.

Putin had firm ideas about restoring Russia’s power in the post—
Cold War era. A formidable KGB officer before he became president

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.indd 220 ® 9/30/16 8:13AM | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019708
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030773.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 12/11/2017 7:54:19 PM 
To: Michael Wolff [ 
Subject: Re: 
beleive you me , i do 
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 8:52 PM, Michael Wolff <_______________________________ wrote: 
Cross your fingers. 
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 8:39 PM jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
you and i are old news? :) . 
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 5:57 PM, Michael Wolff <MMMNIMMIMMI> wrote: 
And they won't be the last. My buddy, Lorin Stein, who runs the Paris Review--the Paris Review for god's 
sake!--just went down. The 80-year-old father of my friend Rachel Horovitz--the playright Israel Horovitz--
whacked. Big names on the horizon: Michael Douglas, Larry Gagosian, and still my favorite, Arthur 
Sulzberger. 
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 5:52 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Strange time I have two more friends up to bat 
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 5:47 PM Michael Wolff 111111111111111.1111111111.1.1.11111111111111. wrote: 
Looks like I can't get away. But will be back in NYC on Sunday. Let me know when you're back too. I 
have a bad feeling about this new Woody round. It could pull him into the general Harvey pool of the 
despised and shunned. Clearly what Ronan and company are hoping for. I think Bannon may be right. This 
is not going to end until Trump goes down. 
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 3:12 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/dec/10/glenn-simpsons-fusion-gps-ran-donald-trump-
smear-c/  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030773 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030774 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020189.txt,"37

down-loading documents for some 10 months before he copied these documents. When I
discussed the chronology of the copied documents with a former government official briefed on
the investigation, he suggested that Snowden’s purpose may have changed between 2012 and
2013. When I asked him what might have induced the change, he replied “That is one of the
unanswered questions.” That Snowden only took these two whistle-blowing documents at the
tail-end of his 9-month operation, and after he had contacted Poitras and Greenwald, suggests he
may have had another motive prior to contacting journalists. In light of this chronology, the
investigation had to consider the possibility that his whistle-blowing was, partly if not wholly, a
cover for another enterprise.

The investigation soon ran into another serious issue: his access. Snowden had described to
journalists a situation in which he had access to“ millions of records that [he] could walk out the
door with at any time with no accountability, no oversight, no auditing, the government didn’t
even know they were gone,” but, as it turned out, he was not among the limited number of
individuals at the Center who had access to these documents, The NSA’s and Booz Allen’s
employment records showed that Snowden had not yet completed his requisite on-the- job
training at the National Threat Operations Center in Hawaii when he carried out the theft.
Consequently, he had not yet been provided with the passwords he needed to get the documents.
A former NSA official bluntly told me that Snowden, at least during the period of the thefts in
April and May 2013, had no more legitimate access to the compartments than the cleaning
personnel at the Center. Somehow he converted his proximity to access.

This lack of access could not be ignored in any law-enforcement investigation. Consider if a

hundred top-quality D-flawless diamonds were stolen from locked vaults at Tiffany’s by a recently-
hired trainee who, it turned out, did not have either the combination to open these vaults. One
possibility that the police would be expected to consider was that the trainee might have had help
from a current or former insider at the company who knew the combinations. Snowden had
accomplished a similar inexplicable feat as the hypothetical jewel thief.

In Snowden’s case, the FBI had to consider two very different possibilities that could explain
how he could have acquired the password. He said in his video confession that he was solely
responsible but there was another possibility. He had help, unwitting or witting, from others and
he was trying to protect away from them.

The FBI faced a dilemma. It could either assume that the NSA’s security regime was so badly
flawed that Snowden could trick his fellow workers into providing him with access or that there
was another individual at the Center who might have assisted or directed Snowden. If it pursued
the former hypothesis, it could close the case as far as the sitting Grand Jury was concerned.
After all, Snowden had admitted he was the perpetrator and, if further evidence was needed, he
could be seen showing stolen documents to Greenwald on the video. And Greenwald later used
these documents. For the Grand Jury, it was, as one former federal prosecutor put it, “a slam
dunk.” Not even Snowden denied the charge that he gave secret documents to individuals that

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020189
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016274.txt,"When the machine no longer simply computes a function but instead maintains a
state, it can start to make inferences about the human by the sequence of requests
presented to it. And when different programs correlate across different request streams—
say, correlating Web-page searches with social-media posts, or the payment for services
on another platform, or the dwell time on a particular advertisement, or where the user
has walked or driven with their GPS-enabled smartphone—the total systems of many
programs communicating with one another and with databases leads to a whole new loss
of privacy. The great exploitative leap made by so many West Coast companies has been
to monetize those inferences without the knowing permission of the person generating the
interactions with the computing machine platforms.

Wiener, Turing, and von Neumann could not foresee the complexity of those
platforms, wherein the legal mumbo-jumbo of the terms-of-use contracts the humans
willingly enter into, without an inkling of what they entail, leads them to give up rights
they would never concede in a one-on-one interaction with another human being. The
computation platforms have become a shield behind which some companies hide in order
to inhumanly exploit others. In certain other countries, the governments carry out these
manipulations, and there the goal 1s not profits but the suppression of dissent.

Humankind has gotten itself into a fine pickle: We are being exploited by
companies that paradoxically deliver services we crave, and at the same time our lives
depend on many software-enabled systems that are open to attack. Getting ourselves out
of this mess will be a long-term project. It will involve engineering, legislation, and most
important, moral leadership. Moral leadership is the first and biggest challenge.

54

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016274
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030094.txt,"4 The Virgin Islands Daily News

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Where are the Epstein records?

By JULIE K. BROWN
Miami Herald

Three months have passed since a
judicial panel in New York heard argu-
ments to unseal documents that could
reveal whether federal prosecutors
covered up evidence that New ‘York fi-
nancier Jeffrey Epstein and others were
running an underage sex trafficking
operation.

In| March, the
United States
Court of Appeals
for the Second Cir-
cuit seemed poised
to rdease some
documents in the
case. The records
involve Epstein’s
one-time partner,
Ghislaine = Max-
well, who has been
accused of helping him recruit and sex-
ually exploit girls and young women
in various locations around the United
States and abroad in the late 1990s and
early 2000s.

The appeals panel gave all parties in
the case until March 29 to file addition-
al pleadings. Several challenges were

Jeffrey Epstein

subsequently filed, but the court has yet
tomake a final ruling.

The Miami Herald — one of the in-
tervenors in the case — has submitted
a letter to the court unging the judges to
follow through on the case in the wake
of a controversial Justice Department
decision last week. In a 35-page mo-
tion, filed June 24, federal prosecutors
in Georgia declared that they would not
set aside Epstein’s federal non-prosecu-
tion agreement.

The Georgia decision dealt another
blow to Epstein’s victims who have
been fighting for a decade to have the
deal thrown out and to pressure the
Justice Department to prosecute the
66-year-old multimillionaire on sex
trafficking charges. It also means that
the Justice Department has no intention
of allowing Epstein’s victims and the
public to examine the facts of Epstein’:
case and reach their own conclusions,
the Herald argues in the letter.

In February, a federal judge in Flor-
ida, Kenneth A. Marra, ruled in the
victims’ favor, saying that the govern-
ment violated the Crime Victims’ Right
Act when it failed to inform Epstein’
victims that prosecutors had secretly
disposed of the case.

Marra ordered the govemment and
attomeys for the victims to come up
with remedies to address the federal
violation.

U.S. Attomey Byung Pak responded
last week, saying that Epstein’s victims
are free to express their displeasure
about what prosecutors dic, but they
have no right under the law to demand
anything from the government — not
even an apology.

Sanford L. Bohrer, the Miami Her
ald’s attorney, said that Pak’s decision
highlights the pressing need for the New
York appeals court to expedite unsealing
the documents in Maxwell's case.

That case is a 2015 defamation law-
suit filed against Maxwell, the daughter
of the late Bntish media mogul Robert
Maxwell. Maxwell, now 37 and an envi-
ronmentalist, has been accused of assist-
ing Epstein in the trafficking of under
age girls and young women to powerful
and wealthy politicians, lawyers, scien-
tists and businessmen.

She has denied the allegations and has
never been charged with any crimes.

The Herald’s lawyer contends that
the Justice Department's decision last
week shows that the government con-
tinues to evade public accountabil-

VIRGIN ISLANDS

ARMY
NATIONAL

GUARD
*

ity and, therefore, it's more urgent than
ever that the Maxwell case be made
public.

“[Pak’s] submission makes clear that
access to the documents that [the Her-
ald and other parties] seek in [the Max-
well] matter remains an issue of critical
public concern,” Bohrer wrote ina let-
ter to Catherine O"" Hagan Wolfe, clerk
of the court for the appeals panel. He
said the government “essentially argues
that Epstein’s victims are not entitled to
any meaningful redress, including par-
tial rescission, declaratory relief and
specific injunctive relief requested.”

In 2008, the FBI had identified near-
ly three dozen underage victims who
were allegedly lured to Epstein’s man-
sion in Palm Beach under the pretext
that he would pay them for massages.
The girls, mostly 13 to 16 years old
were groomed by Epstein and others
who worked for him to engage in sex.
acts with him and others, the evidence
showed.

In November, the Miami Herald
published an investigation that exam-
ined how then-Miami U.S. Attomey
Alexander Acosta negotiated a secret
non-prosecution agreement that re-
sulted in Epstein receiving an extraor-
dinanly light sentence.

Acosta, who is now President
Donald Trump’s labor secretary,
ensured that the agreement was
sealed so that no one — not even the
victims — would know the scope
of Epstein’s crimes or who was in-
volved. Epstein’s lawyers worked to-
gether with prosecutors to limit pub-
lic scrutiny of the case, and arranged
for Epstein to quietly plead guilty to
lesser charges in state court, the Her-
ald series revealed.

The handling of the case is now under
investigation by the Department of Justice.

As part of the Herald’s senes, the
newspaper went to court in 2018 to
unseal the Maxwell case, which was

Wednesday, July 3, 2019

settled in 2017. A contingent of other
media companies, aconservative social
media blogger and Epstein’s lawyer,
Alan Dershowitz, are also seeking to
have the Maxwell case made public.

The defamation case was filed against
Maxwell by Virginia Roberts Giuffre,
who claims she was recruited by Max-
well when she was 16 and working as
aspa attendant at Mar-a-Lago, Trump's
lavish country club in Palm Beach. In
court papers, she Claimed that Epstein
and Maxwell directed her to have sex
with public figures. In a sworn affida-
wit, she has named Prince Andrew and
Dershowitz as among those she had sex
with when she was underage. Both the
prince and the famed lawyer have de-
nied her claims.

Dershowitz wants the Maxwell case
made public because he says that the
documents will exonerate him. Also
party to the appeal is social media blog-
ger Michael Cernovich.

Based on the court filings, the case is
believed to contain a range of evidence,
including testimony from other pos-
sible underage victims who were traf-
ficked. All parties inthe case, including
the Herald, have agreed to redact the
names of minors and other details that
would identify victims.

Maxwell is the sole party fighting to
keep the ertire record sealed. Two other
currently unidentified people, labeling
themselves as John Does, have filed
legal briefs in an attempt to conceal
personal information that could con-
nect them to the alleged underage sex
trafficking operation.

Epstein, who was not party to the
Maxwell suit, has denied that he ran
a sex trafficking operation, and his at-
tomeys say that the number of victims
involved has been “vastly exaggerated”
by the media.

In addition to Florida and N.Y., Ep-
stein lives on Little St. James Island off
St. Thomas.

DO YOU NEED A
PROFESSIONAL
HEADSHOT
PICTURE FOR
WORK, TRAVEL,
OR DRIVING?

HUGHES PHOTO
Sunny Isle Shopping Center, St, Croix « (340) 778-6827

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030094
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030015.txt,"From: Peter Attia 
Sent: 8/6/2015 12:41:53 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Bill Clinton Encouraged Donald Trump to Run 
Importance: High 
Funny article 
Bill Clinton reportedly had an intriguing 
phone call with Donald Trump weeks 
before his campaign launch 
Rudolph W. Giuliani, Donald Trump, and Bill Clinton attend the 2008 Joe Torre Safe 
at Home Foundation Golf Classic at Trump National Golf Club on July 14, 2008, in 
Briarcliff Manor, New York. 
Former President Bill Clinton and real-estate magnate Donald Trump reportedly 
had a phone conversation in May, only weeks before Trump launched his campaign. 
According to a new report from The Washington Post, Clinton called Trump in May 
and ""encouraged Trump's efforts"" to become more influential within the GOP, 
according to four ""Trump allies"" and one Clinton associate ""familiar with the 
exchange."" 
From The Washington Post's Robert Costa and Anne Gearan: 
""Four Trump allies and one Clinton associate familiar with the exchange said that 
Clinton encouraged Trump's efforts to play a larger role in the Republican Party and 
offered his own views of the political landscape."" 
""The tone of the call was informal and Clinton never urged Trump to run, the four 
people said. Rather, they said, Clinton sounded curious about Trump's moves 
toward a presidential bid and told Trump that he was striking a chord with 
frustrated conservatives and was a rising force on the right."" 
Hillary Clinton, Bill's wife, is the front-runner for the Democratic nomination for 
president in 2016. 
The Clintons have long had ties with the real-estate magnate. As The Post notes, 
Hillary Clinton attended Trump's wedding in 2005, and the reality-television 
personality donated money to her past Senate campaigns, though he has also 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030015 
donated to several of his own Republican presidential rivals. He has said 
those donations were transactional. 
The former president has spoken positively of Trump in the past. 
In a 2012 interview with CNN, Clinton said he liked Trump, despite the real-estate 
mogul's controversial campaign to get President Barack Obama to release his birth 
certificate. 
""Donald Trump has been uncommonly nice to Hillary and me. We're all New 
Yorkers,"" Clinton said. ""I like him. And I love playing golf with him."" 
Aides to both Bill Clinton and Trump did not comment on record to The Post. 
Hillary Clinton's campaign also didn't respond to a request for comment. 
Bill Clinton has occasionally doled out advice to Republican presidential candidates. 
In 2012, Clinton reportedly gave former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney (R) some 
tips before his successful debate with President Barack Obama, telling the governor 
how to appear in command onstage. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030016 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026677.txt,"From: soon yi previn 
Sent: 6/30/2017 2:23:16 AM 
To: soon yi previn [] 
Subject: Funny dog video of a dog gnawing at Donald Trump's hair. 
Attachments: IMG_0642.MP4.mov; ATT00001.txt 
Importance: High 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026677 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028803.txt,"Financier in sex abuse case went from
math whiz to titan

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028803
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028882.txt,"From: Lisa New 
Sent: 10/27/2014 1:48:05 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: writing up proposal 
Importance: High 
Dear Jeffrey, 
Larry has told me that you and a friend would like to contribute to my project (hallelujah and thank you a 
million times, Jeffrey) and that I ought to write up a proposal asking for 500,000. This is wonderful. If this 
comes to pass, the best way for that money to come, I think, is as a gift to Poetry in America, an initiative at 
EdLabs at Harvard University. This will give me discretion over its disbursement to HarvardX and WGBH, but 
this will be absolutely be a Harvard gift that will count as Campaign success and from which Harvard will take 
some (but not as much)overhead. . So far the best finance people I've met are at EdLabs and they are happy to 
manage these funds for me. There are other ways to give me this money that leave Harvard out, but my 
understanding is that your friend would like this to be a Harvard gift. 
Here's a draft of what I'd like to do with that money. 
I'd like 500,000 to do post-production and distribution of a whole historical period of American poetry (1914-
1945 is what I'm thinking—Modernism) and including three episodes of tv. 
The raw materials for that period include interviews with Bill Clinton (including footage not yet used by 
WGBH), Peter Gallison, Walter Isaacson, Lena Dunham, Woody Allen (whose lawyers didn't like our release a 
while ago, but we're hoping will soften over time), Harrison Ford (still a maybe), Robert Polito, Sarah Kay, Al 
Filreis, Rafael Campo, Susan Howe, kids from Nantucket High School, kids from Brookline High 
School, Alfre Woodard, Jane Pickering, Jay Parini, Ray Dalio, Leon Wieseltier, Richard Dawkins and others; 
and footage shot in Harlem, Greenwich Village, midtown, Chicago, London (if I have the money to hire a crew 
there; don't now ), at museums including the Fogg, Harvard Museum of Natural History, Frost's house in Ripton 
Vermont and more. 
This allows the donor to give to a big Harvard Campaign priority, Teaching and Learning , by supporting Poetry 
in America, allowing me to produce the crucial segment of the online course with the highest (TV quality) 
production values and so also supplying higher quality video to WGBH as a way also to cut their costs. 
Currently, HarvardX skimps (on lighting, for instance--see the Bill Clinton interview) and while WGBH ladles 
money raised by others into everything. I have been pounding away at my friends at WGBH and I know that 
WGBH producer will work with HarvardX if they can give him footage of the right quality. . That is, we'll use 
HarvardX as the backlot for WGBH so as to squeeze three episodes out for 250. 
This proposal does not include experiments in schools or the curricular development into courses for teachers 
that you've seen in other (million dollar ) proposals. But the courses for teachers can't happen before the 
footage is developed, and these courses will have as their centerpiece the WGBH episodes, and so this funding 
will make all the rest possible. 
I can polish this narrative and or edit it, if there are things you think I have wrong. 
And I can attach a draft budget based on real Harvard numbers (what my Harvard video editor, producer, media 
manager cost) as well as a draft WGBH budget I'll now go an negotiate with them. Or we can do that at a 
second stage. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 028882 
Let me know what you think? And when are we reading Whitman together. Why don't we set a date for Feb 
when Poetry in America 3: Whitman is running online and we could screen a little video and then have a 
discussion around your table with you and some friends? 
Lisa 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 028883 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013023.txt,"Chapter 6
A Brief Overview of CogPrime

6.1 Introduction

Just as there are many different approaches to human flight — airplanes, helicopters, balloons,
spacecraft, and doubtless many methods no person has thought of yet — similarly, there are likely
many different approaches to advanced artificial general intelligence. All the different approaches
to flight exploit the same core principles of aerodynamics in different ways; and similarly, the
various different approaches to AGI will exploit the same core principles of general intelligence
in different ways.

In the chapters leading up to this one, we have taken a fairly broad view of the project
of engineering AGI. We have presented a conception and formal model of intelligence, and
described environments, teaching methodologies and cognitive and developmental pathways
that we believe are collectively appropriate for the creation of AGI at the human level and
ultimately beyond, and with a roughly human-like bias to its intelligence. These ideas stand
alone and may be compatible with a variety of approaches to engineering AGI systems. However,
they also set the stage for the presentation of CogPrime, the particular AGI design on which
we are currently working.

The thorough presentation of the CogPrime design is the job of Part 2 of this book — where,
not only are the algorithms and structures involved in CogPrime reviewed in more detailed,
but their relationship to the theoretical ideas underlying CogPrime is pursued more deeply.
The job of this chapter is a smaller one: to give a high-level overview of some key aspects the
CogPrime architecture at a mostly nontechnical level, so as to enable you to approach Part
2 with a little more idea of what to expect. The remainder of Part 1, following this chapter,
will present various theoretical notions enabling the particulars, intent and consequences of the
CogPrime design to be more thoroughly understood.

6.2 High-Level Architecture of CogPrime

Figures 6.1, 6.2 , 6.4 and 6.5 depict the high-level architecture of CogPrime, which involves
the use of multiple cognitive processes associated with multiple types of memory to enable
an intelligent agent to execute the procedures that it believes have the best probability of
working toward its goals in its current context. In a robot preschool context, for example, the

107

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013023
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010792.txt,"wo worn oO FW ND bP

BM NM NNN BP BP ee ee BR BoB
nk WD HEH OU DMI HU FWD HO

213

(Recess was held from 9:49 a.m. until 10:01 a.m.)
VIDEOGRAPHER: Going back on the record.

The time is approximately 10:01 a.m.

MR. SCOTT: If you've finished your bagel,
we're ready to proceed, J think,

MR. SCAROLA: I think we are. I was
actually ready to proceed a little bit earlier,

but we'll proceed now.

BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. Mr. Dershowitz, do you agree with the
basic concept that one is presumed to be innocent
until proven guilty?

A. Yes.

Q. Has Virginia Roberts ever been proven to
be guilty of any crime at any time, anywhere, at any
age?

A. I don't know the answer to that question,
but I do know that she was brought into the legal
system for stealing money from her employer and |
think it's fair to characterize that as her having a
criminal record, yeah.

Q. Te the extent that anyone might interpret
your comment that Virginia Roberts was ever
convicted of a crime, they would be drawing a false
conclusion as far as you know, correct?

oO on~ay nm FF WN

RN NNR NN HE PP PP RP RP BP eB
OHeWKHH OO MAH UM WHR O

214 |

A. As far as } know, I don’t know of her
having convicted of any crime. But I do know that

she was proceeded against for having stolen money.
And | don't think she contested that. I don’t think
there's any dispute about the fact that she stole

money and engaged in other crimes as well.

Q. When did you find out about this alleged
crime?

A. As soon as the false allegation against me
was made public, | got call after call after call
from people telling me about Virginia Roberts, about
your 22 clients. The calls just kept coming in
because there was such outrage at this false
allegation being directed against me.

MR. SCAROLA: Move to strike the
unresponsive portion of the answer.
BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. You found out as soon as the CVRA
complaint was -- the CVRA allegations referencing
you were filed; is that correct?

A. I didn't say that. I said as soon as they
were made public and as soon as the newspapers
carried these false stories, I recetved phone calls
and I leamed about -- | learned about her encounter
with the criminal justice system.

wo Oman Mm PW bw

NNN NN MH eM we ee bo BoB ob
PWN H OW ANA UF WDH HO

25

oOoMU MAI HO Ff WD

215

Q. That would certainly have been prior to
February 23rd of 2015, correct?

A. Yes.

MR. SCOTT: Are you going back to the
exhibit now with the newspapers and --
MR. SCAROLA: Not yet.
MR. SCOTT: Okay.
BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. Having reviewed the available airplane
flight logs, you are aware that Bill Clinton flew on
at least 15 occasions with Jeffrey Epstein on his
private plane, correct?

A. Yes.

Q. Have you ever attempted to get flight log
information with regard to Former President
Clinton's other private airplane travel?

A. No.

Q. Never made a public records request —-

A. Yes.

Q. -- under the Freedom of Information Act
with regard to those records?

A. Well, we have made a Freedom of
Information request. My -- my attorney in New York,
Louis Freeh, the former head of the FBI, has made a
FOIA request for all information that would

216

conclusively prove that Bill Clinton was never on
Jeffrey Epstein’s island, yes.

Q. And you were denied those records,
correct?

A. No, no, no.

Q. Oh, you got them?

MR. SCOTT: Well, wait a minute. Let's
take it slow. Ask a question.

A. Asany lawyer knows, FOIA requests take a
long, long period of time. So they were neither
denied nor were they given to us. They are very
much in process.

BY MR. SCAROLA:

Q. When was --

A. While we're talking about -- may I
complete -- | want to amend one answer | gave
previously.

While we're talking about the plane logs,
] must say that during the recess, my wife Googled
Tatiana and found out that she was, in fact, 24
years old in 1995, at the time she flew on that
airplane. So that my characterization of her as
about 25 years old is absolutely correct.

And the implication that you sought to
draw by showing me those pictures was not only

10 (Pages 213 to 216)

www. phippsreporting.com
(888) 811-3408

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010792
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021749.txt,"From: Darren indyke [a

Sent: 3/14/2019 5:28:39 PM

To: jeevacation@gmail.com

cc: Darren Indyke

Subject: Fwd: Epstein prosecutor was rebuked for prior child sex case | Miami Herald

Attachments: WilliamZloch.jpeg

Importance: — High

DARREN K. INDYKE

5300 W. Atlantic Avenue, Suite 602
Delray Beach, Florida 33484
Telephone:
Telecopier:

KKKKEKKKEKEKK KEKE KK KEKE KEKE KEKE KK EEK KEK KEK ERK ERK EKEKK EEK EK KEK EEK EK KEK KEK EK EK EK KEK ERK KKK EK KEK EEK EKEKEK ERK EEK EKEKEK EEK EEKEKER

The information contained in this communication is confidential, may be attorney-client
privileged, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of
Darren K. Indyke. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication

or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail, and destroy this
communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments.

Copyright of Darren K. Indyke - © 2019 Darren K. Indyke — All rights reserved.

KKKKEKKKEKEKEK KEKE KEK KKK KEK KEK EEK KEKE EK KEK ERE EK EK EK KEK EE KEK KEKE EK EK EK EK EK EE KEE KEK EK EK EEK KEKE EK EEK EE KEKE EK EE KERR EERE EK

Begin forwarded message:

From: Kathy Ruemmler
Subject: Re: Epstein prosecutor was rebuked for prior child sex case | Miami Herald
Date: March 14, 2019 at 1:27:47 PM EDT

To: Darren indyke <_i— as

DARREN K. INDYKE
5300 W. Atlantic Avenue, Suite 602
Delray Beach, Florida 33484

KKKKEKKKEKEKK KEKE KEK ERK KEKE KEKE KEK EEK EE EK ERK EEK EKEKEK EEK EK EK ERK EEK EK KEK EK KEK EKER ERK EEK EK KEK EEK KEKE EK ERE EEK EKEEK EEK EEK ER

The information contained in this communication is confidential, may be attorney-client
privileged, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of
Darren K. Indyke. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication

or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail, and destroy this

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021749
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022609.txt,"107

55 See International Anti-Bribery and Fair Competition Act of 1998, Pub.
L. 105-366, 112 Stat. 3302 (1998); 15 US.C. § 78dd-3(a); see also US.
Dept. OF JUSTICE, CRIMINAL RESOURCE MANUAL § 9-1018 (Nov.
2000) (the Department “interprets [Section 78dd-3(a)] as conferring
jurisdiction whenever a foreign company or national causes an act to be
done within the territory of the United States by any person acting as
that company’s or national'’s agent.”). This interpretation is consistent
with US. treaty obligations. See S. Rep. No. 105-2177 (1998) (expressing
Congress’ intention that the 1998 amendments to the FCPA “conform
it to the requirements ofandto implement the OECD Convyention.”);
Anti-Bribery Convention at art. 4.1, supra note 19 (“Each Party shall
take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over
the bribery ofa foreign public official when the offence is committed in
whole or in part in its territory.”).
5615 US.C.§ 78dd-3(a); see, CL Criminal Information, United States v.
Alcatel-Lucent France, S.A., et al., No. 10-cr-20906 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 27,
2010), ECF No. 1 [hereinafter United States v. Alcatel-Lucent France|
(subsidiary of French publicly traded company convicted of conspiracy
to violate FCPA), available at http ://www.justice.gov/ criminal/fraud/
fcpa/ cases/alcatel-lucent-sa-etal/12-27- 10alcatel-et-al-info.pdf; Criminal
Information, United States v. DaimlerChrysler Automotive Russia
SAO, No. 10-cr-64 (D.D.C. Mar. 22, 2010), ECF No. 1 (subsidiary of
German publicly traded company convicted of violating FCPA), available
at http ://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/cases/daimler/03-22-
10daimlerrussia-info.pdf; Criminal Information, United States v. Siemens
S.A. (Argentina), No. 08-cr-368 (D.D.C. Dec. 12, 2008), ECF No. 1
(subsidiary of German publicly traded company convicted of violating
FCPA), available at http ://www.justice.gov/ criminal/fraud/ fcpa/ cases/
siemens/ 12- 12-08siemensargen-info. pdf.
>” See 15 US.C. §§ 78dd-2(h)(5) (defining “interstate commerce”), 78dd-
3(£)(5) (same); see also 15 U.S.C. §78c(a)(17).
3815 US.C. §§ 78dd-2(h)(5), 78dd-3(£)(5).
59 See 15 US.C. § 78dd-3.
® Criminal Information, United States v. JGC Corp., No. 11-cr-260
(S.D. Tex. Apr. 6, 2011), ECF No. 1 [hereinafter United States v. JGC
Corp. |, available at http ://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/cases/
jgc-corp/04-6- 1 ljge-corp-info.pdf; Criminal Information, United States
v. Snamprogetti Netherlands BV., No. 10-cr-460 (S.D. Tex. Jul. 7, 2010),
ECF No. 1 [hereinafter United States v. Snamprogetti|, available at
http ://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/cases/snamprogetti/07-07-
10snamprogetti-info.pdf.
$1 See 15 US.C. §§ 78dd-1(g) (“irrespective of whether such issuer or such
officer, director, employee, agent, or stockholder makes use of the mails
or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce in furtherance
of such offer, gift, payment, promise, or authorization”), 78dd-2(i)
(1) Cirrespective of whether such United States person makes use of
the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce in
furtherance of such offer, gift, payment, promise, or authorization”).
&§, Rep. No. 105-277 at 2 (“[T ]he OECD Convention calls on parties
to assert nationality jurisdiction when consistent with national legal
and constitutional principles. Accordingly, the Act amends the FCPA
to provide for jurisdiction over the acts of US. businesses and nationals
in furtherance of unlawful payments that take place wholly outside
the United States. This exercise of jurisdiction over U.S. businesses and
nationals for unlawful conduct abroad is consistent with US. legal
and constitutional principles and is essential to protect USS. interests
abroad.”).
3 Td, at 2-3.
15 US.C. §§ 78dd-1(a), 78dd-2(a), 78dd-3 (a).
% See H.R. Rep. No. 95-831, at 12 (referring to “business purpose” test).
66 See, Cs Complaint, SEC v. Siemens AG, supra note 48; Criminal
Information, United States v. Siemens AG, supra note 48,
S7Tn amending the FCPA in 1988, Congress made clear that the business
purpose element, and specifically the “retaining business” prong, was
meant to be interpreted broadly:

The Conferees wish to make clear that the reference

to corrupt payments for “retaining business” in

present law is not limited to the renewal of contracts

or other business, but also includes a prohibition

against corrupt payments related to the execution

or performance of contracts or the carrying out of

existing business, such as a payment toa foreign

official for the purpose of obtaining more favorable

tax treatment. The term should not, however, be

construed so broadly as to include lobbying or other

normal representations to government officials.
H.R. Rep. No. 100-576, at 1951-52 (internal citations omitted).
8 See, £5 Complaint, SEC v. Panalpina, Inc., No. 10-cv-4334 (S.D. Tex.
Noy. 4, 2010), ECF No. 1 [hereinafter SEC v. Panalpina, Inc.|, available
at http ://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/20 10/comp2 1727.pdf;
Criminal Information, United States v. Panalpina, Inc., No. 10-cr-
765 (S.D. Tex. Nov. 4, 2010), ECF No. 1 [hereinafter United States v.
Panalpina, Inc. |, available at http ://wwwjustice.gov/ criminal/fraud/
fepa/ cases/ panalpina-inc/ 11-04- 10panalpina-info. pdf; Criminal
Information, United States v. Panalpina World Transport (Holding)
Ltd., No. 10-cr-769 (S.D. Tex. Nov. 4, 2010), ECF No. 1, available
at http ://www.justice.gov/ criminal/fraud/ fcpa/ cases/ panalpina-
world/11-04- 10panalpina-world-info.pdf; see also Press Release, US.
Sec. and Exchange Comm., SEC Charges Seven Oil Services and
Freight Forwarding Companies for Widespread Bribery of Customs
Officials (Nov. 4, 2010) (“The SEC alleges that the companies bribed
customs officials in more than 10 countries in exchange for such perks
as avoiding applicable customs duties on imported goods, expediting
the importation of goods and equipment, extending drilling contracts,
and lowering tax assessments. ), available at http ://www.sec.gov/
news/press/2010/2010-2 14.htm; Press Release, U.S. Dept. of Justice,
Oil Services Companies anda Freight Forwarding Company Agree
to Resolve Foreign Bribery Investigations and to Pay More Than $156
Million in Criminal Penalties (Nov. 4, 2010) (logistics provider and its
subsidiary engaged in scheme to pay thousands of bribes totaling at least
$27 million to numerous foreign officials on behalf of customers in oil
and gas industry “to circumvent local rules and regulations relating to
the import of goods and materials into numerous foreign jurisdictions”),
available at http ://wwwjustice.gov/opa/pr/20 10/November/10-
erm-1251.html.
© United States v. Kay, 359 F.3d 738, 755-56 (Sth Cir. 2004).
” Id. at 749. Indeed, the Kay court found that Congress’ explicit
exclusion of facilitation payments from the scope of the FCPA was
evidence that “Congress intended for the FCPA to prohibit ad/ other
illicit payments that are intended to influence non-trivial official foreign
action in an effort to aid in obtaining or retaining business for some
person.” Jd. at 749-50 (emphasis added).
1 Td. at 750.
” Id, at 749-55.
? Td. at 756 (“Te still must be shown that the bribery was intended to
produce an effect—here, through tax savings—that would ‘assist in
obtaining or retaining business.”).
7 The FCPA does not explicitly define “corruptly, but in drafting the
statute Congress adopted the meaning ascribed to the same term in the
domestic bribery statute, 18 U.S.C. § 201(b). See H.R. Rep. No. 95-640,
at 7.
5 The House Report states in full:

‘The word “corruptly” is used in order to make

clear that the offer, payment, promise, or gift, must

be intended to induce the recipient to misuse

his official position; for example, wrongfully to

direct business to the payor or his client, to obtain

preferential legislation or regulations, or to induce a

foreign official to fail to perform an official function.

‘The word “corruptly” connotes an evil motive or

purpose such as that required under 18 US.C.

201(b) which prohibits domestic bribery. As in

18 US.C. 201(b), the word “corruptly” indicates

an intent or desire wrongfully to influence the

recipient. It does not require that the act [be] fully

consummated or succeed in producing the desired

outcome.
Id. The Senate Report provides a nearly identical explanation of the
meaning of the term:

‘The word “corruptly” is used in order to make

clear that the offer, payment, promise, or gift, must

be intended to induce the recipient to misuse

his official position in order to wrongfully direct

business to the payor or his client, or to obtain

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022609
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016714.txt,"Filers Name a =

Donald J. Trump 16 of 42

Part 2; Filer's Employment Assets and Income

Description Fi attached schedule Value Income Type Income Amount
(Part 2 - EXHIBIT A) |
Reference #

The Best Real Estate Advice | Ever Received
Publisher: Thomas Nelson, Inc.
Underlying Assets: book

Location: New York, NY

Value not readily ascertainable
(Published 2005)

The Way To The Top
Publisher: Bill Adler Books
Underlying Assets: book
Location: New York, NY

Value not readily ascertainable
(Published 2004)

1S7 How to Get Rich
Publisher. Random House
Underlying Assets: book
Location: New York, NY
Value not readily ascertainable
(Published 2004)
[58 Think Big and Kick Ass
(Published 2007)
Trump: Surviving Al The Top |
|

Pf of —

aa
(Published 1990) Pf
SCREEN ACTORS GUILD PENSION J 7 |
Underlying Assets: pension
Location: Burbank, CA | |
Value not readily ascertainable pension
THC MIAMI RESTAURANT HOSPITALITY LLC NIA 1178 $50,001 - $100,000
Value reported reflects bank account holding only. |
Restaurant operations at Trump National Doral
Location; Miami, FL food & beverage related $5,454,345
sales

THC IMEA DEVELOPMENT LLC WA [177 $1,007 - $15,000 None (or less than $201)
Value reported reflects bank account holding only.

Additional Underlying Asset: developer - value not readily

ascertainable.

Location: New York, NY

See attached schedule.

$15,001 - $50,000

None (or less than $207)

Publisher: HarperCollins. Publishers
Underlying Assets: book

Location: New York, NY

Value not readily ascertainable
Publisher: Random House
Underlying Assets: book

Location: New York, NY
Value not readily ascertainable

a _

THE ACCOMPANYING SCHEDULE (PART 2 - EXHIBIT A) IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE ABOVE AND SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH. Gaps In numerical -
sequence are due to the removal of previously reported items no longer reportable on this part. Information being reported from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016714
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023517.txt,"1

26 May, 2011

Article 1. The Washington Post

Where Netanyahu fails himself and Israel
Fareed Zakaria

Article 2. NYT

Parties See Obama’s Israel Policy as Wedge for 2012
Jackie Calmes and Helene Cooper

Antcle S- | Foreign Policy

Hey, Bibi: Calling Hamas the al Qaeda of Palestine
isn't just wrong, it's stupid
Daniel Byman

Article 4. Bloomberg

Why Palestinians Have Time on Their Side
Jeffrey Goldberg

Ace >| The Daily Beast

The Palestinian Right to Dream
Peter Beinart

Article ®.’ Asharg Al-Awsat
Hamas' Gaza strongman criticizes Khalid Meshal

Article 7.

Military Review

An Old Man’s Thoughts on War and Peace
Edward Bernard Glick

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023517
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021991.txt,"Fittuy Ricu

me personally in that area. Soon after that I went to Epstein’s
home in Palm Beach on El Brillo Way.

.5. From the first time I was taken to Epstein’s mansion
that day, his motivations and actions were sexual, as were
Maxwell’s. My father was not allowed inside. I was brought
up some stairs. There was a naked guy, Epstein, on the table
in the room. Epstein and Maxwell forced me into sexual

CHAPT ER 34 activity with Epstein. I was 15 years old at the time. He
seemed to be in his 40s or 50s. I was paid $200. I was driven
home by one of Epstein’s employees.
4 6. I came back for several days following and did the
4 same sorts of sexual things for Epstein.
ierts Giuffre: January 1) : E 7. After I did those things for Epstein, he and Maxwell said
015 by attorneys 4 a they were going to have me travel and were going to get an edu-
’s victims 4 cation for me. They were promising me the world, that I would
: | travel with Epstein on his private jet and have a well-paid pro-
3 Jession. Epstein said he would eventually match me up with a
fre and I was born in August, . y wealthy person so that I would be “set up” for life.
i 4 8. So I started “working” exclusively for Epstein. He took
-aitl a 4 me to New York on his big, private jet. We went to his man-
h, Florida. When I was litile, I q sion in New York City. I was shown to my room, a very luxu-
‘be a veterinarian. But my life rious room. The mansion was huge. I was very young and I
then. adults— including Jeffrey got scared because it was so big. Epstein brought me to a
Alan Dershowitz— began to be room with a massage parlor. Epstein made me engage [in]
me. sexual activities with him there.
| when I was 15 years old, I met : | 9. You can see how young I looked in the photograph
te daughter of Robert Maxwell, j q below [see insert page 3].

10. Epstein took me on a ferry boat on one of the trips to
New York City and there he took the picture above. I was
approximately 15 or 16 years old at the time.

lisher in Britain. Maxwell asked
-y Epstein’s mansion for the pur-
perform “massages” and to train

135

134

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021991
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025645.txt,"Senators: Trump should relinquish Comey tapes

exe ——————we ~ | Senators including Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., said on Sunday that if President
Donald Trump recorded conversations with former FBI Director James Comey,
he should provide those recordings to lawmakers. Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-
N.Y., said Democrats might seek to delay a vote on a new FBI director until a

special prosecutor is appointed to investigate potential connections between
Graham (Justin Sullivan/Getty Trump and Russia.

mages) _—__—_—sRReewtters (5/15)
8 9th Circuit to weigh revised travel ban Reuters (5/15)
8 Price predicts Senate AHCA vote before Aug. The Hill (5/12)

Senate to look at mechanisms for infrastructure funding Bloomberg BNA (free

content) (5/12)

DATA POINTS

Consumer retail activity up in April

eee ~ | Retail sales increased by 0.4% in April, while the consumer-price index
increased by 0.2% during the month. Retail sales improved in nine of the 13
main categories during April.

Bloomberg (5/12)

Fame, | [F

ote,

He

wil

Eee

He
Ly
He

(Scott Olson/Getty Images)

THE CONVERSATION

Former Sen. Judd Gregg: The simple fix GOP should make to health bill The Hill (5/15)
Columnist Albert Hunt: Bad behavior is becoming the norm Bloomberg View (5/14)

"" Former Judge Kenneth Starr: No need for Rosenstein to appoint special
prosecutor The Wall Street Journal (tiered subscription model) (5/14)

DAILY DIVERSION

$100 survived 34 transactions in a currency-exchange experiment

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025645
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026705.txt,"Real estate offers income generation and

access optionality

This year, sovereigns cited a range of reasons for
increasing target real estate allocations, including
the scope to capture liquidity alpha, the potential

to generate income matching mid- to long-term
liabilities and the potential for internalisation and
control. With lower interest rates, lower funding
commitments to sovereigns and a lack of appetite
to vary asset allocations, the potential for leveraged
participation in real estate (equity and debt) appeals
to sovereigns seeking alternative means of scaling
‘frozen’ asset allocation to match liabilities.

In addition, while there are few alternatives to
third-party management and fee structures across
infrastructure and private equity (with co-investment
in many cases challenged by fund governance and
risk appetite), sovereigns have a broad range of
options to participate in the development, acquisition
and management of real estate. Indeed, there was
no consensus among sovereigns on the best placed
real estate manager, with internal and external
managers, developers and operators cited as
preferred real estate partners in figure 16. Sovereigns
are also attracted to the flexibility of real estate value
chain participation as it reduces upfront funding
commitments and allows for a gradual internalisation
of expertise and resource.

25

Low fixed income
yields means
sovereigns are
beginning to view
property asa
reliable source of
income.

Fig 16. Preferred manager for
real estate investments (% citations)

Hl Real estate developer

i Real estate operator

WS Internal investment team
li External asset manager

Sample is based on sovereign investors and excludes central banks.
Sample=28.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026705
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012185.txt,"ALLEN GUTHRIE MCHUGH & THOMAS, PLLC

Mr, John Roth
June 19, 2008
Page 3

them you’re 18 because if you’re not, he won’t let you in his house.” ME. 2: 3-39.
Second, Mr. Epstein himself did not schedule such appointments. Third, Mr. Epstein would not
know who would be providing a massage at any particular time. Fourth, and importantly, Mr.
Epstein’s assistants were not directed to contact underage women, and were not aware of the true
ages of the women they contacted. In fact, more often than not, the masseuses themselves, or the
individuals who introduced the masseuses, made the initial contact. As a result, Mr. Epstein and his
assistants were routinely unaware of the identities of many of these young women before they
arrived.

The allegations further include the assertion that Mr. Epstein engaged in unlawful sexual
conduct with certain underage women who arrived at his house to provide a massage. At times,
during these massages, Mr. Epstein masturbated, engaged in some sexual touching, and a small
number of alleged acts of penetration. However, most of the women who performed massages on
Mr. Epstein were over the age of 18. Many of the young women have sworn under oath that they, in
fact, told Mr. Epstein that they were 18 or older, and that they did so because they knew that if they
were not 18 years old, they would not be allowed into Mr. Epstein’s home. In fact, Mr. Epstein has
passed a polygraph examination to this effect relative to the government’s primary, and youngest,
alleged victim, Indeed, many of the women also worked at local massage parlors,
which presumably had a requirement that the masseuse have reached the age of majority. To the
extent there are allegations that Mr. Epstein should have been alerted to certain underage women
based on conversations he allegedly had with them, those conversations would have taken place in
person and at his home, thereby precluding any prior scheduling with knowledge of their true ages.
As explained below, any factual allegations of repeat massages with such persons would lack
necessary elements required for a federal nexus to such conduct.

All of the alleged activity occurred in Mr. Epstein’s home in Palm Beach, Florida. Many of
the massages allegedly involved conduct which, even if engaged in, is not proscribed by federal law,
either because the masseuses were of age, or because conduct with underage masseuses only
involved topless massages, massages in undergarments or naked massages. To the extent prohibited
sexual activity occurred, any inducement, enticement, and/or persuasion used would have taken
place during a face-to-face encounter—thus eliminating the possibility for the commission of a
federal crime, which requires the existence of a communication through a facility of interstate
commerce in which the defendant persuades or entices the minor to engage in illegal sexual activity.
Furthermore, any prohibited sexual activity that did occur based on the facts on the record is best left
to the state to address because the facts of this case do not fall comfortably within the federal
domain.

This is a case about purely local activity, involving local actors, and affecting local
interests and thus, should be handled by local authorities. Nonetheless, the USAO has indicated
its intent to prosecute Mr. Epstein for purported violations of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2422, 2423, and
1591. However, as set forth in detail in prior submissions, the facts of this case fall squarely
outside the heartland of those statutes — in fact, in law, and in congressional intent. As their plain

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012185
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024278.txt,"PARTNERS AND ADVISORY BOARD

ALISON DAVIS* |! Director: Royal Bank of Scotland, XOOM, Fiserv and First Data
MARY CRANSTON | Director: VISA, ex-CEO and Chair of Pillsbury Winthrop

TERRY SCHWAKOPF | EVP: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, banking supervision
MICHAEL MCADAM | CFO: Union Bank (Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group)

SIMON MCNAMARA | CTO: RBS, ex-ClO of Standard Chartered, BNP and Deutsche Bank
VINNY LINGHAM | CEO: Gyft (acquired by First Data)

BOBBY LEE | CEO: BTC China

NICCOLO DE MASI | CEO: Glu Mobile

STEVE BEAUREGARD | CEO: GoCoin

CHRIS PALLOTTA | Special Advisor: MIT Media Lab, Partner: Raptor Capital

MATT OCKO | Partner: Data Collective

WILL O’BRIEN | Co-founder: BitGo

CHARLIE LEE | Coinbase, Founder of Litecoin

* Chairman of the Advisory Board

~ BLOCKCHAIN 8

CAPITAL ONE FERRY BUILDING, SUITE 255 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 investor@blockchain.capital

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024278
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024293.txt,"SUMMARY

No

BLOCKCHAIN
CAPITAL

FIRST DEDICATED BITCOIN VENTURE FUND
UNPARALLELED ACCESS TO DEAL-FLOW

PROVEN TRACK RECORDS

wy BLOCKCHAIN 2

ONE FERRY BUILDING, SUITE 255 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 investor@blockchain.capital

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024293
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033387.txt,"not yet

On Fri, Jun 24, 2011 at 8:20 PM, Eric Roth TE wrote:

Any photos? Serial number?

Sent from my iPhone

On Jun 24, 2011, at 7:56 PM, Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

eric,, price for a re-rag , new seats , g-v , paint and interior, plus approx time after choosing fabrics etc.

De ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee a

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Do ee ee oe ee ee ee ee i i ee ie

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033387
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016927.txt,"superintelligences is likely to be competitive. Humans might be seen as minor
annoyances, like ants at a picnic, but hybrid superintelligences—like corporations,
organized religions, and nation states—could be existential threats. Like hybrid
superintelligences, Als might see humans mostly as useful tools to accomplish their
goals, as pawns in their competition with the other superintelligences. Or we might
simply be irrelevant. It is not impossible that a machine intelligence has already emerged
and we simply do not recognize it as such. It may not wish to be noticed, or it may be so
alien to us that we are incapable of perceiving it. This makes the self-interested AI
scenario the most difficult to imagine. I believe the easy-to-imagine versions, like the
humanoid intelligent robots of science fiction, are the least likely. Our most complex
machines, like the Internet, have already grown beyond the detailed understanding of a
single human, and their emergent behaviors may be well beyond our ken.

The final scenario is that machine intelligences will not be allied with one another
but instead will work to further the goals of humanity as a whole. In this optimistic
scenario, AI could help us restore the balance of power between the individual and the
corporation, between the citizen and the state. It could help us solve the problems that
have been created by hybrid superintelligences that subvert the goals of humans. In this
scenario, AIs will empower us by giving us access to processing capacity and knowledge
currently available only to corporations and states. In effect, they could become
extensions of our own individual intelligences, in furtherance of our human goals. They
could make our weak individual intelligences strong. This prospect is both exciting and
plausible. It is plausible because we have some choice in what we build, and we have a
history of using technology to expand and augment our human capacities. As airplanes
have given us wings and engines have given us muscles to move mountains, so our
network of computers may amplify and extend our minds. We may not fully understand
or control our destiny, but we have a chance to bend it in the direction of our values. The
future is not something that will happen to us; it is something that we will build.

Why Wiener Saw What Others Missed

There is in electrical engineering a split which 1s known in Germany as the split between
the technique of strong currents and the technique of weak currents, and which we know
as the distinction between power and communication engineering. It is this split which
separates the age just past from that in which we are now living.
—Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics, or Control and
Communication in the Animal and the Machine

Cybernetics is the study of the how the weak can control the strong. Consider the
defining metaphor of the field: the helmsman guiding a ship with a tiller. The
helmsman’s goal is to control the heading of the ship, to keep it on the right course. The
information, the message that is sent to the helmsman, comes from the compass or the
stars, and the helmsman closes the feedback loop by sending the steering messages
through the gentle force of his hand on the tiller. In this picture, we see the ship tossing
in powerful wind and waves in the real world, controlled by the communication system
of messages in the world of information.

Yet the distinction between “real” and “information” is mostly a difference in
perspective. The signals that carry messages, like the light of the stars and pressure of the

124

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016927
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025876.txt,"-The following morning, did Enud Barack come over for breakfast? Did he have an omelet? Did he defend both Putin and
Obama?

-Was this followed by a senior White House official, whose name you don't want mentioned?

-Did you then meet with Elisa New to discuss supporting a poetry series and other sources of funding? Did you forcefully
critique her proposed budget?

-After meeting with New, did you meet with the following: Hardeep Purie, Kairat Kelimbetov, Nathan Myhrvold, Martin
Nowak, Richard Axel, Ron Baron, Josh Harris? Have you funded Nowak's program at Harvard with $30 million?

-did Michael join alunch at your home with Bill Richardson?

-do you believe powerful people seek your advice because you're not affiliated with any institution, so you have no ulterior
motives when giving them advice?

-is your Paris home a 10,000 sq ft apartment on Avenue Foch? Does it have a stuffed baby elephant in its living room? Is it
meant as areminder that elephants have 23 copies of tumor suppressor genes?

-Is the only book on your bedside table Lolita? Are you a fan of Nabokov?

-Did you tell Michael that he should make a particular $100k investment in early September? What was it?

-Were you born on 1953 in Coney Island? Was your father a Parks dept employee? Was your mother a housewife?

-were you the captain of the math team at Lafayette High School?

-did you study at Cooper Union for two years before beginning classes at NYU's Courant classes? After this, did you teach math
at Dalton? Was this your first exposure to wealthy people? Did this teach you the rich had just as many problems as the
working class, only theirs were caused by too much money rather than too little?

-Did Punch Sulzberger try to convince you to join the NYT from Dalton? Did you once drive with Sulzberger to his country
estate ina wood paneled station wagon, while he talked on a phone to his chaffeur?

-did you meet Ace Greenberg through his children at Dalton?

-Did he say that given your reputation for intelligence and Jewish heritage, you should be working at Bear Stearns? Was this in
the late 70s?

-Did you soon move to a penthouse at 66th St. and 2nd Avenue?

-During this time did you regularly attend Studio 54?

-Have you ever drank or taken drugs?

-Do you believe that in the 50's, finance was governed by personal relationships, but in the 70's, with the rise of derivatives
trading, math began to dominate the field?

-Did you never want to get married to maintain your freedom?

-Did you become close to Jimmy Cayne?

-Did you leave Bear Stearns in 1982? Why? Did you take clients including Marvin Davis and Herb Siegel?

-Were you then dating Morgan Fairchild?

-During the 80s, did you frequently go to England where you befriended Robin Reach and attended country shooting parties
and black tie dinners?

-Were you mainly interested in meeting smart people rather than amassing a personal fortune?

-do you think that billionaire-level worth creates worries that millionaires don't face? Does traditional wealth management
not work for billionaires?

-Did you help governments that came after corrupt dictators reclaim stolen assets? Which governments?

-Did you begin advising and representing wealthy people and families regarding philanthropy during this period?

-Did you advise Steven Hoffenberg?

-Did you attend the 1994 Serpentine Gallery gala? Did you socialize with Princess Diana at that event?

-Did you meet Bill Clinton after he left the White House? Did this change the arc of your life?

-did you buy your Manhattan home from Les Wexner?

-Did you meet with Larry Page and Sergey Brin during your 2002 trip to the TED conference? Did they describe a plan to market
Google bras with the o's as cups? Did they believe Google was a good company name because men would be drawn to the 00?
-Soon after this, did you have an assistant schedule a meeting with Michael for advice about the media as both Vanity Fair and
New York Magazine were profiling you? Did you also ask Graydon Carter for advice, expressing doubts about increased public
profile, to which Carter said you should have moved to a Queens 2 bedroom if you wanted to avoid publicity?

-Have you had a daily massage for several years? When you got your daily massage in Palm Beach, did the masseuses often
come from parlors your termed ""Jack Shacks"" ? Did they sometimes have ""happy endings"" ? Would there be many different
masseuses, recommended by word of mouth?

-After Palm Beach police started investigating you, did you ask Alan Dershowitz to come to Florida to provide you with legal
help?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025876
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031728.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon

Sent: 2/17/2017 1:42:03 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Nit

Importance: — High

Here we go again...
http://www. politico.com/story/2017/02/alexander-acosta-trump-jeffrey-epstein-plea-225096

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031728
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026936.txt,"From: Richard Kahn

Sent: 1/23/2019 7:12:03 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Michael Cohen says he’s postponing testimony over threats by Trump

Importance: — High

https: //nypost.com/2019/01/23/mi chael -cohen-says-hes-postponing-testimony-over-threats-by-
trump/?utm_source=maropost&utm_medi um=emai 1&utm_campai gn=news_alert&utm_content=20190123&tpcc=nypbreaking
&mpweb=755-7579323-719004712

Richard Kahn

HBRK Associates Inc.

575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor
New York, NY 10022

tel

fax

cell

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026936
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032451.txt,"From: Deepak Chopra 
Sent: 2/3/2017 10:00:49 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
CC: Barnaby Marsh 
Subject: Re: Fwd: 
Attachments: image001.png 
Importance: High 
He is wrong about heart rate variability 
Increased heat rate variability is a sign of Well Being even self awareness not decreased variability. It's a sign 
of adaptability and flexibility. 
Rigidity stubbornness and inability to change are associated with decreased heat rate variability and sympathetic 
overdrive 
Trump would be an example of that 
Love IP 
Deepak Chopra MD 
2013 Costa Del Mar Road  
Carlsbad, CA 92009  
Chopra Foundation 
Jiyo 
Chopra Center for Wellbeing 
lar 
• 
On Feb 2, 2017, at 8:24 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
----------Forwarded message 
From: Robert Trivers 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032451 
Date: Thu, Feb 2, 2017 at 6:45 PM 
Subject: 
To: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Dear Jeffrey 
Two questions. 
1—do you believe the stock market will continue to climb given what we have now seen of Trump-land? 
[Strictly confidential] 
2—what do you think of the attached (N=1)? You do not drink or smoke, probably do not inject etc. you swim 
or exercise every day, so your heartbeat is expected to be low and less variable than average. Is your ability to 
predict heart rate accurately—without holding your neck or wrist—positively related to your ability to succeed 
in the financial world—as the attached strongly suggests. Just give me and N=1. 
Remember you asked me, what does self-knowledge have to do with anything—and here is a most intriguing 
example. 
I will send you a joke shortly 
All best 
bob 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
<Interocept stock trading.pdf> 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032452 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010779.txt,"10
11
12
Le
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

25

23

people that abused Virginia?
As I told you I never asked her the question. 11:36:21
Q. Are you aware that years before December 11:36:48
of 2014, when the CVRA pleading was filed, that your
name had come up repeatedly in connection with
Jeffrey Epstein's abuse of minors, correct?
MR. SCOTT: Objection, form, overly broad. 11:37:16
A. Let me answer that question. I am aware T1237:17
that never before 2014, end of December, was it
ever, ever alleged that I had acted in any way
inappropriately with regard to Virginia Roberts,
that I ever touched her, that I ever met her, that I
had ever been with her. I was completely aware of
that. There had never been any allegation.
She claims under oath that she told you 11:37:48
that secretly in 2011, but you have produced no
notes of any such conversation. You, of course, are
a witness to this allegation and will be deposed as
a witness to this allegation. I believe it is an
entirely false allegation that she told you in 2011
that she had had any sexual contact with me. I
think she's lying through her teeth when she says
that. And I doubt that your notes will reveal any
such information.

But if she did tell you that, she would be 11:38:24

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010779
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032221.txt,"From: Linda Stone PY

Sent: 8/12/2015 1:40:14 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re: Please

Importance: — High

Seriously?
It's a terrifying prospect...

Co-authored with iPhone auto-correct

On Aug 12, 2015, at 8:14 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

not sure,

On Wed, Aug 12, 2015 at 1:22 AM, Linda Stone Tr 0:

Please tell me Trump will not win the election...
XO

Co-authored with iPhone auto-correct

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032221
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019085.txt,"FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95)

31B-MM-108062

Continuation of FD-302 of | ,On 02/08/2007 Page _2_
A records check of[ provided the following v6
b7C

information:

Race:

Sex:

Date of birth:

Social Security Number:

: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019085 —
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011467.txt,"Jaffee v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1, 116 S.Ct. 1923, 135 L.Ed.2d 337 (1996) oe ceeeescesseeeseerseeesees 22

Kadant Johnson Inc. v. D’Amico, No. CIV.A. 10-2869, 2012 WL 2190897, at *1 (E.D. La. June

14, 2012) oe eeeeseescesessesserecssesecssvsecsessesseseessensssesssessessessessescesesaeeaeesessendessensenesaesaeaesaeeesseneeseed 3
Kevorkian y. Am. Med. Ass'n, 237 Mich. App. 1, 12, 602 N.W.2d 233, 239 (1999)... eee 13
Longmire v. Ala. State Univ., 151 F.R.D. 414, 419 (M.D.Ala. 1992)... cece ee eee ee ee eee 3
Minemyer v. R-Boc Representatives, Inc., No. 07 C 1763, 2012 WL 379904, at *4 (N.D. IIL Feb.

6, 2012) oo eeeeseseessesscssenecrscsecseesecsesessesesseseessesessessessessessessesesaesseseessensenseaecneaesaeaesaeseesseneeseeaeens 12
O’Brien v. Alexander, 898 F.Supp. 162, 171 (S.D.N-Y. 1995) ooo. eesceseeceseerseeseeeseeereeeseeneeeeseees 30
Palmieri v. Defaria, 88 F.3d 136, 141 (2d Cir. 1996) oo... eee esseeecsseesseeneeceseeseeeseeeseeenseesseeseeesseees 33
People v Thomas, 21 N.Y .3d 226 (2013)... .ssccescecssesseeseecseeesceeseeceseesceesaeeeeeeesseesseeeseeeseeeseeesseees 35
People v. Williams, 5 N.Y .3d 732, 734 (2005) .....cescssseescecseeseeseecsseesceeeeceeeeeeeseeeseeenseeseeseeenseees 35

Preferred Properties, Inc. v. Indian River Estates, Inc., 276 F.3d 790, 799 n.5 (6th Cir. 2002) . 13

Rowe v. DPI Specialty Foods, Inc., No. 2:13-CV-00708-DN, 2015 WL 3533844, at *5 (D. Utah

SUS Eg PACH |p eeecrecncenesesteesnnes, erent eer reso sessment rere memeneistseee 13, 28
S.E.C. v. Collins & Aikman Corp., 256 F.R.D. 403, 412 (S.D.N-Y. 2009) oo. ceeeeeecesteeteeteeeeeeeees 19
Schafer v. Time, Inc., 142 F.3d 1361, 1364-75 (1 1th Cir. 1998) oo. eee ceseesseesseeeseeeseeeseeeneessaee 3

Seligson, Morris & Neuburger v Fairbanks Whitney Corp., 257 N.Y.S.2d 706 (1st Dept. 1965)35

Sidor v. Reno, 95 CIV. 9588 (KMW), 1998 WL 164823, *2 (S.D.N.Y. April 7, 1998)... 25
United States v. Dukes, 727 F.2d 34, 37 (2d Cir. 1984) oo. ceiceeccssseeseceseesseeeseesseeeeecseessaeeseeesneeees 17
United States v. Hatchett, 918 F.2d 631, 641 (6th Cir, 1990) oo. eee ceeeesseeseeeseeeseeeseesseeeseeenaeeees 22
United States v. Lujan, No. 05—CR-924 (RB) (D.N.M. Mar. 25, 2011) eee eeseeseeseeseeeseeereeeeee 32
United States v. Piche, 981 F.2d 706, 713 (4th Cir, 1992) occ ceseesccessesseeeseesecesseesneeseeeseeeseeseeees 3
United States v. Rabbani, 382 F. App’x 39, 42 (2d Cir. 2010)... eee eesessneesecerseeseecneeseeeeeenneeaes 35
United States v. Robinson, 583 F.3d 1265, 1272 (10th Cir. 2009) oo... eee eeeccesseeseecseeeseeeneeeneeeees 17
United States v. Van Meerbeke, 548 F.2d 415, 417-18 (2d Cir. 1976) wo... eeceeeeeeseesecesteeseeeneeeees 17
iv

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011467
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028630.txt,"As | wrote in mid-July: “Microsoft had a bad fourth quarter, mostly because many people are not using PCs any more. In
addition, the tech giant took a $900 million charge related to having to cut the price of its Surface RT tablet, which had — as
you might imagine — an impact on results. Missed profit expectations, missed revenue, missed all over the ying-yang.”

With the prospect that the next quarter could be weaker still and with numerous reports of late that there has been slowing of
adoption from its new flagship Windows 8 offering, Ballmer and the board finally aligned to move his departure date sooner.

Most critical to that decision, source said, were increased board worries that recent pressure from activist investor ValueAct
— which has a large stake in the company — had a good chance of succeeding in its efforts to obtain a seat on the board of
Microsoft, especially if Ballmer stayed in place.

And even if the software giant was able to thwart that from happening, said several sources, such a public fight is untenable
for the company, since it was likely to attract even more scrutiny to Ballmer’s performance and perhaps even more investor
action.

ValueAct has until August 30 to notify Microsoft if it plans a proxy battle, and sources said it still wants more that Ballmer’s
retirement. In talks, said sources, it has asked for an aggressive stock buyback and also a dividend increase, which might
assuage its efforts to garner a board seat.

Ballmer denied any pressure from ValueAct specifically in his decision in an interview with the Seattle Times, though
sources said that was simply bluster.

And, even with mounting pressure on him, Ballmer definitely portrayed the change as his decision in an interview he gave to
ZDNet’s Mary Jo Foley last week, after his retirement announcement.

“| would say for me, yeah, I’ve thought about it for a long time, but the timing became more clear to me over the course of the
last few months,” he insisted.

When asked if Gates asked him to stay or go, he said no, apparently to both. “Bill respects my decision. | mean, it’s one of
these things when if it’s — you know, ultimately these kinds of things have to be one’s own personal decision.”

That statement also struck many inside the company as a quick shift. Ballmer, said sources, had been jumping
enthusiastically into business review meetings, as part of the new structure, over the last month. In addition, he had
expressed to many employees his excitement at being part of the changes he had initiated.

But, in meetings after the announcement, numerous sources inside the company said Ballmer seemed uncharacteristically
chastened and quiet, in contrast to his usual confident and forceful manner.

“He was definitely not leaving and then he suddenly was,” said one source. “Even if today’s Steve made the choice, itwas a
choice yesterday’s Steve did not want to.”

Another source, close to the board, perhaps explained it best: “If ValueAct got on the board, | think Ballmer finally realized
that meant it was going to be the hard way from then on out until he left and he did not want that for a company he clearly
loves and has been his life.”

Now, those inside the company are turning to what comes next. While not everyone on the board thought that Ballmer
should step down without a new CEO in place, it’s moot now as Microsoft turbocharges the process — in place for several
years now — to select its next leader.

But, though the committee is headed up by John Thompson, CEO of Virtual Instruments and the former CEO of security
software giant Symantec, most expect Gates — as usual — to be the key decision maker on that choice, too.

A Microsoft spokesman declined comment.

Back to top

The Decline of E-Empires
Paul Krugman — New York Times

Steve Ballmer’s surprise announcement that he will be resigning as Microsoft's C.E.O. has set off a huge flood of
commentary. Being neither a tech geek nor a management guru, | can’t add much on those fronts. | do, however, think |
know a bit about economics, and | also read a lot of history. So the Ballmer announcement has me thinking about network
externalities and Ibn Khaldun. And thinking about these things, I’d argue, can help ensure that we draw the right lessons
from this particular corporate upheaval.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028630
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013976.txt,"» Skype ( www.skype.com )

Skype is my default for all phone calls. It allows you to call landlines and mobile phones across the globe
for an average of 2—5 cents per minute, or connect with other Skype users worldwide for free. For about
40 euros per year, you can get a U.S. number with your home area code and receive calls that forward to
a foreign cell phone. This makes your travel invisible. Lounge on the beach in Rio and answer calls to
your “office” in California. Nice. Skype Chat, which comes with the service, is also perfect for sharing
sensitive log-in and password information with others, as it’s encrypted.

» Vonage (www.vonage.com) and Ooma (www.ooma.com)

Vonage offers a small adapter for a monthly fee that connects your broadband modem to a normal
phone. Take it on your travels and set it up in your apartment to receive calls to a U.S. number. Ooma
has no monthly fees and doesn’t require a landline, but it offers similar hardware you can connect to
broadband for a local U.S. number anywhere in the world.

> VoIPBuster (www.voipbuster.com) and RebTel (www.rebtel.com)

Both VoIPBuster and RebTel can provide “alias” numbers. Enter a friend’s overseas number on their
sites, and both will give you a local number in your area code that will forward to your friend.
VoIPBuster also acts as a cheaper Skype with free calls to more than 20 countries.

International Multi-Band and GSM-Compatible Phones

=» My World Phone ( www.myworldphone.com )

I’m partial to Nokia phones. Ensure whichever phone you purchase is “unlocked” —that the SIM card
can be swapped out in different countries with different providers.

= World Electronics USA ( www.worldelectronicsusa.com )

Good explanation of which GSM frequencies and “bands” function in which countries, which will
determine which phone you purchase for travel (and perhaps home).

Tools for Off-the-Beaten Path

» Satellite Phones ( www.satphonestore.com )

If you will be in the mountains of Nepal or on a remote island and want the peace of mind (or headache)
of having a phone nearby, these phones work via satellite instead of towers. Iridium has been

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013976
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011301.txt,"Esa Origins 7 February 24 — 26, 2017
PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop
Challenges of Artificial Intelligence:

Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

In early prototypes, information was provided visually to the healthcare provider. However, it was
quickly discovered that if audible feedback was provided — as if the Al device was a consultant working
with the healthcare provider and the patient — the consultations were more efficient; patient
satisfaction levels were higher; and outcomes were more positive.

A large segment of health insurance sector sees early wins in supporting the technology, through the
ability to decrease insurance claims through efficient and preventative interventions, while maintaining
high premiums. As such, they push for early and widespread adoption of the technology. This is further
supported by the Department of Health and Human Services as it hits a number of goals, including
increasing health and well-being while reducing healthcare costs.

With the success of early implementations, new Al-based technologies are rapidly implemented into
subsequent generations of Al-consult. However, the commercial sector developing and using Al-
consult has shifted dramatically from the technology’s initial beginnings.

As the technology began to mature and lead to substantial savings in healthcare costs traditional
healthcare providers and health insurance companies begin to suffer. They resist the use of Al-consult
through a combination of lobbying for new policies and regulations limiting use, to marketing
campaigns persuading people of the critical importance of human interaction in healthcare. They forge
links with a number of advocacy groups opposed to widespread automation in society, and promote
the idea of Al-consult undermining human dignity and jobs creation. However, the health benefits and
cost savings of Al-consult are so compelling that these campaigns gain little traction. As a result,
companies that can not adapt, loose market share, and in some cases collapse.

In contrast, a number of healthcare companies, and a growing number of tech companies, take
advantage of the rapidly changing healthcare environment to promote preventative care using Al-
consult, and to take advantage of cost-effective healthcare approaches that lead to demonstrably
better outcomes than non Al-consult based approaches. As a result, by 2030, the healthcare provider
and insurance sector has undergone a disruptive transformation. What is especially notable is the
number of technology companies expanding into the healthcare business, and either partnering with
well-established healthcare providers, or forcing them out of the market. This shift in key players leads
to a marked change in approaches and attitudes toward healthcare provision.

By 2030 Al-consult systems have the ability to monitor their environment visually as well as audibly,
accurately picking up on and interpreting body language and micro-expressions. They have access to
rapidly growing databases of genetic profiles; proteome, microbiome and other ohmic profiles;
purchasing, eating and lifestyle habits; medical, insurance, financial and legal histories; social media;
and location, movement, and other dynamic activity/physiology histories (through the growing use of
cloud-based quantified self services). Despite privacy, legal and social justice concerns over Al access to

18

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011301
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020162.txt,"10

arrival in Hong Kong in 2013.. He proposed we meet at the Foreign Correspondent’s Club on
top of Ice House Street in central Hong Kong, a venue, I recalled, reminiscent of where John
LeCarre had set the opening chapter of his spy novel The Honourable Schoolboy. When we spoke
later, Bradsher told me that he knew Albert Ho, who had been retained as Snowden’s lawyer, for more
than a decade, and interviewed him many times as he was a leader of a political movement in
Hong Kong. Bradsher said that a few days after Snowden had revealed himself on June 9"", 2013,
he met with Ho and questioned him on the very question that intrigued me about Snowden’s
unknown whereabouts. Ho told Bradsher that all of Snowden’s logistics had been arranged for
him by an intermediary, who Ho called a “carer.” Ho further said that Snowden had been in
contact with the “carer” prior to his arrival in Hong Kong on May 20th. According to Ho, it was
this person who had arranged accommodations for Snowden on his arrival—and afterwards. If
so, It seemed plausible to me that this person might be able to shed light on whom, if anyone,
Snowden saw in his first ii days in Hong Kong. Of course, this person may have been unaware of
the reasons for Snowden’s escape to Hong Kong when he made the arrangements for him but he
was the best lead I had to learning why Snowden had come to Hong Kong. But who was the
“carer?” Bradsher told me that he pressed Ho for details about this mystery person over the
course of several meeting but Ho would not identify him beyond saying, that he was a “well-
connected “resident” of Hong Kong.

I next called Ho’s law office in Hong Kong. But Ho politely declined to be interviewed by me,
saying he had said all he was going to say about the Snowden case. I next made an appointment
with Robert Tibbo, a Canadian-born barrister, specializing in civil liberties cases, who had worked
closely with Ho on the Snowden case. He immediately agreed to see me.

I met Tibbo in the tea room at the Mandarin Oriental hotel on Hong Kong Island, where I
moved to from the Mira hotel. The Mandarin was also convenient to Tibbo’s office at the court.

Tibbo was a tall, round-faced man, with thinning hair, in his early fifties. He talked freely
about his remarkable career. After earning a degree in chemical engineering from McGill
University, and working in Asia as an engineer for a decade, he went to law school in New
Zealand, and then became a barrister in Hong Kong specializing in cases involving the legal status
of refugees. Over a leisurely tea, Tibbo made it clear to me that he had played a far more active
role than Ho in the Snowden case, even personally escorting Snowden from the Mira Hotel on
June 10"" to a safe house. He did not dispute what Ho had told Bradsher, but said that he was
himself bound by lawyer-client privilege which prevented him from providing me with any details
that might reveal the identity of the person who had made arrangements for Snowden. When I
asked the date that he was officially retained by Snowden, he said that Snowden had signed an
agreement hiring Ho’s law firm as his legal adviser on June 10, 2013 (which was a matter of
public record.) “I understand that,” I said, “but I am inquiring about something that had
happened before you became his legal adviser.” He shook his head, as if getting rid of a pesky fly,
and said that his oath precluded him saying anything at all that might do damage to the credibility

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020162
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029248.txt,"Working closely with such partners as The Nantucket Project, Nautilus Magazine, The Aspen
Ideas Festival, and The Big Think, and, of course, HarvardX, Harvard’s provider of free open
online courses, we are continuing to create rich educational media on poetry for adult
learners and lifelong learners. These materials include short form videos such as this one on

Robert Pinsky’s “Shirt” (as featured in The New Yorker), and, this spring, the sixth module of the
free seven-part Poetry in America MOOC, which has registrants in over 150 countries.

Growing rapidly, and outpacing our current staff and infrastructure, Poetry in America has a
fundraising goal this year of 2.5 million dollars to fund its expanding group of projects. We’ve
taken a big step, hiring the design agency Threespot to help us develop our web presence. Our
website— to launch early 2016— will eventually serve as an online hub for our TV show and
educational projects. We hope you'll join us then for a virtual launch!

Finally, Jeffrey, you have been such a wonderful supporter of my Poetry in America project. The
Leon Black gift changed everything for me last year. It paid salaries for staff | desperately needed
to complete projects (detail below), but first and foremost, it gave me leverage, enabling me to set
down a Solid Harvard base for my activities by giving the school something to point to: this public
humanities project among the list of projects the Dean supports. The money did it: as soon as
they heard about the gift, they took my project more seriously. Because of that gift, the Faculty of
Arts and Sciences, which is space-stingy, found and rewired a studio space for me to house my
video production operation and team. That gift woke up the Deans to the importance of Harvard's
role in producing the highest quality humanities content for the WORLD, and not just for Harvard
students. My main employee has half of her salary paid with these funds, and the foundation of
our collection for PBS LearningMedia is being made with this support. This gift represented one of
the most consequential shifts of the last year, allowing me create content and launch projects this
year that make future projects that much more likely. If | can keep this base sturdy at Harvard,
refilling these coffers, | will be that much more able to keep working.

| am also so grateful for the help you gave me in defining my project for Templeton, and, what
help you have offered to give in bringing them around. | have, since Templeton turned me down,
gotten funding to produce video on two of the poems I'd proposed to Templeton and to create,
and test, that video in schools as | proposed. One of my partners in that project is Success
Academy, where | could also expand my work with Templeton. And there are still other poems
that may satisfy their character criteria more fully, including the third of the poems Id originally
proposed and that Joe Biden had agreed to discuss with me (on parenthood and humility). At this
point, I’m gaining the platform and the name recognition to be an effective spokesperson for the
foundation on building literacy and character in the schools.

It really means a lot to me, ail financial help aside, Jeffrey, that you are rooting for me and thinking
about me. You push back a lot (as Larry does), and it’s always annoying but | always learn.

With abundant gratitude,
Lisa

Elisa New

Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature
Harvard University

148 Barker Center

12 Quincy Street

Cambridge, MA

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029248
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014488.txt,"Chart 62: Real wages likely to fall Chart 63: REC and PMI point to higher unemployment

6 150 —— Claimant count, 3m change, inverted
400 === REC placements, lagged 3m (rhs) 2
50 1
nl Ml
canal yi
Bi NI i |
Wa +0
2 -2
hy -150
mums Real wages, BAML forecast
4 =——— Average weekly earnings, % 3m yoy -200 “3
=———=(P| inflation, BAML forecast
: -250 ~4
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Real wages calculated as average weekly earnings minus CPI inflationSource: BofA Merrill Lynch REC placements is an average of permanent and temporary placements. REC and PMI shown as
Global Research, ONS. standard deviations from average. Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Markit
Given all of the above, we reiterate our preference for avoiding sectors with a high
proportion of domestic UK companies. To our mind, these companies face a lose-lose
trade-off of maintaining margins by passing on higher costs at the expense of volumes,
or face margin pressure by absorbing these costs in order to sustain current volumes in
our view. This could be further compounded if our Oil Strategists’ forecasts are right
and Brent averages ~S60/bb following an OPEC cut.
But how much fs in the price?
The pushback to our view is that the forecasted deterioration in growth hasn't really
materialised and investors are already pricing it in a lot of bad news. For instance,
Easyjet is down nearly 35% and investors are still underweight the UK in the FMS. While
this is the case for certain stocks, at a sector level investors appear to have squared off
their underweights in Retail/ Travel according to the FMS. Both sectors also back near
pre-Brexit levels relative to the market (albeit Travel reflects the recent oil price
weakness).
Chart 64: Source: Brexit sectors no longer underowned by investors Chart 65: Retail and Travel are some way off their post-Brexit lows
Construction
Ind GdsaSve 0.93 0.74
ecnnolo
Healthcare 0.92 0.72
Autos
Travel&Leis. 0.91 0.7
7 ante
elecoms
Insurance 0.9 0.68
Retail
Chemicals 0.89 0.66
Real bstate
eal Estate
ood 0.88 0.64
oods
Oil & Gas 0.87 0.62
: Utilities mNov-16
Fingnes Sis Oct-16 0.86 | ——<Stoxx Retail relative ——=Stoxx Travel & Leisure relat
-35 -25 -15 5 5 15 25 0.85 0.58
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research May-1 6 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-1 6 Oct-16
Source: Bloomberg
Bankof America 2 European Equity Strategy |O01 December 2016 29

Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014488
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027396.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2018-08-20\
on 2018-08-20 at 17.35.02.ichat

Service: iMessag

Start Time: 08/20/18 02:35:02 PM (556493702)
End Time: 08/20/18 04:21:47 PM (556500107)
Last Message ID: 18968

Chat Room:

Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, PF

Messages -

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/20/18 02:35:02 PM (556493702)
Flags: 1150981

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D1AB57D4-977D-4ED9-A62B-6E7BF4E24C5D

Message: Do you want Woody dinner Friday?

Time: 08/20/18 03:01:00 PM (556495260)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: A46B6395-7706-42D5-82A8-2F47F64B454C

Message: Early?

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/20/18 03:01:09 PM (556495269)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: FA97BAB1-065A-47A3-83F4-3315DAF37D

Gl
ie)

Message: 7

Time: 08/20/18 03:01:15 PM (556495275)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

Fal

GUID: A4FB2FC2-B9DA-421E-9966-1E23A9BE8BCA

Message: I have to get out to Hamptons n

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027396
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015796.txt,"106 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

at

. yy
Response ws Response ye
toFaces | toHouses sug

second later, and so on down to your feet. What you see at any one time
is a slice through a specific section of the body. You can then build up 3D
images from these slices and look at the soft watery tissue rather than the
hard bone you can see with an X-ray.

MRI scans give detailed images but today there are many more
imaging tricks you can play. Give the patient gadolinium to eat — a type
of paramagnetic material — and this contrast agent will highlight active
parts of the brain. You can ‘see’ which parts are active: the location of
emotions such as love, joy and even the effect of smells as the brain
experiences things. This is still coarse grained information; it shows only
the general area of excitation and it does not tell us what is going on at
the nerve level, but the images are fascinating.

Another recent development in imaging is the diffusion MRI. If you
remember your school physics, molecules travel with a random walk:
they diffuse along pathways just as people wander along a corridor. If the
corridor is full of people, they are jostled around and make little progress.
If the corridor is empty, they move in straight lines. This difference in
jostling affects the reading in an MRI and allows you to color code the
image according to the rate of motion of water along the pathways. You
can therefore ‘see’ the rate at which signals flow in the brain and not only
locate thoughts, but also see the links between them.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015796
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017387.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Chapter 17 The crumbling wall between church and state: from separation to christianization

The “equal protection clause” of our Constitution is not the sole mechanism for security equality.
The clauses that require separation of church and state were designed, at least in part, to assure
religious equality.

My first memory of being aware of the separation of church and state goes back to the 1950s,
when the words “under God” were being added to the pledge of allegiance. The Yeshivas I went
to as a kid were very patriotic. We recited the pledge at assemblies, and some teachers made us
say it every day in class.

Most kids hate change, so when the two words were added, there was some grumbling, not
because of the content of the words, but just because it was different from the way we always had
done it.

I remember thinking about the meaning of the two new words. Under which God? Under whose
God? Is there only one God that all American can pledge allegiance to or are there different gods
that different religions worship? What about the Trinity? Is Jesus God? And what is that thing
the Catholic kids call “the Holy Ghost?” Scary! But is it God too? Are Jews even supposed to
say the word God (we were always taught to spell it, G-d)? Is Allah the same god as Elohim?
What about Jehovah—the name we were absolutely prohibited from pronouncing?

These were precisely the sort of theological questions we were not supposed to be thinking about.
We were supposed to do and not do—go to shul, don’t eat shrimp—and to ask our Rabbi what to
think about such esoteric issues. They know the religiously correct answer. Yet the addition of
the two words to the pledge forced me not only to think about them but to try to place them in
the context of my own role as a young Orthodox Jewish skeptic in a largely Christian America.
Our school taught us that even though America was a majority Christian country, George
Washington, in his famous letter to the congregants of the Truro Synagogue in Newport, had
assured Jewish Americans that in this New Republic “It is now no more that toleration is spoken
of, as if it was by the indulgence of one class of people that another enjoyed the exercise of their
inherent natural rights.” Here, all Americans “possess alike liberty of conscience and immunity of
citizenship” because our government “gives to bigotry no sanction [and] to persecution no
assistance.”

These powerful words written by the father of our country were displayed on the bulletin board of
our Yeshiva as if they constituted the Magna Carta for American Jews.*

Yet we saw bigotry all around us. We knew that no Jew had ever been elected president. No
Jew had ever been the head of a major corporation or university. We knew that there were
quotas limiting the number of Jews at most Ivy League colleges. Still, we believed that this was a
land of opportunity and that we could do anything, within certain limits, and that even these limits
were narrowing, though not yet disappearing.

°° Most of the words were borrowed by Washington from the letter written to him by the Rabbi of the Truro
Synagogue.

300

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017387
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032927.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 11/20/2016 11:00:17 PM
To: Ken Starr

Subject: Re:

perfect

On Sun, Nov 20, 2016 at 6:54 PM, Ken Starr > wrote:

Jeffrey, sensational! I'll be there with bells ringing. High noon ok?
Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 20, 2016, at 12:53 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

great great anytime at your convenience or you can come to the house ,

On Sun, Nov 20, 2016 at 2:52 PM, Ken Starr (> wrote:

Fabulous! May I buy you lunch?

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 11:32 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
I'll be there wed

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 11:11 PM Ken Starr > wrote:

And to you as well. We'll be at the Breakers en famille as of Tuesday evening.. Any chance to see you in
the Sunshine State?

Hugs, Ken

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 7:48 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
hope thanksgiving is peaceful . miss talking to you

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 8:36 PM, Ken Starr wrote:

Greetings! Just got my hands on the itinerary. Alas, no St. Thomas. Back to the drawing board.
Hope you're well. Best, Ken
Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 10, 2016, at 4:46 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

are you going to stop in st thomas on your cruise?

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 11:46 PM, Ken Starr < wrote:
Darn. On a cruise in the aforementioned Caribbean that week. Weekly Standard post-election
cruise. Bad timing on our part.
We'll try for January-February in warm climate, or NY when you're next there.

Many thanks.

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032927
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027382.txt,"GUID: 12F53C12-7302-432B-AER0A-9C467178EDF5

W

Message: I m encouraging you to get from knowing "" to doing

Time: 08/02/18 04:25:51 AM (554901951)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2217D65D-0028-480E-BBBD-4B4ECFE28531

Message: u sound sometimes like my blessed , departed mother

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/02/18 04:29:10 AM (554902150)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 914963FC-B9F5-49D7-A187-1030A8B6115F

Message: Self organizing systems . revolutions. Start with knowing. Discipline

separates out the winners from the hopefuls . Seriously ,
important in many ways , no more though than to yourself

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/02/18 04:29:33 AM (554902173)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: F4F39FDD-E8AA-4F9D-985A-354B10DA4F71

Gl

Message: Sorry to be a noodge

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/02/18 04:32:03 AM (554902323)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 4E6E38FF-1767-49C7-95A4-34C9E7B2A051

Message: Especially a psa test

Time: 08/02/18 04:35:22 AM (554902522)
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D54D9DC2-0FF6-45FB-891D-FD3F8B351093

no €XCcuUuses. You are

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027382
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023096.txt,"﻿Jeffrey Epstein Blogger Blog 1 FREEMAN 11-15-2012



Jeffrey Epstein: Educational Programs



Cuts to public funding for education means that many programs need to find support and funding from private donors. The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation is proud to provide needed funding to worthy educational programs and schools across the country. While the initial focus of the Foundation was originally science education programs, it has since widened its scope and now provides funding to a wide range of educational programs in other fields.



Bard Early College Program



The Bard High School Early College program consists of three public high schools, one in Manhattan, one in Queens and one in Newark, NJ. The schools have been cited by President Obama as model schools for the country. They've also recently received funding from Epstein. Although the schools are not charter schools, they are run with the efficiency expected of a charter school.



Bard High School Early College schools have a considerably smaller number of students than most high schools. Only 600 students attend each school. The student to teacher ratio is also surprisingly low for a public school, 20 to 1. Although the schools must meet Regent exam requirements the same as other public schools, they are given more autonomy and freedom when it comes to planning their curricula. 



What also sets the Bard Schools apart, is that the students graduate not only with a high school diploma, but also with 60 college credits and an associates degree in the liberal arts and sciences from Bard College. 



Admission to Bard High the Sschool is based on a student's writing ability and grades. It's a competitive program and fewer than 10 percent of students who apply are accepted each year.



In 2012, Epstein also provided substantial funding to the Maya Angelou charter schools in Washington, DC. The charter schools were started in 1997 for teenagers who were in the juvenile justice system. Since then, the charter schools have grown and now include four schools, including a program for older students. Currently, over 600 students attend the four schools. The graduation and college acceptance rate for the Maya Angelou Charter schools is considerably higher than for regular schools in the DC area.



Jeffrey Epstein notes that 73 percent of the school's graduates attend college and 60 percent go on to earn a college degree. The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation is proud to have been able to support such a worthy school. 



"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015782.txt,"92 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

The addition of contextual cues allows you to form a mental picture.
By withholding some information at the end I have used a dramatic trick
to cause your brain to free wheel and imagine what happens next. You
are involved in the story. Notice the /Jonger story, with more data in it, is
paradoxically more comprehensible and memorable.

Ed Tufte makes the point about our ability to process information
very forcefully. He believes presentation experts are wrong when they
recommend you keep your slides to a few words! He points out the
common advice to use only six bullets per slide and six words per bullet
comes from a misconception that has blighted a generation of presenters.
Studies performed on memory in the 1960s measured unrelated word
recall. Six words are all you can remember if the words are meaningless.
But if the words have meaning we can comprehend and absorb many
pages of data. Hundreds of millions of people throughout the world read
a newspaper every morning and can recall the stories throughout the
day; the poems, songs and plays we memorize when young are usually
long, comprising thousands of words, yet we are able to remember them
verbatim for the rest of our lives.

When we tell a story, we are trying to draw the reader in so they
can to experience our imaginary world and be ‘ir’ the story. When I read
a story — perhaps Harry Potter — 1 don't think about the grammar and
punctuation, or even the accuracy of character portrayal. I’m transported
to a different place. I experience a piece of the reality or ‘imaginality’
the storyteller has created. I can describe the characters, the scene, the
sounds and the smells. A good author forms a complete world in our
heads corresponding with the world they have in their heads. With more
abstract information, comprehension and retention is harder. Often if
the information does not hang together in a linear narrative it can be
impossible to take in at a single sitting. However, if it forms a story and
is well told so you ‘get it, you do not need it repeated. We experience
something of this effect when we watch a good movie. “I’ve already seen
that one,’ means you have absorbed the whole story in a single sitting.
You don’t need to watch it over again to comprehend it.

Comedy

Finally, when you mix all the elements up, emotional understanding,
body language, in-person communication and empathy; you get comedy.
Humans ‘do’ comedy from a very young age and it’s vitally important to
the fabric of our lives. What purpose comedy serves in communication

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015782
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032933.txt,"destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032933
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017393.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Is this an irony, or is there a causal connection between our constitutional separation of church
and state and the high level of religiosity among our people? I believe the latter is the case.

The original theory behind the metaphor of “the wall of separation” was to protect the holiness of
the church from the corrupting influences of the secular state. Roger Williams, who is credited
with coining the metaphor, was a 17"" Century Baptist minister in Providence, Rhode Island. He
insisted that a “hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness
of the world” was necessary to protect religion, as well as to assure freedom of conscience. And
this wall has worked wonderfully to do both.”

Churches are thriving in America, unlike in most European countries that have long traditions of
established churches. When the state supports churches, resentment against government, which is
inevitable, spills over to religion. Consider Israel, whose citizens are far more secular on average
than Americans. Many Israeli Jews resent religion because the Rabbis have too much influence
over marriage, divorce and other aspects of daily life. This turns people against religion. Israel
does not have an established religion, despite its being a “Jewish state.” Muslim and Christian
Israelis, who comprise nearly a quarter of the population, have equal status and equal rights, or at
least as a matter of law, but Conservative and Reform Jews do not. Within the Jewish religion,
Orthodoxy is the established branch. This has caused enormous resentment—against both the
state and the synagogue—by reform, conservative and secular Jews and have driven many of them
away from religion. In the U.S., on the other hand, resentment against the government
(Congress’ approval rating is always quite low) does not translate into resentment against the
churches. To the contrary, cynicism about politics, may well drive some people toward greater
commitment to their churches.

I believe, therefore, that perhaps the single most important guarantee in our Constitution is one
that is not explicitly enumerated: the separation of church and state. Although those words do
not appear in either the body of the Constitution or in the First Amendment, there can be no
doubt that the founding fathers constructed a system of checks and balances that required such
separation. Without it, the church (representing organized religion) could not serve as an
effective check on the secular excesses of the state; nor could the state serve as an effective check
on the excessive involvement of the church in the business of governance and on the rights of
religious and non-religious dissenters. The marvel of our unique system of checks and balances, is
that is does not simply involve each branch of government—executive, legislative and
judicial—checking on the others; it also encourages—through the freedoms guaranteed by the
First Amendment—other institutions to serve as checks on the government. In addition to the
churches (broadly defined to include all religious institutions), these include the media, the
academy, the business community, and especially the “people” who have the right to vote, to
assemble and to petition for a redress of grievances.

Just before the 50"" Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence—the day on which two of its
primary authors, Jefferson and Adams, both died—Jefferson wrote the following about the
purpose of Declaration:

*! The irony is that the wall was essentially a contribution made by Baptists to America, is now being attacked by
many Baptists.

306

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017393
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013962.txt,"begets success.

She was most afraid in Singapore, and in retrospect, it was where she had the least reason to be
worried (she took her kids to South Africa, among other places). She was scared because it was the first
stop and she was unaccustomed to traveling with her kids. It was perception, not reality.

Robin Malinsky-Rummell, who spent a year traveling through South America with her husband and
seven-year-old son, was warned by friends and family not to visit Argentina after their devaluation riots
in 2001. She did her homework, decided that the fear was unfounded, and proceeded to have the time of
her life in Patagonia. When she told locals that she was originally from New York, their eyes widened
and jaws dropped: “I saw those buildings blow up on TV! I would never go to such a dangerous place!”
Don’t assume that places abroad are more dangerous than your hometown. Most aren’t.

Robin is convinced, as are other NR parents, that people use children as an excuse to stay in their
comfort zones. It’s an easy excuse not to do something adventurous. How to overcome the fear? Robin
recommends two things:

1. Before embarking on a long international trip with your children for the first time, take a trial run
for a few weeks.

2. For each stop, arrange a week of language classes that begin upon arrival and take advantage of
transportation from the airport if available. The school staff will often handle apartment rentals for
you, and you will be able to make friends and learn the area before setting off on your own.

But what if your concern isn’t so much losing your children but losing your mind because of your
children?

Several families interviewed for this book recommended the oldest persuasive tool known to man:
bribery. Each child is given some amount of virtual cash, 25-50 cents, for each hour of good behavior.
The same amount is subtracted from their accounts for breaking the rules. All purchases for fun—
whether souvenirs, ice cream, or otherwise—come out of their own individual accounts. No balance, no
goodies. This often requires more self-control on the part of the parents than the children.

How to Get Airfare at 50-80% Off

This is not a book on budget travel. Most of the cost-cutting recommendations found in such guides

are designed with the binge traveler in mind. For someone embarking on a mini-retirement, an extra $150
for hassle-free airfare amortized over two months is a better deal than 20 hours of manipulating frequent-
flier points on an unknown airline or chasing questionable deals.

Following two weeks of research, I once bought a one-way standby ticket to Europe for $120. I
arrived at JFK brimming with enthusiasm and confidence—look at all these schmucks paying retail! —
and 90% of the “participating” airlines refused my ticket. Those that didn’t were booked for weeks solid.
I ended up staying in a hotel for two nights for a $300 tab, filing a complaint with AMEX, and
eventually calling 1-800-FLY-EUROPE from the JFK terminal in frustration. I bought a round-trip
ticket to London on Virgin Atlantic for $300 and left an hour later. The same ticket cost more than $700
a week earlier.

After 25 countries, I’ve found a few simple strategies that get you 90% of the possible savings without
wasting time or producing migraines.

1. Use credit cards with reward points for large muse-related advertising and manufacturing
expenses.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013962
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011315.txt,"10

id.

12

13

14

L5

16

ne)

18

life)

20

21

22

23

24

25

12
H3VOGIU1

any questions we wanted to ask him about Epstein or Maxwell he

""re hand-tied

says he's got an attorney/client privilege. So w

because we can't ask about the issues that we need to ask about

with respect to that witness. So in my view, it's highly

prejudicial to have him as a witness at trial when, again, our

claims are not against him, and we have those issues.

Now, you did have -- in your February 2nd order, you

also precluded us from asking questions that we contended wer

non-Fifth Amendment questions of Jeffrey Epstein about
Dershowitz, holding that those were not relevant. So we're in
a Situation where we have another witness that we are not able

to elicit all of the information we need to be able to prove

the truth or falsity of that, and again, it would be subject to

a number of mini trials on that issue of Mr. Dershowitz.

So with respect to those thr categories and it

also allows them to use the attorney/client privilege as a

sword and a shield in the midst of a trial, which is inherently
unfair to my client, as well.
So in our view, it's highly prejudicial under 403.

Those groupings should not come in. It should not be about,

for example, Clinton and whether or not he was on an island, or

Mr. Dershowitz or these other world leaders, it should be about

the defendant and her statements that my client was lying when

she claimed to be abused and trafficked in those statements.

=

THE COURT: Just a second.

SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011315
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020176.txt,"24

public only learned that the phone company was turning over its billing records on June 5, 2013,
when Snowden disclosed it to the Guardian and Washington Post. The documents he provided
the journalists showed that the NSA had been obtaining phone records every three months that
had been collected by Verizon. While this revelation may have shocked the American public, the
NSA had not acted on its own. It had obtained a warrant issued by a secret court established by
Congress in 1978 as part of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) for each request for
records. Congress empowered the FISA court to hear cases and authorize search warrants in
secret in cases involving national security. As its name implies, the FISA court was meant to deal
with matters bearing on foreign intelligence activities in the United States. That restriction
changed after the devastating terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. A month after the attack,
Congress expanded the purview of the FISA court by passing the USA Patriot Act (an acronym
which stands for “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required
to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism”). Part of the Act, Section 215, euphemistically referred to
as the ""library records"" provision, permitted the FISA court to issue warrants authorizing searches
of records by the NSA and other federal agencies to investigate international terrorism or
clandestine intelligence activities Through these FISA authorizations, the NSA could obtain
""tangible things"" such as ""books, records, papers, documents, and other items."" Under the
interpretation of this section of the law by both the Bush and Obama administrations, the FISA
court was enabled by Congress to issue warrants to telephone companies demanding that they
turn over to the NSA the bulk billing records of all calls made in America.. The FISA court need
only deem these records to be “relevant: to the FBI’s investigations of terrorists and spies.
Essentially, this controversial interpretation of the word “relevant” in Section 215 by the FISA
court was used by the NSA to create a searchable database of telephone billing records. Sucha
“haystack,” as the NSA called the national collection of billing records, could allow the FBI to
instantly find missing “needles,” even if the connections were made years earlier. For example, if
the FBI had a lead on a foreign suspect, it could search the data base for any telephone calls made
by the foreign suspect to telephone numbers in America, and then who those people called. The
FBI always had this power, if it obtained a warrant, but it did not have the records previously in a
single data base. General Alexander believed such a “Haystack” database made sense. His
approach was, ‘Let’s collect the whole haystack,’” according to one former senior U.S.
intelligence official quoted by the Washington Post. According to its critics, including the
ACLU, the results provided by this vast database did not justify its immense potential for abuse.
In early May 2015, just three weeks before this part of the Patriot Act was set to expire, a three-
judge panel of the Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York, agreed with the ACLU
position, overturning a lower court decision that it was legal. The panel found that the word
“relevant” in the Act was not intended by Congress to justify the acquisition and storing of the
bulk records of telephone companies. It declared that the government’s interpretation of Section
215 of The Patriot Act was incorrect. Soon afterwards Congress replaced the Patriot Act with
the USA Freedom Act, which effectively transferred bulk storage of billing records from the NSA
to the phone companies themselves. Despite the change in venue, the records of individuals were
still not completely private. The databases held by phone companies could still be searched under
the new law via a FISA warrant by the FBI.

The core of Snowden’s charge in the media was that the FISA court overreached its authority
by issuing sweeping warrants that allowed the NSA to obtain data collected by private phone and
Internet companies. It the initial story published in the Guardian on June 5, 2013, Snowden

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020176
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030954.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/3/2018 1:46:48 PM 
To: Steve Bannon 
Subject: Fwd: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
Importance: High 
fyi 
----------Forwarded message--------- 
From: Jide Zeitlin 
Date: Thu, May 3, 2018 at 2:30 AM 
Subject: Re: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
To: jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Unfortunately, bin Sulayem and I did not meet. I was stuck at the White House and he had a narrow window 
before heading to Cyprus. I just sent him the following note: 
""Good Morning, I hope your travels to Cyprus were smooth. 
Okey Enelamah, Nigeria's trade minister, stopped by my home this evening as he was still in town after Buhari's 
visit with Trump. He mentioned his discussions with you at WEF and afterwards. Separately, I spoke earlier 
with the Vice President. 
Whenever we meet, I have some thoughts that may be helpful to you."" 
On May 2, 2018, at 11:05, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
011971 50 644 8444 he is cahriman of bubai world ports. african ports a new focus he built the palm 
islands. is totally trustworthy 
On Wed, May 2, 2018 at 10:55 AM Jide Zeitlin wrote: 
Thank you for the introduction. Do you have a better sense of what he needs? Also, what's his 
WhatsApp/mobile so I can confirm details for today? 
When's best on Friday for me to visit with you? 
Bibi's speech was a bit of a dead letter on Europe. 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030954 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030955 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031492.txt,"From: 
Sent: 10/11/2016 3:34:03 AM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Well i should have figured it was only a matter of time before some other brilliant lawyer tried to find a way to 
tie you to Trump and see if he could money off it and now i just read exactly that with this guy cheney 
mason. Unbelievable. These guys just love the publicity - clinton, dershowitz, now Trump. First these 
""friends"" act like anything but your friend once they get sued; then the next joker of a lawyer decides to join this 
cottage industry of suing you and hoping either you settle or the ""friend"" settles. 
Sorry to see this. Good luck. 
David 
Sent from AOL Mobile Mail 
Get the new AOL app: mail.mobile.aol.com 
On Wednesday, July 6, 2016 jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
thx 
On Wed, Jul 6, 2016 at 9:28 PM, <I____________________> wrote: 
Just read the Fox News piece today rehashing old stories. The media just cannot let go and loves to think of 
new angles to get you in headlines. Sorry to see it; but i am sure by now you can deal with it for what it is. 
I appreciate the call from Darren a few weeks ago and would have loved to have a fought a battle for the fellow 
at issue. But once he let me know the guy had been served and it was just a matter if defending a deposition, i 
suggested that it might be a waste of money to have me handle that. I hope it worked out. I am more than 
happy to get involved any time in any way i can help - and i would like to think i could help with what i bring 
to the table. I just did not feel in that circumstance that you did not need me adding to the milking of resources 
that i am sure has been going on with lawyers for years. 
I would have felt differently if it were a matter if taking depositions or actually litigating a case. I would like 
to think that in that circumstance i could add value. If we ever meet, i will tell you a bit about depositions i 
took not long ago of the leaders of the PFLP terrorist organization. That was my kind of setting. 
Please know that i am here to help in any way i can with any case or just for advice if you think my help would 
be meaningful. Your situation seems to me to raise the combination of friends you have been very good to 
using all you gave them and then ditching you and sharks swarming when they smell blood and i don't like to 
see either. 
I ""met"" you originally through a friend i like very much. I wish it had been earlier in time; but looking to the 
present and future, you just let me know if you need me. 
Take care. 
David 
Sent from AOL Mobile Mail 
Get the new AOL app: mail.mobile.aol.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031492 
On Saturday, May 14, 2016 jeffrey E. jeevacationAgmail.com> wrote: 
thanks, lets meet when i am back in june 
On Fri, May 13, 2016 at 11:50 PM, <__________________> wrote: 
Sorry to see they are still dragging your name through the press. I hope some of the legal matters have been resolved 
since last we spoke. I would have liked to have helped. I am sure you have the lawyers you feel are the best for you 
and I hope that is the case and all works out well as soon as possible. 
David Schoen 
-----Original Message----- 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <ieevacationagmail.com> 
To:________________________________________ 
Sent: Mon, Sep 2, 2013 10:08 am 
Subject: Re: Question - CONFIDENTIAL 
William Riley 
On Monday, September 2, 2013, wrote: 
That's a pretty clear answer. Thanks, you saved me a phone call. If you have any other ideas for top guys there, let 
me know. Otherwise, I have a former FBI guy I might use. Going to be a very hard fought case. Take care, David 
-----Original Message----- 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
To:________________________________________ 
Sent: Mon, Sep 2, 2013 9:55 am 
Subject: Re: Question - CONFIDENTIAL 
Dont 
On Monday, September 2, 2013, wrote: 
Jeffrey: 
You might recall that we ""met"" by email and on the phone a couple of years ago, originally through our mutual friend 
Bernard Kruger. 
I have a question for you. I am preparing a lawsuit against the Broward County Sheriff's Department. I am looking for 
a good and trustworthy private investigator there who will not undercut me with the Sheriff's department because of 
ties there, etc. I have a couple of candidates; but someone recently referred me to one in Davie, FL who this person 
said would fit the bill. 
When I went on the guy's website, however, I see that one of the things he apparently holds out as a highlight (it is on 
his ""press"" page) is a series of stories about your case. I assume the guy was an investigator for the other side in the 
civil case - the group that set you up. 
His name is Mike Fisten and his company is Blueline Investigations. If he is someone who you encountered and he 
was a bad guy or out to get you, I would not want to use him. Even though we don't really know each other, I very 
much liked you when we spoke and I would not want to give business to someone who had gone after you and you 
think is a bad guy. If on the other hand, he was a decent guy just doing his job, perhaps it would be ok. I can't tell 
enough about it from his website. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031493 
Any thoughts on the guy? 
Meanwhile, I hope all is going well for you now and I wish you a happy and healthy new year. 
David Schoen 
-----Original Message----- 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
To: 
Sent: Mon, Feb 22, 2010 5:09 pm 
Subject: Re: 
the strange person is 
On Mon, Feb 22, 2010 at 3:33 PM, ‹> wrote: 
As terrible as the system is and has been to you, I have to tell you one encouraging thing. Last Friday I spoke on a 
panel in DC on the justice system. I was seated next to Justice Breyer and got to know him a bit. For what it is 
worth, he certainly seem to understand that the system is broken and I hear this more and more. Indeed, he made it 
very clear that he thinks the sentencing system (which he helped form as a member of the Sentencing Commission) 
is broken and while you are past having to deal with that, I would like to think this raises some hope that the rest of 
the system will improve if others in his position feel the same. 
Tomorrow I go to Alabama to argue before the court of appeals regarding the constitutionality of Alabama's 
Community Notification Act, which the lower court struck down as unconstitutional already. Ultra right wing court 
and election year, so who knows; but these laws are so Draconian. 
I saw that the U.S. Attorney's office is appearing in your civil cases as well. Some strange folks in that 
office. Anyway, I will look forward to talking and while all the judges are going to be tough, Judges Marra and 
Johnson so far have not been rubber stamps for government in my case and that means something. 
David 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031494 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacationagmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031495 
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032323.txt,"From: Zubair Khan _____________________________ 
Sent: 11/4/2016 12:43:32 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Election Update 
Attachments: Election_Update_4Noy.pdf; Untitled attachment 121551.htm 
Importance: High 
Hi Jeffrey, 
According to InsightsPod Trump is more popular. We processed 3 million tweets this week. 
I have attached detailed report. 
Regards, 
Zubair 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032323 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019091.txt,"subject: “We need more rape jokes. We really do. Needless to say, rape,
the most heinous crime imaginable, seems it’ sacomic’ s dream, though.
It' s because it seems when you do rape jokes, that the material is so
dangerous and edgy, and the truth is, it’ s like the safest area to talk
about in comedy‘ cause who’ s gonna complain about a rape joke? Rape
victims? They don’ t even report rape. They’ re just traditionally not

complainers.”

Ironically, in 7he Aristocrats, a documentary entirely about a classic
joke of the same name, Silverman complained (facetiously) that she was
once raped by show-biz legend Joe Franklin. Also, her rape tips for men
include, ""Carry a rape whistle. If you find that you are about to rape
someone, blow the whistle until someone comes to stop you."" However,
another joke of hers goes like this: “Il was raped by a doctor—which is so
bittersweet for a Jewish girl.”

In the magazine Bitch ( “Feminist Response to Pop Culture” ), an
article titled “Laughing It Off: What Happens When Women Tell Rape
Jokes?” by Katherine Leyton stated: “Some female comics tell jokes that
clearly target rape culture, such as one classic skit by veteran comedian
Wanda Sykes, ‘Even as little girls we’ re taught we have something

everybody wants—you gotta protect it, you gotta be careful, you gota

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019091
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032235.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon Po

Sent: 2/10/2016 6:46:25 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Trump

Importance: — High

Its getting scary. The stories you could tell...

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032235
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011473.txt,"In choosing to return, now, to Camp David for two weeks of summit talks, I
knew the risks. Of all the moments of truth in my life — and in the life of my
country — few, if any, would carry higher stakes. Success would mean not just
one more stutter-step away from our century-long conflict with the Palestinians.
It would signal a real, final peace: in treaty-speak, end of conflict. Whatever the
complexities of putting an agreement into practice, given all the suffering and
bloodshed endured by both sides, we would have crossed a point of no return.

There would be two states, for two peoples.

And if we failed? I knew, if only from months of increasingly stark
intelligence reports, that an explosion of Palestinian violence — not just with
stones or bottles this time, but with guns and explosives — would be only a
matter of time.

I knew something else as well. This would be a moment of truth not just for
me. Or for Bill Clinton, a man who understood our conflict more deeply, and
was more determined to help us end it, than any other president before him. It
was a moment of truth for the leader of the Palestinians, Yasir Arafat.

The Oslo Accords of 1993, groundbreaking though they were, had created a
peace process, not peace. Over the past few years, that process had been
lurching from crisis to crisis. Political support for negotiations was fraying. And
yet the core issues of our conflict had not been resolved. In fact, they had hardly
been talked about. The reason for this was no secret. For both sides, these
questions lay at the heart of everything we’d been saying for years, to the world
and to ourselves, about the roots of the conflict and the minimum terms we
could accept in order to end it. At issue were rival claims on security, final
borders, Israeli settlements, Palestinian refugees, and the future of ancient city
of Jerusalem. None of these could be resolved without painful, and politically
perilous, compromises.

Entering the summit, despite the pressures ahead, I was confident that I, with
my team of aides and negotiators, would do our part to make such a final peace
agreement possible. Nor did I doubt that President Clinton, whom I had come to
view not just as a diplomatic partner but a friend, would rise to the occasion.

But as for Arafat? There was simply no way of knowing.

That was why I had pressed President Clinton so hard to convene the
summit. That was why, despite the misgivings of some of his closest advisers,
he had taken the plunge. We both knew that the so-called “final-status issues” —

2
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011473
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028624.txt,"Aseries of pits Tepco dug to store some of the water also began leaking earlier this year, forcing workers to transfer the
water into the steel tanks.

Experts have said they suspect that more contaminated water is seeping out from under the melted-down reactors into the
groundwater and the Pacific. Elevated levels of radioactive cesium in surrounding waters seem to confirm those suspicions.

Tepco has said those leaks are not directly from beneath the reactors, but from maintenance tunnels that run along the coast
and remain contaminated from the early days of the disaster.

But it also acknowledges that the water beneath the reactors is extremely contaminated, and experts say that if it does get
into the ocean, it will surpass even the leaks that occurred in the disaster’s early days.

“That prospect scares me,” Michio Aoyama, a senior scientist in the Oceanography and Geochemistry Research
Department at the government-affiliated Meteorological Research Institute, said in an interview this month.

“It’s the ultimate, worst-case scenario,” Professor Aoyama said.

Back to top

The New Nuclear Craze
Mark Bittman - New York Times

There is a new discussion about nuclear energy, prompted by well-founded concerns about carbon emissions and fueled by
a pro-nuclear documentary called “Pandora’s Promise.” Add a statement by James E. Hansen — who famously sounded
the alarm on climate change — and, of course, industry propaganda, and presto: We Love Nukes.

Before we all become pro-nuclear greens, however, you’ve got to ask three questions: Is nuclear power safe and clean? Is it
economical? And are there better alternatives?

No, noand yes. So let’s not swap the pending environmental disaster of climate change for another that may be equally
risky.

Despite all-out efforts and international cooperation, Fukushima, which scared Germany right out of the nuclear power
business, still isn’t under control. Proponents of nuclear power promise new and safer technology, but these discussions
are filled with “coulds”; no such plants exist. Nor would they reduce the risks of proliferation. (Oh, that little thing.)

Nor would they do much to mitigate the all-too-infrequently discussed dangers of uranium mining, which uses vast amounts
of water in the West — an area that can ill afford it— and is barely regulated or even studied. Thousands of uranium mines
have been abandoned, and no one seems to know how many remain to be cleaned up. The cost of that cleanup, of course,
will be borne by taxpayers, not industry.

Then there’s disposal of spent fuel, which is not contained at the same safety level as active fuel, itself a scary thought.
Decades into the nuclear age there remains, incredibly, no real plan for this; a patchwork scheme by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, which appears to be even more industry-friendly than most federal agencies, was rejected by an appeals court
last year, and the Obama administration is standing by its campaign promise (shocking, | know) to abandon the nuclear
repository at Yucca Mountain in Nevada.

The economic viability of nuclear power is no more encouraging. Plants continue to close and generation rates continue to
drop. Operators may indeed continue to make money on reactors, but that’s only because federal subsidies are enormous.
Insurance costs are limited. Loans are guaranteed (the Solyndra loan guarantee was half a billion dollars; in contrast, loan
guarantees for new nuclear plants may run $8 billion); cost recovery and return on investment are also assured for decades,
and some operators are able to collect costs from ratepayers (and pay dividends to shareholders) years before plants come
online — even if they never come online.

So they’re economical as long as you’re the owner, because historically, subsidies for nuclear power have been more than
double the expense of power generation itself. While estimates of the costs of power generation vary wildly — allowing both

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028624
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024287.txt,"CCP Il - SERVICE PROVIDERS

ADMINISTRATION / CFO Kranz & Associates
LEGAL Sidley Austin
TAX / AUDIT Crawford Pimintel
BANK Silicon Valley Bank
CUSTODIAN Merrill Lynch

BTC VAULT Xapo & BitGo

>) BLOCKCHAIN
CAPITAL

ONE FERRY BUILDING, SUITE 255 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 investor@blockchain.capital

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024287
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016933.txt,"financial resources to hire the most talented workers in the field, enhancing their power
even further. We have been giving away valuable data for the sake of freebies like Gmail
and Facebook, but as the journalist and author John Lanchester has pointed out in the
London Review of Books, if it is free, then you are the product. Their real customers are
the ones who pay them for access to knowledge about us, so that they can persuade us to
buy their products or otherwise influence us. One way around the monopolistic control
of data is to split the ownership of data away from firms that use them. Individuals
would instead own and control access to their personal data (a model that would
encourage competition, since people would be free to move their data to a company that
offered better services). Finally, abuse of data is not limited to corporations: In
totalitarian states, or even nominally democratic ones, governments know things about
their citizens that Orwell could not have imagined. The use they make of this
information may not always be transparent or possible to counter.

The prospect of AI for military purposes is frightening. One can imagine
intelligent systems being designed to act autonomously based on real-time data and able
to act faster than the enemy, starting catastrophic wars. Such wars may not necessarily
be conventional or even nuclear wars. Given how essential computer networks are to
modern society, it is much more likely that AI wars will be fought in cyberspace. The
consequences could be just as dire.

Despite this loss of control, we continue to march inexorably into a world in which AI
will be everywhere: Individuals won’t be able to resist its convenience and power, and
corporations and governments won’t be able to resist its competitive advantages. But
important questions arise about the future of work. Computers have been responsible for
considerable losses in blue-collar jobs in the last few decades, but until recently many
white-collar jobs—jobs that “only humans can do”—were thought to be safe. Suddenly
that no longer appears to be true. Accountants, many legal and medical professionals,
financial analysts and stockbrokers, travel agents—in fact, a large fraction of white-collar
jobs—will disappear as a result of sophisticated machine-learning programs. We face a
future in which factories churn out goods with very few employees and the movement of
goods is largely automated, as are many services. What’s left for humans to do?

In 1930—long before the advent of computers, let alone AI—John Maynard
Keynes wrote, in an essay called “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren,” that as
a result of improvements in productivity, society could produce all its needs with a
fifteen-hour work week. He also predicted, along with the growth of creative leisure, the
end of money and wealth as a goal:

We shall be able to afford to dare to assess the money-motive at its true value.
The love of money as a possession—as distinguished from the love of money as
a means to the enjoyments and realities of life—will be recognised for what it is,
a somewhat disgusting morbidity, one of those semi-criminal, semi-pathological
propensities which one hands over with a shudder to the specialists in mental
disease.

130

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016933
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033393.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 11/21/2018 7:07:56 PM
To: Larry Summers
Subject: Re:

if you can hold out tilltomorrow. and write something along the lines that when people talk about giving
thnks , I think of how lucky i am to have met you . blah blah

On Tue, Nov 20, 2018 at 1:36 PM Larry Summers (RS wrote:
Think no response for a while probably appropriate.

Just had lunch w Jamie D

Is trump getting crazier as many of my pals think or is it steady crazy.

Sent from my iPhone

Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: as

Follow me on twitter @lhsummers
www.larrysummers.com

Begin forwarded message:

From: Keyu Jin as

Date: November 20, 2018 at 12:46:35 PM EST

To: Lary Sinners

Did RA come back with answers to the yellow highlighted? did you take a look at the section that was written
up? apart from your revision of intro there was the first section.

Keyu Jin

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033393
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025862.txt,"10

Measuring

UCCEISS

rom OGIS’s start, the Office has faced enormous challenges in measuring
k its success. While litigation typically results in judgment for one party
or the other, the success of mediation services depends on compromise by
the parties, whose participation is voluntary. Experience has taught us that
OGIS’s success may not rest in the outcome of mediation services, but in the
process of providing mediation services.
Mediation is a voluntary alternative dispute resolution process in which a
neutral third party, a mediator, assists disputing parties in reaching a mutually
agreeable resolution. Mediators do not direct outcomes or resolutions to

a dispute; the outcome of mediation depends on the extent to which the

parties choose to engage in the process and themselves agree to an outcome. [>
There may not necessarily be a “correct” answer; rather, the disputing parties
may choose to agree to a compromise that both parties can accept, or they
may choose to not compromise at all. As such, the outcome of mediation is
not an effective way to determine the success of OGIS’s mediation services

because OGIS does not determine the outcome. However, OGIS does control

2011

August November 28

OGIS facilitators become certified in Federal OGIS launches its online case management
workplace mediation by Northern Virginia system, the OGIS Access System

Mediation Service December 7-8

September OGIS staff presents at the American Society of

Construction of multiagency FOIA portal begins Access Professionals Annual Symposium
October 2-6
Director Nisbet presents at the International

Conference of Information Commissioners in

Ottawa, Canada

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025862
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026922.txt,"Currencies. Currency exchange rates can be extremely volatile, particularly during times of political or economic uncertainty. There is a
risk of loss when an investor has exposure to foreign currency or is in foreign currency traded investments.

Australia: This material is being disseminated in Australia by Goldman Sachs & Co (“GSCo”); Goldman Sachs International (“GSI”);
Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte (“GSSP”) and/or Goldman Sachs (Asia) LLC (“GSALLC”). In Australia, this document, and any access
to it, is intended only for a person that has first satisfied Goldman Sachs that:

* The person is a Sophisticated or Professional Investor for the purposes of section 708 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)
(‘Corporations Act”); or

* The person is a wholesale client for the purposes of section 761G of the Corporations Act.

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14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026922
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029512.txt,"then what happened is the medical school is very busy. You have to study, pass exams, this,
that. And I put that aside, that experience side.

Then at the age of 22, I came to the United States, and I had to do a lot of hardship to get
here. My father wanted me to follow in his footsteps and be an academic. He was a
professor, too, of cardiology. So I worked hard. India wasn’t encouraging people to leave. I
had to go to Sri Lanka to pass my exams, I had to borrow money to get a flight to the United
States, I passed all that, I had to spend a year in New Jersey at a very ordinary community
hospital, hard-working, and I got a residency in Boston with various hospitals with
academics. So, Harvard, Tufts, BU, internal medicine, hard work, no thinking about
consciousness whatsoever. Just passing one exam after another, getting one fellowship after
another.

And then I came here in 1970, July 1, basically as an intern in a hospital that no longer exists
in New Jersey, MuhlenbergHospital, but then in the next year I got into all these academic
institutions in Boston and went from one to another. I trained in internal medicine. And then
I had heard vaguely of a discipline called neuroendocrinology, and I had also heard vaguely
of this new revolution in medicine at that time, which was looking at peptides in the
circulation. And the peptide that was very popular at that time was something called opiates,
which are now popular again, and the opioid receptor, with somebody called George
Solomon in Washington, who was an expert in that, but I discovered that the number one
guy in the world in neuroendocrinology at that time was a professor at Tufts New England
Medical Center, and his name was Seymour Reichlin and he was a legend. Okay, so, if you
found a snake in his garden he would dissect it and look at the hypothalamus and identify
receptors for opioids, serotonin, this and that. P’Il show you his photo recently. I just met him
the other day at the consciousness conference, which is bizarre because I hadn’t met him in
all these years. He’s 94, and he was giving a lecture on serotonin and mystical experiences,
at the age of 94, and he came to my lecture, and he was one of the most amazing guys in the
world, actually. It was a real joy to meet him. This is him, let me show you. Anyway I'll
show you his photo in a second. He’s 94, he gives talks on serotonin, but he was a legend.

I got a fellowship with him, and through him I met somebody who is no longer alive,
Candace Pert, who had actually discovered the opioid receptor, and she and I met at a
conference. She later became the chief of brain chemistry at the NIH. And she told me these
molecules that we’re talking about, serotonin, opiates, oxytocin, dopamine they are the
molecules of emotion. So that’s the first time I’ve heard that expression. I said, ""You should
write a book about it."" She did. I wrote the foreword and it was for me one of the milestones
of my life. And so I applied to Reichlin’s fellowship and I got it, and it was like the most
prestigious thing you could get.

But then I had my own issues with medicine. Is this interesting to you? So I had my own
issues, including the fact that I was seeing patients and I can see that the response was not

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029512
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029593.txt,"From: Lisa New 
Sent: 11/25/2018 11:45:45 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: invitation 
Importance: High 
can you give me a little bit of phrasing you think is optimal? I'm not sure I know how to ask her to join this 
company without asking her to be 
part of poetry in america. It does also seem to me perhaps relevant that Serena thinks of herself as a poetry 
person. 
For people who think that way, maybe not nothing (hasn't been nothing to others) that a Harvard poetry 
professor seeks her wisdom on the art form? 
Would really appreciate your edit. 
Lisa 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 6:41 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
sorry , that was meant as a filler what is important is that she is joining the others priority . and not 
appearing on your show. ! :) i invite you to appear is DOA 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 7:39 PM Lisa New <_________________> wrote: 
this poem about childbirth and is not for children. 
It's for adults and it raises awareness on the issues of discrimination against women athletes in sports 
,and, against women of color in childbirth. These are Serena's big issues now. 
Lisa 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 6:35 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
serena , bill clinon shaque and,,,,, have all on pbs. ? read poetry for children. I would love to have you 
do the same........blah blah blah do not say come on my show. 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 7:30 PM Lisa New < > wrote: 
Jeffrey, 
How's this 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 11:05 AM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Needs edit. Start with id like you to join clinton ..eyc 
On Sun, Nov 25, 2018 at 10:52 AM Lisa New < > wrote: 
Dear Jeffrey, 
Here is an invitation you can forward. Fingers crossed. 
I'm going upstairs to hunt for my copy of Lolita, or will get on my kindle and reread on our way to 
Australia. I may have lent it to one of my kids. I would recommend reading My Antonia by Cather next 
time you're on a long plane trip. The prose is gorgeous, and the book has-- come to think of it-- similar 
themes to Lolita in that it's about a man whose whole life is stamped forever by his impression of a young 
girl. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029593 
Thank you for this help with Serena. I'm so sorry about what happened with WA. I will keep the 
""bootleg"" episode and hope to release someday. It's so good, and he was so kind to read the poem with me 
and you were so kind to make it happen. 
Lisa 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street  
Cambridge, MA  
02138  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
please note 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029594 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Elisa New 
Powell M. Cabot Professor of American Literature 
Director, Poetry in America 
Harvard University 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029595 
148 Barker Center 
12 Quincy Street 
Cambridge, MA 
02138 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029596 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022297.txt,"54026

Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 168/Tuesday, August 30, 2011/Rules and Regulations

Another comment argues that the
illegal union conduct portion of the
notice fails to fully inform employees of
their rights as union members.1°9 In
contrast, another comment states a
different position—that the list of illegal
union conduct ‘ostensibly relates only
to restraint or coercion by a union in a
unionized environment.’ 11° The
comment further states that the Board
should have included examples of
“union restraint or coercion in an
organizing setting” but gives no specific
examples.

ALFA suggests three changes to the
unlawful union activity section. First,
rather than say that the union may not
“threaten you that you will lose your
job,” a more comprehensive statement
would be “threaten, harass, or coerce
you in order to gain your support for the
union.’ The Board agrees, except as
regards “‘harass,” which is sometimes
used to characterize almost any sort of
union solicitation. Accordingly, the
statement will be modified to read
“threaten or coerce you in order to gain
your support for the union.”’ Second,
the comment suggests changing “‘cause
or attempt to cause an employer to
discriminate against you” to
“discriminate or attempt to discriminate
against you because you don’t support
a union.” The Board disagrees, because
the suggested change would shift the
focus of the provision away from the
sort of conduct contemplated in the
tule. See NLRA Section 8(b)(2), 29
U.S.C. 158(b)(2). Third, the comment
suggests changing “‘take other adverse
action against you based on whether
you have joined or support the union”
to “take adverse action against you
because you have not joined or do not
support the union.’ The Board agrees
and will modify this provision of the
notice accordingly.

Baker & McKenzie urges that a variety
of other examples of unlawful union
conduct be added to the notice,
including requiring nonmembers to pay
a fee to receive contract benefits,
disciplining members for engaging in
activity adverse to a union-represented
grievant, disciplining members for
refusing to engage in unprotected
activity, engaging in careless grievance
handling, failing to notify employees of
their Beck rights, requiring employees to
agree to dues checkoff instead of direct
payment, discriminatorily applying
hiring hall rules, and conditioning
continued employment on the payment
of a fine or dues in “‘right-to-work’”’
states.

109 See comment of National Association of
Manufacturers.
110 See comment of ALFA.

As with the examples of unlawful
employer activity, the Board concludes
that the provisions concerning unlawful
union activity, as proposed, are accurate
and informative, and, as with the notice
as a whole, strike an appropriate
balance between being simultaneously
instructive and succinct. Moreover, the
Board finds it unnecessary to include
additional examples of unlawful
conduct so that the lists of employer
and union activity are the same length
because the notice describes the central
forms of unlawful conduct engaged in
by each type of entity. Still less is it
necessary to add a host of additional
examples of unlawful union conduct,
with the result that the list of such
conduct would be much longer than the
list of unlawful employer conduct. In
the Board’s view, the list of unlawful
union conduct in the proposed notice
fairly informs employees of the types of
conduct that a union is prohibited from
engaging in without providing
unnecessary or confusing examples.
Employees may contact the NLRB if
they believe a union has violated the
NLRA.

e. Collective-Bargaining Provision

The collective-bargaining provision of
the NPRM states that “if you and your
co-workers select a union to act as your
collective bargaining representatives,
your employer and the union are
required to bargain in good faith and in
a genuine effort to reach a written,
binding agreement setting your terms
and conditions of employment. The
union is required to fairly represent you
in bargaining and enforcing the
agreement.” 75 FR 80419.

The Board received only a few
comments on this provision of the
notice. Notably, COLLE requests the
inclusion of a limitation on the
provision that employees have the right
to bargain collectively, in order to
clarify that the employer’s obligation is
only to bargain in good faith and not
necessarily to reach an agreement. A
second comment suggests that the
notice inform employees that they have
the right to “sue a union for unfairly
representing the employee in
bargaining, contract administration, or a
discrimination matter.”

The Board has decided that no
changes are necessary to the duty to
bargain paragraph. The Board is
satisfied that the proposed collective-
bargaining provision provides sufficient
guidance to employees about the
exercise of these rights while still
staying within the constraints set by a
necessarily brief employee notice. As to
the first comment, the notice states that
an employer and union have a duty to

“bargain in good faith and in a genuine
effort to reach a written, binding
agreement.” As discussed above, by
referring to a “genuine effort’ to reach
agreement, the notice necessarily
implies that the parties are not obliged
to actually reach one. The duty to
bargain in good faith has many
components. See NLRB v. Katz, 369 U.S.
736 (1962). And the suggestion that
employers do not have to agree to
certain proposals, although correct, does
not account for the line of cases that
suggest that an important ingredient in
good faith bargaining is a willingness to
compromise. See Phelps Dodge, 337
NLRB 455 (2002).

Turning to the suggestion that the
notice include language informing
employees of their right to “sue” the
union if it fails to represent them fairly,
the Board has concluded that the notice
sufficiently apprises employees of their
right to fair representation and of their
right to file unfair labor practice charges
with the Board should a union fail to
fulfill that duty. The rights that
employees have to sue unions directly
in court without coming to the Board
are beyond the scope of this rulemaking.

f. Coverage Provision

In regard to coverage under the NLRA,
the proposed notice states:

The National Labor Relations Act covers
most private-sector employers. Excluded
from coverage under the NLRA are public-
sector employees, agricultural and domestic
workers, independent contractors, workers
employed by a parent or spouse, employees
of air and rail carriers covered by the Railway
Labor Act, and supervisors (although
supervisors that have been discriminated
against for refusing to violate the NLRA may
be covered). 75 FR 80419.

A comment from the National
Immigration Law Center suggests adding
the following language: ““The NLRA
protects the above-enumerated rights of
all employees, irrespective of their
immigration status. That protection
extends to employees without work
authorization, though certain remedies
in those circumstances may be limited.
Employers cannot threaten you or
intimidate you on the basis of you
immigration status to prevent you from
joining or supporting a union, or
engaging in concerted activity for
mutual aid and protection.”

The Board has decided not to amend
the coverage provision in the final
notice. Although the Board understands
that many immigrant employees may be
unsure whether they are covered by the
NLRA, the notice does not include a list
of covered employees. Including
specific coverage of immigrants, but not
other classes of employees, may cause

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022297
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010745.txt,"Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 306 Entered on FLSD Docket 02/02/2015 Page 11 of 19

that evidence will show that former president Clinton, former vice president Al Gore, and Tipper
Gore never set foot on Epstein’s private island, and that in all events Jane Doe #3’s detailed
accounts are not merely preposterous on their face but in fact entirely false and her sworn
statement to this court is perjurious.

Indeed, while the points raised above show a complete lack of investigation into the
credibility of the woman making these scurrilous allegations®, what is most remarkable about
Jane Doe #3’s Response is what it omits. Approximately six years ago, Jane Doe #3 took
advantage of the NPA’s provisions, sued Mr. Epstein and received a monetary settlement.
Ironically, Jane Doe #3 now seeks to overturn the very NPA which required Epstein to waive his
right to contest liability by moving to join the instant action which seeks to rescind that very
agreement.

Yet, she apparently never once mentioned Prof. Dershowitz’s now supposedly systematic
sexual abuse of her to the prosecutors or to her own lawyer. No explanation is given for this
monumental inconsistency. Nor, despite his supposed status as a co-conspirator in a scheme to
cover up an underage sex abuse ring, is there any explanation given for the fact that Prof.
Dershowitz was never even investigated—or even mentioned—as a potential suspect.
Meanwhile the present case has been proceeding for the last six and a half years, but no
explanation has been given for the timing of Jane Doe #3’s effort to join this case only last

month.

° Prof. Dershowitz reserves the right to promptly file a succinct supplement to this Reply brief
with information which he is in the process of confirming presently.
11

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010745
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030043.txt,"14

Of course, if there is a swift and successful conclusion to the Libyan
intervention — Col Gaddafi deposed, cheering crowds in Tripoli —
then liberal interventionism will get a boost. But success could be
just as much of a snare as failure. Each successful intervention will
prompt demand for the next one — and there will be no shortage of
possible candidates. Indeed that question 1s already being raised by
the sight of the Syrian government shooting its own citizens. Yet, the
more demands that are placed on the western powers, the more it will
be evident that there is a growing mismatch between ambition and
resources. That gap could, one day, be filled if the Brics and other
rising powers change their attitudes to liberal interventionism. But
there is very little sign of that happening. The Chinese government,
with memories of Tiananmen Square in 1989, is deeply wary of the
idea that foreigners have the right to intervene to prevent human
rights abuses in a sovereign nation. The same goes for the Russians,
with their record in Chechnya. India, Brazil and South Africa are
democratic countries with no need for a contingency plan to shoot
their own citizens. But their colonial histories incline them to take a
sceptical view of the motives of western powers that seek to use
military power around the world. They are also all emerging powers
that are not yet used to thinking globally. By contrast, Britain and
France have maintained the instinct to think globally, without the
resources to back it up. Even the US, by far the world’s pre-eminent
military power, is signalling strongly that it is losing the will to be the
world’s policeman. In the Victorian age, the British once sang —
“We don’t want to fight, but by Jingo if we do/ We’ve got the ships,
we've got the men, we’ve got the money too.” The Libyan
intervention feels like a last reprise of that old tune, rather than a bold
statement for a new age.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030043
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021946.txt,"Oo O DN OO FF WwW NY =|

NO RO PO PNP NM NO | S| S| HS SF S| S| S| S| S|
non BP WO NO -|- ODO OO WDN OO OT BP WO NYO —

123

a criminal case or a civil case?

A. My understanding, it's a civil case.

Q. Did you ask -- you referred to the complaint
that is styled Jane Doe 102 versus Epstein, you referred
to that complaint?

A. Yes.

Q. And Jane Doe 102 is Virginia Roberts,

correct?

A. Yes.

Q. And you talked about the Josefsburg firm, Bob
Josefsburg, who we all -- there was testimony about him

being a respected lawyer; you heard that. Right?

A. — Right.

Q. Did you ever ask Mr. Josefsburg if he -- if
the term ""academicians"" in that complaint included Alan
Dershowitz?

A. Did I --

MS. McCAWLEY: I'm sorry. To the extent that
it reveals anything that is a privilege of
Virginia's because she was represented by
Mr. Josefsburg, I don't want you to reveal.

BY MR. SIMPSON:

Q. I'm just asking whether you ever asked him

the question. Don't give me the answer right now. But

did you ever ask him the question?

ROUGH DRAFT ONLY

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021946

"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025692.txt,"achs

Investment Management Division

Appendix & Disclosures

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025692
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022806.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon = |

Sent: 11/7/2017 3:00:15 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
Did your Saudi friends survive the purge?

On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 9:55 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
As they are both bulkshitters

On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 10:26 AM Thomas Jr., Landon {> wrote:
iam more interested in al-waleed/saudi purge/Jared axis. al-waleed and prez go back a ways don't
they?

On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 5:42 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

http://people.com/movies/harvey-weinstein-hired-intelligence-agencies-to-spy-on-accusers-rose-

mcgowan/ the same boies that represents i who makes totally fabricated claims re gore
and clinton - boies clients. he refuses to ask them their version of events. They were never on the island
and though she gave details of adinnner. I have never ever met al gore or his wife.

boies is going to be in the firiing line. from the biz view he represented Hank Greenburg AIG, , his fees
were never paid as the appeals court overturned the win. but AIG as an insurance co. -- ... phone only

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter

iii

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022806
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012152.txt,"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP

18 U.S.C. § 1591, a sex trafficking statute, provides up to 40 years’ imprisonment for
anyone (1) who recruits or obtains by any means a person in interstate commerce (ii) knowing
that the person is under 18 and (iii) knowing that the person will be caused to engage in a
commercial sex: act. The most heinous of crimes, described on the CEOS website, fall within
this statute and include the buying and selling of children and the forced servitude of third-world
immigrants brought to this country to be enslaved. Mr. Epstein’s behavior is nowhere near the
heartland of this statute. This statute has also been previously reserved for prostitution rings
involving violence, drugs and force. In stark contrast, there is no jurisdictional hook that brings
Mr. Epstein’s conduct within the ambit of the statute, and securing a prosecution on these facts
would require a court to set aside both reason and precedent to convict a local ‘John’ with a sex-
slavery crime. It can not be said that Mr. Epstein engaged in trafficking and slavery nor did he
knowingly recruit or obtain underage women with knowledge that they would be caused to
engage in a commercial sex act. Thus, prosecuting him under this statute would expand the law
far beyond its scope.

To the extent there are cases where prosecutors think that Mr. Epstein should have known
that certain women were underage, there is no evidence that Mr. Epstein “caused [them] to
engage in a commercial sex act.” The term “cause” naturally implies the application of some
sort of force, coercion, or undue pressure, but there is no evidence that Mr. Epstein’s interactions
with the women were anything but consensual. Again, many of the women phoned Mr.
Epstein’s assistant themselves in order to determine whether he wanted a massage. Nor can the
cause requirement be proved simply by the fact that Mr. Epstein compensated the women. After
all, the statute elsewhere requires that the women “engage in a commercial sex act,” which by
definition means that they would have received something of value in exchange for sexual
services. Interpreting the statute to authorize prosecution whenever a commercial sex act results
from solicitation thus would render the term “caused” superfluous, and would make every ‘John’
who interacts with an underage prostitute guilty of a federal crime—even where the transaction
is entirely local. Read in context, then, there is no doubt that the statute targets pimps and sex-
traffickers who knowingly obtain underage girls and direct them to engage in prostitution. There
is not a shred of evidence that Mr. Epstein (or his assistants) did any such thing, and he cannot be
prosecuted under this statute.

The Cuellar and Santos decisions also foreclose a prosecution under § 1591. Just as the
federal money laundering statute did not come down to a proscription against transportation of
criminal proceeds that are hidden, the sex trafficking of children statute cannot be boiled down

and expanded to a federal proscription of commercial sexual activity with persons who turn out
to be below the age of 18.

3. 18 U.S.C. § 2423

1]

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012152
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020480.txt,"21

national leaders of tomorrow. For China, all exchanges have a political character and

hopefully a political harvest.

Third, it is important for local officials to understand that local American “exchange”
companies that bring Chinese delegations to the United States and promote
professional interactions between the United States and China all depend on official
PRC sanction and have received approval to receive Chinese delegations. The business
model of such companies is, of necessity, as much political as financial. Even if they
conduct high-quality programs, they should not be viewed as disinterested actors.
They, too, are subject to rules made by the Chinese Communist Party, its united front

bureaucracy, and united front strategic imperatives.

Finally, American citizens of PRC origin have played a key role in promoting mutually
beneficial engagement over the past forty years. As US-China relations grow more
contentious, however, and as Beijing calls more aggressively for diaspora Chinese to
serve the “motherland,” it will be necessary for citizen diplomats (including those who
are not of PRC origin) to better educate themselves about American national interests
in the US-China competition and the areas in which the nation’s values, institutional
practices, and strategic goals are incompatible. Such awareness is even more vital for
Chinese Americans who seek political office and whose abilities to navigate these

shoals will depend on their knowledge of this complex system of interaction.

American Communities as Engines of Engagement

The American federal system allows sub-national governments considerable leeway

to pursue local interests generally regardless of Washington’s security concerns. Free
from geostrategic worries, state, county, and municipal leaders who have formed
commercial and people-to-people relationships with the PRC have been a bulwark

of better US-China relations since the early 1970s, and their efforts to build mutual
understanding and solve joint problems formed the bedrock of bilateral relations over
four decades. However, as China becomes more reliant on its old Leninist system and
“united front” tactics (48% skBs), Sino-US relations become more contentious, and

the CCP seeks to more forcefully build influence in American communities through
channels detailed in this study, local leaders will be called upon to give greater
weight to national interests when forming exchange relationships with PRC actors.
Conversely, as Beijing’s relations with Washington worsen, China will likely seek to
use tried-and-true “divide and conquer” tactics by cultivating new relations with more

state and local-level officials.

Section 2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020480
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031714.txt,"From: Darren Indyke aa

Sent: 10/20/2016 7:00:22 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Fwd: Google Alert - Jeffrey Epstein

Importance: — High

DARREN K. INDYKE
DARREN K. INDYKE, PLLC
575 Lexington Avenue, 4th Floor
New York, New York 10022

Telephone:
Telecopier:

Mobile: as

Be ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee
ig 2s 2S 2g 2S I 2k 2s 2 2s 2g 2k

The information contained in this communication is confidential, may be attorney-client
privileged, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Darren K. Indyke, PLLC. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication
or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail, and destroy this
communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments.

Copyright of Darren K. Indyke, PLLC - © 2016 Darren K.

Indyke, PLLC — All rights reserved.

Bee eee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee i ee ee ee
De ee ee ee ee

Begin forwarded message:

From: Google Alerts <googlealerts-norepl oogle.com>
Subject: Google Alert - Jeffrey Epstein

Date: October 20, 2016 at 2:50:58 PM EDT

To:

=e

=e

Jeffrey Epstein

NEWS

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031714
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015972.txt,"282 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

Roger Penrose is fascinated by such counterfactual experiments
and is inspired to think such effects might have a role in non-computable
thought. It is his ‘machines’ we will look at next.

Penrose-Hameroff Machines, aka Brains

Roger Penrose of Oxford University and Stuart Hameroff of the
University of Arizona have proposed a very different way to understand
the workings of the brain. They focus on the much smaller scale structures
within neurons called tubulin microtubules. If you watch a brain form,
the dendrites grow towards each other, twisting and turning rather like
the growth of a plant as viewed in a slow motion nature film. This motion
is controlled by micro-tubular structures formed of a protein called
tubulin. Tubulin is made from peanut-shaped polar molecules that self-
assemble into helical tubes with a radius of just seven molecules. The
tubes bundle together to form the backbone of neurons. The peanut-
shaped molecules are bipolar switches and can flip between two states.
This allows them to bend into different shapes and, in the most extreme
example, to flap fast enough to propel small organisms such as paramecia.
It is also, interestingly, the protein that unzips the double helix when a
cell divides, and so plays a fundamental role in our evolution.

Penrose and Hameroff suggest these tubes form the true processing
element in our brains. The walls of the tubes are formed of successive
alpha and beta tubulin molecules. Each of the tubulin molecules can
flip between two states, propagating a ripple along the tube wall. The
scale is small enough for quantum effects to matter, and Hameroff
suggests quantum error correction keeps the ripples from decohering
too fast. Because the processing is happening at a molecular level
rather than at the scale of a neuron, the brain would be considerably
more powerful than a count of its neurons would suggest. They propose
increased computing power would stem from three sources: There are
many more tubulin molecules than neurons; the micro-tubes could
perform quantum computation, and the micro-tubes are capable of non-
computable, conscious, thought.

Measurement of a quantum process is the only candidate we
have for a non-deterministic physical process today; all other physical
processes are deterministic. Penrose argues that quantum processing
in the brain spontaneously collapses in decision making because of
the interaction between quantum superposition and gravity. The
arguments are put forward in two books: The Emperor’s New Mind and
Shadows of the Mind. This theory remains controversial for two main

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015972
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031072.txt,"College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
School of Earth and Space Exploration

PO Box 871404 | _ AZ 85287-1404

http://krauss.faculty.asu.edu
Exec. Asst iy

Origins Asst

Lawrence M. Krauss

Foundation Professor

Director, The ASU Origins Project
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative

Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
School of Earth and Space Exploration
PO Box 871404 | Tempe AZ 85287-1404

htto://krauss.faculty.asu.edu

Origins Asst is

Lawrence M. Krauss

Foundation Professor

Director, The ASU Origins Project
Co-Director, Cosmology Initiative
Assoc. Dir, Beyond Center

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
School of Earth and Space Exploration

PO Box 871404 ) “un AZ 85287-1404
htto://krauss.faculty.asu.edu -
Exec. Asst

Origins Asst

BS YS DIC IC DIS Ik 24C BIS DIS SIC ig DIS IC 24S BIS DIS 2S 2k DIC IC 24S BIS DIS 2S 2k DIS Ig 24K BIS 2fC 21S 2k DIS ig 24S IS DIC 21S 2k DIC IC 24K IS 2IS 5S Df OIC 2 24k iS 2IC 2s 2k 2c 2k Ofek 2k ic

The information contained in this communication is

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031072
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028099.txt,"Raful Eitan, who had founded a small right-wing party called Tsomet, went
further. He called the attacks “an act of war’ and said we should “respond in
kind.” We did move troops and tanks to the border. But my view, which Rabin
shared, was that a major ground operation would risk miring ourselves more
deeply without fundamentally improving the situation. Hizbollah was the kind
of nonconventional enemy | had in mind when Id taken stock of Israel’s
changing security imperatives on becoming chief of staff. It was a small force,
entrenched and well armed, increasingly supported by Iran and Syria. Its tactics
rested on quick-hit attacks on our soldiers in south Lebanon. Far from fearing
military retaliation, Hizbollah knew that short of a 1982-scale war — and maybe
even then — it would survive. It also didn’t care whether Lebanese civilians died
in the crossfire. In fact, like the PLO fighters who had controlled the area before
1982, Hizbollah deliberately fired into Israel from civilian areas.

Neither Rabin nor I had abandoned the idea of a large-scale military
operation at some point, particularly if the cross-border rocket fire didn’t
subside, which for a while it did. But we were determined that, if and when we
did decide to strike, we would avoid anything on the scale of the 1982 war. It
would have to be with a clear, finite and achievable goal.

That point finally arrived in the summer of 1993. In addition to renewed
Katyusha strikes, there was a series of deadly Hizbollah attacks in the first two
weeks of July inside the security zone. Each used what was becoming the tactic
of choice: a remotely detonated bomb by the side of the road on which our
military vehicles were travelling, followed by an ambush of soldiers who
survived the blast. Six Israelis had been killed in all, making it the largest
monthly toll in three years. When I went to see Rabin with our plan for a
military response, I recognized the risks. It would be the largest military
operation in Lebanon since the war. But I believed we could limit civilian
casualties, and that it was the only approach that might lead to a significant
reduction in the missile attacks on northern Israel. I began with the assumption
that, left to its own devices, Hizbollah would have no incentive to stop firing.
Since the two Arab governments with the potential to rein in the attacks —
Lebanon’s and above all Syria’s — were showing no interest in doing so, we had
to find a way to hold them to account.

The operation I proposed was intended to send a message to Beirut and
Damascus. It would not be a ground invasion as in 1982. Most of the attacks
would be from the air, in two stages. The first would target Hizbollah, both in
southern Lebanon and in the Bekaa Valley further north, near the border with

251
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028099
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018088.txt,"There are exceptions. The Saudis are investing to create jobs and
defuse dissent. Jordan and Morocco have tried liberal gestures.
Algeria's oil wealth and experience of civil war have helped maintain
peace there. But it is striking how Arab unrest has become a
permanent feature of the global landscape. It is unfinished business
wherever it is happening. ""The outcome of this tectonic realignment
is not just unpredictable but unknowable,"" said Prince Hassan of
Jordan.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018088
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033015.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 8/24/2017 6:01:15 PM 
To: Masha Drokova 
Subject: Re: Questions for article 
Importance: High 
I have helped scientists for 20 years. I dont bleive you can say you fully understand a problem unless your 
ideas can be tested against the evidence. . mathermatics described in one simple equation the motion of the 
planets that had alluded men for ages. . When asked what was the most important scientific invention for most 
people. . though people like me said air conditioning? the consensus was ,„ eyeglasses. letting people read 
past the age of 40. 
On Thu, Aug 24, 2017 at 1:22 AM, Masha Drokova 
Jeffrey, 
wrote: 
Huffington Post is almost done with their article. They need couple answers to use them for your quotes. 
Please see below. 
Questions for you: 
1. As a result of Trump's budget cuts, more scientists are turning to private donors for funds. How have you 
helped these scientists thrive during this time in particular? 
2. Why do you think it's important to have funded the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics and how will this 
program help us in the future? 
Questions for a scientist (can I ask Martin to answer and quote him)? 
1. How has Jeffery Epstein's donations helped you advance your research? 
Let me know if you have any questions or comments. Would appreciate speedy response. 
Thank you! 
Masha 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033015 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019907.txt,"attorney general or chief of staff.

But when he was the federal prosecutor in New Jersey, Christie had sent Jared’s father,
Charles Kushner, to jail in 2005. Charlie Kushner, pursued by the feds for an income tax
cheat, set up a scheme with a prostitute to blackmail his brother-in-law, who was planning
to testify against him.

Various accounts, mostly offered by Christie himself, make Jared the vengeful hatchet
man in Christie’s aborted Trump administration career. It was a kind of perfect sweet-
revenge story: the son of the wronged man (or, in this case—there’s little dispute—the
guilty-as-charged man) uses his power over the man who wronged his family. But other
accounts offer a subtler and in a way darker picture. Jared Kushner, like sons-in-law
everywhere, tiptoes around his father-in-law, carefully displacing as little air as possible:
the massive and domineering older man, the reedy and pliant younger one. In the revised
death-of-Chris-Christie story, it is not the deferential Jared who strikes back, but—in some
sense even more satisfying for the revenge fantasy—Charlie Kushner himself who harshly
demands his due. It was his daughter-in-law who held the real influence in the Trump
circle, who delivered the blow. Ivanka told her father that Christie’s appointment as chief
of staff or to any other high position would be extremely difficult for her and her family,
and it would be best that Christie be removed from the Trump orbit altogether.

7 OK Ok

Bannon was the heavy of the organization. Trump, who seemed awestruck by Bannon’s
conversation—a mix of insults, historical riffs, media insights, right-wing bons mots, and
motivational truisms—now began suggesting Bannon to his circle of billionaires as chief
of staff, only to have this notion soundly ridiculed and denounced. But Trump pronounced
many people in favor of it anyway.

In the weeks leading up to the election, Trump had labeled Bannon a flatterer for his
certainty that Trump would win. But now he had come to credit Bannon with something
like mystical powers. And in fact Bannon, with no prior political experience, was the only
Trump insider able to offer a coherent vision of Trump’s populism—aka Trumpism.

The anti-Bannon forces—which included almost every non-Tea Party Republican—
were quick to react. Murdoch, a growing Bannon nemesis, told Trump that Bannon would
be a dangerous choice. Joe Scarborough, the former congressman and cohost of MSNBC’s
Morning Joe, a favorite Trump show, privately told Trump “Washington will go up in
flames” if Bannon became chief of staff, and, beginning a running theme, publicly
denigrated Bannon on the show.

In fact, Bannon presented even bigger problems than his politics: he was profoundly
disorganized, seemingly on the spectrum given what captured his single-minded focus to
the disregard of everything else. Might he be the worst manager who ever lived? He
might. He seemed incapable of returning a phone call. He answered emails in one word—

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019907
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013792.txt,"Tuller, B., Ding, M., Kelso J.A.(1997) Fractal timing of verbal transforms. Perception
26:913-28

Ueda, Y. (1992): The Road to Chaos, Aerial Press, Santa Cruz, CA

Van der Pol, B. (1926): On relaxation oscillations. Philos. Mag. (London) 2:978-980

Veldhuis, J.D., Johnson, M.L. (1992) Deconvolution analysis of hormone data.
Methods Enzymol. 210:539-575

Vliegen, J.H.,Stam, C.J., Rombouts, S.A., Keunen, R.W. (1996) Rejection of the
filtered noise’ hypothesis to explain the variability of transcranial Doppler signals: a

comparison of original TCD data with Gaussian-scaled phase randomized surrogate
data sets Neurol Res 18:19-24

Wackerbauer,R., Schmidt,T., Widmer,R., Pfeiffer, A., Morfill, G., Kaess, H.(1998)
Discrimination of irritable bowel syndrome by non-linear analysis of 24-h jejunal

motility Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 10:331-337

Wagner, C.D., Nafz, B., Persson, P.B. (1996) Chaos in blood pressure control.
Cardiovasc Res 31:380-7

Wayland, R., Bromley, D., Pickett, D., Passamante, A. (1993) Recognizing
determinism in a time series. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70:580-582

Wegner, D. (1994) White Bears and Other Unwanted Thoughts; Suppression,
Obsession and the Psychology of Mental Control. Guilford Press. N.Y.

Whitney, H. (1936) Differentiable manifolds. Ann. Math. 37:645-672

292

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013792
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029274.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 5/25/2016 11:21:11 AM
To: Michael Wolff =
Subject: Re: Trump

Importance: — High

nussbaum white house counsel.. hillary doing naughties with vince

On Wed, May 25, 2016 at 7:19 AM, Michael Wolff > wrote:

What's the thumb nail on Nussbaum/foster?

On Wednesday, May 25, 2016, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
maybe you can ask why bernie nussbaum got vince fosters letter quickly, that is a hillary problem. he
would smile then you can ask his realtionsjipwith the elctricians unions and maralago . and out you go

On Wed, May 25, 2016 at 7:12 AM, Michael Wolff <i wrote:

Job is to get the hard ones in without being ejected from the room. What's the one question that
pierces through?

On Wednesday, May 25, 2016, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
do you want to be provacative .? trump shuttle. hawaiin tropic contests.. mortgage on mara
lago. ? revenue of golf courses as income.??! , total debt of all cos .? people dont want to conribute
money as he said he is worth over 10b , why should they? , calif already coming up short. . fatther bought
chips in the casino to stave off bankruptcy, chips because it was better than a first lien. under the gambling
rules. matt his bag man? his loan from his brother in law ( JUdges husband) how much did his father
leave. his brother robert etc.
otherwise you can just throw easys

On Wed, May 25, 2016 at 7:05 AM, Michael Wolff i wrote:

I'm interviewing him this afternoon. Anything you think I should ask?

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029274
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019913.txt,"A smattering of the issues before him:
“Veterans with a little cancer can’t see a doctor until they are terminal... .”
Then the incredulity:

“IT was in Russia years ago with the Ms. Universe contest—did very very well—I tell
everyone be careful, because you don’t want to see yourself on television—cameras all
over the place. And again, not just Russia, all over. So would anyone really believe that
story? I’m also very much of a germaphobe, by the way. Believe me.”

Then the denial:

“IT have no deals in Russia, I have no deal that could happen in Russia because we’ve
stayed away, and I have no loans with Russia. I have to say one thing ... Over the
weekend I was offered two billion dollars to do a deal in Dubai and I turned it down. I
didn’t have to turn it down, because as you know I have a no-conflict situation as
president. I didn’t know about that until three months ago but it’s a nice thing to have. But
I didn’t want to take advantage of something. I have a no-conflict-of-interest provision as
president. I could actually run my business, run my business and run government at the
same time. I don’t like the way that looks but I would be able to do that if I wanted to. I
could run the Trump organization, a great, great company, and I could run the country, but
I don’t want to do that.”

Then the direct attack on CNN, his nemesis:

“Your organization is terrible. Your organization is terrible... . Quiet ... quiet ... don’t
be rude ... Don’t be... . No, ’'m not going to give you a question ... I’m not going to give
you a question... . You are fake news... .”

And in summation:

“That report first of all should never have been printed because it’s not worth the paper
it’s printed on. I will tell you that should never ever happen. Twenty-two million accounts
were hacked by China. That’s because we have no defense, because we’re run by people
who don’t know what they’re doing. Russia will have far greater respect for our country
when I’m leading it. And not just Russia, China, which has taken total advantage of us.
Russia, China, Japan, Mexico, all countries will respect us far more, far more than they do
under past administrations... .”

Not only did the president-elect wear his deep and bitter grievances on his sleeve, but it
was now clear that the fact of having been elected president would not change his
unfiltered, apparently uncontrollable, utterly shoot-from-the-hip display of wounds,
resentments, and ire.

“T think he did a fantastic job,” said Kellyanne Conway after the news conference. “But
the media won’t say that. They never will.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019913
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033001.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/22/2017 9:52:07 AM 
To: Alireza Ittihadieh 
Subject: Re: Iran and Trump Speech. 
i told you this would happen. its going to get a lot worse before it gets better. 
On Mon, May 22, 2017 at 2:58 AM, Alireza Ittihadieh < 
> wrote: 
Mr. Rouhani's supporters also expect his victory, with 57 percent of the vote, to bolster his 
outreach efforts to the West and the pursuit of more foreign investment to lift Iran's ailing 
economy. 
For those who voted for Mr. Rouhani, there was a feeling of tremendous relief that his 
challenger, the hard-line cleric Ebrahim Raisi, who criticized the nuclear deal with the United 
States and other Western powers, had lost. 
""Bye-bye, Raisi,"" the crowds chanted during the street gatherings. 
""He faces a difficult task,"" Fazel Meybodi, a Shiite Muslim cleric from the city of Qum, said of Mr. 
Rouhani. ""Now he must provide more freedoms, break the hard-line monopoly on the state-run 
radio and television, and increase freedom of press."" 
To achieve all that, Mr. Rouhani must persuade the hard-line-dominated judiciary and security 
forces to change their outlook, Mr. Meybodi said. ""If he fails to deliver on at least 70 percent of 
those promises, his future is dark,"" he added. 
For decades, Saudi Arabia and Iran have competed for religious leadership and political 
influence across the Muslim world and beyond. 
Trump is correct, however, Rouhani needs a chance to act. 
V-BR 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033001 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033002 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012498.txt,"~0929104. TXT
5 don't trust her.
6 Q. Okay. You think that your stepmother is
7 ~=trying to take advantage of this lawsuit to try to get
8 money from Mr. Epstein that belongs to you, right?
9 A. Yes.
0 Q. Did your stepmother tel! you why she was
11 arrested?
12 A. No.
13 Q. Did your stepmother tell you that she's

14 ever been arrested?

15 A. No.
16 Q. Did she tell you she was arrested for
17. ~~ «~fraud?
18 A. Never.
19 Q. Did she tell you that she was fired from
0
21 A. No.
22 Q. Did she tell you that whe was fired from
23 £0"" stealing?
24 A. No.
25 MR. TEIN: Let's take a break.
121
1 (Thereupon, a recess was taken.)

BY MR. TEIN:

Page 103

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012498
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011329.txt,"10

id.

12

13

14

L5

16

ne)

18

life)

20

21

22

23

24

25

26
H3VOGIU1

Turning next to plaintiff's motion in limine number
11. This is a related issue. We ask that the Court exclude
characterizations of Ms. Giuffre's bad behavior during her

childhood, including characterizations of her as a bad child or

a runaway. Defendant's response to this tries to conflate two
separate things; prior bad acts, an assault on her character on
one hand, with a reputation for truthfulness of another.

Prior bad acts she may have committed as a child, like

running away, is inadmissible and a defamation action where the

damages relate to her reputation. That she ran away from home
or was an ill-behaved child does not go to truthfulness.

These events also do not go to her reputation. Her
reputation for truthfulness as an adult prior to the defamation

is the only reputation that's at issue in this case.

Defendant's defamatory statements damaged Ms. Giuffre's

reputation when she was in her 30s. This does not open the

door into evidence of Ms. Giuffre's generalized character,

particularly one from a troubled childhood. Occurrences, such

as running away from her home when she was a child, are simply

prior bad acts under Rule 404 that should be excluded. They

should also b xcluded under Rule 405 because this is

introduction of evidence to try to show her character. And
Rule 608(a) also limits evidence and testimony about a witness'
reputation for having a character for truthfulness or

untruthfulness, it doesn't come in under that rule.

SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011329
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013786.txt,"Segundo, J.P., Sugihara, G., Dixon, P., Stiber, M.,Bersier, L.F.(1998) The spike
trains of inhibited pacemaker neurons seen through the magnifying glass of

nonlinear analyses. Neuroscience 87:741-66

Selz, K.A. (1992) Mixing Properties in Human Behavioral Style and Time
Dependencies in Behavior Identification; The Modeling of a Universal Dynamical

Law. Doctoral Disseration. UMI. N.Y.

Selz, K.A., Mandell, A.J. (1991) Bernoulli partition-equivalence of intermittent

neuronal discharge patterns. Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 1:717-722.

Selz, K.A., Mandell, A.J. (1992) Critical coherence and characteristic times in brain
stem neuronal discharge patterns. In (ed. T. McKenna, J. Davis, S.F. Zornetzer)

Single Neuron Computation, Academic. N.Y. pp 525-560.

Selz, K.A., Mandell, A.J. (1993): Style as mechanism: from man to a map of the
interval and back. In (ed. W. Ditto) Chaos in Medicine and Biology, Proc. SPIE
2036:174-182

Selz, K.A., Mandell, A.J. (1997) The power of style: differential operator scaling in
the lexical compression of sequences generated by psychological, content-free

computer tasks. Complexity 2:50-55

Selz, K.A., Mandell, A.J., Anderson, C.A., Smotherman, W., Teicher, M. (1995)
Distribution of local Mandelbrot-Hurst exponents: motor activity in cocaine treated

fetal rats and manic depressive patients. Fractals 3:893-904

Seneta, E. (1981) Non-negative Matrices and Markoff Chains. Springer-Verlag, New
York.

286

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013786
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030968.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 12/22/2018 3:35:08 PM 
To: Steve Bannon 
Subject: Re: Trump has discussed firing Fed chief after latest interest rate hike: report I TheHill 
getting rid of powell much more important than Syria /mattis. . I guess pompeo , only one left. . unless 
ambassador heather has a brilliant idea. - a first. . jared and ivanka, need to go. !!! 
On Sat, Dec 22, 2018 at 10:31 AM Steve Bannon wrote: 
LMAO 
Perfect mnuchin hit 
On Dec 22, 2018, at 9:22 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
In 1993, Powell began working as a managing director for Bankers Trust, but he quit in 1995 after the bank got 
into trouble when several customers suffered large losses due to derivatives. He then went back to work for 
Dillon, Read & Co.f15] 
he didnt understand the markets 25 years ago. obama appointed him to the board, what else do you guys need to know 
On Sat, Dec 22, 2018 at 8:21 AM Steve Bannon wrote: 
https://thehill.com/policy/finance/422577-trump-considering-firing-federal-reserve-chief-after-latest-interest-
rate-hike  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030968 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030969 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029260.txt,"—

- WwW WN

So Oo NY HNN

Case 5:16-cv-00797-DMG-KS Document1 Filed 04/26/16 Page1of6 Page ID#:1

oD om led
< mm ©&
Pod a) an
orn a
Name: KATIE JOHNSON x= =
Zron =~
Address: 6634 DESERT QUEEN AVE. a
ores
TWENTYNINE PALMS, CA. 92277 fi S2 =
i e- pa
Phone: (760) 401-0192 | 2S =
| 2 ©

Fax: NO FAX OR E-MAIL

In Pro Per

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CASE NUMBER:

KATIE JOHNSON FE p C \J

Plaintiff | 1° be supplied by the Clerk of

The United States District Court

COMPLAINT FOR CLAIM RELIEF DUE TO:

DONALD J. TRUMP and
1. SEXUAL ABUSE UNDER THREAT OF HARM
JEFFREY E. EPSTEIN

2. CONSPIRACY TO DEPRIVE CIVIL RIGHTS
Defendant(s).

Plaintiff Katie Johnson, for causes of actions against Defendants Donald J. Trump and
Jeffrey E. Epstein, alleges as follows:
JURISDICTION

1. Jurisdiction is pursuant to the law of Diversity, 28 U.S.C. ; 1332, as plaintiff resides in the state
of California while defendants reside in the state of New York and the action is for damages above
$75,000.

VENUE
2. The venue is established as the Eastern Division of the United States Court Central District

of California because the plaintiff resides in San Bernadino County, State of California

PLEADING PAGE FOR A COMPLAINT eC

CV-126 (09/09)

O34

7 We US)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029260
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015966.txt,"276 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

assumes each could be correct and travels down both. Solving a problem
using a machine like this can be fast. The problem is this machine has
no greater power than a regular Turing machine. Let me show you why.

A non-deterministic machine is essentially the same as a single
Turing machine; each time there is a branch in the program you would
start running two processes. The first process works on every even tick
of the computer clock and the other on every odd tick. Now we have a
single machine running two branches at the same time. Using this trick
over and over again, a single machine can run a program exploring every
possible branch. Although it generates an enormous number of branches
and takes a huge time to run, it is still a single machine and we have an
infinity of time on our hands. Therefore, the machine is limited as before.

We are not doing well so far and we have already exhausted an
infinite number of options! Let’s try a different tack. We know true
randomness is non-computable, the sort of randomness generated by
the Lavarand we examined earlier in the book. Might this help? Truly
random processes can’t be simulated by a computer. If we throw this into
the pot might it let us compute something a Turing machine cannot?

Again, no.

This idea still only generates a machine as powerful as the non-
deterministic machine above. A non-deterministic Turing machine runs
every possible program. All a random one does is choose some of the
same paths at random. It, therefore, can’t be any more powerful. The one
difference is that it can generate non-computable numbers. However, the
only interesting characteristic of these numbers is they are truly random
and this randomness was an input. Their presence does not make the
machine any more powerful.

There are quite a few proposals for hyper-computers that are just
cleverly dressed up versions of the machines we have already met and
dismissed. For example, it has been proposed the Internet could form
a super-Turing machine. This is known as a site machine because the
processing is distributed across many sites linked together through the
Internet. It is proposed each site could act as an oracle to the others. This
is quite an elegant idea, and some proofs have been offered that show
such a machine is capable of generating non-computable functions. The
problem with this idea is that you can simply draw an imaginary line
around the whole site machine and it looks exactly like a big Turing
machine. There is no conceptual difference between such a machine
and a regular computer with subroutines. After all, that’s in Turing’s

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015966
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031066.txt,"<a href=\""https://t.co/oEkYDuv2Pf\"">pic.twitter.com/oEkYDuv2Pf</a></p>é&mdash;
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@Ocasio2018) <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/Ocasio2018/status/1044304396144848898?ref src=twsrcs5SEtiw\"">
September 24, 2018</a></blockquote>\n<script asyne
src=\""https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\"" charset=\""utf-

8\""></seript>\n"", ""URL"": ""https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/oembed.json?id=1044304396144
848898"",""classification"": ""embed"", ""expirationDate"":""2069-12-
07T00:00:00.0002"",""fileSize"":0, ""identifier"": ""e3d3b8ef0bfd867596726c4f51fe63c9"", ""type™:""
oembed""}, ""ebd666e16692df90decTaa28bf642567"":{""HTML"": ""<blockquote class=\""twitter-

tweet \""><p lang=\""en\"" dir=\""ltr\"">Women must be heard. Today I am wearing black in
solidarity with Dr. Christine Blasey Ford. <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/BelieveSurvivors?src=hashéamp;ref src=twsrc%SEtfiw\"">

#BelieveSurvivors</a> <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/TIMESUP?src=hashéamp; ref src=twsrc%SEtiw\"">#TIMESUP<
ja> <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/StopKavanaugh?src=hashéamp;ref src=twsrcsSkEtiw\"">#St
opKavanaugh</a> <a
href=\""https://t.co/pSZhEIr0Xe\"">pic.twitter.com/pSZhEIr0xXe</a></p>émdash; kerry
washington (@kerrywashington) <a

href=\""https://twitter.com/kerrywashington/status/1044280899964219392?ref src=twsrc%SEt
fw\"">September 24, 2018</a></blockquote>\n<script async
srce=\""https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\"" charset=\""utf-

8\""></seript>\n"", ""URL"": ""https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/oembed.json?id=1044280899964
219392"",""classification"": ""embed"", ""expirationDate"":""2069-12-
07T00:00:00.00042"",""fileSize"":0, ""identifier"": ""ebd666el6692dt90decJaa2Z8bf642567"", ""type"":""

oembed""}},""specVersion"":""1.6"",""subtitle™:"""", ""textStyles"":{"" anf-ts-

i"": {""fontName"":""Chap-Semibold"", ""identifier"":"" anf-ts-1""},""_anf-ts-

10"": {""fontName"": ""Georgia"", ""identifier"":"" anf-ts-10""},"" anf-ts-

14"":{""fontAttributes"": {""style"":""italic""}, ""fontName"": ""Georgia-

Italic"",""identifier"":"" anf-ts-14""},""_anf-ts-2"": {""fontName"":""Canela-

Light"", ""identifier"":"" anf-ts-2""},""_anf-ts-3"": {""fontName""™:""Chap-

Regular"", ""identifier"":"" anf-ts-3"",""textColor"":""#9b9b9b""},"" anf-ts-4"":{""fontName"":""Chap-
Regular"", ""identifier"":"" anf-ts-
4""},""captionCreditTextStyle"":{""identifier"":""captionCreditTextStyle"", ""textColor""™:""#9b9b9
b""}},""title""™:""Powerful Scenes From Todayaé€™s #BelieveSurvivors

Protests"", ""version""™:""1.5""}

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031066
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025686.txt,"Investment ie
Management
Central Banks Have Begun Exploring Cryptocurrency Options Division al

1. Central Bank Current State 2. Illustrative Potential State: Central Bank Cryptocurrencies

fi if
e e
_— ant

a oo

, Ul .
t mk
1 ii

= Sovereign central banks have begun exploring cryptocurrency options.

= Aretail central bank cryptocurrency would effectively give the public access to accounts at the central bank with the
ability to transfer payments peer-to-peer.

= Cryptocurrency proposals are being considered by several central banks, including Singapore’s MAS, China’s PBOC,
Russia’s Central Bank, Sweden’s Riksbank and Ecuador’s Banco Central.

= A successful central bank cryptocurrency could substantially reduce fraud and tax evasion.

23
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025686

Source: Investment Strategy Group, “Central Bank Cryptocurrencies,” Morten Bech, Rodney Garratt, Bank of International Settlements.
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021952.txt,"Oo O DN OO FF WwW NY =|

NO RO PO PNP NM NO | S| S| HS SF S| S| S| S| S|
non BP WO NO -|- ODO OO WDN OO OT BP WO NYO —

129

A. But I understood, let me be clear, I
understood Tatiana was, you know, 18 or older at the
time.

Q. And -- and -- and you could have found out
exactly how old she was; isn't that true?

A. Potentially, yeah.

Q. Yes. And in fact, we heard today that
someone found it in just a few seconds?

A. We heard a representation to that effect. I
don't Know if that's true or not.

Q. Okay. Do you have any reason to doubt that
Tatiana was 24 at the time?

A. I mean, give or take. I mean, give or take.
I mean, I'm not trying to say -- let me be clear. I
know she's over the age of 18. Now whether she's 24 or
something, that was not something that I had
specifically --

Q. I understand you don't know, but I'm just
asking whether if we represent to you that our research
indicates she was 24 at the time, do you have any reason
to question that?

MR. SCAROLA: At what time?

MR. SIMPSON: At the time of the flight, the
flight logs showed --

THE WITNESS: 1998 flight?

ROUGH DRAFT ONLY

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021952

"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012146.txt,"—,

KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP

Congress to speak more clearly and keeps courts from making criminal law in Congress’s stead.”
Slip op. at 6.

In Cuellar, the Court examined the link between the money-laundering statute’s mens rea
requirement and the underlying elements of the offense. After a careful textual analysis of the
statute and its structure, the Court ruled that the defendant’s conviction could be sustained only if
he knew that the transportation of funds to Mexico was designed to conceal their nature,
location, source, ownership or control—not merely that the defendant knew that the Funds had
been hidden during their transportation to Mexico. Slip op. at 10-17.

Both decisions relied on the ordinary meaning of the statutory terms Congress chose.
And both rejected attempts to broaden those words to cover conduct not clearly targeted by
Congress. Taken together, these decisions reject the notion that prosecutors can take language
from a narrowly drawn federal statute—especially one that itself federalizes the prosecution of
conduct traditionally within the heartland of State police powers—and convert it into a license to
reach additional conduct by ignoring, rewriting or expansively interpreting the law. Both cases
additionally rejected the notion that statutes should be broadly construed in order to facilitate
prosecutions or to in anyway diminish the burden on prosecutors to prove each essential element
of a federal charge in conformity with Congress’s determinations as to what is within the federal
criminal law and what is not. The conflict between the Santos and Cuellar decisions and
CEOS’s grant of effectively unlimited discretionary authority to the USAO to take federal law to
“novel” places where they have never reached before could not be starker.

These lessons have no less force in the context of Executive Branch decision-making
than they do in the context of Judicial interpretation. As you are aware, when federal prosecutors
exercise their discretion, they bear an independent constitutional obligation to faithfully interpret
the law as written—not to broaden its scope beyond the limits endorsed by both Congress and
the President. There is no support for CEOS’s view that the courts or a jury should ultimately
decide whether a “novel” construction of the law is correct. Instead, the Executive Branch itself
has a non-delegable obligation not to exceed its authority; the power of other branches to check
or remedy such usurpation does not legitimize executive action that exceeds its bounds. See Tab
12, November 2, 1994 Memorandum from Assistant Attorney General Walter Dellinger to the
Hon. Abner J. Mikva, Counsel To The President, on Presidential Authority To Decline To
Execute Unconstitutional Statutes, available at http://www.usdoj.gov/olc/nonexcut.htm.

In this case, the text, structure, and history of the relevant federal statutes unambiguously
indicate that these statutes were designed to address problems of a national and international

Justice Stevens, in his concurring opinion, also acknowledged the rule of lenity, calling the plurality opinion’s
discussion of that rule “surely persuasive.” United States v. Santos, No. 06-1005, slip op. at 5 (June 2, 2008)
(Stevens, J., concurring).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012146
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022812.txt,"years | finally feel safe because of David Boies and his colleagues,” wrote Ransome, who also said the
firm did not charge her legal fees.

The letter was prompted by a Nov. 9 Times op-ed by Stanford University law professor Deborah Rhode,
titled “David Boies’s Egregious Involvement With Harvey Weinstein.” Written in the wake of

revelations in The New Yorker that Boies had engaged private investigators to kill an investigation by

Times reporters into Weinstein’s alleged sexual predations, the op-ed suggested that Boies’ work for
Weinstein was unethical, partly because the Times’ was a Boies Schiller client.

Two days earlier, on Nov. 7, following publication of The New Yorker article, Boies had issued a
statement addressed to his firm, stating that Weinstein was no longer a client and stressing that he

“would never knowingly participate in an effort to intimidate or silence women or anyone else.”

In a Nov. 21 brief in the Epstein litigation, defense lawyer Michael Miller of Steptoe & Johnson LLP argued
that Ransome had never satisfied requirements to file anonymously and had publicly identified herself with
her letter to the Times, so she should be required to add her name to the case caption.

Sigrid McCawley, a Boies Schiller partner in the firm’s Fort Lauderdale office who represents Ransome
along with Boies and others, said her client ultimately chose to go public with her name “in the hopes that
her courage will inspire other Epstein victims to speak their truth.”

In 2008, Epstein entered a guilty plea in Florida for soliciting an underage prostitute, which led to an 18-
month jail term and placement on the national sex offender registry. Since then, multiple plaintiffs have
filed related complaints against him, including one that includes allegations that President Donald

Trump's winter White House, Mar-a-Lago, was the location of events that led to sex trafficking.

Epstein has argued that the court should dismiss the case because Ransome failed to state a
substantiated claim and because the claims she makes are barred by the statute of limitations.

Steptoe’s Miller had no immediate comment for this report.

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liriam Rozen

riam Rozen covers the business of law with a focus on law firm-client relationships. Gontact her at
‘ozen@alm.com. Twitter: @MiriamRozen.

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022812
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020494.txt,"35

and dominated by the Chinese Communist Party. Members are expected to adhere to the
disciplines and goals of the Party and work to strengthen China and the Party’s rule of
China. Members of the CPPCC are expected to write reports about how their activities have
aligned with China’s interests and to detail their work on China’s behalf.”* The potential
exploitation of Chinese American members in this body by the Chinese government not
only risks harming the interests of the United States but also has the potential to harm the
security, reputation, and welfare of these Chinese Americans.

A similar quandary could present itself to those Chinese Americans who have chosen

to accept positions as consultants for another united front organization, the All-China
Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, which also serves the Party’s interests. In 2018,
twelve representatives from the United States, including wealthy businessmen and civic
leaders, were listed as advisors of the Federation’s 10 congress. The Chinese government
picked them in recognition of their prominence and efforts in advocating positions friendly
to Beijing.”

To engender a sense of close support, state-owned Chinese media outlets routinely report
about such contacts made between prominent Chinese Americans and senior Chinese
officials. There are literally hundreds of such reports in the Chinese-language press
about prominent Chinese Americans escorting leading figures from China’s united front
bureaucracy in the United States or being hosted by them in China.*° In May 2017, Li
Kexin, the deputy chief of mission at the Chinese embassy in Washington, praised the
Peaceful Reunification Council's DC chapter for holding a “peaceful reunification forum”
in Washington and for opposing Taiwan’s independence.”’ Officials from China have also
traveled freely to the United States to take part in conferences and activities designed
to further China’s influence operations in the United States. For example, United Front
officials traveled to the United States in November 2016 for the council’s annual executive
meeting, during which the council pledged to renew its efforts to “oppose Taiwan’s
independence.””8

Conclusion and Recommendations

As US citizens, Chinese Americans enjoy the same constitutional rights of freedom of speech,
association, and political participation as everyone else, and their exercise of these rights is
fully legitimate and protected by the Constitution and law. What’s more, it is incumbent

on the United States government and American society as a whole not to demonize
Chinese Americans for their feelings for and pride in China. However, it is also important
that all American citizens be aware that such feelings can sometimes be exploited by an
authoritarian regime to advance its goals and interests. Here it is not Chinese Americans who
are at fault for having an attachment to their “motherland,” but it is the Chinese Communist
Party for cynically attempting to use Chinese Americans to further its own interests in the
process making overseas Chinese communities vulnerable to distrust.

Section 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020494
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031700.txt,"Rabbi Steven Pruzansky is the spiritual leader of
Congregation Bnai Yeshurun in Teaneck, New Jersey

re ngs gh Pah PMs Pgh Rigs Ming PMs Rags Migs gl PM PMs gs a a Pg Ms Pl a PM i oa a Pa

“The most charitable way of explaining the election results of 2012 is that Americans voted
for the status quo - for the incumbent President and for a divided Congress. They must enjoy
gridlock, partisanship, incompetence, economic stagnation and avoidance of responsibility.
And fewer people voted.

But as we awake from the nightmare, it is important to eschew the facile explanations for the
Romney defeat that will prevail among the chattering classes. Romney did not lose because
of the effects of Hurricane Sandy that devastated this area, nor did he lose because he ran a
poor campaign, nor did he lose because the Republicans could have chosen better
candidates, nor did he lose because Obama benefited from a slight uptick in the economy
due to the business cycle.

Romney lost because he didn't get enough votes to win.

That might seem obvious, but not for the obvious reasons. Romney lost because the
conservative virtues - the traditional American virtues — of liberty, hard work, free enterprise,
private initiative and aspirations to moral greatness - no longer inspire or animate a majority
of the electorate.

The simplest reason why Romney lost was because it is impossible to compete against free
stuff.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031700
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024598.txt,"?

remarkably inspiring. But with Qadhafi, again, it's always the ""me,""
and that goes back to your narcissism. He has a very difficult time, as
most narcissists do, empathizing with the pain and suffering of
others. Everything is about him.

So how do you see this playing out for Libya?

Well, it's quite clear that the rebels are in control, but things will not
really be fully clarified until Qadhafi is either killed, forced to
surrender when there's no one left around him or goes down in a
blaze of bullets. I gather there has been some talk about him going
into exile in Tunisia. That's not totally out of the question, but if he
does so, that's not with the idea of giving up so much as temporarily
taking refuge there in order to continue on as the leader of Libya.

So I think that there's every reason to believe that what we are seeing
is the last act, but it could be prolonged until they actually succeed in
capturing him. Of course part of what makes it so difficult for him to
leave is the indictment by the International Criminal Court in the
Hague. His son Saif al-Islam is also indicted for crimes against
humanity. So there really is no way out for him. I think it's important
to note that his most important audience is the mirror. And when he
says these things he really does believe them. It's sounds crazy, but
it's kind of like, ""Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who's the most
important Muslim Arab Third World leader of them all?"" And the
answer is, ""You, Muammar."" He is really going have a very difficult
time seeing people celebrating his going down, in terms of trying to
sustain that heroic inner image.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024598
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029506.txt,"Nader’s story is yet another example of the sleaze, greed, and influence-peddling that has
come to seem ordinary in Trump-era Washington. But it also offers a view into a more
extraordinary and unprecedented problem: a decision by some of America’s closest allies in
the Middle East to leverage their financial resources in common cause with a bunch

of gane/s to influence U.S. foreign policy. It is a problem that can be traced back, in ways
that haven’t generally been understood, to Trump’s son-in-law and senior advisor Jared
Kushner and his mobile phone.

From the perspective of the leaders of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Israel (there
is an Israeli angle to the George Nader story, but it isn’t yet entirely clear), and Egypt, there
was an entirely rational reason to support Trump’s presidential bid and try to influence his
approach to the Middle East: They did not like former President Barack Obama’s Middle
East policy. And while they likely understood that presidential nominee Hillary Clinton was
more hawkish that the president she served as secretary of state, the Saudis, Emiratis, and
Israelis were concerned that she would be tethered to the Iran nuclear deal and thus Obama’s
Iran policy.

They also believed that Clinton would be soft on Islamists. It is an article of faith in Egypt
that she enabled the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and Mohamed Morsi in 2011 and 2012.
For countries in the Persian Gulf, Egypt provides strategic depth, and “losing” it to the
Muslim Brotherhood was a major geopolitical blow. The Israelis, for obvious reasons, were
deeply concerned about the accumulation of Islamist political power next door and blamed
the Obama administration for abandoning Hosni Mubarak, thereby placing Israel’s security
in jeopardy.

With Trump, Washington’s allies got a candidate and president who referred to the Iran
nuclear agreement as the “worst deal ever,” surrounded himself with people who either
make no distinction between al Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood or are simply outright
Islamophobes, and has forthrightly declared that the United States supports its friends in the
fight against terrorism. Full stop. No caveats, buts, or howevers concerning human rights
and the need for political reform. To them, this seemed a lot better than the appreciation of
nuance and complexity that was a hallmark of the Obama administration.

Of course, even if an American president shares a given ally’s view of the world, diplomacy
does not stop. The job of ambassadors, foreign ministers, and other representatives of
foreign governments is to keep the United States on their side. Traditionally, this is done
through formal discussions with U.S. officials at the State Department, National Security
Council, and Department of Defense; meetings with members of Congress; writing op-eds in
influential media outlets; and informal channels of influence, notably the Washington social
circuit of dinners, embassy garden parties, national day events and the like. No doubt there
was a lot of this going on through the first year and half of the Trump administration. But as

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029506
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029587.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 3/4/2019 11:27:03 PM 
To: Joi Ito 
Subject: Re: $25K from ASU 
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/opinion/letters/jeffrey-epstein.html 
On Mon, Mar 4, 2019 at 11:08 AM Joi Ito > wrote: 
I'm good. Good luck! 
- Joi 
On Mar 4, 2019, at 7:45 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
brutal press. . sorry . it seems im a symbol for all ills. :). if you hate the rich, the men , the trump 
types . im your boy . at least for the moment. . hope you are well 
On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 1:24 PM Joi Ito < wrote: 
Thanks! 
On Feb 28, 2019, at 1:18 PM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
No problem- Trying to get more black for you 
On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 1:10 PM Joi Ito <> wrote: 
Hey Jeffrey. 
How are things? 
Just to let you know. We were able to keep the Leon Black money, but the $25K from your foundation is 
getting bounced by MIT back to ASU. 
Sorry... 
- Joi 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029587 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029588 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022283.txt,"54012

Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 168/Tuesday, August 30, 2011/Rules and Regulations

that precedent in Nash-Finch Co., the
Supreme Court concluded that the
Board also had implied authority ‘‘to
enjoin state action where [the Board’s]
federal power preempts the field.’ 404
U.S. at 144. Like these judicially
recognized powers, the notice-posting
requirement that is the subject of this
rulemaking has not been specifically
provided for by Congress. But the cited
cases demonstrate that Congress need
not expressly list a power for the Board
to legitimately exercise it. Indeed, the
notice-posting requirement is not even
an implied power of the Board in the
same sense as those previously
mentioned. Rather, it is the product of
the Board’s exercise of express
rulemaking authority and inherent gap-
filling authority, both of which have
been delegated to the Board by
Congress.

2. The First Amendment and Section
8(c) of the NLRA

A handful of commenters argue that
the notice-posting requirement violates
the First Amendment to the
Constitution, Section 8(c) of the NLRA,
or both. For example, the Center on
National Labor Policy, Inc. maintains
that “compelling an employer to post its
property with a Notice that asserts the
statutory ‘rights’ and employer
obligations, runs counter to
constitutional views long protected by
the Supreme Court.”’ The Center also
argues that the “proposed poster would
impede the employer’s statutory right to
express itself on its own property.”
Along these same lines, the National
Right to Work Legal Defense
Foundation, Inc. and others on whose
behalf it writes contend that ‘‘the
Board’s proposal for forced speech
favoring unionization directly conflicts
with the First Amendment and
longstanding federal labor policy under
Section 8(c) that employers and unions
should be able to choose themselves
what to say about unionization.” These
concerns were echoed by the National
Association of Wholesaler-Distributors.
In addition, two attorneys affiliated with
Pilchak Cohen & Tice, P.C., which they
describe as “a management-side labor
and employment law firm,” argue that
the notice-posting requirement
“tramples upon employers’ Free Speech
rights by regulating the content of
information that employers are required
to tell employees and by compelling
them to post the Notice containing pro-
union NLRA rights, when it is almost
assuredly not the employers’ prerogative
to do so.”’ The Independent Association
of Bakers goes further and characterizes
the regulation as an unconstitutional
“eae order’ that “prohibits the

employer from telling the truth about
the impact a union might pose to his
business.” The Board rejects these
arguments.

As an initial matter, requiring a notice
of employee rights to be posted does not
violate the First Amendment, which
protects the freedom of speech. Indeed,
this rule does not involve employer
speech at all. The government, not the
employer, will produce and supply
posters informing employees of their
legal rights. The government has sole
responsibility for the content of those
posters, and the poster explicitly states
that it is an “official Government
Notice’; nothing in the poster is
attributed to the employer. In fact, an
employer has no obligation beyond
putting up this government poster.
These same considerations were present
in Lake Butler Apparel Co. v. Secretary
of Labor, 519 F.2d 84, 89 (5th Cir. 1975),
where the Fifth Circuit rejected as
“nonsensical” an employer’s First
Amendment challenge to the
Occupational Safety and Health Act
requirement that it post an ‘‘information
sign’’ similar to the one at issue here. As
in Lake Butler, an employer subject to
the Board’s rule retains the right to
“differ with the wisdom of * * * this
requirement even to the point * * * of
challenging its validity. * * * But the
First Amendment which gives him the
full right to contest validity to the bitter
end cannot justify his refusal to post a
notice * * * thought to be essential.”
Id.; see also Stockwell Mfg. Co. v. Usery,
536 F.2d 1306, 1309-10 (10th Cir. 1976)
(dicta) (rejecting a constitutional
challenge to a requirement that an
employer post a copy of an OSHA
citation).

But even if the Board’s notice-posting
requirement is construed to compel
employer speech, the Supreme Court
has recognized that governments have
“substantial leeway in determining
appropriate information disclosure
requirements for business
corporations.” Pac. Gas & Elec. Co. v.
Pub. Utils. Comm’n, 475 U.S. 1, 15 n.12
(1985). This discretion is particularly
wide when the government requires
information disclosures relevant to the
employment relationship. Thus, as the
D.C. Circuit has observed, ‘‘an
employer’s right to silence is sharply
constrained in the labor context, and
leaves it subject to a variety of burdens
to post notices of rights and risks.”
UAW-Labor Employment & Training
Corp. v. Chao, 325 F.3d 360, 365 (D.C.
Cir. 2003) (UAW v. Chao) (citing Lake
Butler, 519 F.2d at 89). Accordingly, the
Board’s notice-posting requirement is

not susceptible to a First Amendment
challenge.*4

The Board is equally satisfied that the
rule does not violate NLRA Section 8(c),
29 U.S.C. 158(c), which creates a safe
harbor for noncoercive speech in the
unfair labor practice area. Specifically,
Section 8(c) shields from unfair labor
practice liability “‘[t]he expressing of
any views, argument or opinion,”
provided that “such expression contains
no threat of reprisal or force or promise
of benefit.” Id. (emphasis added). A
government poster containing accurate,
factual information about employees’
legal rights “merely states what the law
requires.” Lake Butler, 519 F.2d at 89.
For that reason, “[t]he posting of the
notice does not by any stretch of the
imagination reflect one way or the other
on the views of the employer.” Id.4°

44 The decision of the intermediate state court in
Smith v. Fair Employment & Housing Commission,
30 Cal. Rptr. 2d 395 (Cal. Ct. App. 1994), rev’d on
other grounds, 913 P.2d 909 (Cal. 1996), lends no
support to arguments challenging these regulations
on First Amendment grounds. There, the California
Court of Appeal held that a landlord’s right to
freedom of speech was “‘implicate[d],” id. at 401—
02, by a state fair housing agency’s remedial order
requiring her to sign, post, and distribute notices
“setting out the provisions of [the fair housing
statute], the outcome of th[e] case, and the
statement that [she] practices equal housing
opportunity.” 913 P.2d at 914. The Smith case is
not persuasive here because the notice at issue in
Smith would not merely have set forth the rights
of prospective buyers or renters but also would
have contained a signed statement from the
landlord which would have given the false
appearance that she agreed with the state’s fair
housing “concepts and rules,” despite her religious
beliefs to the contrary. 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 401. That
feature of the case has no parallel here. Here, by
contrast, employers are not required to sign the
informational notice, and as noted, nothing in the
poster is attributed to them. The Board further notes
that the Smith decision is not authoritative because
it was superseded by the California Supreme
Court’s grant of review in that case. See 913 P.2d
at 916 n.*.

45 The Employers Association of New Jersey is
therefore off the mark when it argues that the
notice-posting requirement is preempted under the
principles of Lodge 76, International Ass’n of
Machinists & Aerospace Workers v. Wisconsin
Employment Relations Commission, 427 U.S. 132
(1976), as an attempt to regulate employer speech
“about unionization and collective bargaining.” As
explained above, the employer’s choice whether to
express its own views, arguments, or opinions is
wholly unaffected by a requirement to post a
government-provided notice summarizing what the
law requires. Indeed, consistent with both
Machinists and the policy of Section 8(c) “‘to
encourage free debate on issues dividing labor and
management,’ Brown, 554 U.S. at 67 (quoting Linn
v. United Plant Guard Workers, Local 114, 383 U.S.
53, 62 (1966)), employers remain free under this
rule—as they have in the past—to express
noncoercive views regarding the exercise of these
rights as well as others. See, e.g., United Techs.
Corp., 274 N.L.R.B. 609, 609, 618-20, 624-26
(1985), enforced sub nom. NLRB v. Pratt & Whitney
Air Craft Div.v., United Techs. Corp., 789 F.2d 121
(2d Cir. 1986); Warrensburg Bd. & Paper Corp., 143
N.L.R.B. 398, 398-99 (1963), enforced, 340 F.2d 920
(2d Cir. 1965). For this reason, the Board finds it
unnecessary to adopt the proposal made by the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022283
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019444.txt,"﻿wawa --4genni.mlw 
DOM INA KINAERSLEV; SOURCE FOR WATER FACT WATER RESOURCFS f4A.VACEM 
Frontt nes 
SCIENCEBUSINESSNATURETECHNOLOGYCULTUREPOUTICS 
EARTHS SECRETS 
Now might soil 
bacteria be affected 
by global warming', 
BIOLOGISTS DIG DEEPER 
Canada's new Biotron superlab contains miniature chunks of the natural world that 
will help us predict the impact of climate change on living organisms 
BY LINDSAY BORTH WICK 
GROUP OF PLANT SCIENTISTS GATHERED IN VIENNA IN 2005 AT THE 
International Botanical Congress. The meeting was pretty much what you would 
expect until its conclusion, when the congress declared: ""As a matter of urgency, 
facilities for controlled, ecosystem-scale experiments are required now."" With-
out a better toolbox to study how the natural world responds to global climate 
change, ""sustained human habitability of Earth"" would be at risk. 
Fortunately, just such a toolbox was already being designed by Norman 
Winer, a Canadian biochemist and plant biologist. Htiner had begun work on his Biotron Institute for 
Experimental Climate Change Research in 1999. In early 2008 it will open its doors, the first facility in the 
• 
Atebtionsumm,..iii* 
per capita water consumption in the United States: 660,430 gallons. In China: 184,920 gallons 
WINTER 2008 
Peace in 
The Garden 
LAST FALL IN THE GERMAN 
city of Kassel.. a group of 
about 15 women harvested 
a bumper crop of pumpkins, 
squash, and wine grapes 
from a small community gar-
den. Nothing unusual there, 
perhaps—except that the 
women were from Morocco, 
Afghanistan, Somalia, and 
the former Yugoslavia. 
The ""intercultural garden"" 
in Kassel is one of about 100 
in Germany, but the only one 
run entirely by women. (And 
after the gardeners had long 
discussions about the haz-
ards of pesticides, its produce 
will be totally organic.) The 
gardens began in 1495, after 
a group of Bosnian women 
in Gottingen, waiting out the 
Balkan conflict, told social 
workers how much they 
missed the famous plum and 
apple orchards of Bosnia's 
Drina Valley. 
There has been adversity 
along the way. A garden in 
Berlin had to be placed under 
police protection after it was 
targeted by neo-Nazi protest-
ers. In Cologne the gates of 
another garden have been 
destroyed three times. And it 
isn't always easy to coax tra-
ditional crops such as Afghan 
mint, coriander, and Iranian 
leeks from the mineral-rich 
German soil. Yet the gardens 
thrive. Says Behoumi, a 
31-year-old from Morocco, 
""Without the beauty of the 
garden I could not survive."" 
—ANGELA BOSKOVICH 
WINTER 2008 onearth 13 
FRONTLINES 
world that will allow researchers 
to re-create and study how a com-
plete ecosystem, such as Arctic 
tundra or boreal forest, responds 
to climate change. The Biotron, 
Hiiner says, is ""as close as you 
can get to nature [in a lab]."" 
The Biotron will help integrate 
biology into the scientific study of 
global warming. Existing climate 
change models, says Hillier, are 
more about physics than biology; 
moreover, they describe changes 
that are happening to the planet 
rather than to particular habitats, 
species, or individuals. Scientists 
haven't been able to create pre-
dictive models, for example, 
of how changes in rainfall and 
researchers tested in two sepa-
rate ""missions"" whether humans 
could live sustainably in a sealed, 
self-contained environment as 
a precursor to colonizing outer 
space. The Biotron, scientifically 
speaking, is in a different league. 
The superlaboratory is a 
joint project of the University of 
Western Ontario, the University 
of Guelph, Ontario, and Agricul-
ture and Agri-Food Canada, a 
federal agency. The nondescript 
five-story building, located in the 
agricultural heartland of south-
western Ontario, is an engineer-
ing marvel, yet a bargain at just 
U.S. $28 million. 
Inside are state-of-the-art fa-
cilities that support research into 
microorganisms, insects, and 
plants, all of which can be geneti-
cally modified to suit research-
ers' needs. Temperature in the 
Researchers will vie for access to 
the Biotron much as physicists compete 
to use the world's few particle _ 
accelerators or astronomers the latest and 
biggest optical telescopes 
temperature will affect soybean 
yields in the U.S. grain belt or 
butterflies in the Amazon basin, 
because, with a few exceptions, 
they haven't had the tools to 
measure the impact of climate 
change on living organisms. 
Now there's a place where 
whole ecosystems can be scrupu-
lously re-created and organisms 
scrutinized, from their DNA to 
their interaction with other organ-
isms. With more complete data, 
scientists will be able to make 
better predictions—and (heir ex-
perimental findings could better 
inform policy makers, who might, 
for example, provide subsidies for 
crops that respond well to emerg-
ing climate patterns. 
The Biotron may call to mind 
Biosphere 2, the large artificial 
habitat plopped down 20 years 
ago in the Arizona desert, where 
Biotron's climate chambers can 
be varied from —40 degrees Fahr-
enheit to 122 degrees, to simulate 
anything from the Arctic winter to 
a tropical rainforest On the roof of 
the building are six ""biomes""—air-
locked, greenhouse-like structures 
that have been custom designed 
to precisely control environmental 
factors such as temperature, UV 
radiation, light intensity, wind, pre-
cipitation, and CO2. Each biome is 
large enough to house bees more 
than 30 feet tall and to allow for 
there-creation of complex biologi-
cal communities that can extend 
from the highest tree canopies to 
underground soil layers. 
If the possibilities seem end-
less, they nearly are. The plan is 
for the world's leading scientists to 
rotate in and out of the lab space, 
and the biomes will be regularly 
reconfigured. One such setup will 
use cross sections of Arctic perma-
frost, transported from northern 
Canada, so researchers can study 
how it reacts to rising tempera-
tures: As the permafrost thaws, 
how much methane gas will be 
released? How will bacteria and 
overwintering insects be affected 
by changing freeze-thaw cycles? 
Scientists will design and study 
more temperate ecosystems, 
as well, to learn how changes 
in temperature and CO2 affect 
the growth of photosynthetic 
organisms, including crops and 
boreal forest, 
Biotron researchers will also be 
able to study the benefits and risks 
of biotechnology in agriculture, 
forestry, and medicine by examin-
ing the basic biology of genetically 
modified organisms: What is the 
rate of gene transfer from trans-
genic plants to wild ones? Can 
plants be engineered to manufac-
ture medicinal compounds that 
will benefit humans? 
The Biotron will be equipped 
with a sophisticated imaging and 
analysis system—a virtual control 
room—that will expand its reach 
globally, allowing researchers 
anywhere to manage and moni-
tor experiments remotely over 
the Internet in real time. A scien.-
fist in India studying the impact 
of climate change on rice could 
instruct the Biotron to raise the 
temperature or CO2 concentra-
tion in a biome set up to simulate 
a SouthAsian rice paddy. Then he 
or she could monitor the impact 
of this change through images 
and other data automatically col-
lected and stored in a supercom-
puling network 
Researchers will vie for access 
to the Biotron in much the same 
way that physicists compete to 
use the world's few particle accel-
erators or astronomers the latest 
and biggest optical telescopes. 
like them, itis a. place for frontier 
science, where old models will fall 
and new and unexpected ones will 
arise—except that the goal is not 
to understand our cosmic origins 
but to influence our destiny. 
Through personal care products, the average American child is exposed to 27 chemicals daily that have not been proven safe 
Far From 
Nirvana 
NEW YORK CITY'S AMITABHA 
Buddhists are full of good 
intentions. Last summer 
members of the group bought 
hundreds of eeLs, frogs, anti 
turtles from the city's China-
town markets and released 
them into New Jersey's Pas-
saic River to save them from 
the dinner table. The problem: 
the state's Department of 
Environmental Protection has 
strict rules for the release of 
animals into its watersheds, 
and the group now faces fines 
for illegally introducing inva-
sive species. To make matters 
worse, the animals may not 
survive, —ADAM SPANGLER 
They Didn't 
Mean That 
IN OUR FALL 2007 ISSUE, 
Howard Frumkin of the 
Centers for Disease Control 
warned that global warming 
was ""perhaps the largest 
looming public health chal-
lenge that we face."" On 
October 23, Frumkin's 
boss, CDC director Julie 
Gerberding, testified about 
climate change to the Sen-
ate Environment and Public 
Works Committee. By the 
time Bush administration 
officials were done review-
ing her 12-page draft, it had 
been slashed to six. Among 
the statements cut: ""The COC 
considerS climate change a 
serious public concern.' 
WORKING GROUP 
AGOKG ILLUSTRATION VU MEW WACICKKAN lOGHT PHU lOGRAPII FOR ONEARTH VT COOT FICKCNS. 'MATTE FOR GKEHICALS FACT TNT 
M'',MM.V.ve.:VMM8ia:M:Z.WMag'S.W2M.?MWZSSVAYSKE:MN,MRM:;U'M..PMEWigMKM:;5:::W2:MraMX:X%M.SS'WM?2Z?VZIMM;M?MLWMV:?MarWMS:MZoMiiVSXMAM'a 
14 onearth WINTER 2008 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032209.txt,"From: Multiple Senders [Multiple Senders]

Sent: 7/5/2017 8:29:33 PM
To: lawkrauss; jeevacation
Subject: lawkrauss -- 2017/07/05
lawkrauss

07/05/2017 07:29:33 PM
hi.. tried you a bunch of times.. leaving for london and paris tomorrow.. where are you?

jeevacation
07/05/2017 08:32:54 PM
paris

lawkrauss
07/05/2017 09:12:23 PM
we will be there July 13-16.. will you?

jeevacation
07/05/2017 09:13:04 PM
are you nuts. trump will close down the city

lawkrauss
07/05/2017 09:14:01 PM
He won't be there then.. I am talking about Paris

lawkrauss

07/05/2017 10:54:53 PM

don't forget my dream app idea.. and don't steal it. :) anyway, I do think it would be fascinating to make it
happen. lets talk about how to make that happen. I think we could learn some very interesting things that could
only be learned that way.

lawkrauss
07/05/2017 11:01:43 PM
oh yeah.. and I like the idea of you matching ASU.. could you do that? :)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032209
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010751.txt,"Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 306 Entered on FLSD Docket 02/02/2015 Page 17 of 19

where inference is “trustworthy under all of the circumstances” including relationship, shared
interest and control); Kontos v. Kontos, 968 F.Supp. 400, 407-408 (1997) (no adverse inference
allowed from invocation of Fifth Amendment by sister of civil defendant in absence of “identity
of interests”); Sebastian v. City of Chicago, 2008 WL 2875255 *33-34 (N.D. Ill. 2008)(no
adverse inference from invocation of Fifth Amendment in absence of close family or business
relationship). Similarly, any other witnesses taking the Fifth Amendment and remaining silent to
protect themselves are obviously not creating any kind of evidence against Prof. Dershowitz.
See, Coquina Investments, 760 F.3d at 1310 (11th Cir. 2014).
Conclusion

In conclusion, Prof. Dershowitz has no interest in joining this case other than to strike the
scurrilous and irrelevant allegations against him. If the Court grants Jane Does #3 and #4 motion
for joinder (DE 279), then Prof. Dershowitz’s motion for limited intervention should be granted
for such purposes as may be appropriate including submitting a motion to strike or other relief,
so as to give him an opportunity to defend himself against harmful, defamatory and false
allegations of the worse kind. If the Court rejects the pending motion for joinder, then the Court
should strike the scurrilous allegations against Dershowitz, or, alternatively, determine the
possible mootness of his Motion for Limited Intervention. Of course, if the Court strikes the
allegations against him sua sponte, Prof. Dershowitz will withdraw his motion for limited
intervention.

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Kendall Coffey

Kendall Coffey, Fla. Bar No. 259681
kcoffey@coffeyburlington.com
Gabriel Groisman, Fla. Bar No. 25644

ggroisman@coffeyburlington.com

17

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010751
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028618.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028618
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030057.txt,"28

Article 8.

Wall Street Journal

Norway to Jews: You're Not Welcome

Here
Alan M. Dershowitz

MARCH 29, 2011 -- I recently completed a tour of Norwegian
universities, where I spoke about international law as applied to the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But the tour nearly never happened.

Its sponsor, a Norwegian pro-Israel group, offered to have me lecture
without any charge to the three major universities. Norwegian
universities generally jump at any opportunity to invite lecturers from
elsewhere. When my Harvard colleague Stephen Walt, co-author of
""The Israel Lobby,"" came to Norway, he was immediately invited to
present a lecture at the Norwegian University of Science and
Technology in Trondheim. Likewise with Ilan Pappe, a demonizer of
Israel who teaches at Oxford.

My hosts expected, therefore, that their offer to have me present a
different academic perspective on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
would be eagerly accepted. I have written half a dozen books on the
subject presenting a centrist view in support of the two-state solution.
But the universities refused.

The dean of the law faculty at Bergen University said he would be
""honored"" to have me present a lecture ""on the O.J. Simpson case,"" as
long as I was willing to promise not to mention Israel. An
administrator at the Trondheim school said that Israel was too
""controversial.""

The University of Oslo simply said ""no"" without offering an excuse.
That led one journalist to wonder whether the Norwegian universities
believe that I am ""not entirely house-trained.""

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030057
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010989.txt,"Basic Glossary

I use standard terms when I can find them, and coin new ones like “aims” and “ends”

when I can’t. But even standard ones are ambiguous. The vocabulary of economics is

not settled. Look up “capital” or “output” or “cash flow”, for example, in any

economic dictionary. It will show ranges of meanings, and appreciably different

ones from one dictionary to the next. I coped by defining as | went along, and would

have had to do the same even if this book were meant for economists only.

Otherwise the ambiguities would have left loopholes.

Definitions include:

Aims:

Capital:

Cash flow:

Ends:
Exhaust:
Flow:

Human capital:

Income:

Invested consumption:

Maximand rule:

Net transfer:

Chapter 3: Foundations

Intention to maximize the sum of current taste
satisfactions plus gift, plus growth in means of future
satisfactions and gift.

Means of aims; human plus physical capital; present
value of expected cash flows.

Capital passed out, in transfer or exhaust, less capital
inserted from outside.

Rationale of aims; biological imperative.

Termination of capital in taste satisfaction.

Any process measured in capital per unit time.

Present value of skill sets; capital whose outside
operating cost is exhausted in taste satisfaction; present
value of pay less invested consumption; present cost of
past invested consumption less pay.

Rights to output; equal to output.

Transfer into value of human capital.

All behavior is maximization of perceived risk-adjusted
output and return as a flow and a rate respectively.

Transfer out less transfer in.

1/11/16 18

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010989
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012671.txt,"{2003/7006
05/16/2008 11:16 FAX 003

05/16/08 FRI 11:08 FAX

As was made clear at the outset, we did not review the facts, circumstances, or terms
included in the plea offer, nor any allegations that individuals involved in the investigation
engaged in misconduct. Despite that agreement, we note that your letters of April 8, April 28,
and May 14 focus in large part on accusations of investigative or prosecutorial misconduct. Not
only do allegations of prosecutorial misconduct fall outside the boundary of our agreed review,
they also fall outside the authority of the Criminal Division in the first instance. Simply, the
Criminal Division does not investi gate or resolve allegations of professional misconduct by
federal prosecutors. For these Teasons, we do not respond to the portion of those letters that
discuss alleged misconduct,

Based on our review of all of these materials, and after careful consideration of the issues,
we conclude that U.S. Attomey Acosta could properly use his discretion to authorize prosecution
in this case. We will briefly address each of the issues that you have raised,

Knowledge of age. Federal child exploitation statutes differ as to whether there must be
proof that the defendant was aware that the children were under the age of 18. However, even
for those statutes where knowledge of age is an element of the offense, it is possible to satisfy
that element with proof that the defendant was deliberately ignorant of facts which would suggest
that the person was a minor. For that reason, the fact that some of the individuals allegedly lied
to Mr. Epstein about their age is not dispositive of the issue. While there may be an open factual
issue as to Mr. Epstein’s knowledge, we cannot say that it would be impossible to prove
knowledge of age for any such charges which require it. Therefore, Mr. Acosta could rightfully
conclude that this factual issue is best resolved by a jury.

Travel for the purpose. In the materials you prepared, you suggest that Mr. Epstein
should not be charged with violating 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b) because his dominant purpose in going
to Florida was not to engage in iNegal sexual activity, but rather to return to one of his residences,
While we fully understand your argument, we also find that the U.S. Attorney’s office has a good
faith basis fully to develop the facts on this issue and brief the law to permit a court to decide
whether the law properly reaches such conduct. Mr. Acosta would not be abusing his discretion
if he decided to pursue such a course of action,

2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012671
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029089.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

<Interocept stock trading.pdf>

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029089
"
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IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019522.txt,"34 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

a retreat that qualified her to be a yoga instructor. She had been liv-
ing on and off with Snowden during the previous two years abroad,
including while he worked at the CIA in Switzerland and the NSA in
Japan, and now she moved in with Snowden again. The twenty-five-
year-old Mills posted on Instagram, “Finally in our first US place
together.” She also put pictures online of him in bed with her, affec-
tionately referring to him in her posts as a “computer crusader.”

He worked on problem solving for corporate clients at Dell head-
quarters in Annapolis. In preparation for his new corporate role,
Snowden shaved off his facial hair and, with Lindsay’s help, bought a
Ralph Lauren suit. His corporate clients were assisting the NSA, the
CIA, and the DIA. Consequently, Snowden dealt with a wide range of
intelligence officers and gave presentations on the vulnerabilities in
computer security at the DIA-sponsored Joint Counterintelligence
seminar. In February 2011, he attended a black tie Valentine’s Day
gala sponsored by corporate members of the Armed Forces Commu-
nication and Electronics Association. The guest speaker was Michael
Hayden, who had headed the CIA when Snowden was abruptly

© forced out two years earlier. Nevertheless, Snowden joined the cue ©
to have his photo taken with the former director, a perk of the char-
ity event.

These dealings in no way mitigated his resentment of the intel-
ligence establishment. What began at the CIA in 2009 as objections
to what he saw as the incompetence of his superiors grew into well-
articulated disapproval of the way the U.S. government conducted
its intelligence. He found NSA surveillance particularly worrisome,
later telling The Guardian, “They [the NSA] are intent on making
every conversation and every form of behavior in the world known
to them.” He claimed after defecting to Moscow that he had voiced
his concerns about what he considered illicit surveillance to ten NSA
officials, “none of whom took any action to address them.” The NSA
can find no record of these complaints, but if Snowden had indeed
complained to these officials while working for Dell, his superiors
at Dell either didn’t notice or didn’t care that they had a very dis-
gruntled employee on their hands.

Snowden also made no secret on the Internet of his anger at the
U.S. government and the corporations that served it. He railed on

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 34 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019522
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027157.txt,"Is Invitation: No

fy

GUID: 731EOD61-854E-4897-8D92-DFBCA0 98 9684

Message: aids is partially an american problem.

Sender: iy

Time: 02/18/17 02:40:51 PM (509150451)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

Fal

1013E5EA-BA23-493C-8A05-FE2A0042AE0D

GUID:

as is drug abuse.

Message: OK let's keep thinking BG likes deals too

Sender: EZ!

Time: 02/18/17 02:41:13 PM (509150473)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

ral

EF35822F-4E2E-48D4-8F23-53B479CS5AECA

GUID:

Message: PEPFAR was a george bush/republican thing

Time: 02/18/17 02:41:35 PM (509150495)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: 88BF3149-6E23-4CAO-A37A-OO0AFC1399A05

Message: It's the only one of the international
to support

Time: 02/18/17 02:41:43 PM (509150503)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

SACD50F0-C598-461C-A8 43-4BA5E9AC375E

GUID:

Message: Trump even kept th

ee
02/18/17 02:42:16 PM

Sender:

Time: (509150536)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: F9E3975C-3237-4295-B8F6-80716CDA3C49

health things the republicans all seem

obama person running it

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027157
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014649.txt,"Equity Investment Rating Distribution

: Energy Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 105 46.67% Buy 88 83.81%
Hold 54 24.00% Hold 48 88.89%
Sell 66 29.33% Sell 49 14.24%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Financial Services Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 113 46.89% Buy 89 18.76%
Hold 66 27.39% Hold 55 83.33%
Sell 62 25.13% Sell 40 64.52%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Gaming Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 24 54.55% Buy 16 66.67%
Hold 14 31.82% Hold 6 42.86%
Sell 6 13.64% Sell 1 16.67%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Health Care Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 134 54.92% Buy 100 14.63%
Hold 59 24.18% Hold 38 64.41%
Sell 51 20.90% Sell 23 45.10%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Industrials/Multi-Industry Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 38 55.07% Buy at 71.05%
Hold i 10.14% Hold 4 57.14%
Sell 24 34.78% Sell 15 62.50%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Technology Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 113 56.50% Buy 82 12.57%
Hold 40 20.00% Hold 32 80.00%
Sell 47 23.50% Sell 28 59.57%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Transport/Infrastructure Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 3 49.66% Buy 53 12.60%
Hold 35 23.81% Hold 21 60.00%
Sell 39 26.53% Sell 19 48.72%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Utilities Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 58 46.03% Buy 45 17.59%
Hold 34 26.98% Hold 29 85.29%
Sell 34 26.98% Sell 20 58.82%
Equity Investment Rating Distribution: Global Group (as of 30 Sep 2016)

Coverage Universe Count Percent Inv. Banking Relationships* Count Percent
Buy 1553 49.44% Buy 1130 12.16%
Hold 730 23.24% Hold 538 13.10%
Sell 858 27.32% Sell 514 59.91%

* Issuers that were investment banking clients of BofA Merrill Lynch or one of its affiliates within the past 12 months. For purposes of this Investment Rating Distribution, the coverage universe includes only stocks. A
stock rated Neutral is included as a Hold, and a stock rated Underperform is included as a Sell.

FUNDAMENTAL EQUITY OPINION KEY: Opinions include a Volatility Risk Rating, an Investment Rating and an Income Rating. VOLATILITY RISK RATINGS, indicators of potential
price fluctuation, are: A - Low, B - Medium and C - High. INVESTMENT RATINGS reflect the analyst’s assessment of a stock’s: (i) absolute total return potential and (ii)
attractiveness for investment relative to other stocks within its Coverage Cluster (defined below). There are three investment ratings: 1 - Buy stocks are expected to have a total
return of at least 10% and are the most attractive stocks in the coverage cluster; 2 - Neutral stocks are expected to remain flat or increase in value and are less attractive than
Buy rated stocks and 3 - Underperform stocks are the least attractive stocks in a coverage cluster. Analysts assign investment ratings considering, among other things, the 0-12
month total return expectation for a stock and the firm’s guidelines for ratings dispersions (shown in the table below). The current price objective for a stock should be
referenced to better understand the total return expectation at any given time. The price objective reflects the analyst’s view of the potential price appreciation (depreciation).

Investment rating Total return expectation (within 12-month period of date of initial rating) Ratings dispersion guidelines for coverage cluster*

Buy = 10% < 10%
Neutral = 0% = 30%
Underperform NIA = 20%

*Ratings dispersions may vary from time to time where BofA Merrill Lynch Research believes it better reflects the investment prospects of stocks in a Coverage Cluster.

INCOME RATINGS, indicators of potential cash dividends, are: 7 - same/higher (dividend considered to be secure), 8 - same/lower (dividend not considered to be secure) and 9 - pays
no cash dividend. Coverage Cluster is comprised of stocks covered by a single analyst or two or more analysts sharing a common industry, sector, region or other classification(s). A stock’s
coverage cluster is included in the most recent BofA Merrill Lynch report referencing the stock.

Price charts for the securities referenced in this research report are available at http://pricecharts.baml.com, or call 1-800-MERRILL to have them mailed.
MLPF&S or one of its affiliates acts as a market maker for the equity securities recommended in the report: Aetna Inc, Consolidated Edison, Dover Corp, General Dynamics, Hess, MGM Resorts,
Norfolk Southern, SVB Financial, Texas Instrument, TripAdvisor.

BankofAmerica <2”

28 Top 10 US Ideas Quarterly | 03 January 2017 Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014649
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028264.txt,"/ BARAK / 130

up in our inner Group of Eight discussions, I could usually count only on Dan
Meridor, and occasionally a handful of others, to argue in favor of any form of
initiative on our side. In private meetings, Bibi did sometimes engage in discussion
about what Israel might do. But he invariably steered the conversation elsewhere,
insisting that the real issue was the Palestinians’ lack of any interest in making
peace.

My main worry wasn’t the immediate future of the negotiations. For now, the
chances of an agreement seemed close to zero. It was the longer-term damage
Bibi’s approach would do in further delaying any serious move by Israel to put our
relations with the Palestinians on a more stable and sustainable footing. The
dithering, delay and deadlock suited him politically. Ironically, my own efforts on
the security front had also made it easier for us to do next to nothing. Intermittent
outbreaks of violence always remained a threat. Yet the West Bank security fence,
along with our military, police and intelligence measures, meant it was very
unlikely we’d see a return to the full-blown terror war of the second intifada. I was
also working to secure US support for our development of increasingly effective
anti-missile weapons to reduce the threat from Hamas in Gaza. The overall result
was that for many, if not most, Israelis, the conflict with the Palestinians didn’t
impact on their day-to-day lives. It was unseen and largely unfelt.

Still, the effect of the stalemate on our relationship with Washington did matter:
both for our security cooperation on things like the anti-missile weapons and,
crucially, the challenge which had led me into Bibi’s government in the first place:
keeping Iran from getting a nuclear weapon.

It was a race against time. The Iranians were producing more and more
yellowcake, building more advanced centrifuges, accumulating more low-enriched
uranium. They were getting better at hiding and protecting the network of facilities
being used to try to produce a nuclear weapon. And in the early months of Bibi’s
Prime Ministership, the question we faced wasn’t even whether to take military
action against Iran — something I knew, from Bob Gates and others, that the
Obama administration viewed no more favourably than George W. Bush. It was

416
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028264
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021205.txt,"so much for sending me here to learn this. You are going to love my new
area of expertise! | am having such an amazing time over here!!” | had to
let him know how much I appreciated what he had done for me and he
loved the head swell that it would make him feel as well. Hating the
thought of going back to him, I wasn’t going to let that put a damper on
my spirits while I was still out there. It was my time to party harder than
ever before. Every night was a new adventure for me. Chang-Mai was a
maze of places to get lost in and the vibrant city was my playground. The
way | saw it this was my last chance to get out and break free, letting
loose my inner girl it felt so good to take the lead of my own life.

Chapter 21

It was an average evening getting ready in front of the bathroom mirror
on just an average Sunday, though unbeknownst to us girls as we sat
there chatting away carelessly, this night was already written in the stars
for me. It was a very long time ago now when I was still a young child
that I sat looking up to those same stars from my bedroom window with
my hands pressed tightly together as I cried for God to hear my prayers.
All 1 asked him for was death. My precious life was already such a
hopeless battle that I felt too small to fight alone for. Begging him to
deliver me from this cruel world I would pray for all of my pain would to
away for good. My only clause in my prayers was the possibility that
there was somebody in this wide world that I was meant to love,
something much bigger than I could have even imagined yet. This
invocation of mine was forgotten about long ago now, until tonight.

I wish [ had known that night I sat crying beneath the stars that it
would all be different one day and that [ hadn’t sold myself short to the
accustomed lifestyle 1 was brought up to believing was acceptable. It was
this night my very soul was about to cosmically collide with the man I
was always meant for, the man my heart already belonged to and would
know from the instant we met. This night would be the first day to the
beginning of my new life to come.

I blushed my cheeks and put on my mascara before me and my
girlfriend headed out to hit the town. We were dressed to kill and looking
for something to do when we ran into a few of our class mates at one of
our favorite drinking spots. They were meeting up for some drinks before
a Muay-Thai kickboxing tournament. It sounded like fun when they
invited us along to watch it with them. The massive crowd lined the street
where the fight was being held and once I got inside the arena it was push

Li Copyright Protected Material
CONFIDENTIAL GIUFFRE004254

and shove to try to find a spot to watch from. The friends that we were
hanging out with were meeting up with another group of guys that were
training for the kickboxing tournaments that we were watching.

Then it happened it was the first moment I laid eyes on the man that
would love me for the rest of my life. I wasn’t expecting the most
amazing time of my life to happen right there and then but it did and I
would never be the same again. Destiny fell right smack into my lap and
there was no stopping it! It wasn’t just his smoldering appeal that was
obvious at first sight it was the entire package of mannerism and chivalry
that made him stand out of the crowd. Stepping right out of the pages of
the fairytales I used to read, he was nothing like | had ever come to know
before.

Watching him from a close distance he was playfully shadow boxing
one of the guys from my massage class and it was at that moment that
this handsome stranger first caught me staring at him. From top to toe this
athletically built man was intriguing to watch, | couldn’t take my eyes off
him like [ was magnetically drawn to his power of attraction. He further
interested me when he wasn’t acting like the majority of harping dogs
that would jump at the eyes I was giving him now. Instead he coyly
played hard to get, making me work for any conversation with him. The
fight started and the men were going bezerk, screaming at the fighters in
the ring offering either fighter their support or discrimination depending

on whom they were batting for. It was like watching a primitive scene out

of the days when the cavemen ruled the earth but it was as equally
alluring to watch unfold, the sweat, the blood and the absolute brut
fascination of it all.

After the fight and all of the men revved up from the fight, I suggested
that we all head to the pizza joint in front of the Princess Hotel where |
was staying for a late night snack. I made it my goal to make myself
known to this appealing stranger. In the tuk-tuk on the way there [ made
sure I sat next to Robbie. Scooting my knees closer and closer to him on
the short ride he continued his chase by moving further away from me, a
game of cat and mouse that I loved. When he answered back the array of
my questions he had the cutest Aussie accent that drove me absolutely
wild.

Gradually we got to know each other better over a pie of peperoni
pizza and two can’s of coke. Too me he might as well have been the only
other person in the restaurant, he knew he had my undivided attention and
I think he liked it. There was no one like him that [ had ever met before
and I knew there was no other who could make me feel the way that I felt
at the first sight of him. Being charming and suave was all an accidental
tront. It was easy to read him. Immediately it wasn’t hard to see his sweet
side, holding the door and pulling out my chair at the restaurant, 1 was

122

C Copyright Protected Material

GIUFFRLEN04255,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021205
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017146.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

not guilty of the specific misdeed of which he is being accused, but he is guilty of a similar
misdemeanor of which you know nothing and of which you do not accuse him. He
therefore quite truly denies his guilt in the one case, but in doing so betrays his sense of
guilt with regard to the other. The adult neurotic behaves in this and in many other ways
just as the child does. People of this kind are often to be met, and it is indeed a question
whether your technique will succeed in distinguishing such self-accused persons from
those who are really guilty.

In addition to citing Freud and dozens of other psychological sources, I also invoked my favorite
novelist, Dostoevski, noting that in the Brothers Karamazov:

“the author describes how Ivan—the brother who had desired death of the father but had
not perpetrated the act—manifests all the traditional symptoms of guilt described by
Wigmore, whereas the actual murderer reacts in a cool dispassionate way,
consistent—according to Wigmore—with innocence.”

Judge Bazelon approved of my somewhat sophomoric display of erudition, so long as at least one
other judge agreed to reverse the conviction and order a new trial with a proper instruction on
flight and guilt.'*®

Judge Fahey did agree, while writing a short concurrence. Judge Burger wrote a scathing
dissent—arguing that our proposed instruction “may be appropriate to a philosophical
interchange between judges, lawyers and experts in psychology...but was unnecessary to a jury.”
Judge Bazelon assured me that Burger’s dissent “proves we’re right.”

All in all the Bazelon clerkship proved to be a turning point in my life. He helped shape me into
the person I have become. He influenced me as a lawyer, teacher, writer, public intellectual and
as a liberal Jew. His highest praise for any person was that he or she “is a mensch.” I have
aspired to that accolade. When Judge Bazelon retired in 1985, I wrote the following about his
contributions to our nation:

David Bazelon is certainly not a household name to most Americans. Yet Judge
Bazelon—who just retired after thirty six years of distinguished service on the US Court
of Appeals for the District of Columbia—has been your conscience in Washington since
1949.

No single judge—whether on the Supreme Court, the lower federal courts or the state
courts—has had a more profound impact on the law’s sensitivity to human needs.

'8 The new instructions were to follow these principles:

“When evidence of flight has been introduced into a case, in my opinion the trial court should, if
requested, explain to the jury, in appropriate language, that flight does not necessarily reflect feelings of
guilt, and that feelings of guilt, which are present in many innocent people, do not necessarily reflect
actual guilt. This explanation may help the jury to understand and follow the instruction which should
then be given, that they are not to presume guilt from flight; that they may, but need not, consider flight
as one circumstance tending to show feelings of guilt; and that they may, but need not, consider feelings
of guilt as evidence tending to show actual guilt.”

59

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017146
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014891.txt,"Stock price performance above estimate revisions

Internet sector stocks are up 6% YTD, on average, while EPS estimates for profitable
companies in our coverage cluster are down 5% YTD. For large-caps over S5bn in
market cap., street 2017 EPS estimates are down 8% YTD while the average stock price
is up 9% YTD; suggesting macro expectations and stock rotation are having a larger
impact on stock movement than earnings estimates. eCommerce leads the group, up
8% YTD with Travel up 6% and Media behind at 5%. Small Caps are lagging Large caps
YTD at 4% vs. 9%.

Chart 1: YTD Stock Price Performance vs. YTD 2017 Estimate Revisions By Sector

10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%

-2%

-4%
-6%
-8%
-10%

Internet Media eCommerce Travel Large-Cap Small-Cap SP. 500
Group

m 2017 % Change in Stock Price m YTD % Change in Street 2017 Est
Source: Excludes companies with negative earnings, Bloomberg, as of 4/4/2017

Nine of the twelve large caps in our group are up YTD and four of these companies have
had positive stock returns despite negative EPS estimate revision (AMZN, EXPE, EBAY &
IAC). TRIP is the worst performing large cap YTD, down 12%. Only FB and NFLX have
had positive 2017 EPS estimate revisions, with GOOGL, YHOO and PCLN holding flat.

Chart 2: YTD Stock Price Performance vs. YTD 2017 EPS Revisions For Larger-Cap Internet Stocks ($5bn+)

30%

20%

10%

0%

-10%

-20%

-30%

-40%

AMZN EBAY EXPE FB GOOGL ~—-NFLX PCLN TRIP TWTR YHOO IAC ZG SPX Avg

mw 2017 % Change in Stock Price m YTD % Change in Street 2017 Est

Source: Bloomberg consensus estimates, as of 4/4/2017

BankofAmerica <2 ; ;
Merrill Lynch Internet/e-Commerce | 06 April 2017 5

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014891
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025309.txt,"Laffer Associates Game On [Updated 7/6/2016]

In fact the entire political terrain of the U.S. has shifted 180 degrees in the past 8 years with one exception—the White House.
A betting person with any lick of sense would be loath to bet against a Republican presidency and a radical reversal of
economic policies.

VI._Issues and Political History
Another factor favoring Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton has to do with longevity and negative selection. The political

process, more than any system I’ve ever worked with, thrives on pointing out mistakes and overlooking successes. My advice
to many candidates has been to speak as little as possible and to describe policies in as general a manner as you can get
away with. People aren’t looking through your transcripts to find the next wonderful and positive thing you’ve done, but instead
they try to find your missteps, transgressions, faux pas and failures. Politics is a totally negative process. You live or die by
the sum total of what you’ve done wrong, not on the balance between what you’ve done right and what you’ve done wrong.
In the words of Shakespeare, “the good is oft interred with their bones.”6

Trump has had very limited exposure as a practicing politician and, therefore, has only his own words and phrases to criticize.
While he may have a number of missteps in business or in his personal life, no one cares. And yet, he truly enjoys celebrity
status as no one in politics today does. Also, given how much Trump has said about any number of issues over the past couple
of years, there are probably quotes that can be used on any side of most any issue. But with Hillary, it’s different.

Hillary has done a lot. She’s been involved in politics at a visible level since the Watergate hearings and maybe even earlier.
Her past contains numerous misdeeds and failures as much because she’s done so much and perhaps not so much because
she has been a failure. Yet, a diligent, hard-driving researcher can find a laundry list of her significant misdeeds.

To wit,

e As events have unfolded, her vote in favor of the Iraq War is a clear sign of poor political judgment, especially in her party.

e Her behavior surrounding the attack on the consulate in Benghazi and the failure to respond to four American deaths sure
looks like a case of poor judgment.

e Her use of a private e-mail server while Secretary of State and thus the potential exposure of critical U.S. intelligence to
those who would do us harm again smacks of poor judgement.

e The Clinton Foundation along with its big gifts and extraordinarily large speaking fees surely creates an aura of impropriety,
favoritism and the absence of sound judgement.

e Her involvement in the cover-up of Fast and Furious is transparent bad judgment.

e Her disregard for coal miners and coal companies in her reckless quest to be seen as a defender of the environment is yet
another case of dangerous judgement.

e The IRS scandal: While not directly implicated as a participant in an administration cover-up of the Cincinnati IRS office
headed by Lois Lerner’s misuse of government power, there are definite indications of her gross negligence in the pursuit
of even-handed fairness of the power to tax.

e As | have predicted,’ Obamacare has not only driven considerable premium increases for coverage since 2013, when the
marketplace first opened for enrollment, but has also added significant cost burdens onto health insurance companies,
many of whom are choosing to leave the Obamacare marketplace as costs continue to outpace profits. This has led to
entire states, such as Alaska and Alabama, being left with only one insurer on their respective Obamacare marketplaces,
with 650 counties total being left with just one insurer in 2017.°

e Her personal investments in cattle futures.° In the late 1970s, she turned an initial investment of $1,000 into $100,000 in
just 10 months, despite having no previous investment experience. Her close friend, James Blair, an experienced
commodities trader, advised her to enter the commodities market, but Clinton claimed to have made her own investment
decisions. One academic study published in The Journal of Economics and Finance estimated the likelihood of achieving
a result such as Clinton’s as 1 in 31 trillion.’°

® William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, Act Ill, Scene 2, Line 1620.

’ Arthur B. Laffer and Emily Evans, “Rising Health Care Costs and Premiums: Is the ACA to Blame?” Laffer Associates, July 30, 2015.

8 Anna Wilde Mathews, “Insurance Options Dwindle in Some Rural Regions,” The Wail Street Journal, May 15, 2016. http://on.wsj.com/1sqcTGq
® Caroline Baum and Victor Niederhoffer, ""Herd Instincts: Hillary's Investment Profits,"" National Review. February 20, 1995. pp. 43-44.

10 Seth C. Anderson and John D. Jackson, and Jeffrey W. Steagall, “A note on odds in the cattle futures,” The Journal of Economics and Finance.

©2016 Laffer Associates. All rights reserved.
No portion of this report may be reproduced in any form without prior consent. The information has been compiled from sources we believe to be reliable, but
we do not hold ourselves responsible for its correctness. Opinions are presented without guarantee.

14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025309
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018275.txt,"five. This record appeared to have had little impact on the nation’s dominant global
position; it did little to unnerve a comfortable sense of national destiny.

Much of our current confidence can be measured by the astonishing degree to which
we embrace the scrambling of even the most elemental parts of our lives, from how
we bank to how we drive. Most societies in the past were largely terrified of
disruption. If you had arrived in prosperous 17 century Holland and proposed to
“disrupt agriculture,” or radically change people’s banking habits, you would have
been lynched. Our age is different. Many of the most unsettling forces in our world
are ones we encourage, feed and push along. If I had said to you a decade ago - “I’m
going to record all of your movements so you can spend less time in traffic.” - is that
really a deal you would have accepted? But if you use a GPS mapping system on your
phone, you have. That Orwell's sick prognostication of technocratic life would be
one you'd embrace? That it would describe a desireable feature of network life?
“You had to live - did live, from habit that became instinct - in the assumption that
every sound you made was overheard, and ... every movement scrutinized.”*° If I
had told you we were going to build a world wide high-speed data system that
would, as a side effect, make it simple for children in London to connect with, learn
from and then join terrorists in Syria - would you have thought that wise?

The optimistic bumper sticker of our age - that any disruption is good disruption -
marks a wonderful feature of the American character. It is, perhaps, to be expected
of a nation built by immigrants who overturned their own lives in the hopes of
something better. To pull up and leave home for a land where you did not speak the
language, knew little of the culture, and faced a blank sheet of the future, demanded
faith. You had to believe too: Any disruption is good disruption. But no nation, even
the most heroically hopeful, is immune from the forces of history. Edmund Burke’s
old line, that “every revolution contains within it the seeds of evil,” runs like a
counterpoint through the hopeful music of the age now. America’s remarkable spirit
does not make the demand for a national outlook, for an American grand strategy,
any less real. We’re starting to be aware of just how dangerous this age can really
be. In many ways, our very confidence and sometimes blindly certain feeling of
destiny probably makes it even more essential that we have a sense, as we rest in
Silicon Valley or Iowa or wherever, of where we are going, and why.

The phrase “grand strategy” is one that carries a particular meaning when we think
about problems of global balance. It means the way in which ail of a nation’s
powerful tools of economics, finance, ideology, politics, and other resources can be
used, together, in the service of security and prosperity.5! To get the terms right, we

50 “You had to live”: George Orwell, 1984, Signet Classic Edition (New York: Signet
Press, 1961), 3

51 The phrase: For a good general introduction to the problems of grand strategy
B.H. Liddell Hart, Strategy, (New York: Faber & Faber, 1967); Paul Kennedy, ed.,
Grand Strategies in War and Peace (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991);
Edward N. Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge, Mass:.:
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987); Peter Paret with Gordon A. Craig

43

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018275
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015557.txt,"Edwards adv. Epstein
Telephone interview with Virginia Roberts
Page 2 of 23

JS: | Could you spell your last name for us? That is your married last name:
\ Ee eee""

JS: Alright, thank you, and where are you living right now?

V: I live in Australia.

JS: | And how long have you resided in Australia.

V: This is my 19"" year.

JS: That is where you are right now, correct? We’ve reached you in Australia for this phone
conversation?

V: That is correct, yes.

JS: | And what time is it in Australia right now?
V: I think it’s about 9:00 now.

JS: Ok. That’s 9am, correct?

V: That’s correct.

JS: Alright. Virginia, the reason for this conversation is because it is our understanding that
you know a man by the name Jeffrey Epstein, and I want to begin by asking you please to
tell us about the circumstances of your first meeting Mr. Epstein.

V: Ok. I was introduced to Mr. Epstein by Ghislaine Maxwell. I was working at Donald
Trump’s spa in Mar-a-Lago and I was prompted by Ghislaine to come to Jeffrey’s
mansion in Palm Beach that afternoon after work to make some extra money and to learn
about massage. She met me at the spa, and I was reading a book about anatomy, so I was
already interested in massage therapy as it was and not having any of the education or
you know anything behind me, I thought this was a great opportunity to work for her and
go. So, I went to Jeffrey’s mansion about 5 or 6 in the afternoon. My dad drove me
there. My dad worked at Mar-a-Lago with me, and he met Ghislaine and she seemed like
a nice, proper English lady, and she knows, I mean, you know, one time then _once
before I left to travel overseas, she just seemed really nice and like she would like to help
me out. So my dad left, and I had no problem getting home that night, one of her drivers
would take me back after my trial. So she led me upstairs, and into Jeffrey’s bedroom,
and past that is Jeffrey’s massage room, which has got his steam room and a shower and
a massage table, and there is actually an extra room that has, that nobody knows about it,
it’s kinda like a secret room and it’s got a whole bunch of decorative pictures of
pornographic literature and sex toys andIcan___? _ what happened in there.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015557
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015231.txt,"a dissociative trance as my father drove me to the local National Guard
Armory, where | was prostituted to Ford. He took me into an empty room,
pushed me down on the wooden floor as he unzipped his pants and said,
‘Pray on this.’ Then he brutally, sexually assaulted me. Afterward, my

memory was compartmentalized through use of high voltage. | was then
carried out to the car where | lay in the back seat, muscles contracted,
stunned, in pain, and unable to move.”

And then there was Dick Cheney, President Ford’ s chief of staff.
After Cathy was hunted down and caught in Cheney’ s game of “human
hunting,” she stood naked in his hunting-lodge office as he paced around
and gave her this choice: “I could stuff you and mount you like a
jackalope and call you a two-legged deer. Or | could stuff you with this--he
unzipped his pants to reveal his oversized penis--right down your throat
and then mount you. Which do you prefer?”

Apparently, Cheney’ s oversized penis balanced out Senator Byrd’ s
tiny penis--a tawdry version of Emerson’ s Law of Compensation.

Cathy specialized in political figures (although she was also thrust
upon by country singers such as “CIA operatives” Merle Haggard and
Kris Kristofferson). With unintentional prophetic irony, Cathy described her

1983 meeting with Ronald Reagan, George Bush and Dick Cheney:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015231
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033146.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: 5/20/2019 9:26:52 PM
To: Kathy Ruemm|er i

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-hunter-biden-
china. html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033146
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024052.txt,"The New Leaf team is one of the most experienced and proven teams in this sector. The Fund
Managers’ combination of proven track record, in-depth knowledge of the medical device and
diagnostics fields, a strong current LC. portfolio, and a thought-leading network of LC.
advisors, puts New Leaf in a position of leadership within this sector.

MEDICAL DEVICES INVESTMENT STRATEGY

NLV-III’s investment strategy in medical devices will focus on identifying a limited number of
investment opportunities in companies with compelling later stage risk profiles. The Fund will
seek to identify investments in companies that are developing innovative and differentiated
medical devices, targeting large market opportunities, that offer the potential to meaningfully
reduce overall patient treatment costs in high morbidity disease settings through substantial
efficacy and safety benefits versus existing standards of care. Investments in this sector will
have established regulatory approval pathways and clear regulatory precedents, or are already
at the commercial stage at the time of initial investment. The objective will be to identify
companies that because of their specific therapeutic area or technology focus, or because the
company already has received key regulatory approvals, that they will be less affected by the
headwinds that are challenging the sector more broadly. Importantly, these investments will be
in therapeutic areas that are known to be of high strategic interest to a number of larger medical
device companies, and thus have a high potential of generating M&A interest. The primary
risks in these investments will be mostly operational execution, competition, and other market
related risks.

Similar to the second half of the investment period for NLV-I, the Fund will have a more
limited focus on medical device investments in NLV-II] compared to previous funds. The
slower projected pace of investment is based on the view that the operating and exit
environment for companies in this sector will continue to be challenging due to increased
regulatory and reimbursement uncertainty in the U.S. and E.U. These headwinds have resulted
in increased development costs and significantly lengthened timelines for most development
stage companies.

While the Fund Managers expect to see fewer compelling investment opportunities than have
been available historically in the medical device sector, they do believe that they will be able to
identify and source a number of later stage opportunities that are less affected by these
obstacles, and that these will be attractive investment opportunities for NLV-III. One factor that
supports this view is that the reduced level of competition for deals resulting from the decline
in the number of active venture capital firms mentioned previously is even more pronounced in
the medical device sector. Given New Leaf’s historic leadership within this sector, and its clear
commitment to remain active during this period of reduced funding, the Fund Managers expect
that they will have excellent deal flow. Although the number of deals in this sector is likely to
be somewhat lower than in previous funds, with the later stage focus, it is likely that the size of
investments in this sector will be larger. Recent medical device investments in the New Leaf
portfolio that fit this later stage definition include: Neuronetics (NLV-II, commercial stage),
CardioKinetix (NLV-IL, clinical development stage), and Interlace Medical (NLV-I, start-up
focused on 510k product, acquired by Hologix, exited at 8.6x).

41 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024052
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017620.txt,"Page 17 of 31
104 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 59, *82

Senator Kyl further commented that he had discussed the CVRA's potential application in grand jury proceedings, an
application that required the Act [*83] to extend rights before indictment. !4+ Thus, if anything, the legislative history does
not support OLC's conclusion - it contradicts it. 13°
OLC should have had no doubt as to the intent of Senator Kyl and his cosponsors at the time of the Act's passage. Shortly after
shepherding the CVRA through the Congress, Senator Kyl cowrote a law review article about the Act. '° In that article, he
directly indicated that the CVRA applies before charges are filed. Senator Kyl and his coauthors wrote:

While most of the rights guaranteed by the CVRA apply in the context of legal proceedings following arrest and charging, other
important rights are triggered by the harm inflicted by the crime itself. For example, the right to be treated with fairness, the
right to be reasonably protected from the accused (who may qualify as the accused before his arrest), and the right to be treated
with respect for the victim's dignity and privacy each may arise without regard to the existence of legal proceedings. !37
Remarkably, OLC cited Senator Kyl's law review article (in a footnote), but then concluded without explanation that the
CVRA cosponsor's views were for some reason different than Congress's. !78

OLC also appears to acknowledge that its interpretation of the CVRA could well contradict what it describes as prosecutorial
""good practice."" ‘3? OLC noted that some Justice Department components (for example, the Environmental and Natural
Resources Division) had advocated that the right to confer should apply during pre-charging plea discussions. '4° OLC then
acknowledged that limiting the right to confer until after formal charging could ""reduce the impact of a victim's participation in
subsequent court proceedings."" !+! OLC attempted to dodge this problem by explaining: ""The question before us, though, is
not whether it would be advisable as a matter of good practice ... for Government attorneys to confer with victims pre-charge
when appropriate ... ."". '4? OLC then explained that even under its narrow interpretation of the statute, ""the CVRA would still
ensure that [*84] the victim has an opportunity to be heard by the court, and by the Government, before the court accepts the
plea."" 143

But OLC failed to recognize that its interpretation of the CVRA rendered the right to be heard a nullity in many important cases
- including, notably, the Epstein case. !44 Where prosecutors and defense attorneys work out a nonprosecution agreement that
agreement will never be presented to a court for review. Thus, in cases where the need for victim participation may be the
greatest - that is, in cases where the Government is considering never filing any charges - OLC's interpretation would bar
victims from having any rights at all.

Even in situations where a prosecutor works out a plea agreement, OLC's interpretation is problematic. As OLC recognizes,
prosecutors and defense counsel commonly work out pre-indictment plea agreements (particularly in white-collar cases), under

134 Tq,

135 Attorney General Holder never sent a response to Senator Kyl's letter. But Assistant Attorney General Ronald Weich sent a belated
response. Letter from Ronald Weich, Assistant Att'y Gen., to Jon Kyl, U.S. Sen. (Nov. 3, 2011) (on file with authors). That response did not
address Senator Kyl's concern that his remarks were being quoted out of context.

36 See generally Kyl et al., supra note 19.
37 Td. at 594.

38 OLC CVRA Rights Memo, supra note 2, at 8 n.7.

39 Td. at 10.

40 Td. at 9 (citations omitted) (discussing an interdepartmental memorandum addressing this question).
4! Td, at 10.

#2 Id.

43 Id.

44 The OLC opinion was publicly released on May 20, 2011. Perhaps not coincidentally, this release date was shortly before the Government
filed its response in the Epstein case.

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017620
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024771.txt,"ACKRELL
CAPITAL CHAPTER VI|_ Capital Markets for Cannabis Companies
In addition, an increasing number of direct lenders are participating in the private debt markets
for cannabis-related companies. These lenders represent an important capital source for the industry,
as typical forms of debt capital, such as bank financing, remain unavailable to most companies. As in
other industries, debt financing is typically available only to those companies having meaningful cash
flow or tangible assets to secure the debt. While the number of lenders is increasing, there is still a
relative scarcity of debt capital available to the cannabis industry, which can lead to a higher debt cost
of capital of 200-500 basis points or more for cannabis-related companies, as compared to companies

in other industries.

The following chart illustrates the type of debt that may be available to cannabis-related companies,
representative terms of such debt, and the types of companies that may be able to access debt in the
private markets.

Debt Financing Alternatives for Cannabis-Related Companies

Cost of Capital

Senior Low Double Digits Type of : Type of

Securitization Borrowers:

(if secured): \ Cultivators

Lease Land ( Extractors
Financing Buildings Dispensaries

Mid-teens Equipment j Product Manufacturers
AIR
Inventory

Convertible
Debt

Less Restrictive

= Final Thoughts

As stated previously, valuations and stock price fluctuations in the cannabis industry continue to be
driven more by expectations for the cannabis industry in general than by individual company funda-
mentals. Today, in the public markets, trading volumes are too low, trading prices are too volatile and
operating histories are too limited to place any reliance on current valuation levels in the cannabis
industry. We believe that this dynamic will continue until cannabis-related companies have matured
and start to realize meaningful revenue, profitability and other financial metrics that will allow inves-
tors to evaluate companies within the industry by more traditional methodology.

It is still too early to know how the cannabis industry or its sectors will be valued in the future. It
may come to pass that companies in the cannabis industry are valued comparably to public companies
in industries with similar characteristics, such as the alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceutical and consumer

© 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC 135

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024771
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027631.txt,"Is Invitation: No

GUID: O816AD17-45F4-479D-A822-03247C994FB

|

Message: Cool-- my CNBC hit is @ 1130

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/19 03:29:44 AM (575548184)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

r
oe)
ke

GUID: BEFF1C87-406C-49BD-A53C-4B6F26C05E

Message: What time wheels up ?

Time: 03/29/19 03:56:54 AM (575549814)
Flags: 1126401
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 82821E45-45A2-4206-BF3A-0E934D348D88

Message: 1 pm

Time: 03/29/19 03:57:23 AM (575549843)
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 38CB4A46-2D65-4FFB-B/21-E8404F465F0F

Message: I'm done @ noon

Sender: Po

Time: 03/29/19 04:05:31 AM (575550331)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 45DFF9CB-03F9-405A-94D8-C52F89272B66

Message: Did u see CNBC

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/19 04:43:57 AM (575552637)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7906B91F-2441-4C76-8DE9-AF2086F962D

Ez

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027631
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021563.txt,"You must keep your contact information current (see
Common Questions number 8). If an agency is
unable to contact you due to outdated contact
information, you will be removed from the
notification program.

2. What if I forget my PIN?

Each VNS notification will re-state your VIN & PIN.
If you do not have this correspondence, please contact
the agency (FBI/USPIS/U:S. Attorney’s Office)
involved with your case.

3. What if I am not at home or my
phone is busy when VNS calls?

In this instance, the Call Center will continue calling
you every 30 minutes. If the call is answered, but is
not confirmed with your PIN number, VNS will
continue to call every two (2) hours.

4. How do I access the VNS
Internet site?

A. Enter http://www.Notify.USDOJ.Gov in
your Web browser.

B. Ifyou are a new user, click “First time users
click here”.

(1) Enter your VIN.

(2) Enter your PIN.

(3) Complete the remaining information as
requested on the Web site to include
creating a new VNS Login ID.

Your VNS Login ID must be used in

conjunction with your VIN during any

subsequent access of the VNS Web site.

HOUSE_ OVERSIGHT 021 563

"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019244.txt,"BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians

Chapter 1

Validating Autocracy through the Ballot

A major difference between modern authoritarian
systems and traditional dictatorships lies in the role of
elections for parliament and head of state.

Twentieth-century dictatorships often dispensed with
elections entirely or conducted them under blatantly
fraudulent conditions. In the Soviet bloc, elections
were a pointless ritual in which citizens were pres-
sured to go to a polling place and cast ballots for the
Communist Party candidate, the only one permitted to
compete. Military and postcolonial dictatorships often
canceled elections on spurious “national emergency""
grounds, or rigged the outcome through crude bal-
lot-stuffing and open intimidation.

At acertain point in the 1980s, however, the strong-
men, juntas, and revolutionary councils of the era
realized that reasonably fair elections could no longer
be avoided. Sometimes a ruling group understood
that this would likely lead to an opposition victory. But
usually, the incumbent leaders—and often foreign
journalists and diplomats—presumed that voters in
repressive settings preferred stability to uncertainty
and would opt for the reassuring faces of authority.

These calculations proved wildly misplaced. Opposi-
tion parties swept to victory in country after coun-
try—in Uruguay, Argentina, Nicaragua, South Korea,
the Philippines, Poland. The word “stunning” made

a frequent appearance in news accounts, as in the
stunning rejection of the ruling party in Poland, or the
stunning setback suffered by Chile's Augusto Pinochet
in a referendum on the continuation of his dicta-
torship. Or, perhaps most astonishing, the stunning
defeat of Communist Party stalwarts in a number of
Soviet cities in 1990 local elections.*

Elections became a key force behind the wave of de-
mocratization that engulfed much of the world during
that decade. Today, the obligation to hold some form of
multiparty balloting is felt by nearly all governments.

The illusion of pluralism

Yet just as with other democratic institutions, modern
authoritarians have mastered the techniques of con-
trol over the electoral process, maintaining political
dominance behind a screen of false diversity.

They have adapted in many ways to the age of the inter-

“We're not perfect. But we do have
democracy.”

—Hugo Chavez

“Yes, we falsified the last election...

In fact, 93.5 percent [of ballots were]
for President Lukashenka. People
say this is not a European result, so
we changed it to 86 percent.”

—Alyaksandr Lukashenka

net and the expectations of a better-informed public. In
the most sophisticated authoritarian states, profes-
sional political operatives—in Russia they are called
“oolitical technologists’—work just as hard as their
counterparts in the United States. Their goal, however,
is not to defeat opposition candidates in a competitive
setting, but rather to organize a system that creates the
illusion of competition while squelching it in reality.

In most countries, elections are largely “free and fair,""
meaning the playing field is reasonably level, there is an
honest tabulation of the ballots, vote buying and ballot
stuffing do not change the outcome, and independent
election observers are allowed to monitor the proceed-
ings. For 2015, Freedom in the World placed the num-
ber of electoral democracies at 125, around 64 percent
of the world’s sovereign states.? By historical standards,
this is an impressive figure. Still, there are 70 countries
that do not qualify as electoral democracies. In all but
a few of these settings, elections are indeed held, but
they are either badly flawed or patently dishonest.

Yet even in systems where elections are tainted or fixed
outright, authoritarian leaders often claim legitimacy
from the ballot box. Of the countries assessed in this
study, only China rejects elections as part of the leader-
ships strategy for political control. In Russia, Turkey, Ven-
ezuela, and elsewhere, the leadership invokes victory at
the polls as a mandate for government, including the
adoption of policies that are in fact deeply unpopular.

In some authoritarian states, elections are neither free
nor fair, with heavy manipulation that directly ensures

10

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019244
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013209.txt,"16.3 Elements of Preschool Curriculum 293

ble was assembled via surveying the curricula from a number of currently existing preschools
employing different methodologies both based on formal academic cognitive theories [Sch07]
and more pragmatic approaches, such as: Montessori [Mon12], Waldorf [SSO3b], Brain Gym
(www. braingym.org) and Core Knowledge (www.coreknowledge.org).

Type of Capability Specific Skills to be Evaluated
Story Understand-
ing

Understanding narrative sequence
Understanding character development
Dramatize a story

Predict what comes next in a story

Linguistic
e@ Give simple descriptions of events
Describe similarities and differences

e Describe objects and their functions

Linguistic / Spatial-|Interpreting pictures
Visual

Linguistic / Social

Asking questions appropriately
Answering questions appropriately
Talk about own discoveries
Initiate conversations

Settle disagreements

Verbally express empathy

Ask for help

Follow directions

Linguistic / Scien-

tific e@ Provide possible explanations for events or phenomena

Carefully describe observations

e Draw conclusions from observations

Table 16.1: Categories of Preschool Curriculum, Part 1

16.3.1 Preschool in the Light of Intelligence Theory

Comparing Table 16.1 to Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences (MI) framework briefly reviewed in
Chapter 2, the high degree of harmony is obvious, and is borne out by more detailed analysis.
Preschool curriculum as standardly practiced is very well attuned to MI, and naturally covers
all the bases that Gardner identifies as important. And this is not at all surprising since one of
Gardner’s key motivations in articulating MI theory was the pragmatics of educating humans
with diverse strengths and weaknesses.

Regarding intelligence as “the ability to achieve complex goals in complex environments,” it
is apparent that preschools are specifically designed to pack a large variety of different micro-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013209
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031121.txt,"﻿From: us.gio@jpmorgan.com
To: Undisclosed recipients:;; 
Subject: JPM View 01/11/2013
Sent: 1/11/2013 11:38:48 PM
Attachments: JPM_The J.P. Morgan View_2013-01-11_1025113.pdf

 

 



Global Asset Allocation 

________________________________

The J.P. Morgan View: Go East.

 

Click here <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABYQPQ/AQ/16gv>  for the full Note and disclaimers.

 

*         Asset allocation –– The growth gap between East and West is widening, and has allowed us to join the Obama Pivot towards Asia. We stay long Japan and EM Asia in equities on stronger signs of an economic rebound in the East, while we again cut growth numbers for the US and Europe. 

*         Economics –– Weaker activity data force us to lower Q4 for the US from 1.5% to 0.8% and the Euro area from -1.5% to -1.8%. But strong trade and industrial data in Asia, as well as more fiscal easing in Japan, have induced us to raise Japanese growth for the 3rd time in a row, and to signal upside risk on China. 

*         Fixed Income –– Go long duration in the US as we see yields mean reverting and we are not quite high in the 6-month range. 

*         Equities –– Strong retail buying is adding fuel to equity markets. 

*         Credit –– Idiosyncrasies driving relative performance signals a welcome move-away from the one-factor-drives-all world of late. 

*         Currencies –– Staying short JPY. Be also short USD but against AUD, RUB and KRW. 

*         Commodities –– Our main trades are long industrial metals, US natural gas, and Brent time spreads vs. short agriculture. 

*         Another good week for risk markets with equities and credit rallying further, but this week without a selloff in bonds. Much of the rally in equities is likely the aftermath of the last minute escape from Fiscal Cliff 1 on December 31. But since then, we have also seen a sudden surge in equity fund inflows, which seem incongruous with lukewarm incoming data and thus may well come from investors who missed last year's stock market rally. In 2012, fund investors poured $680bn into bond mutual funds and ETFs, while taking some $23bn out of equity funds. 

*         Given the recent vintage of these equity fund inflows, they are unlikely to reverse quickly as there is not a lot of profit on them yet. Near-term momentum thus remains good for stocks, in our view. At the same time, the more bullish sentiment on stocks is now sending a contrarian signal. Last year, we based much of our long equity recommendation on our impression that most market participants saw more downside risk across the globe than we thought would become realized. This does not appear to be the case anymore, as the main remaining market concern is only about Fiscal Cliff 2. No more talk of Chinese hard landing or a Greek exit. Hence, the case for being long risk assets is more value based, rather than the reversal in risk perceptions which we think has largely happened by now. We would therefore describe our remaining longs in equities and credit as modest and medium term. 

*	 

*         We could again be induced to move our equity overweight to an “aggressive” level, if there were to be reason to raise growth and earnings projections. All we have so far is improved forward looking indicators – largely PMIs and positive feedback from asset markets – that are signaling a pickup in growth this quarter. But so far, this is simply confirming our and consensus views on how the year is set to start. They are not allowing us yet to upgrade our global growth expectations (Chart on right). 

*         More ominously, the continued strong rallies in risk markets to new highs for the cycle are hiding the fact that recent hard data on Q4 activity have again forced us to lower our estimate of Q4 global GDP growth, now to 1.7%, largely due to the US and Europe. The average global growth pace of the past 3 months has fallen to only 1.8%, barely more than half of trend. The expectation remains that Q1 should come in at 2.4% as both Japan and the Euro area exit recession. 

*         While staying overall long risk markets, both credit and equities at the moment, we have increasingly focused on tactical cross-market exposures, and in particular the underweight of US equities. In GMOS this week, we took profit on the overweight of Euro area equities against the US given the still very weak economy, with Q4 likely now the biggest GDP decline since the end of the global recession (We do stay overweight Euro periphery bond). But we remain aggressively overweight both Japan and EM Asia versus the US, with Japan currency hedged. The upside surprise on Chinese CPI today dented its equity market somewhat, but we think this will be temporary as it should not yet lead to monetary tightening. The recent set of strong trade and industrial data from China and the region are signaling to us significant upside risk on Q1 and 2013 growth projections. 

*         We have been long Japanese equities since Nov 16, which more by luck than skill defined the beginning of its equity rally. Topix is up 20% since then, almost straight line. We believe new PM Abe conviction and political power to reflate the economy are real. It has already helped the yen lose 10% versus the dollar. Given this move, faster fiscal easing and support from equities, we have raised our 2013 growth forecast for a 3rd time, this time to 0.8%. We stay long the Japanese reflation trade. 

Fixed Income 

*         Bonds recovered some of their losses from last week, but remain down on the year. We do not see the current surge in equities as a negative for bonds, yet, as equity inflows are not coming out of bond funds, and growth remains too weak to elicit an early end to QE. With USTs very much at the top of their 6-month trading range, we go tactically long duration, but would take profit soon on a decent rally. In the Euro are, in contrast, the continued flow into the periphery should remain negative for Bund and euro swaps. We retain a bearish bias here. 

Equities 

*         Equities are up again this week, helped by rapidly improving equity ETF inflows. Strong buying by retail investors is adding fuel to equity markets against a backdrop of rather subdued macro drivers, maintaining a positive-near term momentum. The reporting season is also helping with US companies beating so far by 2% the bottom up analysts’ estimates at the beginning of the year. 

*         Our recommended equity portfolio focuses on regional and sectoral exposures. Underweighting US equities remains our main regional theme. This trade also protects our portfolio against looming debt ceiling risks. US equities had been the consensus overweight by equity investors for two years and their outperformance started reversing over the summer. US equities have so far erased their 2012 outperformance but are far from erasing their 2011 outperformance. 

*         We focus the US equity underweight against EM Asia and Japan. In GMOS this week, we took profit on our overweight in MSCI EMU versus S&P500 given looming Italian election risks into February, and still disappointing European economic activity data. We stay overweight in Topix vs. S&P500 currency hedged. Fiscal easing, financed via debt monetization, and coupled with structural reforms has the potential to sustain this trade beyond a 3-6 month horizon, in our view. This week’s fiscal stimulus announced by the Japanese gov’t appears supportive of the Japanese trade. 

*         Across sectors we favor Cyclical vs. Defensive sectors but have taken part profit as the pace of the improvement in the global manufacturing PMI slowed in December. We stay overweight the DJ US Home Construction Index and large mortgage banks (BKX Index) vs. the S&P500 to position for a continued recovery in US housing. 

Credit 

*         High-grade spreads and yields were a few bps tighter this week, although US and European high-yield continued to rally strongly. Double-digit spread tightening sent both to new all-time yield lows; now just 5.9% in the US and 6.5% in Europe. The clear outlier this week was EMBIG, the ill health of the Venezuelan president and a NY court ruling in favor of hold-out creditors in Argentina’s ‘pari passu’ saga helped push spreads up 12bp. We believe such idiosyncrasies driving relative performance signals an uncharacteristic break-down in spread correlations and a welcome move-away from the one-factor-drives-all world of late. 

*         The strength of equity flows has caught our attention this week, but there is little evidence of a wider rotation out of bonds. There has indeed been some evidence of bond into equity fund flows in ETFs (best seen through our flow radars in Flows & Liquidity), but bond mutual funds continue to see inflows, which accelerated this week. Also, our client survey reports on-going demand for credit and new issues remain well bid (see CMOS and F&L for more details). 

Foreign Exchange 

*         2013 has started with bubbling optimism across global markets. Equities are approaching five-year highs and credit spreads their five-year lows, while government bonds are selling off worldwide and inflation breakevens behave (outside the UK). And per the traditional pattern, the dollar is falling versus most currencies, except those which entered 2013 with enormous liabilities – the yen given Japan’s full-throated commitment to looser monetary and fiscal policy, and the rand on sovereign credit and balance of payment concerns. EUR/USD has spiked since Thursday’s ECB meeting but is underperforming much of the commodity complex (MXN, CLP, AUD, NZD) year-to-date, highlighting that China's data surprises this week count for as much as a less-worried ECB. 

*         These country-specific issues are more powerful than systemic ones for the moment, which is likely why correlations across dollar-based pairs have sunk to three-year lows. The yen story still looks to us the most unique – USD/JPY is the only major asset globally where vols are up this year – and the one with broader consequences for neighbors (through EM Asian intervention policy). Hence, this week's focus in our FX Markets Weekly on two other dimensions of the bearish yen view: what is the currency worth if the BoJ successfully delivers 2% inflation, and how broad is the yen short. 

*         To those who believe in purchasing power parity (and we are not amongst them), USD/JPY could move to 100 on a credible BoJ. Realizing these extreme targets requires Japanese participation in this yen move, since international investors could reach their risk limits on yen shorts. So far domestics look fairly unconvinced. Japan has been posting net capital outflows (foreign purchases of JGBs minus Japanese purchases of foreign bonds) since mid-2011, but the pace of those outflows has not increased since then-candidate Shinzo Abe began calling for much looser monetary policy. Stay short yen on the possibility that locals join the move, but rotate exposure. Book gains on a KRW/JPY one-touch, a USD/JPY seagull and CHF/JPY cash. Stay long NOK/JPY and re-enter EUR/JPY (both in cash). Stay short USD vs a basket of AUD, RUB and KRW. 

Commodities 

*         Commodities are up around 1% this week, with all sectors gaining ground. In Wednesday’s GMOS, we retained all our previous positions. Our main trades are long Brent time spreads (long front vs. third futures contract), long industrial metals, long US natural gas and short agriculture. Production losses in the North Sea should support our Brent trade, while the current economic rebound in China should push industrial metals higher. US Natural gas should benefit from the ongoing switch from coal to gas for power generation and 2013 should see the first slowdown in production since the boom began five years ago. 

*         The GSCI agriculture index has already reversed around 80% of its rise in summer 2012 as farmers have planted a much larger area, which means a higher likelihood of much higher future supply. We stay short for now as we think this downtrend has further to go. We are also long gasoil vs. Brent. Global inventories are very low and demand from Asia is picking up, consistent with the economic data, which we expect to improve further over the coming months. An expected cold snap should also help push demand higher through January 

*         We took profit on our long position in gold last Friday and year-to-date gold is down around 1%. We believe many investors had bought gold over the past few years to hedge against the risk of “QE unlimited.” The recent FOMC minutes, however, have since raised the risk of an early end to QE, reducing to need to hedge through gold. The risk is thus that a number of market participants will reduce their gold hedges, pushing gold prices down further. We still like gold as a hedge against long-term inflation risks once global growth returns to trend and we would look to reopen the position at around $1,550/oz.. 


Jan Loeys <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABQygw/AQ/NO6w>  
(1-212) 834-5874 
jan.loeys@jpmorgan.com <mailto:jan.loeys@jpmorgan.com>  

John Normand <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABRcsg/AQ/ubtX>  
(44-20) 7134-1816 
john.normand@jpmorgan.com <mailto:john.normand@jpmorgan.com>  

Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABRcsw/AQ/bEC9>  
(44-20) 7134-7815 
nikolaos.panigirtzoglou@jpmorgan.com <mailto:nikolaos.panigirtzoglou@jpmorgan.com>  

Seamus Mac Gorain <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABRctA/AQ/yXTe>  
(44-20) 7134-7761 
seamus.macgorain@jpmorgan.com <mailto:seamus.macgorain@jpmorgan.com>  

Matthew Lehmann <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABRctQ/AQ/n6n2>  
(44-20) 7134-7813 
matthew.m.lehmann@jpmorgan.com <mailto:matthew.m.lehmann@jpmorgan.com>  

Leo Evans <http://emaillink.jpmorgan.com/t/AQ/AAGO5g/AAMcAQ/OFFmSw/EGA/ABRctg/AQ/6D8N>  
(44-20) 7742-2537 
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"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032690.txt,"From: Weingarten, Reid 
Sent: 1/3/2018 7:01:08 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Does he have a lawyer? Is he dealing with mueller? 
Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone. 
From: Jeffrey E. 
Sent: Wednesday, January 3, 2018 1:53 PM 
To: Weingarten, Reid 
Subject: Re: 
told you 
On Wed, Jan 3, 2018 at 1:11 PM, Weingarten, Reid < wrote: 
Internet is crashing right now about this....trump apparently off his rocker 
From: Jeffrey E. [mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, January 03, 2018 1:05 PM 
To: Weingarten, Reid 
Subject: 
http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/michael-wolff-fire-and-fury-book-donald-trump.html 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032690 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032691 
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026166.txt,"im back tues i thinkg

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026166
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029937.txt,"Article 2.

The Daily Beast

5 Lessons of the DSK Affair

Bernard-Henri Lévy

July 2, 2011 -- The Strauss-Kahn affair is not over.

For it to be over, the American system of justice must pursue its
investigation and work to the very end.

If it’s truly to be over, Dominique Strauss-Kahn must be granted not
only his freedom, but—even more importantly—trestoration of his
honor.

In other words, “the Strauss-Kahn affair” will continue to be regarded
as such as long as it hasn’t been clearly established that there never
was any affair at all—and that the plaintiff, not content to have lied
about this or that aspect of her past, also lied in accusing the former
head of the IMF of having raped her.

And yet, given recent revelations, we can already draw a few lessons
from what will ultimately—no doubt very soon—be known as the
Strauss-Kahn non-affair.

1. The cannibalisation of Justice by the Sideshow.

This cannibalisation is not exclusively an American phenomenon, of
course, and we have witnessed myriad examples of it in Europe and
France. But it must be said that, with this affair, it has reached the
heights of obscenity. The improvised press conference by the
woman’s lawyer on the steps of a courthouse normally dedicated to
the sober discernment of the truth was obscene. The “shame on
you’s” that greeted Dominique Strauss-Kahn as he arrived for the
hearing on June 6th, shouted by battalions of hotel chambermaids
who knew nothing of the actual case and whose protest had been
orchestrated and scripted, were obscene. And so, too, though in
another manner, was the famous “perp walk” which, I’m aware, is the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029937
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032848.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 1/21/2016 2:22:20 AM 
To: Michael Wolff 
Subject: Re: Fw: Meet? 
Importance: High 
Yup 
On Wednesday, 20 January 2016, Michael Wolff_______________________________wrote: 
ABC doesn't really have an ""investigative unit"" so unless you want to hand it to them they won't pursue, so 
ignore. But, nevertheless, the more Trump looks real, or perish the thought, inevitable, the more reporters are 
going to focus on this, so, as you will not be surprised, you need a strategy. 
On Wednesday, January 20, 2016, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Forwarded message 
From: Martin G. Weinberg 
Date: Wed, Jan 20, 2016 at 7:18 PM 
Subject: Fw: Meet? 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com, 
From: Mosk, Matthew 
Sent: Wednesday, January 20, 2016 6:08 PM 
To: 
Subject: Meet? 
Mr. Weinberg — 
I am a reporter with the ABC News investigative unit. We are gathering background research on the major 
candidates for President. 
Seeing that both former President Clinton and Mr. Trump have been mentioned in connection to the Jeffrey 
Epstein case, I am interested in better understanding the case, it's current status, and any information that 
could help explain Mr. Epstein's dealings and interactions with both men. 
I would very much appreciate the chance to meet and discuss this subject in an off the record conversation 
at your earliest convenience. 
Please let me know if that would be possible, and if so, when and where we could meet. 
Many thanks, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032848 
Matthew 
Matthew Mask 
Producer, ABC News 
Work 
Mobile: 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032849 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019250.txt,"BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians

Furthermore, because the population now has greater
access to foreign sources of news and entertain-
ment, regimes must grapple with the complex task of
monopolizing the political discourse in ways that are
far more convincing and compelling than the robotic
pronouncements that played such a crucial part in
communism's loss of credibility.

As is the case with so much of modern authoritarian
practice, Russia has taken the lead in developing strat-
egies and methods of media domination. The system
built under Vladimir Putin is defined by the following
characteristics:

1. Control over the commanding heights of the
media: Among Putin's first goals as president
was securing domination of the most influential
media—the national television stations. They
had been controlled by various oligarchs, who
used the outlets to promote their personal and
political interests. While the resulting journalism
was hardly objective and independent, Russian
television and Russian media generally were no-
table for their liveliness and diversity during the
presidency of Boris Yeltsin. All did not sing out
of the same hymnal, and most influential outlets
reflected a variety of opinions about government
policies, including the Kremlin's conduct of the
war in Chechnya.

Putin moved quickly to change these conditions.
He reorganized and exerted tighter political con-
trol over state-owned television stations, brought
others under indirect state control, and ensured
that most of the remainder fell into the hands

of loyal businessmen. Likewise, a number of the
countn/’s leading newspapers and journals were
bought by cronies of the leadership. The era of
media diversity came to an abrupt end.’

2. Distortion of coverage on sensitive topics: Un-
like in communist times, the media do provide
independent coverage of topics that the Kremlin
considers less politically relevant. However,
some normally apolitical topics can take ona
highly political meaning. For example, coverage
of the penalties meted out to Russian Olympic
athletes for systematic doping reflected the
leadership's position that the scandal was a
product of American machinations.’

3. Shrinking gap between offline and online me-
dia: For much of Putin's tenure, the internet

remained lightly regulated in comparison with
the Kremlin's tight control over television and
other mass media. However, Freedom House
has noted growing restrictions over the past
several years, with a series of new laws, prosecu-
tions, and ownership changes that have reduced
the Russian internet's freedom and diversity in
practice.’

. Asmall stable of independent outlets: A token

number of media outlets are allowed to remain
independent at the sufferance of the Kremlin.
These include the newspaper Novaya Gazeta,
the indirectly state-owned radio station Ekho
Moskvy, and a handful of internet-based news
services, some of which are forced to operate
from neighboring countries. Coerced owner-
ship changes and other forms of pressure have
gradually reduced the already tiny independent
media sector in recent years. And the remaining
independent outlets have little reach, small audi-
ences, and at best modest impact on domestic
politics.

. The ‘weaponization’ of information: While Putin

has used the press as a propaganda instrument
throughout his political career, it was after his
third term as president began in 2012 that the
media were given a special, central role in de-
monizing Putin's critics, preparing the Russian
people for armed conflict in Ukraine and else-
where, depicting Europe as morally corrupt, and
attributing Russia's problems and setbacks to
the United States.* With the invasion of Ukraine
in 2014, the world awakened to the return of
propaganda as an instrument of warfare. This is
not just normal political spin or public diploma-
cy, but sheer, raw propaganda that celiberately
crosses the line between interpretation of facts
and outright mendacity. The aim is both to stir
up belligerence at home and to isolate, confuse,
and demoralize the enemy.°

. The centralization of information policy: The

creation in 2013 of Rossiya Segodnya, an umbrel-
la organization for Moscow's foreign news ser-
vices, signaled the leadership's intention to use
information in a more strategic way to advance
the country’s international objectives. Dmitry
Kiselyov, a controversial television presenter,
was named to head the new entity.® He actually
embraces his identity as the Kremlin's chief
propagandist, arguing that “Western” concepts

16

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019250
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026449.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 7/25/2017 10:03:41 PM 
To: Boris Nikolic 
had emailed me a couple of times. over the past 2 months. after I sent her that note she said she had little 
money, couldnt afford air condintioner. was living on a friends couch. really needed money. !!!!! ' I sent 
her some"" , your friend bill is nuts. his former girl. cant afford air con„ cant affrod to travel to bridge 
, she said that sharon osborne used to arrange. . the lawyer helped her with papers. so she is ok, but 
broke. . that story would take trump off the front pages The richest man in the world is so cheap , his 
former bridge girl and toy , lives on a friends sofa. . WOWO 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026449 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031135.txt,"From: Faith Kates 
Sent: 6/24/2016 10:34:22 AM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Where are you? Not answering your cell 
what the f... Does going to open lk down not good... Trump is saying its a great thing really??? 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031135 
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026172.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026172
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029923.txt,"From:

Sent: 1/20/2014 4:26:13 PM
To: jeff epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re: Happy bertday

Importance: — High

Hah! I completely forgot he always had that complex as a kid. Now its cool to be a mixed breed.

Trump has a gd pool. Swimming laps now 5/6 days/wk. Staying in good shape.

Why don't you do a boxing/workout session with philip sometime at mendez gym in mid town. He's into boxing
with the spics.

Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2014 12:20:45 -0400

To:

Subject: Re: Happy bertday

The black part?

On Monday, January 20, 2014, wrote:

I know. When warren goes, a part of us goes too. No BS in that.
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2014 12:12:29 -0400

To re
Subject: Re: Happy bertday

Tough

On Monday, January 20, 2014, eG wrote:
Jeff: have a great day on the island (or PB?). Getting to together with Dr Frog tonight.
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T

BS DIS DIC 2k DIS ik 24S BIS DIS 54S iS DIS IC 24S BIS DIR 2S 2k DIS IC 24K BIS DIS DIC DC DIS IC 24S BIC DIS 2S DC DIS IC DIC IS DIS FIC Dk DIC iC DIC IS OIC 51S Df OIC 2k OIC DS OIC IC 24 OIC 2k OIC i 2k ic

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029923
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033152.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: 6/8/2019 11:53:57 PM
To: Kathy Ruemmler

https://news. yahoo.com/confronted-with-multiple-errors-in-his-new-trump-book-a-testy-michael-wolff-says-

you-have-to-trust-me-181252406.html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033152
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015225.txt,"At breakfast the next morning, | was just about to apologize to the
kindly Christian woman whose home this was, explaining that a doctor had
recommended marijuana for my arthritis, but she apologized to me
because she hadn’ t told me in advance that smoking wasn’ t allowed.

“Some people are allergic to cigarette smoke,” she explained, and |
almost blurted out, “That wasn’ t tobacco, that was pot.”

| hope she doesn’ t read this.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015225
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020669.txt,"Cher Ami was the name given to a pigeon that saved 200 soldiers during WWI. The poor bird was shot multiple times

and lost an eye and a leg but still managed to deliver a message from the trapped battalion.

#4 ‘Behind Closed Doors’

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020669
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024046.txt,"Therapeutics (Sprout IX, formerly NASDAQ: RNAI, exited through sale to Merck, 8.1x
multiple).

e Structured Investments in Public Companies: The Fund Managers have led and
participated in a number of structured investments into small cap public companies.
These have included Array Pharmaceuticals (NLV-II, NASDAQ: ARRY; led a structured
follow-on investment, NLV team member joined the board, exited at 2.25x), Acadia
Pharmaceuticals (NLV-II, NASDAQ: ACAD, exited at 2.5x) and _ Intercept
Pharmaceuticals (NLV-II, NASDAQ: ICPT; anchored company’s IPO, NLV team
member initially joined the company’s board, exited at 3.2x).

For a complete list of investments made by the Fund Managers in healthcare technology
companies see Appendix 1.

Favorable conditions for biopharmaceutical investments for NLV-III

The Fund Managers believe that NLV-III will be invested in a market with attractive conditions
for investment in the biopharmaceutical sector. As a result, the Fund should have the
opportunity to invest in compelling biopharmaceutical opportunities that have attractive risk-
return profiles. A number of factors support this positive view of the investment thesis in the
biopharmaceuticals sector.

First, the Fund will invest in a portfolio of biopharmaceutical companies with an emphasis on
those that are developing targeted therapeutic opportunities that address mechanisms of
disease at the molecular level with high specificity and offer meaningful efficacy and safety
benefits to specific sub-groups of patients. Where possible, the Fund will look to invest in
companies with product programs that are guided by validated biomarkers that can enable
highly specific patient selection and provide an objective measurement of drug effect. The
Fund Managers believe that opportunities with these characteristics offer important benefits to
all market participants in the biopharmaceuticals sector, and that these substantially de-risk the
R&D and commercial sides of the biopharmaceutical business model in ways that can
meaningfully benefit investors.

Patients are offered therapies that are more targeted to their disease, and benefit from
improvements in efficacy and safety through increased life expectancy, improved quality of life,
and a more rapid return to a fully productive life;

Physicians have access to an arsenal of products that they can choose from to tailor therapy to
specific patients’ disease, and avoid the costs and risks associated with using less effective
therapies that carry all the safety risks, but may or may not have any effect on the specific
disease subtype of an individual patient;

Payers may pay higher prices for these therapies, but with the enhanced efficacy and safety
profile that’s possible with biomarker based targeting, they can expect to see better overall
patient outcomes, that ultimately save money within the system;

Pharmaceutical Companies benefit because with targeted approaches to drug discovery and

development, the probabilities of success improve, interactions with regulators become less
risky, timelines to move products from the lab to the market can be significantly shortened, and

35 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024046
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023729.txt,"Forthcoming (August 2011) Future Science edited by Max Brockman, Vintage Press, New York.

hard to keep track of who cooperates and who doesn’t, especially if it’s institutions you’re
monitoring. Enron, which in 2001 filed one of the largest bankruptcies in U.S. history, hid
billions of dollars in debt in hundreds of shell firms, which bought poorly performing Enron
stocks so that Enron could create a fraudulent company profile and mislead its auditors. Lehman
Brothers, in the years before its 2008 collapse, used a smaller firm called Hudson Castle (of
which it owned 25 percent) to shift risky investments off its books so that Hudson Castle, not
Lehman Brothers, could absorb “headline risk.” Which leads us to shaming’s third weakness.

(3.) Shaming’s biggest drawback is its insufficiency. Some people have no shame. In the
research my colleagues and I have conducted on first-year students, involving games that require
cooperation, we have found that shame does not encourage cooperation among those players
who are least cooperative. This suggests that a certain fraction of a given population will always
behave shamelessly, like the False cleanerfish, if the payoff is high enough. The banks may have
gone bankrupt, but the bankers got their bonuses. There was even speculation that publishing
individual banker bonuses would lead to banker jealousy, not shame.

My colleagues and I conclude that ultimately shame is not enough to catalyze major
social change. Slavery did not end because abolitionists shamed slave owners into freeing their
slaves. Child labor did not stop because factories were shamed into forbidding children to work.
Destruction of the ozone layer did not slow because industries were ashamed to manufacture
products that contained chlorofluorocarbons. This is why punishment remains imperative. Even
if shaming were enough to bring the behavior of most people into line, governments need a
system of punishment to protect the group from the least cooperative players.

Finally, consider who belongs to the group. Today we are faced with the additional

challenge of balancing human interests and the interests of nonhuman life. How can we

10

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023729
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017634.txt,"Page 31 of 31
104 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 59, *103

Copyright (c) 2014 Northwestern University, School of Law
Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology

End of Document

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017634
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024765.txt,"CHAPTER VII Capital Markets for Cannabis Companies

Capital Raised by Canadian Publicly Traded Cannabis-Related Companies (LTM ended September 30, 2017)

$1200

$1000
_ $800
a
Ss
= $600
o
2
A
~~ $400

~ - — po

$0

TSX TSXV CSE Total

Amount Raised $403 $334 $319 $1056
Number of Deals 11 21 28 60
Average Deal Size $37 $16 $11 $18

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

Financial Data and Trading Multiples of Canadian
Publicly Traded Cannabis-Related Companies

The following tables show selected financial and trading information of cannabis-related companies

that are publicly traded on Canadian markets.

© 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC 129

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024765
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025140.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
Attachments: 
Robert Trivers 
6/25/2018 2:19:44 AM 
jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Re: 
EPSTEIN.docx 
Importance: High 
perhaps i misunderstood ""let's concentrate on you"" 
Jamaica is bad enough but i have mastered that—at least the danger-4th highest murder rate in the world 
as for the us i have alienated large stretches of it—i will spare you the details 
i was amused that you are now friends with JD Watson 
he single-handedly prevented me from getting a Junior Fellowship at Harvard 
In 1972 I got my PhD in Biology and it was conventional to nominate the very best post-docs for a Junior 
Fellowship, Harvard's most prestigious award—it provided three years of research support without any duties. I 
was the best student out of Evolutionary and Organismic Biology in more than 20 years. The entire department 
was behind me. 
but Watson was on the 3-man committee, in charge of all the science candidates and he deemed my two papers, 
reciprocal altruism and parental investment and sexual selection as ""not being science"" and dismissed me in one 
sentence. Well bless his soul, he now does not even understand his own subject—yes, i speak of genetics—
because having remained resolutely ignorant of evolutionary logic and biology he can neither understand the 
shape and form of the genotype nor how it differs systematically within life 
i have been preparing something for you for a long time on human intelligence, Africa, parasites etc because i 
prefer to get things right but i am ready to send you what i have 
main focus is—Africans stupid or smart? 
bob 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025140 
On Sun, Jun 24, 2018 at 4:23 PM, Robert Trivers <__________________> wrote: 
Many thanks. By all means let's concentrate on me and not Trump. If Enhanced Learning can make its annual 
gift of 30 that would have a huge positive effect on me and my future. Let the market take care of itself All 
best 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Jun 24, 2018, at 2:02 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
trump ok, lets concentrate on you. trade war maybe good. shakes things up 
On Sun, Jun 24, 2018 at 8:11 PM, Robert Trivers <> wrote: 
Jeffrey 
finally landed 
very unpleasant journey 
you had nothing to do with how Chapman acted and i apologise for suggesting it might be otherwise 
it was entirely against me, partly motivated by a spiteful ex-friend 
consulted two lawyers that Gordon recommended but they were very discouraging 
the basic problem is simple—i am going against a strong national trend—well-known man after well-known man is being brought low for alleged 
his misbehaviour toward women—in some case well-deserved prison time (Cosby and perhaps Weinstein) in many other cases, simply being run 
out of institutions—exactly my fate 
furthermore in he say/she say confrontations the evidence has shifted—in University settings at least—from 'beyond a reasonable doubt' to a 
'preponderance of evidence' to 'more positive than negative' 
the loss is huge, on the order of a half million to a million dollars, meant to keep me alive (they were going to offer a five-year contract) while i let 
my 'inheritance' be spent on children and grandchildren while also growing 
i have no choice but to work 
i will get my revised Wild Life to an agent later this week—have added 5 new chapters and a few sections—much stronger for the inclusion of my 
major scientific work-1. social theory based on natural selection and 2. selfish genetic elements selected within organisms 
then i have Honour Killings set to roll, as well as another one 
hope you are thriving—and also hope Trump will stop this international trade nonsense—a lose/lose war—especially as it affects the stock market 
or so it seems to me 
best wishes 
bob 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025141 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025142 
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027625.txt,"Time: 03/28/19 05:08:39 AM (575467719)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 91A413B9-EF7C-409A-95E2-780DOEC4A9AF

Message: K

Time: 03/28/19 06:23:13 AM (575472193)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 62816EF/-A61A-43C9-9F26-281 OF FBSEASE

Message: <Unsupported Message Content>

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/28/19 07:31:45 AM (575476305)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: F2C9AF7A-3288-46E9-B623-93D9FAD27252

Message: Steven potter

Time: 03/28/19 07:32:00 AM (575476320)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B91679A7-D1E5-4B84-B865-7814B6CAEEE

r,
Tr
r,

fe

Message: LOL

Time: 03/28/19 07:32:07 AM (575476327)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AC31DA8C-3A83-43DE-A23E-EOF66B6BCBDD

Message: Vordemort

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com
Time: 03/28/19 07:35:50 AM (575476550)

Flags: 1150981

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027625
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021577.txt,"Page 1

09/30/2008
SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

Case Number: 31E-MM- 108062
Serial No.:

Does Accomplishment Involve

Drugs... 2 ee ee we ee : iN
A Fugitive. ....-..2e6.-. : iN
Bankruptcy Fraud. ...... :N
Computer Fraud/Abuse. . ...3:N
Corruption of Public Officials: N
Money Laundering. .....-. : N

Sub. Invest. Asst by Other FOs:

Investigative Assistance or Technique Used
FINAN ANALYS LAB FIELD SUP UCO - NAT BACK
AIRCRAFT ASS PEN REGISTERS NCAVC/VI-CAP
COMPUTER ASS PHOTO COVERGE CRIM/NS INTEL

ICT-WITN COOR
TO WANTED FLYR

CONSEN MONIT. POLYGRAPH CRIS NEG~FED

ELSUR/FISC SRCH WAR EXEC CRIS NEG-LOC. SSET FORF PRO
ELSUR/III SHOW MONEY ERT ASST FORF SUPPORT P
ENG FIELD SU SOG ASST BUTTE-ITC FOS/CTD

ENG TAPE EXAI SWAT TEAM SAVANNAH-ITC XS/CTD

LEGATS ASST. TECH AG/EQUIP POC-WRCSC I NFRAGARD/CYD
EVIDNCE PURC TEL TOLL RECS FT. MON-NRCSC on

INFORMANT/CW
LAB DIV EXAM

UCO-GROUP I
UCO-GROUP [1

FOR LANG ASST
NON FBI LAB EX

KRREKEERERER CHILD LOCATE RKRERKERERERE

Stat Agent Name:
Stat Agent SOC.:

;

Assisting Agents SOC

09/30/08 18:51:38

Report Date: 09/30/2008 b6
Accom Date.: 06/30/2008 b7Cc
bT7E

Subject Name

Task Force

RA Squad

PBC PB2

1 = Used, but did not help
2 = Helped, Minimally

3 = Helped, Substantially
4 = Absolutely Essential

Living/Deceased: Living
Date Child Located: 06/30/2008

ENTERED UPON RECEIPT

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021577
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027143.txt,"Time: 01/28/17 08:19:54 AM (507313194)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6BAFCSEO-41CD-4394-8D09-1BA

eg

EFFF 9311

Message: Admin to execute but there are domestic and global issues beyond Obamacare and
abortion

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 01/28/17 08:21:35 AM (507313295)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C157F/B4-D1C3-4858-8E5F-05C39F3160C6

Message: No one yet

Sender: fr

Time: 01/28/17 08:21:57 AM (507313317)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 38D8201D-77

ee

1E-45FA-BDC9-8 969CF5B2433

Message: He probably needs a few depending on issue

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 01/28/17 08:22:09 AM (507313329)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 9FFISF5A-A020-4F33-A70D-FFD22C668 926

Message: Donald said surgeon general is figurehead telling children to eat their
spinach

sender:

Time: 01/28/17 08:22:34 AM (507313354)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 9628890D-F193-440D-BD5C-E03ABOFF7 6A2

Message: That's what all the last ones have been EXCEPT C EVERETT COOP

Sender:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027143
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021211.txt,"wife and belonging to a husband like Robbie. Marriage was bliss for the
duration of our honeymoon until we had to ride coach on our way to
Bangkok Airport to fly out to Australia. Chatting away with always so
much to say to each other we watched a movie and finally got
comfortable leaning up against each other as pillows. We both fell asleep
on the long ride and when we woke up to the sound of the buses brakes
coming to a halt we initially realized my purse and Robbie’s wallet with
all of our money and cards in it was missing. Stranded in the city of
Bangkok was frightening enough as it was but too make matters worse a
lady looking in her mid-seventies, scrawny and hunched over from an
obvious lack of nutrition lifted up her skirt to a passer-byer with a she-
male hanging off his arm and began smacking her vagina blaring out
“Look! No cock...Pussy, pussy! Only five baht” repeating herself many
times over the man just walked on past as she sat back down on the curb
waiting for the next alluring customer. Robbie and I shook our heads in
disgust and disbelief, things could really be that bad for someone, | would
know best as it wasn’t far off the life Jeffrey had been training me up for.

Completely broke at two o’clock in the morning and with no one to call
for help, I panicked right away. Robbie rubbed my back and his tired eyes
trying to make the situation better. Luckily we had made friends with
some really nice people from the resort on the island who gave us about
two thousand baht when they saw how devastated Robbie and I were.
With just enough money to rent a really. cheap room for the night at a
backpackers hoste! and pay for a taxi to the airport the following day, we
were saved.

Early the next morning we were off in separate planes, since Robbie’s
ticket was pre-booked and no available seats left for me to join him meant
we would be landing in Australia separately. Fortunately we had found a
corresponding flight that arrived within the same hour of each other but I
would have to make a stop over to the Philippines. The lengthy hours of
the duration on the flight seemed to stretch on with only the thoughts of
the journey ahead of me I couldn’t wait to get back to my husbands
loving arms. The trip was going well, sleeping the majority of the flight
until I had to change planes in the Philippines.

After the plane landed and before any passenger was allowed to get off
we were handed a declaration statement that informed us that if we were
carrying any drugs or weaponry, we would be arrested and face charges
with death as the ultimate penalty. Not that I had anything to worry about,
but what a thought to willingly sign over your life. I got the chills
handing over my signed declaration and traveling documents to the
customs officer. Obtaining my passport he additionally asked to see my
departing ticket. No problem | thought, just I had done many of times,
and | handed over the requested information. The officer looked me over

133

£1 Copyright Protected Material
CONFIDENTIAL GIUFFRE004266

and got on the phone immediately which sounded like a phone call to his
superiors but | couldn’t tell since it was in another language. A brief
conversation but long enough to get me thinking, he then called over two
guards who took me by the arms and brought me into an empty room but
for a desk and three chairs to be interrogated. No one would tell me what
was going on they all just scattered around in frenzy, ignoring all of my
hysterical inquisitions. Leaving me by myself and alone with my thoughts
I couldn’t help but panic even worse now.

This was a total bombshell of confusion on my part, what had | done
wrong? Minute’s later a large-framed women in a green uniform entered
the room with the guards from before and sat down across from me with
a stern look in her eyes. She placed my documents on the desk in between
us. Not saying a word to me she was waiting for me to give her an
explanation for something. “Can you please tell me what this is about,
have I done something wrong?” L asked her politely, trying to restraint
any animosity towards her. Her reply sounded as grim as she looked.
“You have been in Thailand for three months and now you have only a
one way ticket booked to Australia with no visa. What exactly are your
plans once you get there, Ms. Roberts?” To myself 1 wondered what
business it was to her, don’t people travel with one-way tickets all the
time? Knowing I was in no position to be able to say anything like that or
even at all I just gave in nicely and told her my intentions to travel over
there. Crying through my entire explanation | wasn’t sure if | was going ~
to even make my flight now. She had to think about everything | had told
her fora moment, deciding whether or not she would grant me
permission to meet my husband in Australia or send me back alone to
Bangkok. With only time on my side she had to make a hasty verdict
now. One more question had to be answered before | was let go, she
wanted some proof. “If you have just got married can you show me your
marriage certificate then?” This didn’t help my stories credibility at all
seeing that we were married in a Buddhist temple and given woven
bracelets instead of certificates. Explaining to her that I didn’t have one to
show her yet but was already aware that I would have to obtain a legal
marriage certificate through a courthouse upon my arrival in Australia to
stay there legally, it was only because of my husbands beliefs we wanted
to get married in a Buddhist ceremony. She must have shared a common
interest in religion or something like that as she finally cracked a smile
upon the photos of the wedding day that 1 showed her and carrying in my
purse since getting them developed, if she wanted proof, well this is all I
really had.

Handing me back my documents and ticket I was now free to leave but
she wasn’t leaving me much time to run through the airports terminal to
get to my departing plane. Expeditiously bolting through the busy airport

0 Copyright Protected Material

GIUTEREO04267

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021211
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028270.txt,"/ BARAK / 136

of uniformed US personnel. The focus was, of all things, on defense against a
missile attack from Iran. I contacted Leon Panetta to see whether we could delay it.
The official reason cited by the Americans, when they agreed to do it, did have the
merit of being true: that Bibi was coming under pressure to shift our budgetary
priorities away from defense toward social and economic issues. But Panetta
understood that my request for a delay meant we were at least considering military
action. He also realized that if we did launch an attack, it was in the Americans’
own interest for their troops be as far away from Israel as possible. We agreed to
reschedule the exercise for October 2012. That meant that if we did decide to
attack, we’d have until well into September, when significant numbers of US
troops would begin arriving.

As we weighed our final decision, I held a series of high-level meetings in
Washington: with Panetta, national security adviser Tom Donilon, Hillary Clinton,
and President Obama himself. Though not explicitly saying we were ready to
attack, I left no doubt that we were seriously considering it, and explained the
reasons we believed our country’s fundamental security interests might make it
necessary. The message from all of the Americans I met was that the
administration shared our basic goal: to prevent, or at least seriously impair, Iran’s
drive to get a nuclear bomb. But they continued to believe that non-military
pressure was the best way to do it.

The Americans knew we were skeptical that the non-military route would work,
and that we were deeply worried about the implications of not taking military
action if it failed. I discussed our thinking — and, in general terms, our plans — in
my meetings with Panetta. He already had a pretty good idea of the broad contours
of what we were contemplating, since US radar systems and electronic intercepts
had been recording the volume and nature of air force exercises we’d been
conducting over recent months. Leon and I had by now got to know each other
well, having first met when he was in charge of the CIA at the start of the Obama
administration. In one of our early meetings at CIA headquarters in Langley, there
had been a small bunch of grapes on his desk and I plucked a few in my mouth
with obvious enjoyment. Now, at the Pentagon, he had a big bowlful ready
whenever we met. The fact that he opposed an Israeli military operation made him
no less of a pleasure to deal with. He was unfailingly calm and even tempered. He
had an encyclopedic grasp of issues of defense, intelligence, budgets and policy.
He was always rock-solid in America’s commitments to Israel. It’s worth

422

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028270
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014885.txt,"Other Important Disclosures

From time to time research analysts conduct site visits of covered issuers. BofA Merrill Lynch policies prohibit research analysts from accepting payment or reimbursement for travel expenses

from the issuer for such visits.

Prices are indicative and for information purposes only. Except as otherwise stated in the report, for the purpose of any recommendation in relation to: (i) an equity security, the price
referenced is the publicly traded price of the security as of close of business on the day prior to the date of the report or, if the report is published during intraday trading, the price referenced is
indicative of the traded price as of the date and time of the report; or (ii) a debt security (including equity preferred and CDS), prices are indicative as of the date and time of the report and are

from various sources including Bank of America Merrill Lynch trading desks.

The date and time of completion of the production of any recommendation in this report shall be the date and time of dissemination of this report as recorded in the report timestamp.

Officers of MLPF&S or one or more of its affiliates (other than research analysts} may have a financial interest in securities of the issuer(s) or in related investments.
BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research policies relating to conflicts of interest are described at http://go.bofa.com/coi.

""BofA Merrill Lynch"" includes Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (‘MLPF&S’) and its affiliates. Investors should contact their BofA Merrill Lynch representative or
Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management financial advisor if they have questions concerning this report. ""BofA Merrill Lynch’ and ""Merrill Lynch"" are each global brands for BofA

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Hess Corp.| 11 April 2017 13

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014885
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017152.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Holiday services with my family in Brooklyn. The Lyon’s Den, a popular New York gossip
column, carried the following vignette: [C] He was close to each clerk in a different way,
following our careers, advising us on life choices and encouraging us to “do great things.”

Three months after I started working for Justice Goldberg I was in his secretary’s office while she
was talking on the phone to her husband who was an officer in the U.S. armed forces. I think he
had something to do with communications, because he told her that shots had been fired in Dallas.
We turned on a small television set that had been in my cubicle ever since the World Series a
couple of months earlier. Nothing was yet on the news. A few minutes later everyone in the
world knew that President Kennedy had been shot. It was a Friday morning and the nine Justices
of the Supreme Court were in their weekly private conference, which no one, except for the
Justices, was allowed to attend. There were no secretary, clerks or messengers. I had been given
strict instructions never to interrupt Justice Goldberg during one of these conferences, but I knew
this was an exception. And so I went to the door of the private conference room and knocked.
Justice Goldberg, being the junior Justice, answered the door and gave me a dirty look, saying, “I
told you not to interrupt me.” I said, “Mr. Justice, you are going to want to know that the
President has been shot.” Several of the Justices immediately gathered around my little television
set which, it turned out, was the only one in the entire Supreme Court building. We watched, as
the news got progressively worse, finally leading to the announcement that the President was
dead. The Chief Justice asked all of the Justices to disperse for fear that there might be a
conspiracy involving attacks on other institutions. The clerks stayed behind to finish the court’s
business.

The following night, right after the Sabbath was over, Justice Goldberg asked me to pick him up
and drive him to the White House. He was closely connected both to the Kennedy family and to
Lyndon Johnson, and the new President wanted his advice. I picked up the Justice in my old
Peugeot, which was filled with children’s toys. I drove him to the White House gate. Goldberg
asked me to wait for him, since the meeting would be relatively brief, and drive him home. When
the White House guard looked into the car, he immediately flung the back door open and grabbed
a toy plastic gun. Nerves were pretty tense. He wouldn’t let me wait inside the White House
gate, so I had to wait outside until the Justice returned. I also drove him to the funeral and was
with him when the news came over the radio that Lee Harvey Oswald had been shot. Goldberg
exclaimed angrily, “What kind of a country are we living in!”

Shortly thereafter, Chief Justice Earl Warren told the Supreme Court staff and employees that he
was becoming Chairman of the newly formed Warren Commission. I asked Goldberg why he
would do that. Goldberg told me something, which only in retrospect became clear. He said that
the President had asked him to perform a patriotic duty and to convince the American public that
the act was that of a lone gunman, and not a conspiracy by the communists. Warren agreed
because he did not want to allow any excuses either for a return of McCarthyism or for military
hostilities between the Soviet Union and the United States. I later learned that Lyndon Johnson
personally believed that there was a conspiracy behind the Kennedy assassination, but handpicked
the Warren Commission to assure that even if the evidence pointed in that direction, it would be
covered up in the interest of national security.

65

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017152
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018261.txt,"observed in his “On Certainty” at the end of his life.2? So with networks. We will get
to know their nature by learning to use them. By watching what they do, observing
them in their surprising movements. We know at least already that puzzles like the
future of US-China relations or income inequality or artificial intelligence are simply
not addressable with traditional thinking because they occur on a network surface
now. Old-style ideas about each of these will likely lead us down dangerous paths.
Our leaders today are, as a result, imperiling us in ways they can’t even understand.
Honestly, these figures are not mentally prepared to fight any sort of battle on this
landscape. They probably never will be.

I’m not saying effective leadership now demands you know what “the instantiation
of a class” in object oriented programming means - or that you master the technical
roots of some other crucial, philosophical idea of connective design. But a feeling for
the laws of networks, for the normalness of connection and the pressures that it
produces is essential at least. That the terrorists of ISIS or the founders of gaming
app companies are better at growth hacking - the subtle art of using data,
connection and instinct to breed massive virtual communities - than our own
institutions or our leaders should unnerve us for a couple of reasons. First, because
it demonstrates a mastery of new power tools that move with astonishing speed,
assembling nation-sized movements and forces in incomprehensively brief periods
of time. But we should also worry - and this is as crucial - because that fast pace is
colliding with a set of slower-moving instincts, institutions and people who still
control substantial levers of power.

At the same moment in time that many of us are alive with the joy of being around
something that is beginning, most of our leaders are locked sadly or with terror into
the ending of something else. Same exact moment. Different instincts. It reminds me
of Virginia Woolf's novel of transitions, The Years, when the once-commanding
Colonel Pargiter finally passes away, liberating his daughter Eleanor into a world of
adventure even as the change dooms Crosby, the family’s long-serving maid. “For
Crosby, it was the end of everything,” Woolf wrote. “She had known every cupboard,
flagstone, chair and table in the large rambling house, not from five or six feet
distance as they had known it; but from her knees as she had scrubbed and
polished; she had known every groove, stain, fork, knife, napkin and cupboard. They
and their doings had made her entire world. And now she was going off, alone, toa
single room at Richmond.”?° The people now lamenting the decline of television, of
newspapers, of a disconnected age, who are baffled by constant connection or apps
of the moment or machines that learn should be given their quiet moments with the
old structures. They knew that world from their knees, built and maintained it as
much for us as for them. Elements of that slower unconnected era must be

29 “We got to know the nature of calculating”: Ludwig Wittgenstein, On Certainty
ed. G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H.von Wright Translated by Denis Paul and
G.E.M.Anscombe, (Oxford: Blackwell 1969)

30 “For Crosby”: Virginia Woolf, The Years, (New York: Harcourt, Brace &
Jovanovich, 1937) p. 216

29

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018261
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015543.txt,"EXHIBIT H

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015543
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012665.txt,"TAB 37

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012665
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018628.txt,"already do."" Even as I said it, I wondered why I was still talking to a guy who'd just said
that men don't want to date women as smart as they are. | felt like a bad feminist.

""Oh, you shouldn't tone yourself down!"" said Mr. Ambition. ""It makes you attractive...
Attractive intellectually, I mean.""

I sighed. ""Yes,"" I said. ""Intellectually.”

""I'm sorry,” he said again.

""I'm going home,"" I said.

""We're still friends, right?” he asked.

""Yes, but give me some time to get over this,"" I said. ""Probably about a month.”

""What do you mean?"" He came after me as I walked to the door. ""Like, you don't want to
see me at all for a month? You don't want me to call you, or reach out to you, or
anything?""

I looked at him, again, for a long moment. I regretted his stricken expression. Again, I
spoke as gently as I could. ""Maybe in a month.""

He offered me a ride, which I declined. My fifteen-minute estimate was almost on target:
twenty minutes later, I stepped into my bedroom, leaned back against my door and burst
into tears.

te Kk ok

I ran into Richard the next evening, and we spent the night together. Richard put a fair
amount of effort into convincing me to talk to Mr. Ambition.

""It sounds like he didn't actually mean to break up with you,"" said Richard. ""It sounds
like the conversation got away from him. He didn't start that conversation intending to
break up with you; maybe he was looking for reassurance, and you approached his
questions too logically, and he concluded that you don't care. You really like him. It
seems like it's worth trying to make it work.""

You may have noticed that both of these men tried hard to convince me that the other
man cared about me. I decline to analyze what that means about me and my current
approach to relationships.

However, I will say that I tried giving Richard more emotional feedback than I have in a
long time; I even told him I missed him the next time he went on vacation. And I did try
talking to Mr. Ambition again, and he acknowledged that he hadn't exactly intended to
break up with me.

But then Mr. Ambition and I had several of those encounters that I think of as ""post-
breakup talks."" I hate that shit. Every evening ended on a confusing, inconclusive note.
He kept saying that he was ""confidently ambiguous."" We weren't dating, we weren't not
dating. It reminded me of a phase I went through with a college ex-boyfriend, back in my
monogamous days: my ex and I spent several weeks post-breakup being ""exclusive but
not together."" So preposterous. People are so broken.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018628
"
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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014214
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019536.txt,"48 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

reason why NSA documents remained secrets, as all intelligence
workers at Dell were told when they signed their oath to protect
NSA secrets, was that the unauthorized release of communications
intelligence documents would violate U.S. espionage laws. Even so,
there was no shortage of activists overseas, such as Assange, who
would be willing to publish NSA documents revealing its global sur-
veillance activities. Cyberpunks, as these activists called themselves,
tended to be hostile to the NSA because they believed (correctly)
that it monitored their activities on the Internet. This anti-NSA
view was well represented at the Chaos Computer Club convention
in Berlin in 2012. In addressing these cyberpunks, Assange and his
followers at WikiLeaks declared that the main enemy in cyberspace
was the NSA. The NSA documents Snowden had taken were far
more explosive than anything Assange had posted to date because
they contained NSA intelligence source material.

In the late fall of 2012, Snowden further tested his newly found
powers. Using an alias, he reached out to some of the leading hack-
tivists. It opened a door for him to the darker side of cyberspace.

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 48 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019536
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021239.txt,"Susan, Jill and me to a restaurant around the corner. Gordon Gekko hosts a hen party talking about children,
schools, country houses and vacations.

Back on the set Oliver is shooting the actual dinner. Assistant directors ask for volunteers to dance to the live
music. Prince Dimitri twirls and dips Jackie Weld. Kelly Klein, in her own Karl Lagerfeld sheer black organza,
watches from a table with scattered champagne glasses half-filled with apple juice along with her 86-year-old
father, Tulley Rector. Charlie Sheen leaves for LA and Shia is very annoyed he was not introduced to his
hero. Carrie Mulligan, costumed like Audrey Hepburn, chats with us between takes.

The final set up is a long tracking shot of Josh Brolin and his wife as they triumphantly enter the ball. It is
close to 9 p.m. and Lord William Astor arrives to pick me up for Amalia Dayan and Adam Lindemann's dinner
for artists uptown.

Oliver is introduced to William and delights in calling him Lord as he immediately moves him into the top of
the shot and instructs him to tell Eli Wallach, ""We must do lunch"". Ever the proper English gentleman,
William advises Oliver that Lords do not use American slang and improvises his own lines. The tracking shot
continues for numerous takes following Josh and Noelle as every VIP extra gets another shot at instant stardom
with one-line greetings.

At last, “It’s a wrap” is screamed after 10 p.m. Prince Dimitri tells The Wall Street Journal it was, ""a day of
electrifying glamour,"" and “the longest gala of my life. I was in black tie for thirteen hours.”

November 25, Tommy Gun Salon, Ludlow Street, last day of shooting

Donald Trump is on set at 7 a.m. ready for his close up. He is trying to make a mid-day departure on his jet
from Teterboro with wife Melania and son Baron for Thanksgiving weekend in Palm Beach. Back in
September, Oliver had invited Donald Trump to dinner at ""21"" to meet his leading men Josh and Shia so they
could observe New York's most charismatic powerbroker in his natural environment.

The scene is London so the grey skies are perfect. Gekko has moved abroad to make his financial

comeback. The scene opens on the back of his head in a barber's chair as he watches the financial news on TV.
The camera pulls back and Gordon Gekko is finally revealed as the powerful bull he once was in an exquisite
suit and signature slicked-back hair. Donald Trump walks into the shop for a cut and the banter begins about
the money market. From his chair, Donald leans into Michael and suggests a ""comb over"" like his famous

do. Gekko, with a slight grin, says, ""No thanks Donald, I am a gel man.”

The crew is yucking it up and Donald feels great. Paparazzi shoot the whole scene with long lenses from across
the street. The unit publicist is helpless to keep this under wraps. Donald emerges, poses and gives interviews.
Michael comes out, and the press think they have a scoop on the ending. Gekko is back in all his lovable titan
splendor. Full-page photos of Michael and Donald run the next day in the tabloids. Never underestimate Oliver
Stone’s surprise endings.

Twentieth Century Fox releases ""Wall Street 2: The Money Never Sleeps"" on April 23rd and it's got hit written
all over it.

De ee ee eee ee i ee ee ee i ee a

The information contained in this communication is

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021239
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028258.txt,"/ BARAK / 124

focus from the day Bibi’s government took office, was to do all I could to change
that.

410
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028258
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032502.txt,"From: Roy Black i

Sent: 2/19/2017 12:01:21 AM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

He will be by himself. Perhaps a trump administration aide to assist and accompany him.

Get Outlook for iOS

On Sat, Feb 18, 2017 at 3:30 PM -0800, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Who will represent Acosta at hearings

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032502
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014675.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 539-4 Filed 01/06/17 Page 1of1

REDACTED
EXHIBIT D

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014675
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025335.txt,"a

cnet.com / Jackson Ryan De-extinction, bringing extinct species back
from the dead, is now on the table thanks to the revolutionary gene-
editing technology CRISPR.

Slack Wants to Replace Email. Is That
What We Want?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025335
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018249.txt,"people who do have the Seventh Sense. Even, | think, by people who are reading this
book.

Why start this journey into the churning, still-confusing and affronting world
around us now by the shores of Lake Taihu? Why begin with the sentiments of a
slower culture that Master Nan embodied, passed like delicate and still-warm tea,
with so much calm in the face of all this urgency? It’s not only because of Master
Nan’s insight that this world is tearing at our minds, that the faster we move the
sicker we'll get. It’s something else. The training of an instinct, of a really fresh way
of looking at the world, demands a kind of calm. Understanding of anything, after all,
is most durably assembled in slow conversations, in patient probing. It is developed
as much from brushes with music and literature as it is from any direct, slamming
confrontation with the truth. The birth of an instinct requires a rewiring of our
minds, a reframing of our hopes, and this can only be done at the pace of
contemplation. (It’s the best way to keep the fear at bay.) We seek those stilled,
freeze-framed moments where we'll pause amid lightspeed fast networks to think
about why they work and just what they are doing to us. Tranquility, fora moment
at least, in the face of the alternately horrible and wonderful way the world is being
remade. That’s what you'll get here, in the following pages. Nan’s model statesman
Su Qin, knife stabbed into his own thigh and slouched with exhaustion is a sort of
totem for us. Knife in thigh. Stop. Think. Even, hard as it may be, wait for the right
path to present itself. No matter how uncomfortable it may be at times, it is better to
be unconventional than conventional in our revolutionary age. This is the only way
to cultivate a Seventh Sense. The old methods will not teach you a new way.

Let me tell you what is going to happen: In coming years there will be a struggle
between those who have the Seventh Sense - who are born with it or trained to it -
and those who don't. New, network forces all around us will take on old, established
ones - they already are - in business, politics, warfare, science. Then - because
those who don’t have the Seventh Sense for network power will lose, as anyone who
tries to stop the future always loses - a new age will begin. This age will involve
violent, historic wrestling between different groups with different versions of the
Seventh Sense.Competing interests and ideals and aims will fire these contending
forces. Networks will fight networks. Some of the plans of these connected age
groups will be good, others evil, and anyhow the winners will be ruthless. Then, and
this is where it will get particularly strange and incredible, there will be a battle
between those with the Seventh Sense and the very systems of connection,
machines and intelligence they have built. Human instincts laid in competition
against the machine instincts. That struggle? I’m not quite sure how it will turn out.
But for now, at least, we can say this: The future sits almost like a cold-eyed dare in
front of us. Just try to avoid this!

17

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018249
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023067.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: 10/19/2013 12:30:10 AM
To: Fred Haddad
cc: Tonja Haddad Coleman

|; Darren Indyke [EE ; Debbie Fein

Subject: Re: Request for comment from The Mail on Sunday with noon ET Saturday deadline re Mr Bradley Edwards vs Mr
Jeffrey Epstein

[octets tte etter errr rere icieieieies “4
i

Privileged - Redacted

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 18, 2013, at 6:38 PM, Tonja Haddad Coleman i wrote:

Tonja Haddad Coleman, Esq.
Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: Sharon Churcher rs
Date: October 18, 2013 at 6:32:28 PM EDT

Ces Nick Pyke Liz Hertey

Subject: Request for comment from The Mail on Sunday with noon ET Saturday deadline re Mr
Bradley Edwards vs Mr Jeffrey Epstein

Dear Sirs:

We are preparing an article about the calendaring today of Mr Edwards' claim against Mr Epstein for jury trial
and the witness list which names ee: other young women who allege they were underage
victims of Mr Epstein.

Mr Edwards claims that Mr Epstein maliciously attempted to intimidate him and his clients into retracting their
claims.

Ms GE further has stated to us that she intends to testify that she was flown to London by Mr Epstein and
instructed to have sex at age 17 with Prince Andrew. She alleges that she was paid $15k for this encounter.

She claims that on another occasion, Mr Epstein flew two young women to a dinner for the purpose of

entertaining President Clinton. She claims she herself was sex trafficked to several other men, whose contact
information is contained in an address book of Mr Epstein's filed in court records.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023067
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018600.txt,"slightly brown when done cooking. Without real eggs, they will not get that dark. They
will, however, turn a golden tan.

When they are done, remove them from the oven and allow them to sit on the sheet for
about a minute or two before placing them on a wire rack. Be careful with them as they
tend to be quite delicate until they have cooled.

Kickass Chocolate Cake
I think I modified this recipe from an Internet source too, but I can't find it now.
+ 1 1/2 cups FLOUR
+ 1 cup SUGAR
+ 1/2 cup UNSWEETENED COCOA
+ 1 tablespoon GROUND CLOVES
+ 1 teaspoon BAKING SODA
+ 1 teaspoon CAYENNE PEPPER
+ 1/4 teaspoon SALT
+ 1 cup ALMOND MILK (or COLD WATER)
+ 1/4 cup OIL
+ 1 tablespoon BALSAMIC VINEGAR

+ 1 tablespoon VANILLA (once I replaced this with ORANGE EXTRACT and added
some CINNAMON, and the result was amazing)

Preheat oven to baking temperature.

In a bowl beat together the OIL, SUGAR, SALT, SPICES and COCOA until well-
combined. Add the remaining ingredients, and stir until well-combined. Pour into a
greased enamel plate or cake dish and bake 20-30 minutes. Don't worry if the batter tastes
quite spicy -- it mellows out a lot, when you bake it so that the end result is more
chocolate with a spicy after-taste. Cool.

Then mix the following ingredients together, and pour the resultant icing on top:
+ 1 cup POWDERED SUGAR
+ 1/2 cup UNSWEETENED COCOA
+ 6 tablespoons COCONUT MILK (or ALMOND MILK or SOY MILK)
Tofu Tikka Masala

This is a modified recipe that originated with a friend.
+ 5 tablespoons OIL

+ 2 medium ONIONS, thinly sliced

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018600
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016062.txt,"“Prediction is very hard,
especially about the future.”

Niels Bohr

“The Moving Finger writes: and,
having writ, Moves on: nor all
thy Piety nor Wit Shall lure it
back to cancel half a Line, Nor

all thy Tears wash out a Word of
it.”

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam,
Edward FitzGerald

MEGS Fe tule

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016062
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012895.txt,"repeated a crime is more likely to repeat than someone who has only committed a crime once. On this
view, those who engage in certain kinds of crimes, such as child molesters and rapists, are more likely to
repeat because it is “in” their system. Unfortunately, both folk perception and legal analysis of future
dangerousness are based on weak evidence, unfounded assumptions, or both.

Consider sexual offenders. Their crime is intentional, frequently repeated, and aimed at innocent
victims. Given that many sexual offenders repeat their offenses, it has the appearance of inevitability, of
a process that is highly determined. Because many sexual offenders were abused as children, some
experts conclude that we should blame their parents. Other experts believe that particular situations either
promote or support sexual offenders, including the church and medical exam rooms. And yet other
experts, including the psychiatrist Boris Schiffer, reveal brain differences among pedophiles, including
especially the areas involved in reward and self-control. Together, these observations suggest that the
combination of a deviant nature and toxic nurture have led to a more deterministic universe. In this
universe, sexual offenses are inevitable or so highly probable that we should lock up offenders and post
their crimes in every county’s registry, and if possible, as replacements for flamingo lawn art.

If this assessment of sexual offenders is right, how should we think about responsibility, blame,
and punishment. If sexual offenders can’t help themselves, how should we assign blame? How should we
assign an appropriate level and form of punishment, if punishment is even appropriate? Studies of
recidivism among sexual offenders generate rates as low as 15% and as high as 80%. These studies also
reveal that recidivism rates differ for incest perpetrators, rapists, and child molesters. These numbers tell
us that even child molesters don’t always repeat their crimes. They also tell us that sexual offences should
not be lumped, but split apart into their underlying causes and triggers. Like the high odds favoring a
horse with a distinguished lineage and top rated jockey, there are high odds favoring repeated sexual
molestation in an individual who was sexually abused as a child and enters the clergy. Does this mean
that we should all bet on this one horse or forget the race altogether? Does this mean that we should lock
up the priest before he has an opportunity to enter his parish? No and No. Neither horse racing nor sexual
molestation are that easily determined. Future success and future dangerousness are probabilistic. They
represent our best guesses. When the law determines that someone is at high risk of committing a future
offense, it doesn’t really care whether the individual is perfectly healthy or brain damaged. It cares about
risk. In terms of blame and punishment, however, the law cares about the perpetrator’s brain. The law
cares about a person’s capacity to act rationally and independently. It is this capacity that allows us to
assign responsibility. It is this capacity that drives many theories of blame and punishment, including the
Australian legal scholar Michael Moore’s massive treatise Placing Blame. These are reasons why
scientific understanding of future dangerousness is important for law and society.

Armed with these ideas about future dangerousness, we can return to the list of potential evildoers
that I mentioned in the prologue. This list included individuals who caused relatively minor harms such as
Reverend Lawrence Murphy and Charles Manson, as well as those who committed much more major
harms such as Idi Amin and Mao Zedong. Whether we consider these individuals and their acts as evil is
orthogonal to the fact that each one posed a great risk to society. Each of these individuals would have
been judged as high risk for causing future danger. Only some of these individuals should have been
punished if punishment is guided by our understanding of responsibility and blame. Only those
individuals who can take responsibility for their actions and change should be punished. On this view, all
of the dictators were rightly blamed and punished. And so too were Jane Toppan, Bernard Madoff, and
Charles Granger. In contrast, although Lawrence Murphy should have been locked up as opposed to
exiled to a cottage, both Murphy and Charles Manson are more difficult to assess in terms of
responsibility, and thus, the appropriateness of punishment. No one would want them walking the streets
today, free to rape innocent children or create a cult of murderers. But for the law to evolve, we need
better tools to evaluate the biological underpinnings of diminished capacity. These measures, still in the
early stages of development, will help refine our understanding of risk, guide our clinical interventions,
and contribute to the construction of a safer society.

As we move forward, we must also recognize the rapidly changing landscape, and the future
dangerousness of globalization, especially its capacity to breed evildoers. Like authority, conformity,

Hauser Epilogue. Evilightenment 149

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012895
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013553.txt,"Though the environment was one of tranquil academic scholarship, | lived charged
with anticipated performance anxiety about the seminars on the brain as a
dynamical system | was scheduled to present to these (| feared) ready-to-be-
disdainful, prize-winning, pure mathematicians and theoretical physicists.

My dorm-style sleeping room at /HES was, in winter, painfully cold and
drafty; the narrow iron bed’s thin mattress contained lumps of persistently disturbing
dreams, the small scratched table for work shim-irreparably wobbled. A faded
poster of Van Gogh’s garden was tacked crookedly on the door facing the toilet in
the dank, dimly lit small bathroom. A dwelling for distracted young mathematicians.
A retired but still famous Parisian chef cooked many course, elegant meals every
afternoon. The food was accompanied by so many liters of unlabeled red wine and
peer pressure to be French and socially drink it that it became a choice between
dulled, blunted,. sleepy post-prandial afternoons or living on bread, many cheeses,
apples and Perrier water, alone in my room. | chose the latter.

Thom’s gifts to us _ theoretically oriented non-mathematicians were
diagrammatic, easy-to-visualize pictures that allow the intuitive capture of counter-
intuitive discontinuities in functions. How we might imagine that a smooth and
continuous change in a cause of something can lead to a big, discontinuous change
in the results. His system of topological (shape not size) diagrams was useful when
considering up to four causal variables and one to two dependent variables that
described how things behaved.

For an important real life example, in modern clinical pharmacology, the
smooth dose-response curve consistent with the physician’s intuition that if a little
drug didn’t work, a little more may do so, should become an up and down search for
the dose-region for the desired effect which may involve a lower amount than a
previously ineffective drug dose. The therapeutic effect may occur in the middle of a
narrow dose range with too much or no effect occurring out of this span. In many
physical systems, sudden and global transitions in state, from incoherent light rays
to coherent lasing and from laminar flow of fluids to turbulence, emerge
unexpectedly when causal parameter are moved into what some call the critical

region of the values of control parameters. Outside this region, cause and result

53

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013553
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019278.txt,"BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians

ereignty, they are aligning themselves with a Russian
leader who has sought to dominate neighboring
states and who regularly invokes his country’s imperial
and Soviet past. Putin has refused to apologize for
Russias historical subjugation of Central and Eastern
Europe. He has defended the Soviet Unions occupa-
tions as necessary to secure its national interests, and
denounced the movement of former Soviet bloc coun-
tries to join the EU and seek protection in the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Far-right parties apparently see Putin not as a threat
to national security, but as an exemplar of their own
nationalist values. Like him, they hope to build a
strong national state without regard for international
agreements, domestic checks and balances, or funda-
mental human rights. Putin's contempt for democracy
carries no stigma among these parties, for which
elections and civil liberties are purely instrumental.
While Le Pen, Wilders, and their ilk need elections as
a means of gaining power and a free press to convey
their arguments, they are hostile to the extension of
rights to immigrants and minorities, and unenthusias-
tic about independent courts that might block their
initiatives. To the extent that the EU enforces demo-
cratic norms in its region, Putin and Europe's far right
have a common enemy in Brussels.

Flacks for autocrats

Paul Manafort, a Washington lobbyist and consultant,
had a long career of work for leading Republicans,
including presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and
Ronald Reagan. But by the time he became Donald
Trump's campaign chairman in 2016, Manafort was
best known for his work on behalf of foreign political
leaders, including several with distinctly autocratic
pedigrees: Ferdinand Marcos, the strongman of the
Philippines until 1986; Mobutu Sese Seko, the klepto-
cratic dictator of what is now the Democratic Republic
of Congo; Sani Abacha, a Nigerian military ruler; and
Viktor Yanukovych, president of Ukraine from 2010 to
2014, when he was forced to abandon the presidency
and flee to Russia in the wake of nationwide protests.

anafort's work to dress up the images of Marcos and
obutu stood out at a time when American consul-
tants seldom represented dictators or authoritarians.
nthe 1980s, U.S. political operatives with experience
in major campaigns were expanding their clientele
to include foreign governments and political parties,
though usually in democratic settings.""

By 2005, when Manafort signed on to work with Yanu-

kovych, political consultants, public relations special-
ists, and blue-chip law firms were earning fees paid

by a majority of the world’s autocracies, dictatorships,
and illiberal regimes. Some, especially Middle Eastern
monarchies, are American allies. But others are hostile
to democracy and regard the United States—and often
the EU—as adversaries. The lobbyists and spin masters
they employ are not located exclusively in the United
States. Authoritarians with the requisite means and
interests have hired representatives in London and
Brussels as well as Washington and New York.

Lawyers and consultants often represent dictator-
ships indirectly, through state-owned enterprises. A
number of China's state businesses have hired legal
and political consultants in major democracies, as
have state energy corporations in oil-rich countries
like Azerbaijan, Venezuela, and Angola.

But authoritarian governments generally seek the
assistance of global public relations companies in the
wake of repressive crackdowns at home or acts of
aggression against neighbors. During Manafort’s rela-
tively brief tenure with the Trump campaign, it emerged
that several American firms had been contracted to
discourage Congress from criticizing the Yanukovych
government for its jailing of Yanukovych’s 2010 presi-
dential campaign rival, Yuliya Tymoshenko. That effort
failed, as members of Congress and the American me-
dia made Tymoshenko’ fate a crucial criterion in their
assessment of Yanukovych’s record.’? Manafort had
more success in his earlier work to prepare Yanukovych
for his candidacy in 2010. Ukrainian observers credited
the American adviser with smoothing Yanukovychs
rough edges, convincing him to stay on message, and
reminding him that it was important to assure U.S. and
European audiences that he was committed to democ-
racy and the fight against corruption.

n 2016, Reuters reported that five global public rela-
tions firms had competed for a contract to improve
China's image abroad. The planned campaign would
presumably repair reputational damage caused by

the Chinese government's intensifying domestic
repression, its aggressive territorial policies in the
South China Sea, and a push by Chinese companies
to acquire crucial assets in democratic countries. The
firms that participated in the public relations audition
were Hill+Knowlton, Ogilvy, Ketchum, FleishmanHil-
lard, and Edelman. According to the Reuters account,
the firms were asked to give a presentation “on China's
most pressing image problems and demonstrate their
expertise on managing new forms of media.""

44

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019278
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010584.txt,"46. On September 11, 2008, at the request of his client L.M.., Brad Edwards filed a civil
suit against Jeffrey Epstein to recover damages for his sexual assault of L.M. See Complaint,
L.M. v. Epstein, (Exhibit “V”’).

47. Jane Doe’s federal complaint indicated that she sought damages of more than
$50,000,000. Listing the amount of damages sought in the complaint was in accord with other
civil suits that were. filed against Epstein (before any lawsuit filed by Edwards). See Complaint,
Jane Doe #4 v. Epstein (Exhibit “W”) (filed by Herman and Mermelstein, PA).

48. At about the same time as Edwards filed his three lawsuits against Epstein, other
civil attorneys were filing similar lawsuits against Epstein. For example, on or about April 14,
2008 another law firm, Herman and Mermelstein, filed the first civil action against Epstein on
behalf of one of its seven clients who were molested by Epstein. The complaints that attorney
Herman filed on behalf of his seven clients were similar in tenor and tone to the complaint that
Edwards filed on behalf of his three clients. See id.

49. Over the next year and a half, more than 20 other similar civil actions were filed by
vations attorneys against Epstein alleging sexual assault of minor girls. These complaints were
also similar in tenor and tone to the complaint that Edwards filed on behalf of his clients. These
complaints are all public record and have not been attached, but are available in this Court’s files
and the files of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

50. In addition to the complaints filed against Epstein in Florida, a female in New York,
Ava Cordero, filed a lawsuit against Epstein in New York making similar allegations - that
Epstein paid her for a massage then forced her to give him oral sex and molested her in other

ways when she was only 16 years old. Cordero was born a male, and in her complaint she
19

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010584
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013235.txt,"18.3 Sel&Modification via Supercompilation 319

schema learning the learning of schemata carrying out cognitive processes in more specialized,
context-dependent ways than the general MindAgents do. Eventually, once a CogPrime instance
becomes sufficiently complex and advanced, these cognitive schema may replace the MindAgents
altogether, leaving the system to operate almost entirely based on cognitive schemata.

In order to make the process of cognitive schema learning easier, we may provide a number
of elementary schemata embodying the basic cognitive processes contained in the MindAgents.
Of course, cognitive schemata need not use these they may embody entirely different cognitive
processes than the MindAgents. Eventually, we want the system to discover better ways of doing
things than anything even hinted at by its initial MindAgents. But for the initial phases or the
system’s schema learning, it will have a much easier time learning to use the basic cognitive
operations as the initial MindAgents, rather than inventing new ways of thinking from scratch!

For instance, we may provide elementary schemata corresponding to inference operations,
such as
schemes Deduction

Input InheritanceLink: X, Y
Output InheritanceLink

The inference MindAgents apply this rule in certain ways, designed to be reasonably effective
in a variety of situations. But there are certainly other ways of using the deduction rule, outside
of the basic control strategies embodied in the inference MindAgents. By learning schemata in-
volving the Deduction schema, the system can learn special, context-specific rules for combining
deduction with concept-formation, association-formation and other cognitive processes. And as
it gets smarter, it can then take these schemata involving the Deduction schema, and replace
it with a new schema that eg. contains a context-appropriate deduction formula.

Eventually, to support cognitive schema learning, we will want to cast the hard-wired MindA-
gents as cognitive schemata, so the system can see what is going on inside them. Pragmatically,
what this requires is coding versions of the MindAgents in Combo (see Chapter 21 of Part 2)
rather than C++, so they can be treated like any other cognitive schemata; or alternately, rep-
resenting them as declarative Atoms in the Atomspace. Figure 18.1 illustrates the possibility of
representing the PLN deduction rule in the Atomspace rather than as a hard-wired procedure
coded in C++.

But even prior to this kind of fully cognitively transparent implementation, the system can
still reason about its use of different mind dynamics by considering each MindAgent as a virtual
Procedure with a real SchemaNode attached to it. This can lead to some valuable learning, with
the obvious limitation that in this approach the system is thinking about its MindAgents as
black boxes rather than being equipped with full knowledge of their internals.

18.3 Self-Modification via Supercompilation

Now we turn to a very different form of advanced self-modification: supercompilation. Super-
compilation ""merely"" enables procedures to run much, much faster than they otherwise would.
This is in a sense weaker than self-modication methods that fundamentally create new algo-
rithms, but it shouldn’t be underestimated. A 50x speedup in some cognitive process can enable
that process to give much smarter answers, which can then elicit different behaviors from the
world or from other cognitive processes, thus resulting in a qualitatively different overall cog-
nitive dynamic.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013235
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022056.txt,"TTERSON
Fitryy Ricw

could provide potential protec- that if I didn’t say what they wanted me to say, or not to sa
lappened. I might get hurt. ”

s supposed FBI agent made me 42. I promised Epstein and his lawyer that I would kee

ft the old life of sexual slavery quiet. They seemed happy with that and that seemed to he
life in a new country in hopes : to [be the] way to keep me and my family safe. And I did

ise illegal activities I knew all what Epstein and his lawyer told me. I kept quiet.

vorted FBI call, I was contacted This declaration, stricken from the record by the judge in the
appeared clearly to be working | victims’ lawsuit against the government, also set in motion
ne about an investigation into. | events that led to Dershowitz’s and Roberts’s lawyers becomin
the girls being questioned were } involved in spectacular lawsuits, which included a complaint
sexual contact with them. After _ Dershowitz that these allegations were false and had ‘Aulisaad
the man said they were being 3 4 him, and a complaint by Edwards that Dershowitz’s accusations
id prostitutes, but in my case, if i a against him were false and defamatory.

“be looked after.” The fact that
fter the supposed FBI call rein-
man I had talked to earlier was
31 but for Epstein. I didn’t think
Id both be working together and
nber at almost exactly the same
| this person that I had gotten a
1 didn’t tell him anything. The
ased to hear [that].
\e of Epstein’s lawyers (not Alan
then got Epstein on the line at
tis lawyer basically asked again
z. The clear implication was that
rere talking to me, I was afraid of
In't keep quiet. My thought was q

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022056
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029752.txt,"﻿From: jokeland@aol.com
To: jokeland@aol.com; 
Subject: a JokeLand E-Mail
Sent: 5/9/2015 7:17:32 PM




        A guy's walking down the boardwalk in Atlantic City and he runs into a hooker.
        He says, ""How much?""
        She says ""A hundred bucks.""
        He says, ""All right.""
        They climb down under the boardwalk and he bangs her. The next night, he runs into the same hooker, they go under the boardwalk, only this time while he's banging her, she blasts two incredible farts. When they get done, he hands her a hundred and twenty dollars.
        She says, ""What's the extra twenty?""
        He says, ""That's for blowing the sand off my balls.""



*********





Why don't sumo wrestlers shave their legs?
So they won't be mistaken for lesbians.

*********


        hiya ...
        it's beautiful and I already jumped into Long Island Sound!
        all's right with the world.
        ... well ...


        if you enjoy classic comedy stories ... please try this!
        me & Bill Maher, Eddie Murphy & The Jade Fountain in Paramus, New Jersey!
       The Hal Ennis Comedy Caravan, 1979 <http://www.jokeland.com/hal-ennis-comedy-caravan-1979/> 


        huge thanks to John Fugelsang & Penn Jillette & Jim Kerr & Mark Simone & Phoenix's Wild Jokers for helping me get the word out about my shtuff. love you all much ...
        please spread the word about The JokeLand E-Mail List <http://www.jokeland.com/>  ...
        ... and enjoy.
        Jackie   



*********

     What'd the duck say to the prostitute?
""Put it on my bill.""

*********

starting 8pm, Monday, July 13th!
and all Mondays thereafter forever!
""The Jackie Martling Show""
Broadway Comedy Club
318 West 53rd St. (8th & 9th)
New York New York
(212) 757-2323

*********


         Two drunks are on the subway.
         The first drunk says, ""Wh-what time is it?""
         The second drunk pulls out his cigarette lighter, looks at it, and says, ""I-it's April 9th.""
         The first drunk says, ""W-we should've got off at the last stop.""



*********
please follow me on Twitter!
get a new (?) joke every day at 4:20 pm EST ...
@JackieMartling

*********



        Mrs. Hartke comes home after visiting her relatives for two weeks and finds that her husband, who was too lazy to go to the supermarket, has eaten all the dog food in the house.
        She calls the doctor and says, ""Doc, you have to do something. My husband ate a half a case of dog food.""
        The doctor says, ""Relax, Mrs. Hartke, it can't hurt him. There's nothing to worry about.""
        The next day, the doctor answers his phone, and it's Mrs. Hartke.
        She says, ""Nothing to worry about, huh, doc? Well, I hope you're satisfied. My husband's dead.""
        The doctor says, ""Dead? From eating dog food? I can't understand it. What happened?""
        She says, ""He was lying in the driveway licking his balls and I backed the car over him.""



*******

8pm this Saturday, May 9th
The RRazz Room New Hope <https://www.vendini.com/ticket-software.html?e=4a310ee98514ce3f8e4c07be5fd4d4cc&t=tix> 
in The Ramada New Hope
6426 Lower York Road
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tickets (888) 596-1027
www.therrazzroom.com <https://www.vendini.com/ticket-software.html?e=4a310ee98514ce3f8e4c07be5fd4d4cc&t=tix> 

*******
9pm Saturday, May 16th
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130 Route 10
East Hanover, New Jersey
1-877-Uncle-Vin ... 1-877-862-5384
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*******



        A WalMart greeter's standing near the entrance with her clipboard when a really, really ugly woman comes in with two kids.
        The greeter says, ""Are they twins, ma'am?""
        She says, ""Of course not, they're five years apart. Why in the world would you think they was twins?""
        The greeter says, ""I couldn't believe anybody fucked you twice.""



*******

What do you do when a midget's missing?
Put his face on a carton of Half & Half.

*******

  it's The JokeLand E-Mail List! free yuks!
please tell everybody you know! free jokes!  free jokes! ...
by just e-mailing me, jokeland@aol.com

********

What's a gay guy's favorite time of day?
Ate a cock. 

********

Why'd the Siamese Twins move to England?
So the other guy'd get a chance to drive.

********



        Friedman calls the doctor and says, ""Doc, you gotta help me. A mouse ran up inside my wife.""
        The doctor says, ""I'll be right there. In the meantime, wave a piece of cheese between her legs.""
        The doctor races over, and when he comes in the door, Friedman's waving a herring between his wife's legs.
        The doctor says, ""What're you doing? I said to use a piece of cheese.""
         Friedman says, ""I know you did. But we have to get the cat out first.""



********

Why'd the guy marry a Siamese twin?
So he could hang his wife and a girl on the side.





********



        A pickle walks into a bar.
        The bartender says, ""What're you doing in here?""
        The pickle says, ""Well, for starters, I'm celebrating the fact that I can walk."" 



********

Why's ""bra"" singular and ""panties"" plural?
For the same reason that when you take a shit you actually leave one.

********

The World's Best Gifts! <http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as:off&rh=n:5174,k:jackie%20martling&keywords=jackie%20martling&ie=UTF8&qid=1424197160&rnid=2941120011&tag=viglink128354-20> 
they keep on giving!
all six of Jackie's Oglio <http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as:off&rh=n:5174,k:jackie%20martling&keywords=jackie%20martling&ie=UTF8&qid=1424197160&rnid=2941120011&tag=viglink128354-20>  joke CD's ...
The Joke Man, Sgt. Pecker, Hot Dogs & Donuts,
Come Again?, F. jackie & snart ...
are available on Amazon, iTunes,
and at Oglio.com <http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as:off&rh=n:5174,k:jackie%20martling&keywords=jackie%20martling&ie=UTF8&qid=1424197160&rnid=2941120011&tag=viglink128354-20> 

*********


        A dentist walks in with a needle to give Kasten a shot of Novocain.
        Kasten says, ""No way! No needles! I hate needles!""
        The dentist starts hooking up the nitrous oxide and Kasten says, ""No! No! I can't do the gas thing, either!""
        The dentist says, ""Can you take a pill?""
        Kasten says, ""Fine.""
        The dentist reaches into a drawer, takes out a pill and says, ""Here's a Viagra.""
        Kasten says, ""Wow. I didn't know Viagra worked as a pain killer.""
        The dentist says, ""It doesn't. But it'll going to give you something to hold on to while I'm yanking out your tooth.""



*********

Why don't Arabs circumcise their camels?
So they'll have a place to put their gum during a sandstorm.

*********

please follow me on Twitter!
get a new (?) joke every day at 4:20 pm EST ...
@JackieMartling

*********

How can a husband get his wife to stick her fingers in his asshole more often?
By pretending he doesn't enjoy it.





*********



        A big fat Polish lady pushes her car into a gas station.
        The mechanic says, ""What's the matter?
        She says, ""It conked out.""
        In a few minutes, it's purring like a kitten.
        She says, ""What's the story?""
        He says, ""Crap in the carburetor.""
        She says, ""How often do I have to do that?""



********

What'd the blonde say when she saw a guy walking two dogs?
""He must be really blind.""

********



        A frog goes into a bank and sits down in a chair next a desk that has a placard on it that says ""Seymour Paddywhack, Bank Officer.""
        He says, ""I need to borrow some money.""
        Mr. Paddywhack says, ""To do that, you'll need some collateral. What have you got?""
        The frog reaches into his bag, takes out a small plaster statue of Elvis and puts it on the desk.
        Mr. Paddywhack says, ""Is that all you have?""
        The frog says, ""Yeah.""
        Mr. Paddywhack says, ""Well, that won't do.""
        The frog says, ""I want to see the president.""
        Mr. Paddywhack leads the frog into the bank president's office, puts the little Elvis on his desk and says, ""This frog wants to borrow some money, the only collateral he has is this statue and I don't even know what it is.""
        The bank president says, ""It's a knick-knack, Paddywhack, give the frog a loan.""



********

The World's Best Gifts! <http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as:off&rh=n:5174,k:jackie%20martling&keywords=jackie%20martling&ie=UTF8&qid=1424197160&rnid=2941120011&tag=viglink128354-20> 
they keep on giving!
all six of Jackie's Oglio <http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as:off&rh=n:5174,k:jackie%20martling&keywords=jackie%20martling&ie=UTF8&qid=1424197160&rnid=2941120011&tag=viglink128354-20>  joke CD's ...
The Joke Man, Sgt. Pecker, Hot Dogs & Donuts,
Come Again?, F. jackie & snart ...
are available on Amazon, iTunes,
and at Oglio.com <http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as:off&rh=n:5174,k:jackie%20martling&keywords=jackie%20martling&ie=UTF8&qid=1424197160&rnid=2941120011&tag=viglink128354-20> 

*********



        A British guy comes home from work early and there's his wife on the living room floor with two guys. She's blowing one guy and the other guy is fucking her.
        He says, ""`Ello, `ello!""
        She says, ""So you're not speakin' to me, then?""



*********

Where would you find a turtle with no legs?
Right where you left him.

*********

What's fifteen inches long and hangs in front of an asshole?
Donald Trump's tie. 

*********

I call in regularly to the great podcast ""Keith & The Girl <http://www.keithandthegirl.com/> "" ...
... give them a listen!

... and huge thanks to Phil Iazetta &
iHeart Radio Comedy 24/7 <http://www.iheart.com/live/247-comedy-4902/>  ...
click to listen! <http://www.iheart.com/live/247-comedy-4902/> 
he plays me a-plenty ...

*********



        The Mother Superior's riding with a few nuns and they're all giggling.
        She says, ""Calm down, girls, or I'll put the seats back on those bikes."" 



*********

please follow me on Twitter!
get a new (?) joke every day at 4:20 pm EST ...
@JackieMartling

********

Why'd the shit cross the road?
The chicken forgot to wipe his ass. 

********

to hear endless jokes from all of my CDs,
get the Pandora or the Spotify app and type in ""Jackie Martling"" ...

********

What do you say to a blonde with a plaid dildo?
""Give me back my thermos.""  

*********

the $2.95 Guy <http://www.295guys.com/> s are the official supplier of all JokeLand tees <http://www.295guys.com/> 

*********





for great dirty jokes 24/7, Use Your Finger! (516) 922-WINE
free jokes for The Universe since 1979 ...
simply dial (516) 922-9463 ...
... not a pay service, just a regular call ...
36 years of free jokes!

*******



        Every night for twenty years, Irving Schwartz gets down on his knees and says, ""Lord, it's me, Irving Schwartz. I'm a good Jewish boy. One time, couldn't you let me win the lottery? One time? I'm good to my parents, I'm good to my children, I go to temple. Please, Lord, please, one time, let me win the lottery.""
        He's on his knees every night for twenty years.
        ""Lord, it's me, Irving Schwartz. Would you please let me, sometime, win the lottery?""
        Finally one night after twenty years, the heavens open up, and God says, ""Irv, if you want to win the lottery, you've got to buy a fucking ticket.""



********

this is  The JokeLand E-Mail List.
if you're not supposed to be on this train, please disembark & get off now.
... and please tell anybody who wants to get on to e-mail me,  jokeland@aol.com ...

********

What's hairy and bites necks?
Cunt Dracula. 

**********


        An old guy with Parkinson's goes into an ice-cream parlor and says, ""I-I'd like an ice cream, p-please ...""
        The girl behind the counter says, ""What flavor would you like?""
        The guy says, ""I-it don't matter, I-I'm gonna drop it anyway.""



*********



        Schneider walks into a shoe store and asks for a pair of size 8 tie shoes.
        The salesman says, ""But, sir, I can see from up here you're at least a size 11.""
        Schneider says, ""Just bring me a size 8 tie shoe.""
        The salesman brings them, Schneider stuffs his feet into them, ties them tight, stands up and winces.
        When he sees how confused the salesman is, he says, ""Listen, I lost my business and my house, I live with my mother-in-law, my wife is fucking my best friend, my daughter is pregnant and my son deals crystal meth. The only pleasure I have in life is taking off these fucking shoes.""



*********



        A midget's marooned on a desert island for fourteen years and finally one day he's rescued. When they get him to shore, they ask him what he'd like.
        He says, ""You know damn well what I'd like.""
        They take him to a brothel, he goes upstairs with a girl, they go in a room and they both get undressed. Then he puts on a condom, puts some cotton in each ear and puts a clothespin on his nose.
        The girl says, ""What the hell are you doing?""
        The midget says, ""If there's two things in this world that I hate, it's the sound of a woman screaming and the smell of burning rubber.""



*********



        Fugelsang says to the doctor, ""I'm thinking about having a vasectomy.""
        The doctor says, ""That's a pretty big decision. Have you talked it over with your family?""
        Fugelsang says, ""Yeah. They're in favor of it, fourteen to three.""



*********



        Two Spanish guys show up at The Gates of Heaven and the first one says, ""We want in.""
        St. Peter says, ""Let me go ask God.""
        He walks over to God and says, ""God, there are two Spanish guys at The Gates who want in.""
        God says, ""If they are good people, let them in.""
        St. Peter goes back to The Gates, and then comes back to God and says, ""They're gone.""
        God says, ""The Spanish guys?""
        St. Peter says, ""No. The Gates.""



*******



        A waiter brings a lady her clam chowder and she sees his thumb is hooked over the cup.
        She says, ""Waiter, you've got your thumb in my soup.""
        He says, ""Yeah. I got the arthritis, and the warm makes it feel much better.""
        She says, ""Well, why don't you just stick your thumb up your ass?""
        He says, ""That's what I do in the kitchen.""



********



        Two little old ladies are sitting at the slot machines in Atlantic City.
        The first one says, ""D-did you come on the bus?""
        The second one says, ""Yeah, b-but I made it look like an asthma attack.""



********

My ex-girlfriend ... what an asshole ...
... and her tits weren't bad, either.

********



        Cristiano says, ""Doc, I think I've got a sex problem. I can't get it up for my wife anymore.""
        The doctor says, ""Come back tomorrow and bring her with you.""
        The next day, Cristiano shows up with his wife.
        The doctor says to the wife, ""Take off your clothes and lie on the table.""
        She does it, and the doctor walks around the table a few times looking her up and down.
        He pulls Cristiano to the side and says, ""You're fine. She doesn't give me a hard-on, either.""




********

Did you hear about those new super-sensitive condoms?
After you fuck her, they stay and talk to her. 


********





What would you call a Chinese hooker with a huge vagina?
Gae Ping.





********
for the kids:

What would you call an elephant who never washes?
A smellyphant.

Why don't lobsters share?
Because they're shellfish.

Where do cows learn how to sing?
In moooosic class.

Knock, knock...
Who's there?
Cook ...
Cook who?
Cuckoo? What are you, a clock?

Why didn't the skeleton cross the road?
He didn't have any guts.

Why'd Melvin cut a hole in his brand new umbrella?
So he could see when it stopped raining.

Harry's mother says, ""Why are you crying, Harry?""
He says, ""Because my new sneakers hurt.""
She looks down and says, ""That's because you put them on the wrong feet.""
Harry says,  ""But these are the only feet I have.""

What should you do if your clothes are on fire?
Don't put them on.

END of KIDS' SECTION !

*********

There was a Chinee in China,
We thought was a very good climber ...
He slipped on a rock,
Fell and knocked off his cock,
Now that Chinaman's got a vagina.

********

Did you hear about the woman who died from eating too much peanut butter?
She stuck to the roof of her coffin.

*******



        A midget goes into a bar, and he's too short to see over, so he starts jumping up and down saying, ""A whiskey, please,""  ""A whiskey, please.""
        Nobody's taking care of him, so he keeps jumping up and down saying, ""A whiskey, please,""  ""A whiskey, please.""
        Finally he gets up on a chair, looks over and sees a midget bartender jumping up and down saying, ""With ice?"" ""With ice?""



*******
How many vaginas does it take to change a light bulb?
Just one, but is has to be very sticky.

******

    classic Rodney Dangerfield:
""Last night my wife met me at the door in sexy lingerie ...
... trouble is, she was coming home. ...""





*******

What's the difference between a white cow and a black cow?
A white cow goes, ""Moo,"" and a black cow goes, ""Moo out d' way.""

*******



        Schmidlap's been away on business and decides it'd be nice to bring his wife a gift.
        He goes into a store and the girl says, ""How about some perfume? This bottle is one hundred and fifty dollars.""
        He says, ""That's too much.""
        She says, ""This one's sixty dollars.""
        He says, ""Still too much. I'd like to see something really cheap."" 
        So she hands him a mirror.



*******

What's a cowboy call a cowgirl prostitute who won't go all the way?
A hired hand

*******



        Leeds is parking with a girl in the rain. It's very hot and stuffy and the windows are getting all steamed up, so he cracks open the passenger's side window.
        He moves over and starts fiddling with her, and she says, ""I'm getting wet,"" so he keeps fiddling, and she says, ""I'm getting wet,"" and he keeps fiddling.
        Finally she says, ""Will you close the fucking window? I'm getting wet.""



*******





thanks for enjoying the jokes ...
... if you didn't enjoy them,
I hope you find a used condom at the bottom of your mayonnaise jar ...





*******
please follow me on Twitter !
get a new (?) joke every day at 4:20 pm EST ...
@JackieMartling

*******

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for information on Jackie's shows,
you can always just ""Use Your Finger!""
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*******



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"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011842.txt,"/ BARAK / 85

Once it was clear to the Americans there would be no talks until the President
returned, however, Madeline began urging me to go see Arafat personally. The two
members of our team who were the least pessimistic about Camp David’s outcome,
Shlomo Ben-Ami and Yossi Ginossar, also said they thought it was a good idea. It
was they who’d pressed me to go see Arafat for tea and sweets earlier in the
summit. But that meeting had produced not even a glimmer of negotiating
flexibility from the Palestinian leader. Yossi had said at the time that it would help
the atmosphere, and pay dividends later on. But that hadn’t happened either.
“Madam Secretary,” I told Madeleine, “eating more baklava with Arafat isn’t
going to help. The situation is simple: he needs to answer whether he views the
President’s proposal as a basis for going forward.”

When Clinton returned, he promptly got back down to business: making one
last push to see whether a peace deal was possible. He phoned me around midnight
on the 24"" of July, a few hours after he’d arrived. He told me he had sent an even
more far-reaching package to Arafat, expanding on my proposals. Now, all of the
outer Arab neighborhoods in East Jerusalem would come under Palestinian
sovereignty, in addition to the Muslim and Christian quarters in the Old City. And
Arafat would be given “custodial sovereignty” over the Muslim holy sites on the
Temple Mount. I didn’t object. Though it was further than I felt I could go, it was
within the spirit of my “pocket deposit”. The same ground rules still applied: these
were American proposals, which the President was telling Arafat he would try to
deliver if he accepted them as a basis for serious negotiations. But when Clinton
phoned me back, around 3:15 in the morning, it was to tell me that Arafat had
again said no.

The curtain had finally come down. What remained now was to clear up the set.
I did meet Arafat once more, in a joint session with President Clinton, but only for
closing statements. The President and I spoke as much in sorrow and frustration as
anger. Both of us said we thought an historic agreement had been within our grasp,
and that far-reaching proposals had been tabled to make it possible. Arafat
responded with words both of us had heard before: effusive toward Clinton,
rhapsodic about his “old partner” Rabin and fulsome in his ostensible commitment
to keep trying for peace. But it was just words. We knew he was not willing even
to talk about the kind of compromises a real, final peace would require.

The President’s remarks to the media were, by the standards of post-summit
diplomacy, unmistakably clear in making that point. He praised me and the Israeli

371
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011842
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026461.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 12/2/2017 2:36:15 PM 
To: Larry Summers 
Subject: Re: A tax loophole for just Jeffrey Epstein? 
Importance: High 
after DJT actually signs it. I'll point out the location of the other eggs much more creative - overall though, 
the writers were very sophisticated. they closed many many loopholes, and did it elegantly. example closing 
all the 1031 crazy transactions by merely inserting the word"" real"" in from of the word property very 
clever, or not redoing the paragraph but merely changing the penalty to zero. . or detailing related party 
definitions that had teeth. . they cant be faulted for not getting it right -100 percent :) 
On Sat, Dec 2, 2017 at 9:30 AM, Larry Summers < > wrote: 
I don't know whether to laugh or cry 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Dec 2, 2017, at 9:29 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
like the hunt for easter eggs. your friend andrew has so far only found one . and it was brighly colored:) 
On Sat, Dec 2, 2017 at 9:23 AM, Larry Summers < > wrote: 
???? 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: 
Date: December 2, 2017 at 8:16:13 AM EST 
To: Lawrence Henry Summers < 
Subject: Fwd: A tax loophole for just Jeffrey Epstein? 
Did you see this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026461 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Andrew Friendly <11111111> 
Date: December 2,  2017 at 7:29:07 AM EST 
To: . > 
Subject: A tax loophole for just Jeffrey Epstein? 
https://wwwfacebook.com/senatorsanders/videos/10156545332157908/ 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026462 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019849.txt,"﻿SERIOUS MOONLIGHT
Behind the scenes at the 2017 Academy Awards with filmdom’s first lady of Oscar cheerleading (my close friends know I was captain of the twirlers in high school)

By Peggy Siegal

UPDATED: Tuesday at 6pm

Was this year different from all other years at the Oscars? 

In one way, it wasn't. A24's ""Moonlight"" won best picture because voters went for content over style. The win was for it’s poetic take on the American ideals that the Academy values most and wants reflected globally. History was also made as ""Moonlight"" became the first Oscar winner with an all black cast and addressed the LGBTQ community. And, it was a beautiful film. 

But on the other hand, Oscar voters were also dealing with a political and emotional crisis in the film industry. After two years of #OscarsSoWhite, they responded by nominating a record six African American actors, four African American producers and one African American director, Barry Jenkins, the fourth ever nominated in that category. Three films addressing race were nominated for best picture: “Fences,” “Hidden Figures” and “Moonlight.”

Lionsgate's ""La La Land"" was a joyous escape from months of simmering frustration and anger at Donald J. Trump, himself a creature of the entertainment industry. The charming and modern musical “La La” ‎danced its way to multiple awards from critics, at the PGA, the DGA, the BAFTA and the Venice Film Festival, a record seven Golden Globes, en route to an historic fourteen Academy Award nominations. Prognosticators predicted a ""La La” landslide. 

So what happened? Days before the voting deadline, ""La La Land"" was tripped-up by a last-minute backlash against frivolity. Even in La La Land, these are serious times. 

Backstage at the Dolby Theater, star-struck nitwit accountant Brian Cullinan, oblivious to the fact that the Oscars are a sacred secular ceremony and distracted while tweeting a photo of Emma Stone, handed Warren Beatty the wrong envelope. Chaos—and headlines—ensued. Tweets, chaos and headlines? It was all too Trump for words. 

When I arrived at the Dolby Theater that night, I asked a dateless Andrew Garfield to take me onto the red carpet with him, to the chagrin of his publicist. But a security guard rejected me because my ticket was the wrong color. Andrew winked, laughed and disappeared. Undaunted, I went back to the curb to find another walker. As I stood at the limo drop-off, inconspicuous in a day-glow orange satin dress, Kelly Bush, a publicist I knew‎ from last year's ""The Revenant"" campaign, sidled over and said, ""There is going to be an upset. ‘Moonlight’ is winning.""

On cue, “La La Land” producer Marc Platt arrived with the studs on his formal shirt popping off. As I nervously fiddled in his buttonholes, I blurted, ""Kelly Bush just said ‘Moonlight’ is winning.” Marc turned white. 

The red carpet was a three lane highway. The speed lane was for the super stars, the middle for frantic handlers, and on the right was the schlepper lane for relatives and relative nobodies. Four security guards escorted me there. ‎By the time Marc and I met again at the end of the three prong red carpet, ""La La Land"" publicist and West Coast campaign queen Lisa Taback was furious I’d told the shaken producer his film might lose. I said, ""Kelly Bush said that, not me."" But I felt terrible. 

Sure enough, the “La La” landslide never happened. It did win a spectacular six Oscars before Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway walked to center stage for the best picture finale. 
I was now standing against the wall at the first row of the first balcony. Lionsgate publicists Julie Fontaine and Jennifer Peterson, both dressed in haute couture gowns and borrowed emeralds, anxiously insisted I join their good luck group hug as best picture was announced. Despite my faux pas, and my work on most of the year’s top films, including “Moonlight,” “Manchester by the Sea” and “Hidden Figures,” Oscar night I was in the “La La” camp due to my long friendship with it’s director Damien Chazelle.

So we three bejeweled broads were hugging tightly, when Faye broke Warren’s pregnant pause and screamed ""La La Land"". The girls cried, the “La La” producers ran to the stage and I was thinking about how to apologize to Marc Platt as he thanked his family. Then, the stage filled up with men in headsets. Producer Jordan Horowitz, the class act of the evening, grabbed the right card and calmly announced ""Moonlight. No Joke."" ‎ Platt, Horowitz and their co-producer Fred Berger handed their Oscars to Moonlight director Barry Jenkins, and producers Jeremy Kleiner and Adele Romanski and left the stage as Mahershala Ali, the first Muslim actor to get the gold guy, joined the cast waving his historic Oscar. 

Julie and Jennifer ran to Soho House to oversee Lionsgate's victory party, where hundreds of confused well-wishers waited to celebrate the “La La” wins, including Emma Stone’s best actress, Justin Hurwitz’s best score, and Benj Pasek, Justin Paul and Justin Hurwitz’s best song for “City of Stars.” At 32, Damien Chazelle also made history as the youngest best director ever. Some, lacking any empathy for the winners and losers onstage, called this historic screw-up ""great live-television.” But standing in the balcony, alone and speechless, all I could think was, “How did I miss this?”

I ran to the Governor's Ball, which is the next stop for winners on their busy night. They get their statues engraved there before they drop by their studio’s party, get photographed, Oscar in hand at Vanity Fair’s fete, wall-to-wall with celebrities, and then head to Guy Oseary's home high in Beverly Hills to rock-and-roll ‘till dawn.

At the entrance to the Governor's Ball, Warren Beatty walked up to me, still holding the two priceless envelopes as proof of his innocence. I asked him, ""What happened?"" 

His phone rang. It was so noisy, he bent toward me to hear better. The phone was almost in my face and I heard Annette Benning asking where he was and saying, ""Warren, come home."" ‎ Warren said, ""No. I have done nothing wrong."" 

Warren's wonderful film, ""Rules Don't Apply"" received little Academy love, yet he was generous enough to show up. Now, fifty years after “Bonnie and Clyde,” he was in the Oscar spotlight again, the latest unwitting star of Oscar’s all-time blooper reel. As Jimmy Kimmel said, “We don’t have to watch reality shows anymore because we are living in one.” 

Here’s reality-show Oscar week as I lived it:

Tuesday, February 21st

I checked into Jeff Klein's Sunset Tower Hotel still exhausted from last weekend's oh-so-grand birthday extravaganza thrown by fun loving billionaire Stephen Schwarzman in Palm Beach—and headed straight to Charles Finch's photo exhibition, ""The Art of Behind the Scenes,"" to see rare candid on-set photos of Audrey Hepburn, Brigitte Bardot, Grace Kelly and Ava Gardner.

Oscar balloting had closed an hour earlier, and IndieWire's Oscar blogger Anne Thompson announced that a female friend had voted for all the diverse and minority nominees. This first hint of things to come didn’t register as a bell ringer for best picture. Spotted: Jean Pigozzi, Brett Ratner and Paul Haggis.

Back at The Sunset Tower Bar, diminutive maitre d' Dmitri Dimitrov slid up to me, cupped his hands in prayer and whispered, ""Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper are in the corner booth with Warner Bros. Sue Kroll."" They were talking about their remake of ""A Star is Born"" going into production within the month. 

At the next table was Ryan Murphy, creator of the multi-award winning FX mini-series ""The People vs. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story,” eating with his muse Sarah Paulson, who won countless awards for portraying Marcia Clark. I joked that the Oscar nominated documentary ""O.J.: Made in America"" from ESPN would win because voters thought both films are the same. 

Wednesday, February 22nd

I met Adam Lindemann and museum director Michael Govan at LACMA’s The Inner Eye: Vision and Transcendence in African Art. Michael and I discussed the struggle to diversify the Academy. He told me that at LACMA he’d hired women, African American and Latino curators years before. 

Vanity Fair Editor-in-Chief Graydon Carter and Barneys hosted a private dinner for ""La La Land"" at the Chateau Marmont. Graydon always tries to entertain the winning film. Drinks around the pool were followed by a seated dinner for fifty in a bungalow. Emma Stone brought her mother. Handsome hotelier Andre Balazs darts around. Ryan Gosling stayed home with his girlfriend Eva Mendes and their two baby girls. Emma talked about her next film ""Battle of the Sexes."" She plays Billie Jean King opposite Steve Carell, an excellent tennis player in real life, as Bobby Riggs. 

Damien Chazelle came late from a dinner for the nominated directors. The Academy hosts a series of secret dinners during Oscar week for key nominees to keep them away from sponsors who profit from their celebrity. They also want to protect their own sponsor, ABC-TV, with exclusivity and audience surprise. 

Thursday, February 23rd

Larry Gagosian's annual Oscar-week art opening is always a hot ticket. Serious collectors blended in unnoticed among the mere lookers and pretty gallerists quietly pointing out one glorious Joe Bradley painting after another. Each costs a cool million and between 6:00pm and 8:00pm they are all sold. Buyers and Larry's close friends then migrate down the block to Mr. Chow. Elton John and David Furnish, Jonah Hill, Dakota Johnson, Sharon Stone, NBCUniversal's Ron Meyer, Gus Van Sant, Emily Ratajkowski, Dasha Zhukova, artists Alex Israel, Harmony Korine and Dan Colen, rocker Robbie Robertson and Page Six’s Ian Mohr dig into orange chicken on sticks. Larry's girls come around and slip his home address onto laps. This means you have made the cut to attend Larry's after party at his house. 

Ian and I head to Paul Haggis' intimate Artist for Peace and Justice benefit dinner for 65 at the LA club No Name‎ where a great time set guests back $2,500 for Haiti. We arrive just in time to hear Jeff Bridges sing a song from ""Crazy Heart"", Jack Black recall ""School of Rock "" and Rita Wilson sing ABBA's ""Dancing Queen"". Jackson Browne is the master of ceremonies. 

I end up at A24's party at the Sunset Tower for their films ""20th Century Woman"" and ""Moonlight"". Barry Jenkins wants to know if he is winning the Oscar. I chirp, ""Yes, best adapted screenplay is all yours!"" Not the answer he was looking for. I should have said, ""Yes, you will win best picture, make history and bring the house down‎."" I would have looked like a genius. 

Finally, I speak to Janelle Monae, who is absolutely stunning. She also wants to know if ""Hidden Figures"" is winning the Oscar. I assure her that her real win was at the box office. 

Before passing out in my Sunset Tower suite, I email Damien Chazelle a social wrap-up on the evening, as he is now sick as a dog, in bed with his dog and has had visiting nurses injecting fluids into his flu-infested body all day. 

He, too, asks if he is winning the Oscar. I write, ""It's not if, but how many"". 

Friday, February 24

I’m a gal hell bent on making a fashion statement with every outing, who runs her business from the back seat of a chauffeured black Cadillac with the license plate PEG-FILM. So marching or attending a protest rally is not the likely place to find me. But when I read the United Talent Agency's United Voice Rally was happening at their Beverly Hills headquarters--2,000 of the creative community’s best looking turning out on a gorgeous afternoon to stand together for freedom of speech, and against exclusion and division, it was an invitation I couldn’t refuse. This is a substitute for UTA’s traditional pre-Oscar party--and the ten percenters donated and raised $320,000 for the American Civil Liberties Union and the International Rescue Committee. CEO Jeremy Zimmer and clients Jodie Foster and Michael J. Fox speak passionately. 

The surprise highlight is taped remarks from Iranian filmmaker Asghar Farhadi, nominated for ""The Salesman"". Farhadi made international headlines announcing he would not travel to Hollywood in protest of President Trump's proposed travel ban on seven Muslim countries. Some Oscar voters do not see all five nominated foreign films, so Trump assured Asghar his Oscar. 

I stop by the Women in Film cocktail party at Nightingale Plaza where Meryl Streep announces, ""I feel like never saying anything again."" We hear last year's best actress Brie Larson and activist/documentary nominee Ava DuVernay speak. Back at the Sunset Tower, Livia and Colin Firth host their annual dinner for 50 to celebrate The Green Carpet Challenge and The Journey to Sustainable Luxury. Spotted: Emma Stone, Meryl Streep, Ruth Negga, Kevin Bacon, Tom Ford, Salma Hayek, and Mick Jagger. Kyra Sedgwick arrives late from directing her first film, ""Story of a Girl,"" starring her husband Kevin Bacon. Kyra sits with Meryl over coffee and says how exciting it is to direct. When I ask Meryl if she will join the minute ranks of female directors, the acting icon says, ""Never. My job is done at the end of the day. I like to go home at night and let someone else worry about tomorrow's location."" 

Friday ends at the CAA party, a tough ticket now handed out by Maha Dahkil and Michael Kives. The white tent is filled with a sea of celebrity. Every CAA client comes out to eat, mingle, kibbitz and dance. Spotted: Meryl Streep (yes, she had a busy day too), Leonardo DiCaprio, Scarlett Johansson, Gwyneth Paltrow, Orlando Bloom, Jerry Bruckheimer, J.J. Abrams, Ron Howard, Naomi Watts, Mick Jagger, Lady Gaga, Barry Jenkins, John Mayer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Kate Hudson, Jon Hamm and Jeff Bezos.

At 2 a.m. I email Damien Chazelle another party report as he is still sick in bed. Now, a team of medical talent is working on getting him well for Oscar night.

Saturday, February 25

I march down to the Academy's theater to hear my producer friend (since ""Diner""), Mark Johnson, also an Academy governor, conduct a symposium for four of five nominated foreign film directors. ‎ As brilliant as the conversation was, four guys from Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden depressingly knew that the absent Iranian Asghar Farhadi was winning. 

I took Mark, instead of the still-quarantined Damien Chazelle, up Coldwater Canyon to Barry Diller and Diane von Furstenberg's annual picnic lunch for Graydon Carter and Anna Scott. This gathering of the powerful and mighty occurs at exactly the same time as the Independent Spirit Awards for young and new talent. The two hot owners of A24, David Fenkel and Daniel Katz, are so sure their ""Moonlight"" was winning all six awards they are here instead of the Spirit Award’s tent on the beach in Santa Monica. When asked, ""What are you doing here?” they simultaneously say, ""Our people are there."" The reason they were on the lawn for the first time is that they have a new television and film production deal with Diller. 

‎It's all very familiar, cozy and the best party of the week. Collectively there are more Oscar and Emmy winners on this lawn than will file into the Dolby Theater on Sunday. 

I sit with petite Gloria Cooper, mother of Bradley. She is the only one wearing a hat, a large white felt fedora hiding enormous black sunglasses and her pretty face. I entertain Gloria with local gossip, which she loves, but when I ask her for details on the start of production for ""A Star is Born,"" I get nothing. 

I ask guests, ""Who is winning best actor""?  They reply, ""Denzel, but I voted for Casey"". Casey, who touched my heart on and off screen, ran in a tight race with humility, despite a nasty whisper campaign against him. I never asked about best picture. I'm still in thrall to the conventional wisdom: It's a ""La La"" landslide.


Rupert Murdoch brings his bride Jerry Hall who kisses and chats with Mick Jagger as the lawn people try to eavesdrop. Spotted: DvF's kids Alexander and Tatiana, Sir Howard Stringer, Oliver Stone, Ted Sarandos, Brett Ratner, Ron Meyer, Tom Ford, Larry Gagosian and Chrissie Erpf, Jeffrey Katzenberg, George Stevens, Jr., Toby Maguire, Sandy Gallin, Robert Kraft, Harvey Weinstein and breathtakingly beautiful Georgina Chapman, Lynn Wyatt, Fran Lebowitz, Henry Kravis, Jeff and Scott Berg and Irwin Winkler.

Another favorite event is Charles Finch's star-studded dinner at Madeo‎ sponsored by Chanel. I sit next to Amazon’s Roy Price and Oliver Stone, who sits next to Michael Keaton. I bring over Pharrell Williams to meet Oliver Stone, director of “Snowden” and “JFK.” The conversation segwayed from Hillary Clinton to Oliver’s new documentary on Putin. 

Lily Collins comes over and asks to be introduced to Mick Jagger at the table next to us. She says, ""Tell Mick my father says ‘hello.’"" Lily is the daughter of Phil Collins and starred in Warren Beatty's ""Rules Don't Apply"". Mick, never one to pass up a flirt with an Audrey Hepburn look-alike, ‎whispers in her ear that he loved her in the film and was on the set, but sadly missed her.

Spotted: Nicole Kidman, Naomi Watts, Christian Louboutin, Kristen Stewart, Ruth Negga and “Arrival” director Denis Villeneuve. 

Wendy Stark, daughter of ""Funny Girl"" producer Ray Stark and granddaughter of Fanny Brice, invited me to Jeffrey Katzenberg's Night Before Party on the Fox lot for the Motion Picture Home. Walking around with Linda and Jerry Bruckheimer, I kiss David O. Russell and Colleen Camp. Brian D'Arcy James tells me he may return to his original role in ""Hamilton"" as King George. I go home with the heaviest swag bag in the world.


Sunday, Feb. 26th

The shocking end of the Oscar show continues to mystify me. How could I be so close to every filmmaker and totally miss the upset? 

Because Damien is still sick, he begs off on his invitation to take me to Guy Oseary's—and heads back to bed. As I stand at the end of the Vanity Fair ‎carpet at the entrance to the Wallis Annenberg Center, Casey Affleck arrives holding his Oscar. I ask him to replace Damien as my escort and he says, ""Of course. I am leaving in 15 minutes. Don't lose me.” Casey then sends me off to find Jimmy Kimmel, who has already left the party. Fifteen minutes turns into an hour as everyone wants a selfie with the winner. 

Spotted from “Moonlight”: Barry Jenkins, Mahershala Ali, Naomie Harris, Jeremy Kleiner. From “La La Land” Emma Stone and John Legend. From “Manchester by the Sea”, Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Lucas Hedges and Kenny Lonergan. From “Hidden Figures”: Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer and Pharrell Williams, and “Fences” Oscar winner Viola Davis. Also swirling around the room: Brie Larson, Dakota Fanning, Elton John, Amy Adams, Jennifer Aniston, Javier Bardem, Michael Shannon, Alicia Vikander, Scarlett Johansson, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Halle Berry, Isabelle Huppert, Michelle Dockery, Faye Dunaway, Andrew Garfield, Dakota Johnson, Mick Jagger and family, Kelly Ripa, and Patty and Lydia Hearst. I find exhausted Oscar show producers Jennifer Todd and Mike De Luca and tell them what a wonderful job they did. 

On the way out, a familiar looking lady keeps waving and smiling at Casey as we wait in the cold for cars. I say, ""Casey, that is Monica Lewinsky waving at you."" Casey is unfazed; he can’t wait to get out of the spotlight. Once we reach the Checkpoint Charlie to Guy's party, a team of girls wrapped in wool instructs the driver to lower the window and asks for a name. Casey, holding up the Oscar says, ""Affleck.” She says, ""You only have a plus one."" The real deal is, if you win, you can bring a car full of friends—and eventually we’re cleared for takeoff. Once inside we lose each other in the darkness and pulsating Caribbean music. I get home at 5:00am, pack my three huge suitcases and rush off to the private airport in Van Nuys, still wondering how I could have missed “Moonlight”’s triumph. Why couldn’t I see the forest through the trees? I must have been in La La-land. 

xoxo,
Peggy

P.S. The following weekend I arrive in the Dominican Republic at Casa de Campo at the home of sugar baron Pepe Fanjul and his wife Emilia. Juan Carlos, the past king of Spain, wants to watch a few movies with me. I pulled a dozen DVDs out of my bag and say, ""Your Majesty, which one""?  He says, ""First, ""La La Land"" for fun, then ""Moonlight"" because it won, then ""The Founder"" for American ingenuity.”






"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030282.txt,"15

Allawi's Iragiya bloc, or whether different parties, or sects, would
rotate within its leadership in future years.

Iraqis need to decide whether the council's leader will always be a
Shi'ite, given that Allawi is Shi'ite, or whether Sunnis, Kurds and
Christians will be entitled to compete for the post. If the new council
will have powers equal to that of the prime minister, will it become
part of the sectarian division of power in Iraq? Will it become a
permanent seat that is given to the ""second runner up"" in any
parliamentary election? And what will its status become if Allawi
becomes prime minister one day?

Would it stay with Allawi's team or will it go to the ""defeated""
coalition in parliament? If this is the case, it needs to be said, either in
writing or gentleman's agreement; especially that in today's case,
Allawi's team is not a minority in parliament, but actually, the
coalition with the largest number of seats.

Sami Moubayed is a university professor, historian, and editor-in-
chief of Forward Magazine in Syria.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030282
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024995.txt,"38

When a young man at a town-hall meeting in Kyrgyzstan asks Hillary
which designers she wears, she answers immediately: “Would you
ever ask a man that question?” The crowd of young people laughed
and applauded. Hillary and Bill like to vacation at Oscar de la
Renta’s Punta Cana resort, in the Dominican Republic, but she
wasn’t about to mention that, or venture that Vera Wang designed
Chelsea’s wedding dress. Like Albright and Rice, Hillary wants
women’s issues to be substantive. “All the young men on our staff
don’t seem to think they’re important,” Hillary remarked archly one
day in 2009, an early sign of the schisms to come. To reinforce the
message she named Verveer, her former chief of staff in the White
House, to be the first ambassador-at-large for global women’s issues.
Even amid the Sturm und Drang of the Middle East and North Africa,
she’s liable to leave her imprint in the same areas that brought her
into public life in the first place—helping women and children and
strengthening civil society. It’s a straight line from the Children’s
Defense Fund, where she worked as a young law-school graduate, to
Foggy Bottom. From micro-credit to food assistance to education,
Hillary knows that women in underdeveloped villages usually spend
aid money on their families, while men more often spend it on
themselves, which is a polite way of saying on liquor and prostitutes.
Seemingly minor changes can yield huge benefits. “As we meet ... as
many as three billion people are gathering around open fires or old
and inefficient stoves in small kitchens in poorly ventilated houses,”
Hillary tells a New York philanthropic audience. “As the women
cook, smoke fills their lungs and toxins begin poisoning them and
their children,” she explains before noting that the World Health
Organization estimates that nearly two million people a year—half of
them children—die from pneumonia and other ailments that are likely
connected to this problem, more than twice the number of deaths
from malaria. She has been involved in this cause for years, but now

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024995
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020641.txt,"182

Media

The UK media have long been important international sources of information and
insight on China, reporting independently and critically. While independent reporting
continues, Chinese official media have become more influential in the United Kingdom
and internationally through their UK presence. Primarily, they have expanded their
operations and reach. For example, the re-branded China Global Television Network
Europe Ltd (CGTN), headquartered in London, is seeking to increase activities and
China Daily now distributes its China Watch “supplement” as an advertisement inside
the respected conservative newspaper the Daily Telegraph. The UK and Chinese
governments have also concluded a Television Co-Production Agreement that provides
a framework under which TV producers in both countries can share resources but have
to respect “stipulations in the relevant Party’s law and regulations.”

Given the United Kingdom's special historical relationship with Hong Kong, the
central authorities’ heavy influence on the Hong Kong media and the deterioration of
media freedom in Hong Kong are of relevance in the United Kingdom, where the case
of rising self-censorship at the South China Morning Post, for example, has been noted.”
According to confidential reports, some journalists who have left Hong Kong for the
United Kingdom have encountered intimidation attempts.

The effects of media-influencing activities taking place in the United Kingdom are
hard to assess. Critical reporting continues, but the rise of commercial ventures
transporting censorship into the United Kingdom looks set to continue too. For the
moment, increasingly difficult access to information and insight in China, as a result
of domestic repression, is at least as great a problem as attempts to influence or repress
remotely in the United Kingdom.

The Economy

For years, the United Kingdom was a bit of an outlier in its openness to Chinese
investment and its willingness to grant Chinese firms, even state-owned ones, access to
its critical infrastructure. Nonetheless, there is now growing concern in London about
China’s ability to leverage its growing economic power into political influence and to
use its riches to buy, borrow, or steal key Western technologies that sit at the heart of
Western economies.

In partnership with France and Germany, the UK government has also introduced
mechanisms to monitor and block Chinese takeovers of high-technology companies in
sensitive sectors.'® The three nations also support efforts to tighten EU-wide regulations
to govern Chinese investment so that Chinese entities cannot exploit the weaker
regulatory systems of some European countries to gain access to potentially sensitive

Appendix 2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020641
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026513.txt,"communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026513
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012393.txt,"power."" Id. at 13.

2) Memorandum from the Congressional Research Service to the Committee on Government
Operations concerning “The Executive's Duty to Enforce the Laws"" (Feb. 6, 1985), reprinted in
Constitutionality of GAO's Bid Protest Function: Hearings Before a Subcomm. of the House Comm.
on Government Operations, 99th Cong., Ist Sess. 544 (1985): This memorandum stated that the
President lacks the authority to decline to enforce statutes. The CRS argued that ""[t]he refusal of the
President to execute the law is indistinguishable from the power to suspend the laws. That power, as is
true of the power to amend or to revive an expired law, is a legislative power."" Id. at 554.

Cases (not included in the submitted materials)

1) Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 (1926): The President refused to comply with -- that is, enforce
-- a limitation on his power of removal that he regarded as unconstitutional, even though the question
had not been addressed by the Supreme Court. A member of Congress, Senator Pepper, urged the
Supreme Court to uphold the validity of the provision. The Supreme Court vindicated the President's
interpretation without any member of the Court indicating that the President had acted unlawfully or
inappropriately in refusing to enforce the removal restriction based on his belief that it was
unconstitutional.

2) United States v. Lovett, 328 U.S. 303 (1946): The President enforced a statute that directed him to
withhold compensation from three named employees, even though the President believed the law to be
unconstitutional. The Justice Department argued against the constitutionality of the statute in the
ensuing litigation. (The Court permitted an attorney to appear on behalf of Congress, amicus curiae, to
defend the statute.)

3) INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983): This case involved the withholding of citizenship from an
applicant pursuant to a legislative veto of an Attorney General decision to grant citizenship. Despite a
Carter Administration policy against complying with legislative vetoes (see Carter Presidential
memorandum, supra), the executive branch enforced the legislative veto, and, in so doing, allowed for
judicial review of the statute. As with Lovett, the Justice Department argued against the
constitutionality of the statute.

4) Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654 (1988): The President viewed the independent counsel statute as
unconstitutional. The Attorney General enforced it, making findings and forwarding them to the
Special Division. In litigation, however, the Justice Department attacked the constitutionality of the
statute and left its defense to the Senate Counsel, as amicus curiae, and the independent counsel
herself. ,

5) Freytag v. Commissioner, 501 U.S. 868 (1991): A unanimous Court ruled that the appointment of
special trial judges by the Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court did not violate the Appointments
Clause. Five Justices concluded that the Tax Court was a ""Court of Law"" for Appointments Clause
purposes, despite the fact that it was an Article I court, so that the Tax Court could constitutionally
appoint inferior officers. Four Justices, in a concurrence by Justice Scalia, contended that the Tax Court
was a ""Department"" under the Appointments Clause. The concurrence stated that ""Court of Law"" did
not include Article I courts and that the Framers intended to prevent Congress from having the power
both to create offices and to appoint officers. In this regard, the concurrence stated that ""it was not
enough simply to repose the power to execute the laws (or to appoint) in the President; it was also
necessary to provide him with the means to resist legislative encroachment upon that power. The
means selected were various, including a separate political constituency, to which he alone was
responsible, and the power to veto encroaching laws, see Art. I, § 7, or even to disregard them when
they are unconstitutional."" Id. at 906 (Scalia, J., concurring).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012393
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IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025453.txt,"Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025453
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023701.txt,"6 | WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2013

Views
Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream

OBAMA MEETS
XI JINPING
American
policy makers
must under-
stand that the
new Chinese
leader needs to
bea
nationalist to
be a reformer.

Robert Lawrence Kuhn

BEWING What to make of Xi Jinping,
China’s new senior leader, who holds
his first summit meeting this week with
President Barack Obama?

The hope is that Xiis a reformer who
will guide China through domestic
transformation and to responsible
statecraft. The fear is that Xiis ana-
tionalist, who has set China on an ag-
gressive course of bullying its neigh-
bors and confronting the United States.

The fear seems not unfounded. China
has intensified its territorial claims,
from island disputes with Japan to vast
areas of the South China Sea.

Xi frequently inspects People’s Liber-
ation Army forces, especially naval
fleets, exhorting China’s military to
“get ready to fight and to win wars”’
and “to win regional warfare under
LT.-oriented conditions.”

Xi holds China’s top three positions:
head of the ruling Communist Party of
China, head of state, and, as chairman
of the Central Military Commission,
head of the military. He will likely lead
China for a decade.

Just after becoming party chief in late
2012, Xi announced what would become
the hallmark of his administration. ‘“‘The
Chinese Dream,’ he said, is “‘the great
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.”

Xi’s Chinese Dream is described as
achieving the ‘““Two 100s”’: the material
goal of China becoming a ‘‘moderately
well-off society”’ by about 2020, the
100th anniversary of the Chinese Com-
munist Party, and the modernization
goal of China becoming a fully de-
veloped nation by about 2049, the 100th
anniversary of the People’s Republic.

The Chinese Dream has four parts:
Strong China (economically, politically,
diplomatically, scientifically, militar-
ily); Civilized China (equity and fair-
ness, rich culture, high morals); Har-
monious China (amity among social
classes); Beautiful China (healthy en-
vironment, low pollution).

“A moderately well-off society” is
where all citizens, rural and urban, en-
joy high standards of living. This in-
cludes doubling the 2010 G.D.P. per cap-
ita (approaching $10,000 per person) by
about 2020 and completing urbanization
(roughly one billion people, 70 percent
of China’s population) by about 2030.

“Modernization” means China re-
gaining its position as a world leader in
science and technology as well as in eco-
nomics and business; the resurgence of
Chinese civilization, culture and mili-
tary might; and China participating ac-
tively in all areas of human endeavor.

If Xi’s nationalism seems at odds
with these grand goals, it is not. Here
are six reasons why:

International Herald Cribune

THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES

« Need to consolidate power. Xi was not
selected by Deng Xiaoping, the archi-
tect of reform, as were his predecessors
(Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao), and he
was not elected by the people. Conven-
tional wisdom had it that Xi would be a
weak leader. In order to realize his
Chinese Dream, Xi needs to assert
strength and assure control. So far, he
has exceeded expectations.

« Need to enable reform. Xi and Premier
Li Keqiang are determined to enact far-
reaching economic reforms, the most
extensive in 15 years, but there is stiff
resistance from those whose domi-
nance would be diminished and bene-
fits cut (such as state-owned enter-
prises with ties to party power).

This resistance can no longer be
couched credibly in terms of ideology,
so it appeals to nationalistic aspirations
by accusing reformers of ‘worshipping
Western ways,” “glorifying Western
models” or ‘‘caving in to Western pres-
sures,”’ Xi’s proactive nationalism is a
strategy of ‘‘offense is the best de-
fense’’ — an inoculation, as it were,
against the political virus of being
labeled ‘‘soft’’ or “pro-Western.”

Reformers in China are generally as-
sociated with pro-American attitudes
and thus subject to fierce public crit-
icism. By establishing himself as a na-
tionalist operating independently of the
United States (his first foreign trip was
to Russia), Xiis able to secure econom-
icreforms by distinguishing them from
serving Western/American interests.

* Need to legitimze one-party rule. To
perpetuate its rule (which China’s top
leaders truly believe is essential for the
well-being of the country), the Chinese
Communist Party has constructed a
grand narrative that is founded on
three critical claims: Only the Commu-
nist Party can continue to improve cit-
izen’s standard of living (and amelior-
ate severe social and economic
disparities); only the party can main-
tain a stable, unified country and con-
struct a happy, harmonious society;
and only the party can effect the ‘“‘reju-
venation of the Chinese nation,” which
stresses a firm command of ‘‘core in-
terests’’ (i.e., sovereignty and territori-
ality) and increasing global respect.

* Maintain stability through unity.
China faces numerous internal ten-
sions, especially a class-divided popu-
lace (rich-poor, urban-rural, coastal-in-
land) that have erupted within one
generation. Moreover, an increasingly
complex society can fracture along mul-
tiple fault lines. Pollution, corruption,
healthcare, housing, migrant workers,
workers’ wages, social cynicism, chan-
ging values, among other raging issues,

EDITORIAL OPINION

threaten to tragment society — and all
are exacerbated by an energetic social
media. Only nationalism, which reson-
ates intrinsically and passionately
across Chinese society, can provide suf-
ficiently strong social glue.

© Differentiate from predecessors. Top
Chinese leaders must combine historic-
al continuity with their own distin-
guishing theories and practices. How
shall Xi fare?

Economic growth rates must decline,
and a host of domestic tensions (or
crises) are coming his way, such as
public anger at corruption and resis-
tance to pollution. Hence another ra-
tionale for nationalism.

In the past, nationalistic surges were
triggered largely by external events
(such as NATO's accidental bombing of
the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade in
1999). Xiis putting nationalism at the
core of his leadership — his nationalism
is proactive, riding the high road of pa-
triotism and pride.

* Personal beliefs. Xi has deep-seated
patriotic convictions, the product of
family, life and career. His father, Xi
Zhongxun, was a founder of the new
China and a leading reformer under
Deng Xiaoping. In 2006, when Xi Jin-
ping was party secretary of Zhejiang
Province, he told me about Chinese
pride and patriotism as motivating
China’s historic resurgence — words
remarkably similar to his recent pro-
nouncements.

So is Xiareformer? A nationalist?
The answer is that he is both, because
only by being a nationalist can he be a
reformer. American policy makers must
understand Xi’s nationalism so that
when the reigning superpower meets
the rising superpower, both can benefit.

ROBERT LAWRENCE KUHN is an international
investment banker and the author, most
recently, of ‘How China's Leaders Think:
The Inside Story of China's Reform and
What This Means for the Future.”

GLOBAL VIEWPOINT/TRIBUNE MEDIA SERVICES

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023701
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020899.txt,"PPACA: A Detailed Drilldown into Costs of Recent Healthcare Reform Is Key

as it May Increase Budget Deficit...

e Congressional Budget Office expects Reform to /ower the deficit by $143
billion during 2010-19
- Gross cost of $938 billion for expanded coverage, per CBO.
- Less: $511 billion in spending cuts from lower Medicare reimbursement rate + $420
billion in tax revenues (excl. excise tax) from higher payroll tax rates on high-income
families and indoor tanning services + $149 billion in penalty payments by

employers/individuals and excise tax on “Cadillac” insurance plans with annual cost
exceeding $10,000 for individual / $28,000 for families.

KP Source: CBO.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 115

PPACA —

Verdict Is Still Out on Eventual Costs / Deficit Impact

e Issues With Official Cost Estimates to Consider
- Deficit neutral status somewhat reliant on future lawmakers’ willingness to implement Medicare
savings/reimbursement reductions:

e Reductions in payment rates for many types of Healthcare providers relative to the rates that
would have been paid under prior law (always a politically difficult decision).

e However the good news is that recommendations from the Independent Payment Advisory
Board focused on reducing growth in per capita Medicare spending if it exceeds target
automatically become the law without congressional intervention if Congress allows IPAB to
operate as planned.

- CBO estimates the effects of proposals as written: CBO acknowledges that it is unclear whether
reform can actually reduce the annual growth rate in Medicare spending from 4% (historical
average) to 2% for the next two decades, as PPACA estimates assume.

- Relies on excise taxes on sectors of the healthcare industry that could be passed through to
consumers via price increases.

- Starting in 2018, assumes taxation of high premium employment-based health insurance plans.

e Opportunities For Cost Savings to Consider
- Increased access to preventative care could potentially slow down overall healthcare cost growth.
Such potential effect is not captured in CBO scoring.

- Investments in information technology and new provider & consumer incentives can drive better
and more efficient care.

KP Source: Morgan Stanley Healthcare Research.
a USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 116

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020899
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030813.txt,"Eye on the Market | July 11, 2011 J.P Morgan

Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)

The material contained herein is intended as a general market commentary. Opinions expressed herein are those of Michael Cembalest and may differ from those of other J.P.
Morgan employees and affiliates. This information in no way constitutes J.P. Morgan research and should not be treated as such. Further, the views expressed herein may
differ from that contained in J.P. Morgan research reports. The above summary/prices/quotes/statistics have been obtained from sources deemed to be reliable, but we do not
guarantee their accuracy or completeness, any yield referenced is indicative and subject to change. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. References to the
performance or character of our portfolios generally refer to our Balanced Model Portfolios constructed by J.P. Morgan. It is a proxy for client performance and may not
represent actual transactions or investments in client accounts. The model portfolio can be implemented across brokerage or managed accounts depending on the unique
objectives of each client and is serviced through distinct legal entities licensed for specific activities. Bank, trust and investment management services are provided by J.P.
Morgan Chase Bank, N.A, and its affiliates. Securities are offered through J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (JPMS), Member NYSE, FINRA and SIPC. Securities products
purchased or sold through JPMS are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (""FDIC""); are not deposits or other obligations of its bank or thrift affiliates
and are not guaranteed by its bank or thrift affiliates; and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal invested. Not all investment ideas referenced
are suitable for all investors. Speak with your J.P. Morgan Representative concerning your personal situation. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the
purchase or sale of any financial instrument. Private Investments may engage in leveraging and other speculative practices that may increase the risk of investment loss, can be
highly illiquid, are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuations to investors and may involve complex tax structures and delays in distributing important tax
information. Typically such investment ideas can only be offered to suitable investors through a confidential offering memorandum which fully describes all terms, conditions,
and risks.

IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its affiliates do not provide tax advice. Accordingly, any discussion of U.S. tax matters contained herein (including
any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, in connection with the promotion, marketing or recommendation by anyone unaffiliated with
JPMorgan Chase & Co. of any of the matters addressed herein or for the purpose of avoiding U.S. tax-related penalties. Note that J.P. Morgan is not a licensed insurance
provider.

© 2011 JPMorgan Chase & Co; All rights reserved

6
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030813
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016502.txt,"so essential to public confidence in the system.” Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 464
U.S. 501, 508 (1984) (citing Richmond Newspapers, 448 U.S. 569-71). For this reason, the
appellate briefs should be unsealed so that the public has the benefit of seeing the very
statements and arguments that formed the basis of this Court’s Decision. It is especially
important to provide a transparent view into these judicial proceedings because suspicions have
already been raised about how the District Attorney’s Office handled Epstein’s case.

When, as here, “issues of major public importance are involved, the interests of the
public as well as the press in access to court records ‘weigh heavily’ in favor of release.” Danco,
274 A.D.2d at 8, 711 N.Y.S.2d at 425 (citation omitted). This constitutional presumption of
open access to court records requires “the most compelling circumstances” to justify any
restriction upon that right. Jn re Application of Nat’l Broad. Co., 635 F.2d at 952. Here, it is
impossible to conceive of any circumstances that might justify wholesale sealing of relevant
court documents that are necessary to understand how prosecutors and this Court handled a
matter of such intense public concern.

The interest of Epstein’s victims to remain anonymous can be satisfied by directing the
District Attorney’s Office to redact the names of victims before disclosing the appellate briefs.
To be clear, the Post has no interest in identifying victims of sexual assault who wish to remain
anonymous. It does, however, have a right to know why the Manhattan District Attorney
abruptly changed position after initially arguing that Epstein should be treated leniently. The
District Attorney’s Office has indicated that it “would not oppose producing a copy of the
People’s brief ... keeping intact those portions of the brief that recount the procedural history of
the SORA hearing, the portion of the brief that is seemingly of interest to the Post.” Browning

Aff. Ex. E. With all due respect to the District Attorney, the Post is simply not in a position to

13
4811-3721-9459v.3 3930033-000039

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016502
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020655.txt,"196

waixuan (48), and the less than transparent manner in which Chinese influence seeking is
often carried out.

We reiterate: it is absolutely crucial that whatever measures are taken to counteract harmful
forms of Chinese influence seeking not end up demonizing any group of Americans, or
even visitors to America, in ways that are unfair or reckless.

Afterword

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020655
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024981.txt,"24

state requires more than energy, brains, and celebrity. Dean Acheson
helped rebuild Europe after World War II. Henry Kissinger, who
acted like the secretary of state for Richard Nixon even before he got
the job, engineered the opening to China. But does anyone think
Colin Powell left State with a better reputation than he had before
becoming secretary? Madeleine Albright and Condoleezza Rice
broke the gender barrier and were competent enough, but left no
historic imprint. The State Department isn’t called “Foggy Bottom”
for nothing.

For any secretary of state, the prerequisite for success is a strong
relationship with the president. “He’s hard for her to connect with,”
admits one of her top people. “It’s hard for her to break through to
the more-than-polite level.” That isn’t meant to suggest chilliness or
dysfunction. “Is it Bush-Baker?” the aide continues, referring to the
relationship between the first President Bush and James Baker, who
was so tight with his boss that he felt obliged to resign as secretary of
state to run Bush’s ill-fated re-election campaign in 1992. “No. But
there’s a lot of mutual respect, and she feels like she’s always got a
shot with him.” Imagine how it feels to be a supplicant, looking for
her “shot” at impressing the president. It was only four years ago that
Hillary said her main opponent in the Democratic primaries was
“irresponsible and frankly naive” when he promised to meet with the
leaders of Iran, North Korea, and other rogue regimes without
preconditions during his first year in office. She hasn’t forgotten who
turned out to be right on that one.

One day I asked Hillary point-blank how she gets along with Obama,
with whom she meets a few times a week when neither is on the road.
She gave me a predictable answer, that her relationship is “not only
very good professionally but very warm personally.” Of course,
“warm” is just another term of art in Washington, where the advice to
anyone looking for a friend has long been to get a dog. When I ask

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024981
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012387.txt,"corrected in the legislative process.

3. The President should presume that enactments are constitutional. There will be some occasions,
however, when a statute appears to conflict with the Constitution. In such cases, the President can and
should exercise his independent judgment to determine whether the statute is constitutional. In
reaching a conclusion, the President should give great deference to the fact that Congress passed the
statute and that Congress believed it was upholding ‘its obligation to enact constitutional legislation.
Where possible, the President should construe provisions to avoid constitutional problems.

4. The Supreme Court plays a special role in resolving disputes about the constitutionality of .
enactments. As a general matter, if the President believes that the Court would sustain a particular
provision as constitutional, the President should execute the statute, notwithstanding his own beliefs
about the constitutional issue. If, however, the President, exercising his independent judgment,
determines both that a provision would violate the Constitution and that it is probable that the Court
would agree with him, the President has the authority to decline to execute the statute.

5. | Where the President's independent constitutional judgment and his determination of the Court's
probable decision converge on a conclusion of unconstitutionality, the President must make a decision
about whether‘or not to comply with the provision. That decision is necessarily specific to context, and
it should be reached after careful weighing of the effect of compliance with the provision on the
constitutional rights of affected individuals and on the executive branch's constitutional authority. Also
relevant is the likelihood that compliance or non-compliance will permit judicial resolution of the
issue. That is, the President may base his decision to comply (or decline to comply) in part on a desire
to afford the Supreme Court an opportunity to review the constitutional judgment of the legislative
branch.

6. The President has enhanced responsibility to resist unconstitutional provisions that encroach upon
the constitutional powers of the Presidency. Where the President believes that an enactment
unconstitutionally limits his powers, he has the authority to defend his office and decline to abide by it,
unless he is convinced that the Court would disagree with his assessment. If the President does not
challenge such provisions (i.e., by refusing to execute them), there often will be no occasion for
judicial consideration of their constitutionality; a policy of consistent Presidential enforcement of
statutes limiting his power thus would deny the Supreme Court the opportunity to review the
limitations and thereby would allow for unconstitutional restrictions on the President's authority.

Some legislative encroachments on executive authority, however, will not be justiciable or are for
other reasons unlikely to be resolved in court. If resolution in the courts is unlikely and the President
cannot look to a judicial determination, he must shoulder the responsibility of protecting the
constitutional role of the presidency. This is usually true, for example, of provisions limiting the
President's authority as Commander in Chief. Where it is not possible to construe such provisions
constitutionally, the President has the authority to act on his understanding of the Constitution.

One example of a Presidential challenge to a statute encroaching upon his powers that did result in
litigation was Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 (1926). In that case, President Wilson had defied a
statute that prevented him from removing postmasters without Senate approval; the Supreme Court
ultimately struck down the statute as an unconstitutional limitation on the President's removal power.
Myers is particularly instructive because, at the time President Wilson acted, there was no Supreme
Court precedent on point and the statute was not manifestly unconstitutional. In fact, the
constitutionality of restrictions on the President's authority to remove executive branch officials had
been debated since the passage of the Tenure of Office Act in 1867 over President Johnson's veto. The
closeness of the question was underscored by the fact that three Justices, including Justices Holmes and
Brandeis, dissented in Myers. Yet, despite the unsettled constitutionality of President Wilson's action,

‘no member of the Court in Myers suggested that Wilson overstepped his constitutional authority -- or

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012387
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015219.txt,"When Tom Arnold was a guest on Late Show, David Letterman
pressed him about his friendship with Kathie Lee and Frank Gifford. This
was shortly after the G/obe had entrapped and videotaped Gifford’ s
extramarital tryst with a flight attendant in a hotel room. Letterman
insisted, “I don’ t revel in the miseries of others,” but Arnold reminded
him of his monologues with jokes about Gifford. Letterman defended
himself: “It’ s part of the job.” Arnold stammered, searching for just the
right words. He finally found them: “Frank Gifford took a bullet for a lot
of us.” And the audience applauded the accuracy of his assessment.

Certainly, non-celebrities don’ t have to worry about supermarket
tabloids revealing infidelities to the/r spouses. Such exposure could never
occur with swinging couples, not only because, as a rule, they are honest
with each other, but also because they party with each other, so there are
no surprises. They are sharing a secret lifestyle, one with an ethic that
transcends ordinary romance. Sneaky affairs are for straight people, but
swingers can eat their wedding cake and have their fantasies too. Which

explains why there have been no hookers hanging around fh/s convention.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015219
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026507.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 8/24/2018 12:47:43 PM
To: Kathy Ruemm ler i |
Subject: Fwd: Trump @ War

From:

Date: Thu, Aug 23, 2018 at 4:25 PM

Subject: Trump @ War

To: ""jeevacation@gmail.com"" <jeevacation@gmail.com>

https://app.frame.io/presentations/a87092af-cb6a-473b-924 1-582c03dbb906

Sent from ProtonMail Mobile

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026507
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025447.txt,"Message: Exactly !!!!

Time: 03/25/19 03:20:
Flags: 1126401
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

25 PM (575245225)

GUID: 556F2614-2F37-4

Message: https://nypost.com/2019/03/25/avenatti-is-actually-th

E13-818B-3C0OBB0B73943

fraud-con-man-h

accused-trump-of-being/?utm _campaign=iosappé&amp;utm_ source=message app

Time: 03/25/19 07:42:
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 5842B582-6CF1-4

EO06-AD70-68CFABB7F 6B]

53 PM (575260973)

|

Message: https://nypo
20m-from-nike/?utm_ca

Sender: e:jeeituneslg
Time: 03/29/19 09:49:
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 33D4C50F-DFC7-4

mail.com

04 AM (575570944)

B4E-BD6D-D745ECA9D3Al1

Message: <Unsupported

Message Content>

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/19 09:49:
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2AC9AF96-961A-4

23 AM (575570963)

EO6OF-BFO1-724888C930D3

Message: I sent you y

Sender: Po
Time: 03/29/19 09:52:
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

our bd present

47 AM (575571167)

GUID: B8

py

ESFSA-94AR-4

8E3-8449-5E3C800E6D6D

r,

Message: Master of di

sguise!

st.com/2019/03/25/michael-avenatti-charged-with-trying-to-extort-
mpaign=iosapp&amp;utm_source=message app

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025447
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023715.txt,"CNN

Quest: The U.S.
president talked
about selling
large amounts of
agriculture to the
Chinese, and
tariffs on
automobiles
down from 40%
maybe to 0%.
This is
mercantilist stuff.
This isn’t “trade
deal.”

RLK: Totally
agree with that.
And those are
superficial things,
they make
headlines, they're
easy to
understand, but
they’re not the
substance of
what's happening
here.

QUEST MEANS
BUSINESS

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023715
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017608.txt,"Page 5 of 31
104 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 59, *65

encompassing"" statutory victims’ bill of rights. 7! Victims' advocates sought to expand on the protections found in other
previously-enacted victims' rights statutes, including, notably, the Victims' Rights and Restitution Act of 1990. 7? That statute
had also included a bill of rights for crime victims, yet because of limited enforcement mechanisms, crime victims had been
unable to secure court protection of the rights listed in the statute. 73

The statute that Congress passed to solve these problems - the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004 - gave victims ""the right to
participate in the [*66] system.” 7+ It extended broad rights to crime victims, including ""the right to be treated with fairness

25 and ""the reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the

and with respect for the victim's dignity and privacy""
Government in the case."" 7° It also commanded that these rights must be afforded by the Justice Department ""and other
departments and agencies of the United States engaged in the detection, investigation, or prosecution of crime."" 77 The CVRA
also contained specific enforcement mechanisms. The Act provided that rights can be ""asserted"" by ""the crime victim or the
crime victim's lawful representative, and the attorney for the Government ... .""_ 28 The courts were also required under the Act

to ""ensure that the crime victim is afforded the rights"" given by the law. 7?

Congress appeared to have at least two goals in mind in passing the CVRA. The first was simply to ensure that crime victims
understood what was happening in the criminal justice process. This goal is apparent from the fact that the CVRA gives crime
victims rights to notification about various court hearings, as well as more general rights to confer with prosecutors and to be
treated with fairness. 7° The CVRA's Senate sponsors explained:

In case after case we found victims, and their families, were ignored, cast aside, and treated as non-participants in a critical
event in their lives. They were kept in the dark by prosecutors too busy to care enough, by judges focused on [defendants']
rights, and by a court system that simply did not have a place for them. 3!

In passing the CVRA, Congress sought to change the system's obliviousness to crime victims that often ""left crime victims and

their families victimized yet again."" 3?

'9 Hon. Jon Kyl et al., On the Wings of Their Angels: The Scott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila Lynn
Crime Victims' Rights Act, 9 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 581, 588-91 (2005).

20 Proposed Constitutional Amendment to Protect Crime Victims, S.J. Res. 1: Hearing Before the S. Comm. on the Judiciary, 108th Cong.
128-29 (2003) (statement of Sen. Patrick Leahy); see also Steven J. Twist & Daniel Seiden, The Proposed Victims' Rights Amendment. A
Brief Point/Counterpoint, 5 Phoenix L. Rev. 341, 356, 378 (2012) (illustrating that the necessity dispute has endured to the present day).

21 150 Cong. Rec. 7295 (2004) (statement of Sen. Dianne Feinstein); see also Kyl et al., supra note 19, at 591-93.

~ Victims' Rights and Restitution Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-647, 104 Stat. 4820 (codified as amended at 42 U.S.C.$$/0601, 10606-07
(2006)).

2 See, e.g., United States v. McVeigh, 106 F.3d 325, 328 (10th Cir. 1997) (per curiam) (refusing to enforce a victim's right to attend a trial);
Cassell, Barbarians at the Gates?, supra note 18, at 515-22 (discussing McVeigh).

4 150 Cong. Rec. 7297; see 18 U.S.C. § 3771 (2012). For a description of victim participation, see Beloof, Cassell & Twist, supra note 6, at
728-33,

% 18 U.S.C. § 3771(a)(8).

2 Id. § 3771(a)(5).

27 Id. § 3771 (c)(1).

28 Id. § 3771(d)(1).

2% Id. § 3771(b)(1).

30 See id. § 3771(a).

3! 150 Cong. Rec. 7296 (2004) (statement of Sen. Dianne Feinstein).

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017608
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024759.txt,"ACKRELL
CAPITAL CHAPTER VII Capital Markets for Cannabis Companies

Capital Raised by U.S. Publicly Traded Cannabis-Related Companies

The following table shows the amount of capital (equity and debt) raised by cannabis-related compa-
nies traded on U.S. stock markets in the twelve months ended September 30, 2017. Although more
than 200 cannabis-related companies were traded on the OTC during this period, the data indicates
that very few raised meaningful capital.

Capital Raised by U.S. Publicly Traded Cannabis-Related Companies (LTM ended September 30, 2017)

$300
$250
eS $200
2
=
wi —-$150
—
&,
$100
: ee _
$0
Nasdaq NYSE/NYSE American Total
Amount Raised $130 $82 $56 $268
Number of Deals 2 2 11 15
Average Deal Size $65 $41 $5 $18

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. In December 2017, a $317 million financing was completed by GW Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: GWPH),
but the transaction occurred outside the date range of the analysis. Due to the size of the transaction, it is worth noting here.

Financial Data and Trading Multiples of
U.S. Publicly Traded Cannabis-Related Companies

The following tables show selected financial and trading information of cannabis-related companies
that are publicly traded on U.S. markets. As the tables indicate, with few exceptions, these companies
have little to no revenue and are not profitable. Consequently, most trading multiples are not mean-
ingful and the companies tend to trade more on expectations for the overall cannabis industry than on
specific company fundamentals (especially for those companies traded on the OTC).

© 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC 123

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024759
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016516.txt,"Page 7 of 42
103 Minn. L. Rev. 844, *854

1. Underenforcement Against Corruption

Crimes of corruption by state and local officials are a good example of harms that, at times, criminal justice systems have
unduly ignored. 34 Local police and prosecutors are not institutionally well-situated to pursue and evaluate those crimes. They
often have professional, if not personal, ties to other local officials, which heightens the risk of undue favoritism or judgments
that are otherwise not fully disinterested. That is the main reason [*855] that federal investigators and prosecutors have state

and local corruption in their portfolios. *°

2. Underenforcement Against Sexual Assault

Sexual assault offenses are another context in which underenforcement is now widely recognized, but the causes are different.

Rather than favoritism toward offenders, the problem seems to be bias against the type of offense, and, in varying degrees,
against the victims. Failures of police to rigorously pursue allegations of sexual assaults have been widely documented. %°
Among the explanations that advocates, attorneys and some scholars point to are ""the entrenched nature of long-recognized,
gender-driven biases by police against domestic violence or sexual assault claims"" and ""against individuals from particular
groups or under particular circumstances,"" especially against victims who are poor or are racial, ethnic or gender minorities. 37
One large-scale empirical study of why rape-kit evidence remained untested, for example, suggested that the explanation in part
was ""negative beliefs and stereotypes about victims, which adversely affected the quality of the investigation."" 3° It bears
noting that much of this bias is understood to be subtle or unconscious patterns built on cultural norms, rather than conscious,
purposeful disfavor. 3? But when evidentiary records are incomplete or ambiguous, their effects are substantial.

[*856]
3. Underenforcement Against Police Excessive Uses of Force

Failures to prosecute in the wake of police shootings and other possibly excessive uses of force against civilians are scenarios
that raise suspicions of both bias against victims, many of whom are black men (and often criminal suspects, another disfavored

victims and defendants""); Natapoff, supra note 28, at 1753; David Alan Sklansky, Police and Democracy, /03 Mich. L. Rev. 1699, 1822
(2005) (arguing that policing failures in some communities undercuts ""the egalitarian project of protecting all citizens from private
violence"").

34 The point extends to private actors, especially organized crime, with ties to local officials.

35 See infra Part III.B.1. On local corruption, see generally, for example, Corruption and American Cities: Essays and Case Studies in Ethical
Accountability (Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III &? Roger L. Kemp eds., 2016) (discussing the role of corruption in American cities); James L.
Merriner, Grafters and Goo Goos: Corruption and Reform in Chicago, 1833-2003 (2004) (discussing the role of corruption in Chicago).

36 See Tuerkheimer, supra note 28, at 1292-99.

37, ACLU, Responses from the Field: Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, and Policing 40 (2015); see also Tuerkheimer, supra note 28, at
1292-99 (citing a range of studies to conclude that ""in many jurisdictions, the widespread perception that law enforcement officers will likely
not pursue allegations of rape [due to race, class or gender bias] is entirely accurate"").

38 Rebecca Campbell et al., The Detroit Sexual Assault Kit (SAK) Action Research Project (ARP), Final Report 109 (2015).
39 Davis, supra note 33, at 23-34; Tuerkheimer, supra note 28 (discussing bias in sexual assault prosecutions); cf. ACLU, supra note 37
(surveying advocates, service providers, and attorneys, who described ""the entrenched nature of long-recognized, gender-driven biases by
police against domestic violence or sexual assault claims"" and ""against individuals from particular groups or under particular circumstances,""
including ""bias against survivors of color, and against survivors who are poor, Native American, immigrant, or LGBTQ""); Joshua Correll et
al., The Police Officer's Dilemma: A Decade of Research on Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot, 8 Soc. & Personality Psychol. Compass
201, 202-09 (2014) (finding that police training reduces some forms of racial bias compared to lay people in shooting simulations but
cautioning training effects may be reduced by real-world stress and fatigue conditions); Jeffery J. Pokorak, Probing the Capital Prosecutor's
Perspective: Race of the Discretionary Actors, 83 Cornell L. Rev. 181], 1817 (1998) (discussing unconscious bias in death penalty
prosecutions).

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016516
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030807.txt,"From:

Sent: 4/27/2011 10:14:56 PM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Me again

Importance: — High

what do you think of Trump running?

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030807
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027619.txt,"GUID: A4BB4ED6-756C-4AA7-9DC8-06CBFB23BD8F

Message: I
the white hats and the black hats.
blue hats

Time: 03/28/19 03:09:28 AM

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

8013479E

r,

GUID:

Message: Genius

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/28/19 03:09:35 AM
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message:

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/28/19 03:09:56 AM
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message: Explain

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/28/19 03:10:01 AM
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

Message: Ie china

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/28/19 03:10:48 AM
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID:

think you might want to start a new group,

If you really think china a threat,

of hackers. Currently there are
I like the idea of your creating the red white and

(575460568)

6AB2-4F7D-93C5-0191CO53E6E3

(575460575)

56C66072-0A4F-452A-AA0A-C35FB76A5973

turn the American teen hackers loose.

(575460596)

F7AA9A8 6-BOEC-4B8C-BF/B-6FC908DD448F

that this country is fucking with your future.

(575460601)

46300733-8F41-40CE-A270-ADBA51001143

(575460648)

5242A071-42F6-4645-A3C2-14524360CCDA

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027619
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013221.txt,"16.6 Issues with Virtual Preschool Engineering 305

that important from the point of view of humanlike cognitive development. We suggest that
the key features of naive physics and folk psychology enumerated above can be mastered by an
AGI in BlocksNBeadsWorld in spite of its imitations, and that — together with an appropriate
AGI design — this probably suffices for creating an AGI with the inductive biases constituting
humanlike intelligence.

To drive this point home more thoroughly, consider three potential virtual world scenarios:

1. A world containing realistic fluid dynamics, where a child can pour water back and forth
between two cups of different shapes and sizes, to understand issues such as conservation
of volume

2. A world more like today’s Second Life, where fluids don’t really exist, and things like lakes
are simulated via very simple rules, and pouring stuff back and forth between cups doesn’t
happen unless it’s programmed into the cups in a very specialized way

3. A BlocksNBeadsWorld type world, where a child can pour masses of beads back and forth
between cups, but not masses of liquid

Our qualitative judgment is that Scenario 3 is going to allow a young AI to gain the same es-
sential insights as Scenario 1, whereas Scenario 2 is just too impoverished. I have explored dozens
of similar scenarios regarding different preschool tasks or cognitive development experiments,
and come to similar conclusions across the board. Thus, our current view is that something like
BlocksNBeadsWorld can serve as an adequate infrastructure for an AGI Preschool, supporting
the development of human-level, roughly human-like AGI.

And, if this view turns out to be incorrect, and BlocksNBeads World is revealed as inadequate,
then we will very likely still advocate the conceptual approach enunciated above as a guide for
designing virtual worlds for AGI. That is, we would suggest to explore the hypothetical failure
of BlocksNBeadsWorld via asking two questions:

1. Are there basic naive physics or folk psychology requirements that were missed in creating
the specifications, based on which the adequacy of BlocksNBeadsWorld was assessed?

2. Does BlocksNBeads World fail to sufficiently emulate the real world in respect to some of
the articulated naive physics or folk psychology requirements?

The answers to these questions would guide the improvement of the world or the design of a
better one.

Regarding the practical implementation of BlocksNBeadsWorld, it seems clear that this is
within the scope of modern game engine technology, however, it is not something that could be
encompassed within an existing game or world engine without significant additions; it would
require substantial custom engineering. There exist commodity and open-source physics en-
gines that efficiently carry out Newtonian mechanics calculations; while they might require
some tuning and extension to handle BlocksNBead World, the main issue would be achieving
adequate speed of physics calculation, which given current technology would need to be done
via modifying existing engines to appropriately distribute processing among multiple GPUs.

Finally, an additional avenue that merits mention is the use of BlocksNBeads physics in-
ternally within an AGI system, as part of an internal simulation world that allows it to make
“mind’s eye” estimative simulations of real or hypothetical physical situations. There seems no
reason that the same physics software libraries couldn’t be used both for the external virtual
world that the AGI’s body lives in, and for an internal simulation world that the AGI uses as
a cognitive tool. In fact, the BlocksNBeads library could be used as an internal cognitive tool
by AGI systems controlling physical robots as well. This might require more tuning of the bead

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013221
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010590.txt,"Edwards that Brunel might have been procuring two eight-year-old girls for Epstein to sexually
abuse. According to widely circulated press reports reviewed by Edwards, Brunel is in his
sixties and has a reputation throughout the world (and especially in the modeling industry) as a
cocaine addict that has for years molested children through modeling agencies while acting as
their agent — conduct that has been the subject of critical reports, books, several news articles,
and a 60 Minutes documentary on Brunel’s sexual exploitation of underage models. See
hitp://bradmillershero. blogspot.com/2010/08/women-are-objects.html, attached hereto as Exhibit
“FR.”

63. Edwards learned that Brunel is also someone that visited Epstein on
approximately 67 occasions while Epstein was in jail. See Epstein's jail visitor log attached as
Exhibit “GG.”

64. | Edwards learned that Brunel currently runs the modeling agency MC2, a company
for which Epstein provides financial support. See Message Pad's attached as Exhibit “J” supra
and Sworn Statement of MC2 employee Maritza Vasquez, June 15, 2010, “Maritza Vasquez
Sworn Statement” attached at Exhibit “HH” at 1-16.

65. Employees of MC2 told Edwards that Epstein’s numerous condos at 301 East 66
Street in New York were used to house young models. Edwards was told that MC2 modeling
agency, affiliated with Epstein and Brunel brought underage girls from all over the world,
promising them modeling contracts. Epstein and Brunel would then obtain a visa for these girls,
then would charge the underage girls rent, presumably to live as underage prostitutes in the
condos. See Maritza Vasquez Sworn Statement, Exhibit “HH” at 7-10, 12-15, 29-30, 39-41, 59-

60 and 62-67.
25

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010590
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022042.txt,"IATTERSON

aring variations on a scheme Mrs.
perpetrated against her late hus-
is his mentor. Seckel took books
10k money and promised a book;
rty lost money.”

, humorous,” one of Seckel’s marks
$75,000. When the time came to
O it.”

al people whom Seckel had stiffed
uits he’d been involved in. In 2007,
ainst aman who'd edited his Wiki-

heimer spoke with Seckel’s lawyer,

at he’d reached a settlement for the
unalist wrote. “Hornberger added
‘im for his services.”

I's wife, Isabel Maxwell.

id date and married in Malibuinor ~
p the dates in my head,” Seckel j

they moved to the South of France, ~
de in rare books and papers. While i
| by a Virgin Islands company a
-audulently attempting to sell ra

sury portrait of Isaac Newton.
ng to sell papers belonging to

ell’s sister and the daughter of Ro

Firtyy Ricu

It was an odd thing, Epstein’s association with this self-professed
PhD who, on closer inspection, turned out to be a bit of a grifter.
But the Mindshift conference that Epstein and Seckel hosted
in the Virgin Islands did take place, in 2010. Murray Gell-
Mann was there, along with Leonard Mlodinow, a physicist who
coauthored books with Stephen Hawking. Gerald Sussman, an
expert on artificial intelligence who taught at MIT and also
attended the conference, said that he didn’t remember too much
about it.

“We had scientific discussions, talked about various things,”
he said vaguely.

When Mark Oppenheimer asked him if he’d given money to
Seckel, Sussman “got testy” with the reporter.

“I have had some dealings with him,” Sussman said, “I don't

want to say what it’s about, because I don’t feel good about
it, okay?”

: Today, Epstein’s websites—JeffreyEpsteinFoundation.com and
q JeffreyEpsteinScience.com—are down. Their domain names have
long since expired. Several recipients of Epstein’s charitable con-
q tributions, including New York’s Mount Sinai Hospital and Ballet
4 Palm Beach, announced that they would not be accepting new
' gifts.

“The further I can keep myself from anything like that the

i: etter,” said Ballet Palm Beach founder Colleen Smith.

But in 2012, Epstein held one more conference on Little Saint

4 S. Once again, three Nobel Prize winners were in attendance.

stephen Hawking was also there. All in all, Epstein had gathered
Wventy-one physicists— from Princeton, Harvard, MIT, and CERN

q
a

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022042

"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011856.txt,"/ BARAK / 99

By the end of November, I believed that the chances of a peace agreement with
Arafat were so microscopic as to border on non-existent, and that my own
prospects for retaining sufficient support to be an effective Prime Minister much
beyond Clinton’s departure were not much better. It was not just Arik and the
Likud, but other parties on the right that were actively attempting to bring down
the government. I was being squeezed politically: by opposition to the concessions,
especially on Jerusalem, I’d been willing to consider in pursuit of a peace
agreement, and by the ever-worsening Palestinian violence. Shlomo Ben-Ami put
it best, saying that in the view of most Israelis, “Arafat’s response to Camp David
was not peace, it was an intifada.”

By the second part of November, there were five separate motions of no-
confidence working their way through the Knesset. I could have quashed them all
at a single stroke, since Arik, both publicly and privately, was conveying to me his
continuing interest in joining a unity coalition. But I again decided against it, at
this stage not so much because I expected a peace deal, but because I believed
continued Israeli engagement in the peace process was essential to preventing
Arafat from evading his responsibility for making a deal impossible.

I could also have wrongfooted my opponents by insisting that any early election
be not just for a new Prime Minister but for a new Knesset, something very few
existing Knesset members were anxious to see happen. I did, in fact, do precisely
that at the end of November, delaying an immediate move to try to topple the
government. But I immediately regretted doing it. The game-playing side of
politics was the part I least understood, and most disliked. I recognized that to
bring down the Knesset along with me would be unfair to the country, not to
mention my own Labor Party, which still had the largest number of parliamentary
seats. In pursuing my peace efforts with Hafez al-Assad, and at Camp David, I'd
insisted I was acting on the mandate I’d received in the Prime Ministerial election.
If the peace efforts had failed, or if a significant part of the country felt I was
wrong to have tried in the way I did, surely the responsibility for that, too, should
fall on me.

I remained confident I had been right to make the efforts with Arafat, with
Assad, and, of course, to have followed through on my pledge to withdraw our
troops from Lebanon. But believing that you are night, even if later events might
bear you out, was not all that mattered in politics. You had to be able to bring the
public with you. It was clear my support was ebbing away. Looking ahead to the

385
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011856
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026475.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 3/24/2018 12:23:00 PM 
To: Landon Thomas Jr. [ 
Subject: Re: 
he feels alone, and is nuts !!! , I told everyone from day one. evil beyond belief mad, and most thought i was 
speaking metaphorically, its obvious he could crack. stormy daniels. ? lies after lies aflter lies. 
On Sat, Mar 24, 2018 at 8:19 AM, Landon Thomas Jr. <j wrote: 
He is scaring the shit out of me now. He could well tank global economy. Can Barrack talk sense to him 
anymore? 
Maybe it's time for you to jump in now. Given how he is throwing caution to wind in such epic fashion, why 
wouldn't he take your call? 
Give it a shot! 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Mar 24, 2018, at 5:39 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
https ://www.the dailyb east. com/how-clo se-is-donal d-trump-to-a-p sychiatric-breakdown? ref=home 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026475 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026476 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030217.txt,"From: Larry Visoski 
Sent: 9/5/2016 7:10:16 PM 
To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
CC: Rich Kahn 
Subject: Flight time OMAA - BQK 
Attachments: IMG_0068.PNG; Untitled attachment 393133.txt; IMG_0069.PNG; Untitled attachment 393136.txt 
Jeffrey 
Eric completed Trump's interior on his 757 at Stambaugh, they have worked together in the past. 
Estimated cost Abu Dhabi to Stambaugh $37,038.00 
Abu Dhabi - Shannon Ireland 7+45min (-23kt Headwind) 
Shannon - Jacksonville (to clear Customs) 7+46min (-23kt headwind) 
Jacksonville to Brunswick GA +12min 
Total Flight time 15+42min 
Cost 
BBJ burns an average of 5,200Lbs per hour = 776 gallons per hour 
Abu Dhabi current fuel price $1.74 per gallon. 
Shannon Current fuel price. $1.94 per gallon. 
Jacksonville Fuel, $3.50 per gallon. 
Abu Dhabi - Shannon, 7.7 hours = 5,975 gallons = $10,396.50 Fuel 
Shannon -Jacksonville 7.7 hours = 5975 gallons = $11,591.50 Fuel 
Jacksonville-Brunswick .2 hours= 300 gallons= $ 1,050.00 Fuel 
Handling charge in Shannon estimate $ 3,500 00 
Navigational charges, overflight permits, landing 
Fee Shannon Ireland. $10,000.00 est. 
Landing fee Jacksonville. 500.00 
Estimated total $ 37,038.00 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030217 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030296.txt,"From: Philip Barden <>

Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2015 18:27:12 +0000
To: 6 Mxwe

Ce: Ross Gow <i  -
Subject: Re:

All

Tam back on line now.

I see the statement didn't go. Monday? Maybe tomorrow?

I will speak to Jeffery Epstein's lawyer but JE has a conflict with you and will want your silence as whilst you
are being attacked there is less heat on him.

Either is lying or not. If we let her lie without challenge then the lies become the reality and
that may lead to you facing investigation. These are serious allegations and In the UK prosecuting people who
face allegations of sex abuse is now common place and a lot of resources are focused on this.

We can't sit back and let you be a conspirator by silence.

Your are not guilty and must follow Dershowtiz line. He is a leading lawyer and he hasn't followed the don't say
anything for fear of litigation. He has rightly called Pe biutt and shouted his innocence.

You have to stand up and deny the allegations or be branded guilty by association and that may lead to other
investigations and worse.

I feel I am going around in circles.

I know what is right to do and that is to shout your innocence.
Try and get some rest. Call me tomorrow if you want anytime.
Speak to Deshowitz.

Don't allay yourself to JE as that is not the way to go.

Best

Philip

Sent from my iPhone

On 10 Jan 2015, at 16:02, ""G Maxwell""

wrote:

Iam out of my depth to understanding defamation and other legal hazards and don't want to end up in a law suit

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030296
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016076.txt,"386 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

2011.

Sacks, Oliver. An Anthropologist on Mars. 4th ed. Picador, 2009.

—— —. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. 1st ed. Picador, 1986.

Tucker, William H. The Cattell Controversy: Race, Science, and Ideology. University
of Illinois Press, 2009.

Turing, Alan M. “Intelligent Machines.” Ince, DC (Ed.) 5 (1992). http://isites.har-
vard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic958294.files/lecture-00-handout.pdf.

Vitiello, Giuseppe. My Double Unveiled: The Dissipative Quantum Model of Brain.
John Benjamins Publishing, 2001.

Whitehead, Alfred North, and Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica - Volume
One: 1. Rough Draft Printing, 2009.

Winston, Robert. The Human Mind and How to Make the Most of It. New edition.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2006.

Wolf, Maryanne. Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain.
Icon Books Ltd, 2008.

Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. First Edition. Wolfram Media Inc, 2002.

Chapter 2

Carr, Jimmy, and Lucy Greeves. The Naked Jape: Uncovering the Hidden World of
Jokes. Penguin, 2007.

Cobley, Paul. The Communication Theory Reader. 1st ed. Routledge, 1996.

Dawkins, Richard. Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for
Wonder. Reisssue. Penguin, 2006.

Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. New Ed. /. OUP
Oxford, 2008.

Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Abridged edition.
Hackett Publishing Co, Inc, 1996.

Martin, Robert M. There Are Two Errors in the the Title of This Book*. Rev. and
Expanded Ed. Broadview Press Ltd, 2002.

Sacks, Oliver. An Anthropologist on Mars. 4th ed. Picador, 2009.

Tufte, Edward R. The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint: Pitching Out Corrupts Within.
2nd ed. Graphics Press, 2006.

Wiseman, Prof. Richard. Quirkology: The Curious Science Of Everyday Lives. 2nd
ed. Pan, 2011.

Chapter 3

Borg, James. Body Language: 7 Easy Lessons to Master the Silent Language. 1st ed.
Prentice Hall Life, 2008.

Brounstein, Marty. Communicating Effectively for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons,
2001.

by Seth Godin ; with a foreword by Malcolm Gladwell. Unleashing the Ideavirus :
How to Turn Your Ideas into Marketing Epidemics. Free Press, 2002.

Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. New edition. Wordsworth Editions Ltd,
1998.

Fiske, John. Introduction to Communication Studies. 3rd ed. Routledge, 2010.

Morris, Desmond. Peoplewatching: The Desmond Morris Guide to Body Language.
Vintage, 2002.

—— —. The Human Zoo. New edition. Vintage, 1994.

—— —. The Naked Ape: A Zoologist’s Study of the Human Animal. New edition.
Vintage, 2005.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016076
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012659.txt,"11/28/07 WED 09:19 FAX 1 213 680 8500 KIRKLAND&ELLIS LLP (qj001
SHEXSHELES ESTE TE TTCAS

BEE TX REPORT #22
¥ELAEASRESETSELTS ATT SS

TRANSMISSION OK

TX/RX NO

CONNECTION TEL 912025149412
SUBADDRESS

CONNECTION ID

ST. TIME 11/28 09:17

USAGE T_ 01°57

PGS. 4

RESULT OK

KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP

Fax Transmittal

777 South Figueroa Street
Los Angeles, Califomia 90017
Phone: (213) 680-8400
Fax: (213) 680-8500

Please notify us immediately.if any pages are not received. *

. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS COMMUNICATION IS CONFIDENTIAL, MAY -
BE ATTORNEY-CLIENT. PRIVILEGED, MAY CONSTITUTE INSIDE INFORMATION, AND
’ 1S INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF THE ADDRESSEE. UNAUTHORIZED USE,
DISCLOSURE OR COPYING IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED AND MAY BE UNLAWFUL.

IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED THIS COMMUNICATION IN ERROR,
' PLEASE NOTIFY US IMMEDIATELY AT: —
(213) 680-8400.

To: ' Company:

Hon. Alice S. Fisher | Department of Justice
From: ~ Dates — , Pages wicover:
Kenneth W. Starr © November 28, 2007 ' 4
Message:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012659
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018614.txt,"that I'm married and I love my husband. My clients accept that.

KOK ok
This can be found on the Internet at:

http://clarissethorn.com/blog/2012/01/05/one-blurred-edge-of-sex-work-interview-with-
a-sugar-baby-part-1/

and

SEX WORK:
[theory] A Sugar Baby Leaves The Business

I published this in 2012; it continues Olivia's story. Thanks again to Olivia for being so
incredibly generous with her time and her thoughts.

te OK ok

A Sugar Baby Leaves The Business

Previously on Role/Reboot, we ran an interview with my friend Olivia, a 25-year-old
graduate student who had just started having sex for money through a ""sugar baby”
website called SeekingArrangement.com. In the interview, Olivia covered a lot of topics.
She mentioned that she usually feels powerful in her relationships with her clients. As she
put it, ""When I show up, I don't feel like -- here is this rich, powerful person who is about
to bestow wealth upon me. I feel like -- here is this person who is a bit sad and lonely,
and maybe I can make their day better."" Olivia also noted that her negotiations can be
delicate, because some men are quite squeamish while talking about money. And she
explained that she’s married -- but it was already an open relationship, and she doesn't see
having sex for money as different from the other kinds of sex that she and her husband
were already having with other people. To deal with it, they're sure to communicate
clearly. As Olivia said, ""We just have to talk about it.”

In the months since that interview, Olivia and I have hung out occasionally to talk about
her experience with sex work. She's traveled across the city to meet me, and often bought
me coffee; non-judgmental social support for sex workers can be rare, and I've seen more
of her since she started the job. Although she really enjoyed the work at first, there were
tough times too, especially after the novelty wore off. Recently, Olivia decided to stop
seeing clients. We talked it through and she gave me permission to write about it. (She
also reviewed this article pre-publication.)

Obviously, there were logistical complexities from the beginning. Taxes were a

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018614
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030571.txt,"Date: Wednesday, July 27 2011 05:17 PM 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation©gmail.com> 
To: Jes Staley < 
>; 
Barak to fly to US, meet Biden, Clinton, Panetta 
and Ban„„ it seems they forgot one person on the 
list 
By JPOST.COM STAFF  
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com , and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030571 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029020.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
11/10/2016 11:02:28 PM 
jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Re: 
Importance: High 
Tried to call you. Sorry...It's crazy that they bringing this bullshit up again?! 
On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 5:00 PM jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
http ://www. dailymail. co .uk/news/article-3914012/Troub led-woman-history-drug-us e-claimed-ass aulted-
D onald-Trump-Jeffrey-Ep ste in-s ex-p arty-age-13 -FABRICATED-story. html  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Sincerely Renata Bolotova 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029020 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012881.txt,"There are many situations where taking a risk pays off, whether we think of stealth military
operations, chancy shots in the final seconds of a basketball game, or significant investments in an up and
coming stock option. Playing it safe pays off. But those who stick their necks out and take a chance, may
bring home significant gains. It is because of these competing strategies and potential payoffs that
evolutionary biologists have imagined that selection could maintain both personality types within a
population — a point noted earlier for the MAOA and glucose-related genes. If selection has worked in
this way, then there must be genetic variation that allows for both strategies. To date, the strongest
evidence comes from a family of genes associated with the regulation of dopamine, with the memorable
acronyms of DAT1, DRD2 and DRD4; each of these genes is associated with different forms, each form
associated with different levels of dopamine. Recall from chapter 2 that dopamine plays an essential role
in our experience of reward, including how motivated we are to get it and what we anticipate based on our
understanding of the situation — have we been rewarded in the past, how often, and how much? The idea
here is that those who carry genes that output a higher level of dopamine may weight rewards more
heavily and thus, show risk-blindness; for these individuals, the eye is on the prize, not the path or
obstacles to this prize.

Across a number of studies, results show that variation in the expression of these genes is
associated with high-risk, low self-control behaviors, including pathological gambling, substance abuse,
sensation seeking, and financial investments. For example, in two separate studies, individuals with
different variants of the DRD4 gene played a financial investment game involving real money. In one,
designed by Joan Chiao, subjects decided to invest in either a risky asset with variable returns or a riskless
asset with consistent returns. In the second study, the Swedish economist Ana Dreber and the American
anthropologist Corin Apicella allowed subjects to either walk away with an initial starting pot of money,
or to invest some of it ina risky asset. Those with the DRD4 variant that expresses higher levels of
dopamine were more likely to pursue the risky investment. What this work reveals is that part of the
variation we observe among people who make risky investments, drink too much alcohol, and gamble
with their income, is due to variation in the dopamine family of genes. These are hidden risks that come
to life thanks to molecular biologist’s microscope. What also comes to life is the fact that these same
genes are relevant to violence, causing some to strike out even though there are significant risks and
terrible consequences.

In several studies, using an American health data base of several thousand adolescents, results
consistently show a relationship between particular variants of the dopamine genes and violence. For
example, the sociologist Guang Guo examined the relationship between violent delinquency — involving
use of guns and knives — and variation in DRD2 and DAT1 among 2,5000 individuals ages 12-23 years.

DRD2 was of particular interest because medical records and clinical trials reveal that administering

Hauser Chapter 4. Wicked in waiting 135

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012881
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014228.txt,"y

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{SIGNED —__—___—

IMPORTANT MESSAGE | |

‘ron MS. MAXWELL- |

Sad

834% 611T

OF

PHONE/
M@BRE

fzenonco | Jacweomn |||
enuero seevou | Jwarcauacany ||]
wamstoseevou| jmsa |||
| [rrovesvouncuur| —[erecormrentow |_|]

_ Retugnin Your CxtL _

MESSAGE

4

PHONEs*”
MOBILE
TELEPHONED | PLEASE CALL

CAME TO SEE YOU | WILL CALL AGAIN

WANTS TO SEE YOu | |

RETURNED YOUR GALL |_| SPECIAL ATTENTION |

GIUFFRE00 1454

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014228
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013547.txt,"the early studies by Professor Seymore Kety of Harvard and Dr. Harold Himwich of
the Thudicum Laboratory in Galesberg, Illinois, using measures of whole brain
oxygen and glucose utilization as indices of energy generation and utilization by the
brain, surprised many of us. They indicated that energy use by the whole brain was
relatively constant when states of relaxed awakeness, mathematical cognition and
deep sleep were compared. Of course, modern studies have indicated that relative
regional brain energy utilization is state dependent and may vary quite widely.

More spiritual aspects of energies and their transformations were made
clearer during several month visits to Baba Muktananda’s, now Gurumayi
Chidvilasananda’s, Sidha Yoga Ashrams. Baba Muktananda loved and worshipped
his Hindu Guru, Bhagawan Nityananda. Baba had been a restlessly wandering,
guru-hunting, young man. Nityananda said he had “wheels for feet.” After many
years of devoted meditation, chanting and service, sadhanna, all the while being
prohibited from eating mangos, his favorite food, his passive, taciturn, ecstatic guru,
Nityananda, presented voluble, energetic, joyful Baba with the guru’s rather
aromatic and worn sandals. This symbolically acknowledged Baba’s successful
absorption of the guru’s transforming spiritual energy, shaktipat, the power of his
enlightenment.

At Nityananda death, Baba, using world tours, spiritual fellowship meetings,
satsangs (public conversations) and spiritual training sessions called “intensives’”,
organized Ashrams in West Coast sites such as Oakland and Venice, and on the
East Coast, in South Fallsburg, New York, buying several old residence hotels in
the Borscht Belt. Baba was introduced to America by one of his first advance men,
Be Here Now Baba Ram Das, Timothy Leary’s co-investigator in the Harvard
Student LSD project when his name was Richard Alpert. ESTs Werner Erhard was
another of Baba’s advance men.

Baba discipled and disciplined a sister and brother who, when 18 and 11
respectively, were sent to live in his Ashram in Ganeshpuri India by their parents.
The girl was known as Malti when she served as a translator for Baba and
Gurumayi Chidvilasananda after receiving the energy of her enlightenment. The

younger brother was given the name of Baba’s guru, Nityananda. When Baba took

47

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013547
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014661.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 539-1 Filed 01/06/17 Page 3 of 9
6/14/2016 Case 1:15°orO7aSGaRwS7 Dersartret Pne1m toBileid G4 5/1 PalPywOBref 9

Lindsay Lohan flashes
her cleavage ina low-
cut lilac number as she
enjoys romantic day in
Zurich with fiancé Egor
Tarabasov
Lovely in lilac

Back in time to
celebrate! Kim
Kardashian and Kanye
West arrive inLA on eve
of daughter North's third
birthday
Whirlwind 24-hour tip

Bathing suit babes!
Playboy vet Kendra
Wilkinson shows off
chest in one piace while
celebrating 31st
birthday with ‘number
one ho’ in Arizona

Sean Penn's son
Hopper, 22, reveals his
famous father wanted to
name him ‘Steak’ due ta
his love of red meat
His mom Robin Wright
wouldnt have gone for it

New romance for
Ruby? Rose ‘dating’
businesswoman Harley
Gusman after the pair
were Spotted cozying up
ona date in Hollywood
Off the market?

Was Patrick Swayze a
victim of domestic
abuse? Wife denies
claims she beat the
Dirty Dancing star
throughout their 34-year
marriage - and aven
when he was dying

Advertisement

First meating: Prince Andrew puts his arms around 17-year-old Virginia, cantre

On one of those occasions Virginia Roberts was subsequently paid $15,000 (£9,400). Her shocking
account of her four years as Epstein’s personal masseuse is supported by court documents, an
eyewitness, photographs and flight details of Epstein’s private jets.

One picture, said to have been taken by Epstein during Andrew's first encounter with the girl in
March 2001 and published today by The Mail on Sunday, shows the Prince with his arm around her
waist.

This is not the first time the Duke of York’s judgment and choice of associates have been

questioned. He appears to relish the company of super-rich oil billionaires from the Middle East,
North Africa and the former Soviet Union.

The peculiar sale of his former marital home to a Kazakh businessman for £15 million after it had
languished unsold for five years at £12 million has never been satisfactorily explained.

In the recent leak of American diplomatic cables it was revealed that he had criticised an official
corruption investigation into the huge Al-Yamamah arms deal between Britain and Saudi Arabia,
while he is also said to be close to Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, son of the beleaguered Libyan president,
and may have had a role in the early release of Lockerbie bomber Abdelbaset Al Megrahi.

But it is Andrew's friendship with Epstein, whom H

he has known since at least 2000, and with While on the streets, |
Epstein’s confidante Ghislaine Maxwell, daughter i

of the late disgraced newspaper baron Robert s | ept with men fo r

Maxwell, that gives most concern. mon ey. | was a
He was first seen with the pair on holiday in “Tt
Thailand, and was pictured cavorting with paed Oop hile's dream

Ghislaine at a Halloween fetishthemed party in

hitp:/Avww.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1361039/Prince-Andrew-girl-17-sex-offender-friend-flew-Britain-meet-him.html 2/34

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014661
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032516.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032516
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025321.txt,"a

vanityfair.com /CHRIS POMORSKI Chip Skowron pleaded guilty to
securities fraud, lost his freedom, and found religion. But, as it turns out,

federal prison is more forgiving than...

In the Energy Drink Market,
Advertising and Science Collide

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025321
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023073.txt,"Chart 1: Sector EPS estimated impact from 20% rate

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

Financials
Discretionary
Telecom
Staples
Industrials
Health Care
Energy
Materials
Info Tech
Real Estate

Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P

While the effective tax rate of the S&P 500 is generally about 28% (currently closer to
25% due to the recent commodity recession), we estimate that the tax rate for the S&P
500’s domestic operations is much higher at roughly 33% — although this includes
state and local taxes. If all companies with tax rates above the proposed new tax rate of
20% were to drop to 20%, and no companies provisioned for US taxes on foreign
profits, we estimate the domestic effective tax rate for the S&P 500 would fall in line
with its foreign tax rate of roughly 19%. This would represent a 9ppt decrease in the
current S&P 500 tax rate and a 12% increase in EPS. We show the sensitivity to S&P
500 EPS to different assumed tax rates in the chart below, but we reiterate that these
estimates exaggerate the actual impact on profits, as a significant portion of these
benefits would likely be passed on to consumers via lower prices. We assume that in
aggregate, roughly half of the gains from the lower tax rate would be retained (i.e. half
of the amounts shown in the sensitivity analysis in Chart 2).

Table 5: Impact of 20% domestic corporate tax rate Chart 2: Benefit to 2018 S&P 500 EPS from lower tax rates
Sector Current tax rate New tax rate Change 20%

Discretionary 30% 19% -12ppt

Staples 29% 20% -Oppt 15%

Energy 41% 32% -9ppt

Financials 33% 21% -1 ppt 10%

Health Care 25% 16% -9ppt

Industrials 32% 23% -9ppt 5%

Info Tech 18% 14% -Appt

Materials 28% 23% -bppt 0%

Real Estate 9% 1% -2ppt 15% 20% 25%
Telecom 29% 20% -9ppt

Utilities 39%, 20% A2ppt New Corporate Tax Rate

S&P 500 28% 19% -9ppt

Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, S&P mEstimated impact on 2018 EPS

* Current tax rates may differ from other sources, as this analysis is based on companies’ 5-yr median

fiscal year domestic and foreign tax data from annual filings. Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy

Note: Our base case assumes that half of the benefit would be passed on to customers, competed
away or offset by other changes to the tax code. Thus, we woulld expect the uplift to our EPS forecast
to be roughly half the calculated benefit from simply lowering the corporate tax rate.

The market is beginning to price in the benefits of tax cuts , but we may still be in the
early days — note that potential beneficiaries of fiscal stimulus (i.e. infrastructure
spending) have seen an 18% multiple re-rating but de minimis fundamental support,
whereas potential beneficiaries of lower corporate tax rates have seen performance
driven nearly equivalently by multiples and earnings.

Bankof America

Merrill Lynch Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 5

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023073
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023098.txt,"cut the bit entirely from its cable recycling of the roast. But in the more than three years
since, I have often reflected upon Mr. Gottfried's mesmerizing performance. At a terrible
time it was an incongruous but welcome gift. He was inviting us to once again let loose.

I bring up that night now because I've seen ""The Aristocrats,"" a new documentary inspired
in part by Mr. Gottfried's strange triumph. Unveiled in January at Sundance, it's coming to
a theater near some of you this summer. (It could be the first movie to get an NC-17
rating for sex and nudity not depicted on screen.) But I also bring up that night for the
shadow it casts on a culture that is now caught in the vise of the government war against
""indecency."" The chill cast by that war is taking new casualties each day, and with each
one, the commissars of censorship are emboldened to extend their reach. When even the
expletives of our soldiers in Iraq are censored on a public television documentary, Mr.
Gottfried's unchecked indecency seems to belong to another age.

The latest scheme for broadening that censorship arrived the week after the Oscar show
was reduced to colorless piffle on network television. Ted Stevens, the powerful chairman
of the Senate Commerce Committee, pronounced himself sick of ""four-letter words with
participles"" on cable and satellite television. ""I think we have the same power to deal with
cable as over the air,"" he said, promising to carry the fight all the way to the Supreme
Court. Never mind that anyone can keep pay TV at bay by not purchasing it, and that any
parent who does subscribe can click on foolproof blocking devices to censor any channel.
Senator Stevens's point is to intimidate MTV, Comedy Central, the satellite radio
purveyors of Howard Stern and countless others from this moment on, whether he
ultimately succeeds in exerting seemingly unconstitutional power over them or not.

If you can see only one of the shows that he wants to banish or launder, let me
recommend the series that probably has more four-letter words, with or without
participles, than any in TV history. That would be ""Deadwood"" on HBO. Its linguistic gait
befits its chapter of American history, the story of a gold-rush mining camp in the Dakota
Territory of the late 1870's. ""Deadwood"" is the back story of a joke like ""The Aristocrats""
and of everything else that is joyously vulgar in American culture and that our new
Puritans want to stamp out. It's the ur-text of Vegas and hip-hop and pulp fiction. It
captures with Boschian relish what freedom, by turns cruel and comic and exhilarating,
looked and sounded like at full throttle in frontier America before anyone got around to
building churches or a government.

Its creator is David Milch, a former Yale fraternity brother of George W. Bush and the
onetime protégé of Robert Penn Warren, whose 1946 novel ""All the King's Men"" upends
bowdlerized fairy tales about American politics just as ""Deadwood"" dismantles
Hollywood's old sanitized Westerns. As Mr. Milch says in an interview on the DVD of the
first ""Deadwood"" season: ""It's very well documented that the obscenity of the West was
striking, and that the obscenity of mining camps was unbelievable."" There was ""a
tremendous energy to the language,"" he adds, but the reason this language never surfaced
in movie Westerns during the genre's heyday was the Hays production code. For some 30
years starting in 1934, Hollywood's self-censorship strictures kept even married couples in
separate beds on screen.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023098
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014852.txt,"Case 9:0&aé807E5-d0A07 4 oR niLketinteniterésd-49 FES@ DGCket104/P7dge 15 ofPidge 6 of 10

Jane Doe #3, in violation of her rights under the CVRA” (id. at 3); and “The Government was
well aware of Jane Doe #3 when it was negotiating the NPA, as it listed her as a victim in the
attachment to the NPA” (id. at 6). As none of Jane Doe 4’s factual details relate to non-parties,
the Court finds it unnecessary to strike the portion of the Rule 21 Motion related to her
circumstances. Regarding the Declaration in support of Petitioners’ response to Mr.
Dershowitz’s motion to intervene (DE 291-1), the Court shall strike paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 11, 13,
15, 19 through 53, and 59, as they contain impertinent details regarding non-parties. Regarding
the Declaration of Jane Doe 3 in support of the Rule 21 Motion (DE 310-1), the Court shall strike
paragraphs 7 through 12, 16, 39, and 49, as they contain impertinent details regarding non-
parties. Jane Doe 3 is free to reassert these factual details through proper evidentiary proof,
should Petitioners demonstrate a good faith basis for believing that such details are pertinent to a
matter presented for the Court’s consideration.

As mentioned, Mr. Dershowitz moves to intervene “for the limited purposes of moving to
strike the outrageous and impertinent allegations made against him and requesting a show cause
order to the attorneys that have made them.” (DE 282 at 1). As the Court has taken it upon itself
to strike the impertinent factual details from the Rule 21 Motion and related filings, the Court
concludes that Mr. Derschowitz’s intervention in this case is unnecessary. Accordingly, his

motion to intervene will be denied as moot.’ Regarding whether a show cause order should

* This also moots Mr. Dershowitz’s Motion for Leave to File Supplemental Reply in
Support of Motion for Limited Intervention. (DE 317). Denying Mr. Dershowitz’s motion to
intervene also renders moot Petitioners’ motion (DE 292) to file a sealed document supporting its
response to Mr. Dershowitz’s motion. It will accordingly be denied as moot, and DE 293 (the
sealed response) will be stricken from the record.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014852
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017185.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Judge Aldrich immediately expressed skepticism about the reach of my argument, suggesting that
the Stanley decision wasn’t relevant to a movie theater. He told me about his grandmother who
“once went to a movie entitled Sur Les Troits de Paris. She thought it was a travelogue. She
didn’t after she got there of course...I heard about it.” I assured him that we had dealt with that
problem by providing a “prologue” that advises the audience who are admitted only before the
film begins what they are about to see:

“the story of a young girl who is trying to work out her relationships. There are a number
of scenes which show the young girl and her lover nude. Several scenes depict sexual
intercourse under various circumstances, some of them quite unusual. If you believe that
you would be offended or embarrassed by the showing of such scenes, you are invited at
this time to obtain a refund of your admission at the box office.”

As Judge Aldrich continued to press me about his grandmother’s sensibilities, I was reminded of
the old Jewish joke about the man with the broken watch who goes into a storefront window and
asks the man behind the counter to fix his watch. “I don’t fix watches. I perform circumcisions,”
the man replied. “Then why do you have clocks and watches in your window,” the customer
wondered. “What do you think I should put in my window?” the store owner responded.

I had that joke in my head when I offered the following argument to Judge Aldrich:

If a store were to open in Boston which was simply marked “Pornography Shop,” it had
nothing in the window, it had no advertising, it was a place where people like Stanley
could come and quietly and discreetly purchase their 8mm films, [I submit] that Stanley vs.
Georgia would proscribe prosecution of that seller. I submit that necessarily if there is this
right to exercise one’s freedom to read and see a film, there is necessarily the concomitant
right to purchase it. But the state has a great interest in making sure that the purchasing is
not done in a way that intrudes on sensibilities or intrudes on other legitimate interests.

The judges pressed me on whether obscene films, even when viewed in a restricted theater, could

cause viewers to go out and commit crimes such as rape. I responded that if that were true, it

would be just as likely—perhaps even more so—that a person watching such films alone in his
basement would be influenced in that manner. I argued that Stanley had implicitly rejected that
theory.

The questioning persisted, with Judge Julian wondering whether Judge Aldrich’s aunt was typical:
As a matter of common sense though, unless we are to be so gullible as to be incredibly
gullible, don’t the great vast majority of the people who go to a theater to see a film like
this know what they’re going to see?

MR. DERSHOWITZ: Precisely.

JUDGE JULIAN: So this prologue is a lot of nonsense, just a gesture to try to wipe out-----

98

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017185
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015594.txt,"I. DERSHOWITZ MUST BE ALLOWED TO SHARE ROBERTS’S DEPOSITION
TRANSCRIPT WITH THOSE WORKING ON DERSHOWITZ’S BEHALF AS
PART OF THIS LITIGATION.

Dershowitz asks the Court to modify the Confidentiality Order to allow Dershowitz to
use the transcript in ways necessary for his defense including sharing the transcript with any
counsel and other legal support, experts, consultants, insurers, and others typically permitted
access to supposedly confidential information in addition to using it with potential witnesses and
others as deemed necessary in the professional judgment of his counsel as set forth above.
Dershowitz and his attorneys are aware of and will abide by the Florida Rules of Professional
Conduct, including its comments, regarding the handling of any information deemed by this
Court to be confidential within the limitations of the applicable rules.

it. ALLOWING DERSHOWITZ TO USE THE DEPOSITION FOR THE LIMITED
PURPOSES OF HIS DEFENSE IS REQUIRED BY FLORIDA LAW.

Florida law requires that any sealing order be the least restrictive means necessary to
accomplish its purpose. The Florida Supreme Court held in Barron v. Florida Freedom
Newspapers, 531 So. 2d 113 (Fla. 1988), that a sealing order can be entered only where “no
reasonable alternative is available to accomplish the desired result, and, if none exists, the trial
court must use the least restrictive closure necessary to accomplish its purpose.” Jd. at 118
(emphasis added); see also Carter v. Conde Nast Publ’ns, 983 So. 2d 23, 26 (Fla. 5th DCA
2008) (“an order sealing court records must state, inter alia, the particular grounds for making the
court records confidential, that the closure is no broader than necessary, and that there are no less
restrictive measures available.”).

This Court has not set forth any reasons addressing a request by Roberts to seal her
deposition transcript, much less determined that “no reasonable alternative is available” to

accomplish Roberts’s desired result. See News-Press Publ’g Co. v. State, 345 So. 2d 865, 867

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015594
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027194.txt,"Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3BDF675B-05F2-4A00-B15C-A3DA53B8BB06
Message: Think of welfare payments

Sender:

Time: 03/01/17 08:34:58 AM (510078898)

Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B55CEA68-4BF3-46B2-B377-5D46AFBADS58A
Message:

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tolga_Soyata/publication/257920722 Medical Data Analytics in the cloud_
using Homomorphic_Encryption/links/00463534ee1b5ae5e4000000/Medical-Data-Analytics-in-the-cloud-using-

Homomorphic-Encryption.pdf

Sender:

Time: 03/01/17 08:35:00 AM (510078900)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 676CAA3A-F8D1-426B-BEDC-3BFD574CEB90
Message: I really like this Homomorphic Encryption

Sender:
Time: 0 17 10:11:12 AM (510171072)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: C3A6A2A6-33E2-497F-B568-2F6C3C89D8E0
Message: What now

Sender:
Time: 03/02/17 10:12:02 AM (510171122)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6EC89FE3-736F-4CC0-9545-5E9067E0B573

Message: He's basically saying that all the stuff bill told me to say is already being done by others and that health

care has an advocacy strategy (without this) etc etc

Sender:

Time: 03/02/17 10:12:45 AM (510171165)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AD50A373-E7FD-46BC-BF4D-A1DOF8DAE410

Message: Should I reply Larry only and copy bill and say great looking forward to the conversation or just have a

bunch more conversations or what? It's getting ridiculous

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027194
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031684.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/30/2019 9:43:09 PM 
To: Michael Wolff 
Subject: Re: 
Salvator Mundi, the last known da Vinci painting in private hands, has an incredible 
provenance. Rybolovlev purchased it for $127 million in 2013 through his art dealer, the 
Swiss businessman Yves Bouvier. Bouvier, the owner and operator of several freeports, 
bought the painting for $80 million with the intention of selling it to Rybolovlev at a steep 
profit. Its owner before Bouvier, the New York City-based gallerist Robert Simon, found 
the painting at an estate auction in New Orleans in 2005. He paid just $10,000. 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:41 PM Michael Wolff • wrote: 
You have an art guy? 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:40 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
In addition my art guyd said the painting wasn't very good 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:37 PM Michael Wolff •cflEll wrote: 
Starting to smell sweet, the way you put it! 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:35 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
reminder trump overuled congress on yemen. 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:33 PM Michael Wolff wrote: 
So MBS was paying him off? Why? Ideas? 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:29 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
is it a coincidence that the russian that bought the house in palm beach and knows all , is the same guy 
that sold a painting last year to mbs for 450 million dollars. that was only worth 1. 5m? 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031684 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031685 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018827.txt,"Area Analysis

17

Hotel Performance

+ 74.0%

- 72.0%

- 70.0%

- 68.0%

+ 66.0%

| 64.0%

62.0%

$150.00 a 60.0%

2013 2014 |

mums ADR $307.43 $308.98
RevPar $198.37 $209.53
—#— Occupancy 64.5% LE 67.8%

Source: Smith Travel Research (STR Inc.)

According to STR, there are 453 rooms in the active pipeline, which would add 8.6% to the existing
room stock of 4,818 rooms. These projects include the 153-room, proposed Embassy Suites in the
mahogany Run area, and the 300-room, proposed Hyatt Regency in Mandal Bay. In addition, a hotel
project was recently announced on Water Island; however, the developers have not yet announced a
brand or number of proposed rooms.

Housing / Property

As the supply of housing has increased in the last two decades, homeownership rates have also
increased, although only slightly. Rates increased 1.9 percentage points between 2000 and 2010, and
increased an additional 3.8 percentage points from 2010 to 2012. Average home prices dropped by
11.8 percent in 2008, but then increased in 2009 and 2010 by 4 percent and 12.3 percent,
respectively. In 2012, average home prices fell 17.4% and then rebounded in 2013 with an increase of
22.1%. The average sales price in 2013 was $538,369. Presumably, much of the increased supply of
new homes and condominiums has gone to non-residents and vacationers. Over the past decade,
housing costs have accelerated at a far greater pace than resident incomes, putting home ownership
beyond the reach of all but a few relatively wealthy islanders.

In 2013, St. Thomas and St. John had an average home sale price of $713,183, while the average home
sale price in St. Croix was $306,083. While prices have not caught up with what they were in 2007, St.
Thomas and St. John have seen some recovery in the overall housing market. St. Croix, however,
continues to suffer from the closing of the Hovensa refinery. In 2014, the average single family home
sales price in St. Croix was $334,167, while in St. Thomas it was $909,839. 2015 year to date averages
are show an increase in average single family home price in St. Croix and a decrease in St. Thomas and
St. John, with averages of $414,178 and $759,811 respectively.

ire
IGY American Yacht Harbor Marina

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018827
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020360.txt,"208

PART SIX

CONCLUSIONS

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020360
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011103.txt,"beyond depreciation recovery, is simply less consumption with no growth to show
for it. My charts and tables show that this has been true wherever and whenever
tested, in eight economies over 40 to 140 years. We crowd our niches like other
creatures, I think, and have no room for growth except as innovation widens the
niche. The charts and tables seem to tell us that innovation costs no more in failure

rates and learning curves that daily coping does.

Macroeconomics and Keynes

Macro emerged in the 1930s under the influence of Keynes. Simon Kuznets, the chief
architect of the U.S. national accounts, was one of the five economists Keynes invited
to proof the chapters of his General Theory as he wrote them’. National accounts

were soon reorganized along Keynesian lines.

To read the General Theory, a beautiful work, one would think that counter opinions
were led by his close friend Arthur Pigou. But Pigou was already in print with
recommendations much like Keynes’ when it was published in 1936. Opposition
came rather from Mises, the other Austrians, Lionel Robbins and the Chicago school.
They argued that intervention tends to make things worse. So do many economists
today. Keynes believed in fiscal and monetary policy as I describe in Chapter 1. He

favored fiscal policy.

Chapter 2 said that he made a basic distinction between investment producing new
things and repurchase of things already produced. Only the first counted as real
investment. The difference matters because only the first puts plant and people to
work. Transfers neither add nor subtract value. Even so, my own language counts all
as investment, and ranks investment only by return. I make no distinction among
investment adding new plant and equipment, or investment in stocks and bonds

already issued, or in existing structures, or even under the mattress.

3 The others were Harrod, Sraffa, Joan Robinson and Ralph Hawtree.

Chapter 8 Banks, Money and Macroeconomics 2/8/16 14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011103
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020406.txt,"254

10.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN

Did Snowden Act Alone?

>

“Totality of Snowden’s Actions,”— Author’s interview
with Michael Hayden. Also, “Hayden interview,” Meet
The Press, NBC, December 15, 2013

“Maclean stole immensely valuable. ..”—See Appendix
A, Donald Maclean

“Whistle blower Bradley Birkenfeld...”-- David
Kocieniewski, “Whistle-Blower Awarded $104 Million by
I.R.S.” New York Times, September 11, 2012

“Whistle-blower Daniel Ellsberg...”-- Martin Arnold,
“Pentagon Papers Charges Are Dismissed,” New York
Times, May 11, 1973

“FBI office in Media...”-- Mark Mazzetti, “Burglars
Who Took On F.B.I. Abandon Shadows,” New York
Times, January 7, 2014

“Agee left the CIA...”—See Phillip Agee in Appendix
A

“Kalugin a top Soviet...”—See Oleg Kalugin in Appendix A

“A treasure trove of...”—Christopher Andrews, The Sword
and the Shield (Basic Books, New York) 2000 p.206

“Tt is inconceivable to me...”— Author’s interview with
a former Booz Allen executive who requested
anonymity.

“We know that Snowden...”-- Runa A. Sandvik, “That
One Time I Threw a Crypto Party with Edward
Snowden,” Forbes, May 27, 2014.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020406
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011665.txt,"brokered a cease-fire to halt Palestinian Katyusha rocket fire into Israel. It was
generally holding.

But fundamentally, Arik’s war plan was not a response to the Katyushas. It
was a way of using military force to achieve Prime Minister Begin’s political
aim: stopping the Camp David peace process in its tracks, and ensuring it did
not go beyond the peace treaty with Egypt. And even that message was not
principally intended for the Palestinians, I suspect, but for the Americans.
Israel’s Labor-led governments had always calculated that we needed at least
some measure of support from foreign allies, especially the US. Under Begin,
we'd already bombed Saddam Hussein’s nuclear reactor without telling the
Americans beforehand. Shortly after I returned to the kirya, he provoked further
anger in Washington by announcing the de facto annexation of the Golan — in
effect “balancing” our Sinai withdrawal with a dramatic reassertion of Israeli
control over other land captured in the 1967 war. Part of Arik’s plan in Lebanon
was to deliver an even more forceful riposte to any suggestion that we would
give up control of the West Bank and Gaza.

Yet these political aims, which I was gradually beginning to grasp in their
full form through my discussions with Arik, were only part of the reason I was
deeply uneasy about the plans for our Lebanon invasion. Having now spent
nearly two decades in the military, I recognized that the security challenge north
of the border was real. I did not believe it was inherently wrong for Begin’s
government to order a pre-emptive military operation with the aim of ending it.
My view, as an army officer, was that the decision on how, when and whether
to go to war was for our elected government. But for that principle to work, I
also believed that government ministers had to know what they were deciding.
The more we geared up for an invasion, the less certain I became that Begin’s
cabinet understood what we were planning to do.

Arik’s original plan was codenamed Oranim: Hebrew for “pine trees”. It
involved pushing deep into Lebanon, all the way up to the strategically critical
road that ran between Beirut and Damascus. We would link up in Beirut with
the main Maronite Christian force, the Phalangists, whom we had been
supporting and training for several years. When that plan was presented to
Begin’s cabinet at the end of 1981, however, most ministers opposed it. Thus
was born Arik’s Plan B, so-called “Little Pines”. Its stated aim was a lot more
modest. We would create a “security zone” — a 40-kilometer, or 25-mile, strip
running north of the border with Lebanon.

194
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011665
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029975.txt,"Date: Tuesday, January 20 2015 12:14 AM 
Subject: are they still bothering you/ if so what about 
From: jeffrey E. <jeevacation©grnail.corn> 
To: 
I have to hand it to ms I'm sure she deserves the pretty penny she has made for her effort. She has 
certainly caught the imagination of a public hungry for salacious fiction. To suggest her story is anything other 
than that, a fiction , is ludicrous. Presidents at dinner on caribean islands. ( clinton was never ever there, easy 
to confirm ). Sharing a bath with a Prince ( bathtub too small even for one adult ). sex slave being paid 
thousands of dollars. ( while at the exact same time, she was working as a hostess in a burger bar ). being 
lent out to a prime minister though this prime mininster, never out of sight of his massive security detail also 
never visited the island„ sex on a small airplane with a famous lawyer while the other passengers must have 
been all looking out the window during the event . I would have thought that her fabrications were readilly 
apparent , but now , being asked to deny what the press has termed her"" allegations "" is frankly silly. ok, to 
play along I deny each and every allegation. The only person she didn't suggest she was forced to have sex 
with , was Bilbo Baggins. , maybe its in the sequel. 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com , and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029975 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019287.txt,"Freedom House

lraq’s seizure of Kuwait in 1990. China's claim of
ownership of the South China Sea, along with its
creeping militarization of previously uninhabited
islets, is at least as ambitious as Russia's move,
though the impact is perhaps less jolting given
the dearth of occupied populations.

There have been other reversions to 20th-centu-
ry methods of repression. For example:

Political prisoners: During the 20th century,
opposition figures, political dissidents, advocates
for minority groups, and people who wrote critical
commentaries were regularly sentenced to prison
terms, often under grim conditions, by dicta-
torships of all stripes. Amnesty International's
founding mission was the defense of what were
called “prisoners of conscience,” and they ranged
from dissidents and Jewish refuseniks in the So-
viet Union to those who resisted right-wing juntas
in Latin America. Soviet dissidents like Natan
Sharansky and Vladimir Bukovsky were the focus
of international campaigns organized by human
rights organizations and cautiously embraced by
the United States and other governments.

The ranks of political prisoners declined sub-
stantially after the end of the Cold War and the
collapse of dictatorships in Latin America, Asia,
and to acertain extent Africa. Indeed, it was a
major objective of the new authoritarianism to
maintain political control without shedding blood
or putting people behind bars, actions that pro-
voked condemnation by human rights advocates,
democratic governments, and UN entities.

Recently, however, the political prisoner has
made a comeback. One notably egregious
offender is Azerbaijan. Under President Ilham
Aliyev, this country of just 9.4 million people has
amassed one of the world's largest numbers of
political prisoners per capita, with approximately
80 prisoners of conscience during 2015, accord-
ing to verified figures. Azerbaijan's repression
has grown despite the fact that Aliyev already
enjoyed near-total control of key institutions and
distinctly gentle treatment from U.S. and Euro-
pean political leaders due to Azerbaijan's role as
an alternative to Russian energy exports.

Venezuela also has a substantial number of
political prisoners—around 100 as of June 2016,
according to credible sources, including promi-

nent members of the political opposition.? Under
President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, some estimates
suggest that Egypt holds as many as 60,000 polit-
ical prisoners.’ Turkish authorities have similarly
rounded up tens of thousands of people in the
wake of the July 2016 coup attempt. A much
smaller country, Bahrain, has convicted hundreds
of people of political crimes since 2011, when the
monarchy began arresting members of the polit-
ical opposition who were demanding democratic
elections and other freedoms.’

China is in a class by itself. Since the 1989
crackdown on prodemocracy protests in Tian-
anmen Square, the Communist Party leadership
has regularly jailed political dissidents, espe-
cially those who argued publicly for democratic
political changes or made gestures toward the
formation of opposition political parties. The
most notable political prisoner is Liu Xiaobo, the
Nobel Peace Prize winner who was sentenced to
11 years in prison in 2009. However, conditions
have grown far worse under President Xi Jinping,
as a numbing procession of lawyers, journalists,
bloggers, women's advocates, minority rights
campaigners, and religious believers have been
detained, placed under house arrest, disap-
peared, or sentenced to prison.>

Public confessions: Humiliating public con-
fessions of ideological crimes were a staple of
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's purges and Mao
Zedong’s Cultural Revolution in China. They
were also employed by Eastern European sat-
ellite regimes during the show trials of the late
1940s. A peculiarly communist technique, the
public confession was largely abandoned after
the deaths of Stalin and Mao.

Under Xi, China has revived the practice. A grow-
ing list of editors, human rights lawyers, and advo-
cates of political reform have been coerced into
making televised confessions of their “crimes.”
The Chinese authorities even intimidated a Swed-
ish citizen, legal reform activist Peter Dahlin, into
confessing that he broke Chinese law and “hurt
the feelings of the Chinese people.” Dahlin was
accused of endangering state security by funding
human rights lawyers and compiling reports on
the state of human rights in China.®

ntensified media domination: Most modern au-
thoritarian countries allowed a sufficient degree

www.freedomhouse.org

53

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019287
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032023.txt,"From: Mitchell Barca |
on behalf of Mitchell Barc

Sent: 7/1/2019 12:46:20 PM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com
Subject: AICE Update: Did the British promise the Arabs independence in Palestine?

Ed

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032023
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020866.txt,"What’s the Proper Level of This and That? What's Normal?

We begin with the premise that for an enterprise (even a country
that can ‘print money’ and tax) to be sustainable, it cannot lose
money on an ongoing basis.

Successful businesses (and households) typically base their
expenses on their ability to generate present and future revenue
- in other words, they don’t spend unless they can pay.

We analyze the data and present scenarios and options for solving
the math and financial challenges facing USA Inc.

KP
i USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts 49

This page is intentionally left blank.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020866
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025197.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/28/2017 11:44:32 PM 
To: LHS [ 
Subject: Re: Is Donald still feeling good 
Importance: High 
you should hook up with gates or hoffmand and do the donor advised fund. you should lead the education 
initaitive. , church, genetics. , jobs climate projects. , etc. 
On Sun, May 28, 2017 at 7:36 PM, LHS < > wrote: 
More would represent Donald if Kaslowitz out of picture. Not surprising, very hard to be law firm 
representing POTUS and know what to do when potus lies to u. 
My world thinks poorly of Gorelick for representing Jared. 
How guilty is Donald? 
Of crudity surely 
Of gross ignorance surely 
Of being utterly without the intellect temperament for job surely 
Of being over line on family profiting very likely 
Of gross disregard for appearances almost surely. 
Of Russians having financial leverage. Less clear 
Of Russians helping in. Election w complicity of his campaign plausible but not certain 
Strikes me if u work for Donald u don't free lance so he is guilty of whatever his campaign did. 
Do u agree w foregoing? 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com  
From: jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Sent: Sunday, May 28, 2017 7:28 PM 
Subject: Re: Is Donald still feeling good 
To: LHS _________________________ 
wild, there will be some changes this week.. funny but kaslowitz is getting turned down repeatedly, by 
firms unwilling to represent donald. 
On Sun, May 28, 2017 at 7:22 PM, LHS < > wrote: 
R u still plugged in to the show? 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025197 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025198 
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023926.txt,"180 Teaching Minds

alternatives, and finally decided on an explanation, and then perhaps
you tested that explanation another time. A self-generated explana-
tion is a hypothesis, and hypotheses that we have come up with our-
selves serve as the basis for learning. We tend to remember what we
ourselves have said and thought more than we remember the words
of others,

Rule #7: Help students come up with their own explanations
when they have made a mistake.

Here is the next one.

Mistake #8: Thinking that a student remembers what you just
taught him

I can’t tell you how many times I have said X in a lecture or dis-
cussion only to be asked why I believed not X. Why does this happen?
People really don’t listen. They are not being annoying. They really
can’t easily listen. There is so much going on in their own heads while
you are talking that it is remarkable they hear anything of what any-
one says to them. Teachers live in a world where students are worried
about the perceptions of their friends, events at home, and a million
other things that have nothing to do with what a teacher is saying. A
teacher simply cannot assume that a student will remember what he
was just told. In any case, a teacher shouldn't necessarily be telling
students the truth.

How could telling a student the truth be a bad idea? When tell-
ing is about facts, it is certainly a fine idea. But remember, I do not
think that it is the job of a teacher to tell students facts. A teacher’s
primary responsibility is to get students to understand the world bet-
ter and to help enhance their capabilities. Neither of these things hap-
pens through a teacher telling a student anything. Comprehension is
an internal affair, arrived at by thinking. Ability comes from practice.
Neither comes from a teacher. What a teacher can do is to encourage
students to take on more and thus enhance their capabilities, or think
more and thus enhance their comprehension. This means that telling
a student a fact that he needs just makes it all too simple. Figuring out
what you need is the real issue. Confirming what a student has dis-
covered is a fine idea, but even that isn’t always a matter of telling the
student the truth. A Socratic teacher might deny what he knows is true

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023926
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030634.txt,"From: ee

Sent: 6/24/2016 10:34:22 AM
To: jeevacation@gmail.com

Importance: — High

Where are you? Not answering your cell
what the f... Does going to open 1k down not good... Trump is saying its a great thing really???

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030634
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033185.txt,"constitute inside information, and is intended only for

the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this

communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited

and may be unlawful. If you have received this

communication in error, please notify us immediately by

return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

destroy this communication and all copies thereof,

including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Disclaimer This email and any attachments to it may be confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual to
whom it is addressed. Any views or opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent
those of Global Counsel LLP and Global Counsel Advisory Limited . If you are not the intended recipient of this email, you
must neither take any action based upon its contents, nor copy or show it to anyone. Please contact the sender if you
believe you have received this email in error. Global Counsel LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England with
number 0C359787, registered office New Bridge Street House, 30-34 New Bridge Street, London, United Kingdom EC4V 6B).
Disclaimer This email and any attachments to it may be confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual to
whom it is addressed. Any views or opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent
those of Global Counsel LLP and Global Counsel Advisory Limited . If you are not the intended recipient of this email, you
must neither take any action based upon its contents, nor copy or show it to anyone. Please contact the sender if you
believe you have received this email in error. Global Counsel LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England with
number 0C359787, registered office New Bridge Street House, 30-34 New Bridge Street, London, United Kingdom EC4V 6B).

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
Disclaimer This email and any attachments to it may be confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual to
whom it is addressed. Any views or opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those
of Global Counsel LLP and Global Counsel Advisory Limited . If you are not the intended recipient of this email, you must
neither take any action based upon its contents, nor copy or show it to anyone. Please contact the sender if you believe you
have received this email in error. Global Counsel LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England with number
0C359787, registered office New Bridge Street House, 30-34 New Bridge Street, London, United Kingdom EC4V 6B).
Disclaimer This email and any attachments to it may be confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual to
whom it is addressed. Any views or opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those
of Global Counsel LLP and Global Counsel Advisory Limited . If you are not the intended recipient of this email, you must
neither take any action based upon its contents, nor copy or show it to anyone. Please contact the sender if you believe you
have received this email in error. Global Counsel LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England with number
0C359787, registered office New Bridge Street House, 30-34 New Bridge Street, London, United Kingdom EC4V 6B).

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033185
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024091.txt,"If it were ultimately established that the Fund is engaged in a U.S. trade or business, the Fund
generally would be required to withhold and remit to the U.S. government a percentage of the
Fund’s net income and gains that are both effectively connected with that trade or business and
allocated to Non-U.S. Partners, and would be liable for interest and penalties with respect to
amounts which were not so withheld. The relevant withholding percentage is the maximum
U.S. federal income tax rate for individuals or corporations, as applicable. In addition, Non-U.S.
Partners generally would be required to file U.S. federal income tax returns and pay tax in
respect of their shares of the Fund’s effectively connected income including capital gains, but
would be allowed a credit against U.S. federal income tax liability for amounts withheld by the
Fund on their behalf. Non-U.S. Partners which are non-U.S. corporations might also be subject
to a “branch profits” tax on certain earnings of the Fund deemed to have been repatriated to
those Partners.

Treatment of Interest and Dividends from U.S. Sources - Certain categories of investment
income from U.S. sources realized by the Fund, such as dividends and interest, generally will be
subject to U.S. income tax withholding, at a 30% rate on the gross amount of that income, when
included in the distributive shares of Non-U.S. Partners. A Non-U.S. Partner whose distributive
share of such income is subject to U.S. withholding tax may be able to claim an exemption or a
reduced rate of withholding under a tax treaty or convention between the U.S. and that
Partner's country of residence by providing appropriate documentation regarding that
Partner’s residence for tax purposes and its satisfaction of any conditions imposed by the treaty.
A Non-U.S. Partner resident in a jurisdiction with which the U.S. has a tax treaty, however, will
not be entitled to the benefits of that treaty with respect to that Non-U.S. Partner’s distributive
share of the Fund’s income and gains unless the Fund is treated as fiscally transparent under
the law of that non-US. jurisdiction and certain other conditions are satisfied. Finally, in order
to claim the benefits of a tax treaty to reduce U.S. withholding tax on U.S.-source interest and
dividends paid by corporations that are not actively traded, a Non-U.S. Partner — and any
direct or indirect equity owner of a Non-U.S. Partner seeking treaty benefits for itself because
the Non-U.S. Partner is considered fiscally transparent in that equity owner’s jurisdiction —
generally will be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number from the IRS and may
be required to provide that number and certain other documentation to the Fund. Other
exemptions may be available for certain types of interest income.

Treatment of the Fund’s Capital Gains from U.S. Sources - Under current U.S. law, in general,
capital gains attributable to sales by the Fund of the securities of U.S. corporations will not be
subject to U.S. federal income taxation or tax withholding when allocated to a Non-U.5. Partner
unless that Partner is an individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the
taxable year in which such gains are realized and certain other conditions are satisfied.

This general rule does not apply to gains attributable to a U.S. trade or business or gains
attributable to dispositions of securities of any “United States real property holding
corporation” (“USRPHC”), defined in Section 897 of the Code as, in general, a company with
50% or more of the fair market value of its business assets consisting of interests in U.S. real
estate and related assets. Capital gains attributable to sales by the Fund of the securities of a
U.S. corporation that is a USRPHC (other than debt securities with no equity component) may
be subject to U.S. income tax, collected initially by withholding, to the extent allocated to any
Non-U.S. Partner. Non-U.S. Partners would also be required to file U.S. federal income tax

80 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024091
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020872.txt,"Conclusions: 100-Year Review of USA Inc. Income Statement

* America’s government has grown dramatically - USA Inc.’s revenue as percent of
GDP has risen from 2% to 15%. Individual / social insurance (Social Security +
Medicare) taxes have risen dramatically while customs / excise / estate taxes
have declined in relative importance. In addition, USA Inc.’s spending as percent
of GDP has risen to 24% in 2010, up from 3% average between 1790 and 1930.

¢ USA Inc.’s average operating income was at or near breakeven for most of the
periods from 1910 to 1970.

In the 1970s, as healthcare expenses (related to Medicare and Medicaid) began
to surge, USA Inc. reported more frequent — and bigger — losses. Since 1970,
USA Inc. showed a profit just 4 times (F1998-F2001, when economic growth was
especially robust and defense spending was relatively low).

¢ General expense trends since 1970: non-defense discretionary spending has
been flattish (except in recessions with material one-time charges), healthcare
spending (largely Medicare + Medicaid) has risen materially, Social Security
spending has been flattish, defense spending has been down to flattish, and
interest payments varied with interest rates.

KP
i USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 61

Operations of USA Inc. Are Solid,

Excluding Medicare / Medicaid and One-Time Charges

Revenues of USA Inc. (largely from individual and corporate income and
payroll taxes) can fund most expenses (largely spending on defense,
Social Security, unemployment insurance, education, law enforcement,
transportation, energy, infrastructure, federal employee & veteran
benefits, and interest payments).

In fact, for USA Inc.'s operations besides Medicare / Medicaid and
one-time expenses, there’s ample scope to increase spending for
defense, education, law enforcement, transportation, infrastructure
and energy by ~4%* in aggregate and still remain break-even.

Note: *Excluding Medicare / Medicaid revenue & expenses, USA Inc.’s expenses are, on average, 4% below revenue levels
P from F1996 to F2010 based on our calculation of White House OMB data.
(@E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 62

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020872
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023932.txt,"186 Teaching Minds

As long as the customers keep coming, as long as people will do
anything to get their kids into Yale, Yale will not have to change. Now
bear in mind that going to Yale isn’t such a bad experience. This is
not my point. But Yale’s attitude (and every other top university’s at-
titude) toward what those universities are inherently about is seriously
harming the education of every high school student and almost every
college student in the country. Yale doesn’t know that it is doing this.

The faculty of Yale didn’t wake up one morning and think that
destroying the American education system would be a good idea. They
never think that subject-based education is a bad thing. They are pro-
fessors of subjects, after all. It makes sense to them.

Most of the Yale faculty doesn’t think for even a minute about
the U.S. high school system, or the community college system, or the
thousands of other colleges in the United States. Yale professors are
thinking about their research, ideas, and projects. Yale administrators
are thinking about making Yale work better and about money and
prestige issues. They are not thinking that the subject-based education
that is the basis of the university structure has filtered down to high
school for no good reason. They think that there is a good reason: to
prepare high school students for college, namely to make the profes-
sors’ lives easier when the students arrive at college.

They do not know they are killing education with their subject ori-
entation. But they are, just as surely as if they had a plan to do so and
were working on it on a daily basis. And, the parents who just must
send their kids to Yale are regularly giving them the power to continue
doing just that.

People who do not live and work within the confines of a great
university imagine that professors are basically teachers, like high
school teachers but more intellectual. They do not understand the col-
lective mindset at a place like Yale, a mindset that the Yale faculty, for
the most part, is perfectly happy with. They do not understand why
asking what I taught was a funny question. They do not readily get, if
teaching isn’t a professor’s main concern, what exactly his concerns
would be.

To explain all this requires looking at the life of a typical Yale fac-
ulty member and beginning to understand the world in which he
lives. We must begin by understanding the aims of the university it-
self. Universities are employers, after all, and professors, like any other
employee, worry about what their boss thinks of them. Curiously,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023932
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033191.txt,"From: Richard Kahn

Sent: 11/11/2016 5:57:27 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Trump’s possible cabinet picks

Importance: — High

http://www. marketwatch.com/story/from-zero-to-hero-most-of-trumps-specu lated-cabinet-was-in-the-policy-
wi lderness-before-election-2016-11-11/print

Richard Kahn

HBRK Associates Inc.

575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor
New York, NY 10022

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033191
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030620.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 10/19/2013 12:30:10 AM

To: Fred Haddad

cc: Tonja Haddad Coleman ; Darren indyk qin: Debbie Fein

Subject: Re: Request for comment from The Mail on Sunday with noon ET Saturday deadline re Mr Bradley Edwards vs Mr

Jeffrey Epstein

Privileged - Redacted

On Fri. Oct 18.2013 at 8:10 PM. Fred Haddad SUMMIT

Privileged - Redacted

i !
DS mii mi i mi mit mii mii miki i mii i i mi mnt mh i mihi iii mi i me mi mi mii miki im ni i i me i i ma mi i 1

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 18, 2013, at 6:38 PM, Tonja Haddad Coleman i! wrote:

Tonja Haddad Coleman, Esq.
Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: Sharon Churcher
Date: October 18, 2013 at 6:32:28 PM EDT

<tonja@tonjahaddad.com>
Ce: Nick Pyke , Liz Hartley as
Subject: Request for comment from The Mail on Sunday with noon ET Saturday deadline re Mr

Bradley Edwards vs Mr Jeffrey Epstein

Dear Sirs:

We are preparing an article about the calendaring today of Mr Edwards' claim against Mr Epstein for jury trial
and the witness list which names and other young women who allege they were underage
victims of Mr Epstein.

Mr Edwards claims that Mr Epstein maliciously attempted to intimidate him and his clients into retracting their
claims.

Ms further has stated to us that she intends to testify that she was flown to London by Mr Epstein and
instructed to have sex at age 17 with Prince Andrew. She alleges that she was paid $15k for this encounter.

She claims that on another occasion, Mr Epstein flew two young women to a dinner for the purpose of

entertaining President Clinton. She claims she herself was sex trafficked to several other men, whose contact
information is contained in an address book of Mr Epstein's filed in court records.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030620
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012378.txt,"oS

DOJ also opposes subsection (b). Since the passage of the TVPA, DOJ has been one of
the principal agencies conducting trainings for a multitude of audiences, including task forces
and Federal, state, and local law enforcement, on the issue of trafficking in persons. The
Department also has experience in conducting training on juvenile victims through the Innocence
Lost National Initiative. Effective efforts to combat trafficking must mobilize the expertise of
HAS, DHS, and DOJ.

DOJ also notes a misspelling in the new subsection (F)(ii)— “edibility” instead of
“eligibility”.

16. Section 214

Section 214 of the bill authorizes the Attorney General to make grants to assist victims of
severe forms of trafficking up to $2.5 million in 2008, increasing to $15 million in 2011. The
Department of Justice already has authority to make grants for the provision of services for crime
victims and does so at a level in excess of $250 million a year. Also, the authorization of yet
another grant program runs counter to the Administration’s proposal in the 2008 Budget to
consolidate DOJ’s more than 70 grant programs,

Moreover, any provision purporting to expand or alter definitions of individuals of
qualifying for victim benefits must include the requirement that a Federal law enforcement agent
must declare the individual to be a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons, and that the
victim agree to cooperate in the investigation and prosecution, or that the victim be under the age
of 18,

DOJ opposes the consultation requirement in subsection (a}(1) with the Secretary of State
for establishing programs to serve domestic, U.S. citizen trafficking victims. Such domestic
authority falls outside of the mission and expertise of the Department of State. DOJ also opposes
the mandatory consultation with non-government organizations (NGOs) regarding the provision
of services, This creates a conflict of interest since many of the NGOs will apply for and could
receive grants under the program. Finally, any section regarding the provision of victim services
must also contain language that includes organizations that provide services to “juveniles
subjected to trafficking, as defined in section 203(g) of the Trafficking Victims Protection
Reauthorization Act of 2005,” which would ensure that the funds authorized to the Attorney
General for establishment of grants will go toward the work and development of the Innocence
Lost Task Forces.

DOJ opposes subsection (b) because it provides Victims of Crime Act of 1984 funds to
prostitutes implicated in violations of the Mann Act (criminalizing transportation of prostitutes in
interstate commerce), Such persons do not meet the legal definition of “victim” as that term is
defined in the law, unless the person prostituted is under the age of 18 at the time the crime was
committed or the petson, through the application of another Federal statute or regulation,
satisfies the legal definition of a victim. Such persons are already eligibie under the Crime
Victims Fund Act to receive benefits.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012378
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024085.txt,"for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The following discussion is based on the assumption that
the Fund will not be treated as a “publicly traded partnership.”

Treatment of U.S. Partners and Non-US. Partners - The discussion below addresses separately
certain U.S. federal income tax matters relevant to U.S. Partners and Non-U.S. Partners. For
purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. person” generally means any U.S. citizen or resident
individual, any corporation, limited liability company, or partnership organized under U.S. law,
any estate (other than an estate the income of which, from sources outside the U.S. that is not
effectively connected with a trade or business within the U.S., is not includible in its gross
income for U.S. federal income tax purposes), and any trust if a court within the U.S. is able to
exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons
have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. The term “U.S. Partner”
means any partner that is a U.S. person and, unless the context otherwise requires, includes any
U.S. person that holds an equity interest in the Fund through one or more partnerships or other
entities treated as transparent for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The term “Non-U.S.
Partner” means a Partner that is not a U.S. person.

Taxation of Fund Operations Generally - As a partnership, the Fund will not pay U.S. federal
income taxes, but each U.S. Partner will be required to report that Partner’s distributive share
(whether or not distributed) of the Fund’s income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of the
character specified in Section 702 of the Code. It is possible that the U.S. Partners could incur
U.S. federal income tax liabilities without receiving from the Fund sufficient distributions to
defray such tax liabilities. The Fund’s taxable year will be the calendar year, or such other
period as required by the Code. Tax information will be delivered to all Partners on an annual
basis to enable the Partners to complete their tax returns.

Election to Adjust Basis of Fund Assets - Under the principal agreements relating to the Fund
and Section 754 of the Code, the General Partner will have the authority to elect to adjust the
basis of the Fund’s assets (commonly referred to as “Section 754 adjustments”) in connection
with certain distributions made by the Fund to Partners or certain transfers of Limited Partner
Interests in the Fund. Although the General Partner has no present intention of making an
election on behalf of the Fund under Section 754 of the Code, Section 754 adjustments may
nevertheless be mandatory under certain circumstances and could affect the amount of a
Partner’s allocations (for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of gain or loss recognized by the
Fund on a disposition of its assets.

The General Partner also will have the authority under the principal agreements relating to the
Fund to elect to treat the Fund as an “electing investment partnership” and, as a result,
potentially avoid making Section 754 adjustments that otherwise would be mandatory with
respect to certain transfers of Limited Partner Interests in the Fund. Such election, however,
may result in the disallowance (for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of certain losses allocated
by the Fund to transferees of Limited Partner Interests in the Fund. It is possible, however, that
the Fund will not be able to qualify as an electing investment partnership.

The General Partner will have the authority to require any Partner engaging in a transaction
that requires a Section 754 adjustment (for example, a transfer of the Partner’s Limited Partner

Interest) to bear the ongoing administrative and other costs incurred by the Fund or its Partners
in connection with these basis adjustment rules. These costs, which could be significant, may be

74 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024085
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022834.txt,"From: jeffrey E. <jeeyacation@gmail.com> 
Sent: Friday, January 16, 2015 9:37 AM 
To: Mortimer Zuckerman 
Subject: thoughts? 
Out of respect and love for my former girlfrend I have tried to keep her out of my mess. she was never 
questioned, or subpeonaed. her name never surfaced. Marie never contacted her. I though it right as a friend to 
protect her name. however during the entire time she was my serious girlfriend. She traveled 
with me almost everywhere, each house, she is on the plane many many times. she knew and remembers 
MI= She never saw anything that She can confirm 1. I was never alone at the 
house. staff, friends etc. , no girl ever complained , not once. 2. jane doe 1 and 2 , were local strippers, that 
would call all the time asking if they could do massages. . . they left message after message. 3. We had a 
serious love relationship, I had promised her not to involve her in my story as it was so sordid. . she was 22 - 
24 at the time. . 4 she has photos after photos showing we were together. . 5 she knows clinton was never on 
the island. 6 she knows no sex with steven hawking, she knows no sex with ehud as he was also never on the 
island. 6 she is 38 years old now and presentable. . 7 She woudl acknowledge that these girls asked to bring 
their friends . many of their best friends sat in the kitchen while they gave massages outside on the terrace. ( 
no sex J. . they certainly looked over age. nevr heard anyone say otherwise. , Jeffrey never asked for 
underage, that is crazy, . . 8. Min answered the phones. served coffee. . there were many massage 
people , men women, aged up to 60. 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation(&,gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
1 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022834 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027794.txt,"Source 
Entry:  H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2019-07-061111 
on 2019-06-13 at 19.42.38.ichat 
Service: iMessage 
Start Time: 06/14/19 01:26:08 PM (582236768) 
End Time: 07/06/19 04:37:44 PM (584149064) 
Last Message ID: 31875 
Chat Room: 
Participants: jee, 
Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, • 
Messages - 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/14/19 01:26:08 PM (582236768) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A7D94A79-1683-47BF-84C7-1BFA07258920 
Message: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-trumps-internal-polling-data-march-
showed-joe/story?id=63718268 
Sender: 
Time: 06/14/19 01:31:57 PM (582237117) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C8B0C6BC-3B13-4189-8A16-EAB36FBF2570 
Message: 15 down in Wisconsin 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/14/19 01:36:30 PM (582237390) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 746E73D4-AC75-4138-8E3E-E50A3CB9674D 
Message: wow 
Sender: 
Time: 06/14/19 11:39:21 PM (582273561) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 21B8A7B7-5E44-4F95-82B4-3109124BE6F3 
Message: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-48645342 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027794 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 02:19:26 AM (582283166) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2CB94E3C-4AB6-4462-80C2-16FAECOF7A90 
Message: Darren awol 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 02:52:19 AM (582285139) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3A887095-1268-4571-A575-AAB62FDDD9F3 
Message: No worry , with me as well. His mom back in hospital. 
your lawyer directly if you like 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 02:52:32 AM (582285152) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 41A4OCB1-D91F-459A-BCOB-F9798024EB86 
Message: Chinese blink on extradition. 
I will speak to 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 02:53:33 AM (582285213) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BO2C9AFF-8C6E-4D4B-A4A3-0A2DF3E1B905 
Message: Can you give me a proposed schedule . Ranch island. Paris. Harvard. 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 03:36:33 AM (582287793) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 928A2998-7B7D-4DF7-AE69-389150A63704 
Message: Standby 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027795 
Time: 06/15/19 03:38:58 AM (582287938) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 623ADO6B-64B8-4715-8067-E6009FE58D30 
Message: Miro. Here tomorrow. wow. Crazy goings on . - if you like send me the 
phone of your lawyer. I will call him give him the details 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 06:22:44 AM (582297764) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F0957F00-3F8B-4AC6-93EB-C6B26208138E 
Message: Before shooting sked can I get subject matter experts in science , math, Wall 
Street --- I have overall smes need personal 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 06:57:28 AM (582299848) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4A861717-1331-4FA2-8000-B4D58146E9AB 
Message: Going to have dan talk with u this morning -- lawyers should keep with lawyers 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 07:08:56 AM (582300536) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B3850230-A5C8-4B9C-8100-B2379FBA1CDF 
Message: Im back in 5 hrs 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 08:05:48 AM (582303948) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 61D18F29-6DBF-4BFF-BE5F-DACF895F06BF 
Message: Cool 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:20:35 AM (582312035) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027796 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7C8E4D7F-018C-49EC-A9C2-219603BDD731 
Message: Im told that as I am here . Leave lawyers to lawyers. Soo many people 
coming to see me. , I am told no privacy !! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:22:00 AM (582312120) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 849FABF3-49B5-4E1F-8F57-F2F145EA8E98 
Message: In essence. Crazy father of the world Donald. No one knows how to behave, 
has no choice. Siblings family squabbles. GREAT OPPORTUNITY. Saudi moving 
closer to china. ! ouch 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:31:18 AM (582312678) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5EFDC3A0-7860-4D19-9553-13E2DEE3C95E 
Message: Siblings family squabbles among trump or wider ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:31:42 AM (582312702) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3D71DD57-E222-45B1-B4A4-08D40E2826B3 
Message: Countries 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:31:57 AM (582312717) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 07C10F9F-5A3E-497A-A2FE-782C46A8BF82 
Message: Yes 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:31:59 AM (582312719) 
Flags: 1060865 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027797 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A86F3FCF-BBC3-43E7-B750-1FD1843A0246 
Message: Yes 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:32:01 AM (582312721) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F64B4AEB-E47E-4006-AF3E-70466C6C1609 
Message: Yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:32:23 AM (582312743) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2FB3357F-60BD-4E67-8A75-32342F4D29FB 
Message: Countries dependent on s strong daddy America all flipping out 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:45:36 AM (582313536) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 37B619BF-90BD-4753-A35D-2D62E6F8099F 
Message: Not looking for 'protectorates' 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:47:22 AM (582313642) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 25430DC2-269D-4277-96A1-2CBC1F639B24 
Message: No. Not financial. Emotional . There is a difference. 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:47:54 AM (582313674) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027798 
GUID: FBB547F6-FB9A-4B4A-BA98-12FFA672B1FA 
Message: Incredible 
Sender: 
Time: 06/15/19 10:47:58 AM (582313678) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 49EDFF64-ADEA-4FDO-A03A-DFCB525370AE 
Message: Incredible 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:50:05 AM (582313805) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 042133B8-8B6D-4C28-809B-702CB81161CA 
Message: Its the family issue of when do you put daddy in a home. ? all painful 
choices. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:51:51 AM (582313911) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F2B01A55-D244-4855-BA43-33BF7A463582 
Message: https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/be-prepared/trump-warns-us-will-suffer-
biggest-stock-market-crash-if-he-loses-in-2020/vp-AACVH6h 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/15/19 10:51:51 AM (582313911) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 054ED3EF-ODA8-4C75-9F85-4682AE7A4C70 
Message: . A prediction or a threat???! 
Sender: 111111111111 
Time: 06/16/19 05:55:39 AM (582382539) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D78E49C0-1F67-4119-A3FB-5ACAAC4C78F9 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027799 
Message: Junior varsity 'project fear' 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/16/19 05:56:22 AM (582382582) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 906A945B-C639-4A23-BEC4-52E13F416D87 
Message: Im here with miro , feel free to call 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 05:56:38 AM (582382598) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CF2EF090-3295-4858-8B07-DC93EDC2438D 
Message: Campaign in total disarray --- Bernie Marcus and the other hard core trump 
donors in panic because they are doing own polling 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 05:58:15 AM (582382695) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B32DC0F0-69A7-4ED6-8793-DF412D905C8D 
Message: You in Paris ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/16/19 05:58:25 AM (582382705) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 10451654-EC12-4806-B40A-87394B6B3406 
Message: Yup 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 08:07:22 AM (582390442) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 649BEBD6-C8DA-4793-B172-2E487450D934 
Message: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.indiewire.com/2019/06/russian-communist-
party-ban-chernobyl-hbo-1202150036/amp/ 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027800 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 08:08:40 AM (582390520) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2B6DA14D-37B5-4599-BB52-4DD5E431DC33 
Message: -- the scientist /math versus the the apparatus 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/16/19 08:10:54 AM (582390654) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 55D54726-4551-4CAD-A8A6-058EF8A19650 
Message: No hbo in Paris need to wait a few days for apple 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 08:11:15 AM (582390675) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 36A760A5-F445-4221-AD3E-D9771C15915F 
Message: It will blow u away 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/16/19 08:11:42 AM (582390702) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F96A0238-8B40-41CA-BDF8-E653894CA2AF 
Message: I loved the Harriet Tubman bill signing 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 08:11:59 AM (582390719) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4B604871-A101-40AF-9B9C-88CCOD85C937 
Message: Two fucking dollar bill 
Sender: 
Time: 06/16/19 08:12:14 AM (582390734) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027801 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EC74DF82-B994-4B1F-A92C-B720E56EE76D 
Message: #saveandrewjaxkson 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 02:33:44 AM (582456824) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A055F09D-7EB7-49C0-A8A4-DDC4CE36678E 
Message: Nato would like to check choice of miro with dc. Should he contact Bolton or 
pompeo 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 04:13:46 AM (582462826) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F4507D0C-7144-4A1C-BA52-252980FDAA04 
Message: Just out today in a science journal. OThose who think scientists understand 
the issues of prebiotic chemistry are wholly misinformed. Nobody understands them. 
Maybe one day we will. But that day is far from today. It would be far more helpful 
(and hopeful) to expose students to the massive gaps in our understanding. They may 
find a firmer-and possibly a radically different-scientific theory. The basis upon 
which we as scientists are relying is so shaky that we must openly state the situation 
for what it is: it is a mystery. 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 05:50:15 AM (582468615) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6CC01366-95CF-43B9-9DC7-79D1944E4F08 
Message: Wow: which journal ?? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 06:23:42 AM (582470622) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 43F4A178-E273-4172-9785-AD71F5578E51 
Message: Inference 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027802 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 06:54:29 AM (582472469) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3F865CA0-8441-4861-BECO-88080CDEE524 
Message: Bolton or pompeo for miro ? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:05:20 AM (582473120) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E001A67E-6637-44AE-AB9D-E2D0331873BE 
Message: What's his official title ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:07:23 AM (582473243) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4F729DBE-9AFA-4B64-9A2B-5381C1015466 
Message: Current . Slovakia foreign minister. Current chairman of OSCE . Former 
president United Nations 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:07:50 AM (582473270) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 13CCACCD-A8DA-456F-944D-D7FC1D05865D 
Message: And most important. Friend 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:08:01 AM (582473281) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 87B35588-7570-4F4F-8E2E-8E92672FEA78 
Message: Yes yes yes 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:08:21 AM (582473301) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027803 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0659FE84-7C0C-422F-8EDB-0C6ACBBAA2OF 
Message: Pompeo and kiron skinner 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:08:30 AM (582473310) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EB368213-5FBB-485B-B85F-2522C8903AF3 
Message: Let me work It 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:08:34 AM (582473314) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B230283D-E7B8-424E-B25F-341ABF4F641D 
Message: ok 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:12:41 AM (582473561) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FC77B409-D411-4041-A975-1B7510985CFD 
Message: https://www.aol.com/article/news/2019/06/17/Israel-announces-golan-heights-
settlement-to-be-named-after-trump/23751017/ 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:19:42 AM (582473982) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3D88C37A-E596-4B00-8D83-A71E9DEAD18E 
Message: Sick 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:26:23 AM (582474383) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027804 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E6216EFA-0D35-44BD-B7E1-4F6780210BC7 
Message: melanie walker. Brain surgeon . Martin Novak. . joscha back . Seth Lloyd, 
. Lawrence Krauss, chomsky , mark tramo. Music . Not sure re summers. . should 
we use Michael Wolff. . ? John brockman. Edge. 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:27:27 AM (582474447) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D9028DC3-8778-4B99-B296-D9AD2340D7E6 
Message: I think very late in production we get wolf -- late late late 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:27:36 AM (582474456) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 82AC85A8-6A4D-4DE8-83A9-26C7357ECOED 
Message: Brockman genius 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:27:44 AM (582474464) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 75466C45-0403-4318-B38F-4F627A49A1D1 
Message: How many more like him 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:27:52 AM (582474472) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EB34B52E-E0E1-4445-9350-EF6383813D1B 
Message: Most dead 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:28:11 AM (582474491) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027805 
GUID: 76CC7C59-A5F9-4F1C-8E0E-F7129F2D12EC 
Message: Minskys. Wife. gloria. Should be done asap 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:28:25 AM (582474505) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4B9D71FC-A3D1-4D61-8AEE-2109E5512536 
Message: We can pull footage -- just get me names whether living or dead 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:28:32 AM (582474512) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AA43C55B-A5C6-4873-A06B-C2995ABCF794 
Message: Plenty of footage 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:28:41 AM (582474521) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 63E17F4E-3F07-4C6B-9560-B9A61913A1E9 
Message: Maybe Linda stone. . i'll ask Watson. 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:29:36 AM (582474576) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BB35D65C-2CE4-435B-9D9O-C4D3B6558311 
Message: We will pull best Watson footage 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:35:06 AM (582474906) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AB864FB3-0DEE-44C6-AC1A-965AD75533E7 
Message: Ive asked him to come see you and I , it will be fun 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027806 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:39:58 AM (582475198) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ACCBF364-80BB-4AC8-BBB5-F889B96A38CC 
Message: Watson! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 07:40:22 AM (582475222) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 866B7D4B-97B6-449B-AAFB-AB22A23A4CB2 
Message: Yes 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 07:40:45 AM (582475245) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AF4B3046-8F10-4B77-B6C9-05B5FF930764 
Message: We will go to him 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/17/19 01:34:00 PM (582496440) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0994873C-4DC0-48BA-B854-6B886EA5B6D3 
Message: Hes thrilled 
Sender: 
Time: 06/17/19 01:34:43 PM (582496483) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FDF42491-E4D0-40FE-8BEA-93CE6F56824D 
Message: Amazing 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 02:24:14 AM (582542654) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027807 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 03954E14-1A84-49D3-B42A-6FD2A6B68E59 
Message: you will need to take the campaign if there is to be any hope at all 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 04:42:49 AM (582550969) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9192C48B-0F21-4479-A445-3B2D9A0DA318 
Message: For certain 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 04:52:18 AM (582551538) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5460B87C-72A3-44F4-B58F-B4E149B3D34A 
Message: I roared with laughter - GLORIA LOVES YOU!! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:05:43 AM (582555943) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5F495C98-8A53-44E8-B8B2-9377CBAF56F4 
Message: She's trying hard 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 06:26:32 AM (582557192) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DCA19976-A9A1-41AE-9019-CE23007A2148 
Message: Who ?? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:26:55 AM (582557215) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027808 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6F8CC105-2969-42CE-B243-9FF3876B4CC3 
Message: Your secret lover. Gloria 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:27:22 AM (582557242) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E4AE86EF-A9A8-48D3-AFE1-3FD627F84279 
Message: Makes It harder for you to disclaim a nazi bent 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 06:27:49 AM (582557269) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 96E141A4-D5F9-48F2-BAB5-57DEC6D9876B 
Message: You mean the nut case 'princess'??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:28:46 AM (582557326) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3FC94AF3-89FB-4FF7-B8D7-EFOD8AD945D4 
Message: How dare you refer to your sweetheart by such a phrase. Shame on you , 
boy I've been having fun with this 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:29:18 AM (582557358) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9FFDO5F4-78EA-48B4-8D5C-6D8F4FDEADO4 
Message: If I were you. Id sign that dollar quickly. As the interest expense is getting 
very very high 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:30:37 AM (582557437) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027809 
GUID: 8651D2E0-261D-4DA4-A97A-E2F26BB23569 
Message: All I need to say. Is "" its so beautiful - he shares the same view of 
you "" and Lucifer will look like mother Theresa 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:32:24 AM (582557544) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ElF8A93C-500E-4932-9015-2D80514BF628 
Message: Do you think when she wakes up in the morning she looks a little like Donald 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:32:35 AM (582557555) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AD9D7B29-3704-4F1C-96E1-686EE325A138 
Message: Sam jowls 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:32:39 AM (582557559) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 77357BC4-F95D-49F9-B407-1E942B20C7F1 
Message: Same 
Sender: __________________ 
Time: 06/18/19 06:33:39 AM (582557619) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4A43B276-0127-483F-B130-89DACDB8C623 
Message: Scary 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 06:33:47 AM (582557627) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3DD74EF6-828B-4312-B41B-48D3077232A2 
Message: Too much coke 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027810 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:37:46 AM (582557866) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 49509264-C9A3-4D13-9C52-2F04Al2AAF1F 
Message: Too much ugly 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:37:57 AM (582557877) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0A6E7F49-9D27-4778-B85A-6545D3BC35D8 
Message: Miro ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 06:38:15 AM (582557895) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7B8DC544-91FD-42DF-8B17-1EC581D4EDE8 
Message: Im meeting council of Europe head thurs. to push 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 11:18:08 AM (582574688) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 931ED4B0-B786-4EC1-9B4A-487D80436B16 
Message: Working miro 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:22:42 PM (582578562) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AD153C72-E0D9-41F0-A109-831A1AFB2CCD 
Message: Shanahan blown up by CCP 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:30:15 PM (582579015) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027811 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8E652216-1A96-4B00-91E6-E6476006F336 
Message: Did you watch Chernobyl yet??? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:31:11 PM (582579071) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0497AC90-D8FD-41E7-A03C-F566FEAB8EC6 
Message: Have you read 'in the closet of the Vatican ' yet 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 12:32:48 PM (582579168) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C9179FCB-4E14-4452-87E3-E1D7541FED69 
Message: Yes no yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 12:33:21 PM (582579201) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B9972373-A1CF-45BF-BE85-B5609818841E 
Message: June 26 for chernobyl 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:39:54 PM (582579594) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 43DF61AC-328E-4F53-8014-1CC5C7E5A68B 
Message: Dude-- I thought u were global player-- sean will get to u 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:39:57 PM (582579597) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027812 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 342FB8B9-9CC9-4BF5-89EB-00F95EA3FF9D 
Message: Today 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:40:50 PM (582579650) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1BF2CABD-F8DC-4872-B55F-3ADD223B992F 
Message: You are now exec producer of 'ITCOTV' 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 12:41:20 PM (582579680) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 342BA0F2-9DA3-4D01-A85B-9FECC413992F 
Message: Porn 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:42:54 PM (582579774) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F5EE791D-05FA-43A0-80B6-4CBDBA3F0736 
Message: Will take down Francis 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 12:43:28 PM (582579808) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ECC7083A-DE98-4BB5-9EF2-86F520E11153 
Message: The Clintons, X, Francis , EU---come on brother 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 02:44:35 PM (582587075) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7CB1C119-8209-47CF-8532-41E88E21AFB7 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027813 
Message: itcov? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/18/19 03:23:24 PM (582589404) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CB03A844-2774-44E4-A33A-91F68BC98796 
Message: In the closet of the Vatican 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/18/19 10:54:39 PM (582616479) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 920BBBCE-A941-4731-AC52-63D8D0D4E2C0 
Message: Chomsky asking when film 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 01:54:52 AM (582627292) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FEF10611-BF71-46FC-A9BB-FBB92E0137C4 
Message: 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 01:54:53 AM (582627293) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2C9188E7-6260-4BF3-A0BF-F5179A4B088F 
Message: https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/448999-want-the-truth-put-your-money-
on-bill-barr-not-jerry-nadler 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 07:59:18 AM (582649158) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C71D3B37-DBAE-4B50-B981-F8EB08184926 
Message: https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/Middle-East/Declassified-The-Sino-Russian-
Masterplan-To-End-US-Dominance-In-The-Middle-
Ea.html?fbclid=IwAR3wfcBIY4Wou92aKzBGIa5uAchk23ghBfMAIhipOgt99QnQpP5n7TK8TPk 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027814 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 08:04:34 AM (582649474) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1F7CDC23-48A7-4E85-A211-B020A502FA8A 
Message: He is NOT well informed 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 08:55:33 AM (582652533) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A77CD188-B45D-4DBA-98A9-481AD8C99C55 
Message: Agree 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 10:52:31 AM (582659551) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1160E7F5-2F94-488C-AEB4-5E9D9F121B92 
Message: Thursday / Friday in Tucson 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 10:52:35 AM (582659555) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5923ABA5-76E2-4C80-9288-C8F67AEC4A82 
Message: Next week 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 11:00:46 AM (582660046) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2BDB4676-34D3-4172-A95A-D96C11BB7755 
Message: I m not back until mid July 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 11:00:54 AM (582660054) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027815 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7B98C851-C325-4EAC-B3ED-F80243F52717 
Message: Are you coming to Europe? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 11:02:04 AM (582660124) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 70BA59BE-2CD3-4960-B493-3C050291E48D 
Message: I just want him @ first 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 11:02:10 AM (582660130) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E0B0F498-19E2-4DD5-835A-E88CFB4F9F3F 
Message: You 2 later 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 11:02:22 AM (582660142) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6D401CFA-2608-4B18-9F73-A936B8911DC6 
Message: Coming around 1 July 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 11:02:44 AM (582660164) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 560DDFE0-9C1C-4380-A438-3DB89D206A89 
Message: You can do anytime you like you have his email. . I m sure It can be 
arranged 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 11:04:22 AM (582660262) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027816 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: COA8F49C-992C-4F59-80D0-871252B447D3 
Message: Already on it 
Sender: 
Time: 06/19/19 04:49:05 PM (582680945) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 74433087-4939-4D1E-9C0A-D2E5B2F02820 
Message: Darren clearly is not on the same page here-- and I don't think this is going 
to happen- he says today 'send me an invoice'-- like I said I don't think this is going 
to happen 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/19/19 06:49:19 PM (582688159) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 34E8A56C-8E25-4A08-BFC5-EE15EAFB9E53 
Message: ? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/20/19 06:27:42 AM (582730062) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8CF80F79-F630-4BA8-93DB-F4D581BE1993 
Message: Dan will get to you 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/20/19 06:29:54 AM (582730194) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C1D508F3-73FA-46FA-BA9E-2CC289FFC04D 
Message: Perfect no worry grandma 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/20/19 06:31:21 AM (582730281) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027817 
GUID: EBB46524-6A99-42A2-A7D9-2ACBDFD40E06 
Message: ok 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/20/19 02:56:41 PM (582760601) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 598EEE60-2328-403F-8262-1B05E8CF89CA 
Message: https://nypost.com/2019/05/16/joe-biden-and-son-hunter-cleared-of-wrongdoing-
by-ukraine-prosecutor/ 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/20/19 02:56:41 PM (582760601) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C55718B9-11B3-42B6-9B97-7A22F5130BED 
Message: . Dig deeper 
Sender: 
Time: 06/21/19 09:58:47 AM (582829127) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0A7E6693-412C-42FF-9377-881CF9E3E981 
Message: Is this New York magazine story real 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/21/19 10:01:11 AM (582829271) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B843FDD5-5FAC-4E0D-BCOE-OFAODA65EB88 
Message: Yes BUT!! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/21/19 10:01:30 AM (582829290) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EE41218A-043B-4D25-B928-341CO262753F 
Message: Not for texts 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027818 
Sender: 
Time: 06/21/19 10:03:08 AM (582829388) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9FD756CD-44A1-4920-BD65-D7AF08EEDED8 
Message: K 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/21/19 10:04:28 AM (582829468) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CEAF078D-75D7-4881-8C04-6F6436C473A7 
Message: Do your homework. Put someone on It 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/21/19 10:04:35 AM (582829475) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8BB43C78-CE9F-4377-87ED-8496616BFF8C 
Message: Guaranteed 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/22/19 01:14:34 AM (582884074) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8B0907E1-BB75-4AEF-9982-A536067AD56B 
Message: https://international.la-croix.com/news/pope-francis-or-steve-bannon-
catholics-must-choose/10383# 
Sender: 
Time: 06/22/19 03:23:23 AM (582891803) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1C463A75-7C43-4098-A2B1-99F361455493 
Message: Easy choice 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027819 
Time: 06/22/19 03:48:03 PM (582936483) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2EE39294-A131-45A0-A4BE-F11E81D936D3 
Message: Spoke to dan 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/22/19 03:51:31 PM (582936691) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F869FEF1-DFC6-4A5E-A782-B363B162F05D 
Message: Miro 
Sender: 
Time: 06/22/19 05:07:29 PM (582941249) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 12B770FC-BEA2-4F82-9BCF-BE11056BBDEE 
Message: Cool 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/23/19 03:48:06 AM (582979686) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 59E2E3A2-C98C-4686-A7A6-EB1DC7825C96 
Message: Re ukraine. , Rudy is on the right track . 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/23/19 07:22:05 AM (582992525) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D384F4BA-ADFF-41E3-8B16-6BFA91D48DE9 
Message: Any chance you coming to Europe 
Sender: 
Time: 06/23/19 07:37:32 AM (582993452) 
Flags: 1060865 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027820 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 090C9E0B-EDD7-4BAE-AAB5-14CECA2231DF 
Message: If we are doing prep I'm there right after Chomsky 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/23/19 06:30:51 PM (583032651) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D7OBE947-83C3-487C-A87E-6E758F33F9F4 
Message: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jun/23/facebook-libra-
cryptocurrency-poses-risks-to-global-banking 
Sender: 
Time: 06/23/19 06:50:25 PM (583033825) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 932F5803-6DB4-4049-9B75-2D1394664A6C 
Message: What are your thoughts 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/23/19 10:59:05 PM (583048745) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ED650823-E470-4D2D-8713-44C04346A00C 
Message: Super dangerous 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/24/19 03:00:57 AM (583063257) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BD251E28-9E73-4470-9EC5-BA7E647C423E 
Message: https://graphics.axios.com/2019-06-23-
backgrounders/index.html# ga=2.141485178.956675234.1561330008-1662470423.1561330007 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/24/19 03:02:43 AM (583063363) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027821 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9A4CB074-F8A2-42F0-B4AC-1A787B06DEC1 
Message: Libra is not a currency !! It is money . . not the same. Cannot be used 
to pay taxes. Violates BARTER principles., could take down financial system in wrong 
hands. . that's the reason I didn't pursue. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/24/19 03:13:26 AM (583064006) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 54C461EF-9168-4481-AF30-024508058F6B 
Message: My geopolitical s. Site chinas inroads. In djubuti as highly dangerous. 
Base for African operations. 10k military. And can close off Suez 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/25/19 01:49:30 AM (583145370) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 24F5980A-DCDA-4085-85A3-34751F70ED78 
Message: Love the idea of names on the wall . LOL 
Sender: 
Time: 06/25/19 06:12:17 AM (583161137) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 14ACO2E6-8AFA-4F32-8925-66CC49015DC7 
Message: Big seller 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/25/19 07:38:43 AM (583166323) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C685F0D3-AA4D-4DF5-9CD1-9264FCB17E94 
Message: Jeffrey Epstein plea deal must stand, prosecutors tell sex abuse victims 
Sender: 
Time: 06/25/19 07:52:50 AM (583167170) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027822 
GUID: 97980581-522B-42CE-A6C8-7659COD73D5F 
Message: Dude'IIII 
Sender: 
Time: 06/25/19 07:52:57 AM (583167177) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5299006F-ADA7-4938-9D1F-61CB80AAE57E 
Message: Is this real 
Sender: 
Time: 06/25/19 07:57:53 AM (583167473) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 35FC8665-B493-4E97-BADO-F07E72F1OEF3 
Message: Tell me this is real 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/25/19 08:06:31 AM (583167991) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8627C4E2-AlFE-4A8E-9E78-B036230689D0 
Message: yup 
Sender: 
Time: 06/25/19 08:55:47 AM (583170947) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CF63COCC-D271-4342-8DD3-5A213C080725 
Message: Is that out anywhere yet 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/25/19 09:06:09 AM (583171569) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A2B76F0D-5502-4737-A93E-3BC03ED2EC65 
Message: Miami herald. But more and better july 9 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027823 
Sender: 
Time: 06/25/19 09:12:18 AM (583171938) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D8939CA8-0AC6-4C7E-AD22-F879D8DD9D9B 
Message: Epic epic epic 
Sender: 
Time: 06/26/19 07:34:51 AM (583252491) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3EB63BA2-03A3-4962-81E2-928266E8F4E5 
Message: Are we doing Tucson ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/26/19 07:35:15 AM (583252515) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6443229B-15B6-4950-B364-1040E657A68E 
Message: We? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/26/19 08:01:00 AM (583254060) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E0B5ODAA-844E-4F2A-A720-73871354053E 
Message: My team 
Sender: 
Time: 06/26/19 08:01:09 AM (583254069) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BBOD6OED-1704-4F7C-BA1E-7ACD8B725838 
Message: Don't need you for this 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/26/19 09:43:46 AM (583260226) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027824 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4C2AD4B6-16B1-464D-9245-3524B02FA750 
Message: https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5537033,00.html 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/26/19 09:43:46 AM (583260226) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 74437FF6-F2C2-48B2-9DC8-AF737D7B0B96 
Message: . I've been busy 
Sender:____________________ 
Time: 06/26/19 09:55:32 AM (583260932) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 49EF4C95-E800-4E08-974F-ECCA8142CCAF 
Message: Wow!!! 
Sender: 
Time: 06/26/19 09:55:36 AM (583260936) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 76BDB4B9-F9B8-4111-BAA7-E32FE2F6082C 
Message: Wow!!! 
Sender: 
Time: 06/26/19 09:55:39 AM (583260939) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 89B49DAE-2DD0-43E3-9A2C-11DDF19D5A0D 
Message: Wow!!! 
Sender: 
Time: 06/26/19 01:34:43 PM (583274083) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027825 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 35CD8353-88F3-42C1-BC7A-CF1AEE5E61C3 
Message: Hate to be a pain on this but I've got to deploy my guys if we are going get 
this done in Tucson 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/26/19 01:44:27 PM (583274667) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EF837A8C-814D-452E-924A-68A3D4F773DF 
Message: Have you been in contact with him 
Sender: __________________ 
Time: 06/26/19 01:52:24 PM (583275144) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C875AFC0-F316-4000-BEEC-DA02F2541E49 
Message: Think dan has 
Sender:____________________ 
Time: 06/28/19 09:29:21 AM (583432161) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9B8CEB88-24DA-427A-9F5F-D47773A506C5 
Message: We are set for Noam on Saturday -- have you told him what we are prepping for 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:48:34 AM (583433314) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4D6C1F92-2CDD-40DA-8645-2A5E296CDCF8 
Message: nope 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 09:54:55 AM (583433695) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FF377F24-7843-4D2B-A90B-A38488F6F6B9 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027826 
Message: He would be onboard correct ??? 
Sender: ___________________ 
Time: 06/28/19 09:55:04 AM (583433704) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A226C61A-3372-44B1-A1E9-AC64D86E5D2B 
Message: Or should I ask? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 09:55:08 AM (583433708) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: OFE55C81-994F-4380-B687-1CFC08F14DE1 
Message: Easy for me 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:55:18 AM (583433718) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D2EC900B-CDE2-47CC-B1C4-6C46FCOOD9D4 
Message: Ask. And yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:55:25 AM (583433725) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 599372A0-DE85-4B5A-A86E-1E6DDC64DBAB 
Message: I could of course 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:55:41 AM (583433741) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2A8FCBD5-E4AD-491F-A874-DCO5C1517466 
Message: Im dealing with Ehud in Israel. Making me crazy 
Sender: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027827 
Time: 06/28/19 09:56:17 AM (583433777) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D49EE85D-A9F2-425D-A2E9-C625B687E267 
Message: Ehud massive-- can we announce I'm his strategic advisor? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:56:48 AM (583433808) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D30A2A78-28FD-4DBF-9E99-A53645FD630E 
Message: This will be a long campaign. Elections in sept ( 17 ). Lots to talk 
about 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 09:57:06 AM (583433826) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 90CEAE58-2A31-4A1C-9378-BABD286AA92B 
Message: This is brilliant move 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:57:27 AM (583433847) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CA800EC6-F29F-4AEB-BA5D-BB8ADEE4A833 
Message: thx. . only the first step. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 09:58:16 AM (583433896) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A313F83E-739A-40A3-BCFF-64EB011BEFF9 
Message: Now you can understand why trump wakes up in the middle of the night sweating 
when he hears you and I are friends 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 10:15:24 AM (583434924) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027828 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 09BFFF44-44F1-469C-9B96-51A35F960951 
Message: Dangerous 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 10:44:33 AM (583436673) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0998EA6E-41CF-4C93-8A96-EA7D40032F4B 
Message: Did u ever send dan your footage on Noam ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 11:58:34 AM (583441114) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 26F65865-A36F-46BE-B373-73BC47D9DF92 
Message: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/us/politics/tillerson-mattis-kushner-
bannon-foreign-policy.html 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 12:04:08 PM (583441448) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ElE6C300-2C39-48A7-8256-1257D91C96F8 
Message: check the date of the dinner 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 02:04:41 PM (583448681) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8574FD79-E5E9-4FE0-928E-E4BE2A301A8C 
Message: ? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 02:05:14 PM (583448714) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027829 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 152FBCE3-7D2A-4544-8B68-69CF7D224C68 
Message: 20 May -- first day of Riyadh summit 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 02:11:02 PM (583449062) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 191A313C-8D43-464D-BE30-87E801CAEOCD 
Message: YIKES 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 02:12:33 PM (583449153) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FFD9881D-3A84-499C-8557-9706A5745E0E 
Message: Where are u next week-- we r ramping up on prep 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 02:20:27 PM (583449627) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3E3369FC-7E40-46C0-91D9-1F2E3FE8A40B 
Message: Probably Paris. Then back to states. 10 -19. Island. Then back to Europe 
till aug 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 02:26:45 PM (583450005) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1DBC8EE4-1ADB-47CF-B458-A0BDEC34D2DE 
Message: K 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 02:26:49 PM (583450009) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 29C291F8-44D6-4A0D-A80C-BlAB12A87DD9 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027830 
Message: On it 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/28/19 02:28:35 PM (583450115) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AODF8C3D-B27D-4CEA-BAD6-4E648CA89D99 
Message: Then aug ranch 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 02:45:37 PM (583451137) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 243D33E2-B650-4844-897E-59D3BE635CC4 
Message: Excellent 
Sender: 
Time: 06/28/19 04:19:44 PM (583456784) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 82EC7667-8E3A-4365-8600-C63B576DDD04 
Message: 5 July to 10 July Paris ??? 
Sender: 
Time: 06/29/19 11:09:52 AM (583524592) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B18D6F6B-F64E-47A8-AAED-52D1C881AF5D 
Message: Did u get Chernobyl yet??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/29/19 11:11:36 AM (583524696) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DF45EA33-6B2C-4E73-82B1-8F666F7C8F71 
Message: Yes 
Sender: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027831 
Time: 06/29/19 11:14:18 AM (583524858) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A179D898-05BA-4E54-8073-EC1E8B6F7551 
Message: Masterpiece no??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/29/19 11:37:05 AM (583526225) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 91FAFCEE-C4A7-4425-AECE-7EFB836712B6 
Message: will watch next week. 
Sender: 
Time: 06/29/19 11:50:14 AM (583527014) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 675B2DD4-B308-4203-A5FB-CC1A32AA68B5 
Message: If I get there we can watch together --- style is something special 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/29/19 01:33:26 PM (583533206) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 08A066B7-5D5A-4562-8E0C-9A945F25859D 
Message: Island week of 8 , Paris again 16 -30 ranch August 
Sender: 
Time: 06/29/19 02:00:46 PM (583534846) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 564C5FC2-D438-47AA-8EA9-BEF6EB67390B 
Message: 8 July Island ; 16 July Paris; 30 July into August New Mexico 
Sender: 
Time: 06/29/19 07:52:46 PM (583555966) 
Flags: 1060865 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027832 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E2B27061-7952-4FE8-BEA8-FB03ED6336CD 
Message: Noam in no shape to film---clearly in some sort of pain and has grown a beard-
-- @ 90 we need to get him scheduled soon as practicable 
Sender: 
Time: 06/29/19 07:53:06 PM (583555986) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D48FEE0A-3A52-4D00-BF77-46A423EB4419 
Message: He spent 3 hours crushing me 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/29/19 10:59:10 PM (583567150) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9571141E-642D-4926-8756-88C011C1AE8F 
Message: Shame . For both of you 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/30/19 04:17:35 AM (583586255) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B92A1D87-5BCA-4894-8853-EDBEDODB3564 
Message: I will land ny sund. Fly to island tues afternoon. Then back to Paris 
following tush's 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/30/19 04:17:37 AM (583586257) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7FCC19CO-D29D-4E60-84B2-4A5BD5BBD3AF 
Message: tues 
Sender: 
Time: 06/30/19 04:47:24 AM (583588044) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027833 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5523A867-FF10-4D99-8D9A-30DEEC497B99 
Message: K got it 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/30/19 07:29:04 AM (583597744) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7FF9D435-C61E-4136-AECB-8AB4C122529C 
Message: Im free to speak later. If you like 
Sender: 
Time: 06/30/19 08:12:40 AM (583600360) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 00E5F455-BBE5-4C52-9487-984197CD6AAB 
Message: Yes : finishing broadcast 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 06/30/19 07:53:04 PM (583642384) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ABFDEFOF-9873-43CE-94CF-C9AF4D56FBE7 
Message: Miro 
Sender: 
Time: 06/30/19 08:17:20 PM (583643840) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 459081D7-79DE-411D-A785-C87569752809 
Message: Yes : reached out to him 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:04:35 AM (583679075) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D104B446-46F3-45D9-8573-8CD5E9E162F1 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027834 
Message: You following Hong Kong 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:06:30 AM (583679190) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 26F1E832-C6DE-4368-97A4-62C9CD59624C 
Message: Yes, all china controlled 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:07:20 AM (583679240) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 09F139FC-31BF-4F78-8AE6-BCAC664930AA 
Message: The protests? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:09:39 AM (583679379) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C4123F95-1FAF-4AF1-A839-510E41E6A05D 
Message: yup 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:10:01 AM (583679401) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CCOB916E-A7DA-4992-A17A-CA3E8841978B 
Message: no surprise 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:10:05 AM (583679405) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8AFF92BD-5AD2-43B3-97B6-24B87CEOF686 
Message: Ah... r u watching this live ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027835 
Time: 07/01/19 06:10:08 AM (583679408) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B55C0079-192D-4E70-849A-97A20CD652D0 
Message: Good. Head fake 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:10:15 AM (583679415) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 609120BF-CDCC-4063-A9EB-338D0088ADF6 
Message: yujp 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:10:30 AM (583679430) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1BACD3A3-2CE2-4BD2-91B0-212E85E42EB2 
Message: Do U get your news @ infowars 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:11:17 AM (583679477) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4B0A533B-4172-49F7-BA47-2C04B55D274E 
Message: Art of war 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:11:48 AM (583679508) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3776144F-FD6F-4D65-AE8D-3C81DAAA8AFA 
Message: You are falling for the oldest trick 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:11:56 AM (583679516) 
Flags: 1085445 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027836 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CE49E001-7A4D-41B5-AB79-25D773BFO9FC 
Message: Too much desert sun 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:34:22 AM (583680862) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5D5857C1-4279-4920-8510-5663CFD2459D 
Message: I see that unsupervised for a couple of weeks u have started to believe all 
the nonsense from the apparatus 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:35:09 AM (583680909) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CF2418DA-937A-4DCA-8F7F-DAB606FD3DAC 
Message: I m drinking soy sauce for breakfast 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:40:45 AM (583681245) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 19FB21B8-93B1-4437-A864-1593AD61C776 
Message: Then get off the high sodium-- they just took Legco 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:43:27 AM (583681407) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2C0440A4-05DA-44B6-90DE-EAACE7B59A04 
Message: He has to send in the PLA riot police-- TS2 coming 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:45:06 AM (583681506) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027837 
GUID: 59584474-48DF-4FA1-929C-C266FF08E321 
Message: Watching. Big time wrestling. . next up is haystacks calhoun 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:45:50 AM (583681550) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F500E65A-3660-478D-8950-F425B9EAFB2E 
Message: I have so much to teach grasshopper about china 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 06:47:03 AM (583681623) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ADOD9DD2-C6F2-4189-A68B-FB0543FD0376 
Message: If you mean the china your mother keep in the cupboard ill listen 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 06:47:34 AM (583681654) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C6B9A864-88CC-4DAA-AC8D-94B2BB1AA76A 
Message: I mean the china that is overthrowing the CCP 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 07:25:09 AM (583683909) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 53E8D34F-0D11-46CC-A795-E8D524F288AB 
Message: Talked with miro : I'm on point 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 11:26:58 AM (583698418) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8EA25641-3F6E-404C-8199-FC88334B3006 
Message: Tear gas 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027838 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/01/19 02:24:02 PM (583709042) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9CD52D20-ED49-4A92-A7E4-F49AEA764379 
Message: Talk tomorrow 
Sender: 
Time: 07/01/19 02:26:22 PM (583709182) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DlEB5DB9-EC5D-4B9F-BEAD-852FC5138381 
Message: K 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 05:47:30 AM (583850850) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8586631D-FDF5-415D-BB9E-583EA22A4D14 
Message: Today is yesterday's tomorrow 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 06:42:02 AM (583854122) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 96DAA298-4C25-44D3-BB9F-D3A2A68426FE 
Message: What is the sound of one hand clapping 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 07:14:54 AM (583856094) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 174D28C7-25B2-4624-8131-7EB21A6301FE 
Message: Sunday New York? 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 07:16:30 AM (583856190) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027839 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BEABO7C1-7C37-42E3-8FD6-390629F32D25 
Message: R u back then??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 07:26:12 AM (583856772) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4D1F947F-9255-4D5E-9577-2B943274B884 
Message: Scheduling now 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 07:26:42 AM (583856802) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A845CA2E-D50D-4F24-8A41-3E0EC1A0002F 
Message: Keep me in the loop 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 08:23:45 AM (583860225) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: COE5C561-87A7-414B-AD9C-0B462111B725 
Message: I arrive Saturday 9 pm ny all day Sunday 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 08:28:52 AM (583860532) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F5CE426F-5ED5-4944-A540-09E81CB31A23 
Message: How early can we meet 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 08:32:48 AM (583860768) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027840 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B60C13C1-E7CC-4DF7-BACF-FA8C1218E60A 
Message: 6 30 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 08:33:02 AM (583860782) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B49000AB-A22E-4717-B3B8-641413927CED 
Message: Done 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 12:39:02 PM (583875542) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7BE34E9E-AEC7-48AC-AC9C-EF5B0026C250 
Message: https://www.thedailybeast.com/jeffrey-epstein-court-orders-release-of-sealed-
docs-about-alleged-sex-ring?ref=home2 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 08:29:21 PM (583903761) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 481A56D9-629F-4D69-A9B8-99DA31AA56D4 
Message: My guy is in Israel-- can we connect him to erhud ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 11:32:42 PM (583914762) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 852516F4-B5DB-4B57-9076-75877FCA3D42 
Message: Name 
Sender: 
Time: 07/03/19 11:33:12 PM (583914792) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3BE9E534-8595-4FD4-A6F1-4237D00B607B 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027841 
Message: Aaron Klein 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/03/19 11:34:48 PM (583914888) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 803ADAE3-4CEA-4C26-959A-6873244F2438 
Message: On It 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:21:13 AM (584022073) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 823788B9-6110-4090-BFD4-718860858E28 
Message: kiron skinner ? Miro ? 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:21:42 AM (584022102) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BF71C860-5D43-45A0-9FA2-DAA712DE35E0 
Message: For meeting? 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:21:54 AM (584022114) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1998F7A8-F18F-4E9B-93B8-D6DE41371BC6 
Message: I'm working Pompeo 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:22:00 AM (584022120) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 01460BFD-A277-481F-9262-22B2E94F96CB 
Message: For support 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027842 
Time: 07/05/19 05:22:13 AM (584022133) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6D5B9ECA-7DFE-4E9A-9168-58AD263FCCO2 
Message: Did you reach mike or anyone on his dog nato aspiration 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:23:29 AM (584022209) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 558BE79B-690E-47F0-80FD-C9E5495A48F1 
Message: Dsg-
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:24:33 AM (584022273) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9DFBF33C-1ECC-427F-9FB4-4482C40A4077 
Message: Time sensitive 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:27:14 AM (584022434) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 17683659-B4C3-4CEF-A6DC-00D6B9B8406D 
Message: Yes yes yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:29:15 AM (584022555) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 257EBOOA-2942-479C-AOCE-08524FC8C3D5 
Message: Im driving out to cold spring Monday morning to have lunch with Watson 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:32:18 AM (584022738) 
Flags: 1085445 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027843 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A0E8AB7B-3FAA-4CO3-AF62-7037D05A6857 
Message: If you are still around , of course come with me 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:36:56 AM (584023016) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A423A343-4258-4A09-B661-75D220C21950 
Message: Problem is their country is nothing burger-- poland and Baltic Important 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:37:12 AM (584023032) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5529E1BF-64B2-470D-BCB2-340EE20EDA51 
Message: The Watson ! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:37:44 AM (584023064) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2295C2DC-463E-4E4B-8BFB-2F9326BE4022 
Message: Yes 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 05:45:50 AM (584023550) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: OB773B23-A268-47F6-B885-48DB17D00440 
Message: Can I join u? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 05:46:33 AM (584023593) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027844 
GUID: 3B8578A0-B294-4111-AA0E-97A7BDBE42DC 
Message: Yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 11:54:15 AM (584045655) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B1DC5D36-945D-476F-8A66-15A954F4657E 
Message: https://thehill.com/homenews/news/451777-far-right-anti-muslim-uk-activist-
tommy-robinson-convicted-in-contempt-case 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 11:57:31 AM (584045851) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BOBF5B15-8ABF-48F4-B92A-2C2070A9ED2E 
Message: 'backbone of England ' 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/05/19 12:00:42 PM (584046042) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ACBC7ADO-982A-4EB6-AEFE-5B308B974243 
Message: Thats why the pound so low 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 12:01:00 PM (584046060) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1FA33CD0-4676-4709-9D5D-B78ED0F23051 
Message: Cheap @ any price 
Sender: 
Time: 07/05/19 06:37:51 PM (584069871) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6549E80C-2D05-4647-A5A9-45F11B45CA84 
Message: Can we film Sunday morning : Sunday afternoon ??? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027845 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/06/19 12:14:23 AM (584090063) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5F712EF5-1CDF-4049-9419-C67712CEFD51 
Message: Goofball. Had you told me earlier I would have adjusted my schedule. . Im 
only in town Sunday 
Sender: 
Time: 07/06/19 03:36:08 AM (584102168) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 848B4BF0-82C1-4913-A32A-D41D718D7E27 
Message: U still going to see Watson on Monday ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/06/19 03:54:59 AM (584103299) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: OB980FD2-1B4B-415D-9164-470457252D08 
Message: Yes, and you are coming 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/06/19 03:58:06 AM (584103486) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6242013E-DBA3-4F4E-9992-FD056C194C33 
Message: We are scheduled to go to his house in cold spring harbor. I will then 
go to airport and Island . For rest of week 
Sender: 
Time: 07/06/19 03:58:40 AM (584103520) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C33ECA0A-1E71-4D4D-9D79-701092E46824 
Message: Cool 
Sender: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027846 
Time: 07/06/19 03:59:04 AM (584103544) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A2F4FC6E-2AF2-4A60-BD48-53E15A1FED30 
Message: If we can arrange it can we film on the island ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/06/19 03:59:09 AM (584103549) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4EA76388-55FA-4EA0-89E7-580F7776CD1B 
Message: Yes 
Sender: 
Time: 07/06/19 03:59:23 AM (584103563) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3DADD415-E1E6-47B4-BA78-DAB1B76E011F 
Message: Perfect 
Sender: 
Time: 07/06/19 04:35:17 PM (584148917) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BE373011-D1DD-462D-A88D-C35569D1A29C 
Message: Can we do late morning say 11. Am 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 07/06/19 04:37:20 PM (584149040) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 45B58F9E-EAA2-416B-8OFF-4764C94B9FBC 
Message: All canceled 
Sender: 
Time: 07/06/19 04:37:44 PM (584149064) 
Flags: 1060865 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027847 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DA66A681-A36A-46E8-AF72-0B091B2CE1F2 
Message: You r not coming in? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027848 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030269.txt,"Article 1.

NYT
Pay Attention

Thomas L. Friedman

May 28, 201 1—Cairo -- I had some time to kill at the Cairo airport
the other day so I rummaged through the “Egyptian Treasures” shop.
I didn’t care much for the King Tut paper weights and ashtrays but
was intrigued by a stuffed camel, which, if you squeezed its hump,
emitted a camel honk. When I turned it over to see where it was
manufactured, it read: “Made in China.” Now that they have decided
to put former President Hosni Mubarak on trial, I hope Egyptians add
to his indictment that he presided for 30 years over a country where
nearly half the population lives on $2 day and 20 percent are
unemployed while it is importing low-wage manufactured goods — a
stuffed camel, no less — from China.

That’s an embarrassment for Mubarak and America, which has
donated some $30 billion in aid to modernize Egypt’s economy over
the last 30 years — and President Obama just promised a couple
billion more. Egypt’s economy has nose-dived since the uprising, and
the new government really does need the money to stay afloat. But I
only hope that Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
understand that right now — right this second — Egypt needs
something more from Washington than money: quiet, behind-the-
scenes engagement with Egypt’s ruling generals over how to
complete the transition to democracy here.

Here’s why. After the ouster of Mubarak in February, his presidential
powers were shifted to a military council, led by the defense minister.
It’s an odd situation, or as the Egyptian novelist Alaa Al Aswany,
author of “The Yacoubian Building,” put it to me: “We have had a
revolution here that succeeded — but is not in power. So the goals of

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030269
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020412.txt,"260

Made Call to Let Leaker Depart.” New York
Times, June 23, 2013

20 “Both the Chinese and the Russians. ..”—Morell.
op. cit. p. 284

21 .’What I can say...” Snowden Interview, ARD-TV,
January 26, 2014.
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B95Id3j0M0IrdDAS W
1Z4dllUbjg/preview

22 “She urgently texted Snowden. ..”—Laura
Poitras, CitizenFour.

23 “Poitras’ co-interrogator of Snowden.” Jacob
Appelbaum, “Edward Snowden Interview: The NSA
and Its Willing Helpers.” Spiegel On Line, July 8,
2013

24 “There was no document...”—Author’s
interview with Source B

25 “He reported that no...”—Bamford, Wired.
op.cit

26 “Another mole in the NSA...”-- Bamford, Wired.
op.cit

27 “Greenwald and Poitras also...”-- Staff,
“Snowden leak: Israeli commandos killed Syrian
general at dinner party.” Jerusalem Post, July 16,
2015/ Also, Author’s interview with Source B

28. “Putin publicly forbade him. ..”—Interview
Channel One.
http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/19143.
Also Author’s interview with former Russian
intelligence officer who requested anonymity...

29. “If Snowden didn’t give...”—Author’s interview
with Source B

30. “German federal prosecutor concluded. ..”--
Theodore Schleifer, “Germany drops probe into
U.S. spying on Merkel,” CNN Politics,

June 13, 2015

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020412
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011671.txt,"yards ahead. The missiles seemed to be pointed north, away from them. But the
battalion commander was asking us for permission to open fire.

“Do not open fire,” I was saying as Yanoush arrived. “I repeat: do not open
fire.” When Yanoush asked me what was going on, I told him the lead unit had
reported unknown vehicles with missiles and wanted to know whether it could
attack. “Tell them yes,” Yanoush said. I looked first at him, then at Mitzna. “We
can’t,” I said. “It’s dark. The situation is confused. We don’t know whose
missiles these are. It doesn’t make sense they’d be Syrian, just sitting there,
pointed north. At least give it a few minutes.” I think Yanoush would have
grabbed the microphone and told the unit to fire had not Amram been there as
well. Together, we convinced him to hold off. I ordered the brigade commander
to get one of the battalion’s APC crews to go out on foot and get as near as
possible to the missiles. It was nearly 15 minutes later when they returned. They
said they’d never seen this kind of missile vehicle, but that the soldiers manning
them seemed to be speaking Hebrew. It turned out to be a new ground-to-
ground missile, not yet formally in service, which had been sent into Lebanon
without our knowledge by the northern command.

While that trouble was averted, much worse lay ahead. Yanoush asked to be
brought up to date on our progress in taking control of the area around the
Tovlano Triangle. We briefed him on the situation as we understood it: that
Rifkind had reported the triangle was clear, but that the second brigade had still
not reached it. Yanoush tried to radio the divisional commanders. When he
couldn’t raise them, he ordered the brigade and battalion commanders to pick
up their pace and move forward.

With Yanoush back and the advance resumed, I tried to grab at least a few
hours’ sleep. But around 3:45 am, a junior officer shook me awake. When I
rejoined Yanoush and Amram, they told me the lead battalion was now in deep
trouble. It was led by Ira Ephron, one of Dan Shomron’s best company
commanders during the 1973 war. For reasons I’ve never been able to establish,
Ira’s orders were not to take the hills south of the triangle as we’d planned, but
to go through it to a point two miles or so north. Minutes after crossing the
triangle, his tanks came under heavy fire. Hoping to escape, he kept going, only
to find himself surrounded by a Syrian armored force. They were trapped near a
village called Sultan Yacoub, nearly three miles north of Tovlano. Since it was
early June, it would be light soon, and his predicament could only get worse.

At dawn, he reported he was under heavy artillery, anti-tank missile, RPG
and close-range rifle fire. The only realistic hope was to retreat. We were unable

200
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011671
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032037.txt,"theguardian.com / Steven Morris and Ben Quinn There were
concerns ahead of the UK’s official D-day commemoration that the
presence of Donald Trump and the circus that surrounds him would
overshadow...

World marks 30 years since Tiananmen
massacre as China censors all mention

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032037
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019293.txt,"Freedom House

7. The rewriting of history will become more wide-
spread and will greatly complicate societal ef-
forts to confront both past and present political
abuses. The rehabilitation of Joseph Stalin and
the airbrushing of Mao Zedong’s destructive
reign serve to facilitate an authoritarian form of
nationalism in which strength and unity super-
sede justice and freedom, and the state is exalt-
ed at the expense of individual human beings.

8. Authoritarian or illiberal forces are more likely to
gain supremacy in countries where the parties
that represent liberal democracy do not simply
lose elections, but experience a full-blown political
collapse, whether through corruption, ineptitude,
or failure to build lasting bonds with the public. In
the end, elections do matter, and real change still
requires victory at the polls. This is why robust,
self-confident, and uncorrupted opposition par-
ties are essential to democracy’s survival.

Recommendations

In studies of this kind, recommendations are primarily
addressed to policymakers, particularly in the admin-
istration and Congress of the United States. Given
the election of Donald Trump, however, a different
approach is called for.

Trump has made clear again and again his admiration
for Vladimir Putin, to the point of asserting a kind of
moral equivalency between the Russian and American
governments. Since he assumed office, Trump and
certain aides have encouraged in America the kind of
“oost-truth” environment that has prevailed in Russia
under Putin. The new president has shown no interest
in an American role in promoting human rights and
democracy around the world; indeed, he seemed to
dismiss this core element of U.S. foreign policy in

his initial address to Congress, instead emphasizing
“harmony and stability"" and “the sovereign rights of all
nations.” Under these circumstances, to rely first and
foremost on the U.S. government to meet the chal-
lenge posed by Russia, China, and other authoritarian
states would amount to an exercise in futility.

The role of governments, both in the United States
and Europe, will remain crucial. But the threat posed
by modern authoritarianism has spread well beyond
its original proving grounds. To some extent, the prob-
lems discussed in this report have already infected
the United States and a number of European coun-
tries. They represent a menace to the media, academ-
ic freedom, civil society, electoral systems, and the

rule of law. They even put in jeopardy the integrity of
the facts and figures that an accountable government
and a successful economy require. When the values
of the political leadership are seen to waver, indepen-
dent, nongovernmental voices and institutions will

be called upon to do their part—not just to defend
democracy at home, but to convince skeptical politi-
cians and citizens that supporting the same struggle
abroad serves the public interest.

To the U.S. government: We urge the Trump adminis-
tration to appoint a director of global communications
who is experienced in journalism and allow that per-
son to build a program to counter hostile authoritari-
an messaging through up-to-date delivery techniques,
honest reporting, and forthright commentary. Near
the end of 2016, Congress passed legislation that
placed the country’s government-supported interna-
tional media outlets—Voice of America (VOA), Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), and their sister
services focused on Asia and other regions—under
more direct presidential control, on the theory that a
commander-in-chief who was committed to counter-
ing aggressive Russian influence would be better able
to develop and implement new strategies. President
Trump has yet to indicate how he intends to use this
authority.

In the contest against Soviet communism, America’s
international broadcasting entities were the crown
jewels of U.S. soft power. Indeed, in some countries,
such as Poland or Romania, Radio Free Europe
functioned as the opposition press, and clearly had

a greater audience and more influence than the
censored government press. In the post-Cold War
period, what were initially shortwave radio services
have evolved into modern media outlets, with video
content, podcasts, blogs, social media engagement,
and other forms of information delivery. Nevertheless,
the United States today needs to update the strategy
and operations of its publicly supported broadcast-
ers and—most importantly—provide them with the
resources to compete with a Russian propaganda
machine that is nimble, attuned to popular discontent,
and generously funded.

To the independent media: The mainstream press
in the United States has recently shown increased
interest in reporting on Russian methods of infor-
mation warfare, some of which have been embraced
by far-right media outlets that seek to undermine
popular support for the core institutions of Ameri-
can democracy. We urge more responsible media to

www.freedomhouse.org

5g

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019293
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029738.txt,"any warning, the next tactic 1s
competitive devaluation, which risks a
new protectionism. ""Currency
manipulation"" could become a danger
that reaches far beyond the debate about
Chinese policies. The world economy
will need at some point to withdraw the
drug of cheap money and negative real
interest rates. The U.S. should anticipate
these dangers.

The International Monetary Fund also
could help set standards about exchange-
rate policies and serve as a referee that
blows a whistle, even if it cannot
penalize. The IMF and the World Trade
Organization should anticipate this risk
and give effect to the existing WTO
agreement that economies must ""avoid
manipulating exchange rates . . . to gain
an unfair competitive advantage.""

Third, the U.S. needs to break the logjam
on opening markets. As the leading world
economy, America should initially try to
strengthen and increase international
trade through the WTO. As my
colleagues at the Peterson Institute have
pointed out, there are gains from the
stymied Doha Round of trade
negotiations that should be harvested
now: ending agricultural export
subsidies; limiting food export controls;
eliminating tariffs and quotas for almost
all exports of the poorest countries;
facilitating customs and clearance

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029738
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032647.txt,"From: Larry Visoski 
Sent: 11/16/2017 10:27:22 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Jeffrey, 
Thx for the update, 
Just to confirm, LSJ trip is Next Sunday the 26th as you stated„ 
POTUS schedule: 
Arrival: Tuesday November 21' @ 1800ish 
Departure: Sunday November 26th @ 1500ish 
Sent from my iPhone 
On Nov 16, 2017, at 4:46 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
at the moment we will go to lsh on sunday the 26th early then to new york where i will stay the week, 
larry , it will be assayay and I, trump is in town that week, 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032647 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018833.txt,"Surrounding Area Analysis 23

building with a mixture of office and retail. There are other small retail commercial buildings both
along the waterfront and the inland side of the road; such as restaurants, bars and a convenience
store/gas outlet.

In addition to the drawing power of these retail users, the lvanna Eudora Kean High School is located
approximately 1,500 feet west of the subject property.

During the last several years, development has been predominantly of retail/office uses. The largest
recent development in this area has been East End Plaza, which was constructed in 2008. However,
the completion of this commercial building coincided with the downturn in the overall economy in the
territory, and the property has struggled to reach stabilization. There is also a newly constructed,
small commercial strip center in close proximity to the subject called Crosswinds Center that opened
approximately two years ago. Ace Hardware is the anchor tenant in this building, while the majority of
the other commercial bays remain vacant.

There have also been two notable bar/restaurant openings within the past two years, both at the
subject property. Near the subject, a Senor Frogs restaurant opened in November 2013 featuring a
dining and nightclub atmosphere. Additionally, a tavern/restaurant called Tap & Still has opened
approximately 450 feet southwest of the subject. A new Thai/Sushi restaurant is under construction
within Red Hook Plaza, just west of the subject. These new establishments are indicative of the
improving retail/commercial climate of the Red Hook area.

Outlook and Conclusions

The area is in the slow growth stage of its life cycle. There have been signs of increased demand as
existing commercial space has been leasing up more rapidly over the past six months, showing the
upside of the subject’s area. We anticipate that property values will slightly increase in the near
future.

irep
IGY American Yacht Harbor Marina fire!

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018833
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020374.txt,"Laide

CHAPTER THIRTY
The Consequences for the ‘War on Terrorism’ “

“Because of a number of unauthorized disclosures and a lot of hand-wringing over the government’s role in the
effort to try to uncover these terrorists, there have been some policy and legal and other actions that make our
ability collectively, internationally, to find these terrorists much more challenging.”

CIA Director John Brennan in response to the Paris attack, November 2015

In the evening of November 13, 2015, normal life in Paris was brought to a screeching halt by
nine Jihadist terrorists acting on behalf of ISIS. Three blew themselves up at the stadium at Saint-
Denis, where President Hollande was attending a match between France and Germany, while the
others shot killed 130 people at cafes, restaurants and a theater. 388 others had been wounded in
the carnage. The attack was planned over many months by Abdelhamid Abaaoud, a 28-year old
Belgium citizen of Moroccan origins, who served ISIS as a logistics officer in Syria in 2014. To
organize the attack, he smuggled three suicide bombers into Europe through Greece, raise
financing, set up a base in the Molenbeek section of Brussels, import deactivated assault weapons
from Slovenia (which then had to be restored by a technician), buy ammunition, acquire suicide
vests, obtain “burner” cell phones, rent cars and make on-line bookings for quarters in Paris for
the nine attackers.. Even though Abaaoud was well known to western intelligence services, none
of the communications surrounding the preparations for the attack came to the attention of the
NSA or its allied services in Europe.

Those Paris attackers who did not kill themselves with their suicide vests were killed by the
police, but the real challenge in such a terrorist operation is not bringing culprits to justice after
the massacre civilians. It is preventing them from carrying it out. As “soft targets,” such as
restaurants, cafes, theaters and street gatherings, cannot be continually protected by police, the
only practical means by which a government can prevent such attacks is to learn in advance about
their planning and preparations. One means of acquiring this information is by listening in on the
channels through which members of loosely-knit terrorists organizations, such as ISIS,
communicates with one another. This form of intelligence-gathering obviously works best so
long as the terrorists remain unaware that the communication channels they are using are being
monitored. Once they find out that their messages and conversations are being intercepted, they
will likely find a safer means to communicate important information. For that reason,
communications intelligence organizations keep the sources and methods they employ for
monitoring these channels in a tightly-sealed envelope of secrecy.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020374
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011117.txt,"CHAPTER 9: SO WHAT’S NEW?

To claim originality in any field is rash. It is safer to say that some things in this book
are new as far as 1 know. | know at least what I can’t remember reading elsewhere. |
am more confident in judging what will surprise in the sense of conflict with what is
taught today. There we need only keep up with the current conversation. Judging

originality with confidence means having read everything before.

My surprises were not all new, and my novelties (if such) where not all surprises. A
few ideas met both descriptions. They pay rule, and the equally heretical Y rule,
probably count as both although Becker came within a step of getting there first.
Depreciation theory is likely to be both. Other possible candidates might include my
observation that holds by money managers reveal prices as clearly as trades do, and
my hawks-and-doves analogy inferring from this that index funds should
outperform managed ones when aggregate AUM held by money managers, not
trades by them, exceeds a critical percentage of the market to be determined. There
may also be both surprise and novelty in my suggestion of monetary policy by
establishment of real dollars as legal tender. In my wannabe biologist role, I just

may have been first to the point out the gaffe in the math of Hamilton’s rule.

Free growth theory takes Mill a little farther by ruling out growth by thrift at the
collective scale. It should prove a major surprise to lawmakers, who incentivize
thrift in the name of growth, and a milder one to economists already prepared by
the insights of Solow. My possible originality here was in the simultaneous rates
equations | derived to test them, and the test itself accessing data for market-valued
capital as well as consumption from the Piketty-Zucman website. My definitions of
market-valued net investment and net output, substituting for the book-valued
versions used in national accounts, were essential for testing. I suppose these rank

as novelties but not surprises.

Chapter 9: So What ‘s New? 3/17/16 1

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011117
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016089.txt,"Conway and Kochen

“It doesnt matter how beautiful
your theory is, it doesn't matter

how smart you are. If it doesn't
agree with experiment, its
wrong.”

Richard P. Feynman

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016089
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017191.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

That, of course, was precisely my point: those who were not offended should be free to watch a
film in which no one was hurt.

Finally, the Chief Justice asked me about theaters:

[H]ow about moving the bear-baiting into a theater and charging $5 admission for it? I
don’t want to overwork you on the bear-baiting, but in order to have a film of bear-
baiting, you’ve got to go through unlawful process in the first instance.

With less than a minute before my time had expired, the Chief Justice asked whether I thought the
analogy to the bear-baiting contest was “valid.” I politely told him what I thought:

I think the analogy of bear-baiting is not valid [because it] is an illegal act which hurts
animals. It is different from [lovemaking] presented on a screen to a public which has
chosen to view it.

By this point my time was nearly up. I quickly summarized my argument that under a functional
definition of privacy

A theater with its curtains drawn deserves [at least as much constitutional protection as] a
home with its shades drawn up.

The Chief Justice had monopolized the entire argument with his bear-baiting analogy. He 9or his
law clerksO had apparently prepared a series of questions for me about bear baiting and Burger
had simply gone down the list ignoring my answers. The other eight justices were unable to ask
questions, though several of them seemed anxious to probe certain points. Some of them seemed
embarrassed by their Chief’s performance. By the end of the argument, I finally understood what
a bear-baiting contest must feel like—at least to the bear. It was not only the dumbest series of
questions I have ever been asked during an oral argument—with at the possible exception of
those put to me by a senile judge about the facts of the next case scheduled for argument. It was
probably the stupidest conversation I’ve ever had with anyone about the First Amendment. But
no one ever said that intelligence was a criterion for being a judge, or even a Chief Justice. What
mattered to Warren Burger was that he looked like what a Chief Justice is supposed to look like!

A few months later the Supreme Court rendered a 5 to 3 decision in the J Am Curious Yellow case
that did not reach the broad issue decided by the district court (nor did it mention bear-baiting);
instead, it decided the case on a narrow procedural ground. We eventually settled the case to the
advantage of the defendants. The film was shown throughout the country and no one went to
prison. Judge Aldrich’s opinion, suggesting that all censorship of the content of movies exhibited
to adults in discreet settings was unconstitutional, remained the only court decision on that issue
until June of 1973, when the Supreme Court changed the definition of obscenity in a case called
Miller v. California and a series of companion decisions.

In these cases Chief Justice Burger, writing for the majority, expressly and emphatically rejected
the approach I had argued in the J Am Curious Yellow case.

104

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017191
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014846.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 751-19 Filed 03/17/17 Page1of11

EXHIBITS

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014846
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015580.txt,"From: Donna Paine <djpaine@aol.com>

Sent: Friday, January 23, 2015 2:31 PM

To: Paul Cassell

Ce: brad@pathtojustice.com; JWI@SearcyLaw.com; matt.williams@itn.co.uk;
kate.brannelly@itn.co.uk

Subject: Re: Jeffrey Epstein case

Thank you, Paul. I had reached out to Joan previously to be included on Jack Scarola's e-mail distribution list
for the Dershowitz suit, but I wasn't sure if this would also be handled by them.

I don't want to double up or inundate you, as I know other ITN News colleagues have also been in touch with
you. I just wanted to make sure I was on your radar if Judge Marra rules next week.

Best,

Donna Paine

Sent from my iPad

On Jan 23, 2015, at 1:10 PM, Paul Cassell <cassellp @law.utah.edu> wrote:

Hi Donna,

| am passing this information along to Joan, who will add this information into our contacts list. Thanks
for your interest in this important case.

Paul

Paul G. Cassell

Ronald N. Boyce Presidential Professor of Criminal Law

S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah

332 South 1400 East, Room 101 = Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0730

Voice: 801-585-5202 Fax: 801-581-6897 Email: cassellp>@law.utah.edu

You can access my publications on http://ssrn.com/author=30160

CONFIDENTIAL: This electronic message - along with any/all attachments - is confidential. This message is intended only for the
use of the addressee. If you are not the intended recipient, you may not use, disseminate, distribute or copy this
communication. If you have received this message in error, please immediately notify the sender by reply electronic mail and
delete the original message. Professor Cassell is admitted to the Utah State Bar, but not the bars of other states. Thank you.

From: djpaine@aol.com [mailto:djpaine@aol.com]
Sent: Friday, January 23, 2015 9:47 AM

To: brad@pathtojustice.com; Paul Cassell

Cc: matt.williams@itn.co.uk; kate.brannelly@itn.co.uk

Subject: Jeffrey Epstein case

Hi Brad and Paul --
| had reached out to you both the other week when the allegations of Jane Doe #3 first
became public. | am a freelance TV producer in South Florida, working with ITN News on this story. As

you can imagine, given her allegations against Prince Andrew, ITN is quite keen on covering this story as
soon as it breaks.

BE-000115

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015580
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031258.txt,"The story concerns your actions towards students while a professor of physics at Case Western Reserve
University, as well as your conduct in non-academic settings as a prominent figure in the skeptics movement. |
am reporting this story along with two of my colleagues on the science desk, Azeen Ghorayshi and Virginia
Hughes.

Our story is about several allegations of sexual misconduct dating from 2006 to 2016 (see full details below).
Our reporting also goes into how the various institutions you have been affiliated with — Case Western,
Arizona State University, the Australian National University, the New College of the Humanities, and the Center
for Inquiry, for which you serve as an honorary member of the board of directors — have handled complaints
and concerns about your behavior during this time.

Our story is corroborated by emails, university documents, official complaints, testimony from victims and
eyewitnesses, and interviews with more than two dozen of your current and former academic colleagues,
students, and peers in the skeptics movement.

| wanted to offer you the opportunity to comment and/or respond to the main facts we plan to publish. If you
wish to comment on any of the below findings, we need to hear from you as soon as possible. We are
planning on publishing our story Tuesday morning, Eastern US Time.

Based on our reporting, this is what we plan to publish:

Incident 1:

° In November of 2006, at an event launching the new Center for Inquiry in Washington D.C., you met a
volunteer for CFI D.C.

° At the event, you asked for her business card. Later, you followed her as she was leaving and asked
her if she was “of age.”

° Later, you emailed her to invite her to dinner.

° You planned to dine with her in the restaurant at the Washington D.C. hotel where you were staying.

° You told her to come up to your room first because you needed to finish some work.

° In your hotel room, you seemed in no rush to leave. You ordered a cheese plate, and later champagne,
despite her suggestion that you go down to dinner.

° You then made a comment about her eye makeup, getting very close to her face.

° You then lifted her by her arms, and pushed her onto the bed beneath you, forcibly kissing her and
trying to pull down the crotch of her tights.

° She struggled to push you off her.

° You said, “When | was in college | could never get a girl that looked like you.”

° When you pulled out a condom, she got out from under you. She said “I have to go,” and rushed out of
the room.

Incident 2:

° In an incident that occurred in fall of 2007 while you were a physics professor at Case Western Reserve

University, a student tried to talk to you about her plans after graduation. You mentioned to her how tough it
must be to have all the other physics majors asking her out on dates.

° In a second incident in December of 2007, while you were still at Case Western, the same student
visited your office to interview you for a student science journal. You closed the door behind her, and ignored
the questions she had prepared. Then you made a casual comment about taking her out for dinner.

° Later, in a regular column for the school paper, she described her experiences with you, without
mentioning you by name. “There was even one particular creep of a professor who once told me he thought
differently of me compared to other students and asked me to dinner: a situation so disturbing that it left me
upset for weeks afterward,” she wrote.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031258
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027180.txt,"Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: DIB807A8-775D-440A-9411-CA3AD1D172A2

Message: She has been trying for years

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/23/17 08:41:48 PM (509604108)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3FFI1F678-E827-4021-A55C-A5474B810DFB

Message: That sucks

Time: 02/23/17 08:41:55 PM (509604115)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: CO26C3B1-62CD-4578-8BOF-E46740FB96DC

Message: Bill intervened and said 6 months with him

Time: 02/23/17 08:42:14 PM (509604134)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 5683B02C-7334-47B5-8A36-2D2E578C9538

Message: They say it's not firing

Sender: fr

Time: 02/23/17 08:42:28 PM (509604148)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6089E203-2B4E-4BO0C-905C-85CBCA3FE21F

Message: That I've been gone 3 years and the org is a different place

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/23/17 08:42:31 PM (509604151)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027180
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012856.txt,"desire. The decrease in gray matter allows habitual liars to lie without feeling guilty. The messaging
center that sends healthy subjects moral reminders about the virtues of truth, is shut down or barely
audible within the mind of a pathological liar. The brain of a pathological liar allows for the ultimate
poker face. The brain of a healthy individual allows us to perfect the poker face by repeating a distorted
narrative, converting a lie into a self-justified truth. This is dangerous denial.

When we lie, either to manipulate someone else or ourselves, we distort the truth. We can either
do this on the fly or use a narrative held in long-term memory. When Hilary Clinton told her supporters
that she had to dodge bullets in Bosnia, she either lied in the moment to convey a stronger image or she
developed this distortion over a long period of time. In the first instance, she knew that her comment
about Bosnia was false. She was deceptive, but not self-deceived. In the second case, she was self-
deceived and most likely unaware. Her narrative was so clear that she could picture running for cover
without the usual welcoming party. Several studies now reveal that both forms of lying engage brain
areas associated with self-control and conflict— the right backside of the prefrontal cortex and the
anterior cingulate. This makes sense. To tell a lie, either to oneself or another, requires controlling what
we know about reality to convey an alternative reality. When we hold both versions of this narrative in
mind, there is conflict. As we rehearse one version more than the other, the conflict dissipates. The more
we rehearse, the more we push this narrative into long term memory. The more we push this narrative
into long term memory, the more it becomes part of what we believe is true. The more we believe it is
true, the more we hold onto a narrative that can be used to justify our actions.

The imaging results fit well with our understanding of which brain regions are involved in self-
control, conflict, memory, and social knowledge. To understand which regions are either necessary or
sufficient for representing truths and lies, we turn to a technique called ‘ranscranial direct current
stimulation. This method allows researchers to safely increase or decrease activity in a brain area
through electrical stimulation. Think of this technique as a volume knob on an old fashioned radio. Turn it
clockwise and you amplify the signal. Turn it counter-clockwise and you quiet the signal. When the
German neuroscientist Ahmed Karim and his colleagues applied this technique to the right backside of
the prefrontal cortex, and decreased activity, healthy subjects were better at telling lies, lied without guilt,
and were less stressed out as measured by the sweatiness of their skin. This pattern mirrors the natural
state of pathological liars. Absent the circuitry in the brain that exerts self-control over our distortions,
Karim turned healthy subjects into conscience-free, poker-faced, liars.

If self-deception and deception are not only part of normal brain function, but adaptive processes,
then what makes this system turn toxic? What tips the brain over to the dark side, allowing self-deceptive

illusions to empower the individuals and groups to cause great harm?

Hauser Chapter 3. Ravages of denial 110

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012856
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029076.txt,"Questioner: Very simply put, there’s a growing movement among young people here in
Europe, in France and in Austria and elsewhere, and they’re arguing very effectively
against Wall Street institutions and they’re also appealing to people on an ethnic and
racial level. And I was just wondering what you would recommend to counteract these
movements, which are growing.

Bannon: One of the reasons that you can understand how they’re being fueled is that
they’re not seeing the benefits of capitalism. I mean particularly — and I think it’s
particularly more advanced in Europe than it is in the United States, but in the United
States it’s getting pretty advanced — is that when you have this kind of crony capitalism,
you have a different set of rules for the people that make the rules. It’s this partnership of
big government and corporatists. I think it starts to fuel, particularly as you start to see
negative job creation. If you go back, in fact, and look at the United States’ GDP, you look
at a bunch of Europe. If you take out government spending, you know, we’ve had negative
growth on a real basis for over a decade.

And that all trickles down to the man in the street. If you look at people’s lives, and
particularly millennials, look at people under 30 — people under 30, there’s 50% really
under employment of people in the United States, which is probably the most advanced
economy in the West, and it gets worse in Europe.

I think in Spain it’s something like 50 or 60% of the youth under 30 are underemployed.
And that means the decade of their twenties, which is where you have to learn a skill,
where you have to learn a craft, where you really start to get comfortable in your
profession, you’re taking that away from the entire generation. That’s only going to fuel
tribalism, that’s only going to fuel [unintelligible]... That’s why to me, it’s incumbent upon
freedom-loving people to make sure that we sort out these governments and make sure
that we sort out particularly this crony capitalism so that the benefits become more of this
entrepreneurial spirit and that can flow back to working-class and middle-class people.
Because if not, we’re going to pay a huge price for this. You can already start to see it.
Questioner: I have a question, because you worked on Wall Street. What is the opinion
there on whether they think bank bailouts are justified? Is there a Christian-centered
[unintelligible | that they think should be bailed out? The crisis starts earlier than 2008.
What was the precedent then? What was the feeling on Wall Street when they bailed out

the banks? How should Christians feel about advocating or being against that?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029076
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013590.txt,"psychologist, William James, and was studied using fieldwork by anthropologists

such as Bronislaw Malinolowki as described in his classic book, Magic, Science and

Religion. Wa

hopeless, without materialistic solutions and trapped in a belief system of spiritual
nihilism? Was this a brain chemical transcendence escape and spiritual delivery
system for the suprapsychological survival of those in dire need? As the 13""
Century Islamic mystic, Jelaluddin Rumi, has written, “lf a tree could fly off, it

n

wouldn’t suffer the saw...” and more concretely, “...if you can’t go somewhere,
move into the passageways of the self...,” a spiritual escape via a neurobiological
road to the God-space within.

What followed were a few years of occasional exploration of an “inside out”
understanding of the mystical states evoked by the entheogenic family of chemicals.
There were varieties of settings for these personal experiments. | found myself
LSD-lost, circling endlessly in the tall silence of a Northern California redwood
forest. | tried on Hunter Thompson’s mescaline lenses for the experience of Las
Vegas unfiltered. | was expertly mentored in these quests by a distinguished
collection of guides: Cultural anthropologist Michael Harner who taught me about
the yage and datura use among the shaman of the Jivaro; Social anthropologist,
Barbara Meyerhoff introduced me to the personal renewal rituals of the peyote
cactus-using Huichol Indians of the Southwestern Sonora Desert; Neurochemically
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90

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013590
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TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033217.txt,"From: Kathy Ruemmler________________________________ 
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To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
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Refugees and Visas - Lawfare 
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Page 41

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012436
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014410.txt,"﻿Japan Economics Viewpoint
Ready for ignition
18 November 2016
Consensus underestimating GDP and inflation
We are upbeat on Japan’s outlook and think consensus is underestimating the strength
of medium-term GDP and inflation. We expect growth of 1.4% in CY2017 and 1.2% in
CY2018, well above consensus of just 0.8% growth next year. For the first time in four
years both monetary and fiscal policy are supporting growth. The combination of
modestly higher commodity prices, a weaker yen, and a tightening output gap should
drive Japan-style core inflation to 1.0% in CY2017, and 1.4% in CY2018. We expect the
BoJ to keep its rate targets unchanged for the foreseeable future as inflation moves in
the right direction.
Fiscal and monetary policy realigning
For years Japan has oscillated between loose and tight fiscal policy. Japanese
policymakers now seem to be on the same page and we see little risk of another policy
error. If anything, we see upside risks from greater fiscal stimulus via a third
supplementary budget or a relatively aggressive FY17 ordinary budget. Meanwhile, the
BoJ’s new interest-pegging regime ensures that financial conditions will become
increasingly stimulatory as inflation rises.
Economics
Japan
Izumi Devalier
Japan Economist
Merrill Lynch (Japan)
+81 3 6225 6257
izumi.devalier@baml.com
2017 – a year of recovering domestic demand
We think the economy is heading towards a cyclical sweet spot and see a broad-based
recovery in domestic demand. Specifically, 1) consumption is poised to rebound as the
saving rate peaks; 2) capex should accelerate in response to the improving demand
outlook, deepening supply-side constraints, and “low-for-longer” real rates; and 3)
increased efforts by policymakers to accelerate income redistribution could push up the
velocity of money at the margin, helping to reflate the economy.
Unauthorized redistribution of this report is prohibited. This report is intended for amanda.ens@baml.com
Biggest risk factor: US policy uncertainty
External developments pose the greatest risk to our forecasts, chief among them US
policy uncertainty. The downside scenario for Japan is a combination of rising US
protectionism, sliding global trade, and a stronger yen, which could reduce 2017 growth
to zero. The Trump presidency may increase pressure on Japan to achieve greater
military self-reliance, boosting defense spending. There will also be greater incentives to
deepen economic and trade linkages with key regional players, such as China and Russia.
Chart 1: We think consensus is underestimating the strength of medium-term GDP and inflation
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
Real GDP %YoY
0.7
0.6
1.4
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch forecasts, Bloomberg
1.2
0.8 0.7
CY16 CY17 CY18 CY16 CY17 CY18
BofA Merrill Lynch does and seeks to do business with issuers covered in its research reports. As a
result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the
objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making
their investment decision.
Refer to important disclosures on page 13 to 14. 11686430
Timestamp: 17 November 2016 03:00PM EST
CPI ex fresh food %YoY
-0.3
-0.3
1.0
BofAML Consensus (Bloomberg, as of 15 Nov 2016)
0.4
1.4
0.6
Escape from zero
The Q3 CY16 GDP print confirms our view that Japan has at last emerged from the de
facto zero-growth trap of the past few years. Growth accelerated to an aboveconsensus
2.2% q-o-q saar, after a 0.7% rise in Q2 CY16 and 2.1% rise in Q1 CY16. We
expect a moderation in Q4 CY16, but underlying growth will remain firmly in the 1.0-
1.5% range. We are currently tracking CY2016 growth of 0.7%, a modest improvement
from 0.6% in CY2015, though the switch to a new GDP standard 1 next month raises
uncertainty around our forecasts.
Upturn in exports to be sustained through Q3 CY17
The recent recovery has been driven by a fading consumption tax shock and stronger
exports. The downturn in the global industrial cycle in 2014-16 hurt Japan, but
manufacturing activity bottomed out early this year and is now modestly expanding
(Chart 2). The OECD leading indicator continues to signal a synchronized pick-up in
global growth (Chart 3). The domestic inventory cycle also points to production gains
ahead (Chart 4). For Japanese exporters, the improvement in demand has been most
visible for Europe (Chart 5). US and Chinese demand will likely follow, though the
mainland’s structural shift to services implies only a modest acceleration. We expect the
current up-cycle in global exports to be sustained through Q3 CY17 – possibly longer
depending on developments in the US (more on this later). The combination of stronger
external demand and a weaker currency should shore up business confidence, especially
among manufacturers, and lay the foundations of Japan’s recovery.
Chart 2: Industrial activity has bottomed out
Index 2010=100 3mma sa
110
105
100
95
90
85
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
IP Real exports
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, METI, BoJ
Chart 3: OECD leading indicator points to modest global expansion
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
OECD global leading indicator, %YoY (LHS)
Japan real exports, %YoY (RHS)
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, OECD, BoJ
50
30
10
-10
-30
-50
Chart 4: The shipment-inventory cycle points to production gains ahead
Shipments %YoY
10
5
0
-5
-10
Mar 2013
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, METI
Sep 2016
-10 -5 0 5 10
Inventories %YoY
Chart 5: Japan's real exports by destination, 3mma %YoY
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
N. America EU China
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, BoJ
1
Japan will switch to SNA2008 methodology, starting with the release of revised Q3 CY16
GDP due 8 December 2016.
2 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
Automatic easing
Policy headwinds are also abating: for the first time since 2013, both fiscal and
monetary policy are poised to turn stimulatory in 2017.
Monetary policy: BoJ pegs to zero
The BoJ’s transition to yield-curve targeting ensures that real yields will drop as inflation
picks up, implying that financial conditions will turn increasingly loose as the recovery
progresses. There are good reasons to be cautiously optimistic: after all, despite a triple
whammy of weak domestic demand, weak commodity prices, and a stronger yen,
Japanese inflation measures are showing early signs of bottoming out (Chart 6).
We expect Japan-style core inflation (CPI ex fresh food) to trough in Q4 CY16, after
which it should accelerate relatively quickly in the first two quarters of 2017 in response
to 1) a recovery in crude oil prices, 2) a weaker yen (we assume USDJPY rebounds to
120 by the end of the year), and 3) stronger wage growth. This also implies stronger
core-core inflation (CPI ex food & energy). We are bullish on all three factors and see
CY17 core inflation running at an above-consensus 1.0% and 1.4% in CY18.
This is still short of the central bank’s 2% target (Chart 7). But we believe there will be
little pressure to lower rates further, especially against the backdrop of a weakening yen
and rising global yields. More broadly, things are moving in the right direction for the
BoJ. The private sector has been steadily re-leveraging, albeit gradually. Meanwhile,
labor markets continue to tighten and wage growth is slowly improving: the 4-quarter
moving average for hourly wages is now up to 1.2% y-o-y (Chart 8). With the labor
market for lower-cost part-time workers nearing saturation, growth in higher-quality,
full-time jobs is picking up (Chart 9). We expect a moderation in employment gains and
faster wage growth ahead.
Chart 6: Produce and consumer price inflation (ex-tax effect)
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Corporate goods prices %YoY (LHS)
Headline CPI %YoY (LHS)
Corporate service prices %YoY (RHS)
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MIA
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
Chart 7: Japan-style core inflation (CPI ex fresh food) forecasts (FY basis)
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
BoJ BofAML Consensus Target
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, BoJ, JCER *Consensus is JCER ESP survey
Chart 8: Wage growth is picking up on the back of tight labor markets
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Chart 9: Full-time job growth is accelerating
3.0
Abenomics
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Hourly wages, %YoY 4qtr ma
US-style core inflation (ex-tax), %YoY 4qtr ma
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MHLW, MIA
Part-time, ppt contribution
Total employment, %YoY
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MIA
Full-time, ppt contribution
Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 3
Fiscal policy: turning looser In FY17
Fiscal policy is undergoing an equally important shift. In August, the Cabinet approved
an economic stimulus package totaling JPY28trn (roughly 5.5% of GDP). Though “real
water” government spending is a comparatively modest JPY7.5trn (1.5% of GDP), this is
enough to put the fiscal impulse back in expansionary territory, after three years of
tightening (Chart 10). The stimulus measures, which are centered on public investment
and cash transfers to households, should boost CY2017 GDP by 0.5ppt. Public
construction orders are already rebounding as the government front-loaded public
infrastructure spending (Chart 11). Meanwhile, the next stage of the consumption tax
increase has been postponed until October 2019.
Chart 10: After 3 years of tightening, fiscal policy to turn loose in FY17
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, IMF, CAO
To be clear, we are not talking about massive shifts in the fiscal stance here—the
Ministry of Finance remains very much opposed to expanding the deficit and Prime
Minister Abe has yet to abandon the government’s long-standing goal of balancing the
primary balance by FY2020.
However, there is a growing consensus among Japanese policymakers that premature
fiscal tightening is counter-productive for reflation efforts, especially when monetary
policy is stretched. Even BoJ Governor Kuroda, who initially underplayed the risks from
2014 fiscal tightening, has recently acknowledged that loose monetary and fiscal
policies will have a “synergistic effect.” The upshot is that the risk of another policy
error is low, in our view. If anything, we see upside risks from greater fiscal stimulus in
the form of a third supplementary budget or relatively aggressive FY17 ordinary budget.
We would not rule out further delays to the October 2019 consumption tax hike, either.
Chart 11: Public investment is poised to pick up in the months ahead
30
20
10
0
-10
Forecasts
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 f FY16 f FY17 f
Fiscal impulse (change in cyclically-adjusted primary balance), % GDP
-20
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Public construction orders received %YoY 3mma
Public construction orders completed %YoY 3mma
Contractionary
Expansionary
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MITI
4 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
2017: a good year for domestic demand
Policy tailwinds are only one pillar of our call for Japan’s outperformance in 2017. We
also believe the stars are aligning for an organic improvement in domestic demand,
which would support the current recovery: the economy is firing on all cylinders for the
first time since 2013, and growth should accelerate to 1.4% in CY2017, followed by
1.2% expansion in CY2018 (Chart 12).
We see three catalysts: a consumer comeback, stronger capex, and a shift in income
away from high-saving corporations in favour of higher-spending households and
stockholders.
Chart 12: Steady improvement in growth, led by domestic demand
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
BofAMLForecasts
-2.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Private demand Public demand Net exports Real GDP growth %YoY
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch forecasts, CAO
1. Consumer comeback
Households have been the noticeable laggard in the current recovery and the main
reason why Japan’s economy has barely grown since the 2014 consumption tax hike.
This is not for a lack of income growth: real employee compensation (wages +
employment) has staged an impressive recovery of late, rising 1.2% in CY15, and an
estimated 1.9% in CY16 (Chart 13).
One explanation is that private consumption is simply being underestimated in demandside
GDP statistics: researchers at the Bank of Japan recently produced experimental
supply-side estimates of GDP that were significantly higher than existing expenditureside
statistics. 2 We find the BoJ research interesting and agree that Japanese
consumption statistics are beset by data quality issues. But this alone cannot account
for the consumption slump. We think two factors are equally to blame for depressed
household spending: 1) a squeeze on disposable income from higher taxes and social
security contributions; and 2) a surge in the saving rate (Chart 14).
Calling Japan right in 2017 is largely about correctly forecasting whether these two
trends will reverse. We see several reasons for optimism. First, we expect real employee
compensation to accelerate further, driven by a continued pick-up in per capita wages.
The call on the saving rate is admittedly trickier. But having surpassed the 2006 highs,
we think it is unlikely to surge further, given that consumer confidence is improving and
income growth is firming. FY17 tax reforms are also likely to support household
sentiment at the margin: for example, discussions are underway about enlarging tax cuts
for second-earners who work part-time. Overall, we expect private consumption to rise
1.0% in CY17, adding 0.6ppt to growth.
Should the saving rate stabilize, as we expect, consumption should again start rising in
tandem with compensation. Investors should not have to wait long to get some visibility
around these trends. We expect the saving rate to peak in Q4 CY16 and consumption to
rise strongly from this quarter.
2
Link to the research paper (in Japanese only):
https://www.boj.or.jp/research/wps_rev/wps_2016/data/wp16j09.pdf
Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 5
Chart 13: Real labor income and private consumption
Chart 14: Workers' saving rate at all-time high
270
265
260
255
250
245
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
330
320
310
300
290
280
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
Real employee compensation, JPY trn saar (LHS)
Private consumption, JPY trn saar (RHS)
Saving rate of workers' households, % 4qtr ma
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, CAO
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MIA
2. Capex revival
We also see a fundamental case for higher capital spending. Borrowing rates are very
low and will fall further in real terms as inflation rises. Stronger growth and improved
confidence should also encourage higher capex. And deepening supply-side constraints
offer a strong incentive for Japan Inc. to accelerate productivity-enhancing capex,
ensuring that this expansion is durable.
For these reasons, we think that the impulse of capital expenditures will likely be higher
in the non-manufacturing sector, where capacity utilization rates are higher, and labor
shortages (and hence wage pressures) are more acute (Chart 15 and Chart 16).
Chart 15: Capacity utilization rates by sector
Chart 16: Labor shortages by sector
-10
Insufficient
-40
Insufficient
0
-20
10
0
20
20
30
Excess
40
2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016
BoJ Tankan production capacity - manufacturing, DI
BoJ Tankan production capacity - non-manufacturing, DI
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, BoJ
40
Excess
60
2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016
BoJ Tankan employment conditions - manufacturing, DI
BoJ Tankan employment conditions - non-manufacturing, DI
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, BoJ
Chart 17 shows the ratio of personnel costs to sales, using MoF corporate survey data.
The ratio is particularly high for lodging & accommodations (23%), eating & drinking
services (27%), medical, healthcare & welfare (37%) and education & learning support
(37%). Somewhat surprisingly, personnel expenses are fairly restrained in retail. But this
is partly due to the relatively heavy reliance on lower-cost part-time workers. Given the
rapid growth in part-timers’ wages, such cost savings is likely to become increasingly
difficult to maintain.
6 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
Chart 17: Personnel costs to sales, % ratio 4qtr ma (as of Apr-Jun 2016)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MoF
Analysis by METI suggests that many of these non-manufacturing industries have the
scope to raise productivity. Wholesale/retail, utilities, and eating & accommodation have
particularly low levels of productivity relative to the US (Chart 18). We think the solution
is to boost capex, especially in ICT and automation. More broadly, an acceleration in
capex is needed if we are to see a pick-up in productivity and sustained profits. Though
we are by no means in the late stages of the profit cycle, the trend clearly points to
higher wage costs going forward, requiring proactive efficiency-enhancing investment
by corporates. Bottom-up data capex data for MSCI Japan also suggest that the
investment cycle has troughed and will pick up next year as earnings momentum
improves (Chart 19).
Chart 18: Japan's labor productivity relative to the US: services is low
Chart 19: Capex – YoY change in Japan vs Global Earnings Revisions
(2003-07)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, METI
3. Policy priorities and redistribution
We think an increase in government pressure on corporations could speed up income
redistribution at the margin, ensuring that money circulates to those sectors and agents
with a higher propensity to consume. Elevated corporate savings remain a focal point
for the government. Cabinet Office officials have used the concept of the “cash-out
ratio” 3 to highlight the creaky transmission from corporate profits to spending. Chart 20
# stocks upgraded / # downgraded
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16
Global Earnings Revision Ratio (LHS)
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Quantitative Strategy
30%
20%
10%
0%
-10%
-20%
-30%
MSCI Japan capex %YoY (RHS)
Japan CAPEX (YoY Chg)
3
The idea of the “cash-out” ratio was first raised by private sector representatives of the Council on
Fiscal and Economic Policy. The measure is defined as cash out / cash and deposits. The numerator
includes capex, personnel expenses, R&D, dividends, and changes in equity investments in related
companies. The denominator includes cash and deposits, and securities, short-term lending, and
investment securities classified under liquid assets. Since we are restricted to Ministry of Finance
Corporate survey data, our version of the “cash-out ratio” is defined as capex + personnel costs +
dividends / cash and liquid assets.
Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 7
shows that this measure has been on a steady downtrend, with the numbers particularly
low for large corporates.
So far, the government’s approach has relied more on carrots than sticks, with Prime
Minister Abe using a combination of moral suasion and sweeteners to encourage firms
to disgorge profits. The pattern has continued as we approach FY2017. For example,
local media have reported that the government is considering offering corporate tax
breaks to SMEs that raise wages, in light of more modest wage growth at SMEs.
Discussions are also underway in the Prime Minister’s office about reforming working
practices with the immediate focus on “Equal Pay for Equal work (EPEW)”—i.e. reducing
the wage gap between regular and non-regular employees.
But the issue is contentious from both a capital and labour perspective. And considering
the time it will likely take for related legislation to pass in the Diet, we think the lack of
compliance mechanisms may mean that the immediate impact of EPEW will be limited.
Instead, the debate seems to have shifted towards limiting excessive and unproductive
overtime work. This is low-hanging fruit that does not address the issue of Japan’s
labour market rigidities, which are at the heart of the problem of suppressed wages and
weak household spending power.
That said, there are signs that the government’s patience is wearing thin and that the
Prime Minister is increasingly leaning towards direct intervention. For example, the
government has already delivered a minimum wage hike in FY2016 and plans to take the
national average up to JPY1,000 by 2020 via yearly hikes of 3%. These policy changes
should offer small tailwinds for the recovery in private consumption. We also think the
debate over a possible retained earnings tax is unlikely to go away. We are sceptical it
will be introduced in this year’s tax reforms. However, the government’s escalating war
on corporates hoarding cash is likely to lead to a continued rise in dividend payouts and
share buybacks (Chart 21).
Chart 20: Firms' cash-out ratio*, % 4qtr ma
40%
30%
20%
10%
Chart 21: Dividends and share buybacks by Japanese firms (TSE 1st
section listed)
(JPY trn)
20
15
10
5
0%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
All firm sizes Large firms Small firms
0
Dividend
Share buyback
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MoF *The cash-out ratio is defined as personnel
expenses, capex, and dividend payouts as a share of cash and liquid asset balances
Source: Nikkei Astra, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
Note: FY2016 dividend is companies' guidance. FY2016 share buyback is estimated by annualizing
the YTD numbers as of November 2016
Risk factors: largely from overseas
A key risk to our 2017 outlook on the domestic side may be weaker-than-expected
growth in real labor income, or a continued surge in the household saving rate, which
would constrain consumption.
However, we think the biggest risks in either direction stem from abroad. Specifically,
we see higher uncertainty over global trade, risk sentiment, and FX as a result of
political transitions in the US and Eurozone. We consider multiple policy scenarios under
a Trump presidency.
Trump’s campaign promises have mixed implications for Japan. On a positive note
deregulation, tax cuts, and aggressive infrastructure spending could boost US aggregate
8 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
demand. Our US economics team expects the stimulus to boost growth in H2 CY17 and
likely CY18. Japan should be a big winner from stronger US growth, given its high
exposure to the US economy in terms of exports and corporate profits (Chart 22 and
Chart 23). On the negative side, aggressive protectionist trade measures, if
implemented, would depress US growth and global trade further. If combined with a
stronger yen, Japan’s economy would be hit hard.
Chart 22: Japan's export exposure (% of total gross and value-added
exports*)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Source: OECD
USA CHN KOR TWN GER
Gross exports
Value-added basis
Chart 23: Breakdown of Japan exports to US by commodity, 2015
6% 7%
12%
22%
39%
14%
Chemicals Manufactured goods Machinery
Electrical Machinery Transport equipment Others
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, MoF
Base case: “benign Trump” scenario
For the moment, we are assuming limited positive and negative policy changes. Our US
team expects uncertainty to cause a modest slowing of growth in the first half of next
year, but this will be more than offset by fiscal stimulus in the second half and into
2018. But the size of the fiscal expansion will likely be smaller than promised, and the
introduction of modest protectionist measures means that the boost to global trade will
essentially be zero. Table 1 shows the impact on growth under two scenarios, based on
different assumptions for global trade and FX. Under the upside case, Japan’s GDP could
rebound towards 2%, as the economy benefits from a combination of stronger global
trade and a weak currency. Under a downside “protectionist” scenario, 2017 growth
would slow to around zero and would most likely tip Japan back into deflation.
Table 1: Sensitivity of Japan's growth to global trade and foreign exchange rate
(Assumptions) Baseline Case 1 - Upside Case 2 - Downside
Global trade 0.0% 3.0% -10.0%
% JPY appreciation (*) -7.0% -10.0% 10.0%
(Simulation results) Change (Contribution) Change (Contribution) Change (Contribution)
(**) (**) (**)
Real GDP impact 0.2ppt - 0.9ppt - -1.4ppt -
Consumption 0.0% (0.02ppt) 0.3% (0.15ppt) -0.8% (-0.44ppt)
Capex 1.9% (0.26ppt) 2.9% (0.40ppt) -3.2% (-0.44ppt)
Net Exports - (0.00ppt) - (0.30ppt) - (-0.23ppt)
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, CAO, MoF, IMF
(*) Rate of appreciation of Japanese yen in terms of effective exchange rate
(**) Contributions to the change in real GDP
Political impact of a Trump administration
For Japan, the impact of Trump’s election goes beyond economic issues. It also impacts
defense spending and regional trade arrangements.
Military self-reliance and budget choices
Trump has made it clear that he wants allies of the US to shoulder a greater share of
the defense burden. There is a lot of uncertainty as to how far Trump will go to redefine
the US-Japan alliance. Despite his criticism, Japan already pays about 75% of US
military hosting costs. However, it seems fair to assume that Japan will be expected to
Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 9
increase its defense spending. Under Prime Minister Abe, the defense budget has
expanded by 7% but has been kept at roughly 1% of GDP, in keeping with historical
guidelines. This is small by international standards and more likely than not will rise in
the coming years (Chart 24). The composition of spending is also likely to shift from
operating costs towards procurement, which is currently a very small part of the budget
(Chart 25).
Chart 24: Military spending % of GDP as of 2015—Japan's is low by int'l
standards
6
5
4
Chart 25: Breakdown of Japan's defense-related expenditures
100%
50%
3
2
1
0
JP UK AU CH FR KR US RU
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, World Bank
0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
JP R&D, facility development, maintenance etc.
JP procurement of equipment
JP personnel and food provisions
U.S.Forces Japan-related cost
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Ministry of Defense
TPP and trade policy: potential for linkages with other regional players
Trump and his aides have made it clear that they consider the Trans Pacific Partnership
(TPP) to be a “bad deal.” Media have reported that President Obama is not considering
pushing the deal through a lame duck Congress. This means the deal is likely dead in its
current form.
While negative for Japan, the expected withdrawal of the US from TPP could spur new
arrangements with regional partners. One potential positive is the prospect of improved
economic and trade linkages with other key players in the region, including Russia and
even China. Three upcoming events are worth monitoring closely (Table 2): first, the 19-
20 November APEC Summit in Lima, Peru, where we are likely to see vigorous
discussions on the future of the TPP as well as further progress on the Regional
Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP); second, the 15 December Abe-Putin
Summit, in Yamaguchi prefecture; and third a potential trilateral summit between Japan,
China, and Korea, which onshore media now say is being scheduled for 19-20 December,
though it may not happen given the unfolding leadership upheaval in Korea.
Bullish bottom line – don’t underestimate the recovery
We are optimistic on Japan and think the acceleration in GDP and inflation in 2017 will
be much stronger than consensus expects. For the first time since 2013, fiscal and
monetary policy will be lined up in the same expansionary direction. The global export
cycle has turned and is now tracking modest expansion. Meanwhile, the headwinds to
domestic demand are finally turning into tailwinds. Unlike in the past, we think the risks
of a policy error are low. Assuming that external risks are kept at bay, we think Japan will
surprise with the strength of its recovery.
10 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
Table 2: Calendar of political events
Date
2016
Sep 26 - Nov 30 (to be extended)
Nov 15
Nov 17
Nov 19-20
Dec 8
Dec 15-16
Dec 24
Event
Extraordinary Diet session (supplementary budget, TPP, tax-hike delay, casino bill)
Japan-Russia trade officials meet (Tokyo)
Abe, Trump meet in New York
Abe, Putin meet at APEC (progress on territorial issue a key public concern)
Jul-Sep GDP 2nd preliminary (change to 2008SNA)
Outline of FY2017 Tax Reform to be released
Russia's Putin to visit Abe in Yamaguchi prefecture
Cabinet to compile FY17 budget
2017
Ordinary Diet session (Jan)
LDP annual convention (Mar 5)
Tokyo parliamentary election (summer)
2018 and later
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
Governor Kuroda's term ends (Apr)
2018
Abe's second term as LDP President ends (Sep)
Lower House election if no snap election before (Dec)
Nationwide local elections (spring)
2019
Upper house election (summer)
Consumption tax hike (Oct)
2020 Tokyo Olympics
2021 LDP Presidential term ends
Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016 11
Table 3: Economic forecast summary
Calendar Year Fiscal Year Quarterly
2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018 3Q16 4Q16 1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 1Q18
(A) (F) (F) (F) (A) (F) (F) (F) (A) (F) (F) (F) (F) (F) (F)
Real GDP (%,qoq ann.) 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.2 0.3 2.1 1.5 1.0 2.4 -0.1
Private Consumption (%,qoq ann.) -1.2 0.4 1.0 1.2 -0.1 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.8
Private Capex (%,qoq ann.) 1.6 0.6 1.7 3.2 2.1 0.7 2.4 2.9 0.1 5.0 -0.8 1.4 2.5 7.0 3.1
Private Resid. Investment (%,qoq ann.) -2.5 5.3 0.3 1.1 2.4 6.4 -1.3 1.7 9.6 -2.0 -2.0 -3.9 -5.9 6.1 1.6
Government Consumption (%,qoq ann.) 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.7 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8
Public Investment (%,qoq ann.) -2.5 -1.5 3.1 -2.1 -2.7 0.9 1.4 -0.7 -2.7 1.6 8.2 14.8 -11.5 -7.8 -3.9
Exports of Goods & Services (%,qoq ann.) 2.8 -0.3 5.3 3.1 0.4 0.9 5.8 2.3 8.1 4.5 4.5 5.9 11.0 4.6 -3.0
Imports of Goods & Services (%,qoq ann.) 0.4 -1.3 3.9 1.8 0.0 -0.4 4.3 1.4 -2.4 9.0 2.0 4.6 11.8 -1.9 -1.6
Contribution points
Domestic Demand (%,yoy) 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.2
Net Exports (%,yoy) 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 2.0 -0.8 0.4 0.2 -0.1 1.1 -0.3
Industrial Production (%,qoq) 1.4 0.7 -0.6 1.6 2.5 1.4 -0.9
(%,yoy) -1.2 -0.8 3.5 3.6 -1.4 0.4 4.2 3.0 0.4 1.2 1.7 3.1 4.2 4.9 4.6
Nationwide BOJ-style Core CPI (%,yoy) 0.5 -0.3 1.0 1.4 0.0 -0.1 1.2 1.4 -0.5 -0.1 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.4
Nationwide US-style Core CPI (%,yoy) 1.0 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9
Unemployment Rate (%) 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8
BoJ ST interest rate target (End of period) -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1
BoJ LT interest rate target (End of period) n/a 0.0 0.0 0.0 n/a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yen/$ (End of period) 120.2 108.0 120.0 115.0 112.6 112.0 115.0 115.0 101.4 108.0 112.0 115.0 117.0 120.0 115.0
Yen/Euro (End of period) 130.6 116.6 126.0 121.0 128.1 117.6 124.0 121.0 113.9 116.6 117.6 117.3 119.3 126.0 124.0
Note: We may revise our forecasts once additional data become available.
Sources: BoJ, MoF, ESRI of Cabinet Office(EPA), MPMHAPT(MCA), METI(MITI), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates.
12 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
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14 Japan Economics Viewpoint | 18 November 2016
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031270.txt,"On 12/11/17 1:00 PM, Peter Aldhous wrote:

Dear Dr. Krauss,

Thank you for your responses, which state that the allegations made against you are false and/or distorted.
That does raise a question:

Why do you think that multiple women, over more than a decade, have separately made accusations against
you?

Sincerely,
Peter Aldhous

On 12/11/17 9:18 AM, Lawrence Krauss wrote:

I appreciate the opportunity to respond to your email. I am currently on a plane until noon pacific time, and then
heading to a meeting right after landing, till about 2 pm or so. While Iam running the risk that you will report
my comments, if you do, either out of context, or incompletely, I am responding with an effort to be complete,
as I always try and do with reporters. If you decide to go ahead with a story, which, after reading my responses,
I hope you decide is inappropriate, I would like you to quote my responses fully in order not to distort them.

It is hard to know how to respond to a list of false and/or distorted allegations, along with misleading
statements. I treat people I interact with with respect, and I work hard to support and mentor students,
colleagues, and members of the general public, and this is supported by the institutions of which Iam a part. I
do not sexually harass people. If the purpose of your reporting is to somehow argue that Universities and other
institutions are lax in dealing with well known individuals like myself, then in fact the situation is quite the
opposite. My high public profile opens me up to more scrutiny at these institutions, not less, and it also opens
me up to a host of unfounded outside complaints and allegations that other faculty do not receive, each of which
the University has to respond to. The fact that I have remained a professor in all Universities with which I have
been associated, in good standing, and also an officer or an invited speaker at organizations like CFI, which
have strict harassment policies, is a confirmation of the fact that their experience validates a trust in my
behavior. I was asked to be an honorary director of CFI, and continue to be invited to their last 3 meetings to
speak, specifically because, as they have written me after the fact, the attendees universally appreciated my
talks, my courtesy, and graciousness in spending time with the attendees. Ifthe purpose of your report is to
impugn my integrity or suggest I have a history of harassment, that too is false. As noted in one of your
‘miscellaneous facts’, as a scientist I try and remain skeptical, and rely on empirical evidence, rather than
allegations and innuendo by people whose motives I cannot judge. I also try and judge the facts in context. The
fact that Universities and other organizations employ me or have me on their boards, or invite me to meetings is
because they value my contributions and my actions.

The items you list are false or distorted. Item 1 refers to a consensual encounter in my hotel room in 2006 where
we mutually decided, in a polite discussion in fact, that taking it any further would not be appropriate, and there
were respectful and platonic encounters afterwards. There is nothing to comment on in item 3, which involves
an anonymous 3rd party claim because I know nothing about it, there are no details provided, and it clearly was
not taken seriously enough to result in any university action. Item 4 is confusing. Are you saying that because I
decided I didn’t want to go out to a bar with a group of attendees that I was harassing them? The second part
did not happen. Re incident 5: The ‘female companion’ in this case is my wife, who accompanied me on the
cruise, and has attested to the fact that the claim is false. This is what I wrote at the time in response to the blog
in question, causing it to be taken down.

It is worth responding to Item 2 and 6 in more detail,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031270
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012707.txt,"I WEST PALM BEACH OFFICE: 
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e-SH1PLEYpA  
d m() 
VIA EMAIL AND U.S. MAIL 
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Robert B. Carney, Special Master 
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Re: Edwards adv. Epstein 
Our File No.: 291874 
Dear Judge Carney: 
Attached please find the Master Contact List pursuant to your Interim Report in this 
matter. 
Sincerely, 
Dictated But Not Signed By 
Jack Scarola To Expedite Delivery 
JACK SCAROLA 
JS/mep 
Enc. 
cc: Bradley J. Edwards, Esq. 
Joseph L. Ackerman, Esq. 
Christopher Knight, Esq. 
(850) 224-7600 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012707 
MASTER CONTACT LIST REGARDING Privilege Log — Dated 2-23-2011 
Farmer.laffe, Weissing, Edwards, Fistos & Lehrman  
CONTACT NAME 	IDENTITY 
Adam Horowitz 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Adam Steinberg 	Attorney RRA 
Alan Garten 	Donald Trump's attorney 
Amy Eden i 	Robert Josefsberg's daughter 
Amy Swan 	Expert in Epstein Case 
Anthony P 	RRA CLIENT 
Attorneys at RRA 
Barry Stone 	Attorney RRA 
Bert Patton 	Legal Assistant to Robert Josefsberg 
Beth Williamson 	Paralegal RRA 
Bradley Edwards 	Attorney RRA 
Cara Holmes 	Attorney RRA 
Carl Linder 	Attorney RRA 
Carla Martinez 	Law Clerk at RRA 
Carolyn 	(Legal Asst. to Jay Howell, Co-Counsel) 
Carolyn Edwards 	(Legal Asst. to Jay Howell, Co-Counsel) 
Confidential Source 
Christina Fitch 	Staff RRA 
Denis Kleinfeld 	Attorney RRA 
D.F. 	Client (Epstein Case) 
Dr. Lee 	Expert (Epstein Case) 
Earleen Cote 	Attorney 
Elizabeth Kim 	Paralegal RRA 
Elizabeth Villar 	Legal Assistant RRA 
Gary Farmer 	Attorney RRA 
Grant Smith 	Attorney RRA 
Ileana Yarzabal 	Prior Paralegal to Robert Josefsberg 
Investigators 	Investigators RRA 
Jack Hill 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Jack Scarola 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Jacquie Johnson 	Paralegal RRA 
Jessica Caldwell 	Attorney Critton's Assistant 
Josh Roberts 	Attorney 
Jonathan Birkman 	Attorney RRA 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012708 
MASTER CONTACT LIST REGARDING Privilege Log — Dated 2-23-2011 
Farmer, Jaffe, Weissing, Edwards, Fistos & Lehrman  
Katherine Ezell 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Kikka Claudio 	Assistant to Attorney Jack Hill 
Kendall Coffey 	Special Counsel to RRA on Epstein Case 
Ken Jenne 	Investigators RRA 
Lisa Rivera 	Legal Assistant to Adam Horowitz 
Litigation Team 	RRA attorneys and staff 
Marc Nurik 	Attorney RRA 
Margaret Berk 	Legal Assistant to Spencer Kuvin 
Maribel Matiska 	RRA Paralegal 
Mark Fistos 	Attorney RRA 
Mercedes Estrada 	Katherine Ezell's Assistant 
MG 	Client (Epstein Case) 
Michael Wheeler 	Attorney RRA 
Mike Fisten 	Investigators RRA 
N.R. 	Client communication 
Nora Batian 	RRA Staff 
Pasqual ""Pat"" Diaz 	Investigators RRA 
Pat Roberts 	Investigators RRA 
Paul Cassel 	Co-Counsel on Epstein Case 
Phaedra Xanthos 	Forensic Accountant 
Priscila Nascimento 	Staff RRA 
Richard Willits 	Attorney 
Richard Wolfe 	Attorney RRA 
Robert Buschel 	Attorney RRA 
Robert C. Josefsbergs 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Robin T. Kempner 	RRA Staff 
Ronald Wise 	Forensics (Epstein Case) 
RRA Personnel 	RRA 
Russell Adler 	Attorney RRA 
Scott Goldstein 	Attorney RRA 
Scott Rothstein 	Attorney RRA 
Seth Lehrman 	Attorney RRA 
Shawn Gilbert 	Prior Legal Assistant to Brad Edwards 
Sid Garcia 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Spencer Kuvin 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
Steven Jaffe 	Attorney RRA 
Stuart Mermelstein 	Counsel for other Epstein Victims 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012709 
MASTER CONTACT LIST REGARDING Privilege Log — Dated 2-23-2011 
Farmer, Jaffe, Weissing, Edwards, Fistos & Lehrman  
Susan K. Stirling 	RRA Staff 
Tami Wolfe 	Attorney RRA 
T. Edwards 	Brad Edwards Wife 
Unknown Staff 	RRA STAFF 
Wayne Black 	Private Investigator 
William J. Berger 	Attorney RRA 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012710 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031516.txt,"From: Weingarten, Reid [ns

Sent: 10/21/2016 11:33:11 AM
To: Jeffrey Epstein (jeevacation@gmail.com) [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: FW: Trump lawyers given court date over lawsuit alleging rape of 13-year-old | US news | The Guardian

Importance: — High

From: stanpottinger [mailto

Sent: Thursday, October 20, 2016 9:31 PM

To: Weingarten, Reid

Subject: Trump lawyers given court date over lawsuit alleging rape of 13-year-old | US news | The Guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/12/donald-trump-jeffrey-epstein-alleged-rape-lawsuit

Hope all is well. We're due for a catch-up one day soon, you think?

Sent from my Verizon, Samsung Galaxy smartphone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031516
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017807.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 7 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 8 of 18

Roberts, who showed the Herald the written instructions for the rendezvous, never picked up the girl because Roberts met a man on the trip who would
become her husband. The couple married and moved to Australia, where they currently live.

In 2007 — at the same time the FBI was investigating Epstein — Roberts, pregnant with her second child, said she unexpectedly received phone calls from
Maxwell and Epstein. She said they were worried that she had told police about them. She assured them she had not spoken to anyone, she said.

Shortly afterward, Roberts said, she was contacted by someone who claimed to be with the FBI. But she was afraid to tell that person details, fearing it was
really an Epstein associate posing as an FBI agent.

That agent, identified in court papers as Timothy Slater, confirmed that he and the other agent on the case, Nesbitt Kuyrkendall, called Roberts in January
or February 2007. Ina sworn statement, Slater said he informed Roberts that they suspected she was a victim of Epstein’s.

The agent said Roberts answered basic questions, but became uncomfortable and “asked that I not bother her again.”

Roberts said the agent didn’t try too hard to convince her to talk, and she was surprised when he hung up after asking her a few graphic questions about
her sex life. She said she was suspicious, but would have cooperated had the FBI talked to her in person and explained why they were asking about
Epstein.

“T was still scared to death,”’ Roberts said. “Jeffrey used to tell me that he owned the entire Palm Beach Police Department. I just didn’t want my family
harmed.”

She nevertheless was listed by federal prosecutors as one of Epstein’s Palm Beach victims.

As the years went by and Roberts had a daughter, she would be haunted by a fear that Epstein was still taking advantage of young girls. In 2011, she went
public in a paid interview with a British tabloid, the Daily Mail, asserting that she had had sex with Prince Andrew, one of Epstein’s friends, several times
when she was a teen.

In her 2015 affidavit, she discussed in detail some of her alleged sex encounters with the prince and Epstein’s other friends, including lawyer Alan
Dershowitz. Edwards included the affidavit in the court file as part of the Jane Does’ Crime Victims’ Rights Act case, at which time it became public.

Virginia Roberts says she was loaned out by Jeffrey Epstein to his friend Prince Andrew, shown here. He denies they had sex. COURTESY OF VIRGINIA ROBERTS

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017807
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020682.txt,"“In 1998, I found myself in Aparan, a large town an hour’s drive from Armenia’s capital, Yerevan. A local dance troupe
was performing that evening, in the open air, with most of the suburb in attendance. As soon as I took my first shot, an
old man approached me,” said French photographer Antoine Agoudjian. “Tears streamed down his face. He told me that
his son had died. That he had been electrocuted, that he was his pride and joy, and that I looked just like him. He broke
into sobs and moved towards me with outstretched arms. His name was Ishran. I asked if he would dance for me, and he
began dancing. The troupe paused and perched on an outcrop of rocks in the background. It was beautiful, not because
the man is beautiful, but because he represents something deep inside the collective consciousness of the Armenian

community: a celebratory resilience in the face of overwhelming loss.”

#17 Class Of 1999

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020682
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024956.txt,"performance of the UAE in light of the financial crisis? What is the UAE government’s
strategy to raise the national economy, and emerge from the financial crisis stronger than
before? How do you respond to the unfair and hateful rumors that Dubai has turned into
a ghost city?

The performance of our economy in the first quarter of this year proves that we are on the way out of the crisis,
and that we are on the right track. Our economy will resume its health faster than other economies, but the
speed of that=2 Oresumption is not governed only by the strength of our economy and its abundant resources.
The speed will also be influenced by developments in the international economy — including the measures of
revival in the grouping of industrialized states known as the G-20, whose role in international trade movement
is about 90 percent of the total international trade, and whose GDP is about 60 percent of the entire world GDP.
The speed of general recovery will also be influenced by the capability of international measures connected
with monitoring markets, and the role, functions and work mechanisms of international financial institutions,
especially the International Monetary Fund. I am optimistic that good implementation of the decisions of G-20
and the International Monetary Fund will speed up the recovery of the global economy.

By Ali Mutalq Al-Quhais Al-Shammari - AlReyadh Newspaper

Sometime ago, several Western papers published unfair reports about the UAE, claiming
human right violations of foreign labor in the UAE, and the lack of free elections in the
UAE, etc. What do you think of these allegations? What do you think is the reason behind
spreading such malicious reports?

They may write whatever they like, and play the tunes that please them. We are not annoyed by criticism, nor
do we fear campaigns. They have their models, experience, values, standards, their cultural and intellectual
frames of references. We have our models, values, st andards and frames of references. We are open to the
entire human experience in every field. We learn from them, but we will never import ready-made models. We
do not accept that, and our society does not accept this. As for the allegations about foreign labor, it is an old
theme, repeated every now and then. Yes, certain sectors of foreign labor are not in the state we like or hope.
But we are steadily improving that state, and we are making progress every year. For years, the talk about
foreign labor has not ceased. Such talk is open to all and to the countries that provide such labor. Despite that,
millions are trying to come to work in our country. So, why do those foreign countries don’t stop their citizens
from coming to work in the UAE if the work situation is such as these nasty reports claim?

By Al Emarat Al Youm

The UAE is facing a regional and global media campaign that questions its ability to
overcome the global financial crisis. How does Your Highness evaluate such campaigns?
What are the tools and the initiatives with which to respond, including the development
of local media?

Action is louder than words. Our achievements and hard work would be the response to these campaigns. The
UAE is immune to such campaigns, and questioning of its ability to continue developing a strong federation is
not going to yield anything. When we established the UAE federation, we faced analysis and speculation
campaigns, questioning our ability to sustain the Federation and ensure its success. Similarly, the launch of
every major project was met with uncertainty and rumors from media campaigns. All these campaigns are
history now and their promoters have been proven to be wrong.

As for your suggestion of responding to these campaigns with tools and initiatives, including the development

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024956
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012350.txt,"c™

Page la: Fage 16

1 A Probably like around 45 minutes. - DETECTIVE RECAREY: Okay. Can you think of }
2 Q Forty-five minutes? Okay. og anything else?
3 You said he wanied to see you again. Did the 3. BY DEFECTIVE DAWSON:
4 blond hair lady try to take your information or -- 4 Q Was he im good shape? Was he a blob?
5 A We said oh, well, | think eave my 5 A He was old but he wasn't as muscular or anything
& secretary your name and number and smffandT'dliketosee ~ 6  Jike thal. He was like a regular old guy.
7 you again and -- “ BY DETECTIVE RECARFY:
& Q Did anybody from the house ever call you again? . 8 Q Did he have any accents or anything or --
9 A Hub-huh. a A Huh-huh. Ne.
10 QQ Nobody ever called you? 18 Q Did he ever introduce himself to you?
Lah A No. “ha A No, That's why E don't know who you're talking
1a Q Okay. So you only went there that one time? '2 about. | guess | heard that name in front of
3 A Yeah. (Inaudible) took notes on his name er anything.
14 Q Okay. Is there anything else you'd ke to add? Q I know this is difficult for you and } know it was
15 A Yes. There was another girl that tike I -- difficult from talking to vou the other day and il’s
16 there were other mumors ike they were partners in doing “16 difficult talking to you now.
Lv that. a A Uh-huh.
14 Q Who was that? Dlg Q But I've talked to a lot of people and f really
1 A. This i fm not. I'm not quite sure. iS appreciate you talking to me ahout this.
2G My brother would probably know because she's older than us | 20 A Ub-huh.

22. becanse she met her at Publix afterwards anc vent
2 and gave her some money. | think they had to shure the $100 |
23 that they did. (Inaudible} a hundred bucks. And then I A No.

1 heard another thing at my school that there was fike a numer DETECTIVE RECAREY: No? [nr going to go
25 about this other girl it happened to. | just didn't sav eee ahead and conclude this statcment. ‘The ime by my

Q Is there anything else you'd like to add to this
statement?

By tm

anythurg because | didn't want anyone te know about me. 1 walch 1s 3:25 pun.
2 Q Do you know who the other girl was? z (Thereupon, the interview ended.)
3 A Ycould ask. is se
4 Q > No. Don't worry about it. 4
3 A Okay. i)
5 Q Did he know you went oI 6
3 A i don't think he knew anything about me. 6
2 Q Like the questcons that he asked vou in trying to 2 2
20) get to know you, what kind cf question I mean other than (he LG
3.1 sexual questions? lL
Wes A He didn't really ask me -- oh, wait. he asked me Jif
£3) what school Pwent to. He was just asking ine like how | is
ié felt because you're good at massaving. Ginaudible) how Twot - 14
23 om the business. | thought yeah. that'd be coel. And he LS
1& ined to ask me se do vou have a boyfriend, what do you do; 1.4
1? for fan. Pretty much like it was kind of weird how often “4?
L8  Gnaudible). How do you like to have sex. Oh. do you like + 18
193 i} when peopie bke touch your boobs. Tsaid no, I don't 19
“20° really bke when people touch my body because nishy und 28
finaudible) dot let anyone touch my boobs anyway. He did 2 1
it, a
QO Ohay. 73
A But he kept asking me like abeut his nipples. 24
25 He's like ch, that feels so goad like -- aS

J. Consor & Associates Reporting & Transcription
561.682.0905

98aeb4ea-fabf-461a-b5d2-be85289cc56a

01914

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012350
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030608.txt,"3s 2fe 2A 24s 2s 2s 24s ois 24s 2s fe fs 2s 2c ois 2fe ois fe of 2s 2c ois 2s ois fe 2s 2s 2c ois 2fe fs 2fe 2fs fe 2c ois 2fe ois 2fe 2fs fe 2s ois 2fe ois 2fe os 2 2s ois 2s ois 2s ois 2s 2s ok 2 ok

The information contained in this communication 1s
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments.

3s 2fe 2s fe 2s 2 24s ois 2fe 2h oye fs 2s 2c ois 24s of oye ofs 2s 2s ois 2fe ois 2fe ois of ofc ois 24s ois fe of 2s 2c ois 2fe ois 2fe fs fe 2s ois 2fe ois 2fe 2s fe 2s ois ofc ois 2s ois 2s 2c ok 2k ok

The information contained in this communication 1s
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030608
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025490.txt,"minded.

He only wants employees.

Sender: i’

Time: 06/05/19 09:47:22 AM (581446042)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read:

Yes

Is Invitation:

No

GUID: 7B27A1A8-83DD-4A37-8 9E5-DF55263500A6

Message:

Yep

london trip not good -- he had gleam in his eye

Time: 06/05/19 12:10:44 PM (581454644)

Flags: 1126401

Is Read:

Yes

Is Invitation:

GUID: CC2ZECB97

Message:

No

8739-4C24-9D77-4FASEFD4AB96

https:

As you had predicted last year

//www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/steve-bannon-believes-trump
obstructed-justice-michael-wolff-says

Sender: i’
Time: 06/05/19 12:10:44 PM (581454644)

Flags: 1060865

ITs Read:

Yes

Is Invitation:

GUID: 07

Message:

Sender:

No

EDCB9EF

E92B-4A72-9A0B-6A45A6F10BD1

This is a stone cold lie -- and I have sworn testimony for 35 hours

:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/05/19 12:48:45 PM (581456925)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read:

No

Is Invitation:

No

GUID: 387C19F5-A129-4C9F-8080-BB4BC1E9394B

Message:

Sender:

Yup

:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/05/19 12:49:13 PM (581456953)

Flags: 1

Is Read:

085445

No

Is Invitation:

No

GUID: 0994E902

Message:

EAD7-4607-865C-0542 68EFDFDE

Hes punch drunk

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025490
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027816.txt,"Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7B98C851-C325-4EAC-B3ED-F80243F52717

Message: Are you coming to Europe?

Time: 06/19/19 11:02:04 AM (582660124)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7OBAS9BE-2CD3-4960-B493-3C050291E48D

Message: I just want him @ first

Time: 06/19/19 11:02:10 AM (582660130)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: EOBOF498-19E2-4DD5-835A-E88CFB4F9F3F

Message: You 2 later

Time: 06/19/19 11:02:22 AM (582660142)
Flags: 1126401
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6D401CFA-2608-4B18-9F73-A936B8911DC6

Message: Coming around 1 July

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/19/19 11:02:44 AM (582660164)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: S560DDFEO-9C1C-4380-A438-3DB89D206A89

Message: You can do anytime you like you have his email.

arranged

Time: 06/19/19 11:04:22 AM (582660262)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Im sure It can be

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027816
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026199.txt,"will write more once i arrive and see my dear old man sunday
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 22, 2017, at 2:38 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

i dont know your plans but of course you are always invited to visit. florida. if 1am here

On Thu, Sep 21, 2017 at 10:43 PM, <> wrote:

very well .. safe travel

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 22, 2017, at 1:14 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

i will return to new york wednesday or tues day night .

On Thu, Sep 21, 2017 at 5:56 PM, <> wrote:
enjoy’

Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 21, 2017, at 11:36 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

in florida ,

On Thu, Sep 21, 2017 at 3:23 PM, <> wrote:
hey shiek .. 1 will be in new york saturday for a day trip .. i can drop by to say hello saturday night .. if
you bussy dont worry, we can meet in kuwait in nov inshalla

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 21, 2017, at 1:35 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

only you please

On Wed, Sep 20, 2017 at 6:26 PM, <> wrote:
thnx jeff ..im prayingpisbid

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 21, 2017, at 1:17 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

the book worked. :)

On Wed, Sep 20, 2017 at 5:57 PM, <q > wrote:

only for you .. trump is on the phone today .. it is possible any minute that all parties will be on one
table in new york including my dear old man to put an end to this

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 20, 2017, at 11:51 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026199
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030241.txt,"------ End of Forwarded Message

VVVVVVVVVVVYV

NOTE:This message including any attachments contains information, some or all of which, may be
proprietary or legally privileged. It is for the intended recipient only. If you have received this
message by error, please notify us immediately and destroy the related message. You, the recipient, are
obligated to maintain it in a safe, secure, and confidential manner. Unauthorized re-disclosure or
failure to maintain confidentiality could subject you to penalties described in Federal and State law.
Next Management, LLC and any affiliate companies are not responsible for errors or omissions in this
message or any attachments.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030241
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011659.txt,"in the Sinai. Dan Shomron was now head of the southern command and had told
me, before we headed back from California, that he’d recommended me for the
post. It was an especially exciting prospect because the US-backed negotiations
with Egypt did finally appear to be nearing an agreement. As commander of
Division 252, I’d be coordinating and implementing Israel’s Sinai withdrawal.

But I didn’t get the job, at least not on my return. Raful Eitan had indeed
succeeded Motta as chief of staff, and he had the final say. I'd evidently been
right to assume I would figure no higher in his estimation than I had as sayeret
commander. To be fair, however, he did agree to my becoming commander of
Dan’s reserve division in the south: the same 611"" that Arik Sharon had led
across the canal in 1973. When I took up that post in April 1979 — just days
after the formal Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty was indeed signed — I was also
promoted. I became a one-star general. And eighteen months later, when the
regular division post came open again, I did get the nod to command the 252™"".

Even then, it was a close-run thing. Raful called me in to see him and said he
wanted me to return to the kirya instead, in the one-star general’s post inside
military intelligence. He said he had more than enough candidates for division
commander, but that my previous experience meant I was the best choice for the
intelligence post. I was determined to remain in the field, especially with signs
that Begin, and certainly his more right-wing supports in the Likud, were
already having second thoughts about the peace deal we’d struck with Egypt. In
part, they feared that a withdrawal from any of the land taken in the 1967 war
might create a precedent, and invite pressure, for more withdrawals. But the real
buyers’ remorse centered on the fact that, as part of the initial agreement at
Camp David, Begin had needed to accept a parallel framework for negotiations
toward a broader peace that would include the West Bank and Gaza
Palestinians.

In any case, with Raful balking a second time at giving me the division
command, | figured I had little to lose by fightinhg my corner, and telling him
exactly what I felt. “Look, I realize that you’re chief of staff,” I said. “But don’t
forget we’re both just temporarily in whatever role we hold. I’m not here as a
draftee. I’m in the army by choice. It’s your decision to tell me what position
you want me to take. But you can’t impose anything. I can always leave. Or I
can bide my time until you leave.” Raful apparently concluded he couldn’t
actually force me to take the intelligence job. With Dan having made his
preference clear, he didn’t press the point.

188
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011659
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010547.txt,"Fittuy RicH

school females to provide him sexually lewd and erotic
massages. Police sought felony charges that would have
resulted in a term of imprisonment. According to press
reports, however, in 2006 the State Attorney, in part due
to concerns regarding the quality of the evidence, agreed
to charge Epstein only with one count of aggravated
R 55 assault with no intent to commit a felony. That charge
CHAPTE - would have resulted in no jail time, no requirement to
cE 4 register as a sexual offender and no restitution for the
i : underage victims.

7 Local police were dissatisfied with the State Attor-

ney’s conclusions, and requested a federal investigation.
er to the general public, Federal authorities received the State’s evidence and
engaged in additional investigation. Prosecutors weighed
the quality of the evidence and the likelihood for success
at trial. With a federal case, there were two additional
considerations. First, a federal criminal prosecution
requires that the crime be more than local; it must have

- the Southern District of Florida an interstate nexus. Second, as the matter was initially
'

Over the past weeks, I have read
ey Epstein. Some appears true,
thought it appropriate to provide
9 caveats: (i) under Justice Depart
discuss privileged internal com-
ment attorneys and (ii) Ino longer
| documents, and as the matter is
precision of memory is reduced.
was originally presented to the |
te Attorney. Palm Beach Police |
‘lawfully hired underage bighe

charged by the state, the federal responsibility is, to some
extent, to back-stop state authorities to ensure that there
is no miscarriage of justice, and not to also prosecute fed-
erally that which has already been charged at the state
level.

After considering the quality of the evidence and the
additional considerations, prosecutors concluded that
ft the state charge was insufficient. In early summer 2007,
| the prosecutors and agents in this case met with
‘ Mr. Epstein’s attorney, Roy Black. Mr. Black is perhaps
p Pest known for his successful defense of William

206

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010547
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022095.txt,"JaMES PATTERSON

ended up having a strong negative impact on his reputation and
business. Several photographers refused to work with him. Other
agencies, such as Modilinos Model Management, curtailed their
relationships with Brunel. And in 2015, Brunel filed his own
civil lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein, denying that he had any role
in Epstein’s illegal activities, alleging that Epstein had obstructed
justice by telling him to avoid having his deposition taken in the
criminal case the Palm Beach PD had built against Epstein, and
claiming that false allegations of Brunel's links to Epstein’s activ-
ities had harmed his reputation and cost him a great deal of

business.

In his filing,
contacts who expressed their doubts about placing
“Parents don't want their daughters coming to us
your name and the agency name the
\” one correspondent

Brunel included several e-mails from industry
models with

his agency.

because [when] they google
only things they see is ‘Sex Trafficking’!!

had written.

ie en oe Sa F
aa aby

-) ~~ CNadia Marcinkova: circ

, ‘ C2 has offices in N
motion— flying to

Virgin Islands. O}
Paris. And when he comes
| where important people—c
3 university presidents, Nobe
_ ex-presidents, and heads of si
: Some guests marvel in pi
q do they come from?
: Nadia Marcinkova com«
"" Model. But Nadia’s done very
_ become another of Epstein’s,
_ According to statements |
0 served as a willing accc
en underage females.

i}.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022095
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011881.txt,"/ BARAK / 124

focus from the day Bibi’s government took office, was to do all I could to change
that.

410
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011881
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029710.txt,"associations at every level. China has a
muscular central government but a weak
civil society, yet one that is clearly
straining to express itself more. Egypt,
alas, has a weak government and a very
weak civil society, one that was
suppressed for 50 years, denied real
elections and, therefore, is easy prey to
have its revolution diverted by the one
group that could organize, the Muslim
Brotherhood, in the one free space, the
mosque. But there is one thing all three
have in common: gigantic youth bulges
under the age of 30, increasingly
connected by technology but very
unevenly educated.

My view: Of these three, the one that will
thrive the most in the 21st century will be
the one that is most successful at
converting its youth bulge into a
“demographic dividend” that keeps
paying off every decade, as opposed to a
“demographic bomb” that keeps going
off every decade. That will be the society
that provides more of its youth with the
education, jobs and voice they seek to
realize their full potential.

This race is about “who can enable and
inspire more of its youth to help build
broad societal prosperity,” argues Dov
Seidman, the author of “How” and
C.E.O. of LRN, which has an operating
center in India. “And that’s all about
leaders, parents and teachers creating

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029710
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033565.txt,"From: Richard Kahn 
Sent: 4/10/2018 1:20:04 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
CC: Darren lndyke 
Subject: Re: 
yes agree 
seems like dershowitz has been interviewing for that job for last 2 months on fox news.. 
Richard Kahn 
HBRK Associates Inc. 
575 Lexington Avenue 4th Floor 
New York, NY 10022 
tel 
fax 
cell 
On Apr 10, 2018, at 9:17 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
trump will problably hire dershowitz„ no joke 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033565 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030255.txt,"From: Matthew Hiltzik =

Sent: 12/15/2018 6:40:52 PM

To: Michael Woltt [i

cc: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]; Kathy Ruemmler i Darren Indyke
PS

Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Also think there should be a line in there somewhere which clearly confirms that JE understands and recognizes
that he did something wrong

Sent from my iPhone

On Dec 15, 2018, at 12:03 PM, Michael Wolff (i wrote:

Seems very good. Is there reason or opportunity here to evoke JE's Clinton connection? He had been publicly
connected to the former President and became a proxy for the considerable anger at high levels of the Federal
government that still surrounded Clinton. Likewise now, one reason to revive the story is that it is a way to tara
Trump administration official, who, in the normal course of his duties, happened to deal with the case.

On Sat, Dec 15, 2018 at 11:28 AM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
thoughts.

a--------- Forwarded message ---------

From: Ken Starr <r
Date: Sat, Dec 15, 2018 at 11:24 AM

Subject: Re:

To: J <jeevacation@gmail.com>

Ce: Alan Dershowitz — §f

Here goes:

""Sweetheart deal! "" So goes the critique of the resolution of a long-ago case involving our former client -- and
now-friend -- Jeffrey Epstein. The critique is profoundly misplaced, supported neither by the law or the facts,
nor by the structure of our constitutional republic. To the contrary, Jeffrey was subjected to an unprecedented
federal intrusion into a quintessentially local criminal matter in south Florida. His offense to the social order --
involving sex for hire -- was entirely a matter entrusted to laws of the several States, not the federal
government. His conduct -- a classic state offense --was being treated exactly that way by able, honest
prosecutors in Palm Beach County, but the overweening federal government intruded where it did not

belong. And now, over ten years after the fact, the current assault on federal decision-makers at the time,
including now-Secretary of Labor Alex Acosta (then the United States Attorney in south Florida), condemns
the federal authorities for not going far enough.

The critics are entirely wrong. Neither the facts nor the law support the misguided criticisms being leveled by
journalists and politicians at federal officials from over a decade ago -- including the highest levels of the
Justice Department in Washington, D.C. .

Here are the key facts: Jeffrey Epstein, a successful self-made businessman with no prior criminal history

whatever, engaged in illegal conduct that amounts to solicitation of prostitution. That was wrong, and it was
reasonably viewed as a violation of Florida state law. Although no coercion, violence, alcohol, drugs and the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030255
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010553.txt,"PATTERSON

7; about his crimes because vic-
speak out. Some may disagree
vents made in this case, but
it the ones who at the time

‘lable for trial and assessed the

- Respectfully,

R. Alexander Acosta |
a Aftermath

Former U.S. Attorney
Southern District of Florida

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010553
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022081.txt,"James PATTERSON

acht, and a Long Island mansion

bought his own jet, a luxury y
briefly

to go with his expensive Manhattan apartment. He'd also
owned a controlling interest in the New York Post.

To cover his tracks, Hoffenberg had been taking money from
previous investors. It was a classic
history —and Hoffenberg

federal prison.
the case? All that Hoffen-

investors and using it to pay

Ponzi scheme — one of the biggest in

ended up spending nineteen years ina

Why was Epstein not implicated in
berg will say when asked is: “Ask Robert Gold.”

Another source suggests that Gold, the former federal prose-

ad helped Epstein recover Ana Obregon’s money,

cutor who h
tein until there were only a

kept the US attorney away from Eps
few weeks left before the statute of limitations ran out.

As for Epstein himself, he would always deny any wrong-
doing. Despite his proximity to Hoffenberg, he managed to avoid

the blast radius.

> si Robert Meister: 1985

q obert Meister, the vic«
kerage and consulting

in the mid-eighties,

Palm Beach. Both men were
F the other looked familiar. Th
_ and Meister filed the conver:
q At that time, Les Wexner, w
q of Meister’s insurance comp
_ the people managing his mo
q Wexner was a billionaire
sere in a tangle. Maybe Epst
Y ould also be grateful for the
peere’s evidence to suggest th
Pe last Bear Stearns bonus—
overed for Ana Obregon—

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022081
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011895.txt,"/ BARAK / 138

struck me from that first meeting as strong, cool-headed, highly intelligent and
intensely cerebral. Though we didn’t go into the details of the Iranian nuclear
threat, he did talk at some length about the implications for the region, and about
broader Middle Eastern security challenges. He displayed a grasp of the cultural
and political nuances of an increasingly diverse and complex world that was more
impressive than many of the other American political or military leaders whom I’d
met.

When he and I now returned to the issue of Iran, in the White House, he had an
undeniable command of the details of Iran’s nuclear program, and of the American
military options, should he choose to use them. He opened by summarizing the US
position. He emphasized that his and our objective was the same: the keep Iran
from developing a nuclear weapon. We were already cooperating to achieve that,
for instance through cyber-attacks to slow down the nuclear program. The
difference, he said, was that Israeli leaders seemed to feel an urgent need to reach a
decision on military action. In Obama’s view, such a move would be both
premature and potentially harmful to the coalition he’d helped assemble to exert
diplomatic and economic pressure on Iran.

Maybe you had to be an Israeli truly to understand our urgency about Iran. In
the early years of the state, the explanation we gave for our preoccupation with
security — our near-obsession, as some non-Israelis saw it — was that we were
surrounded by Arab countries pledged not just to defeat us, but erase us from the
map. Egypt or Syria, Jordan or Iraq, could afford to lose an Arab-Israeli war.
Israel’s first defeat, however, would be its last. That picture had changed
dramatically over the decades. We no longer had to worry about the prospect of
losing a war. The “qualitative edge” we possessed over all enemy armies in the
region ensured that. As Israel’s chief of staff, Prime Minister, and now Defense
Minister, I had made it a major priority to safeguard that advantage, not just
through our alliance with the US but with the remarkable domestic resources we
possessed in military engineering, manufacturing, design, invention and high-tech.
But the new-order challenge represented by Iran was not just theoretical or
academic. Though we had a policy of not commenting on on our own nuclear
status, it was widely assumed in the Arab world and internationally that Israel had,
at the very least, the capacity to manufacture nuclear weapons. But whatever
nuclear capability we might possess was for deterrence. Even when threatened
with conventional defeat, however briefly, in the Yom Kippur War of 1973, it is

424
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011895
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029704.txt,"settlements over peace has contributed to
Israel's culture of impunity.

FP: Can America be an effective broker
in negotiations?

SE: If the U.S. decides to be an honest
broker, it could not only be effective but
in fact could bring real peace to the
region, a just and lasting one. The U.S.
has a moral obligation toward the
Palestinian people, who have been under
occupation and living in exile for
decades.

FP: Is a two state solution still possible?

SE: Yes, but only if there is a political
will. So far, Israel's will is about
colonization, and the international
community has failed to put an end to
decades of double standards by treating
Israel as a state above the law. We don't
see any other solution than a two-state
solution, though Israel is taking us to a
one-state reality.

Aaron David Miller is a distinguished
scholar at the Woodrow Wilson
International Center for Scholars.

Article 3.

The Daily Beast

The Mixed Legacy Of
Shimon Peres

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029704
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021588.txt,"_ @
E Vv. 12-19-06)

Squad supervisor approval
(please initial)

Fite Number

O
Oo
Bankruptcy Fraud oO
Computer Fraud/Abuse O
Corruption of Public Official
Money Laundering
Sub Invest Asst by FO(s)

A. Complaint / Information/ Indictment

(Federal [jLocal
Complaint Date:

Check if Civil Rico Complaint O

(2 Intemational

information Date:

Indictment Date:

. Locate / Arrest
[Federal [JLocal ([] International -
Subject Priority: OA OB Oc
Locate Date:
Arrest Date:
(CF Subject Resisted Arrest
(D Subject Arrested was Armed

. Summons Date:
(Federat [Fj Local
» Recovery / Restitution / PELP X
(Federal [JLocal {7 International
Recovery Date:
Code * v Amount $
Code*. vy =Amount $
Restitution Date;
(] Court Ordered ([] Pretrial Diversion

Code*__yv =Amount $

PELP Date:

Code*__ vy = Amount $

. Hostages(s) Released Date:,
Released by: [] Terrorist (] Other

Number of Hostages:

P, Subject Information - Required for all blocks excluding block D (Recovery/PELP), blocks E, I, L and N

[ace* | sex | Detain | __ Sol Seariyo (evan) —_|
ES A

Asian Organized Crime (AOC), Nalian Organized Cnme (!0C), Russian/Easlern European, Caribbean, or Nigerian Organized Cnme Group =

0 ict IsvUOnvICctio ony:
Subject related to. an LCN,
Complete FD-515a, Sida 1 Blacks A-E mandatory, F-H as appropriate,

E-MM- 1 oF 062

|

Accomplishment Report
(Accomplishment must be reported and loaded into

ISRAA within 30 days from date of accomplishment)

2. Helped, minimally

1A Rate FO

T

Aircraft Asst.

| [censen en |_|

| | ecsurst. | |

Eng. Tape Ex. ||
Legats Asst.
Evid. Purchase | |

F. Conviction
(C Federal [1 Local

Conviction Date:

C1 International

Subject Description Code *( ye
For 6F, G, H-Include Agency Code
(1 Felony or

(J Plea or
State:

(C1) Misdemeanor

(1 Trial

Judicial District:

G. U.S. Code Violation
Required for sections A, B, F and J
(Federal Only)

Title Section # Counts

H. Sentence Date:
Sentence Type:

1 '

Years__——. Months
Months,

In Jail:
Suspended: Years
Probation: Years,

Fines; - $

|. Disruption/Dismantlement: “

Disruption Date:

Dismantlement Date:

Completion of FD-515a Side 2 Mandatory

Investigative Assistance or Technique Used
4. Used, but did not help

For Sub, Invest. Assist. by other FO(s) indicate A, B, C, D for corresponding FO
AT Rate FO 1AT

fisorewsm| | [uco-naisoal |
= P[renexsers | Mil cavcr carl |
BBE conouer [| | Photo cover |

= [rovaesh |_|
P—[etsunrise| | | seuen Waren

stow ioney |_|
fen. Fessoc| | |socasst |
Bc. saréain| |
[Phone Ta Ree| |
Frown [| |uco-Grout | i Foctaroasst |__|
[tsb oh.exam| | _fuco- ere]

Months________.,

Date Prepared OH,
Date Loaded
Date Loader’s Initials

3. Helped, substantially
4. Absolutely essential

Rate FO IAT

ree |
;

BB crimis intel Asst] —_|
fe Crisis Neg,- Fed | |

Sav-!TC | |
JFi.Mon.-17¢ | |

ronraitapse| | |

J. Civil Rico Matters Date:
Also complete “Section G”
Other Civil Matters Date:
Judgment
Judicial Outcome_______—_—®x
Amount $

Suspension: Years Months

K. Administrative Sanction Date:
Subject Description Code
Type: Length:
[]Bevamen I Permanent

Debarment
Injunction

or
Year Months

L, Asset Seizure Date:.
Asset Forfeiture Date:
CATS # Mandatory

Circle below one of the three asset forfeiture:
Admin, Civil Judicial, or Criminal

Do not indicate $ value in Section D

M. Acquittal/ Dismissal/ Pretrial Diversion

(Circle one) Date:

N. Drug Seizures “ Date:

Drug Code ©
Weight
FDIN

Do not indicate $ in Section D

O. Child Victim Information
Child located / identified’ Date: b/ Bo) oY

beLiving (D Deceased

Code *

0 Subject related to an OC/Drug organization, a VCMO Program National Gang Stralegy targel group, or a VCMO Program National Priority fnilialive target group -

Complete FO-515a, Side 1 Blocks A-C only.

x Additional information may be added by attaching another form or a plain sheet of paper for additional entries.

e See codes on reverse side,

Serial No. of FD-515

¥ Requires that an expianation be attached and loaded into ISRAA for recovery over $1 m and PELP over $5 m, disruption, dismantlement, and drug seizures.

BlE- MM -~ (o80b2~ 18 ¥

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021588
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017813.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 13 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 14 of 18

The girls who were abused by Jeffrey Epstein and the cops who championed their cause remain angry over what they regard as a gross injustice, while
Epstein's employees and those who engineered his non-prosecution agreement have prospered.

By

Taking a page from Epstein’s legal team, lawyers representing Epstein’s victims hired private investigators and former police detectives to dig into
Epstein’s life. Over the past decade, they’ve tracked down hundreds of people, including dozens of other potential victims; they’ve interviewed Epstein’s
recruiters, bookkeepers, housekeepers, butlers, pilots and drivers. They’ve traveled around the country and the world, taking statements and sworn
depositions, coaxing people to talk who had previously been too reticent to come forward.

In short, they did what criminal prosecutors didn’t do.

Some of the information they ’ve learned was given to federal authorities in New York. Edwards said those authorities have shown no interest in opening a
new investigation focused on crimes he is alleged to have committed in that state, where he is listed as a level 3 sex offender, the most dangerous
category, considered at risk to re-offend, records show. In New York, he has to register every 90 days.

‘
Virginia Roberts holds a photo of herself at age 16, when she says Palm Beach multimillionaire Jeffrey Epstein began abusing her sexually. Emily Michot
EMICHOT@MIAMIHERALD.COM

Holding abusers accountable

In 2015, Roberts sued Maxwell for defamation in New York after Maxwell called her a liar in a news interview. The civil lawsuit was an effort by Roberts
not just to clear her name, but an attempt to prove that Epstein and Maxwell operated an international underage sex trafficking operation. The lawsuit
was settled out of court in 2017 and nearly all the evidence presented in the case has been sealed.

Roberts’ attorney, Sigrid McCawley, claims that Roberts received a sizable settlement, although the amount is confidential.

“She wanted to hold her abusers accountable and we were able to do that by bringing this case ... which we ultimately settled very successfully for her,”
said McCawley, an associate of noted Bush-Gore recount lawyer David Boies, who has also pursued cases against Epstein in federal court in New York.

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017813
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031502.txt,"http: //topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/inde

x.html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http: //topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index

.htm!

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031502
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024942.txt,"Dubai model will go down the river. I am fully aware that some financial and economic circles were not happy
with the progress we managed to achieve on various tracks including investment, aviation industry, IT and
global competition in mana ging and financial markets.

The UAE has proven remarkable competency in addressing difficult questions imposed by the global financial
crisis. I strongly believe it won’t be long before international focus will shift from what is claimed to be
Dubai’s shortcomings to Dubai’s and the UAE’s overall success in passing this difficult test.

By Al-Sharq al-Awsat Daily

Almost a year ago, and during your visit to Asia, you warned against the global financial
crisis. Why precautionary measures have not been undertaken to avoid negative impacts
of this crisis on both Dubai and UAE?

The crisis have taken the whole world by surprise and evolved in tremendous pace. During my visit to Asia, I
had warned against turmoil in financial and commodities markets, marginalizing the role of international
financial institutions and potentials that these institutions fall short from fulfilling their expected roles ina
world where all international markets became very much related, turning into one huge global market which
does not follow any international rules, regulations or supervision.

I had urged leading world economies to move swiftly and reconsider roles and mechanisms of international
financial establishments and institutions, especially the International Monetary Fund -- and that what exactly
the G20 summit did last month earlier this month.

Regarding the precautionary measures, I believe that no preventive measures neither i1n the UAE or any other
country in the world, would have provided the desired immunity from the ramifications of the global financial
meltdown. The UAE’s solid economic structure, efficient performing establishments, adoption of a balanced
model of conservative banking policies overseen by the Federal Central Bank and liberal economic approach,
were the key elements that enhanced the country’s ability to survive the negative implications of the global
crisis and prevented any case of bankruptcy in any of the country’s banks or major corporations. The impact of
the crisis on our economy was significant during the last quarter of 2008, yet it was not as harsh as on other
major economies.

By Al-Sharq al-Awsat Daily

Despite Dubai government officials repeated rebuffs of bailing out some companies to
Abu Dhabi, speculations in that regard have never stopped. Isn’t normal for the
Emirates to cooperate among themselves to overcome such difficult times?

Cooperation among the seven Emirates has never stopped and they don’t wait for crises to show this
cooperation. There are several joint ventures between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Founders and stakeholders of
most of the UAE Public Joint Stock companies are from Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Abu Dhabi investors have huge
investments in Dubai and vice versa. Dubai has always welcomed business and investments from across the
UAE.

Regarding the speculations you referred to in your question, they will always remain just speculations. I believe
they are meant to be evil gossip as part of a vicious campaign against Dubai model. These speculations were not
only refuted by Dubai government officials but also by His Highness the President of the UAE last March.

By Al-Sharq al-Awsat Daily

Do you believe that the UAE economy will contract this year? Or will it achieve certain

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024942
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020696.txt,"Two convicted murderers — Richard Hickock and Perry Smith — laugh after hearing about their death sentences. They
have murdered a family of four after trying to rob them and only finding $50.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020696
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012344.txt,"-_

Page 63

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012344
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025484.txt,"Gl
O

GUID: 3C24B49E-E8F7-4412-AF29-3C55A313C0O!I

Message: Nope

Time: 06/04/19 05:03:27 AM (581342607)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2E588127-F3B8-4107-A6A2-BACO64FF76698

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/04/19 05:28:51 AM (581344131)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B1l63FC86-218C-4881-A79B-93177342E17C

Message: He was not extradited

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/04/19 05:29:32 AM (581344172)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D63D4828-E37D-482E-ACO1-C33CCF552263

Message: He was duped

sender:

Time: 06/04/19 05:41:45 AM (581344905)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 14BDDBCC-FOF1-4FEF-8812-B4C42 9E4D6DA

Message: WTF

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/04/19 05:45:59 AM (581345159)
Flags: 1150981

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 796D3921-DA7A-42D2-8C62-FABF9BDC4858

Message: There is his bail hearing today.
Currently in Brooklyn

Doesn't look good.

=

Message: How did he get extradited ?-- could have stayed in UAE

aa

forever

Pre trial detention

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025484
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022808.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon 
Sent: 11/8/2017 1:48:26 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
Re Boies, Voila. https://www.nytimes.com/2o17/11/o7/business/weinstein-lawyer-david-boies.html. 
Unclear to me why he is getting involved with you.... 
On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 10:10 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
All. With gods help;) 
On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 11:00 AM Thomas Jr., Landon < > wrote: 
Did your Saudi friends survive the purge? 
On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 9:55 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
As they are both bulkshitters 
On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 10:26 AM Thomas Jr., Landon <_____________________> wrote: 
i am more interested in al-waleed/saudi purge/Jared axis. al-waleed and prez go back a ways don't 
they? 
On Tue, Nov 7, 2017 at 5:42 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
http ://p e op le . com/movies/harvey-weinstein-hired-intelligence-agencies-to-spy-on-ac cusers-ro se-
mcgowan/ the same boies that represents . who makes totally fabricated claims re gore 
and clinton - boies clients, he refuses to ask them their version of events. They were never on the island 
and though she gave details of a dinnner. I have never ever met al gore or his wife. 
boies is going to be in the fining line, from the biz view he represented Hank Greenburg AIG„ his 
fees were never paid as the appeals court overturned the win. but AIG as an insurance co. -- ... phone 
only 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022808 
1 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
I____________________ 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/inde  
x.html  
I 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index 
i 1 
.html  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022809 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h  
tml 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022810 
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Those who think scientists understand

the issues of prebiotic chemistry are wholly misinformed. Nobody understands them.
Maybe one day we will. But that day is far from today. It would be far more helpful
(and hopeful) to expose students to the massive gaps in our understanding. They may

find a firmer-and possibly a radically different-scientific theory.

The basis upon

which we as scientists are relying is so shaky that we must openly state the situation

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"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014404.txt,"﻿Japan Investment Strategy
Nikkei to 20,000: Inventory cycle upturn →
cyclicals; inflation → banks, insurance
Investment Strategy 18 November 2016
Unauthorized redistribution of this report is prohibited. This report is intended for amanda.ens@baml.com
Bullish equities 2017; rotation into cyclicals, banks, insurance
We are bullish Japan equities for 2017 and we estimate the Nikkei 225 index will recover
to 20,000 by end-2017 (see $/¥’s eventual surge: Buy Nikkei 06 September 2016). Our
new Chief Japan Economist Izumi Devalier forecasts above-consensus Japan GDP growth
and inflation in 2017, which is also supportive of our bullish equities scenario (see Ready
for ignition 18 November 2016). We expect rotation into cyclicals, banks and insurance
as explained below.
1) Upturn in inventory cycle: Defensives→Cyclicals
We expect cyclicals to outperform defensives, premised on our end-2017 $/¥ estimate
of ¥120, and this is supported by our above-consensus economic growth outlook. Our
Japan economist sees a shift to fiscal easing, firms countering the tight labor market by
increasing capex, and estimates industrial production to grow 3.5% and 3.6% in 2017
and 2018, respectively. With the inventory cycle exiting a “contraction” phase and
entering a “recovery” phase, conditions are likely to remain conducive to cyclicals
outperforming defensives (Chart 1, Exhibit 3).
2) Higher inflation, rates: Deflation stocks→Inflation stocks
Up to 1H16, the Japan equity market saw continued preference for deflationary stocks
as domestic inflation remained subdued and the JGB curve underwent excessive bull
flattening. Defensives outperformed cyclicals (Chart 1), growth outperformed value
(Chart 2), and stocks that benefit from a low-yield environment (REITs) outperformed
the converse (banks, insurance; Chart 3). However, we expect conditions to reverse into
2017. We see US Treasury yields rising and Japanese core CPI inflation recovering to
+1.4% yoy by 2018 and core-core to +1.1% yoy. Stronger inflation and higher foreign
yields should steepen the JGB yield curve above10yr, while below 10yr should escape
from downward pressure as BoJ rate cut expectations recede. Against this backdrop, we
expect to see a rotation from deflation to inflation stocks, which in addition to cyclicals
means banks and insurance should outperform REITs within the financial sector (Chart 3).
This is also in line with the global rotation expected by Michael Hartnett (The Flow
Show: The Inflation Era Begins 10 November 2016).
3) Nikkei winner of steeper UST and strong macro
In a scenario of strong external demand and US rate hikes (particularly with curve
steepening), Japan equities tend to be the winner on a local currency basis, led by
cyclicals, banks and insurance stocks (Exhibit 4). Resurgence in the “Japan macro trade”
of short yen / buy equities is also a possibility.
Our Buy-rated stocks in bank, insurance and cyclical sectors are listed in Table 1.
>> Employed by a non-US affiliate of MLPF&S and is not registered/qualified as a research analyst under
the FINRA rules.
Refer to ""Other Important Disclosures"" for information on certain BofA Merrill Lynch entities that take
responsibility for this report in particular jurisdictions.
BofA Merrill Lynch does and seeks to do business with issuers covered in its research reports. As a
result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the
objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making
their investment decision.
Refer to important disclosures on page 5 to 6. 11687576
Timestamp: 17 November 2016 03:30PM EST
Investment Strategy
Japan
Shusuke Yamada, CFA >>
FX/Equity Strategist
Merrill Lynch (Japan)
+81 3 6225 8515
shusuke.yamada@baml.com
Exhibit 1: Sector rotation and inventory
cycle
Slowdown
Defensives
8
6
June '15 4
Inventory
2
June '14
Fundamentals
Production
0
(8) (6) (4) (2) 0 2 4 6 8 10
(2)
Sep '16
June '13 (4)
Contraction
Cyclicals
(6)
Expansion
June '12
Recovery
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg,
Haver
Exhibit 2: Shares rated Buy by our
analysts in cyclical, bank and insurance
sectors*
Company Ticker Company Ticker Company Ticker
Mitsubishi UFJ
8306 JP Dai-ichi Life 8750 JP JR East 9020 JP
FG
Japan Post
7182 JP
MS&AD
8725 JP JR Central 9022 JP
Bank
Holdings
SMFG 8316 JP
Sompo
8630 JP Nintendo 7974 JP
Holdings
Resona HD 8308 JP
Shin-Etsu
4063 JP Recruit HD 6098 JP
Chem
Mitsubishi Elec 6503 JP FUJIFILM 4901 JP Oriental Land 4661 JP
Nidec 6594 JP Sony 6758 JP Fuji Heavy Ind 7270 JP
Hitachi 6501 JP NTT DATA 9613 JP Suzuki Motor 7269 JP
Panasonic 6752 JP NSSMC 5401 JP
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
*Market cap above 1.5trn JPY except bank, insurance
shares
Risks: Geopolitics, diplomacy and US economic cycle
The biggest risk to our scenario is the implications for Japan’s diplomatic and
geopolitical environment of the Donald Trump presidency in the US. The likelihood of
agreement on the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) has already declined and been priced
into the market, but any downward spiral in Japan-US relations would likely be further
negative for Japan equities near-term. A rise in protectionism would be negative for
stocks with high US export exposure. Meanwhile if the US economy slows or enters
recession and the protectionist response weakens USD, it would be negative for
Japanese cyclicals, particularly exporters, due to stronger JPY and potential trade
conflicts. Moreover, a potential improvement in US-Russia (US-China) relations under
the new US President most likely implies a relative worsening in Japan-Russia (Japan-
China) relations. On the other hand, we expect Japan to move closer to Europe under
such a scenario, raising the incentive to sign the Japan-EU EPA (Economic Partner
Agreement), positive for related stocks. If the Trump presidency tips the US towards
isolationism, we expect Japan’s spending on defense to increase. If this results in higher
spending on Japan’s Self Defense Forces (rather than compensating for US spending on
Japan-based US military), Japan’s defense-related stocks would be beneficiaries, and it
could reshape the arms industry in Japan.
Chart 1: Sector rotation and inventory cycle
130.0
40
125.0
120.0
30
115.0
20
110.0
10
105.0
100.0
0
95.0
-10
90.0
85.0 Cyclical Fundamental Defensive Cyclical Fundamental Defensive
-20
Cyclical
80.0
-30
Jan-09 Jan-11 Jan-13 Jan-15
Industrial production - inventory (3m mva yoy%)
MSCI Japan cyclical/defensive
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg, Haver
Cyclical = Industrials, consumer discretionary, IT, materials
Defensive = Healthcare, telecom, consumer staples, utilities
Calculated cyclical and defensive % change using monthly index return and index weight
Chart 2: Japan – High Beta PB vs. Low Beta PB
High Beta PB / Low Beta PB
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Quantitative Strategy, MSCI, IBES
Global Quant Panorama: Surf for longer 14 November 2016
2 Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016
Exhibit 3: Sector rotation and inventory cycle
Slowdown
Inventory
Expansion
8
Defensives
6
June '12
June '15 4
2
June '14
Fundamentals
Production
0
(8) (6) (4) (2) 0 2 4 6 8 10
(2)
Sep '16
June '13 (4)
Chart 3: Higher inflation/yields suggests banks will outperform REITs
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
Contraction
Cyclicals
(6)
Recovery
TSE Bank/ TSE REIT
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg,
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg, Haver
Exhibit 4: Reactions to US Treasury curve moves (%, simple average of past 43 quarters) – Japan equities have outperformed during bear-steepening led by
cyclicals, banks and insurance
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
USDJPY DXY MSCI JP MSCI JP /
ex JP
Japan Sector = cyclical outperform on
UST bear-steepening
Discretionary Financials Materials IT Industrials Energy Telecom Staples Utilities Health care
Bear steep Bear flat Bull steep Bull flat
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg.
Curve movements based on 2yr move and 2s10s move (Bloomberg US Treasury yield index), so includes twist movements, but even if we exclude these implications do not materially change.
Bear steepening (2yr + 16bps, 2s10s +33bps) = 11 quarters, bear flattening (2yr +26bps, 2s10s -20bps) = 10 quarters, bull steepening (2yr -48bps, 2s10s +28bps) = 10 quarters, bull flattening (2yr -27bps, 2s10s -30bps) =
12 quarters
Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016 3
Table 1: Shares rated buy by our analysts in cyclical, bank and insurance sectors*
Company Name Ticker Industry (JPX definition) Price
MKT CAP
(Billion Yen)
Analyst Name
Mitsubishi UFJ FG 8306 JP Banks 683 9,674 Futoshi Sasaki
Japan Post Bank 7182 JP Banks 1331 5,990 Futoshi Sasaki
SMFG 8316 JP Banks 4190 5,925 Futoshi Sasaki
Resona HD 8308 JP Banks 538 1,251 Futoshi Sasaki
Mitsubishi Elec 6503 JP Electric Appliances 1592 3,418 Mikio Hirakawa
Nidec 6594 JP Electric Appliances 10460 3,035 Masashi Kubota
Hitachi 6501 JP Electric Appliances 588 2,658 Mikio Hirakawa
Panasonic 6752 JP Electric Appliances 1033 2,533 Mikio Hirakawa
Dai-ichi Life 8750 JP Insurance 1850 2,202 Futoshi Sasaki
MS&AD Holdings 8725 JP Insurance 3405 2,085 Futoshi Sasaki
Sompo Holdings 8630 JP Insurance 3684 1,506 Futoshi Sasaki
Shin-Etsu Chem 4063 JP Chemicals 8328 3,599 Takashi Enomoto
FUJIFILM 4901 JP Chemicals 4095 1,906 Hiroyasu Eguchi
Sony 6758 JP Electric Appliances 3226 4,075 Mikio Hirakawa
NTT DATA 9613 JP Information & Communication 5530 1,551 Hiroyasu Eguchi
NSSMC 5401 JP Iron & Steel 2384 2,266 Takashi Enomoto
JR East 9020 JP Land Transportation 9542 3,743 Yasuhito Tsuchiya
JR Central 9022 JP Land Transportation 17825 3,672 Yasuhito Tsuchiya
Nintendo 7974 JP Other Products 26050 3,129 Hiroyasu Eguchi
Recruit HD 6098 JP Services 4340 2,453 Yoshiyuki Kinoshita
Oriental Land 4661 JP Services 5957 1,991 Rie Sakai
Fuji Heavy Ind 7270 JP Transportation Equipment 4320 3,371 Kei Nihonyanagi
Suzuki Motor 7269 JP Transportation Equipment 3711 1,637 Kei Nihonyanagi
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
*Cyclical sectors = Industrials, consumer discretionary, IT, materials in GICS definition
*Market cap above 1.5trn JPY except bank, insurance shares
*Exclude Fast Retailing
4 Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016
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Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016 5
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Neither BofA Merrill Lynch nor any officer or employee of BofA Merrill Lynch accepts any liability whatsoever for any direct, indirect or consequential damages or losses arising from any use of
this report or its contents.
6 Japan Investment Strategy | 18 November 2016
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012422.txt,"oN

20
21
22

23
24
25

a

oO DSN DOD HO FP WwW DN

~0929104 . TXT

Q. Was 7 or was it the other girl in

the car who you rode over with toa Epstein's house?

.

Q. Who was the other girl in the car with you
that day?
A. | honestly don't know.
32
Q. Had you ever seen her before?
A. No, sir.
Q. You told the police that when you rode over

to Epstein's you had no idea who she was, right?

A. Correct.

Q. You told the police that you didn't know
her name, but she was like really dark, kind of like a

Spanish girl?

A. Yes.

Q Those were your words, right?

A Yes.

Q. Do you now know who she is?

A No, sir.

Q So it was who told you to lie about

your age to Jeff Epstein?

A. Yes, Sir.

Page 27

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012422
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031264.txt,"Dr. Krauss:

As you know, I’m a reporter for BuzzFeed News who has been investigating sexual misconduct allegations
against you. As we've already discussed by email, I’d very much like to interview you about these allegations in
detail.

In particular, you stated in an email sent on Nov 13 that two universities had investigated an incident (# 6
below). You claimed that “both Universities independently concluded that the report was unsubstantiated and
fabricated with malicious intent.” We are not aware that either university concluded fabrication or malicious
intent, so if you have evidence to support this assertion, we would like to see and discuss it.

The story concerns your actions towards students while a professor of physics at Case Western Reserve
University, as well as your conduct in non-academic settings as a prominent figure in the skeptics movement. |
am reporting this story along with two of my colleagues on the science desk, Azeen Ghorayshi and Virginia
Hughes.

Our story is about several allegations of sexual misconduct dating from 2006 to 2016 (see full details below).
Our reporting also goes into how the various institutions you have been affiliated with — Case Western,
Arizona State University, the Australian National University, the New College of the Humanities, and the Center
for Inquiry, for which you serve as an honorary member of the board of directors — have handled complaints
and concerns about your behavior during this time.

Our story is corroborated by emails, university documents, official complaints, testimony from victims and
eyewitnesses, and interviews with more than two dozen of your current and former academic colleagues,
students, and peers in the skeptics movement.

| wanted to offer you the opportunity to comment and/or respond to the main facts we plan to publish. If you
wish to comment on any of the below findings, we need to hear from you as soon as possible. We are
planning on publishing our story Tuesday morning, Eastern US Time.

Based on our reporting, this is what we plan to publish:

Incident 1:

° In November of 2006, at an event launching the new Center for Inquiry in Washington D.C., you met a
volunteer for CFI D.C.

° At the event, you asked for her business card. Later, you followed her as she was leaving and asked
her if she was “of age.”

° Later, you emailed her to invite her to dinner.

° You planned to dine with her in the restaurant at the Washington D.C. hotel where you were staying.

° You told her to come up to your room first because you needed to finish some work.

° In your hotel room, you seemed in no rush to leave. You ordered a cheese plate, and later champagne,
despite her suggestion that you go down to dinner.

° You then made a comment about her eye makeup, getting very close to her face.

° You then lifted her by her arms, and pushed her onto the bed beneath you, forcibly kissing her and
trying to pull down the crotch of her tights.

° She struggled to push you off her.

° You said, “When | was in college | could never get a girl that looked like you.”

° When you pulled out a condom, she got out from under you. She said “I have to go,” and rushed out of
the room.

Incident 2:

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031264
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012842.txt,"ancestors took their first steps out of Africa. If we are thinking about an evolved psychology for bonding
with members of our own group and fighting those outside, our ancestors would have been blind to race
as it was not yet an emergent property of our species. Language was, however, a property of our species,
and one that varied across populations. A hunter-gatherer walking the plains of South Africa would
indeed have run into people speaking either a completely different language, or the same language with a
different dialect. New languages are not easily acquired, and nor are new dialects. It takes real talent to
speak a new language or dialect without a trace of ones origins. Thus, like the stotting gazelles,
magnanimous spenders, and healthy evildoers discussed in chapter 2, the native languages and dialects we
speak are honest signals of social group membership. Honesty is supported by the costs we pay to
acquire them. Cheating is hard because there is a start-up cost associated with perfecting the natural
rhythm of a second language or novel dialect.

The babies in Kinzler’s experiments tell us something important: race and language are both
important social categories and discriminable from an early age. But language trumps race as a feature
because it is a better predictor of membership within the inner sanctum, at least early in life. Ultimately,
both language and race allow us to close off some from the inner sanctum and allow others in. Ultimately,
our allegiance to our native language and race can fuel our hatred toward those who look different and

speak in different tongues.

Closed doors
As adults, we tend to rely on rules of thumb to guide our social interactions, including who we trust and
who we distrust. We tend to trust those we know more than those we don’t know. Within the circle of
those we know, we believe those who are more like us than those who are unlike us, using fixed body
features — race, height, hair color — flexible psychological features — food preferences, sports’
interests, religious beliefs — and features that are flexibly constrained — language and intelligence.
Together, these different dimensions cause us to close the door on some and open it to others.
Language is particularly interesting. If you can’t understand someone because they don’t speak
your language or because their accent is too heavy, then the issue is not trust, but comprehension. But
what if you can understand the person perfectly well, but they speak with a foreign accent, either one
from a different country (e.g., a French speaker speaking English) or one from the same country but a

different region (e.g., a Southern accent in the northeast of the United States)?

Hauser Chapter 3. Ravages of denial 96

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012842
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029062.txt,"Christian West that believes in the underpinnings of that and believes in the precepts of
that and want to see that bequeathed to other generations down the road as it was
bequeathed to us, particularly as you're in a city like Rome, and in a place like the Vatican,
see what’s been bequeathed to us — ask yourself, 500 years from today, what are they
going to say about me? What are they going to say about what I did at the beginning
stages of this crisis?

Because it is a crisis, and it’s not going away. You don’t have to take my word for it. All
you have to do is read the news every day, see what’s coming up, see what they’re putting
on Twitter, what they’re putting on Facebook, see what’s on CNN, what’s on BBC. See
what’s happening, and you will see we’re in a war of immense proportions. It’s very easy
to play to our baser instincts, and we can’t do that. But our forefathers didn’t do it either.
And they were able to stave this off, and they were able to defeat it, and they were able to
bequeath to us a church and a civilization that really is the flower of mankind, so I think
it’s incumbent on all of us to do what I call a gut check, to really think about what our role

is in this battle that’s before us.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029062
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013584.txt,"of a related measure of the rapidity of dynamical expansion, the generation of new
information seen as the rate of entering new boxes of the partition, a logarithmic
rate of expansion of the possible. Counting the number of previously unoccupied
squares entered by the dynamical systems orbit per unit time over the generating
partition, for instance, yields an estimate of entropy that, as in the rat and computer
mouse examples above, is called the topological entropy, Hr. Hr, is about how
much new information is being generated by the system per unit time. Theorems
have been proven that Hr is a maximal estimate of the global dynamical entropy
with Hy proven to be a minimum estimate. Monitoring single or aggregate molecular
motion in a system with the maximum randomness of a space filling gas, we find
that, on the average, every box is entered and occupied uniformly such that H; = Hy
or said another way, H7 — Hy = 0.

As evidenced by the above described experiments in rats and people, the
same entropic relations (but usually not with maximal or minimal measure) can be
found in biological systems. We have previously described the manifold geometry of
a generic (typical, idealized) nonlinear dynamical systems as hyperbolic defined by
the presence of simultaneous but decomposable components of the motion
including the straight ahead and round and round actions on the center manifold,
the new possibility generating, expansive, away from the center manifold motions
along unstable manifolds and the back to the center manifold, contracting motions,
along the stable manifolds. Uniform expansive and contractive influences in the flow
leads to mixing of the order of the initial sequence of the values inscribed by the
orbits. This results in maximization of the entropies and satisfaction of a
concomitant of the uniformly hyperbolic condition, H7 — Hy = 0.

These clean and mathematically proven findings do not hold for the quasi-
mess that is human neuropsychobiology. Enmeshed as most of us are in only
intermittently random or nonuniformly hyperbolic systems with the in-between
entropies of the only apparently real world of maya, Hr — Hy # 0. How the H;— Hy
= 0 of uniform hyperbolicity fails, H7 — Hy # 0, and along with it the dispassionate
detachment of entropic emptiness and fullness, becomes a problem not unrelated to

the existence and quantitative qualities of personality styles and their dissolution

84

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013584
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020348.txt,"196

Cuba, a denial it continued to repeat to every reporter who queried the airline for the next six
weeks.

The first news that Snowden was even in Russia came on July 1, 2013. A statement posted on
n the Wikileaks web site and signed “Edward Snowden,” after thanking “friends new and old” for
his “continued liberty,” accused President Obama of pressuring “leaders of nations from which I
have requested protection to deny my asylum petitions. It added: “This kind of deception from a
world leader is not justice, and neither is the extralegal penalty of exile. These are the old, bad
tools of political aggression.” Since the Aeroflot flight to Cuba was the only means of getting
directly from Moscow to Latin America, Russian reporters, encouraged by the Wikileaks post,
continued taking the daily 11 hour flight to Cuba until August 1, 2013, The charade only ended
when Kucherena said in a press conference at the airport that Snowden would be taking up
residency at an undisclosed location in Moscow, and walked out of the airport with Snowden.

The question remained: where had Snowden been staying for those 39 days? Sarah Harrison,

his companion on the plane, told Vogue that she and Snowden had shared a windowless room in
the transit zone, where they watched TV, washed their clothes in a sink basin and ate meals from
the nearby Burger King. The only hotel with windowless rooms in the transit zone in 2013 was
the Vozdushny V-Express Capsule Hotel, located next to a newly-opened Burger King restaurant.

I next went there. The polite V-express desk clerk, who spoke English, showed me the standard
windowless double-room. It was approximately 24 square feet, the size of a large shipping
container. Most of the floor space was taken up by twin bed. Across from the bed, behind a
plastic curtain, was a stall with a shower, a toilet and sink. Not only was it very cramped quarters
for two people to share but it was fairly expensive. It cost 850 rubles an hour (about $18 in
2013.) For 39 days that hourly charge would add up to $16,600. Even though Snowden claimed
that he brought a large cache of cash to Russia, such a long stay was not allowed, according to
the desk clerk. The maximum stay allowed by the hotel was 24 hours. So either the rule was
waived for Snowden or he moved to another facility not available to the public.

I learned from a former KGB officer, there are a number of VIP quarters beyond the confines
of the airport, including suites at the 400-room Novotel hotel, which is located about seven miles
from the airport, that are used for debriefing and other purposes by the security services.
According to him, the security services are not restricted from entering and leaving the transit
zone.

The possibility that he was staying elsewhere would help explain the futile search for him by
of a large number of reporters over those 39 days. When they learned from tweets that Snowden
was not aboard plane to Havana on June 24"", they aggressively questioned every restaurant
employees, security guards and airport personnel for weeks they could find. Some reporters even
took rooms in the V-Express Capsule Hotel and “tipped” maids and other hotel employees. They
also bought business-class tickets on flights to gain access to all the public VIP lounges in the
transit zones. Despite this intensive search, none of them found anyone who had seen Snowden

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020348
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033203.txt,"From: 
Sent: 12/7/2016 5:31:19 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
well heaven can wait 
In a message dated 12/7/2016 12:30:19 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes: 
Oy 
On Wed, Dec 7, 2016 at 1:29 PM, < > wrote: 
yikes your birthday coming up next month 
In a message dated 12/7/2016 12:25:22 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, jeevacation@gmail.com writes: 
plenty left 
On Wed, Dec 7, 2016 at 1:01 PM, Jonathan Farkas wrote: 
Hi jeffrey hope all is well I think you are going to have a winderful life from now on in your opinion how much is left in 
this market it's been a trump triumph I gave him some money through woody best jonathan 
Sent from my iPhone 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033203 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011883.txt,"/ BARAK / 126

Palestinians control of most of Hebron, and accepted further withdrawals under the
Wye River agreement. But amid predictable protests from the right, he had
promptly retreated from his Wye commitments. I knew that his default response to
Obama’s call for a settlement freeze would be “no.” And it was, delivered first to
the cabinet and then to the public, as soon as he got back from his talks with the
President.

In my repeated meetings with Bibi in the weeks that followed — both one-on-
one, and within the informal group of close ministers and aides known as the
Group of Eight — I tried to persuade him that, if only because of America’s key role
on Iran, we needed to show some sign of engagement with Obama’s efforts. I was
not entirely alone. One ally was an old friend: Dan Meridor, who had rejoined the
Likud before the election. Another was more unexpected: Avigdor Lieberman. He
was never going to accept a settlement freeze. Not only did his heart, and political
interests, lie on the West Bank. He lived there. But like many in the party he led,
he had come to Israel from the former Soviet Union, shaping a worldview that in
many ways remained European, and pro-Western. He was worried about creating
the impression of blanket Israeli intransigence toward a popular new American
President, and isolating ourselves internationally, if we didn’t go some way
towards helping to restart talks with the Palestinians.

Though Bibi showed no signs of retreat on the settlement freeze, he did accept
that broader point. Ten days after Obama’s Cairo speech, he publicly accepted the
idea of a Palestinian state for the first time, having ruled it out as recently as the
month before in his White House talks with the President. The shift was dismissed
as trivial not just by the Palestinians, but by many in my own Labor party and
almost everyone else on the left. I disagreed. I knew how deep, genuine and
longstanding Bibi’s resistance to Palestinian statehood was. But I had another,
serious concern about the “peace plan” he announced: an entirely new precondition
he insisted the Palestinians must meet if peace was ever going to be possible. He
said they must “clearly and unambiguously recognize Israel as the state of the
Jewish people.” On a whole series of levels, that made no sense to me. We hadn’t
asked Egypt or Jordan to grant us explicit recognition as a Jewish state when we
made peace with them. Even when Bibi himself had briefly tried to open
negotiations with Damascus in his first period as Prime Minister, we’d never felt
the need to ask it of the Syrians either. To the extent there was any logic in
demanding it of the Palestinians, Bibi’s reasoning seemed to be that this would

412
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011883
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029712.txt,"population” at a time when China and the
broad industrialized world is aging.
According to Tharoor, the average age in
China today is around 38, whereas in
India it’s around 28. In 20 years, that gap
will be much larger. So this could be a
huge demographic dividend — “provided
that we can educate our youth — offering
vocational training to some and
university to others to equip them to take
advantage of what the 21st-century global
economy offers,” said Tharoor. “If we get
it right, India becomes the workhorse of
the world. If we get it wrong, there is
nothing worse than unemployable,
frustrated” youth.

Indeed, some of India’s disaffected youth
are turning to Maoism in rural areas. “We
have Maoists among our tribal
populations, who have not benefited from
the opportunities of modern India,”
Tharoor said. There have been violent
Maoist incidents in 165 of India’s 625
districts in recent years, as Maoists tap
into all those left out of the “Indian
dream.” So there is now a huge push here
to lure poor kids into school. India runs
the world’s biggest midday lunch
program, serving 250 million free school
lunches each day. It’s also doubled its
number of Indian Institutes of
Technology, from eight to 16, and is
planning 14 new universities for
innovation and research.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029712
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010545.txt,"CHAPTER 54

1008-July 21, 2009

c Bradshaw, the treatment Jeffrey
> Stockade was not preferential. By |
t wrong.

o mogul John Gooduati killed a
jrunk. He was convicted but was

M2)
ail
Ey

under house arrest while his appea

vas allowed visitors. But Goodmams ;

effrey Epstein's. {
i to have visited Epstein in jail more
1 Kellen also visited Epstein h

j

il artist named Igor “Houdini” Zit

was a disbarred lawyer and finan@

i
a

Fittuy Ricw

fraudster named Arnold Prosperi, whose own prison sentence
had been commuted by Bill Clinton on the day before Clinton
left office.

Sheriff Bradshaw wants to be clear: none of these visits was
conjugal.

But even US attorney Acosta, who negotiated Epstein’s unusual
agreement with the government, would say that Epstein’s arrange-
ment was highly irregular.

“Epstein appears to have received highly unusual treatment
while in jail,” Acosta would say in a letter addressed to the gen-
eral public. “Although the terms of confinement in a state prison
are a matter appropriately left to the state of Florida and not fed-
eral authorities, without doubt, the treatment that he received
while in state custody undermined the purpose of a jail sentence.”

And, of course, Epstein’s stay at the Stockade was subsidized
by taxpayers.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010545
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022097.txt,"James PaTTERSON

Epstein prefers diminutive women, but Nadia is tall. She's
rail-thin and blond like the sun, with glowing skin, a wide smile,
and sky-high cheekbones.

On a good day, she could pass for a Bond girl—a woman
caught up in a web of crime and intrigue. But of course, that’s

exactly what she is.

In certain circles, the academics and the women in Epstein’s Ei
orbit are almost a joke. In a 2003 profile of him, New York maga-
zine quotes Harvard professors (“He is amazing”), Princeton :
professors (“He changed my life”), MIT professors (“If I had acted a

upon the investment advice he has given me over the years, I'd a 3 Virginia Roberts: 1999
be calling you from my Gulfstream right now”), and other lumi- a
naries, up to and including Bill Clinton.

“Pye known Jeff for fifteen years,” says Donald Trump. rump’s estate, Mar-<

“Terrific guy; he’s a lot of fun to be with.” 2 q ulously wealthy he:
No one knew then that someday Trump would run for presi- > F sits on twenty perfi
dent. (When he does, he'll attack Hillary Clinton for Bill Clinton's ; 4 miles away from Jeffrey E
own entanglements with Epstein.) But Trump's already ahead of | home to the exclusive Mar-
the curve in that he ends up severing his ties to Epstein well j FE courts, an
before the police or the media get wind of Epstein’s penchant for 3 q ee ena a
underage girls. __ they blocked all his efforts |
He does this because he finds out that in their endless hunt ~ | Other clubs on the island-
for “masseuses,” Epstein’s procurers have been prowling around ~ ; blacks and Jews—had neve

y

"" argued. At one point he sent
; ber of the town council: Gu
p>idney Poitier confronts his
Hleman’s Agreement, in which

™ Connecticut and New Yor

Trump’s estate in Palm Beach.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022097
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020438.txt,"Sean Hannity

Cohen has said in court that he had only three legal
clients during the past year: Broidy, Trump and talk-show host

Sean Hannity. He gave seven others “strategic advice and

business consulting.”

Last month Cohen said he borrowed from his home-equity
credit line to make a $130,000 payment in October 2016 to Stormy
Daniels, an adult-film star who says she had sex with Trump.

In a Thursday morning appearance on “Fox & Friends,” Trump
distanced himself from Cohen, saying he did only “a tiny, tiny
little fraction” of Trump’s legal work, but it included

representation “on this crazy Stormy Daniels deal.”

Russian Interference

Cohen is under investigation for bank fraud and violating

campaign-finance law. But his decade at Trump’s side as his
lawyer and enforcer could yield information he might trade to

investigators looking into the Trump campaign and Russia's

interference in the U.S. election.
still, if he chooses to defend himself, Cohen does have
assets. Companies he signs for own two investment properties

purchased in 2015. The larger one, with 92 units on New York's

Upper East Side, is 38 percent owned by Cohen's companies. The

businesses also appear to be the sole owner of a downtown
building with 20 units.
Together they likely generate less than $1 million in

annual net income for Cohen's companies after accounting for

partner interests, expenses and financing costs, data compiled
by Bloomberg show. Debt against the buildings is low, meaning
that Cohen could tap them for cash. Last October, the Cohens
sold a unit at Trump World Tower, near the United Nations, for
$3.3 million.

Cohen has been a savvy property investor. He previously
owned four buildings in need of repairs in Lower Manhattan,
rehabilitated them and sold them for $32 million in 2014, more
than doubling his initial investment.

‘Cautious, Methodical’

Richard Guarino, a partner at Friedman-Roth Realty, has
worked with Cohen on a handful of deals, including the purchase
of his Upper East Side building. As a real estate investor,

Cohen is “cautious, methodical, smart and, I think,
conservative,” Guarino says.

Cohen's current business partners are a family of New York

real estate lawyers headed by Herbert Chaves. The family, having
just sold a plot of Brooklyn land to a partnership including the
family company of Jared Kushner, were looking to reinvest their

gains when they bought Cohen’s Lower Manhattan buildings in

2014. Months later, they partnered with Cohen to buy the Upper
East Side property, 330 East 63rd Street. Guarino, a broker on
the deal, says he dealt only with Cohen, who served as a
representative for the investor group even though the Chaves
family companies hold the majority stake.

Purchased for $58 million, the squat, brown-brick seven-

story building has only a $17 million mortgage, meaning Cohen's

share has at least $15 million of equity he could borrow against
if his partners allowed him to do so. Another property at 133
Avenue D, not previously reported to be owned by Cohen, has at
least $5 million of equity not tapped by a mortgage. But more
debt means more risk and could hurt Cohen later if the taxi

business doesn’t turn around to help cover higher interest
payments.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020438
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025492.txt,"Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: 8AC25259-7BD6-4DD9-9392-FF65717CA1A9

Message: That's Amazon :: comes from the pre orders

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/05/19 12:53:08 PM (581457188)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

r

GUID: O37A2AF1-761A-489A-ABO7-C3EE98C1062F

Message: Yes

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/06/19 02:44:33 AM (581507073)
Flags: 1150981

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1DC8819C-ED79-414E-A2DD-5414F0302BBB

Message: Was he better yesterday ?

Time: 06/06/19 02:46:19 AM (581507179)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 12837FDA-7788-4BE2-9347-2743E6ADD3 9E

Message: I don't really follow but I didn't see any explosions

Sender: Po

Time: 06/06/19 06:07:09 AM (581519229)
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 02D6269F-891A-4D04-AC8A-D1IAOFDA3CA6F

Message: https://sinoinsider.com/2019/06/risk-watch-how-the-ccp-could-do-a-pearl

harbor-to-survive-the-new-cold-war/#001

Time: 06/06/19 06:07:09 AM (581519229)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025492
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027814.txt,"Message: itcov?

Sender:

Time: 06/18/19 03:23:24 PM (582589404)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation:

No

GUID: CBO03A844-2774-44E4-A33A-91F68BC98796

Message: In the closet of the Vatican

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/18/19
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation:

GUID: 920BBBCE

r

10:54:39 PM (582616479)

No

A941-4731-AC52-63D8D0D4E2C0

Message: Chomsky asking when film

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/19/19 01:54:52 AM (582627292)

Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation:

No

GUID: FEFLO611-BF71-46FC-A9BB-FBB92E0137C4

Message:

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/19/19 01:54:53 AM (582627293)

Flags: 1150981
Is Read: No

Is Invitation:

No

GUID: 2C9188E7-6260-4BF3-A0BF-F517 9A4B088F

Message: https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/448999-want-the-truth-put-your-money

on-bill-barr-not-jerry-nadler

Time: 06/19/19 07:59:18 AM (582649158)

Flags: 1126401
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation:

GUID: C71D3B37-DBA

No

Pe

E-4B50-B981-F8EB08184926

Message: https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/Middle-East/Declassified-The-Sino-Russian-
End

US-Dominance-In-The-Middl

Masterplan-To

Ea. html?fboclid=IwA

R3wicBlY4Wou92aKzBGla5SuAchk23qhBfMAThipoOgt 99OnOpP5n7TK8TPk

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027814
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024954.txt,"=0A

Issuing the first amendment ofa law usually takes some time. Rushing things may lead to undesired
consequences while delay reflects unnecessary bureaucracy. The pace of passing new amendments to laws
bound by international agreements and world systems — for example, the Companies Law -- is determined by
the progress of these agreements. Several important international agreements, including a significant number
involving the World Trade Organization, are still not ripe. Yet, we are very keen on passing or amending any
laws if necessary to strike a healthy balance between our local interests and our commitments to international
trade and finance organizations.

Emirates Business 24/7

Speculation about the dirham’s peg to the United States dollar keep flowing back out.
What value do you see in keeping the peg in the sh ort term and the long term? Is there
any move to change the structure or composition of the peg?

Governed by strict banking principles and guidelines, the UAE Central Bank is taking care of the issue of
dirham’s peg to international currencies. The US dollar’s devaluation against the Euro and the pound-sterling
during the past few years has triggered several debates about economic threats posed by the dirham’s peg to the
dollar. Today, after the dollar’s significant gains against other international currencies, we can barely hear these
voices.

There are no absolute wins or absolute20loses to pegging a local currency to a single foreign currency ora
currency basket. Decisions are always determined in light of the size of benefits.
Emirates Business 24/7

One of the many effective measures taken by the UAE Government to deal with the
fallout of the global financial crisis has been to maintain or increase spending on
infrastructure projects, even if this leads to a deficit budget. Would the UAE be
comfortable with a deficit budget for the first time in many years? Would you
immediately put in place measures to wipe out the deficit (if that happens) in the next
year? What such measures would you consider?

This is a hypothetical question. Actually, we evaluate all possible scenarios and we are very keen on endorsing
a deficit-free budget. Yet I can read between the lines of your question about potential measures to face budget
deficit. My reply is: No Income Taxes.

Emirates Business 24/7

The public relations image of UAE and Dubai is being taken to task in sections of the
Western press. What is the official strategy of UAE going to be to counter this?

Our strategy in that regard is very consistent, as we strongly believe in the sanctity of truth. Our commitment to
transparency is unequivocal and unquestioned. Our ultimate response to these reports can be seen in our
relentless efforts and ongoing success. The life sp an of lies is always short.

We have been very transparent with all measures undertaken over the past few months to counter the impact of
the global financial crisis. Senior government officials have spoken openly about the current situation,
highlighting key facts and figures -- including the actual size of the debts by both the government and
government affiliated companies.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024954
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020680.txt,"#14 Children For Sale

aR San a a FONT

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020680
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012352.txt,"TAB 8

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012352
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017805.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 5 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 6 of 18

Virginia Roberts, now Giuffre, says she was 16 and working as a locker room attendant at Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort when she was approached by Ghislaine Maxwell,
Jeffrey Epstein’s associate, about becoming a masseuse for Epstein. COURTESY OF VIRGINIA ROBERTS

That summer, when Roberts was 16, she said her father helped her get a job as a locker room attendant at the spa at Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort in
Palm Beach, records show. Her father worked at the resort as a maintenance man.

There she said she met Ghislaine Maxwell, an Epstein friend and socialite daughter of the late British publishing magnate Robert Maxwell. She offered
Roberts an opportunity to become a massage therapist, working for Epstein.

In a sworn court affidavit and in a recent interview with the Herald, Roberts described how Epstein and Maxwell began grooming her — not just to
perform massages, but to sexually pleasure them and others.

“Tt started with one and it trickled into two and so on,” Roberts told the Herald. “And before you know it, I’m being lent out to politicians and academics
and royalty.”

Roberts, too, was ordered to find Epstein girls — the younger, the better — by trolling areas where teenagers congregated, such as shopping malls, to lure
girls to whatever residence Epstein was staying in at the time, she told the Herald.

She began to travel with Epstein and Maxwell to Epstein’s other homes, in New York, New Mexico and the U.S. Virgin Islands — and her trips are
documented in flight logs that frequently list her name or her initials as a passenger, court records show.

“His appetite was insatiable. He wanted new girls, fresh, young faces every single day — that was just the sickness that he had,” Roberts said.
Neither Epstein nor his lead attorney, Goldberger, responded to requests for comment.

Roberts alleges that Epstein had cameras throughout his homes and said he liked her to tell him about the sexual peccadilloes of various important men
she had sex with.

“Epstein and Maxwell also got girls for Epstein’s friends and acquaintances. Epstein specifically told me that the reason for him doing this was so that
they would ‘owe him,’ they would ‘be in his pocket,’ and he would ‘have something on them,’ ” Roberts said in a court affidavit. “I understood him to

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017805
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031514.txt,"the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/inde

x.html

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http: //topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon_ jr thomas/index

.htm!

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031514
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023918.txt,"172 Teaching Minds

Did I teach her to ignore stupid no left turn signs? Of course I
did. But I never said such a thing to her or taught her how to decide
when it was safe to ignore a sign. I was just in her world and she was
watching.

I observed a similar phenomenon with my son. I like to watch
football and my son sat with me and learned to watch too. Twenty
years later, when an event occurred on the field, I noticed that we said
exactly the same thing at the same time. “Oof,” “oh come on,” “ugh.”
Whatever event on the field caused me to exclaim something, caused
my son to exclaim the same thing. Now, I could not tell you what
was an “oof” and what was an “ugh,” and neither could he. I do this
kind of thing unconsciously and so does he. He learned what I had to
teach, but he doesn’t know what he learned and I don’t know what I
taught.

What does this have to do with teaching? Perhaps we just need
to watch our teachers and then we can copy what they do. Well, not
exactly.

I took a yoga lesson the other day. The instructor got into a pose
and said I was to copy what he did. I said there wasn’t a chance that
I could copy what he did. He wasn’t used to being talked to like this.
(Most students are better at being students than I am, of course.) I
explained that I could barely understand what he had done, despite
seeing it, and I certainly didn’t know the intent of what he had done,
so I wouldn’t know which aspects of his action were significant and
which were unimportant. I told him this was no way to teach.

Now I know I will not be able to teach the yoga instructor how
to teach better, and I doubt he will be reading this book. But whether
you are teaching yoga or baseball or science or business, the rules are
the same. Before I list them, let me start with the top mistakes teach-
ers make. Some of these mistakes are forced on teachers by a badly
designed education system, and some are ones that teachers make no
matter what they are teaching or which system they are teaching in.

Some of these are less than obvious. So, let’s consider them one
by one:

Mistake #1: Assuming that there is some kind of learning other
than learning by doing

Mistake #2: Believing that a teacher’s job is assessment

Mistake #3: Thinking there is something that everyone must
know in order to proceed

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023918
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020858.txt,"Metric Definitions & Qualifiers

e Cash Flow = ‘Cash In’ Minus ‘Cash Out’

— Calculated on a cash basis (which excludes changes in non-cash accrual of
future liabilities) for simplicity.

e One-Time Expenses = ‘Spending Minus Repayments’ for Non-Recurring
Programs

— Net costs of programs such as TARP, ARRA, and GSE bailouts.

e Net Worth = Assets Minus Liabilities Minus Unfunded Entitlement Liabilities
— Assets include cash & investments, taxes receivable, property, plant &
equipment (as defined by Department of Treasury).
— Liabilities include accounts payable, accrued payroll & benefits, federal
debt, federal employee & veteran benefits payable...
— Unfunded Entitlement Liabilities include the present value of future

expenditures in excess of dedicated future revenues in Medicare and Social
Security over the next 75 years.

Note: USA Inc. accounts do not follow the same GAAP as corporations.
i USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts 33

Common Financial Metrics Applied to USA Inc. in F2010

e Cash Flow Per Share = -$4,171

— USA Inc.’s F2010 cash flow -$1.3 trillion, divided by population of ~310
million (assuming each citizen holds one share of USA Inc.).

e Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio = -8x

— USA Inc. net debt held by public ($9.1 trillion) divided by USA Inc.
F2010 EBITDA (-$1.1 trillion). It’s notable that the ratio compares with
S8&P500 average of 1.4x in 2010.

Note: USA Inc. accounts do not follow the same GAAP as corporations. Refer to slide 31 for a word of warning about comparing
corporate and government accounting. EBITDA is Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation & Amortization. Source: Dept. of
Treasury, White House Office of Management and Budget, Congressional Budget Office, BEA, BLS.
www.kpcb.com

USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts 34

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020858
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028299.txt,"THE HOUSE OF THE NOBLEMAN
CURATED BY WOLFE VON LENKIEWICZ & VICTORIA GOLEMBIOVSKAYA

PRESS CLIPPING (INTERNET)

THES
INDEPENDENT

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/art-in-residence-redeveloped-park-terrace-hosts-exhibit-

2102450.html

Art in Residence: Redeveloped park terrace hosts exhibit

By Deirdre Hipwell
Sunday, 10 October 2010
Curators Victoria Golembiovskaya and Wolfe Von Lenkiewicz, in collaboration with the Saatchi Gallery and

Channel 4's New Sensations, will host an art exhibition starting next Sunday showcasing famous works by artists
such as Paul Cezanne and Pablo Picasso.

The House of the Nobleman exhibit, which coincides with the Frieze Art Fair, will be held at the mansion No 2
Cornwall Terrace in Regents Park and will include works from several international art collections. No 2 Cornwall
Terrace has been extensively redeveloped by developer Oakmayne Bespoke and is part of a much larger
redevelopment of Cornwall Terrace to create eight mansions. The houses are up for sale starting at £29m.

19

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028299
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031272.txt,"After the month-long investigation, during which I was told I was not to interact with anyone on campus (again
moot because I was a hemisphere removed) the final report, from which I quote below absolved me of any
wrongdoing, reinstating my position, and indicated information inconsistent with the original claim and
apparent later claims:

""The allegations were made by an observer to the incident.

- The complaint did not identify, nor disclose the identity of the conference attendee who was allegedly touched
in

an unwelcome manner.

- The conference attendee who took the ‘selfie’ photo did not lodge a formal complaint to the conference
organisers

at the time of the incident (November 2016).

- The conference attendee who witnessed the incident, did not lodge a formal complaint to the conference
organisers

at the time of the incident (November 2016).

-The photo submitted as part of the complaint does not provide evidence of any physical contact.

- The complainant alleged that a photo exists, showing your hand on the breast of the conference attendee who
took

the ‘selfie’ photo. This photo was not made available to the Australian National University, although it was
requested

in the course of the investigation.”

(And for the record I often put my hand up in front of a camera if there is a flash, as I specifically request selfies
not to include flashes, so that I don’t end up with a series bright spots in front of my eyes for the next half

hour. Moreover, I have no idea if the other eyewitnesses you quote, who were not involved in any complaint,
were in fact there but this was a formal banquet with individuals and their partners, which I attended long
enough to agree to sign things and do selfies before leaving early because I was tired. Even if I had any such
intent it would have been lunacy to pose for selfies in front of a group and openly do such a thing, including
presumably in front of this person’s partner, . Which, besides the fact that I don’t do such things, is one of the
many reasons it never happened.)

What makes this particular type of allegation so repugnant is that I get asked for literally thousands of selfies,
and when people come up to me they are vulnerable, often shaking, or sometimes aggressive. I am particularly
proud of the way I work to make all people feel at ease, and respected, rather than humiliated, whatever their
behavior or request. Thus, this false claim strikes at the heart of what I am about, which characterizes all my
interactions with fans: to acknowledge them in a way that makes them feel appreciated and respected. As I
understand you had a reporter watching me sign books and take selfies at the CFI conference in Las Vegas this
year, that behavior is what they will have witnessed and should report on. Moreover, I am proud of the
interactions I have had at both Case and ASU, with students, colleagues and staff of all genders and

ethnicities. I have worked hard to support them, mentor them, and treat them with respect. I treat others as
responsible adults, and I expect to be treated equally.

On Dec 10, 2017, at 6:12 PM, Peter Aldhous <q wrote:

Dr. Krauss:
As you know, I’m a reporter for BuzzFeed News who has been investigating sexual misconduct allegations

against you. As we've already discussed by email, I’d very much like to interview you about these allegations in
detail.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031272
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012434.txt,"14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

J

0 Oo OD NN ODO oO BP W PDH

~0929104. TXT
Did they give you their cell phone numbers?
No.

Did you ever speak to them on their cel |

phones?
A. No, sir.
Did they speak to your parents?
A. That's something you'd have to ask my
parents.
Q. Do you know whether they spoke to your
parent's?
A. No, sir.
Q. You have no idea?
46
A. No, sir.
MR. LEOPOLD: Objection. Asked and
answered,
BY MR. TEIN:
Q. So if | say the name to you Marie

Villafona, you don't know who that is?

A. No, sir.

Q. How many women and how many men came to
your house?

A. 1 want to say two ladies and two guys.

Q. Did someone named Jeffrey Sloman come to
your house?

A. | don't Know names, sir.
Q Do you Know who Jeffrey Sloman is?
A. No, sir.
Q Do you Know who Jeffrey Herman is?
A Yes.

Page 39

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012434
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018288.txt,"by armies, by naval and air attacks. Now it is the ownership and use of connection,
of networks and machine intelligence that will deliver real, perhaps even final,
leverage.

If the strategic aim of Europe’s leaders after Napoleon’s violent emergence and
defeat was to restore a balance of power, if America’s grand strategic purpose after
World War Two was the containment of the USSR and her totalizing ideologies,
nations now must try for positions of security and for command during the uneasy
transition ahead. The wellbeing of the whole system becomes a concern; entities,
protocols and ideas that threaten the system’s health are the most urgent dangers,
even as they represent seats of potentially historic power. We should ask: How is it
that international cooperation occurs in an age of connection? Will it happen
through slow, incremental movement? In sudden bursts? In fact, the routes to
cooperation are rarely easy in any age. They involve overcoming old bureaucratic
ideas, deeply held instincts of national interest, broken and humid and sometimes
murderous psychological needs - all while accepting a new picture of power - and
fresh risks and responsibilities. Our problem now, even in the face of these snapping
traps, is to define a clear vision of our future security - and then to make a path to
get there. No route exists today. “Originally, there were no roads in the world,” the
Chinese writer Lu Xun observed in a famous story at the start of the last century. “It
is only by walking on them that paths are made.”’® Ours is an age of first steps.

The social scientists John Padgett and Walter Powell, after considering examples of
epochal, collapsing change in political and biological systems of all sorts -
Renaissance finance markets, coral reefs, innovation clusters, and others - summed
up their conclusions in a little koan-like package of logic: “In the short run, actors
create relations. In the long run, relations create actors.” 7? The nouns we worry
about now, and the ones we hope for, take their meaning and their risk and energy
from relations. Your genome connected is different and more hopeful than it is
alone, unplugged, slipping into cancer. This idea that relations create actors is a
powerful basis for a new, enduring - even decent - grand strategy for an age of
revolutionary connection. It should also offer a check against some of our horrible
miscalculations: America invaded Iraq, for instance, intending to replace one state
with another. Instead we replaced a state with a network - and not one that we
controlled. That web still resists our old habits of control. Relations of family and
faith and clan link and activate murderous, relentless actors. The super power had
all the nouns: Tanks, planes, soldiers, money. But we did not have the networks. We
could not create relations. No move of ours held for long. We were like the team
JIEEDO - trying to defeat the wrong thing entirely.

78 “Originally, there were no roads”: Lu Xun, “My Old Home” in Diary of a Madman
and Other Stories Trans. William A. Lyell (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1990.) 89-100, though the translation of the line here is my own.

79 “In the short run”: John F. Padgett and Walter W. Powell, ”The Problem of
Emergence” in The Emergence of Organizations and Markets, Princeton University
Press, 2012

56

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018288
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033215.txt,"From: Purevsuren Lundeg 
Sent: 1/14/2017 1:13:48 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Meeting in Europe 
Importance: High 
Dear Jeff, 
Happy New Year! I could visit you in Paris on January 21st or 22nd or 23rd. Which day is convienent for you? 
I will arrive noon time to see only you and after the meeting leave back. Early after noon time is suite for me. 
warmest, 
Purev 
Sent from my iPad 
On Dec 18, 2016, at 11:17 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
http ://www.nytimes. com/interactive/2016/11/29/us/politics/document-Trump-Inaugural-Benefit-
Packages .html?mtrref=www.nytimes.com&gwh=AA614B76E88085F22C999B2ACO241763&gwt=pay 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033215 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013592.txt,"manipulative and socio-sexual circuits gaining access to the rapture and ecstasy
brain pathways on the way to the new planet within.

What is seldom written about is the aftermath of chemical entheogenic
agents. After the several hours of fireworks, all of these entheogenic agents, some
more than others, gifted me with weeks to months of more self-sufficient, emotional
fullness and ease in the conduct of living that was less contaminated by narcissistic
preoccupation or defensive distantiation. | was left with increased interpersonal
sensitivity and a noticeable repair of my deficiencies in aesthetic sensibility,
particularly for the visual arts and landscapes. What were once two dimensional,
trivial, beside-the-point, scattered copses of trees and apparently casual arrays of
plant life in the Boboli Gardens behind the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, became the
grandly structured, botanical wonder of increased dimension, communicating awe
filed new perceptions of its previously unseen beauty. For the first time, | found
myself walking slowly and stopping for several minutes, wordless, spellbound, in
front of the modern art pieces of New York’s Guggenheim Museum. Lost in the
experience, | found myself exclaiming to no one in particular, “| can see!”

The delicacy and deliciousness of post-entheogenic agent’s new and
beautiful everything made me tiptoe watchfully so as not to injure an ant. Feelings of
omnipersonal kindness and generous compassion were without prideful self-
reflection. This state of grace felt like an invasion of a shimmering presence that
made contact with my other, generally unknown to me, life. It brought new
perceptions, feelings and ideas for which | was moved to give thanks. | began to

think | understood a little bit about what was meant by living in the Spirit and

merging with God. Mircea Eliade, the French, University of Chicag

In the state that
this requires, “...all nature is capable of revealing itself as cosmic sacrality....” The
entire world can become a hierophany with what Abraham Abulafia called an
activated mind, the Jewish soul of emergent properties called the Nefesh.

This entirely new world, Rudolf Otto in his 1917 Das Helige (The Sacred)

called it ganz andere, (wholly other, something else), seemed to emerge
92

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013592
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018819.txt,"Area Analysis 9

A mild tropical climate, scenic beauty, and status as a U.S. territory make Virgin Islands appealing for
vacationers from United States and Europe. The islands host over 2.5 million visitors per year, most of
whom arrive by cruise ship, and tourism is the dominant economic engine of the islands, accounting
for roughly 70 percent of the total gross territorial product.

Each district has its own distinct landscape, mix and intensity of land uses, cultural identity, and
prospects for future development. St Thomas is home to the capital and the territory’s largest city,
Charlotte Amalie, which has an estimated population of roughly 19,000 persons. St Thomas is the
primary center for resort tourism, government, finance, trade, and commerce, but its rugged
landscape limits the land available for agriculture and other types of land-intensive development.
Charlotte Amalie is also home to a major deepwater harbor that is along major shipping routes to the
Panama Canal, and it is just east of the Cyril E King International Airport — one of the busiest airports in
Caribbean. St. Thomas has two cruise ship docks, and is the most frequented cruise ship port in the
Caribbean.

The island of St John is just under 3 miles to the east of St Thomas. Cruz Bay is located on the western
coast of the island and serves as its primary port and link to St Thomas. Nearly two thirds of St John is
owned by the National Park Service and is off-limits to commercial development.

St Croix is largest of the three islands, in both land area and population. It is roughly 45 miles to the
south of St Thomas. Its primary towns are Christiansted and Frederiksted. Overall the island is flatter
and has more land available for additional agricultural, commercial and residential development than
St Thomas. St Croix is also the primary manufacturing center for the Virgin Islands, with rum
distilleries, a major watch-assembly plant, and; until February 2012, one of the world’s largest
petroleum refineries (which recently ceased refining operations).

History

The Virgin Islands were originally settled by the Ciboney, Carib, and Arawaks. The islands were named
by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage in 1493 for Saint Ursula and her virgin followers. Over
the next three hundred years, the islands were held by many European powers, including Spain,
England, the Netherlands, France, and Denmark-Norway. The Danes developed the islands with
plantation estates, and the estates boundaries are still used in legal descriptions for land to this day.

The U.S. took possession of the islands on March 31, 1917 and the territory was renamed the Virgin
Islands of the United States. U.S. citizenship was granted to the inhabitants of the islands in 1927.

Government

The U.S. Virgin Islands are an organized, unincorporated United States territory. Even though they are
U.S. citizens, Virgin Islands residents cannot vote in presidential elections. Virgin Islands residents,
however, are able to vote in presidential primary elections for delegates to the Democratic National
Convention and the Republican National Convention.

The main political parties in the U.S. Virgin Islands are the Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands, the
Independent Citizens Movement, and the Republican Party of the Virgin Islands. Additional candidates
run as independents.

; ; irr.
IGY American Yacht Harbor Marina

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018819
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012854.txt,"illuminate the mental chicaneries that lead us down the road to self-deception. As with the dangers of
dehumanization and its role in denying reality, so too is self-deception a dangerous state of mind,
allowing individuals to inflict great harm while feeling aligned with the angels.

What did William Safire have in mind when he called Hilary Clinton a congenital liar?
Congenital refers to a trait that is present in utero, at birth or soon thereafter. Congenital disorders,
diseases, or anomalies typically refer to defects caused by a combination of genetic and environmental
problems. A cleft lip is an example of a congenital anomaly, one that appears at birth as a gap in the
upper lip. Because we don’t have detailed records of Hilary Clinton’s life as a child, it is hard to say
whether her lying was congenital in the same way that a hair lip is congenital. We can rule out the in
utero and at birth periods because Hilary, like all other children, was not born speaking or lying. These
capacities mature. That she developed a tendency to exaggerate and distort is consistent with other
reports. She falsely claimed that she was centrally involved in the creation of a Children’s Health
Insurance Program, an initiative that was actually created by Senators Ted Kennedy and Orin Hatch. She
also claimed that she played a significant role in the Good Friday Agreement for Northern Ireland, a
comment that Nobel laureate Lord William David Trimble described as “a wee bit silly.” When Safire
described Clinton as a congenital liar, what he was referring to was the habitual pattern of fabrication.
When patterns of the mind become habits, they are hard to break. Each distortion, rehearsed over and
over, becomes part of the fabric of truth. It is a life story that starts as fiction and ends up as non-fiction in
the mind of the story-teller. We can begin to understand this transformation by looking at the clinician’s
notebook.

For more than 100 years, psychiatrists have described a syndrome known as pathological lying.
If lying is pathological, it must deviate from some norm. The psychiatrist Charles Dike sums up the
essence of this disorder:

Pathological liars can believe their lies to the extent that, at least to
others, the belief may appear to be delusional; they generally have sound
judgment in other matters; it is questionable whether pathological lying
is always a conscious act and whether pathological lars always have
control over their lies; an external reason for lying (such as financial
gain) often appears absent and the internal or psychological purpose for
lying is often unclear; the lies in pathological lying are often unplanned
and rather impulsive; the pathological liar may become a prisoner of his
or her lies; the desired personality of the pathological liar may
overwhelm the actual one; pathological lying may sometimes be
associated with criminal behavior; the pathological lar may
acknowledge, at least in part, the falseness of the tales when
energetically challenged; and, in pathological lying, telling lies may
often seem to be an end in itself.

Hauser Chapter 3. Ravages of denial 108

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012854
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029074.txt,"Bannon: First of all, Benjamin, I can tell you I could hardly recognize you, you’re so
cleaned up you are for the conference.

[Laughter]

Questioner: Hello, my name is Deborah Lubov. I’m a Vatican correspondent for Zenit
news agency, for their English edition. I have some experience working in New York — I
was working for PricewaterhouseCoopers auditing investment banks, one of which was
Goldman Sachs. And considering this conference is on poverty, I’m curious — from your
point of view especially, your experience in the investment banking world — what
concrete measures do you think they should be doing to combat, prevent this
phenomenon? We know that various sums of money are used in all sorts of ways and they
do have different initiatives, but in order to concretely counter this epidemic now, what

are your thoughts?

“For Christians, and particularly for those who believe in the underpinnings of the
Judeo-Christian West, I don’t believe that we should have a [financial] bailout.”

Bannon: That’s a great question. The 2008 crisis, I think the financial crisis — which, by
the way, I don’t think we’ve come through — is really driven I believe by the greed, much
of it driven by the greed of the investment banks. My old firm, Goldman Sachs —
traditionally the best banks are leveraged 8:1. When we had the financial crisis in 2008,
the investment banks were leveraged 35:1. Those rules had specifically been changed by a
guy named Hank Paulson. He was secretary of Treasury. As chairman of Goldman Sachs,
he had gone to Washington years before and asked for those changes. That made the
banks not really investment banks, but made them hedge funds — and highly susceptible
to changes in liquidity. And so the crisis of 2008 was, quite frankly, really never recovered
from in the United States. It’s one of the reasons last quarter you saw 2.9% negative
growth in a quarter. So the United States economy is in very, very tough shape.

And one of the reasons is that we’ve never really gone and dug down and sorted through
the problems of 2008. Particularly the fact — think about it — not one criminal charge has
ever been brought to any bank executive associated with 2008 crisis. And in fact, it gets

worse. No bonuses and none of their equity was taken. So part of the prime drivers of the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029074
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033201.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
Attachments: 
Alireza Ittihadieh 
12/5/2016 6:44:28 PM 
JEFF EPSTEIN [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Trump 
IMG_0419.JPG 
Importance: High 
V-BR 
Alireza IT TIHADIEH 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033201 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011129.txt,"simplifies to gift. Transfer in gained by the owner’s total capital, net of the same

internal transfers, is gift received. The math becomes
T=¥, Y=¥y,-y¥, &-F =7,+¢, , F=y_ and F=y+C, (A1.5)

at the scale of each individual's total capital as a whole. Here y (gamma) is net gift,

y, isgiftand y_ is gift received.
Divide (A1.1) by K, to find

K, F
=—14—, (A1.6)
K,

oS:
K, K,

Define these three terms as productivity or rate of return r, total capital growth rate

g and cash flow rate f. Then (A1.6) can be reexpressed as
r=gtf. (A1.6a)
(A1.3) combines with (A1.6) to show
K. C

T

Y Ay, , at the collective scale. (A1.7)
K, K,. K,

Define “pure consumption rate” C, as C, /K,,, and substitute to show

r=gtc,, at the collective scale. (A1.7a)
APPENDIX A: The Argument in Notation 3/7/16 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011129
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012698.txt,"Producer Donna Gigliotti is my date to the awards. We are both so
nervous we arrive at the Kodak Theater at 3:@@pm and nobody is there. We
are driven around for an hour. When we arrive at the world’s most famous
red carpet, I guide Donna through the extreme right security check-in to
make sure we mingle with the nominees and get on camera. I teach her the
red carpet hustle which is five steps forward, three steps back and one
inch behind a couture-clad nominee. We greet Bryan Lourd as Sandra
Bullock is talking to ABC-TV and a billion people see me wearing a black
Marchesa gown. Five steps forward, three steps back, we next meet
Gwyneth Paltrow. As I hook up the back of her dress another billion
people see us correcting a fashion malfunction. Once again, five steps
forward and three steps back. We are now posing for the still cameras
between Nicole Kidman and Keith Urban. Our handbags begin buzzing.
Countless friends are e-mailing us that they just saw us on television.

James Franco and Anne Hathaway are hip and energetic hosts. The film
montages are always the best and the set looks great. This is the year
of no surprises. Sorkin, Seidler, Christian Bale, Melissa Leo, Natalie
Portman and Colin Firth are totally prepared to receive the gold. Tom
Hooper’s win leads into Best Picture. Harvey is now sitting in
Spielberg’s seats as Spielberg announces the win. Six months of grueling
work have finally paid off. King George VI and Harvey Weinstein now
share the journey of a single man who triumphs over adversity.

The Governor’s ball, held above the Kodak Theater, recreates the Mocambo-
Ciro’s niteries of the 1930’s and 4@’s, using a palette of teal and
white. Three bands alternate musical styles as hungry guests wolf down
Wolfgang Puck’s delicious food. The winners triumphantly sachet around
the room holding their heavy eight pound gold statues.

An hour later there is a migration to the famous Vanity Fair party
hosted by Graydon Carter at the Sunset Tower Hotel owned by Jeff Klein.
One celebrity after another poses in front of the green hedge standing
in the middle of the circular Vanity Fair logo to record their devotion
and support to Graydon and the magazine.

There’s a hierarchy of arrival times. The inner circle of Graydon’s 150
best friends attend a seated dinner and viewing of the show at 5pm. They
include Barry Diller and Diane Von Furstenberg, Francis Ford Coppola,
Jon Hamm and Jennifer Westfeldt, Betsey Bloomingdale, Tory Burch and
Lyor Cohen, Tom Ford, Sandy Gallin, Mitch Glazer and Kelly Lynch,
Carolina and Reinaldo Herrera, L’Wren Scott and Sir Mick Jagger, Naomi
Watts and Live Schreiber, Wendi Stark, Judd Apatow, Jackie and Joan
Collins, George Hammilton, Donna Karan and Steve Martin.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012698
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013586.txt,"Arnold J. Mandell, In (ed. R.R. Vallacher and A.J. Nowak), Dynamical Systems in
Social Psychology, Academic Press, San Diego, 1994.

Toward a neuropsychopharmacologicy of habituation: a vertical integration. Arnold
J. Mandell, Math. Modeling 7:809-888, 1986.

Thermodynamics, Enrico Fermi, Dover, N.Y. 1956.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Peter T. Landsberg, Dover, N.Y. 1978.

Ergodic Theory, Symbolic Dynamics and Hyperbolic Spaces, T. Bedford, M. Keane
and C. Series, Oxford, Oxford, 1991.

The Mathematical Theory of Communication, Claude E. Shannon and Warren

Weaver, U. of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1963.

Science and Information Theory, Leon Brillouin, Academic Press, N.Y. 1962.

Brain Metabolism and Cerebral Disorders, Harold E. Himwich, Williams and Wilkins,
Baltimore, 1951.

86

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013586
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012840.txt,"morally worthy or sacred. It shows how easily we can flip our values in the face of tempting alternatives.
The scientific evidence presented in this section shows that our decisions to treat others according
to different moral principles or norms is powerfully affected by our sense of what counts as another
human being. What counts includes at least two important dimensions, one focused on agency and the
other on experience. These dimensions determine whether we blame or praise someone, punish or
rehabilitate them, and ultimately, include or exclude them from the inner circles of moral agents or moral
patients. Those who fall outside these two inner circles are morally worthless. Those who are morally
worthless can be destroyed or banished. Some things are justifiably excluded and fit with our general
sense of reality — rocks, dirt, cardboard boxes, plastic balls, and pieces of glass. Other things are
excluded because they don’t fit with our values of what reality should be. This is where distortion and
denial enter the process. This is where we create walls around members of one group in order to keep
others out. This is where we express partiality instead of the impartiality that Lady Justice champions
with her two balanced scales and blind fold-covered eyes. This is where we exclude others from our inner
sanctum in order to justify great harms. How is the inner sanctum set up and put into action over a

lifetime, sometimes for legitimate causes and sometimes for illegitimate and unconscionable causes?

Populating the inner sanctum

Elie Wiesel, the Nobel Peace Laureate and Holocaust survivor, remarked that “anti-Semitism is the most
ancient form of prejudice.” This claim may well be true of human written history, but is most definitely
false if one considers the fact that all social animals and human societies, including the hunter-gatherer
groups that are descendants of people that predated the Jews, hate some individuals and love others.
Prejudice, though often based on deep seated ideological biases and stereotypes that humans invent, is, at
root, a form of partiality. Every social animal, either extinct or alive today, expresses partiality. This is a
highly adaptive and ancient psychology, promoting the care of young, investment in mates, and escape
strategies against enemies. Humans are no different, except for the role that our promiscuous brains play
in fueling partiality with ideology and symbolism. Sometimes when we express our partiality it is for the
noble cause of caring for our children and for defending ideological beliefs surrounding humanitarian
causes, including defense of basic human rights. Sometimes when we express our partiality, it is for the
ignoble cause of destroying others. How does human partiality begin? Do babies express preferences for
certain social categories? How does their experience sculpt new categories? How is the inner sanctum

populated, enabling us to preferentially help those within and harm those outside?

Hauser Chapter 3. Ravages of denial 94

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012840
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029060.txt,"“Because at the end of the day, I think that Putin and his cronies are really a
kleptocracy, that are really an imperialist power that want to expand.”

Question: Obviously, before the European elections the two parties had a clear link to
Putin. If one of the representatives of the dangers of capitalism is the state involvement in
capitalism, so, I see there, also Marine Le Pen campaigning in Moscow with Putin, and
also UKIP strongly defending Russian positions in geopolitical terms.

[Harnwell restates, but unintelligible]

Harnwell: These two parties have both been cultivating President Putin [unintelligible].
Bannon: I think it’s a little bit more complicated. When Vladimir Putin, when you really
look at some of the underpinnings of some of his beliefs today, a lot of those come from
what I call Eurasianism; he’s got an adviser who harkens back to Julius Evola and
different writers of the early 20th century who are really the supporters of what’s called
the traditionalist movement, which really eventually metastasized into Italian fascism. A
lot of people that are traditionalists are attracted to that.

One of the reasons is that they believe that at least Putin is standing up for traditional
institutions, and he’s trying to do it in a form of nationalism — and I think that people,
particularly in certain countries, want to see the sovereignty for their country, they want
to see nationalism for their country. They don’t believe in this kind of pan-European
Union or they don’t believe in the centralized government in the United States. They’d
rather see more of a states-based entity that the founders originally set up where

freedoms were controlled at the local level.

“You’re seeing a global reaction to centralized
government, whether that government is in
Beying or that government 1s in Washington,
DC, or that government is in Brussels. So we
are the platform for the voice of that.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029060
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031266.txt,"Incident 5:

° This incident allegedly occurred on in May 2011 on a CFI cruise. We understand that CFI staff were
informed that you had propositioned a female cruise-goer, who rejected an invitation to join you and your
female companion for sex in your cabin.

° At least two CFI staffers were sufficiently concerned about reports of your behavior that they urged
CFI’s president not to invite you on a 2014 cruise of the Galapagos Islands. You were invited on that cruise,
however.

Incident 6:

° During a visit to Melbourne, Australia, in November 2016, you were accused of sexual misconduct once
again.

° The incident happened at a dinner held at the Melbourne Zoo as part of the Australian Skeptics
National Convention, where you were a featured speaker.

° With conference delegates chatting over drinks, a woman asked you for a celebrity selfie.

° As the woman held out her phone to take the picture, you reached over her shoulder and grabbed her
right breast.

° She immediately reacted, bodychecking you and spinning around. “Don’t do that,” she said.

° BuzzFeed News has seen the complaint made by another woman to ASU, ANU, and the New College

of the Humanities in London, including the selfie, her face obscured to conceal her identity. It shows your hand
in motion as a blur in front of her shoulder, apparently moving toward her chest. Two other eyewitnesses have
confirmed the complainant's account of what happened.

° In April 2017, the complainant described the incident on her blog. After hearing more about your
reputation for inappropriate behavior from blog readers, she decided to file a complaint about the Nov. 2016
incident.

° On July 16, she filed formal complaints with Arizona State University, and with the Australian National
University in Canberra and the New College of the Humanities in London, where you have visiting
appointments.

° Both Arizona State and the Australian National University told her they would look into the matter. But
neither university found against you.

° “Based on the material available to the University, we do not have sufficient evidence to substantiate
the allegations,” Kiaran Kirk, dean of the College of Science at the Australian National University, wrote to her.

° Erin Ellison, who heads Arizona State’s Office of Equity & Inclusion, wrote to her explaining that an
inquiry “did not find a violation of university policy.”

° In October, Arizona State denied a request from BuzzFeed News for documents relating to complaints
of sexual harassment against you. However, Cynthia Jewett, the university's senior associate general counsel,
noted that two individuals, neither affiliated with the university, had complained about you. “The University did
not find either communication to state a credible allegation,” Jewett wrote.

Miscellaneous facts:

° In 2008, you founded the Origins Project at Arizona State University in Tempe, a multidisciplinary effort
to understand the origins of the universe, life, and social systems. You have led that effort ever since.

e Thanks to best-selling books like The Physics of Star Trek and A Universe From Nothing, frequent
essays in publications including the New Yorker and the New York Times, and the documentary you made with
biologist Richard Dawkins, called The Unbelievers, you are celebrated as one of America’s leading public
intellectuals.

° You served on the science policy committee for Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign and are a
vocal critic of President Donald Trump.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031266
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012420.txt,"~0929104. TXT

5 And | think it's highly inappropriate to do this
6 with this child sitting here, the way you're

7 acting, primarily towards me, and | wil] not put
8 up with it.

9 MR. TEIN: Will you please stop your speech
10 so | can ask questions?

11 MR. LEQPOLD: So long as you act

12 professionally, | will do so. But if you continue
13 to do it this way, | will leave.

14 MR. TEIN: Suit yourself.

15 BY MR. TEIN:

16 Ls

19 MR. LEOPOLD: Asked and answered.

20 Objection.

21 MR. TEIN: Did you get her answer?
22 THE COURT REPORTER: No, | did not.
23

24 BY MR. TEIN:

Page 25

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012420
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014878.txt,"e  Snoek and with Liza deep previously likely moves recoverable resource closer
to the upper end of this range 2bn boe before Liza #4 and Pacuma, providing
line of sight for at least a 4 FPSO development starting in 2019.

¢ After Liza 4, the Stena Carron drillship will move back to Payara to drill an
appraisal well which will also test a deeper prospect ‘Pacuma tail’. Where pre-
drill prospect size is scaled at about 1bn boe. The next prospect (Turbot) will
then be spud south east of Payara. Note is that if Payara 2 is successful, this
would likely add another ‘boat’ with capacity of 150,000 boepd.

The graphics below characterize Hess view of Payara and Snoek. We assume the 1bn
boe Pacuma prospect is the light green area below Payara.

Exhibit 7: Initial characterization of Payara Exhibit 8: Updated characterization suggests a similar footprint to Liza

( Liza Water Depth: 5,500-5,700 ft
/ Drilling TD: 18,000-18,800 ft

Future
Prospect

Guyana

a | GoM Green Canyon for scale

Source: Hess Source: Hess

Again quoting ExxonMobil management:

Just as we progressed rapidly at Liza, we'll move quickly to develop Payara if the
delineation well is successful.’

Recall that Hess management has suggested Payara will ‘definitely be commercial’.
However at this early stage we assume no value for Payara in our assessed value of
Hess’ not least as any attempt at precision is obviously premature. But with discussions
with management suggesting scenarios through appraisal where Payara is a lookalike to
Liza, we believe a ‘plus three year’ development scheme is a reasonable basis to frame
option value in a success case.

Under our $70 Brent base case, the theoretical NPV would be around $10/sh. This is on
top of the approximate $12-14/ share value we estimate is reasonable for Hess from
the existing Liza discovery. Note we continue to assume about 400,000 bpd gross
development scenario-reviewed again below to reflect the latest project proposal
submitted to the Guyana Government which now targets first production in 2H19.

Note we assume negligible value for natural gas revenue in this latest iteration, thus the
range of $12-$14 for Liza mentioned above and $22-$24 for Liza / Payara. The table
below assumes gas valued at $1 / mmcfe.

Liza Water Depth: 5,500-6,000 ft
Drilling TD: 18,000-18,800 ft

6 Hess Corp. | 11 April 2017

BankofAmerica <2”
Merrill Lynch

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014878
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025486.txt,"Time: 06/

Flags: 10

04/19 09:15:54 AM (581357754)

85445

Ts Read: No

Is Invita

tion: No

GUID: 3F8

189F4-F3F8-4E97-A601-DF7DF5FC8547

Messag

Sender:

Government sensitive to exploitation

Time: 06/
Flags: 10
Is Read:

Is Invita

:jeeitunes@gmail.com

04/19 09:16:10 AM (581357770)
85445

No

tion: No

=]

GUID: 5F7A6742-F121-44DE-8920-B6E652922C0D

Message:

But probably yes

Sender: iy

Time: 06/
Flags: 10
Is Read:

Is Invita

04/19 09:17:09 AM (581357829)
60865
Yes

tion: No

GUID: 7FOA593D-B488-4C63-9669-C88E69012A33

Message: Exploitation!!!!

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/05/19 03:24:30 AM (581423070)
Flags: 1150981

Is Read: No

Is Invita

GUID: FF6AE/B3-18C1-4C80-B1IF5-2712BCB2C3AE

Message:

tion: No

https://www.rawstory.com/2019/06/trump-whit

bannon-ha

Time: 06/
Flags: 10
Is Read:

Is Invita
GUID: 8CC

Message:

hous

author-michael-wolff-stev

s-knowledge-of-trumps-crimes-and-obstruction-of-justice/

sender:

05/19 04:19:54 AM (581426394)
60865
Yes

tion: No

631A2-31C8-410F-B3BF-Bé60B36A014AF

What an asshole

Sender:
Time: 06/

Flags: 10

:jeeitunes@gmail.com
05/19 04:24:03 AM (581426643)

85445

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025486
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027800.txt,"Message: Junior varsity 'project fear'

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/16/19 05:56:22 AM (582382582)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 906A945B-C639-4A23-BEC4-52E13F416D87

Message: Im here with miro , feel free to call

sender:

Time: 06/16/19 05:56:38 AM (582382598)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: CF2EF090-3295-4858-8B07-DC93EDC2438D

Message: Campaign in total disarray --- Bernie Marcus and the other hard core trump
donors in panic because they are doing own polling

Time: 06/16/19 05:58:15 AM (582382695)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: B32DCOF0-69A7-4ED6-8793-DF412D905C8D

Message: You in Paris ?

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/16/19 05:58:25 AM (582382705)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 10451654-EC12-4806-B40A-87394B6B3406

Message: Yup

Time: 06/16/19 08:07:22 AM (582390442)
Flags: 1126401
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 649BEBD6-C8DA-4793-B172-2E487450D934

Message: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.indiewire.com/2019/06/russian-communist-
party-ban-chernobyl-hbo-1202150036/amp/

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027800
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020694.txt,"This photo, captured in October 1912, shows an 11-year-old Sanders Spinning Mill worker Giles Edmund Newsom, who

recently lost two fingers after an accident in the workplace. He was working along his younger brother for a few months
before the accident.

#28 Rodney Alcala

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020694
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024940.txt,"violation of our human and international commitments, ensuring the objective of variation of the demographic
structure in our country.

Naturally, our children and new generations will remain the actual solution for this question. Hence, the
development of education, the competencies and capabilities of the UAE nationals will remain our main
priority. We are optimistic about our youth, and proud of their spirit of national belonging, of their growing
realization of the importance of self-reliance and active participation in building the homeland. I follow their
activities and expect a great deal from them, and ask them to double their efforts in learning and enhancing their
competencies in various fields, in20orders to become a distinguished group eagerly sought after by public and
private sectors. We are eager to increase the rate of Emiratization in government and private sectors. I informed
the Cabinet last march that the rate of Emiratization in the ministries has not reached the targeted level, as it did
not exceed 54 percent and 25 percent in the Federal Authorities. I gave directives to prepare a study to denote
the reasons for such a situation in order to draw suitable programs to fill this gap.

By Al-Sharq al-Awsat Daily

Almost a year ago, Your Highness introduced a major reshuffle in the Cabinet. You
mentioned that any minister is liable to change. Is there a plan for a cabinet reshuffle
soon?

There is a fact which should not be absent from the minds of people — that is, the government 1s at the service of
the people. A reshuffle is introduced when there is a need for it, and when we find that it suits an active
handling of the need of national demands, to ensure the power of the union to achieve the objectives of its
strategy, and whatever objective that may come up to meet the actual developments. I still say that any minister
or a man of responsibility entrusted with him is open to replacement by another one who is more capable of
shouldering that responsibility. The basic reference in any decision of this type is the criteria of performance
and level of fulfillment of plans for development projec ts.

By Al-Sharq al-Awsat Daily

Frankly, people outside the Emirates think there is a kind of sensitivity among the seven
Emirates. With reference to the federal system adopted by the state, how do you respond
to that?

I do not understand what you mean by “sensitivity” and the relation of the word to the federal system. But I
know the reason behind your question: it is the media reports which tried, in handling the reflections of the
international financial crisis on the UAE, to place hurdles and fabricate differences between Abu Dhabi and
Dubai. These are vicious attempts that ignored the way the UAE faced the repercussions of the global financial
crisis and the superb performance of our federal entities, under the leadership of His Highness, the President of
the UAE. The performance was excellent, and it presented a new proof of the capability and power of the
federation to face difficult challenges. Anyhow, since you brought the subject up, it is useful to remind
everybody that the seven Emirates chose the federal system, realizing that it is the most viable system to
survive and develop. The founding fathers had wisdom, vision and a future perspective. Whoever knows the
history of the area and its situation prior to the establishment of the union will realize the great achievement of
the union in the establishment of the UAE. Ifthe results are the test, then look at the advance and achievements
of the UAE20after 37 years of the Union. The UAE 1s a state of institutions governed by a constitution, which
covers the allocation of responsibilities to local and federal authorities. Like all federal states, the Federal
government is concerned with all the sovereign affairs, whether related to defense policy, the armed forces,
national security, foreign policy, and financial policy, legislations related to justice, economy, labor or
residence of foreigners.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024940
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012346.txt,"J. Consor

r

&

Associates Reporting & Transcription
561.682.0905

98ae64ed-fabi-461a-b5d2-heB5289cc56a

01910

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012346
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031500.txt,"Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http:
tml

topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031500
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017811.txt,"Even from jail, Jeffrey Epstein manipulated the system | Miami Herald Page 11 of 17
Case 1:19-cv-03377 Document 1-1 Filed 04/16/19 Page 12 of 18

The work release was approved by the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office,
said spokeswoman Therese Barbera.

“Jeffrey Epstein, while in custody, met the criteria for the Work Release
Program,” Barbera wrote in an email. “There was no factual basis to deny
Mr. Epstein the same availability of this program that is offered to other
inmates under similar circumstances. Mr. Epstein was closely monitored

and there were no problems encountered during his time in the program.”

But the sheriff’s own work release policy — a copy of which Barbera provided
to the Herald — specifically notes that sex offenders aren’t eligible for work While officially confined to the Palm Beach County stockade, serving time for his sex
release. offenses, Jeffrey Epstein was allowed to spend half his day at this West Palm Beach

office building. It was called work release, although Palm Beach Sheriff's Office rules
At first, Barbera questioned whether Epstein was a sex offender at all, noting _ prohibit work-release status for sexual offenders. Emily Michot

that he didn’t have to register officially until after his release from the jailin = £M/CHOT@MIAMIFIERALD.COM
2009. But his court papers clearly listed him as a sex offender. In fact, the papers Epstein signed — obtained by the Herald — included all the laws
governing registered sex offenders in Florida.

Barbera refused to explain why Epstein was seemingly allowed to deviate from the agency’s policies. She also would not respond to requests for an
accounting of the amount of money that Epstein paid the sheriff’s office for his private details.

Palm Beach Sheriff Ric Bradshaw, who has been in office since 2004 — and is widely considered to be one of the most powerful people in the county — did
not respond to requests for comment.

Aspokeswoman for Palm Beach County Sheriff Ric Bradshaw declined to say why Jeffrey Epstein was allowed work-release status despite rules prohibiting work release for sex
offenders. Taylor Jones PALM BEACH POST

Epstein’s registration requirements are somewhat confusing, even to those who are responsible for keeping his registration. The Florida Department of
Law Enforcement, which keeps the online registry, and the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office, where Epstein has to register in person twice a year, gave

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article2 19494920 html 4/3/2019
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017811
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024798.txt,"Or
>
A
“Bw
Plan
fon on

Vapexhale

San Francisco, California
www.vapexhale.com

Vapexhale is a vaporizer technology company
that designs and manufactures branded vapor-
izers that use conductive heating. The com-
pany develops tabletop and portable vaporizers
that are designed for use with concentrates and
flower.

Vuber

Seattle, Washington
www.vubervaporizers.com

Vuber is a manufacturer of cannabis vapor-
izers. The company designs and markets can-
nabis vaporizers and vaporizer accessories that
are available in retail stores and dispensaries in
Washington and Oregon. The company’s prod-
ucts are also available online.

162

Cannabis Investment Report | December 2017

VCC

Vcc Brands

Los Angeles, California
www.vccbrands.com

VCC Brands is a manufacturer of branded can-
nabis-infused products. The company offers
cannabis-infused beverages, cookies, choco-
lates, teas, honeys, cooking oils and tinctures.
Its products are available in dispensaries located
throughout California and Washington.

Wana Brands

Boulder, Colorado
www.wanabrands.com

Wana Brands is a producer of cannabis-infused
products, including cannabis-infused candies
and. capsules. Its products are available in dis-
pensaries in Colorado, Oregon and Nevada.

© 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024798
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012711.txt,"From: Stephanie 
Sent: 6/14/2011 4:54:35 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
CC: Lesley Groff 
Subject: RE: Events this week 
Importance: High 
Other events that are not listed below (they were sent over from Marshall Heyman at the WSJ) Let me know if you are 
interested. 
Tonight: Red Rooster for Halle Berry, Simon & Schuster party for publication of the new James Bond Novel & the 
opening of Spiderman w/ an after party at bowlmore. 
Wednesday: Self Magazine & Zooey Deschanel Party 
Thursday: Worldwide Orphans w/ Amy Poehler 
CALENDAR OF MAJOR EVENTS, OPENINGS, AND FUNDRAISERS IN NEW YORK 
Tuesday, June 14, 2011 
Sunrise: 5:25 am Sunset 8:26 pm Moon: 
High: 77 Low: 61 
After-School All-Stars of New York  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Benefit Mandarin Oriental New York. New York. Contact: Janice Phillips. 
Event address: 80 Columbus Circle, New York. Event web address: www.asasny.org. 
Tags: Fundraiser Child Advocacy Education K-12. 
EXPAND 
New York Area Professional Convention Management Association  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Luncheon Reception, networking and program. Doubletree Guest Suites. New York. Contact: Shannon 
Harris. 
Event address: 1568 Broadway, New York. Event web address: pcma.org. 
Tags: Discussion Luncheon Networking Association. 
EXPAND 
Business Development Institute  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Mobile Financial Services Communications Leadership Forum Disucssions. New York University Midtown Campus. New 
York. Contact: Maria Feola. 
Event address: 11 West 42nd Street, New York. Event web address: 
www.bdionline.com/mobilefinancialforum0611.html. 
Tags: Discussion Education Adult. 
EXPAND 
New York Professional Convention Management Association  
PRINT I TWEET  
Taking Care of Business: Moving from Success to Significance Discussions and networking. Business attire. Speaker(s): 
Sue Hershkowitz-Coore. Doubletree Times Square. Contact: Shannon Harris. 
Event address: 1568 Broadway 47th Street, New York,. Event web address: www.pcma.org/x147.xml?events=x19306. 
Tags: Discussion Networking. 
EXPAND 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012711 
Agape International Spiritual Center  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Gala and Premiere Screening 6:00 pm. ""Discover the Gift."" VIP reception, followed by viewing. Hosted by Michael 
Bernard Beckwith. Tickets from $20.00. Buy Tickets. NYU Skirball Center for the Performing Arts. New York. 
Event address: 586 LaGuardia Place, New York. Event web address: skirbalIcenter.nyu.edu/calendar/discoverthegift. 
Tags: Premiere Reception Screenings. 
EXPAND 
City Parks Foundation  
PRINT I TWEET  
Summerstage Gala 6:00 pm. Cocktails, dinner and concert. ""Motown Meets NYC,"" theme. Tickets from 
$1,000.00. Central Park-Rumsey Playfield. New York. (212) 360-2756. 
Event address: East 72nd St. off Fifth Ave., New York. Event web address: 
www.summerstage.org/donate now/gala.html. 
Tags: Concert Gala Opening Arts Performing Arts Environmental. 
EXPAND 
Greater New York Construction User Counci  
PRINT I TWEET  
2011 Chairman's Reception 6:00 pm. Cocktails and program. Hosted by Jonathan D. Resnick. Steelcase. New York. 
Event address: 4 Columbus Circle, New York. Sponsored by Jack Resnick & Sons, Inc,McGowan Builders, Inc,Turner 
Construction. Event web address: buildingcongress.com. 
Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Association. 
EXPAND 
ABWA - Association of Black Women Attorneys  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
35th Anniversary Celebration 6:30 pm. Cocktail reception, followed by dinner, awards and dancing. Speaker(s): Kim 
K.W. Rucker. Chaired by B. Shea Owens. Tickets from $250.00. Chelsea Piers. New York. Contact: 
Sponsorships:. (888) 933-2442. 
Chelsea Piers: Pier Sixty. Event address: 23rd St. at the Hudson River, New York. 
Tags: Gala Association. 
EXPAND 
UJA-Federation of New York 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Digital Media and Marketing and Communications Dinner Cocktails and program. Business attire. Honoring Tim 
Armstrong, Jack Haber. The Pierre Hotel. New York. (212) 836-1853. 
Event address: 2 East 61st St., New York. Event web address: ujafedny.org. 
Tags: Dinner Association. 
EXPAND 
amfAR 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Annual Inspiration Gala 7:00 pm. Cocktails, presentations, runway show, dinner, live auction and performances by Liza 
Minnelli and Jennifer Hudson. ""Black Tie, Hot Metal,"" theme. Honoring James Franco,Michael Kors. Chaired by Klaus 
Bisenbach, Larry Boland,R. Martin Chavez, Ph.D, Paolo Diacci,Adam Norbury. MoMA - Museum of Modern Art. New 
York. Contact: Wilson Alexander Aguilar. 
Event address: 11 West 53rd Street, New York. Sponsored by Grey Goose,Piaget,Reca Group,Wilhelmina 
Models. Event web address: www.amfar.org/spotlight/event.aspx?id=9522. 
Tags: Gala Health AIDS. 
EXPAND 
GenArt 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012712 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Film Festival Closing Night 7:30 pm. Screenings of ""Hot Dogs & Hand Grenades,"" by Justin Corsbie and ""Salvation 
Boulevard,"" by George Ratliff, followed by after-party and awards presentation at Hiro (88 9th Ave). Visual Arts 
Theater. New York. 
Event address: 333 West 23rd Street, New York. Event web address: genart.org. 
Tags: After party Awards/Awards Shows Screenings Arts Film Arts Visual Arts. 
EXPAND 
Making Books Sing 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Fundraiser 7:30 pm. Beer, brewery tours and light fare. Hosted by Cat Greenleaf, Talib Kweli. Tickets from 
$15.00. Brooklyn Brewery. Brooklyn. Contact: Kimberly Wilson Marshall. 
Event address: 79 North 11th St., Brooklyn. Event web address: makingbookssing.org. 
Tags: Fundraiser Education K-12. 
EXPAND 
Wednesday, June 15, 2011 
Sunrise: 5:25 am Sunset 8:27 pm Moon: 
High: 79 Low: 62 
NYSAE-New York Society of Association Executives  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Installation of Officers & Directors Luncheon 11:30 am. Reception and program. Speaker(s): Dr. Jerry V. 
Teplitz. Tickets from $65.00. Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel. New York. (212) 206-8230. 
Event address: 569 Lexington Ave., New York. Event web address: www.nysaenet.org. 
Tags: Luncheon Association. 
EXPAND 
Women's Forum of New York  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Inaugural Elly Awards 11:30 am. Lunch and program. Hon. chairs: Lucy Jarvis and Muriel Siebert. Hosted by Janice 
Reals Ellig. Speaker(s): Bobbi Brown, Barbara Walters. Honoring Evelyn H. Lauder,Diana Taylor. Chaired by Jane 
Chesnutt,Denise Seegal. Co-chaired by Beth Canavan,Lisa Caputo,Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel. Tickets from 
$300.00. Tables from $5,000.00. The Plaza Hotel. New York. Contact: Rita Crotty. 
Event address: 770 Fifth Ave, New York. Event web address: www.womensforumny.org. 
Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Fundraiser Luncheon Education Adult. 
EXPAND 
Hike for Heroes  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Reception Ceremony. Business casual attire. Chaired by Mitchell B. Modell. Tickets from $140.00. Sheraton New 
York Hotel & Towers. New York. Contact: Lindsay Carlton. 
Event address: 811 Seventh Ave., New York. Sponsored by Modell's Sporting Goods. Event web address: 
www.wishuponahero.com/hike-for-heroes/cocktail-party. 
Tags: Reception Civic Family/Social Services. 
EXPAND 
UJA-Federation of New York 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Annual Trust & Estates Event 6:00 pm. Cocktail reception, followed by program and dessert. Business 
attire. Honoring Ronald J. Stein. Tickets from $650.00. Hilton New York. New York. Contact: Meredith 
Waltzer. 
Event address: 1335 Avenue of the Americas, New York. Event web address: ujafedny.org. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012713 
Tags: Cocktail party Association. 
EXPAND 
UJA-Federation of New York 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
General Insurance Dinner Business attire. Honoring Kevin Kelley, Stephen P. McGill. Chaired by Joseph Boren. Grand 
Hyatt New York. New York. Contact: Loni Kraut. 
Event address: Park Ave. at Grand Central Terminal, New York. Event web address: ujafedny.org. 
Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Dinner Association. 
EXPAND 
UNICEF-United Nations Children's Fund  
PRINT I TWEET  
Next Gen Photo Benefit 6:30 pm. Cocktails, hors d'oeuvres and silent auction. Tickets from $40.00. Phillips de Pury. 
Event address: 450 Park Avenue,. Event web address: www.unicefusa.org/about/special-events/nextgen/photo-
exhibit.html. 
Tags: Auction Cocktail party Child Advocacy. 
EXPAND 
RIOULT Dance Company  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Gala 7:00 pm. Performance and dinner. Honoring Robert Cole,Harsha Murthy. Tickets from $350.00. Joyce 
Theater. New York. 
Event address: 175 Eighth Ave., New York. 
Tags: Benefit Performance Gala Arts Performing Arts. 
EXPAND 
Thursday, June 16, 2011 
Sunrise: 5:25 am Sunset 8:27 pm Moon: 
High: 79 Low: 62 
New York Building Congress  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Reception for Speaker Christine C. Quin 8:00 am. Breakfast. Hosted by Richard Anderson, Joseph Mizzi,Frank J. 
Sciame. Tickets from $500.00. Sciame Organizations. New York. Contact: Anne Mullaly Weir. 
Event address: 14 Wall Street, New York. Event web address: newyorkbuildingcongress.com. 
Tags: Breakfast Speakers Fundraiser Association Politics Democratic. 
EXPAND 
UJA-Federation of New York 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Music Visionary Luncheon Reception and program. Honoring Jody Gerson, Jon Platt. The Pierre Hotel. New 
York. Contact: Steven Singer. 
Event address: 2 East 61st St., New York. Event web address: ujafedny.org. 
Tags: Luncheon Association. 
EXPAND 
Jewish Enrichment Center  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
2011 Grand Reception 5:30 pm. VIP reception, cocktails, dinner and presentation. Speaker(s): President George H.W. 
Bush. Honoring Craig A. Rothfeld,Stephen Siegel, An J. Storch. Gotham Hall. New York. (212) 889-5532. 
Event address: 1356 Broadway, New York. Event web address: jeconline.com/dinner. 
Tags: Fundraiser Reception Faith Jewish. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012714 
EXPAND 
Professional Women In Construction  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Networking Event 5:30 pm. Cocktails and dinner. Speaker(s): Michele Medaglia. Tickets from $80.00. Club 
101. New York. 
Event address: 101 Park Ave., New York. Event web address: pwcusa.org. 
Tags: Dinner Discussion Networking Association. 
EXPAND 
Asian American Business Development Center  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Tenth Anniversary Outstanding 50 Award Gala 6:00 pm. Cocktails, dinner and program. Co-chaired by Shaokao 
Cheng,Miguel Centeno,Joyce Chang,Renaud Dutreil,Edward Goldberg, Jim Hirani, Allan Huy, Peter Hwang, Eugene Kelly, 
Catherine Lee, Walter Shay. Waldorf=Astoria. New York. (212) 966-0100. 
Event address: 301 Park Avenue, New York. Event web address: www.outstanding50award.com. 
Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Dinner Gala Association Economic Development. 
EXPAND 
Songwriter's Hall of Fame  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
42nd Annual Dinner and 2011 Induction Ceremony 6:00 pm. Cocktails and awards presentation. New York Marriott 
Marquis. New York. (914) 579-1000. 
Event address: 1535 Broadway, New York. 
Tags: Awards/Awards Shows Dinner Arts Performing Arts. 
EXPAND 
Voices Against Brain Cancer  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Sixth Annual Sounding Off for a Cure Concert 6:00 pm. Performances. Hammerstein Ballroom. New York City. 
Event address: 311 West 34th Street, New York City. 
Tags: Concert Fundraiser Health Cancer. 
EXPAND 
Catholic Charities - Archdiocese of New York 
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Third Annual Junior Board Gala Cocktails, hors d'oeuvres, gaming, and entertainment. ""Casino Night,"" theme. Cocktail 
attire. Chaired by Stephanie Bagley,Timothy Spelman. Co-chaired by Sean Gorman,Christine Keith. Tickets from 
$125.00. Buy Tickets. Providence. New York. Contact: Kathleen McGowan. 
Event address: 311 West 57th St., New York. Fax: (212) 755-1526. Event web address: 
www.catholiccharitiesny.org/get-involved/junior-board/. 
Tags: Cocktail party Fundraiser Association Faith Christian. 
EXPAND 
Fort Tryon Park Trust  
PRINT I TWEET  
Sunset on the Hudson 6:30 pm. Cocktails at the New Leaf Café, followed by dinner on the David Rockefeller Linden 
Terrace. Festive attire. Honoring Bette Midler,New York Restoration Project. Chaired by Edith Kean. Tables from 
$10,000.00. Fort Tryon Park. Contact: Jennifer Hoppa. 
Event address: Northern Manhattan,. Event web address: 
www.forttryonparktrust.org/sunset on the hudson gala.html. 
Tags: Cocktail party Dinner Fundraiser Environmental. 
EXPAND 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012715 
Make-A-Wish Foundation of Metro NY  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Annual Gala ""An Evening of Wishes"" Cocktails, dinner and program. Business Attire. Honoring Michael Delaney,James 
B. Lee, Jr. Co-chaired by Frank Bisignano,Thomas A. Roberts. Cipriani Wall Street. New York. Contact: Amy 
Epstein. 
Event address: 55 Wall St., New York. Event web address: metrony.wish.org. 
Tags: Gala Health Cancer Health Pediatrics. 
EXPAND 
Persol  
PRINT I TWEET  
Magnificent Obsessions: 30 Stories of Craftsmanship in Film Exhibition opening. Invitation only. Honoring Milena 
Canonero,Terry Gilliam,Sir Ben Kingsley. Center 548. New York. Contact: Gina Sevilla. 
Event address: 548 West 22nd Street, New York. 
Tags: Exhibition Opening. 
EXPAND 
Wounded Warriors Family Support Initiative  
PRINT I TWEET  
Special Event 6:30 pm. Cocktails and entertainment, with special performance by The Roots. Speaker(s): Captain Paul 
Bud Bucha. Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum. New York. 
Event address: 1 Intrepid Square, Pier 86, 46th St. at 12th Ave., New York. Event web address: 
woundedwarriorsinitiative.com/event.php#roots. 
Tags: Fundraiser Civic. 
EXPAND 
Worldwide Orphans Foundation  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Matt Blesso's Third Annual Birthday Celebration 7:00 pm. Cocktails. Hosted by Dr. Jane Aronson,Amy Poehler. Tickets 
from $75.00. Private Location. 
Event web address: www.wwo.org. 
Tags: Cocktail party Fundraiser Child Advocacy. 
EXPAND 
Actors Fund  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Benefit Performance 8:00 pm. ""Zarkana, Cirque du Soleil"". Tickets from $125.00. Radio City Music Hall. New 
York. Contact: Stephen Joseph. 
Event address: 1260 Ave. of the Americas, New York. Event web address: actorsfund.org. 
Tags: Benefit Performance Rally/March Arts Performing Arts. 
EXPAND 
Friday, June 17, 2011 
Sunrise: 5:25 am Sunset 8:27 pm Moon: 
High: 79 Low: 62 
Action Against Hunger  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
Spanish Wine Festival 6:30 pm. Culinary and wine tastings. Hosted by PJ Wine. Metropolitan Pavilion. New 
York. (212) 967-7800. 
Event address: 125 West 18th St., New York. Event web address: www.actionagainsthunger.org. 
Tags: Tasting Wine Tasting Social Services Food Banks. 
EXPAND 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012716 
New York Child Learning Institute / Phoenix Center Inc  
PRINT I MAP I TWEET  
2011 Annual Black Tie Affair & Auction Cocktails, dinner and program. Black tie attire. Invitation only. Hosted by 
Knights of York. Honoring Dr. Joan Fallon,Bob Hurley, Carol Laurenzano,Jim Watkins,Lauren Thierry Watkins. Chaired 
by Declan Connolly. Co-chaired by Thomas J. Petersen.  Tickets from $275.00. United Nations Delegates Dining  
Room. New York. Contact: Aimee Demilia Newsham. 
Event address: United Nations Building, First Ave. at 45th St., New York. Fax: (201) 485-8523. Event web address: 
www.knightsofyork.org. 
Tags: Auction Gala Association Education K-12. 
EXPAND 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 012717 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011897.txt,"/ BARAK / 140

program back by years. And even if the Iranians knew it was coming, they’d be
able to do nothing to stop it.

“Our problem, Mr, President,” I said, “is that we can’t be sure our friend will
show up. Since Iran is already very nearly in a zone of immunity against an Israeli
attack, we can’t afford to wait until the afternoon. By then, with our capabilities,
we won’t even be able to give the bully a black eye.” I said I trusted what he’d just
told me. “I’m sure it genuinely reflects your intentions now. But there are no
futures contracts in statesmanship. There’s no way that you, or any leader, can
commit yourself to what will happen in a year or two. When the moment of
decision arrives, nothing will be able to free you from the responsibility to look at
the situation as it is then, with American interests in mind.”

He accepted the point. But he reiterated his view that “kinetic action” — US
security-speak for a military strike — would not only remove his ability to exhaust
the non-military alternatives. He said it wouldn’t be in Israel’s interests, either.
“We hear that even people high up in your military, in military intelligence and the
Mossad, are against it.”

That, I couldn’t deny. “We highly respect our top people in the military, and in
intelligence. We make a point of listening to them before taking action,” I said.
“But here’s the difference. When they look up, they see Netanyahu, or me. When
Bibi and I look up, we see heaven. Whoever is up there, we clearly can’t go to
them for advice. We are responsible for Israel’s security.”

The president smiled, but brought the discussion back down to earth. When he
again urged us to consider the American position in any decision, I replied: “Mr
President, I feel compelled to tell you frankly how I see the situation. We highly
appreciate, and are grateful, that America supports Israel in so many ways. I
believe we’re doing our best to support American interests in the Middle East as
well. But when it comes to issues critical for the security and future of Israel, and
in a way for the future of the Jewish people, we can’t afford to delegate
responsibility even to our best friend and ally. When we face such situations, we
have to decide on our own, and act on our decisions. I would expect the United
States, and you as its president, to respect that position.” He did not seem
especially happy with what I’d said. But he showed no anger. Though we differed,
it was clear that he understood and respected our position. In any case, I believed it

426
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011897
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029706.txt,"party. So let’s clear the air right now,
well before the festivities. Before we get
to the matter of coalition politics, which
is very much on our minds right now as
Netanyahu struggles to put together a
government, let us consider the other
negative part of the Peres legacy: his stint
as Defense Minister under Prime Minister
Yitzhak Rabin from 1974 to 1977. Today
Peres is widely respected as the architect
of the Oslo Accord of 1993, achieved
while he was Foreign Minister. It was the
first political move toward a settlement
between Israel and the Palestinians, and
Peres deserves huge credit for securing
the agreement. However, two decades
earlier, as Defense Minister, he supported
the Jewish settlement project in the
newly-conquered Palestinian territories,
both overtly and covertly. Not for
nothing did Rabin label Peres in his
memoirs as “an indefatigable intriguer.”
In 1975, while Rabin was doing his
utmost to prevent the settlement of Elon
Moreh, near Nablus, Peres continuously
sabotaged his efforts. After no less than
eight settlement attempts, which were
ruled illegal by Israel’s Supreme Court, a
“compromise” was reached, and Elon
Moreh was established five kilometers to
the east of the original site. Moreover,
during the furor over Elon Moreh,
Defense Minister Peres quietly facilitated
the creation of Ofra, near Ramallah.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029706
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010551.txt,"'‘ATTERSON

a different. But they were not

must be based on admissible
1 cases of this type, those are
e victims are frightened and
‘ they do speak, they give con-
‘judgment in this case, based
-he time, was that it was better
time in jail, register as a sex
ms restitution than risk a trial
1 of success. 1 supported that
on the state law as it then stood
- the time, I would support that

hile in state custody, likewise
hat the office should have been
rms of confinement in a state
priately left to the State of Flor-
rities, without doubt, the treat-
le in state custody undermined
nce.

ve that the prosecution should
iliation for the defense’s tactics.

ften failed to negotiate in good j

concessions as part of a negotla-

d, only to change their minds, q
sition to Washington. The inves a
lives of individual prosecutors |

alled for, as were the accusallo
t against individual prosecute

210

Fittay Ricw

At times, some prosecutors felt that we should just go to
trial, and at times I felt that frustration myself. What was
right in the first meeting, however, remained right irre-
spective of defense tactics. Individuals have a constitu-
tional right to a defense. The aggressive exercise of that
right should not be punished, nor should a defense coun-
sel’s exercise of their right to appeal a U.S Attorney to
Washington D.C. Prosecutors must be careful not to allow
frustration and anger with defense counsel to influence
their judgment.

After the plea, I recall receiving several phone calls.
One was from the FBI Special Agent-In-Charge. He called
to offer congratulations. He had been at many of the
meetings regarding this case. He was aware of the tactics
of the defense, and he called to praise our prosecutors for
holding firm against the likes of Messrs. Black, Dershow-
itz, Lefkowitz and Starr. It was a proud moment. | also
received calls or communications from Messrs. Dershow-
itz, Lefkowitz and Starr. I had known all three individu-
als previously, from my time in law school and at
Kirkland & Ellis in the mid 90s. They all sought to make
peace. I agreed to talk and meet with each of them after
Epstein pled guilty, as I think it important that prosecu-
tors battle defense attorneys in a case and then move on. I
have tried, yet I confess that this has been difficult to do
fully in this case.

The bottom line is this: Mr. Jeffrey Epstein, a billionaire,

7 Served time in jail and is now a registered sexual offender.
_ He has been required to pay his victims restitution, though
» festitution clearly cannot compensate for the crime. And

211

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010551
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032009.txt,"Susan, Jill and me to a restaurant around the corner. Gordon Gekko hosts a hen party talking about children,
schools, country houses and vacations.

Back on the set Oliver is shooting the actual dinner. Assistant directors ask for volunteers to dance to the live
music. Prince Dimitri twirls and dips Jackie Weld. Kelly Klein, in her own Karl Lagerfeld sheer black organza,
watches from a table with scattered champagne glasses half-filled with apple juice along with her 86-year-old
father, Tulley Rector. Charlie Sheen leaves for LA and Shia is very annoyed he was not introduced to his
hero. Carrie Mulligan, costumed like Audrey Hepburn, chats with us between takes.

The final set up is a long tracking shot of Josh Brolin and his wife as they triumphantly enter the ball. It is
close to 9 p.m. and Lord William Astor arrives to pick me up for Amalia Dayan and Adam Lindemann's dinner
for artists uptown.

Oliver is introduced to William and delights in calling him Lord as he immediately moves him into the top of
the shot and instructs him to tell Eli Wallach, ""We must do lunch"". Ever the proper English gentleman,
William advises Oliver that Lords do not use American slang and improvises his own lines. The tracking shot
continues for numerous takes following Josh and Noelle as every VIP extra gets another shot at instant stardom
with one-line greetings.

At last, “It’s a wrap” is screamed after 10 p.m. Prince Dimitri tells The Wall Street Journal it was, ""a day of
electrifying glamour,"" and “the longest gala of my life. I was in black tie for thirteen hours.”

November 25, Tommy Gun Salon, Ludlow Street, last day of shooting

Donald Trump is on set at 7 a.m. ready for his close up. He is trying to make a mid-day departure on his jet
from Teterboro with wife Melania and son Baron for Thanksgiving weekend in Palm Beach. Back in
September, Oliver had invited Donald Trump to dinner at ""21"" to meet his leading men Josh and Shia so they
could observe New York's most charismatic powerbroker in his natural environment.

The scene is London so the grey skies are perfect. Gekko has moved abroad to make his financial

comeback. The scene opens on the back of his head in a barber's chair as he watches the financial news on TV.
The camera pulls back and Gordon Gekko is finally revealed as the powerful bull he once was in an exquisite
suit and signature slicked-back hair. Donald Trump walks into the shop for a cut and the banter begins about
the money market. From his chair, Donald leans into Michael and suggests a ""comb over"" like his famous

do. Gekko, with a slight grin, says, ""No thanks Donald, I am a gel man.”

The crew is yucking it up and Donald feels great. Paparazzi shoot the whole scene with long lenses from across
the street. The unit publicist is helpless to keep this under wraps. Donald emerges, poses and gives interviews.
Michael comes out, and the press think they have a scoop on the ending. Gekko is back in all his lovable titan
splendor. Full-page photos of Michael and Donald run the next day in the tabloids. Never underestimate Oliver
Stone’s surprise endings.

Twentieth Century Fox releases ""Wall Street 2: The Money Never Sleeps"" on April 23rd and it's got hit written
all over it.

De ee ee eee ee i ee ee ee i ee a

The information contained in this communication is

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032009
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022083.txt,"JAMES PATTERSON

iend says that he had to loan Epstein money

One estranged fr
which had seized Epstein’s car

to pay the pill at Epstein's garage:

for nonpayment.
Another estranged frie

nickels to rub together.
a former model, says

e to his

nd says that Epstein didn't have two

Diana Crane, that Epstein always had
friends so they didn’t

first-class upgrades he would giv

have to fly economy class.
“No one knew where OF

“Sometimes they worked, and ot

how he got them,” Crane recalls.
her times they didn’t. | remem-
saw a friend of mine wearing a Concorde jacket. He asked

My friend never got the

a day or SO.
1d tell people he always flew on the

ber he
if he could borrow it for

jacket back. But Epstein wou
Concorde—a to tal lie.”

But even if Epstein were flu

a big fish to catch.

From the get-go, Meister’s wile,

about Epstein. About the way he pres

he worked himself into their inner circle.
Before long, Wendy was calling Epstein the virus.
But for Epstein, the Meisters weren't the point. Wexner was.

And hard as it is to understand why t
associate with a man who'd worked with a Ponzi king lik

Hoffenberg, it turned out that Wexner and Ep

along perfectly well.

Wendy, had her suspicions

sh, Les Wexner would have been a

ented himself and the way

he billionaire would |
e Steven

stein would get 4

. 4 Ghislaine Maxwell

obert Meister v

‘i Epstein, the bc
9

% social ladder. T
_ heiress from the Unite

q ofthe world’s most gla:
q Maxwell was the '
the most famous— bis
""Robert Maxwell, was
French Foreign Legion
fad gone on to becon
hed become a media
4 th name was Jan L
Gied in disgrace in 19
pide of his supersize y
gy “The shtetl Soloty

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022083
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033567.txt,"From: Nicholas Ribi 
Sent: 2/28/2019 3:03:20 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: DC attorney general subpoenas Trump's inaugural committee 
https://nypost.com/2019/02/27/dc-attorney-general-subpoenas-trumps-inaugural-
committee/?utm_campaign=iosapp&utm_source=message_app 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033567 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030257.txt,"communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030257
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022822.txt,"From: Martin G. Weinberg 
Sent: 8/17/2018 2:48:49 PM 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com 
Subject: Fw: Viceland 
Importance: High 
FYI 
From: Matt Williams  
Sent: Friday, August 17, 2018 10:29 AM 
To: Martin G. Weinberg  
Cc: Tracie Morrissey  
Subject: Re: Viceland 
Hello Marty, 
Just following up on the email I sent you earlier this week requesting comment from Mr Epstein, or a 
representative of his, in regards a number of questions we had. I'm also cc-ing my colleague Tracie, as going 
forward she will be a better point of contact should you or Mr Epstein wish to respond. 
Kind regards, 
Matt 
On 13 August 2018 at 15:15, Matt Williams 
Thank you Marty, 
wrote: 
The questions we wanted to reach out to Mr Epstein for comment are listed below. Feel free to contact me 
on after reviewing. Kind regards - Matt 
A former employee has told us that Donald Trump attended Mr Epstein's Palm Beach estate on at least two occasions. Does Mr 
Epstein recall hosting Donald Trump at that residence? 
On one such occasion, it has been suggested to us that Mr Epstein and Donald Trump watched ""young girls try on bikinis"" while 
making comments on the their bodies."" Does Mr Epstein have any comment? 
How does Mr Epstein respond to claims that women - some under the legal age of sexual consent - were used as ""sex slaves"" at his 
properties? 
A former employee of Mr Epstein has alleged to us that Mr Epstein sexually assaulted her on 
numerous occasions. Does Mr Epstein have a comment? 
Did or does Mr Epstein have cameras inside rooms at his Palm Beach residence? 
Did Mr Epstein remove those cameras before police raided the property as part of the investigation into alleged crimes? Did Mr 
Epstein ever hand over any recordings from any cameras at his properties to the authorities as part of his non-prosecution 
agreement? 
Does Mr Epstein have in his possession any video recordings of Donald Trump taken from inside his Palm Beach estate or any other 
residence? 
Did Mr Epstein hold sex parties at his residences involving girls under the age of sexual consent? Was Donald Trump ever present at 
any of these parties? 
Has Mr Epstein upheld the conditions of his sentencing and registered as a sex offender in all jurisdictions in which he is due to do so? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022822 
Does Mr Epstein have any comment regarding allegations made by a woman named in the media as Virginia Giuffre/Roberts relating 
to her being sexually abused by Mr Epstein or used as a ""sex slave""? 
ENDS 
On 13 August 2018 at 14:52, Martin G. Weinberg________________________wrote: 
If you still want, send the questions. I would talk with you off the record after reviewing them (reserving the right at my 
option to make an on the record statement), hope that works for you. Marty 
From: Matt Williams  
Sent: Saturday, August 11, 2018 12:41 PM 
To: Martin G. Weinberg  
Subject: Re: Viceland 
Hello Martin, 
Thank you for getting back to me. We would be looking for on record comments or a ""no comment"" to our 
questions. But I am certainly happy to have an off record conversation with yourself as well. Perhaps we 
could set up a time to chat briefly off record on Monday before I send you our questions for Mr Epstein? 
Kind regards, 
Matt 
On 11 August 2018 at 11:08, Martin G. Weinberg _______________________Wrote: 
Mr Williams, I am in receipt of your emails to Jackie Percyzk. If you first agree that any communications between you 
and me are off the record, I would be agreeable to receiving your questions or a clip of the episode that relates to Mr 
Epstein. Thanks. 
Martin G Weinberg PC 
20 Park Plaza  
Suite 1000  
Boston. MA 02116 
Tel 
Cel 
Virus-free. www.avast.com  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 022823 
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027828.txt,"Time: 06/28/19 09:56:17 AM (583433777)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D49RE85D-A9F2-425D-A2E9-C625B687E267
Message: Ehud massive-- can we announce I'm his strategic advisor?
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/28/19 09:56:48 AM (583433808)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: D30A2A78-28FD-4DBF-9E99-A53645FD630!

Gl

Elections

Message: This will be a long campaign.
about

sender:

Time: 06/28/19 09:57:06 AM (583433826)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 90CEAE58-2A31-4A1C-9378-BABD28 6AA92B

Message: This is brilliant move

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/28/19 09:57:27 AM (583433847)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

T,

GUID: CA800EC6-F29F-4AEB-BA5D-BB8ADEE4A8 33

Message: thx. only the first step.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/28/19 09:58:16 AM (583433896)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

a5

GUID: A313F83E-739A-40A3-BCFF-64EBO11BEFF9

in sept

(

17

). Lots to talk

Message: Now you can understand why trump wakes up in the middle of the night sweating

when he hears you and I are friends

Time: 06/28/19 10:15:24 AM (583434924)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027828
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033187.txt,"From: Robert Lawrence Kuhn Po

Sent: 11/9/2016 1:46:11 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Shocked in Beijing

Importance: — High

You are a prophet...

I was just with senior leaders in Beijing...

I’11 be discussing China-U.S. relations under “President Trump” with the former Chinese Ambassador to the
U.S on CCTV News (“Closer To China”), broadcast in China and internationally (NY - “CCTV News” channel) -
Saturday at 8:30 pm and Sunday at 8:30 am New York time. Not an interview - we will each question each
other.

we’re playing in new territory here. There may be some contributions we can make.. To be discussed
privately. I return to Los Angeles on Nov. 17, but dont get to NY until Dec. 24, after my next trip to
Beijing.

Robert

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033187
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030636.txt,"From: Linda Stone ay

Sent: 9/25/2016 7:10:59 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Moving (small places in Raleigh and Bellevue), wrapping up taxes, wrapping up fire claim, trying to figure out
if technologies that soothe the nervous system (that offer the positive effects that meditation or massage might

offer) are worth working on....

And wondering if the fact that so many people are on anti-depressant, adhd, and other drugs, is what makes

trump appealing and his flaws invisible...
Will you have a cabinet position?
How are you?

Co-authored with iPhone auto-correct

On Sep 25, 2016, at 12:01 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

bring me up to speed.

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030636
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024093.txt,"can be given that the IRS will agree with the description of the U.S. federal income tax
consequences described above. No rulings have been or will be requested from the IRS.
Furthermore, any changes in the principal agreements relating to the Fund or the operations of
the Fund could affect the tax consequences described above.

Consultation with Tax Advisors - The description of U.S. tax matters set forth above is not
intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. It does not address all of the U.S. federal
income tax consequences to investors in the Fund, and does not address any of the foreign,
state, local, estate or other tax consequences of such investment to any investor, except as
otherwise specifically provided. Each prospective investor in the Fund is solely responsible for
all tax consequences to that person or entity of an investment in the Fund. Each prospective
investor is advised to consult its own tax counsel as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences
attributable to acquiring, holding and disposing of an Limited Partner Interest and as to
applicable foreign, state, local, estate or other taxes. The effect of existing U.S. income tax laws
and treaties, the tax laws of other jurisdictions to which an investor may be subject, and possible
changes in such laws and treaties (including proposed changes which have not yet been
adopted) will vary with the particular circumstances of each investor.

CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

ERISA governs the investment of assets of ERISA Plans that may be investors, directly or
indirectly, in the Fund. ERISA, the regulations under ERISA issued by the United States
Department of Labor (the “DOL”) and opinions and other authority issued by the DOL and the
courts provide guidance that should be considered by fiduciaries of ERISA Plans prior to
investing in the Fund.

The following discussion of certain ERISA considerations is based on statutory authority and
judicial and administrative interpretations as of the date hereof and is designed only to provide
a general understanding of the basic issues. Accordingly, this discussion should not be
considered legal advice and the trustees and other fiduciaries of each ERISA Plan are
encouraged to consult their own legal advisors on these matters.

Fiduciary Duty of Investing Plans

A fiduciary considering investing assets of an Employee Plan (“plan assets”) in the Fund should
consult its legal adviser before making such an investment. Before authorizing an investment in
the Fund, any such fiduciary should, after considering the Employee Plan’s particular
circumstances, be satisfied that the investment of such plan assets in the Fund is appropriate
under the fiduciary standards of ERISA, including standards with respect to prudence,
diversification and compliance with the governing documents of the Employee Plan and its
related trust and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the Code.

Plan Assets
ERISA and the regulation issued by the DOL at 29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-101, as modified or deemed to
be modified by ERISA (the “Plan Assets Regulation”), define the term “plan assets” as applied

to entities in which a plan invests, directly or indirectly, such as the Fund. The Plan Assets
Regulation provides that when an ERISA Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity, and such

82 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024093
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024968.txt,"11

ordeal of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq and the long occupation
that followed. Had the United States been successful in Iraq, Syria
would have been the next target, as pro-Israel neocons, the main
architects of the Iraq war, had intended. Syria was then confronted by
the 2005 Lebanese crisis, triggered by the assassination of former
prime minister Rafik Hariri. Syrian forces were ousted from Lebanon
and the Assad regime threatened with extinction by the combined
pressures of the United States and France.

There is also a much older memory that still hangs like a dark cloud --
that of the massacres at Hama in central Syria in 1982. It was then
that Hafez al-Assad put down, with great violence, an armed
insurrection by the Muslim Brothers. Beginning in 1977, this Islamic
group had launched a series of terrorist attacks against the regime,
murdering several of the president’s close associates and eventually
seizing control of Hama, where they killed Ba’ath Party and
government officials. The regime regained control of the town, but
only after a bloodbath in which between 10,000 and 20,000 people
lost their lives.

Thirty years later, some Islamists still dream of revenge, while
minorities such as the Alawites fear that if the regime were to fall,
they would be massacred in turn. Emerging from underground, the
Muslim Brothers have now called on the people to join the protests.
The cry for freedom risks being drowned by sectarian strife.

Such has been Bashar al-Assad’s harsh apprenticeship. He has had to
surmount a series of regime-threatening crises much like those his
father confronted in his time. Both Assads felt some satisfaction at
managing to survive them and thus provide Syria with a measure of
stability and security, especially compared with Iraq and Lebanon.
There was, however, a price to pay. Having to live and survive in a
hostile environment inevitably conferred great powers on the security
services, guardians of the regime -- to the increasing resentment of

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024968
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017839.txt,"774

tacks, consisting of one speech in United
States, and handful of investments in Unit-
ed States through banks with which he
was affiliated, were not sufficiently sys-
tematic and continuous for general person-
al jurisdiction in Antiterrorism Act (ATA)
action by survivors of victims of attacks.
18 U.S.C.A. § 2381 et seq.

61. Federal Courts <76.20, 86

Even assuming that district court had
personal jurisdiction over Saudi Arabian
financial institutions in Antiterrorism Act
(ATA) action by survivors of victims of
September 11, 2001 attacks, Saudi Arabian
Prince’s position as officer of such institu-
tions was not basis for personal jurisdic-
tion over him, where there was no allega-
tion he had knowledge or involvement in
any al Qaeda accounts at any banks he
chaired. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2331 et seq.

62. Courts €-12(2.20)

The mere fact that a corporation is
subject to jurisdiction in New York does
not mean that individual officers may be
hauled before New York courts without
any showing that the individuals them-
selves maintained a presence or conducted
business in New York.

63. Federal Courts <-96

Even assuming that name of founder
of Saudi Arabian company appeared in
“Golden Chain,” which allegedly listed ear-
ly direct donors to al Qaeda, such list was
insufficient to establish personal jurisdic-
tion in Antiterrorism Act (ATA) action by
survivors of victims of September 11, 2001
attacks, absent indications of who wrote
list, when it was written, or for what pur-
pose it was written. 18 U.S.C.A. § 2831 et
seq.

64. Federal Courts 96

Appearance of Saudi Arabian watch
retailer’s name in “Golden Chain,’ which
allegedly listed early direct donors to al

349 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT, 2d SERIES

Qaeda, was insufficient to establish person-
al jurisdiction in Antiterrorism Act (ATA)
action by survivors of victims of Septem-
ber 11, 2001 attacks, inasmuch as list did
not establish his involvement in terrorist
conspiracy culminating in attacks and did
not demonstrate that he purposefully di-
rected his activities at United States. 18
U.S.C.A. § 2331 et seq.

65. Federal Courts =97

Limited discovery would be permitted,
at dismissal stage of Antiterrorism Act
(ATA) action by survivors of victims of
September 11, 2001 attacks, with regard to
whether Saudi Arabian bank’s contacts
with United States were sufficient for ex-
ercise of personal jurisdiction consistent
with due process, inasmuch as contacts,
including former presence of  bank’s
branch office and subsidiary in United
States, bank’s instigation of lawsuit in
United States, and its advertisements in
United States publications, when taken to-
gether, might establish personal jurisdic-
tion. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 5; 18
U.S.C.A. § 2331 et seq.; Fed.Rules Civ.
Proc.Rule 12(b)(1), 28 U.S.C.A.

66. Federal Courts ¢=94

Allegations of survivors of victims of
September 11, 2001 attacks were insuffi-
cient to establish personal jurisdiction over
director of charity in Antiterrorism Act
(ATA) action, inasmuch as complaint did
not contain any specific actions by director
from which district court could infer that
he purposefully directed his activities at
United States, his affiliations with entities
that were alleged to have United States
contacts would not sustain jurisdiction, and
his being shareholder in United States
company was not sufficient for jurisdiction.
18 U.S.C.A. § 2331 et seq.

67. Federal Courts <=94
Allegations of survivors of victims of
September 11, 2001 attacks were insuffi-

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017839
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031528.txt,"please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031528
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023924.txt,"178 Teaching Minds

Rule #5: No homework unless that homework is to produce
something.

Now let’s have a look at mistake #6.

Mistake #6: Thinking that because students have chosen to take
your course, they have an interest in learning what you plan to
teach them

Professors who typically teach courses that students have chosen
voluntarily to take generally are under the illusion that students have
come to the course hoping to learn what they intend to teach. Noth-
ing could be further from the truth. Unless you are teaching human
sexuality or how to get a job, or abnormal psychology, you generally
can expect that students have very little interest in the content you
are about to share and a great interest in the grade you eventually are
going to give them. The reason for this is simple enough. Professors
are teaching a subject.

Subject, in the university world, is a euphemism for profession.
The profession of English professors is something other than teaching
English—it is being a professional in some subspecialty in literature
or some allied field. Similarly, a professor of psychology has an area of
research within psychology that is his real profession. When a profes-
sor teaches, he is teaching how things work in his profession and he
is teaching the basics of being in that profession. The percentage of
undergraduates in a class that actually want to enter the profession
of the professors is very small. Most have no intention whatsoever of
entering the profession of the professors. So, they recognize instantly
that what they are learning is very unlikely to be of use to them in
their later lives. Some take it seriously anyway and some don’t. But for
the most part students really aren’t much interested in what a profes-
sor is teaching.

They don’t listen and they don’t do what you ask them to do. Why
not? They may be lazy, but that isn’t the real reason. It may be true
that they are taking four other classes, but that also isn’t the real rea-
son. The real reason has to do with the inherent value of work, which
is one of the real issues in the transformation from subject-based edu-
cation to cognitive process-based education. Students can feel, rightly,
that they have read enough Dickens or have solved enough equations

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023924
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025195.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/28/2017 11:43:17 PM 
To: LHS _____________________________ 
Subject: Re: Is Donald still feeling good 
Importance: High 
your world does not understand how dumb he really is. he will blame everyone around him. for bad results. 
. gary cohn in good place. . as is jared. all others , not long for this world.. intresting argument whether 
using whats app is obstruction of justice. deletes after sending. ? 
On Sun, May 28, 2017 at 7:36 PM, LHS <W> wrote: 
More would represent Donald if Kaslowitz out of picture. Not surprising, very hard to be law firm 
representing POTUS and know what to do when potus lies to u. 
My world thinks poorly of Gorelick for representing Jared. 
How guilty is Donald? 
Of crudity surely 
Of gross ignorance surely 
Of being utterly without the intellect temperament for job surely 
Of being over line on family profiting very likely 
Of gross disregard for appearances almost surely. 
Of Russians having financial leverage. Less clear 
Of Russians helping in. Election w complicity of his campaign plausible but not certain 
Strikes me if u work for Donald u don't free lance so he is guilty of whatever his campaign did. 
Do u agree w foregoing? 
Sent from my iPad 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com  
From: jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Sent: Sunday, May 28, 2017 7:28 PM 
Subject: Re: Is Donald still feeling good 
To: LHS < 
wild, there will be some changes this week.. funny but kaslowitz is getting turned down repeatedly, by 
firms unwilling to represent donald. 
On Sun, May 28, 2017 at 7:22 PM, LHS < > wrote: 
R u still plugged in to the show? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025195 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 025196 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020864.txt,"The Original Estimates of Medicare’s Costs

Were Vastly Underestimated

* In 1965, the official estimate of Medicare’s costs was $500 million per year,
roughly $3 billion in 2005 dollars.*

* The actual cost of Medicare has turned out to be 10x that estimate.

- Medicare’s actual net loss (tax receipts + trust fund interest — expenditures)
has exceeded $3 billion (adjusted for inflation) every year since 1976 and
was $146 billion in 2008 alone. In other words, had the original estimate been
accurate, the cumulative 43-year cost since Medicare was created would
have been $129 billion, adjusted for inflation.

- In fact, the actual cumulative spending has been $1.4 trillion** (adjusted for
inflation)...in effect, 10x over budget.

* While calculations have been flawed from the beginning for some of USA Inc.’s
entitlement programs, little has been done to correct the problems.

An accurate economic forecast might have sunk Medicare.
David Blumenthal and James Morone

“The Lessons of Success — Revisiting the Medicare Story”, November 2008

Sources: * Lyndon B. Johnson Library & Museum. Medicare spending data per White House OMB.
“Dept. of Health & Human Services, CMS, data adjusted for inflation based on BEA’s GDP price index.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts 45

Many Leaders Have Voiced Concerns About

Entitlement Program Math / Spending

The entitlement programs are not self-funded...they are unfunded
liabilities. They are the single biggest component of spending going
forward.

-- Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Testimony before House Budget Committee, June 9, 2010

The time we have is growing short...there are serious questions, most
immediately about the sustainability of our commitment to growing
entitlement programs.

-- Paul Volcker, Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve

Chairman of President Obama’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board
Speech at Stanford University, May 18, 2010

KP
a USA Inc. | High Level Thoughts 46

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020864
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032021.txt,"When shopping at Amazon, please be sure |
to shop using Amazon Smile, and select
AICE as your chosen charity. Its an easy

way to help out, and a portion of your
purchase supports our projects.

Click Here to Donate Today

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032021
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010579.txt,"block federal prosecution of Epstein. Nor did the FBI notify E.W. and L.M. of any of the parts of
the: plea agreement. Nor did the FBI or other federal authorities confer with E.W. and L.M.
about the plea. See id.

30. In 2008, Edwards believed in good faith that criminal prosecution of Epstein was
extremely important to his clients E.W. and L.M. and that they desired to be consulted by the
FBI and/or other representatives of the federal government about the prosecution of Epstein.
The letters that they had received around January 10, 2008, suggested that a criminal
investigation of Epstein was on-going and that they would be contacted before the federal
government reached any final resolution of that investigation. See id.

Edwards Agrees to Serve_as Legal Counsel for Three Victims of Epstein’s Sexual
Assaults

31. Tn about April 2008, Bradley J. Edwards, Esq., was a licensed attorney in Florida,
practicing as a sole practitioner. As a former prosecutor, he was well versed in civil cases that
involved criminal acts, including sexual assaults. Three of the many girls Epstein had abused —
L.M., E.W., and Jane Doe - all requested that Edwards represent them civilly and secure
appropriate monetary damages against Epstein for repeated acts of sexual abuse while they were
minor girls. Two of the girls (L.M. and E.W.) also requested that Edwards represent them in
connection with a concern that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and U.S. Attorney’s
Office might be arranging a plea bargain for the criminal offenses committed by Epstein without
providing them the legal rights to which they were entitled (including the right to be notified of

plea discussions and the right to confer with prosecutors about any plea arrangement). See

14

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010579
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019285.txt,"Freedom House

1. Vladimir Frolov, “Rise and Fall of Surkov's Sovereign Democracy,” Moscow Times, May 13, 2013, https://themoscowtimes.com/arti-
cles/rise-and-fall-of-surkovs-sovereign-democracy-23891.

2. Marlene Laruelle, The ‘Russian World’: Russia's Soft Power and Geopolitical Imagination (Washington: Center on Global Interests,
May 2015), http://globalinterests.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/FINAL-CGI_Russian-World_Marlene-Laruelle.pdf.

3. Denis Cenusa, Michael Emerson, Tamara Kovziridze, and Veronika Movchan, “Russias Punitive Trade Policy Measures towards
Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia,” CEPS Working Document no. 400, September 2014, https://www.ceps.eu/publications/rus-
sia%E2%80%99s-punitive-trade-policy-measures-towards-ukraine-moldova-and-georgia.

4. Laruelle, The ‘Russian World.’

5. Peter Pomerantsey, “Russia and the Menace of Unreality,” Atlantic, September 9, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/
archive/2014/09/russia-putin-revolutionizing-information-warfare/379880/.

6. Freedom in the World 2016 (New York: Freedom House, 2016), https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/free-
dom-world-2016.

7. Jill Dougherty and Riina Kaljurand, Estonia's ‘Virtual Russian World’: The Influence of Russian Media on Estonia's Russian Speakers
(Tallinn: International Centre for Defence and Security [RKK ICDS], October 2015), http://www.icds.ee/publications/article/esto-
nias-virtual-russian-world-the-influence-of-russian-media-on-estonias-russian-speakers-1/.

Ibid.

9. Juhan Kivirahk, Integrating Estonia's Russian-Speaking Population: Findings of National Defense Opinion Surveys (Tallinn: RKK ICDS,

December 2014), https://www.icds.ee/fileadmin/media/icds.ee/failid/Juhan_Kivirahk_- Integrating Estonias Russian-Speaking_

Population.pdf.

10. TASS, “Foreign Ministry Says Latvian Ban of Russian TV Channel Violates Freedom of Speech,” Meduza, April 8, 2016, https://medu-
za.io/en/news/2016/04/08/foreign-ministry-says-latvian-ban-of-russian-tv-channel-violates-freedom-of-speech.

11. Laruelle, The ‘Russian World.’

12. Andrii Klymenko, Human Rights Abuses in Russian-Occupied Crimea (Washington: Atlantic Council and Freedom House, 2015),
https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-reports/human-rights-abuses-russian-occupied-crimea#.WA-iD_krK70.

13. David Blair, “Russian Forces ‘Practiced Invasion of Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden,” Telegraph, June 26, 2015, http://
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11/702328/Russian-forces-practised-invasion-of-Norway-Finland-Den-
mark-and-Sweden.html.

14. See for example “Russia Launches Large-Scale Naval Drill in Black Sea Same Day as NATO,” RT, July 4, 2014,
https://www.rt.com/news/170540-black-sea-russia-drill/.

15. Luke Harding, “Georgia Angered by Russia-Abkhazia Military Agreement,” Guardian, November 24, 2014,
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/25/georgia-russia-abkhazia-military-agreement-putin.

16. Adrian Croft, “Russia Could Soon Run Multiple Ukraine-Sized Operations: U.S. General,” Reuters, January 16, 2015, http://Awww.
reuters.com/article/us-nato-russia-idUSKBNOKP1F620150116.

17. lan Traynor, “Putin Claims Russian Forces ‘Could Conquer Ukraine Capital in Two Weeks,” Guardian, September 2, 2014, https://
www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/02/putin-russian-forces-could-conquer-ukraine-capital-kiev-fortnight.

18. Jeffrey Simpson, “Why Russia's Neighbors Are Getting Nervous,” Globe and Mail, September 5, 2014, http://www.theglobeandmail.
com/opinion/why-russias-neighbours-are-getting-nervous/article20346364/.

www.freedomhouse.org 51

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019285
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020404.txt,"Ze

CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Fugitive

1. “If I end up in chains...” Snowden video on Guardian
site. June 17, 2013,
//www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/jul/17/edward-
snowden-video-interview

2. “Insert an encrypted key...”--...”-- Barton Gellman,
“Code name ‘Verax’: Snowden, in exchanges with Post
reporter, made clear he knew risk.” Washington Post, June
9, 2013

3. “I can’t help him evade...”—Gellman quoted in “The
Snowden Saga, Vanity Fair. op.cit

4.” Asked Fidel Narvaez...”-- Juan Forero, “Ecuador’s
strange journey from embracing Snowden to turning him
away,” Washington Post, July 2, 2013

5. “My only comment is that...” —Lana Lam, “Whistle-
blower Edward Snowden talks to South China Morning
Post,” South China Morning Post, June 12, 2013

6. “His passage through passport ...”-- Jane Perlez and
Keith Bradsher, “China Said to Have Made Call to Let
Leaker Depart.” New York Times, June 23, 2013

7. “Snowden only met Harrison...”-- Sara Corbett. “How a
Snowdenista Kept the NSA Leaker Hidden in a Moscow
Airport,” Vogue, February 19, 2015

8. “Assange continued creating...”-- Assange interview,
(London) Sunday Times. Giles Whittell, “Julian Assange
unmasked.” Times Magazine, August 29, 2015.

“Three-mile radius...”-- Sara Corbett. “How a Snowdenista Kept
the NSA Leaker Hidden in a Moscow Airport,” Vogue,
February 19, 2015

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020404
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029977.txt,"From: 
Sent 9/28/2012 2:41:02 PM 
To: Lesley Groff 
11111111 
Richard Barnnet ; Louella Rabuyo l; Januiz 
Banasiak ; Rich Kahn 
Derby Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 3:00 Wheels up!! 
Importance: High 
]; Darren Indyke; Francis 
Lesley, 
Please inform JEE, Vice President Biden is in West Palm Beach and is schedule to depart between 5pm and 
6pm today. He parks at Galaxy ramp also in Palm Beach. The airport will be closed between 5pm and 6pm. 
Flight time is 2+21min. 
we'll need wheels up at 4pm or 2pm. Pls advise which time je prefers? 
Thank you, 
Larry 
------Original Message 
From:Tesley Groff 
To: 
To: 
To: 
To: Richard Barnriet 
To: Louella Rabuyo 
To: Januiz Banasiak 
To: Rich Kahn 
To: Darren Indyke 
To: Francis Derby 
Subject: 3:00 Wheels up!! 
Sent: Sep 28, 2012 10:33 AM 
Larry 
3E has moved wheels up to 3pm today! 
LArry, please confirm 
Also, Larry please confirm you will organize pick up in PB upon the arrival today 
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029977 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011667.txt,"would be a “Palestinian state” in Jordan, which would free Israel to retain open-
ended, unchallenged, control of the West Bank.

Even the Labor party, fifteen years into Israel’s occupation of the West
Bank, was still speaking about a “Jordanian option” for an eventual political
settlement with the Palestinians who lived there — though this meant a kind of
confederation with Jordan under Hussein’s rule. Very few Israelis began
seriously to engage with the Palestinians own separate identity or national
aspirations until later in the 1980s — when I, too, would do so, amid the
widespread Palestinian unrest known as the intifada. But even without a fully
thought-out view on these issues, I was taken aback by Arik’s almost godlike
supposition that he could use fire and brimstone, or the modern military
equivalent, to remake the Middle East as he and Begin wished to see it. If only
because of the tacit assumption that the outside world, and especially the
Americans, would sit by and let the whole drama play out as scripted, it struck
me as an exercise in self-delusion.

There was also the matter of Arik’s vision of a “new” Lebanon under Bashir
Gemayel’s Phalangists. Unlike the other generals in the kirya, I’d never actually
met any of our “Lebanese Christian allies”. Yet a few weeks after taking up my
new post, I was invited to a lunchtime discussion with a group of Phalangist
officers on a training course in Israel. I emerged both unsettled and
underwhelmed. They were obviously politically astute. They bandied around
military vocabulary proficiently enough. But they were a bit like teenagers
playing with guns: full of macho, and too much after-shave. Hardly the kind of
“army” I could see as a lynchpin in Arik’s plan to redraw the geopolitical map
of the Middle East.

By June 1982, Arik’s invasion was a war simply waiting for a credible
trigger. On the evening of June 3, Palestinian terrorists shot and critically
wounded Israel’s ambassador in London, Shlomo Argov. Appalling though the
attack was, as a catalyst for a full-scale invasion, it seemed unlikely to be
enough for the Reagan Administration. Habib’s cease-fire terms did not include
terror attacks like the one in London. It was meant to keep the PLO from firing
across our northern border. Even to some Israelis, the attack on Ambassador
Argov seemed more a rationale than a reason for war. But Begin summoned an

196
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011667
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033229.txt,"From: Larry Visoski 
Sent: 3/16/2017 8:35:54 AM 
To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
CC: Lesley Groff 
Subject: Trump TFR Friday RBI 
Jeffrey 
Pres. Trump arrives PBI Friday at 6pm is TFR is effective,. If we land before 6pm we are ok. 
Newark is not a gateway airport to PBI, only Teterboro„ 
If you want to arrive in PBI after 6pm,. I can relocate the GIV to Teterboro, 
What time do you estimate wheels up Friday from Newark? Or should I move plane to Teterboro Friday 
afternoon? 
Thx 
Larry 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033229 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020362.txt,"210

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT

Snowden’s Choices

“Tt is the choices we make that show who we truly are”

J.K Rowling, the Philosopher’s Stone

Whereas Russian authorities had the opportunity to thoroughly debrief Snowden as to his
motive for stealing state secrets, US authorities did not have that opportunity (and it seems
unlikely that they will have it in the foreseeable future.) So Snowden’s motive is a missing part of
the puzzle. It also cannot even be assumed that he had a single consistent motive during the nine-
month course of his illicit copying of documents. Snowden has shown, if nothing else, that he is
adaptable. He may have began taking documents for one reason and found other reasons as he
proceeded in his quest. Many of the circumstances of his probes, contacts, theft and escape
remain disputed by his supporters and shrouded by the secrecy of the NSA. What we do know is
that Snowden made four extraordinary choices during the nine month period in 2013 that speak to
the concerns that may have guided his actions. In the case of a classified intelligence breach, as
in a chess game, the sequence of moves a player makes provides an important clue to his strategy.

The first move that Snowden made in preparation of the Level 3 breach was switching jobs on
March 15th 2013. Snowden chose to leave his job as a system administrator at Dell SecureWorks
to take job at Booz Allen as an analyst-in-training. His motive was not money, as it was a lower-
paying position. At the time, he made this choice he had already set up an encrypted channel with
Laura Poitras for the purpose of sending her secret material. But he did not have to change jobs
to send her secrets. So what was his purpose in making this fateful choice?

The job change was not necessary to expose NSA domestic activities. If he had only wanted to
be a whistle-blower, there were ample documents about the NSA’s activities already available to
him on the NSANet. He also had access at Dell to the administrative file which contained the
FISA court orders issued every three months to Verizon. In addition, as the NSA’s damage
assessment established, before switching jobs Snowden had already taken most of the documents
pertaining to the NSA’s domestic operations that he could have supplied to Poitras and
Greenwald for whistle-blowing purposes. Indeed, while still at Dell, it will be recalled, he had he
had told Poitras he had a copy of Presidential Policy Directive 20, a document in which President
Obama authorized the NSA to tap into fiber cables crossing the United States. Snowden
described it to her as “a kind of martial law for cyber operations, created by the White House.”
True, he took a more recently-issued FISA warrant and PRISM presentation in April after
switching jobs, but he could have just as easily taken the January 2013 version of the FISA
warrant from the administrative file of Dell. It would have had the same explosive effect in the
media.

Nor did he switch jobs to lessen the risk of getting caught. He actually put himself in far greater
jeopardy by switching jobs. At Dell he was relatively safe from apprehension since he could take
documents, such as the above-mentioned Presidential Policy Directive 20, from access points at
the NSA shared by many of his peers. Since these shared access points provided the equivalent of
a common reading room at a library, it would be difficult to trace the theft of any documents
taken from them to a particular user. Indeed, if he just wanted to expose the NSA’s domestic

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020362
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011101.txt,"house they would have bought. They will not have missed a sure-fire investment.
The crash of 2008 showed that houses are risky too. The time to commit to huge and
illiquid investments, as houses are, is after ten or fifteen years of business

experience.

I see no reason why lending banks should not make equity investments too. Loans,
convertible loans and equity investments need the same “due diligence”, or research
into prospects of success and return. All might serve the same clients. “Lending
banks” might simply be investment banks. That’s why splitting of investment banks
and commercial (deposit-and-lend) banks may be a step in the wrong direction. The

key is splitting off deposits.

Macroeconomics in General

Splitting up commercial banks into omnibus funds and depositless lending banks
could change the nature of macroeconomics. Macro has meant the art of maintaining
growth and money value stability at the same time. This has proved mostly a
tightrope walk between inflation and recession. Easy money risks the first, and tight
money the second. My idea is to disconnect the problems of underemployment and
money value instability. If medicine for one has no side effect on the other, each can

be treated more freely.

I would first dissociate money value from money supply. No supply is too large if
money earns competitive returns while we hold it. That was one of the main ideas of
the omnibus fund. Milton Friedman thought my early version of this idea was
anathema. Franco Modigliani liked it fine, but asked tough questions. I'll try to

answer some of them below.

My approach to the problems of underemployment and the business cycle begins

with phasing out deposit-and-lend banks as | described. | more or less agree with

Chapter 8 Banks, Money and Macroeconomics 2/8/16 12

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011101
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029048.txt,"perspective. What particularly interests me about your point of view Steve, to talk
specifically about your work, Breitbart is very close to the tea party movement. So I’m just
wondering whether you could tell me about if in the current flow of contemporary politics
— first tell us a little bit about Breitbart, what the mission is, and then tell me about the
reach that you have and then could you say a little bit about the current dynamic of what’s
going on at the moment in the States.

Bannon: Outside of Fox News and the Drudge Report, we’re the third-largest
conservative news site and, quite frankly, we have a bigger global reach than even Fox.
And that’s why we’re expanding so much internationally.

Look, we believe — strongly — that there is a global tea party movement. We've seen that.
We were the first group to get in and start reporting on things like UKIP and Front
National and other center right. With all the baggage that those groups bring — and trust
me, a lot of them bring a lot of baggage, both ethnically and racially — but we think that
will all be worked through with time.

The central thing that binds that all together is a center-right populist movement of really
the middle class, the working men and women in the world who are just tired of being
dictated to by what we call the party of Davos. A group of kind of — we’re not conspiracy-
theory guys, but there’s certainly — and I could see this when I worked at Goldman Sachs
— there are people in New York that feel closer to people in London and in Berlin than
they do to people in Kansas and in Colorado, and they have more of this elite mentality
that they’re going to dictate to everybody how the world’s going to be run.

I will tell you that the working men and women of Europe and Asia and the United States
and Latin America don’t believe that. They believe they know what’s best for how they will
comport their lives. They think they know best about how to raise their families and how
to educate their families. So I think you're seeing a global reaction to centralized
government, whether that government is in Beijing or that government is in Washington,

DC, or that government is in Brussels. So we are the platform for the voice of that.

“Putin’s ... very, very very intelligent. I can see this in the United States where he’s
playing very strongly to social conservatives about his message about more traditional
values, so I think it’s something that we have to be very much on guard of.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029048
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018825.txt,"Area Analysis 15

USVI Cruise Ship Tourism

2,400,000

2,200,000 -

2,000,000

1,800,000

1,600,000

1,400,000 -

1,200,000

1,000,000 nL nN annUEnnEL ERLE pod
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

~—- Cruise Passenger Arrivals Cruise Visitor Expenditures (Millions)

In terms of stopover tourists, the U.S. Virgin Islands ranks 7"" in the list of the top tourism markets in
the Caribbean, with 2014 stay-over arrivals of about 730,000. The year 2014 indicated modest growth
in arrivals, with 3.90% growth over the prior period. The chart below illustrates the relationship
between arrivals and GDP. We note that the continuing downturn in GDP is likely due to negative
influences outside the tourism sector, such as the 2012 closure of the Hovensa oil refinery in St. Croix.

irep
IGY American Yacht Harbor Marina

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018825
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012868.txt,"circuits that may drive sensation seeking, along with smaller frontal lobe circuits that may minimize their
sensitivity to punishment and the capacity for self-control, these differences are statistical. What
“statistical” means is that if you were to stack up all of the brains with hyperactive dopamine circuits and
smaller frontal lobes into one pile, most, but not all would be from psychopaths. You would also find
psychopaths in the pile of brains showing normal dopamine activity and average-sized frontal lobes.
These brain differences are interesting, but they are not yet like fingerprints, absolutely and uniquely
distinctive and diagnostic of a disorder. Such honesty reveals the challenges we face in answering the
simple question What’s normal?

Lawyers, judges and juries face the same problem as clinicians, often relying upon documents
such as the DSM to determine when someone has acted outside the range of normal behavior. But for
legal cases, there are two relevant layers of the normalcy problem. The first concerns whether the
supposed criminal was sane or insane. An insanity defense requires evidence of a disease or defect of the
mind. It requires evidence that the individual lacked the capacity to appreciate the criminal nature of the
act as well as the capacity to conform. This is the part that relies on the DSM, as well as clinicians who
can testify based on their expertise. The second concerns a more general understanding of what a
prototypical or normal human would or could do in a given situation. The idea seems straightforward
enough, but as I mentioned above, is only deceptively straightforward.

Crimes of passion provide a useful illustration of the challenges we face, especially with respect
to understanding how harm is ignited in the face of moral norms against it. Highlighting the truism that
love makes you crazy, the crime of passion defense is invoked for cases where, in the heat of the moment,
an individual finds and kills his or her spouse in bed with a lover. The defining feature of a crime of
passion is that it was not planned and most people faced with the same situation would act similarly,
unable to control their emotions.

The crime of passion defense seems straightforward. Like autism and psychopathy, however, it
too relies upon a diagnosis of what a prototypical or average person would do in the same situation. This
diagnosis requires an understanding of two difficult mental states: planning and self-control. Planning
involves imagining the future, time traveling to a new world, dreaming up what we might do and how we
might feel. We plan in the short and long term, filling up our mental sticky notes with to-do lists. Self-
control enters into planning because what we imagine for ourselves — what we desire — 1s often
inappropriate or unethical because it harms others or ourselves. As noted in chapters 2 and 3, the capacity
to keep desire in check relies on moral engagement. Moral engagement requires self-control. Moral
disengagement requires denial in order to loosen the grip of self-control and enable desire to have its

way.

Hauser Chapter 4. Wicked in waiting 122

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012868
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031686.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/30/2019 9:43:42 PM 
To: Michael Wolff 
Subject: Re: 
Doesn't everyone 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:41 PM Michael Wolff < L> wrote: 
You have an art guy? 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:40 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
In addition my art guyd said the painting wasn't very good 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:37 PM Michael Wolff < > wrote: 
Starting to smell sweet, the way you put it! 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:35 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
reminder trump overuled congress on yemen. 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:33 PM Michael Wolff <j____________________________k wrote: 
So MBS was paying him off? Why? Ideas? 
On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 5:29 PM J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
is it a coincidence that the russian that bought the house in palm beach and knows all , is the same guy 
that sold a painting last year to mbs for 450 million dollars. that was only worth 1. 5m? 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031686 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031687 
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027196.txt,"Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/03/17 08:23:07 AM (510250987)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AD9435D1-1E1A-4A80-BB09-B5894ADDDA44
Message: not until following week , I will get the scoop

Sender:

Time: 03/03/17 08:23:24 AM (510251004)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 026E7754-2E40-4582-8806-64CC4E8 17131

Message: Roger that Larry is still playing games and bill is still squeezing me

Sender: i

Time: 03/03/17 08:23:30 AM (510251010)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: BF6C137D-ACAC-4108-A5ED-780BACC012E3
Message: Lord have mercy

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/03/17 08:24:08 AM (510251048)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 5A074ESA-04F4-4D6B-9FB8-3EBD2D49F04E

Message: not sure why you don’t just appease larry. as he is the bottleneck, it is silly. you continue to be jerks
around

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/03/17 08:24:31 AM (510251071)

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 00FS5EB19-8B99-408 1-BC95-9B7EF9018E80

Message: what you put on paper is ONLY to get in, stop wasting time.

Sender:

Time: 03/03/17 08:24:41 AM (510251081)

Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: F7F7AB9F-4ECB-4180-8082-175B872304D 1
Message: That's what I told bill

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027196
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014688.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 539-6 Filed 01/06/17 Page 2 of 2

From: <ross@acuityreputation.com>

Date: 2 January 2015 at 20:38

Subject: Ghislaine Maxwell

To: Rossacuity Gow <ross@acuityreputation.com>
bcc: martin.robinson@mailonline.co.uk,
P,Peachey@independent.co.uk,
nick.sommerlad@mirror.co.uk,
david.brown@thetimes.co.uk,
nick.alway@bbec.co.uk,

jo-anne.pugh@bbc.co.uk

To Whom It May Concern,
Please find attached a quotable statement on behalf of Ms Maxwell.

No further communication will be provided by her on this matter.
Thanks for your understanding.

Best

Ross

Ross Gow
ACUITY Reputation

Jane Doe 3 is Virginia Roberts - so not a new individual. The allegations made by Victoria
Roberts against Ghislaine Maxwell are untrue. The original allegations are not new and have
been fully responded to and shown to be untrue.

Each time the story is re told it changes with new salacious details about public figures and
world leaders and now it is alleged by Ms Roberts that Alan Derschowitz is involved in having
sexual relations with her, which he denies.

Ms Roberts claims are obvious lies and should be treated as such and not publicised as news, as
they are defamatory.

Ghislaine Maxwell's original response to the lies and defamatory claims remains the same.
Maxwell strongly denies allegations of an unsavoury nature, which have appeared in the British
press and elsewhere and reserves her right to seek redress at the repetition of such old
defamatory claims.

Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless device

g EXHIBIT
; Mawel] 10
fi

O2-I
(oom es GM_00068

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014688
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015596.txt,"Dated: February 3, 2016

Respectfully submitted,

s/Thomas E. Scott

Thomas E. Scott, FBN 149100
Thomas.scott@csklegal.com
Steven R. Safra, FBN 057028
Steven.safra@csklegal.com
COLE, SCOTT & KISSANE, P.A.
Dadeland Centre II, 14th Floor
9150 South Dadeland Boulevard
Miami, Florida 33156

Phone: (305) 350-5300

Fax: (305) 373-2294

Richard A. Simpson (pro hac vice)
rsimpson@wileyrein.com

Marty E. Borja (pro hac vice)
mborja@wileyrein.com

Ashley E. Eiler (pro hac vice)
aciler@wileyrein.com

Nicole Audet Richardson (pro hac vice)
nrichardson@wileyrein.com
WILEY REIN LLP

1776 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

Phone: (202) 719-7000

Fax: (202) 719-7049

Counsel for Alan M. Dershowitz

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015596
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012408.txt,"=

on mn oo F&F WwW DN

~0929104.TXT
of demeanor. !f you want to have this kind of
demeanor with me --

MR. TEIN: You are obstructing this
deposition.

MR. GOLDBERGER: Why don't you guys go
outside and just talk about --

MR. LEOPOLD: She -- her job is very
difficult and she’s not going to be able to take
us both talking at he same time.

MR. GOLDBERGER: Off the record.

MR. LEOPOLD: We're not going off the
record, Jack. We're not, Jack. Her job is very
difficult. |'m going to make the record.

| don't think it is appropriate, especially
in the smal! confines of this room, to be very
aggressive with this young lady.

MR. TEIN: That’s not happening. Stop,
stop actually --

MR. LEOPOLD: If you're going to interrupt
me, we're going to cancel this deposition --

MR. TEIN: Stop misrepresenting.

16
THE COURT REPORTER: | need on at a time,
no matter who it is.
MR. LEOPOLD: | think we're going to take a

break. Perhaps you might want to talk to your
co-counsel --
MR. TEIN: I don't need to talk to him.
MR. LEOPOLD: But we're going to take a
break.

Page 13

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012408
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017187.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Mr. DERSHOWITZ. Well, I would submit that most politicians that get up and
make political speeches are doing it for a motive which is not unrelated to that.
Yet we don’t probe the motives of Presidents and Vice-presidents and Senators in
speaking. Nor should we probe the motives of newspaper publishers and film
producers.

JUDGE JULIAN. Perhaps they should be probed.

Mr. DERSHOWITZ. I think the First Amendment would be virtually a dead
letter; [if] we would only permit people to speak who spoke simply for art for art’s
sake or politics for politics’ sake...

Here we’re talking about something where money is being paid in order to show
the film and nobody can suggest that the film should be shown in this country for
free or at cost. There would simply be no films being manufactured in this country
and that aspect of the First Amendment will have substantially suffered.

I then returned to my distinction between an enclosed theater and an open display.

If Grove Press were to put up a billboard...above a large area where people
congregate and there were to be an alleged obscene picture on the billboard, and
the state were to try to enjoin that, I would have to [concede that there might be
some harm to people who didn’t want to be exposed to obscenity. ]

JUDGE JULIAN. That’s a very generous concession.

Mr. DERSHOWIZ. But in this case I do submit nobody is being exposed to
anything that he doesn’t want to be exposed to at all. The only thing that people
are being exposed to is the fact that they know that a film is being played in Boston
or in Springfield, and that fact, if it offends people, is not entitled to constitutional

protection so long as they can avoid being exposed directly to the contents of the
film.

Judge Aldrich was intrigued by this last point and said that he wished to pursue it further. I knew

I was in for some tough questioning:
JUDGE ALDRICH. I wish to pursue that point. I happen to be very straight
laced. Every time I walk down through Harvard Square and I see there is a movie
going on there that I know is obscene, of course, I don’t have to go in. I can
protect myself. But I’m offended by the fact that I see all these students who are
age 21 and a half going in and that we are maintaining in my home town, in which
I have such great pride, we are maintaining this house—I use the word “house”
advisedly—filthy pictures are being shown. Do I have any interests or rights?

Judge Aldrich had put his finger directly on the vicarious offensiveness rationale for
censorship. I needed to come up with an answer that didn’t devalue his concerns (and his
grandmother’s).

100

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017187
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014850.txt,"Case 9:0&aé807E5-d0A07 422A nilketinteniteréd -9 FES@ DSGCkét104/P7d ge 1 ofPidge 4 of 10

In their Rule 21 Motion, Jane Doe 3 and Jane Doe 4 do not claim that they were omitted
from this proceeding due to any “inadvertence” or “mistake” by Petitioners; rather, they seek to
join this proceeding as parties that could have been permissively joined in the original petition
under Rule 20 (“Permissive Joinder of Parties”). As courts generally use the standards of Rule
15 to evaluate such circumstances, the Court will consider the joinder issue as presented in the
Rule 15 Motion.' The Court will consider the arguments presented in the Rule 21 Motion as if
they are set forth in the Rule 15 Motion as well. Because the arguments are presented in the Rule
15 Motion (and because the Court is denying the Rule 15 Motion on its merits, as discussed
below), the Rule 21 Motion will be denied.

The Court also concludes that portions of the Rule 21 Motion—and related
filings—should be stricken from the record. Pending for this Court’s consideration is a Motion
for Limited Intervention filed by Alan M. Dershowitz, who seeks to intervene to “strike the
outrageous and impertinent allegations made against him and [to] request[] a show cause order to
the attorneys that have made them.” (DE 282 at 1). The Court has considered Mr. Dershowitz’s
arguments, but it finds that his intervention is unnecessary as Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
12(f) empowers the Court “on its own” to “strike from a pleading an insufficient defense or any
redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f).

Petitioners’ Rule 21 Motion consists of relatively little argumentation regarding why the

Court should permit them to join in this action: they argue that (1) they were sexually abused by

' The Court notes that, regardless of which motion it considers, the same standard
governs the addition of parties under Rule 21 and Rule 15. See Goston v. Potter, No. 08-cv-478
FJS ATB, 2010 WL 4774238, at *5 (N.D.N.Y. 2010) (citing Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. Universal
Music Grp., Inc., 248 F.R.D. 408, 412 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)).

4

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014850
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027182.txt,"Sender: i’

Time: 02/23/17 08:44:06 PM (509604246)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 65DAC669-C3FA-48 6F-9255-E4A3 9E941377

Message: 200k

sender:

Time: 02/23/17 08:44:38 PM (509604278)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 29H4351D-BFD6-4AE5-8711-668CADF9ES2C

Message: She says if I rock the boat c3 will get ""more difficult""

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/23/17 08:44:59 PM (509604299)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 6858FEEA-7A55-4ED6-AAOD-DFFE2ACD3E5D

Message: Not good but t clever

Sender: i i!

Time: 02/23/17 08:45:21 PM (509604321)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2B19DB5C-DB49-4492-9A1E-3BFE5 9D33DD8

Message: That's why I want out so bad

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/23/17 08:45:23 PM (509604323)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7CBB22EE-85B9-43F8-8A32-804BB7188CF7

Message: Talk later sorry that's not nice

Time: 02/23/17 08:45:40 PM (509604340)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027182
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015582.txt,"From: Paul Cassell

Sent: Saturday, January 24, 2015 1:25 PM

To: Michael Bilton

Subject: RE: from Michael Bilton - latest from Daily Mail online
Hi Michael,

We got the information. Thanks very much.

This is a very interesting article that puts a lot of the flight log information together.

http://gawker.com/flight-logs-put-clinton-dershowitz-on-pedophile-billio- 1681039971

Let's stay in touch. Hopefully more and more of the truth will out. PC

Paul G. Cassell

Ronald N. Boyce Presidential Professor of Criminal Law
S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah
332 S. 1400 E. , Room 101

Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0730

(801) 585-5202 (phone)

(801) 581-6897 (fax)

cassellp @law.utah.edu

You can access my publications on http://ssrn.com/author=30160

CONFIDENTIAL: This electronic message - along with any/all attachments - is confidential. This message is intended only for the use of the
addressee. If you are not the intended recipient, you may not use, disseminate, distribute or copy this communication. If you have received this
message in error, please immediately notify the sender by reply electronic mail and delete the original message. Professor Cassell is admitted to
the Utah State Bar, but not the bars of other states. Thank you.

From: Michael Bilton [michaelbilton1 @btinternet.com]

Sent: Friday, January 23, 2015 6:04 PM

To: Paul Cassell

Subject: Re: from Michael Bilton - latest from Daily Mail online

You should have had from me a couple of zip files concerning VR's travel seen alongside
Prince Andrew's engagements. Has that arrived with you?

M
On 24 Jan 2015, at 00:58, Paul Cassell wrote:

Thanks for the note — looks like various pieces are falling together. PC

Paul G. Cassell
Ronald N. Boyce Presidential Professor of Criminal Law
S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah

BE-000111

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015582
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014844.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 751-18 Filed 03/17/17 Page 2 of 3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Richard A. Simpson, RSimpson@wileyrein.com
April 8, 2016

Lawyers Acknowledge Mistake In Filing Sexual Misconduct Charges Against Professor Dershowitz

Professor Alan M. Dershowitz released the following statement regarding resolution of the case styled
Bradley Edwards, et al. v. Alan M. Dershowitz, Case No. CACE 15-000072 (Cir. Ct., Broward Cnty., Fla.).

STATEMENT OF ALAN M. DERSHOWITZ

| am pleased that the litigation has concluded and | am gratified by the

Joint Statement issued today by Jeffrey E. Streitfeld on behalf of the parties, in which
“Edwards and Cassell acknowledge that it was a mistake to have filed sexual misconduct
accusations against Dershowitz and the sexual misconduct accusations made in all public
filings (including all exhibits) are hereby withdrawn.” Mr. Streitfeld’s announcement and
the Joint Statement are copied below.

ANNOUNCEMENT BY JEFFREY E. STREITFELD, FLORIDA SUPREME COURT CERTIFIED CIRCUIT CIVIL
MEDIATOR (Streitfeldlaw.com)

It is my pleasure to report that Bradley J. Edwards, Paul G. Cassell, and Alan M.

Dershowitz have resolved their disputes and have agreed to settle the claims raised in an
action pending in the Broward County, Florida Circuit Court. Since being appointed by
Circuit Court Judge Thomas Lynch IV last fall, it has been a privilege to act as the mediator
and assist the parties and their counsel toward this agreed resolution. | want to extend my
appreciation for the professionalism exhibited by the parties and their counsel with whom
| worked directly: Jack Scarola, Rick Simpson, Tom Scott, and Ken Sweder. As part of their
agreement, the parties have issued the attached Joint Statement.

JOINT STATEMENT OF BRAD EDWARDS, PAUL CASSELL AND ALAN DERSHOWITZ REGARDING
SETTLEMENT

Brad Edwards, Paul Cassell and Alan Dershowitz have today settled their pending
defamation claims in which Edwards and Cassell sued Dershowitz and Dershowitz
counterclaimed against Edwards and Cassell. The case was about Dershowitz’s public
claims that Edwards and Cassell, as the attorneys for Virginia Roberts, had failed to perform
the necessary due diligence before filing the allegations of their client, not whether the acts
of alleged misconduct in fact occurred. Edwards and Cassell vigorously denied the
contention that they had acted improperly and asserted that it defamed them. Dershowitz
countersued Edwards and Cassell, alleging they had falsely accused him of sexual contact
with Roberts—a claim he vigorously denied and that Dershowitz asserted defamed him.
Edwards and Cassell maintain that they filed their client’s allegations in good faith and
performed the necessary due diligence to do so, and have produced documents detailing
those efforts. Dershowitz completely denies any such misconduct, while not disputing
Roberts’s statements that the underlying alleged misconduct may have occurred with
someone else. Dershowitz has produced travel and other records for the relevant times
which he relies on to establish that he could not have been present when the alleged

GM_00523

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014844
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017193.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Deep Throat: Why I Chose Not to Watch It

My initial victory in the Am Curious Yellow case—getting a three judge court to declare
unconstitutional all obscenity laws that applied to adults-only theaters—made me something of a
hero in the “adult film” industry—and something of a pariah in the radical feminist community.
(More about the latter soon.) Many “obscenity” clients came my way, including the musical play
Hair which was “banned in Boston” and several “soft core” films such as the very forgettable
“Belinda’”** and the unforgettable hard core film, Deep Throat.*’

I’m told that Deep Throat is a very hard core and very bad movie. I can’t personally attest to
these claims because, to this day, I have not seen it.** I avoided seeing the film not because I’m a
prude—I enjoy a good erotic movie as much as the next guy—but rather because I wanted to
make a point about the law of obscenity: the decision to watch or not to watch a particular film
should be a matter of choice for every adult citizen. Just as I told the judges in the / Am Curious
Yellow case that they didn’t have to view the film in order to rule that an adult had the
constitutional right to view it in an adults-only theater, so too I had the right to argue that
position without myself viewing Deep Throat. To paraphrase my earlier case, I was “curious”
about Deep Throat, but cared more about the principle of choice. I also believed that my not
viewing the film was a good tactic that helped to dramatize my point.

I decided to use that tactic in two separate cases involving the Deep Throat case. The first was
the prosecution of porno-actor Harry Reems for his role as an actor in the film. Reems was the
first actor in history ever to be prosecuted for the crime of obscenity. He was charged with
participating in a nation-wide conspiracy to transport an obscene film in interstate commerce.

The United States government charged him with conspiracy because Reems himself had nothing
to do with distributing the film in interstate commerce. As the prosecutor acknowledged:

“[Reems] made the film, got his money and got out back in 1972, that is, he didn’t do
anything else as a part of the conspiracy, he didn’t do any more overt acts, he didn’t
participate any further, and the question arises why in the thunder does he wind up being
charged [with acts that took place] four years later?”

His answer was that “once a person joins a conspiracy, he is liable for everything that happens in
that conspiracy until it is ended.” (Reems once asked me whether he could have been charged
with murder under the prosecutor’s theory, if some strong-arm methods used by the distributors
had resulted in a death years after the film had been completed. I told him that—under the
prosecution theory—he could charged with that crime.)

© See The Best Defense pages 174-78.

37 T was also involved—either as a defense lawyer, consultant or commentator—in the defense of several magazines
and books. See e.g. Dershowitz, Shouting Fire, pages :
38 During a preview of a film off Broadway about the Deep Throat controversy I saw some soft core excerpts. They
were God awful.

106

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017193
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020376.txt,"224

the jewels in their crown of omniscience. “ Snowden also suggested that to avoid being
automatically “targeted” by the NSA, one should avoid “jihadi forums.” These tips for evading
U.S. and British surveillance, far from being an off-hand leakage of information, were supplied by
him in written answers to interrogatives sent to him by Laura Poitras and Jacob Appelbaum while
Snowden was still on the NSA payroll in May 2013. If he intended to damage the NSA’s ability
to monitor unsuspecting individuals abroad, he clearly succeeded. Just as Robert Hanssen had
compromised the NSA’s interception of communication at the Soviet Embassy in the 1990s,
Snowden compromised the NSA’s interception of Jihadist targets on the Internet.

The Snowden intervention was soon felt by the CIA. “Within weeks of the leaks,” writes
Michael Morell, then CIA deputy director. He notes that “Terrorist organizations around the
world were already starting to modify their actions in light of what Snowden disclosed.
Communication sources dried up.” What heightened Morell’s concern about this loss of
intelligence sources was the discovery a 26-page document on an ISIS computer in Syria
indicating that the terrorist group had been considering using plague germs and other biological
weapons on foreign targets. The NSA was also seeing the Snowden effect on the war on
terrorists. In 2013, the FBI, CIA, and DIA had compiled a watch list of some 400 foreign
terrorist targets for NSA’s PRISM program. Up until June 6"", many of these targets frequently
used Internet services, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Xbox live, to send what they believed
would be hidden messages. After the PRISM story broke in the Washington Post on June 6"", the
NSA “saw one after another target go dark,” according to a senior executive involved in that
surveillance. In 2014, Admiral Rogers, the new NSA director, was even blunter. Asked whether
or not the disclosures by Snowden had reduced the NSA’s ability to pursue terrorist, he
answered: “Have I lost capability that we had prior to the revelations? Yes.”

In Moscow, Snowden insists that not a single death has been traced back to his disclosures. I
agree that it would be unfair to jump to the conclusion that he is responsible for any single event,
such as the massacre in Paris in November 2015, because we cannot know whether or not a
jihadist involved in the event, such as Abdelhamid Abaaoud in the case of Paris, would have used
the Internet if Snowden had not exposed the interception of it by the NSA. But however sincere
were his intentions, Snowden cannot escape his responsibility for his actions. He totally and
purposefully compromised an intelligence operation that could prevent such villainous attacks.

//

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020376
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011115.txt,"even in 2008 and the flash crash of 2013. Short legs have been protected without fail,
and long legs have got what they bargained for. The reason is that margin

sufficiency is monitored from tick to tick. Checking every few seconds doesn’t rule
out every doomsday scenario, but gives about as much confidence as we're going to

find in this uncertain world.

Saltwater and freshwater schools debate the wisdom of fiscal and monetary policy.
But both sides frame their arguments in Keynesian language. | find it wanting. The
idea that intended consumption is either invested or not, and realized in equal
capital growth if it is, misses the essential mechanics. It measures employment of
plant and people in hours rather than in production. This is a good reason why
macro should start again from scratch. Another is to recast its basis equations in
terms of market-valued capital as well as flows. Another is to accommodate human
capital, for example by substituting the pay and Y rules for the doctrines that pay

measures work and that output is investment plus consumption.

None of those good reasons refers to the possibility of omnibus funds. They are only
a gleam in my eye. If they come to pass, and succeed as | imagine, macro will have
still more novelty to digest. If they lead to devolution into separate deposit and
lending banks, with the deposit banks operating as omnibus funds, good riddance to
the 10:1 leverage that has brought down economies every generation or so since

Marco Polo’s time.

The lagged flow method of assessing efficacy of ex ante investment is outdated by
the simultaneous rates one outlined in Chapter 4. It should go to honorable
retirement whenever market-valued capital is available. It superimposes the
inevitable unintended lag of accounts themselves, even under best practices, onto
the intended one needed for the new tree planted to bear fruit. Both lags blur

causality.

Chapter 8 Banks, Money and Macroeconomics 2/8/16 26

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011115
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018831.txt,"Area Analysis 21

Area Map

Hans
Lollik

Crown Mountain

7 *° 8 474 m (1555 ft)
4 Virgin islands National
St Thomas ~ : Park
ee

4 St John

Cruz.Bay ;

Eats Cages SG 206 Maced Capscito © 2 here

irr.
IGY American Yacht Harbor Marina fice}

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018831
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019291.txt,"Freedom House

Conclusion

Authoritarianism Comes Calling

Until very recently, the spread of the methods and strategies
described in this report has largely been greeted with complacency
and indifference in the democratic world. Even as it became clear
that the rejection of liberal values by Russia, China, and other
authoritarian states was a permanent fixture of global politics,
democracies convinced themselves that although modern
authoritarianism posed a challenge to the spread of freedom beyond
its current reach, their own freedoms were in no jeopardy.

In the aftermath of the stunning events of 2016, it is
apparent that the post-Cold War democratic order is
in fact facing an unprecedented threat. Britain’s vote
to leave the European Union (EU), the election of Don-
ald Trump as president of the United States, and the
emergence of populist demagogues across Europe
have all raised questions about the future of democra-
cy in its traditional bastions.

It can no longer be assumed that Russia's challenge
to democracy is limited to its policies of internal
repression and aggression toward neighbors like
Ukraine and Georgia. The Kremlin’s development of
parallel institutions—government-controlled civil
society, a propaganda machine based on the latest
media technologies, realistic but purely decorative
elections—was once regarded as a project intended
for Russia alone. When Angela Merkel, in response to
Russia's invasion of Ukraine, exclaimed that Vladimir
Putin lives in a different world, she meant a specif-
ically Russian universe where facts are irrelevant,
international treaties are obsolete, and sovereignty is
a matter of power rather than law.

Now, however, the Kremlin has attempted to project
this version of reality onto the democratic world. In
the United States, Russia brazenly interfered in the
electoral process through hacking efforts sponsored
by its intelligence agencies. Whether this interference
actually affected the outcome of the election is sub-

ject to debate. But there is strong evidence, endorsed
by the entirety of the U.S. intelligence establishment
and numerous independent analyses, that the inter-
ference did occur.

Just as worrying is the suggestion that the United
States, much like Russia itself, has entered a “post-truth
era,” in which lies and distortions carry as much weight
as facts. Clearly, at least some of this hand-wring-

ing was a partisan reaction to Trumps victory. But it
followed an election in which the winning candidate
falsely claimed, among other things, that the balloting
was rigged against him, that violent crime had reached
record levels, and that undocumented immigrants were
responsible for a large share of the violence.

Meanwhile, as of early 2017, populist parties with Rus-
sian-friendly platforms and histories of nativism and

other forms of bigotry were expected to gain ground in
upcoming elections in countries like the Netherlands,
France, and Germany.

As it became more obvious that the democracies
were poorly equipped to contend with resurgent
authoritarianism, the leading autocracies were exper-
imenting with more frightening methods of assuring
domestic political control.

China in particular seemed to take an Orwellian
turn with the planned introduction of a social credit

www.freedomhouse.org

57

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019291
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032035.txt,"nbcnews.com / Alexander Smith Analysis: There were gaffes and

insults, but the president's state visit to the U.K. and Ireland seemed to

adhere to norms more than other foreign...

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032035
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020410.txt,"258

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN

The Keys to the Kingdom Are Missing

1.

10.

11.

“There’s a zero percent...”-- James Risen,
“Snowden Says He Took No Secret Files to Russia,”
New York Times, October 17, 2013

“The instruction manual ...”--Glenn Greenwald,
“Guardian Journalist: Snowden docs contain
NSA ‘blueprint',” USA Today, June 15, 2013

“A heart attack” when...”
CitizenF our, op.cit

Sound track,

“Keys to the Kingdom...”—Walter Pincus,
“Snowden still holding ‘keys to the kingdom’,”
Washington Post, December 18m 2013. Also,
Richard Ledgett interview, :60 Minutes,” CBS,
December 15, 2013

“Jack Dunlap and David Boone...” See
Appendix A.

“Of these “touched” documents...”—Author’s
Interview with Source A.

“This total included documents...” Author’s
interview with a staff member of the Senate
Intelligence Committee who requested
anonymity.

“Snowden also disputed the...” —Bamford,
Wired, op cit.

“Via a Vice magazine...”-- Jason Leopold, “Inside
Washington's Quest to Bring Down Edward
Snowden,” Vice, June 4, 2015

>

“A roadmap of what...’
Vanity Fair. op. cit.

The Snowden Saga,

“The compartment logs showed. ..”—Author’s
interview with Source A.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020410
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011673.txt,"another Israeli unit broke through to the Beirut-Damascus road. On the far side
of Lebanon’s capital city, they linked up with Bashir Gemayel’s Phalangists.

I remember a mix of feelings at the time. Partly, amazement that through
sheer determination and political maneuvering, Arik seemed to have pulled off
his grand plan — or at least the Lebanon part of it. Yes, we’d ended up fighting a
kind of half-war against the Syrians which, though we’d won it, still left 30,000
of Assad’s men in Lebanon. And they showed no signs of leaving. Our main
strategic threat north of the border was not, in fact, the Palestinians. Syria was
in military control of Lebanon and, after the peace with Egypt, our most
powerful adversary. And no matter what Big Pines might have achieved, it
seemed to clear to me that the Syrians would be free simply to replace the
weaponry we’d destroyed and fight another day.

In Arik’s mind, Bashir Gemayel would soon be in a position to fix that. But
beyond my skepticism from having met some of his boy officers in Tel Aviv, I
couldn’t see how that would work. I strained to imagine Gemayel daring to
form what would amount to a formal alliance with Israel and ordering the
Syrian troops to leave. And given what would be at stake for Damascus, I
certainly couldn’t see the Phalangists being able to drive them out by force.

The more immediate, open question involved Arafat and the Palestinians.
Our other two invasion forces had driven almost all the PLO fighters out of
south Lebanon, though not without costs and casualties. Most of the
Palestinians, however, had retreated north to their de facto capital, the
southwestern neighborhoods of Beirut. The idea of a ground assault — street-to-
street battles in an area packed with fighters, weapons and tens of thousands of
civilians — didn’t bear thinking about. After the war, some of the officers around
Beirut said Arik seemed to hoping that the Phalangist milita would go into the
overwhelmingly Muslim western side of Beirut. At one point, he was even
considering an Israeli attack. Fortunately, given the Phalangists’ record of
violence bordering on savagery during the Lebanese civil war, Bashir Gemayel
wasn’t willing to send them in. As for an Israeli assault, Begin’s ministers
weren’t ready to sign off on it, and the Americans let it be know, repeatedly,
that they were vehemently opposed to the idea.

Arik again turned to a fallback plan. He knew that Begin did share his
determination to get Arafat and the PLO out of Lebanon. Even the Americans
were ready to support such an arrangement, assuming it could be negotiated and
implemented in a way that would bring the fighting to an end. Whether by
intent or political fortune, the mere prospect of Arik further expanding the

202
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011673
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029963.txt,"From: Steven Sinofsk 
Sent: 11/22/2013 3:48:56 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Bitcoin and DC 
Importance: High 
http://www.washi ngtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/11/21/heres-how-bitcoin-cha rmed-washington/ 
I'm up 50% on my BTC investment! 
Here's how Bitcoin charmed Washington 
BY TIMOTHY B. LEE 
• November 21 at 2:52 pm 
The Bitcoin Foundation's Patrick Murck testifies before the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee. (U.S. 
Senate) 
The pair of Bitcoin hearings held this week by Senate committees could have been a disaster for the 
Bitcoin community. After all, Bitcoin first came to mainstream attention in 2011 when 
Gawker reported on Silk Road, an anonymous online marketplace that allowed users to purchase a wide 
variety of illegal drugs with Bitcoin. Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) denounced the site and suggested 
that Bitcoin was ""an online form of money laundering."" A few months ago, it would have been easy to 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029963 
imagine the first congressional hearings on Bitcoin being a prelude to a federal crackdown on the 
decentralized financial network. 
But that's not what happened. Instead, the hearings were lovefests. All three Obama administration 
officials who testified this week stressed that Bitcoin has legitimate uses and argued that no new 
regulations were needed to police illicit uses of the network. Most of the other witnesses echoed those 
sentiments. 
That wasn't a coincidence. The cordial atmosphere of this week's hearings was the culmination of 
months of careful diplomacy by Bitcoin advocates. Since the spring, leaders of the Bitcoin community 
and sympathetic policy advocates have been engaging with federal regulators, lawmakers and other 
influential figures inside the beltway. The result: a near-unanimous consensus that the federal 
government needs to be careful to avoid hampering the growth of the world's first completely 
decentralized payment network. 
A tough crowd 
On the morning of June 13, several dozen well-dressed Washingtonians filed into the Carlucci 
Auditorium at the stately headquarters of the United States Institute of Peace. For many of the 
government officials in the room, this would be their first opportunity to meet senior figures in the 
Bitcoin community in the flesh. Panelists included lead Bitcoin developer Gavin Andressen and 
Patrick Murck, general counsel of the Bitcoin Foundation. 
The way the event was framed didn't augur well for Bitcoin. One of the conference's two sponsors 
(along with Thompson Reuters) was the International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children. A 
major theme of the second panel was the use of bitcoins to purchase child pornography. 
""Child pornography is like Bitcoin in some ways,"" said Andrew Oosterbaan, who prosecutes child 
pornography cases for the Justice Department. ""It has intrinsic value to people who want it. The more 
valuable child pornography is the new child pornography. When you add an anonymous currency, 
you've taken individuals who are already incentivized to produce, given them a far more meaningful 
incentive to do so."" 
""Bitcoin is nothing like child pornography,"" a visibly angry Murck shot back. ""If there was one 
instance of a child being abused because of Bitcoin, that's one too many. I'm a father, I think there's a 
special place in hell for people who do that."" 
But Murck also stressed that the Bitcoin community was willing to work with federal regulators to 
ensure that Bitcoin-based businesses complied with applicable laws. ""I want to craft a sane regulatory 
environment,"" he said, urging federal regulators to ""engage stakeholders. Don't have secret meetings. 
Have public meetings. We're all happy to live with the consequences of whatever rulemaking is open 
and transparent."" 
Murck would get his wish for engagement, though many of the meetings would be held behind closed 
doors. ""We always intended that conference to be a launching point,"" says Ernie Allen, the president 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029964 
of the International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children and an organizer of the June 
conference. The gathering catalyzed the creation of a task force to consider how policymakers should 
respond to Bitcoin's emergence. It is expected to issue its recommendations early next year. 
Allen says that conversations among members of that task force have changed how he thinks about 
the online payment network. Allen now believes that premature regulation would be 
counterproductive. 
""We are enthusiastic about the potential of virtual currencies and the digital economy,"" Allen said in 
his Monday testimony before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 
Allen said he remained concerned about the use of the currency for exchanging child pornography, 
but he warned that ""draconian"" regulations could push Bitcoin enterprises underground and 
overseas, where it would be much harder to police for illicit uses. 
The Senate studies Bitcoin 
Staff on the Homeland Security Committee, which is chaired by Sen. Tom Carper (D-Del.), had been 
preparing for their Bitcoin hearing for several months. Committee staffers began to study the topic in 
earnest in April, when the value of one bitcoin spiked to $266, generating a wave of media attention. 
Over the summer, committee staff interviewed around 50 experts in industry, government, academic 
and nonprofit organizations to learn how the Bitcoin network worked and how it might affect the 
economy and law enforcement. Committee staffers talked to government agencies, bankers, and 
technologists. They also talked extensively to representatives of the Bitcoin Foundation. 
The committee consulted with Dan Kaminsky, a well-known security expert who conducted 
an influential security analysis of the Bitcoin software in 2011. Staffers talked to Sarah Meiklejohn, a 
computer scientist at the University of California, San Diego, about whether Bitcoin is truly 
anonymous (it isn't). And they talked to Jerry Brito, a researcher at the Mercatus Center, a libertarian 
think tank. Brito testified at Monday's hearing. 
In August, the committee sent a series of letters to federal agencies seeking their views on Bitcoin and 
other virtual currencies. Letters were sent to the Department of Homeland Security, the Treasury 
Department, the Federal Reserve, the Justice Department and other agencies with regulatory 
authority related to financial markets or online crime. The letters asked the agencies to provide details 
of any inquiries they had conducted into the virtual currencies, and to describe whether they had 
plans to regulate the currency in the future. 
Meanwhile, representatives from the Bitcoin Foundation met with a number of executive branch 
officials at a closed-door meeting in August. ""What the Bitcoin Foundation tried to stress is that 
Bitcoin is less useful for [illicit] purposes than other centralized virtual currencies,"" said Brito, who 
attended the meeting. Bitcoin advocates also stressed that excessive regulation in the United States 
would merely push more of the Bitcoin economy overseas, where U.S. regulators might not be able to 
reach it at all. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029965 
Those arguments seem to have made an impression, because government officials repeated many of 
them at this week's hearings. The Homeland Security Committee invited representatives of three 
federal agencies to testify before the committee this week. Jennifer Shasky Calvery represented the 
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, which enforces the nation's laws against money laundering. 
Mythili Raman spoke on behalf of the Justice Department, whose enforcement activities have 
included the shuttering the Bitcoin-based drug marketplace Silk Road. And Edward Lowery spoke for 
the Secret Service, which (along with the Justice Department) was involved in shutting down e-Gold 
and Liberty Reserve, two virtual currencies that the government alleged had become vast money-
laundering operations. Calvery also testified before the Senate Banking committee on Tuesday. 
""Virtual currencies have yet to overtake more traditional methods to move funds internationally"" for 
""criminal purposes,"" Calvery said. She pointed out that the Bitcoin network has processed only about 
$8 billion worth of transactions over the last year, compared to an estimated $1.6 trillion in ""global 
criminal proceeds"" in 2009. Clearly, the vast majority of those transactions are using some other 
financial network. 
""We are attuned to the criminal use"" of Bitcoin, Raman said. But ""there are many legitimate uses. 
These virtual currencies are not in and of themselves illegal."" 
Calvery agreed. ""Innovation is a very important part of our economy,"" she said, cautioning that 
premature regulation could stifle Bitcoin innovation. 
The personal touch 
Regulators are busy people. They're more likely to pay attention to flesh-and-blood advocates than to 
anonymous Internet commenters. Murck and Andresen's trip to Washington proved to be crucial to 
building productive relationships with policymakers. 
Calvery was a keynote speaker at the June conference. Murck and Calvery met in the speakers' room 
at the conference and had a conversation that would later lead to the closed-door August meeting 
between regulators and Bitcoin advocates. The day after the June conference, Murck was introduced 
to staffers on the Senate Homeland Security Committee, beginning a conversation that culminated in 
this week's hearings. 
Murck says that not everyone in the Bitcoin community was happy about his engagement with 
Washington. The Bitcoin community has a strong libertarian streak, and many Bitcoin devotees 
worried that conversations with federal regulators could help to legitimize and encourage regulation. 
But to the surprise of many, the Bitcoin advocates' charm offensive actually changed the minds of 
many D.C. insiders. Winning over Allen was a particular coup for the Bitcoin community. Allen's 
warnings against the dangers of premature regulation were particularly effective coming from a long-
time activist against child pornography. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029966 
""Part of the effort was not just to address these issues from a law enforcement perspective, but to 
listen to the leaders of the Bitcoin movement,"" Allen said. And when he listened to them, he found 
some of their arguments to be surprisingly persuasive. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029967 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030622.txt,"From: Fred Haddad PS

Sent: 10/19/2013 12:10:27 AM

To: Tonja Haddad Coleman

cc: Darren Indyke | Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]; Debbie Fein Po
Subject: Re: Request for comment from The Mail on Sunday with noon ET Saturday deadline re Mr Bradley Edwards vs Mr

Jeffrey Epstein

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 18, 2013, at 6:38 PM, Tonja Haddad Coleman <a wrote:

Tonja Haddad Coleman, Esq.
Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: Sharon Churcher
Date: October 18, 2013 at 6:32:28 PM EDT

Ce: Nick Pykc iis, Liz. Hartley

Subject: Request for comment from The Mail on Sunday with noon ET Saturday deadline re Mr Bradley
Edwards vs Mr Jeffrey Epstein

Dear Sirs:
We are preparing an article about the calendaring today of Mr Edwards' claim against Mr Epstein for jury trial
and the witness list which namcs i and other young women who allege they were underage

victims of Mr Epstein.

Mr Edwards claims that Mr Epstein maliciously attempted to intimidate him and his clients into retracting their
claims.

Msi curther has stated to us that she intends to testify that she was flown to London by Mr Epstein and
instructed to have sex at age 17 with Prince Andrew. She alleges that she was paid $15k for this encounter.

She claims that on another occasion, Mr Epstein flew two young women to a dinner for the purpose of
entertaining President Clinton. She claims she herself was sex trafficked to several other men, whose contact
information is contained in an address book of Mr Epstein's filed in court records.

May we have a comment please? Our deadline is 1pm tomorrow (SATURDAY) ET.

Yours sincerely,
Sharon Churcher

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030622
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033193.txt,"From: Richard Kahn

Sent: 11/15/2016 9:31:51 AM
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Donald Trump Is Picking His Cabinet. Here’s a Shortlist. - The New York Times

Importance: — High

http://www. nytimes.com/interactive/2016/us/politics/donald-trump-administration.html?_r=0

Richard Kahn

HBRK Associates Inc.

575 Lexington Avenue, 4th Floor
New York, NY 10022

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033193
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024087.txt,"potentially subject to the surtax should consult their own advisors concerning its potential
applicability to their individual circumstances.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies - A portfolio investment by the Fund in a non-US.
corporation that is classified as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) will cause
taxable U.S. Partners to be subject to taxation under Sections 1291 through 1298 of the Code. In
general, a non-US. corporation will be classified as a PFIC if 75% or more of its gross income
constitutes “passive income” — generally, interest, dividends, royalties, rent and similar
income, and gains on the disposition of assets that generate such income — or 50% or more of
its assets (by value or, in certain situations, by adjusted tax bases) produce passive income or
are held for the production of such income. Under the PFIC rules, gain attributable to a
disposition of PFIC stock, as well as income attributable to certain “excess distributions” with
respect to that PFIC stock, is allocated ratably over the shareholder’s holding period for the
stock. Gain allocated under this rule to (i) the year in which the shareholder disposes of the
PFIC stock and (ii) any year prior to the time the foreign corporation first satisfied the PFIC
income or assets test, as well as income attributable to any excess distribution on PFIC stock
allocated to those years, is subject to tax (as ordinary income) at the U.S. federal income tax
rates applicable to the shareholder for the year in which the disposition occurs. Disposition
gain attributable to years included in the shareholder’s holding period — other than those
described in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii) — and income attributable to excess distributions
allocated to each such other year is subject to tax (as ordinary income) at the maximum U.S.
federal income tax rate applicable to the shareholder for the year in which the income is treated
as realized, and also to an interest-like charge on the shareholder’s “deferred” payment of this
tax liability that accrues generally from the year of deemed realization through the due date of
the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year of disposition or distribution
(determined without regard to extensions). A U.S. Partner effectively will be treated as a U.S.
shareholder with respect to its proportionate share of any PFIC stock owned by the Fund. If,
however, that PFIC is also a “controlled foreign corporation” in which the Fund is a “United
States Shareholder” (as defined below), the PFIC rules generally will be superseded by the rules
discussed below dealing with controlled foreign corporations. The PFIC rules generally should
not affect tax-exempt U.S. Partners.

The PFIC rules are highly technical and it is possible that a non-U.S. corporation in which the
Fund makes an investment will be classified as a PFIC. If the Fund invests in the stock of a
portfolio company classified as a PFIC, and that company agrees to provide the Fund and, if
necessary, the IRS with certain financial information, the Fund may elect to treat that company
as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”). If the Fund holds stock of a non-U.S. corporation with
respect to which a QEF election has been made for the first taxable year in the Fund’s holding
period for which the non U.S. corporation is a PFIC, each U.S. Partner will be subject to tax
currently on its proportionate share of certain earnings and net capital gain of that non-US.
corporation — regardless of whether that corporation actually distributes cash or other property
to the Fund — but generally will not be subject to the tax regime described in the preceding
paragraph with respect to its investment in that corporation. Although the maximum rate of
tax imposed on certain dividends is currently 20%, this rate does not apply to dividends paid or
deemed paid by PFICs. A QEF election generally will not result in current inclusion of the
PFIC’s earnings for any year in which the PFIC has no net ordinary earnings and no net capital
gain. Alternatively, if such PFIC stock is publicly traded, the Fund may be eligible to value the

76 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024087
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023930.txt,"184 Teaching Minds

liked it as a student. Who said that listening to what I happened to be
talking about was an important thing to do? And, who said students
should be graded on how well they had listened to whatever truth I
was espousing? What if I was saying nonsense? I didn’t think I pos-
sessed a direct line to the truth any more than I had thought that my
own teachers did. The system didn’t make sense to me as a student
and it didn’t as a professor.

But it was a very easy job. And the pay, despite what people think
about professors’ salaries, was pretty good.

How hard was this teaching obligation? At Northwestern I was
required to teach one 3-hour- a-week course for 1 quarter every other
year. This came to about 36 hours of work in 2 years.

Yes, really.

So, how was I part of the problem? Actually my light teaching ob-
ligation is the tip of the iceberg of an enormous problem. It brings up
the question of how and why that light load works for a university, the
answer to which sheds light on what is wrong with our school system.

How do the economics of a university work such that a profes-
sor can teach so little? That is an important question. But an equally
important question is how it is that a professor, who is after all, in the
mind of the public at least, a teacher, teaches so little and is happy
about it?

People used to ask me, when I said that I was a professor, what
I taught. I would always laugh. I would suggest that they ask me in-
stead what I was a professor of, which was, of course, the only relevant
question. I didn’t teach much and when I did teach, I hardly taught
computer science, which was actually what I was a professor of. I usu-
ally taught my view of how the mind worked. Sometimes I taught how
education needed to be fixed. But, anyhow, as I have said, there wasn’t
all that much teaching going on in my life. Sometimes I taught more
often than required of me, simply because I was feeling guilty. The
rules said I didn’t have to teach much but there were students, usually
graduate students, who were thinking that as they had attended this
university in part to interact with me, at least I should teach a course
that included them at least once. So I did it because I felt guilty, not
because anyone higher up in the university cared what I did.

I remember a Yale undergraduate who wanted an appointment
with me. He was screaming in the halls, after he had been told that he
could see a graduate assistant instead of me, that he had paid $20,000

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023930
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020870.txt,"Income Statement — Excluding ‘Underfunded’ Medicare / Medicaid’ + One-Time

Charges, USA Inc. Shows 4% Median Net Margin Over 15 Years

USA Inc. Annual Net Income & Median Net Margin
(Excluding Medicare / Medicaid & One-Time Charges), F1996 — F2010

oO
&
a —_
E SS
: =
s c
2 3
78200 © -- i 20% +
= z
<
o
S §A00 ao] ence aes er ee ee oes os en Gm eT gt Se Gn YS SG GU TG A me -- - -40%
mas Net Income (ex. Medicare / Medicaid / One-Time Charges) ($B)
-$600 um 60%

—— 15-Year Median Net Margin (%)

“$800 ~~ --- <= 22 ee oe eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 80%
Fi996 = F1998 «= F2000.=«Ss«F2002.=«Ss«F2004.«=S ss F2006«=— ss F2008 «= F2010

Note: 1) Excludes both ‘dedicated’ revenue and spending for Medicare and Medicaid. USA federal fiscal year ends in
KP September. Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
(@)E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 57

Income Statement: USA Inc. Profit & Loss Statement Is Solid, Excluding

‘Underfunded’ Medicare / Medicaid Revenue and Spending + One-Time Charges

USA Inc. Profit & Loss Statement (ex. Medicare / Medicaid / One-Time Expense), F1995 / F2000 / F2005 / F2010
F1995 ...F2000 ... F2005 ... F2010 Comments

Revenue ($B) $1,256 $1,890 $1,988 $1,983 On average, revenue (ex. Medicare)

YY Growth _ 11% 15% 4% grew 3% Y/Y over past 15 years
Individual Income Taxes* $590 $1,005 $927 $899 Largest driver of core revenue
% of Revenue 47% 53% 47% 45%
Social Insurance Taxes (ex. Medicare) $388 $517 $628 $685 Payroll tax on Social Security
% of Revenue 31% 27% 32% 35%
Corporate Income Taxes* $157 $207 $278 $191 Fluctuates significantly with
% of Revenue 13% 11% 14% 10% economic conditions
Other $120 $161 $154 $208 Includes estate & gift taxes / duties &
% of Revenue 10% 9% 8% 10% fees; relatively stable
Expense ($B) $1,248 $1,474 $1,992 $2,580 | “Expenses(ex. Medicare Medicaid)
Y/Y Growth 5% 8% 7% grew 5% Y/Y over past 15 years
Entitlement (ex. Medicare / Medicaid) $520 $622 $815 $1,259 Significant increase owing to aging
% of Expense 42% 42% 41% 49% population
Non-Defense Discretionary $223 $335 $497 $431 includ ducation /1 fs t
% of Expense 18% 23%, 25% 17% ncludes education / law enforcemen
/ transportation...
Defense $272 $294 $495 $694 oo . .
% of Expense 22%, 20% 25% 27% Significant increase owing to on-
going War on Terror
Net Interest on Public Debt $232 $223 $184 $196 . an
% of Expense 19% 15% 9% 8% Decreased owing to historic low

interest rates

Surplus / Deficit ($B) $8 $416 “$4 -$597 USA Inc. core operations were in

Net Margin (%) 1% 22% 0% -30% surplus 9 out of the past 15 years

Note: USA federal fiscal year ends in September; *individual & corporate income taxes include capital gains taxes. Non-defense discretionary includes
KP federal spending on education, infrastructure, law enforcement, judiciary functions... Source: White House Office of Management and Budget.
(@E) www.kpcb.com USA Inc. | Income Statement Drilldown 58

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020870
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016500.txt,"Attorney’s Office apparently disregarded or was not aware of in the proceedings before the lower
court. Jd.

Not only are the appellate briefs subject to the strong presumption of openness that
applies to all judicial documents but there is also an intense public interest in disclosing these
specific documents because they will shed light on why the District Attorney’s Office initially
took the controversial decision to argue in favor of lenient treatment of Epstein.? As Justice
Burger wrote, “[p]eople in an open society do not demand infallibility from their institutions, but
it is difficult for them to accept what they are prohibited from observing.” Richmond
Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555, 572 (1980). “Only a free and unrestrained press can
effectively expose deception in government. And paramount among the responsibilities of a free
press is the duty to prevent any part of the government from deceiving the people... .” N.Y.
Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713, 717 (1971) (Black, J. concurring). In short, the
appellate briefs should be unsealed so that the Post can inform the public about the decisions
taken by the District Attorney’s Office with respect to Epstein so that the public can decide
whether there was anything careless or improper about those decisions.

The need for transparency and public understanding of why the District Attorney’s Office
handled the Epstein case the way it did is heightened by the fact that District Attorney Vance has

faced criticism over claims that his office gives favorable treatment to rich and powerful men

? The presumption of openness is grounded in the U.S. and New York Constitutions as well as deeply-entrenched
common law rules that govern this Court. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I,
section 8 of the New York State Constitution both recognize the presumptive right of the public and press to access
and inspect court records. Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1 (1986); Globe Newspaper Co. v.
Superior Court, 457 U.S. 596 (1982); In re Associated Press v. Bell, 70 N.Y.2d 32, 517 N.Y.S.2d 444 (1987). In
addition to being well established under the federal and state constitutions, the right of access to court records “‘is
also firmly grounded in common law principles.” Danco Labs., Ltd. v. Chem. Works of Gideon Richter, Ltd.,274
A.D.2d 1, 6, 711 N.Y.S.2d 419, 423 (1st Dep’t 2000) (citing inter alia Nixon v. Warner Commc’ns, Inc., 435 U.S.
589, 597 (1978)). See also People v. Burton, 189 A.D.2d 532, 535-36, 597 N.Y.S.2d 488, 491-92 (3d Dep’t 1993)

“a common-law presumption” favors public access to court records); /n re Application of National Broad. Co., 635
F.2d 945, 949 (2d Cir. 1980) (“[T]he common law right to inspect and copy judicial records is beyond dispute.”)
(citation omitted).

13
4811-3721-9459v.3 3930033-000039

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016500
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030811.txt,"Eye on the Market | July 11, 2011 J.P Morgan

Topics: Portfolios, US corporate profits and the Twilight of the Gods (in the US, Europe, China and the IEA)

Twilight of the Gods part 3: Why is everyone assuming that the next Chinese tightening is the last one?
Every time China tightened monetary policy this year, most China research maintained that the tightening cycle is close to its

end. Perhaps; Premier Wen has stated that the country’s efforts to control inflation have worked, that price stability is in an
acceptable range, and that it will drop steadily from here. But last week’s headline inflation release of 6.4% hit a three year
high, and it is not clear to us that China is about to end its various inflation control policy measures.

In favor of Wen’s argument, food inflation has been a large contributor, some of which should be transitory. Blue-ear pig virus
(PRRS) killed hundreds of thousands of pigs in 2010, which affected this year’s supply (2006 was worse). As shown below,
pork prices have soared, but should come down if the supply situation normalizes. [Note: a “Strategic Pork Reserve” can be
released to mitigate price increases]. However, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization’, new virulent strains of
the virus have a fatality rate of 20% (even higher for piglets), and what is considered a temporary supply shock may be more
permanent. Chinese pig facilities have the highest animal densities in the world, contributing to the spread of disease to 25 of
China’s 33 provinces. Antibiotics have proven ineffective, and once one pig gets the disease, it tends to spread to the entire
herd in 7-10 days. China has vaccinated 100 million of its 500 million pigs, but existing vaccines do not prevent infection, they
only slow the rate of transmission to other pigs.

China headline inflation Chinese wholesale pork price
Percent change, voy RMB per kilogram
10% 26

aoe 24

6%

20 4 Begining of
45% 1g 4PRRS outbreak
16
2
14 |
O% 12
-2 4 10

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 8
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: China Ministry of Commerce.

A separate issue is that China is doing a lot more to control the supply of money than the cost of money. As shown below, there
have been a lot more increases in bank reserve requirements than interest rate increases. Deposit rates are still negative in real
terms, and bank reserve requirements only affect banks, and not the shadow banking system, which is growing in China.

Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China

China reserve requirement ratio for large banks China one-year deposit rate still negative in real terms
Percent Percent, year on year
eat 10%
21%
0,

19% Bi
17% 6% CPI
15%

A%
13% Deposit rate
11% 2%

9%
1%

-2%
5%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: People’s Bank of China. Source: People's Bank of China, National Bureau of Statistics.

0%

Forward-looking manufacturing surveys have declined and interbank lending rates (Shibor) have surged, so it’s clear that the
tightening steps are working. But private sector credit is still growing in China, and real estate prices are still nsing. The
bottom line is that the substantial stimulus provided by Chinese and other Asian policymakers in the wake of the
recession has not yet been adequately withdrawn, and that more steps will need to be taken to do so.

> “Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virulence jumps and persistent circulation in Southeast Asia”, Food and
Agriculture Organization Emergency Prevention System, Issue number 5, 2011.

4
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030811
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025451.txt,"Message: Having a good day?

sender:

Time: 03/31/19 08:34:58 AM (575739298)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: FF1275F0-4FDF-4C9B-A5 6F-84BFE5313DBB

Message: Great day :)

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/31/19 10:01:19 AM (575744479)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

r,

GUID: B96D1LO06F-F5C2-401A-8DC6-OED71FS4F3EC

Message: Glad

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025451
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023703.txt,"B6 COVER STORY

On a mission to
explain ‘real’ Ch

sED EDITION

Above: “How
China’s Leaders
Think”

Right: “The Man
Who Changed
China: The Life
and Legacy of
Jiang Zemin”

I don’t try to make any-
body happy, but I just want
to tell the truth. I can be
wrong, and maybe my
truth is not balanced.

Lu Feiran

hina expert and American public intellec-

tual, Robert Lawrence Kuhn is best known in

China for two books about Chinese leaders

and their views, including a biography of
former President Jiang Zemin in 2005 and one about
other leaders and their thinking in 2009.

Kuhn, also an investment banker, business con-
sultant, brain scientist and philosopher, has been
granted unprecedented access to Chinese leaders,
though he does not speak Chinese.

His biography “The Man Who Changed China:

The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin” published in
both Chinese and English, was a best-seller in China
where readers are not accustomed to humanized
biographies of leaders.

It was probably the first biography written by a
foreigner about a living Chinese leader that was
published in China.

Kuhn has also produced documentaries on China,
written extensively for Chinese media and is often
quoted by western media. He is a contributor and
consultant to CCTV, some Chinese newspapers and
the Xinhua News Agency.

Kuhn sees his mission as telling the world about
the real China.

He was in Shanghai late last month for an In-
ternational Channel Shanghai (ICS) program he
co-produced and wrote about China’s challenges, in
conjunction with the 18th National Congress of the
Communist Party of China. He held a press confer-
ence and also spoke with Shanghai Daily.

Chinese media sometimes accuse some Westerners
and Western media of China bashing, saying they
misunderstand or are even malevolent.

But 68-year-old Kuhn, a New Yorker, is believed
to have a more neutral view for China. He received
a bachelor’s degree in human biology from Johns
Hopkins University, a master’s of science in man-
agement from the MIT Sloan School of Management,
and a PhD in anatomy and brain research from
UCLA.

His books were published by the Shanghai Trans-
lation Publishing House and Shanghai Century
Publishing Group.

Kuhn said he “never tried to please the Chinese
government, though Western media thought I did.”

“I like feedback, including negative feedback,
because I know that people are engaged,” he told
Shanghai Daily.

“I don’t try to make anybody happy, but I just want
to tell the truth. I can be wrong, and maybe my truth
is not balanced.”

Sunday 25 November 2012 Shanghai Daily

Kuhn’s experience with China started in 1989,
when he was invited by former State Councilor Song
Jian, director of the State Science and Technology
Commission.

The two became friends and Kuhn began traveling
between the US and China, getting to know govern-
ment officials and ordinary people.

Kuhn said he felt frustrated because his experience
in China differed from the description in much of
the Western media. “Then they only focused on the
negative side and ignored the rest,” he said.

That disparity inspired him to write Jiang’s biog-
raphy, he said. Jiang himself said that Kuhn didn’t
“beautify” him and got his wedding date wrong.

Kuhn spent four years writing “The Man Who
Changed China.” Though he had only met Jiang three
times and did not interview him for the book, he
talked to many people close to Jiang, including rela-
tives, friends and colleagues, gathering stories and
perceptions. He became close to many of them.

“T thought I had been rather familiar with China
before I started working on the book,” said Kuhn.
“But after I started collecting the information, I
found that my knowledge was very limited.”

Humanized leader

Kuhn said he was determined to depict a real, ani-
mated Jiang, different from the seemingly impassive
figure appearing on state occasions, on Chinese TV
and in newspapers.

“For a very long time, Chinese leaders were either
described as God or the Devil, but never in-between,”
he said. “So I expected to display a Chinese leader
who is a human being.”

Soon after publication, it became a best-seller in
China. After Kuhn held a book-signing in Guang-
zhou, Guangdong Province, more than 300 books
were sold in an hour. In Shanghai, more than a
million copies were sold in 2005, the highest in the
social science category.

Chinese readers called the book refreshing be-
cause it told daily life stories and described Jiang’s
youth.

One Internet user called “Burn the scarecrow” said
before reading the biography, he thought Jiang was
“a quiet man standing high above the masses.”

“But after reading the book, my first feeling was
that he was once young like us and he is also an
ordinary man.”

The English version, however, received some criti-
cism, primarily that Kuhn was “fawning” over Jiang
and the government. Kuhn denied that.

“In fact, the book had a disclaimer, saying all

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023703
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020643.txt,"184

launched in 2015 and relaunched in 2017, has sought input on some of the issues
discussed here.” A newly launched NGO, Hong Kong Watch, focuses on drawing
attention to the United Kingdom's special responsibility toward Hong Kong. The
Conservative Party Human Rights Commission has produced its own report on the
deteriorating human rights situation in both China and Hong Kong and has organized
inquiries and events on topics such as the United Kingdom's Confucius Institutes.**
While the Foreign and Commonwealth Office presents the relationship with China

as primarily collaborative, it is also conducting research on Chinese influence and
interference activities.?> At the international level, the United Kingdom has joined
several open letters to signal its position on China’s violations of human rights.”

Civil society has also sought to raise the Foreign NGO Management Law as well as

to highlight intensified repression. By contrast, responses from academic institutions
have so far been sporadic. For example, in 2011, the University of Cambridge
disaffiliated CSSA Cambridge due to its undemocratic organization.” In 2017,
international academics joined together to convince the Cambridge University Press
to stop censoring its publications available in China.’® Still, despite experiencing such
influence campaigns in the past, such as with Libya, which was spelled out in the
2011 Woolf Inquiry, there seems to have been no coherent initiative on protecting
academic freedom and maintaining wider ethical standards in the face of these types
of campaigns.”?

NOTES
1 $9.6 billion in the United Kingdom according to Godement and Vasselier, “China at the Gates.”

2 “New Phase in Golden Era for UK-China Relations,” Government of the United Kingdom, December 15,
2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-phase-in-golden-era-for-uk
-china-relations.

3 Benner et al., “Authoritarian Advance.”

4 Paul Hutcheon, “China Accused of Being Behind Recent Cyber Attack on Scottish Parliament,” Herald
(Scotland), September 16, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, http://www.heraldscotland.com/news
/15540166.China_accused_of_being_behind_recent_cyber_attack_on_Scottish_Parliament; Gordon
Corera, “UK Think Tanks Hacked by Groups in China, Cyber-Security Firm Says,” BBC, February 26, 2018,
accessed October 11, 2018, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43172371.

5 George Parker, “British MPs Banned from Hong Kong Visit,” Financial Times (UK), November 30, 2014,
accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.ft.com/content/08919562-78ba-11e4-b518-00144feabdco;

Tom Phillips and Benjamin Haas, “British Conservative Party Activist Barred from Entering Hong Kong,”
Guardian (UK), October 11, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct
/11/british-conservative-party-activist-benedict-rogers-hong-kong.

6 Lucy Hornby, James Kynge, and George Packer, “’Golden Era’ of UK-China Trade Links in Peril,” Financial
Times (UK), January 26, 2018, subscription required, https://www.ft.com/content/cb552198-02c0-11e8
-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5.

Appendix 2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020643
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024997.txt,"1

Shimon Post

8 September, 2011

Arce.) Today’s Zaman

The UN report and Turkish foreign policy
Cenap Cakmak

Anicle 2. The National Interest

The Turkish-Israeli Cold War
Henri J. Barkey

Article. | os Angeles Times

Saeb Erekat on statehood moves at U.N.
Edmund Sanders

Article 4. Spiegel
‘What's Wrong with the Palestinians Appealing to the
UN?'

An interview with Arab League Head Nabil Elaraby

Ancle 5. | Wall Street Journal

From 9/11 to the Arab Spring
Fouad Ajami

Article 8. | Guardian

Israel should be wary of celebrating the 'Shia
crescent’ setback
Jonathan Spyer

Article 7.

Daily Beast

Mideast’s Changing View of America
Randall Lane

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024997
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012391.txt,"a

3) Memorandum on Informing Congressional Committees of Changes Involving Foreign Economic

Assistance Funds, Pub. Papers of John F. Kennedy 6 (Jan. 9, 1963): President Kennedy stated that a

provision in the bill he was signing contained an unconstitutional legislative veto. He announced that
""[i]t is therefore my intention .. . to treat this provision as a request for information."" Id.

4) Statement by the President Upon Approving the Public Works Appropriations Act, Pub. Papers of
Lyndon B. Johnson 104 (Dec. 31, 1963): President Johnson also found that a legislative veto provision
was unconstitutional and stated that he would treat it as a request for information.

5) Statement About Signing the Public Buildings Amendments of 1972, Pub. Papers of Richard Nixon

686 (June.17, 1972): President Nixon stated that a clause conditioning the use of authority by the
executive branch on the approval of a congressional committee was unconstitutional. He ordered the
agency involved to comply with ""the acceptable procedures"" in the bill “without regard to the
unconstitutional provisions I have previously referred to."" Id: at 687.

6) Statement on Signing the Department of Defense Appropriation Act of 1976, Pub. Papers of Gerald
R. Ford 241 (Feb. 10, 1976): President Ford stated that a committee approval mechanism was

unconstitutional and announced that he would ""treat the unconstitutional provision . . . to the extent it
requires further Congressional committee approval, as a complete nullity."" Id. at 242.

7) Statement on Signing Coastal Zone Management Improvement Act of 1980, Pub. Papers of Jimmy
Carter 2335 (Oct. 18, 1980): President Carter stated that a legislative veto provision was

unconstitutional and that any attempt at a legislative veto would ""not [be] regarded as legally binding.""
Id.

8) Statement on Signing the Union Station Redevelopment Act of 1981, Pub. Papers of Ronald
Reagan 1207 (Dec. 29, 1981): President Reagan stated that a legislative veto was unconstitutional and
announced that ""[t]he Secretary of Transportation will not... regard himself as legally bound by any
such resolution."" Id.

9) Statement On Signing the National and Community Service Act of 1990, Pub. Papers of George
Bush 1613 (Nov. 16, 1990): President Bush rejected the constitutionality of provisions that required a

Presidentially appointed board exercising executive authority to include, among its 21 members,
“seven members nominated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives... [and] seven members
nominated by the Majority Leader of the Senate."" Id. at 1614. He announced that the restrictions on his
choice of nominees to the board ""are without legal force or effect."" Id.

10) 7 A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 377 (Aug. 14, 1876) (Pres. Grant):
This is one of the earliest of many instances of a President ""construing"" a provision (to avoid

constitutional problems) in a way that seems to amount to a refusal to enforce a provision of it. An
1876 statute directed that notices be sent to certain diplomatic and consular officers ""to close their
offices."" President Grant, in signing the bill, stated that, “[iJn the literal sense of this direction it would
be an invasion of the constitutional prerogatives and duty of the Executive."" Id. In order to avoid this
problem, President Grant ""constru[ed]"" this provision ""only to exercise the constitutional prerogative of
Congress over the expenditures of the Government,"" not to ""imply{] a right in the legislative branch to
direct the closing or discontinuing of any of the diplomatic or consular offices of the Government."" Id.

at 378.

_ Other Presidential Documents

1) A Presidential Legal Opinion, 66 Harv. L. Rev. 1353 (1953): This was a legal opinion from

President Franklin Roosevelt to Attorney General Jackson. President Roosevelt stated that he was
signing the Lend-Lease Act despite a provision providing for a legislative veto, ""a provision which, in

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012391
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033178.txt,"From: ee

Sent: 10/19/2016 6:25:58 PM
To: jeffrey epstein [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: News

Importance: — High

Hi Jeffrey! !

Thank you for writing. I'm doing well. Looking forward for winter season in the Alps!

I have MR from Zurich as assistant for you. I sent you her photos once :) MMMM dives in New Jersey
now and J in paris!!

I have some new ones here in zurich but not in NY or Paris yet.

How is it going with Zubair?

Do you believe Trump will win or Hilary ?

I miss Berkeley so much. This California lifestyle was magical. Can't wait to be back for 2nd semester ©

I plan to pass NY or California bar and be attorney in USA. I love America and the Win mentality in your
country.

Kind regards,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033178
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026511.txt,"On other hand, gore would not have to move left to take Nader vote.

If J like centrism is it clear that this is better.

I get that it avoids arbitrary outcomes but assume that a tea party nut is as likely to elect a dem as a lefty is to

elect et a republican.

Anyway thanks for setting up.

Btw I gave them 10,000.

Larry
Sent from my iPad

Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: Pe

Follow me on twitter @lhsummers

www.larrysummers.com

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_02651 1
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032876.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 6/22/2016 10:36:05 PM 
To: 
Subject: Re: Hi from London 
no worry 
On Wed, Jun 22, 2016 at 5:58 PM, I_____________________________wrote: 
Hi Jeffrey! 
I'm so sorry to hear about the Trump law suit. I wish there was something I could do. I always think of you. 
All my love always, 
Sent from my iPad 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032876 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011698.txt,"outside the kirya in a facility just north of Tel Aviv, was Rabin’s idea. In
addition to Dan and me, it included key members of the general staff and senior
defense ministry officials. The idea was for us to hear a half-dozen academics
and other specialists speak about the political aspects of the sudden eruption of
Palestinian violence.

Though he spoke for barely 10 minutes, it was the last speaker who left the
deepest impression. Shimon Shamir, a professor at Tel Aviv University, began
by emphasizing he was not an expert in riot control. Finding a response to the
violence was something we were far better equipped to do. But then he paused,
looked intently at Rabin, Dan and me, and said: “What I can do is draw on
history.” One by one, he cited examples of more than a dozen broadly similar
rebellions over the past century, in the Middle East and beyond. “If we were
dealing with simple rioting, things might be different.” But he said the
Palestinians were, fundamentally, acting out of a shared sense of grievance, and
shared national identity. Both were in large part the result of Israel having
controlled their daily lives now for more than two decades. “I’m afraid I can
find no historical precedent for the successful suppression of the national will of
a people,” he said. Even when those in power used unimaginably punitive tools:
like expulsion, or forced starvation. “Even, as we know well as a Jewish people,
extermination.”

I glanced at Yitzhak and at Dan. Both of them looked like I felt: in no doubt
the professor was right, yet also aware that, in the short term, we still had to find
a way of putting a lid on the cauldron and keeping the situation for getting
irretrievably out of control.

It wasn’t as if ’'d been unaware of the sense of the anger building among
many West Bank and Gaza Palestinians, or of their wish to see an end to Israel’s
military administration and the growing number of Jewish settlements. From
my time as head of the central command, I also knew that there was a young,
activist core intensifying efforts to organize attacks on troops and settlers. But
none of us had any inkling that something of the scale, longevity and political
complexity of the intfada lay ahead.

Partly, this was a failure of specific intelligence warnings. But it went deeper
than that. Sobering though it was, I had to accept that — no less so than before
the Yom Kippur War in 1973 — I and many others had for too long been
comforting ourselves with a fundamental misconception about our military
occupation and civilian settlement in the areas captured in 1967. The roots of
the myopia went back to the immediate aftermath of the Six-Day War, to the

227
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011698
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029909.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029909
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026158.txt,"Administrative and -6 -6 -6 -4 -12 -11

other operating

costs

Other provisions 0 0 -4 -0 1 -0

General & Admin. -18 -16 -17 -9 -31 -27

Expenses

Pre Provision 20 25 6 -19 39 35

Income

Provision for loan -9 -56 -5 20 22 -10

impairment

Profit before tax 11 -31 1 1 61 25

Income tax expense -2 -0 -1 -0 -11 -2

Net profit 8 -31 1 1 50 23
25

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026158
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030280.txt,"13

of defense. Even worse, he personally still controls the two jobs in a
caretaker capacity, and seems in no hurry to give them up any time
soon.

On Tuesday, Allawi nominated two people for the Defense Ministry,
ex-army officers Nouri al-Duleimy and Abdul-Mayjid Abdul Latif, but
neither of them to date has been accepted by the prime minister. At a
recent press conference, Maliki accused his rival of sectarianism and
of breaching an agreement between them, hammered out last
November.

Then, Allawi sluggishly agreed to accept Maliki as premier, although
the latter controlled only 89 out of 325 seats in parliament whereas
Allawi's secular National Iraqi List commanded a slim majority of 91
seats. Instead, Allawi would be given a new job, which rivals, and in
some cases theoretically challenges, that of the prime minister -
chairman of the National Council for Strategic Policies (NCSP). That
post, six months down the road, is still nowhere close to being
formed. Allawi complains that his coalition is being treated ""not as a
partner but as a participant"" in the Maliki government.

Allawi accepted the novel post with a grain of salt. It took heavy
lobbying by Saudi Arabia, and a phone call from US President
Barack Obama, to convince him to settle for the NCSP, along with
assurances that the body would have real powers, rather than
ceremonial duties.

The new council was supposed to operate under the umbrella of the
Iraqi executive branch and replace the National Security Council,
mandated to monitor government ministers and make sure that they
carry out their duties according to the constitution. Additionally, the
council was supposed to have several branches: (domestic) political
affairs, foreign policy, economic and monetary affairs, security and
military affairs, energy, oil and gas, electricity, water and
environmental affairs.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030280
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011840.txt,"/ BARAK / 83

I packed my bags. I told Danny Yatom to inform the Americans we were
leaving and to get our plane ready to take us back to Israel. I let the others in our
team know that we were going. A number of them, and several of the Americans as
well, urged me to reconsider. But I said I saw no point in staying. What I didn’t
know, however, was that one of the Palestinians’ original Oslo negotiators, Hassan
Asfour, had approached Dennis Ross with a new proposal: that we ask Arafat to
accept everything except the proposal on the holy sites as a basis for negotiation.
Sovereignty over the Temple Mount would be addressed in later, international
negotiations. When Dennis brought this to me, my instinct was to say no. Like so
much else at the summit, it was an inherently skewed formula: it would involve
major Israeli concessions on all the other main issues, without securing our
absolute minimum need in Jerusalem: sovereignty over the Temple Mount. I didn’t
say yes. Still, with Clinton’s words of advice still on my mind, I said that I’d think
it over.

When I met the rest of the Israeli team, almost all of them felt we should stay.
The consensus was that especially if violence broke out after the summit’s
collapse, we didn’t want to feel we’d left any stone unturned. At about 11 pm, I
phoned the President and told him that we would stay until he returned from
Okinawa. He was clearly pleased, and asked us to keep working in his absence.
When I resisted that, saying that any substantive talks needed his involvement, we
finally agreed that talks could continue in search of a formula for the holy sites. On
all the other issues, only informal discussions would be held until and unless a way
ahead on the Temple Mount was found. If that happened, and if Arafat finally
accepted the “pocket” proposals as an agreed starting point, formal negotiations
could resume. Clinton accepted this formula. He went to see Arafat and secured —
or thought he had secured — his agreement as well.

One of the President’s great strengths was his genius for blurring the edges of
potential differences in search of common ground. But when edges had to be
sharpened, this could lead to confusion. Before leaving for the G8, the President
neglected to mention to Arafat our explicit understanding that, with the exception
of the talks on the holy sites, nothing would happen until he accepted the
concessions that President Clinton and I had delivered as at least a basis for further
negotiations. As a result, Arafat’s team now set about happily asking questions and
probing my negotiators — pushing us to go further — but with no more inclination
than before to produce any concessions of their own.

369
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011840
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026463.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 12/2/2017 9:16:25 PM 
To: Larry Summers [ 
Subject: Re: A tax loophole for just Jeffrey Epstein? 
Importance: High 
Comey himself acknowledged that: ""throughout history, some presidents have decided that because 'problems' 
come from Justice, they should try to hold the Department close. But blurring those boundaries ultimately 
makes the problems worse by undermining public trust in the institutions and their work."" Comey has also 
acknowledged that the president had the constitutional authority to fire him for any or no cause. 
President Trump also had the constitutional authority to order Comey to end the investigation of former national 
security adviser Mike Flynn. He could have pardoned Flynn, as Bush pardoned Weinberger, thus ending the 
Flynn investigation, as Bush ended the Iran-Contra investigation. What Trump could not do is what Nixon did: 
direct his aides to lie to the FBI, or commit other independent crimes. There is no evidence that Trump did that. 
On Sat, Dec 2, 2017 at 10:00 AM, Larry Summers < > wrote: 
Later 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Dec 2, 2017, at 9:50 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
On Sat, Dec 2, 2017 at 9:30 AM, Larry Summers <___________________________> wrote: 
I don't know whether to laugh or cry 
Sent from my iPhone 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
On Dec 2, 2017, at 9:29 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
like the hunt for easter eggs. your friend andrew has so far only found one . and it was brighly colored:) 
On Sat, Dec 2, 2017 at 9:23 AM, Larry Summers < wrote: 
???? 
Sent from my iPhone 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026463 
Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: 
Follow me on twitter glhsummers 
www.larrysummers.com 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Kelly Friendly <____________________ 
Date: December 2, 2017 at 8:16:13 AM EST 
To: Lawrence Henry Summers < 
Subject: Fwd: A tax loophole for just Jeffrey Epstein? 
Did you see this 
Kelly Friendly 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Andrew Friendly 
Date: December 2, 2017 at 7:29:07 AM EST 
To: Kelly Friendly <_________________________ 
Subject: A tax loophole for just Jeffrey Epstein? 
> 
https://wwwfacebook.com/senatorsanders/videos/10156545332157908/ 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026464 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026465 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013237.txt,"18.3 Sel&Modification via Supercompilation 321

Supercompilation is an innovative and general approach to global program optimization
initially developed by Valentin Turchin. In its simplest form, it provides an algorithm that
takes in a piece of software and output another piece of software that does the same thing,
but far faster and using less memory. It was introduced to the West in Turchin’s 1986 technical
paper “The concept of a supercompiler” [TV 96], and since this time the concept has been avidly
developed by computer scientists in Russia, America, Denmark and other nations. Prior to 1986,
a great deal of work on supercompilation was carried out and published in Russia; and Valentin
Turchin, Andrei Klimov and their colleagues at the Keldysh Institute in Russia developed a
supercompiler for the Russian programming language Refal. Since 1998 these researchers and
their team at Supercompilers LLC have been working to replicate their achievement for the
more complicated but far more commercially significant language Java. It is a large project
and completion is scheduled for early 2003. But even at this stage, their partially complete
Java supercompiler has had some interesting practical successes — including the use of the
supercompiler to produce efficient Java code from CogPrime combinator trees.

The radical nature of supercompilation may not be apparent to those unfamiliar with the
usual art of automated program optimization. Most approaches to program optimization involve
some kind of direct program transformation. A program is transformed, by the step by step
application of a series of equivalences, into a different program, hopefully a more efficient one.
Supercompilation takes a different approach. A supercompiler studies a program and constructs
a model of the program’s dynamics. This model is in a special mathematical form, and it can,
in most cases, be used to create an efficient program doing the same thing as the original one.

The internal behavior of the supercompiler is, not surprisingly, quite complex; what we will
give here is merely a brief high-level summary. For an accessible overview of the supercompila-
tion algorithm, the reader is referred to the article “What is Supercompilation?” [1]

18.3.1 Three Aspects of Supercompilation

There are three separate levels to the supercompilation idea: first, a general philosophy; second
a translation of this philosophy into a concrete algorithmic framework; and third, the manifold
details involved making this algorithmic framework practicable in a particular programming
language. The third level is much more complicated in the Java context than it would be for
Sasha, for example.

The key philosophical concept underlying the supercompiler is that of a metasystem transi-
tion. In general, this term refers to a transition in which a system that previously had relatively
autonomous control, becomes part of a larger system that exhibits significant controlling influ-
ence over it. For example, in the evolution of life, when cells first become part of a multicellular
organism, there was a metasystem transition, in that the primary nexus of control passed from
the cellular level to the organism level.

The metasystem transition in supercompilation consists of the transition from considering
a program in itself, to considering a metaprogram which executes another program, treating
its free variables and their interdependencies as a subject for its mathematical analysis. In
other words, a metaprogram is a program that accepts a program as input, and then runs
this program, keeping the inputs in the form of free variables, doing analysis along the way
based on the way the program depends on these variables, and doing optimization based on
this analysis. A CogPrime schema does not explicitly contain variables, but the inputs to the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013237
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010586.txt,"Epstein’s Obstruction of Normal Discovery and Attacks on His Victims

53. | Once Edwards filed his civil complaints for his three clients, he began the normal
process of discovery for cases such as these. He sent standard discovery requests to Epstein
about his sexual abuse of the minor girls, including requests for admissions, request for
protinetion, and interrogatories. See Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit “N”, at {11-19 and 25.

Rather than answer any substantive questions about his sexual abuse and his conspiracy for
procuring minor girls for him to abuse, Epstein invoked his 5th amendment right against self-
incrimination. An example of Epstein’s refusal to answer is attached as Composite Exhibit “Z”
(original discovery propounded to Epstein and his responses invoking Sth amendment).

54. During the discovery phase of the civil cases filed against Epstein, Epstein’s
deposition was taken at least five times. During all of those depositions, Epstein refused to
answer any substantive questions about his sexual abuse of minor girls. See, e.g., Deposition
Attachments 1, 6 and 7.

55. During these depositions, Epstein further attempted to obstruct legitimate
questioning by inserting a variety of irrelevant information about his case. As one of
innumerable examples, on March 8, 2010, Mr. Horowitz, representing seven victims, Jane Doe's
2-8, asked, ""Q: In 2004, did you rub Jane Doe 3's vagina? A: Excuse me. I'd like to answer that
question, as I would like to answer mostly every question you've asked me here today; however,
upon advice of counsel, I cannot answer that question. They've advised me I must assert my
Sixth Amendment, Fifth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment Rights against self--excuse
me, against--under the Constitution. And though your partner, Jeffrey Herman, was disbarred

after filing this lawsuit [a statement that was untrue], Mr. Edwards! partner sits in jail for
21

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010586
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022054.txt,"PATTERSON

osed to interview a girl and bring
25 for Epstein.
riginall]
training in Chiang Mai. While I
1d special guy and told him hon-
‘ed to do. He told me I should get
1e people I was working for were
could not walk away or disobey
us punishment, including my life. |
xct me. I had confidence [in] him |
1 as my opportunity to escape and
ruly loved me and would protect
/ to Australia.
1 told him I was not coming back.
: fallen in love.” Epstein basically
| good life.” I could tell he was not
hat he was going to do to me. I
owerful friends might send some-
killed.
ward, out of concern for my safety
stayed in Australia with my hus-
om late 2002 to October 2013. To
: United States during these years,
visit my mother. And my absence
as not voluntary—I was hiding 4
of what he would do to me if I 4

‘es. 3
fter not hearing from anyone for ©
contacted by someone who identi
sunding name and claimed he wise

Firtuy Ricu

with the FBI. It seemed very odd for someone doing an offi-
cial criminal investigation to just call up on the phone like
that. I hadn’t heard Epstein’s name for years. I didn’t know
who this person was and what it was really about. I couldn't
tell what was going on.

36. This man said he was looking into Jeffrey Epstein.
The man asked if I had been involved with Epstein. My first
instinct was to say nothing because I wasn’t sure he was
really with the FBI or any authorities. I answered a few basic
questions, telling him that I knew Jeffrey Epstein and had
met him at a young age. But the conversation didn't feel right.
This man never offered to come and meet with me in person.
Instead, he asked me right off the bat about Epstein’s sexual
practices. I thought it would be strange for a true law enforce-
ment officer to behave that way, so I became increasingly
uncomfortable and suspicious about who was actually call-
ing me.

37. I told the man nothing more about Epstein. The con-
versation probably didn’t even last three minutes, but it
immediately triggered all of the fears of Epstein and his pow-
erful friends that had caused me to escape in the first place.
If the call accomplished anything, it only put me back in a
state of fear and told me that I could be found quite easily
and had nobody officially protecting me.

38. I suspected that the man who called me was working
for Epstein or one of Epstein’s powerful friends. I believed that
if this was really an agent who was investigating Epstein, he
would have known who I was and how I fit into Epstein’s sex-
ual crimes in many different places. He would have inter-
viewed me in a way that would have established his credentials

247

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022054

"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013551.txt,"Andrew Carnegie famously called the dignity of real work. Spicy one dish vegetarian
meals, twice a day meditation and brief stolen naps consumed the rest of the day. |
found myself meditating for longer and longer times, chasing the promised Blue
Pearl that Baba said appeared behind the eyes near the supreme meditative end
point.

Beside care with the _ titration of meditation-induced interpersonal
disconnection, detachment with love is the desired end point of most Hindu and
Buddhist meditative practice, another set of “side effects” of the energy arising early
in the course of too much meditation is called kriyas, spontaneous episodes of
involuntary behaviors and postures of the body such as unprovoked chanting and
writhing and stereotyped hand positions called mudras. Baba told us one of his
kriyas took the form of spontaneous erections that occurred during his first
experiences with deep meditative states. | recall a woman physician and fellow
ashramite in Los Angeles telling me that her panties often got so soaked during
meditation that she worried about being stuck to her cushion. Beyond these initial
somatic overflows of Divine Energy, shakti, emerges a vision of the Blue Pear,
bindu, Baba’s “gift from the Goddess Kundalini.” As he entered this stage, he said
that his mind filled with “joyous contentment.” Jewish mysticism of the 1300’s
acknowledged the neighborhood relations of Eros and the Sacred.

More formal and scientific uses of the word, energy, like all objects of thought
embeddable in a mathematical context, are abstract and relational. In his book,
Mathematics-The Music of Reason, Jean Dieudonne’ treats mathematical objects
as objects of thought. Dieudonne”s book documents the 19"" Century transition
from concrete, visualizable, classical mathematics to abstract, nonvisualizable
relational ideas. This conceptual transition to abstract, relational thought objects that
are no longer representable by pictures or accessible to our senses of mathematics
and physics is yet to reach the concrete DNA-causal religionists of modern
molecular biology. In 20"" Century mathematics, Dieudonne’ observes that “...the
primary role in theory is played by the relations between mathematical objects
concerned rather than the nature of the objects themselves...these relations are

often the same for objects which appear to be very different and therefore they must

51

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013551
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031679.txt,"From: J [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 12/13/2018 10:01:57 PM 
To: Kathy Ruemmler 
Federal prosecutors are investigating whether U.S. President Donald Trump's inaugural 
committee misspent some of the funds it raised, the Wall Street Journal reported on 
Thursday, citing people familiar with the matter. 
The probe opened by the Manhattan U.S. attorney's office is examining whether some of the committee's donors 
gave money in exchange for policy concessions, influencing administration positions or access to the incoming 
administration, the 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 031679 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012897.txt,"Endnotes: Epilogue

Recommended Books:

Glover, J. (2000). Humanity. Yale University Press.
Grossman, D. (1996). On Killing. New York: Back Bay Books.
Moore, M.S. (2010). Placing Blame. Oxford University Press.

Quotes:
* Human Rights Watch Report, 2010, “The Trail of Death”

Hauser Epilogue. Evilightenment 151

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012897
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016060.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016060
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018602.txt,"te OK ok

POLYAMORY:
[theory] In Praise of Monogamy

This post was published in mid-2011, and it got more attention than most things I've
written. The reaction was quite mixed. Some monogamists felt that I was damning
monogamy with faint praise. Some polyamorists felt that it was problematic for me to
write a post praising the culturally dominant Western mode of sexuality, because it's
already dominant. On the other hand, the piece was cross-posted at a number of high-
profile websites, and I got a lot of positive commentary too.

My favorite comments came from Pepper Mint, a polyamory advocate who commented
on this post when it was cross-posted at Feministe. J really felt like Pepper got what I
was trying to do. Here's an excerpt from one of his comments:

""Monogamy is [perceived as] a hegemonic requirement, not an option that should be
advocated. So when people espouse monogamy (which is rare, since it is hegemonic),
they do it by claiming that anything else is impossible or they do it by making moral
statements. I challenge you to find a mainstream article that actually lists out the
pragmatic benefits of monogamy, like Clarisse has done here. I don't think I've ever seen
one. Indeed, when monogamy is explicitly discussed in the mainstream currently, it often
seems to be in ‘is monogamy realistic ?' articles.

""Note that this is all to the detriment of monogamous people as well as nonmonogamous
people. When I talk to people about polyamory, I get a lot of defensive responses, for the
simple reason that monogamous people are often monogamous because they did not
know there was a choice, rather than monogamous by inclination or what have you.
Discourse that presents monogamy as an actual choice and lists out the pros and cons of
that choice is nonmonogamy-affirming in my book, unless it is hugely one-sided.

""We have a problem in the poly communities I engage in, where people new to
polyamory spend a couple years unfairly trashing monogamy. This is partly out of anger
from their history and partly because they've finally found what they are looking for and
everything else looks shabby in comparison. But it creates ill-will where none need exist,
it screws up people's approach to relationships, and it bites people later if they want to
go back to monogamy.

""So as a polyamory activist I'm very glad this essay was written, and I've posted similar
things myself in various forums. It addresses a hole in the discourse that is very
important to fill.”

Thanks, Pepper.
TK OK ok
In Praise of Monogamy
There are lots of different ways of approaching non-monogamous relationships, such as:

+ Polyamory: Usually emphasizes developing full-on romantic relationships with more

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018602
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015569.txt,"Edwards adv. Epstein
Telephone interview with Virginia Roberts
Page 14 of 23

I’d start with his feet, go up to his calves, up his legs, buttocks, back, his neck, his head,
his arms, yada yada, and then it would be time to flip over, and some of the men would
want me to continue on massaging the front side of them and they would instigate me to
begin having sex with them or foreplay, whatever you want to call it.

JS: So routinely, these massages involved sexual activity. Is that accurate?

V: That is accurate.

JS: Ok. Let’s talk about the travel that you were involved in when you were on Jeffrey’s
private plane. Generally speaking, who were the passengers on the plane when you
traveled.

V: Well, Larry was the pilot, and then there was a short, small solid guy, I don’t know his
name, but he was a co-pilot, and then he changed and there was another guy brought in
later on. Generally speaking, there was always Jeffrey, sometimes Ghislaine, sometimes
Emmy, sometimes a whole bunch of other girls, sometimes famous people, sometimes
some politicians or yeah, just about anybody could fly on his plane. There was never no
any set routine who would come and who would go. It was an influx of people on
Jeffrey’s airplane.

JS: I want to deal with these things separately in order to respect some of the reservations
that you have, so I’m going to ask you who the people were that you remember flying
with Jeffrey on his plane when you were personally present without regard to whether
there was any sexual activity that occurred on the plane or not. So I’m not asking you to
implicate any of these famous people in improper conduct, but just tell me what the
names of the people are that you remember that you consider to be famous people.

V: Ok, there was Naomi Campbell, Heidi Klum, there was Bill Clinton. There was Al (?)
Gore, there was a whole bunch of models, I wouldn’t really honestly be able to give their
names. There was Matt Groning the producer of the simpons cartoon, Jack CCousteau’s
granddaughter a lot of interior designers, architects, politicians. I am just trying to think
of as many names as possible for you. Off the top of my head, that’s as good as I can get
for now.

JS: Ok, alright, that’s fine. And again, I am not implying by my questions, nor do I want
your answers to be interpreted as your suggesting that any of those people that you have
just identified were engaged in any improper activities on any particular flight, but I want
to talk to you now about what went on on occasion on the airplane. Ok?

V: Ok. It was a lot of the same thing that went down on the ground. A lot of times, it would
be just be me and Jeffrey, or me and Jeffrey and Ghislaine, or me and Jeffrey and some
other girl, sometimes Emmy, Sarah, and Nadia Bjournik. There would be sexual conduct,
there would be foreplay, there was a bed in there, so we could basically reenact exactly

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015569
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025337.txt,"a

technologyreview.com / Tryggvi Adalbjornsson Bitcoin miners
and data scientists love cheap, green Icelandic processing power. Maybe a

little too much. The southwestern tip of Iceland is a barren...

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025337
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023065.txt,"Date: Friday, July 12011 10:38 PM
Subject: Re: Huffington Post
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>

To: Peggy Siegal < a:

I think a great opportunity has arisen. Just like the headlines of a hotel maid now proven to have lied in the
Stauss Kahn case. The girl who accused Prince Andrew can also easily be proven to be a liar. I think
Buckingham Palace would love it . You should task someone to investigate the girl i, that has
caused the Queens son all this agro. I promise you she is a fraud. you and 1 will be able to go to ascot for the
rest of our lives. I know there is a public police report that no one has had the cogtrage to publish, as they do not
want to be seen attacking a"" vicitm"", but being falsely accused will be the new headline

On Fri, Jul 1, 2011 at 2:43 PM, Peggy Siegal sis wrote:

Ifyou rewrite your last email in better grammar, (and so I have a better understanding) I can cut and paste and send it to Arianna
Huffington from me.....

Did you know why Prince Albert's Charlene fled to the airport with a one way ticket back to South Africa? Because she found out about a
third illegitimate child that is 3 months old...the palace officials followed her to the airport and propably made her an offer she could not
refuse...will get details from Jim Coleman when he comes home Sunday night.

In Southampton now. Peg

-—— Original Message -----

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>
To: Peggy Siegal

Sent: Fri Jul 01 07:18:25 2011

Subject:

should you point out to Ariana Huff, that the same type of person, same as strauss Kahn is Andrews accuser, ,long criminal record. total
liar. Ariana should champion the dangers of false allegations. send areporter or reporters to investigate,.. the palace would love it, the
girl in the photo , was nothing more than a telephone answerer,, she was never 15, according to her version she worked for trump , first at
that age, at MAra lago. ITs ridiculous. but the press like strauss kahn is afraid to question women.

PIS 2 IS FS FIC FIC 8 8 FIC FAS 2g 2 5S 5S 2S 2S 28 2S 2S 2 2 5S FS FIC 2S 2g 28 2S 2S 2K 2 SIS FS FIC FIC 2 28 FS IS 2 2 IS IS 2S FIC 28 2 2S IS 2 2S 8 IS 2 2 2

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for

the use of the addressee. It is the property of

Jeffrey Epstein

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and

destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023065
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017178.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

Indeed, in that respect the shout of “Fire!” is not even speech, in any meaningful sense of that
term.*’ It is a clang sound — the equivalent of setting off a nonverbal alarm. Had Justice Holmes
been more honest about his example, he would have said that freedom of speech does not

protect a kid who pulls a fire alarm in the absence of a fire, in a theater when there is no fire, and
thereby causes a panic. But that obviously would have been irrelevant to the case at hand. The
proposition that pulling an alarm is not protected speech certainly leads to the conclusion that
shouting the word fire is also not protected, but it certainly does not support the very different
conclusion that circulating a thoughtful pamphlet is also not protected.

The analogy is thus not only inapt but also insulting. Most Americans do not respond to written
political advocacy with the same kind of automatic acceptance expected of schoolchildren
responding to a fire drill. Not a single recipient of the Schenck pamphlet is known to have
changed his mind after reading it. Indeed, one draftee, who appeared as a prosecution witness,
was asked whether reading a pamphlet asserting that the draft law was unjust would make him
“immediately decide that you must erase that law.” Not surprisingly, he replied, “I do my own
thinking.” A theatergoer would probably not respond similarly if asked how he would react to a
shout of “Fire!”

Another important reason the analogy is inapt is that Holmes emphasizes the factual falsity of the
shout “Fire!” The Schenck pamphlet, however, was not factually false. It contained political
opinions and ideas about the causes of war and about appropriate and lawful responses

to the draft. As the Supreme Court has repeatedly stated, “the First Amendment recognizes no
such thing as a ‘false’ idea.” Nor does it recognize false opinions about the causes of war.

A closer analogy to the facts of the Schenck case might have been provided by a person’s
standing outside a theater, offering the patrons a leaflet advising them that in his opinion the
theater was a fire hazard, and urging them not to enter but to complain to the building

inspectors. That analogy, however, would not have served Holmes’s argument for punishing
Schenck. Holmes needed an analogy that would appear relevant to Schenck’s political speech but
that would invite the conclusion that censorship was appropriate.

Ironically, the “Fire!” analogy is all that survives from the Schenck case; the ruling itself is no
longer good law. Pamphlets of the kind that resulted in Schenck’s imprisonment have been
circulated with impunity during subsequent wars.

Over the years I have assembled a collection of instances— including my own cases, speeches I
have heard, articles I have read — in which proponents of censorship have maintained that the
expression at issue is “just like” or “equivalent to” falsely shouting “Fire!” in a crowded theater
and ought to be banned, “just as” shouting “Fire!” ought to be banned. The analogy is generally
invoked, often with self-satisfaction, as an absolute argument stopper. It does, after all, claim the

could not have done if he had begun with the self-evidence proposition that setting off an alarm bell is not free
speech.

Oo]

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017178
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027169.txt,"GUID: 3D50C681-2FF4-4150-8C15-265ECB824FE7

Message: do you think trump will Come down hard on gates / taxes soon or can he wait

till I'm done there?!?

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.c
Time: 02/21/17 11:51:27 AM
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

om

(509399487)

GUID: 3A0EO7BA-B4E6-4902-98

Message: yes , encryption

your health info secret. and at th

Time: 02/21/17 11:51:55 AM
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: DO7

ff

E943-FO5D-40B0-9C

F3-BDB47BD4C680

- , Signal processing. . using the best methods to keep

(509399515)

45-28BD66323C93

same time helping the country cure disease.

Message: How do I write a short terms of reference

Time: 02/21/17 11:55:17 AM
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 37A84460-0795-480C-B7

(509399717)

BI-SECC231212CA

Message: Role: Health and medical technologies

focus: - Privacy, health da
brain science

Time: 02/21/17 12:24:45 PM
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AB887E55-6010-49B6-A8

ta -— Consumer health

Term: 6 months from April 1 Areas of

(509401485)

66-3DAE09E677E0

Message: I s bill Eriday

Really want to wait

xpenditure - neurotechnologies and

and talk to him before sending Larry

terms Of reference but he is insisting I send sooner

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 02/21/17 01:42:17 PM
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

(509406137)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027169
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014677.txt,"Case 9:6ase-doFeeKarsBbd eR aaumentieaaonhiied 9 Weeldet oFage2 26 1 Page 1 of 10

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

CASE NO.:08-CV-80736-KAM
JANE DOE | and JANE DOE 2,
Petitioners,
VS.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent.

/

ORDER DENYING PETITIONERS’ MOTION TO JOIN UNDER RULE 21 AND
MOTION TO AMEND UNDER RULE 15

This cause is before the Court on Jane Doe 3 and Jane Doe 4’s Corrected Motion
Pursuant to Rule 21 for Joinder in Action (“Rule 21 Motion”) (DE 280), and Jane Doe 1 and Jane
Doe 2’s Protective Motion Pursuant to Rule 15 to Amend Their Pleadings to Conform to
Existing Evidence and to Add Jane Doe 3 and Jane Doe 4 as Petitioners (“Rule 15 Motion”) (DE
311). Both motions are ripe for review. For the following reasons, the Court concludes that they
should be denied.

I. Background

This is an action by two unnamed petitioners, Jane Doe | and Jane Doe 2, seeking to
prosecute a claim under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act (CVRA), 18 U.S.C. § 3771. (DE 1).
Generally, they allege that the respondent Government violated their rights under the CVRA by
failing to consult with them before negotiating a non-prosecution agreement with Jeffrey Epstein,
who subjected them to various sexual crimes while they were minors. (Id.). Petitioners initiated

this action in July 2008. (Id.).

GIUFFRE002844

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014677
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032500.txt,"Gentlemen

| hope you are having a great week.

In LA hoping to begin acquiring pieces: are we on?
If not yet, when please

thanks

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032500
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025323.txt,"a

time.com / Jeffrey Miller, Colorado State University / The
Conversation This summer, millions of marshmallows will be toasted
over fires across America. Many will be used as an ingredient in the
quintessential summer snack....

How Vegetarian Travel Is Possible
Without Losing Your Mind

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025323
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023071.txt,"The costs and benefits of tax reform

2017 could be a watershed year from a tax reform perspective. Trump has continuously
stated that tax reform is a priority, and there is evidence of widespread support in
Congress. Tax reform could be enacted through reconciliation without the risk of being
filibustered, suggesting the timing could be imminent. Corporate tax reform could have
a significant impact on S&P 500 earnings, corporate behavior and capital markets. Much
has been written on the timing, funding and process by which corporate tax reform
could be enacted. In this report, we use House Speaker Paul Ryan’s Blueprint proposal as
a starting point in quantifying the impact of corporate tax reform on the S&P 500, with
some scenario analysis to account for differences included in the final bill (such as
Trump’s proposals). Our analysis is focused specifically on the impact of corporate tax
reform, however we recognize that there are many other factors that can impact the
sensitivity analysis (e.g. changes to household income tax rates, infrastructure spending,
etc.).

We estimate that the Blueprint proposal would initially boost S&P 500 EPS by $5-6,
assuming the end of interest expense deductions only applies to new debt, or is phased
in over time. But the devil is in the details. Over time, the loss of the interest tax shield
would be a significant drag on earnings as existing debt is refinanced. Additionally, the
corporate tax rate is critical in determining whether or not the tax reform policies end
up being accretive to earnings on a sustained basis. We estimate that at the 20% tax
rate, the Blueprint would be modestly accretive, the benefit would triple under Trump’s
proposed 15% tax rate, but at a higher 25% tax rate that would appease the deficit
hawks in Congress, the benefit would turn to a negative over time (Table 2). We also
estimate a one-time $8-9 charge to GAAP EPS that would be associated with the
discounted repatriation tax.

Table 2: Estimated impact of tax reform on S&P 500 2018 EPS

Tax policy 15% 20% 25%
Tax rate change 10.50 8.00 5.00
Ending interest deductibility — initial impact* -0.50 to -1.00 -0.50 to -1.50 -0.50 to -2.00
Border adjustments -4.00 -5.50 -6.50
Share count reduction from buybacks (50%) 4.00 4.00 4.00
Total initial impact 9.50 to 10.00 5.00 to 6.00 0.50 to 2.00
Ending interest deductibility — recurring impact -3.50 -5.00 -6.00

Recurring impact 7.00 1.50 -3.50

One-time repatriation tax (8.75%), GAAP
charge -8.50 -8.50 -8.50
Source: BofAML US Equity & Quant Strategy, FactSet, Compustat, S&P

*Assumes end to interest deductibility only applies ta new debt, where we estimate 70-90% of debt is long-term.

Note: For this exhibit, we assume that 100% of the cash is repatriated and 50% of it is spent on buybacks. For different buyback
assumptions, please see the section on repatriation.

In the following pages, we focus on the following topics that have large implications for
US equity investors, but it is important to consider corporate tax reform holistically
rather than drawing major implications from each measure in isolation:

e Reducing the US corporate tax rate

e Repatriation - mandatory tax on overseas profits
e Border adjustment tax

e Removal of interest expense deduction

The government revenue associated with each of these is included in the table below.

Bankof America

Merrill Lynch Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023071
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032514.txt,"Carlsbad, CA 92009

Chopra Foundation
Jiyo
Chopra Center for Wellbeing
Fe PO cot: ar -~@. - 7 ; *
Db t. * ""on 8 e Pe . “ i ; ew o
ao @ hn hal ee. °e i = . “' % yeu ARE
ese REALITY IS STRUCTURED BHIVERS E
*-. “s IN'CONSCIOUSNESS. a
. e °
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es © © °
ne ° e . ° . 7 i? ° S 3 -

On Mar 6, 2017, at 7:44 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

I'm glad
On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 1:19 AM Deepak Cor | wrote:

meeting today --will let you know
Lat night was a blast
Ended 1 AM

2013 Costa Del Mar Road
Carlsbad, CA 92009

Chopra Foundation

Jiyo

Chopra Center for Wellbeing

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032514
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014663.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 539-1 Filed 01/06/17 Page 5 of 9

6/14/2016

Mexico and Little Saint James, a private 70-
acre atoil in the US Virgin Islands.

am
be =.
OM ae

4
qo,

A new life: Virgina, naw a mother-of-three, in
Australia

Virginia says: ‘Ghislaine said | was to start immediately and that someone would drive me home.

My father left and | was told to go upstairs.’ She was led by another woman through Epstein's
bedroom into a massage room where he lay face down naked on a table.

He started to interviewed Virginia. This was unconventional, but Virginia had no suspicions.
Presumably, she thought, this was how the wealthy conducted their business.

Epstein elicited the information that Virginia had been a runaway, and was no longer a virgin.

Virginia was then told to start massaging Epstein, under the instructions of the woman who had
shown her in. The massage quickly developed into a sexual encounter.

Virginia was uncomfortable, but reluctant to deny such important people. ‘My face was red with
embarrassment,’ she says. ‘But | felt under immense pressure to please them.

The whole time it was going on, they were promising me the world, that I'd travel with Jeffrey on his
private jet and have a well-paid profession.’ Afterwards, she was given two $100 bills and told to
return the next day.

That was the beginning of the four years she spent with Epstein.
For three of those years, she was under Florida’s age of consent, which is 18.

Case 1:1 5°CHOVGSGRWVS7. Densuefredet DehSig toBileld G74 5/1 MailPYgaGroef 9

‘fd cry because thera
was nothing I could da to
help’: Bella Hadid pens
emotional note about
her mother Yolanda's
Lyme disease battle and
shares the impact of her
own struggle

Has the Queen Bey
lost her sting? Beyonce
steps out in two
questionable outfits as
she recycles Super
Bow! Reformation look
She is still a trailblazer

Jenna Bush Hager
shares somber
message about
motherhood as she
reveals her daughter
was baptized only hours
before Orlando shooting

Time for Kardashian
klass! From ‘bloop' to
‘ratchet’... Kim schools
fans in how to talk like a
true-blooded member of
the family
How to be like them

Brazilian Miss Bum
Bum model raveals she
is paralysed fram the
waist down after
throwing herself from a
fourth floor window in
suicide attempt

Southern Charm stars
claim Kathryn Dennis
failed drug test in
custody battle with
wealthy drug-shamed
former politician
Thomas Ravenel as he
takes their kids to NYG

Mini-me Barron joins
parents Donald Trump
and Melania at The Polo
Bar for dinner the night
before his 70th birthday
(and Secret Service
chauffeurs them the one
block walk home)

Lord of the manor!
Scott Disick views
$2.8million property in
Beverly Hills as he
hunts for a house to fix
up and sell
He is 33

Paek-a-boob! Heidi
Klum flashes cleavage

hitp:/Awww.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1361039/Prince-Andrew-girl-17-sex- offender -friend-flew-Britain-meet-him html 4/34

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014663
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013545.txt,"In the long distance running model of spiritual transformation, the first energy
appears suddenly in the middle of painful fatigue and feels like a vigorous
implementation of Halachic commands or Canon Law. The second burst of energy
emerges from readiness for resignation and ends in humane comprehension and
empathy. In some Christian monastic practice, a similar transition is represented in
the ritual of Tenebrae (or Darkness). Fifteen lit, unbleached candles are
extinguished, one by one over the night, while reading the Psalms. The practice is
said to represent the desertion of Christ by his disciples, as the church grows darker
over the night. After the singing of the Benedictus, the one remaining light is
quenched, plunging the church into total darkness. In Myth and Ritual in
Christianity, Alan Watts suggests that the loss of the last light of Tenebrae induces
the realization that “| am nothing.” This reduction in egocentrism, along with a dark-
piercing alertness is said to facilitate an invasion by a loving God that precipitates
the fasting, sleep deprived and praying petitioners into long lasting ecstatic states.

These uses of energy and its attendant characteristics are not physically
specifiable but rather hermeneutic of a force. It is both a potential and a realization,
observed and inferred. It is the “energy stuff’ of Freud’s /ibido, Wilhelm Reich’s
orgone energy, Pavlov’s drive, Rudolph Steiner etheric formative force, the
arousal and attention of brain wave and consciousness research, the Ch’ of
Chinese medicine, the Hindu divine energy of Shakti, the Hebraic ruach, the
Cabalist’s Yesod, the Sufis Baraka, the Christian Holy Spirit, the Yogic breath
energy, prana, Mesmer’s animal magnetism, Galvani’s life force, Goethe’s
Gestaltung, Madam Blavatsky’s astral light, Georg Groddeck’s it, Henri Bergson’s
elan vitale, Schroedingers entropy, Abraham Maslow, Ruth Benedict and
Buckminister Fuller's synergy, Bertalanffy’s anamorphosis, Colin Wilson’s x factor
and George De la Warr’s biomagnetism. Of course, by nationality, culture and field
of study, there are many more examples, each locally defined by its particular
context and haunting with its promise of universality.

Energy in the context of mathematical physics is intuitional, abstract and
relational. It is not created or destroyed, but rather transformed. Consistent with his

deceptively simple style of physical intuition training of the young, Feynman’s

45

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013545
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019508.txt,"20 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

applied only in this capacity, which entailed a five-year employment
agreement, the minimum requirement for an intelligence technol-
ogy job was an associate’s degree awarded by a two-year community
college in electronics and communications, engineering technology,
computer network systems, or electronics engineering technology.
Candidates had to have had a final GPA of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale
from a fully accredited technical school or university. Snowden, as
we've seen, did not meet these standards. If a candidate lacks these
qualifications, the CIA can make an exception only if he or she has
at least two years’ civilian or military work experience in the tele-
communications and/or automated information systems field that is
comparable to one of the requisite degree fields. Snowden in no way
qualified in this way either.

Under extraordinary circumstances, even the minimum require-
ments might be waived if the applicant had a distinguished mili-
tary career and an honorable discharge. Snowden, however, did not
complete his military training at Fort Benning and received only an
administrative discharge.

© The CIA, to be sure, had needed computer-savvy recruits to ser- ©
vice its expanding array of computer systems since 1990. By 2006,
however, there was no shortage of fully qualified applicants for IT
jobs who met the CIA’s minimum standards. Most of them had uni-
versity course records, work experience at IT companies, computer
science training certificates from technical schools, and other such
credentials. The CIA, like the NSA, also obtained technicians with
special skills for IT jobs from outside contractors. So it had no need
for employing a twenty-two-year-old dropout who did not meet its
requisites. According to Tyler Drumheller, a former CIA station chief
in Europe, the only plausible way that Snowden, with no qualifica-
tions, was allowed to jump the queue was that “he had some pull.”

In 2006, Snowden’s grandfather, who had attained the rank of
rear admiral, was certainly well connected in the intelligence world.
After twenty years’ service in the Coast Guard, Barrett had joined
an interagency task force in 1998, which included top executives
from the CIA, the FBI, and the Drug Enforcement Administration.
It had been set up to monitor any gaps in the U.S. embargo on Cuba,
and Barrett, as one of its leaders, was in constant liaison with the

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 20 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019508
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012883.txt,"intuition. It is a heuristic or rule of thumb that may be right much of the time. When I do something, as
long as it is not by accident, my intentions and goals are more clear cut than when I fail to do something
or allow it to happen. If I punch you and your arm bruises, the causality is clear: I caused your arm to
bruise. Iam responsible for this harm. I should be punished. If I stand by as someone is about to punch
you, but don’t deflect the punch when I easily could have, it feels odd to say that I caused your arm to
bruise. It also seems strange to say that Iam responsible and should be punished. By not deflecting the
punch, I allowed the harm to occur. I could have prevented it from happening, but I am not obliged to. As
social creatures, we have been designed to pick up on cues that reliably classify people into friends and
enemies. Friends intentionally help us while enemies intentionally harm us. Actions showcase our
intentions better than omissions.

The omission effect also makes sense in terms of personal responsibility. Not only do our guts tell
us that actors are more responsible for outcomes than omitters, but our guts also tell us that it is hard to
hold others responsible for their omissions. As I sit and write these words, I am committing heinous acts
of omission: I am not currently giving money to any charities, am not scheduled to teach in the dozens of
refugee camps around the world, and am not volunteering for any of the peace keeping armies sponsored
by the UN. Iam also guilty of many other minor crimes of omission, including the failure to consistently
give my change to homeless individuals, and the failure to spend time in homes for the elderly and
mentally handicapped. As I sit, Irack up countless harms of omission. It is hopefully the absurdity of this
comment that shows why there is a fracture in the arm that connects omissions to responsibility. In a large
scale society, it is impossible for us to hold people responsible for their omissions. There are far too many
reasons, often good ones, why people don’t act. The universe of reasons for acting is smaller.

If the omission effect arises because it is virtually impossible to hold omitters responsible in a
large scale society, than what about small scale societies including the hunter-gathers of our past, and the
tiny hamlets and villages that dot many countries, both developed and developing? When the number of
people that you know and interact with is small, does the omission effect vanish? In a fish bowl
community, you should be able to hold all of the other fish responsible for their actions and omissions
because you know what they are up to. To explore this idea, the psychologist Linda Abarbanell and I ran
a study with a rural, small scale Mayan population, living in the Chiapas region of Mexico. Every
individual listened to a reading of a moral dilemma. Each dilemma described an action or an omission
that resulted in harming one person, but saving the lives of many. Subjects judged the moral
permissibility of the action or omission.

Unlike thousands of adults on the internet who judged similar dilemmas, as well as other Mayans

living in a city, individuals in this small scale Mayan population perceived no moral difference between

Hauser Chapter 4. Wicked in waiting 137

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012883
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026311.txt,"From: Steve Bannon 
Sent: 8/11/2018 2:36:42 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Bannon on How 2008 Planted the Seed for the Trump Presidency 
Importance: High 
And Cohn corrupt 
On Aug 10, 2018, at 10:34 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
calling mnuchin stupid was a lol 
On Fri, Aug 10, 2018 at 10:23 PM, Steve Bannon wrote: 
http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/08/steve-bannon-on-how-2008-planted-the-seed-for-the-trump-
presidency.html  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026311 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030573.txt,"﻿New York LinkedIn Prince Andrew Photos FastestFox Refinements [x] 
Jeffrey Epstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein 
Jeffrey Edward Epstein (bom January 20, 1953) is an American financier and scien. 
and education philanthropist. He is responsible for founding The Program ... 
Life - Financial career - Science funding - Solicitation of prostitution 
Jeffrey Epstein: International Moneyman of Mystery  
nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/n_7912/ 
He's pals with a passel of Nobel Prize—winning scientists, CEOs like Leslie Wexner of 
the Limited, socialite Ghislaine Maxwell, even Donald Trurnp. But it wasn't ... 
Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein: I'm a sex offender, not a predator ...  
www.nypost.conV.../perv_don_shrnear me_GzYVOfJYoWleF... 
Feb 25, 2011 — Billionaire pervert Jeffrey Epstein is back in New York City -- and 
making wi.cracks about his just-ended jail stint for having sex with an ... 
Home -JEFFREY EPSTEIN VI FOUNDATION  
www.jeffreyepsteinfoundation.corn/ 
coJenfffreeryentswteai:,fiHnaonldcseda beyosncifeerenncecepohfiiaNnotbherol pLiasuureeaffteresyto.DpsetfienienGanradvhityis......The 
Jeffrey Epstein  
www huffingtonpost.com/news/jeffrey-epstein 
Disgraced billionaire money manager (and former Bill Clinton associate) Jeffrey Epstein 
is back in New York City after 13 months of jail time for soli. 
JEFFREY EPSTEIN SCIENCE 
www.jeffreyepsteinscience.corn/ 
S. this Go Daddy InstantPagea htto://jeffreyedsteinscience.com. Get yours free with a 
domain name at GoDaddy.com. Investing in Scientific Education ... 
Jeffrey Epstein Foundation  
www jeffreyepstein.org/ 
Jeffrey Epstein Philanthropy supports a wide range of innovative initiatives around the 
world from education and youth programs to intemational peace accords ... 
Miami Hair Transplant I New York Hair Replacement 
www.foundhair.com/ 
il)DYr jJeeffrfeY 7s: re'i -.""c7pb'r'tijseeffinehaTr7eel "" • 
( patients experiencing varying degr.s of hair loss. Men may seek a hair 
. rey p nse e storation can greatly benefit male 
restoration ... 
Jeff Epstein profiles I Linkedln  
usslinkedin.com/pub/dir/Jeff/Epstein 
View the profiles of professionals named Jeff Epstein on Linkedln. There are 25 
professionals named Jeff Epstein, who use Linkedln to exchange information, ... 
Jeff N. Epstein, PhD  
www.cincinnatichildrens.org/bio/e/jeff-epstein/ 
Jeff N. Epstein, PhD, is the director of the Center for ADHD and a professor of 
pediatrics for the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology at ... 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018616.txt,"offhand wistful comments such as, ""If you weren't already married, haha....”

Olivia asked my advice on one of these guys, who was clearly falling in love with her
from the start. She mentioned that she'd already talked to another sex worker about it.
The other worker's reaction was, essentially, ""What problem?"" As Olivia put it: ""She told
me that the guy is basically a locked-in regular now, so what am I so bothered about?""
But after a while, Olivia couldn't take how guilty and anxious she felt around this guy,
what with the feelings she couldn't return. She stopped responding to his messages, but
didn't tell him clearly that it was over because trying to phrase the email felt so awful.

""I was so unprofessional about it,"" she said. ""In the end, he sent me this incredibly sweet
note asking what he'd done to hurt me so badly. So my husband helped me write a 'it's not
you, it's me’ breakup email. I still feel bad.”

Another facet of emotional difficulty arose when Olivia's husband started taking a
medication that decreased his libido. This put the couple in the odd position of Olivia
having sex with other men, but not her husband -- with her husband's full knowledge and
consent. Although her husband tried to reassure her, she began feeling less secure and
stable at home. And sex work is stressful enough that home security can really, really
matter. Indeed, at one point Olivia mentioned: ""One of my friends is tempted to get into
sex work. But she says she doesn't think she can deal with it, emotionally, unless she has
a partner at home who loves her and will back her up. So I'm not supposed to let her have
sex for money until she's in a good solid relationship.”

Finally, as Olivia fielded other life stresses, she flatly realized that she couldn't have
anything extra going on. What with all the above conversations, we saw signs that the
change was coming, but when it arrived it was both sudden and intense. ""One day I just
knew I had to stop,” she told me. ""It's bad, because we're behind on rent now, but I had to
stop. My husband pointed out, gently, that we need the money. But of course he accepted
it when I said I was done. Anyway, I managed to line up a good temp job, so we're okay
for now.""

I tried to show in the original interview that Olivia is very privileged compared to most
sex workers. She's got race privilege for her whiteness, class privilege from her
background; she's pretty and young and ""valuable,"" and has tons of education to boot.
She doesn't have a drug habit or some other truly debilitating issue. Although she's under
some financial stress, she's not desperate.

And that leads me to this question:

If even a woman like Olivia -- who was well-treated and made a lot of money and didn't
feel trapped; whose life sounded like the glam fantasy of today's high-end call girl -- if
even a woman like Olivia eventually needed a break from sex for money, then what
could this imply about the experience of less privileged women? I've got a bunch of sex
worker friends, and I would never say that a woman can't be a 100% consenting adult sex
worker who enjoys her job. But what I'm trying to get at, here, is that even on the ""high
end,” sex work can be incredibly demanding. Even when sex work is as pleasant as it
possibly can be, it's often very hard.

I'd like to see more conversations that acknowledge the reality of sex work as

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018616
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016074.txt,"384

Journal
Scientific American
Wikipedia

The Economist

Science: The American Institute

for the Advancement of Science.

Mind
Google Scholar

Google Books

Amazon

JStor

Arxiv.org

SpringerLink

Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

Cost
Some free articles, Membership $150 p.a.
Free

Free to search but a subscription needed for
full articles, $200

Annual Subscription $151

Annual Subscription, $200

Free to search and often free to view, but
some articles require membership of under-
lying services. From here you jump off into
an endless series of journals too numerous
to mention.

Free, but you buy a lot of books!

Some free material but again lot of book
buying

Variable, based on area of interest

All the pre-prints of forthcoming papers.
Invaluable. Free

Article by article purchase, $35 each

Subscriptions and Sources

Chapter 1

Bellos, Alex. Alex’s Adventures in Numberland. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 2010.
by Richard Roeper. Urban Legends: The Truth behind All Those Deliciously
Entertaining Myths That Are Absolutely, Positively, 100 Percent Not True.

Career Press, 1999.

Cairns-Smith, A. Graham. Evolving the Mind: On the Nature of Matter and the
Origin of Consciousness. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Dawkins, Richard. The Magic of Reality: How We Know What’ Really True. Bantam

Press, 2011.

Ericsson, K. Anders. “Attaining Excellence through Deliberate Practice: Insights
from the Study of Expert Performance.” The Pursuit of Excellence through

Education, 2002, 21-55.

———. “Deliberate Practice and the Acquisition and Maintenance of Expert
Performance in Medicine and Related Domains.’ Academic Medicine 79, no.

10 (2004): $70-81.

Ericsson, K. Anders, Ralf T. Krampe, and Clemens Tesch-Rémer. “The Role of
Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance.’ Psychological

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016074
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020389.txt,"ba i

CHAPTER FOUR
Secret Agent

1. “An hour-long NBC television interview....” Williams. NBC
Interview, op.cit.

2. “Part of a 12 man team...”-- Author’s Interview with former CIA
officer who requested anonymity (Hereinafter Source E.)
3. “The only person there to...”—Mavanee Anderson interview, “Edward

Snowden's Friend Mavanee Anderson Exclusive Interview,”
MSNBC,’Last Word,” www.youtube.com/watch?v=beQUMdolBWE
4. “He received an unfavorable evaluation,,,”—Eric Schmitt, “C.I.A.
Warning on Snowden in ’09 Said to Slip Through the Cracks, New
York Times, October 10, 2013
5. “It was not a stellar...”—Author’s interviews with Tyler Drumheller
6. “Snowden’s superior had suspected...”-- Eric Schmitt, “C.L.A.
Warning on Snowden in ’09 Said to Slip Through the Cracks, New

York Times, October 10, 2013

7. “The discrepancy was explained. ..”—Author’s interview with Source
H.
8. “Snowden blamed his career-ending...”— Snowden was interviewed

via the Internet by James Risen, James Risen, “Snowden Says He Took
No Secret Files to Russia,” New York Times, October 17, 2013

9. “NSA experts who examined...”—Snowden interview with James
Bamford. Wired, op.cit.

10. “Snowden later told Vanity Fair’ —“The Snowden Saga,” Vanity
Fair.op.cit.

""T realized that I was...”—-Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras and Ewen
MacAskill, “Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA
surveillance revelations,” Guardian, June 9, 2013

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020389
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030215.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 9/9/2014 11:53:57 AM 
To: Peter Thiel 
Subject: Re: 
13 th afternoon you and I. then bill burns. the diplmats diplomat. eyeing dinner with woody all casual.. if 
you choose we can bring in kathy ruemmler. former obama counsel for 5 years. and or sen Bob 
kerrey, former senate intellignece 
On Mon, Sep 8, 2014 at 10:56 PM, Peter Thiel  INIMMEM> wrote: 
Would be cool to meet him sometime, but don't go out of the way to make this happen... 
Are we planning something the weekend of the 13th-14th? 
On Sep 8, 2014, at 5:40 PM, ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com<mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com>> wrote: 
any interest in woody allen 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com<mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com>, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030215 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030294.txt,"2]

balance, to believe we will stay healthy, but get medical insurance
anyway; to be certain the sun will shine, but grab an umbrella on our
way out — just in case.

Adapted from The Optimism Bias, by Tali Sharot. Copyright © 2011
Tali Sharot. Reprinted with permission of Pantheon Books, a division

of Random House Inc. All rights reserved

Sharot is a research fellow at University College London's Wellcome
Trust Centre for Neuroimaging

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030294
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029744.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2018-12-05\E E-
2018-12-05 at 09.00.09.ichat 
Service: iMessage 
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End Time: 12/05/18 06:00:09 AM (565711209) 
Last Message ID: 24330 
Chat Room: 
Participants: jee, E E 
Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, 
Messages - 
lE on 
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Time: 12/05/18 04:09:01 AM (565704541) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BA52AB7C-85A9-495C-A7D5-28C6083AC964 
Message: so many guys caught in the me too . reaching out to me. asking when does the madness stop. funny 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
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Is Read: No 
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Message: uk you should kick boris johnson in the butt , he can do it 
Sender 
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Message: Madness just starting because now it has political power 
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Message: it is very biological, first a cell splits left-right, then divides further. gender etc. , breaks into 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029744 
smaller groups forming multi cells. . ripe for a central nervous system. authority, direction strength winning 
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Message: in cells there is a message to kill oneself if not part of the group. it is called apothosis. a protection 
against cancer. I have asked to start a new game theory course at harvard called the gangster game. it describes. 
trump. putin assad xi, duerte erdogan. gambino 
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Is Read: No 
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GUID: BEE80441-11E0-4559-98B7-D38397215852 
Message: if me too is political shouldn't you expect a counter party? 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 04:55:08 AM (565707308) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C0710CB6-37A0-494D-A3C0-17D8FCAA6C76 
Message: That's the populist nationalist party-- haven't u been taking notes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 04:55:46 AM (565707346) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6735EB8E-457C-4D36-B9CE-65FB81CB9F65 
Message: I've missed the we've had enough slogan, and hat 
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Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 92B59042-E9DC-4473-9AC1-C3FFBOC63702 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029745 
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Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1719AB87-2BF6-4A75-B175-5CAE8807DB34 
Message: a million man march on wash. all wearing the hat 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
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Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
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Message: or a multi message lesbian deplorable march as, both groups can champion the idea of not doing dick! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:31:56 AM (565709516) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CFCOCCB2-47C0-4834-B940-8B711668B847 
Message: hey, kwok steve wynn. careful 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:32:27 AM (565709547) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5FOOBACA-86B1-4340-8FD2-68E6C3 968921 
Message: ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:33:27 AM (565709607) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3228CE55-F2DD-4464-B6E4-54AC58306CEB 
Message: 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
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Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
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not for text 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029746 
Sender: __________________ 
Time: 12/05/18 05:41:48 AM (565710108) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EFF6E78D-7493-4A28-842E-142FFDB32970 
Message: It's what I tell folks about kwok- last line in the film ""geez boss , this is chinatown"" 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:44:19 AM (565710259) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: 8549900B-24F5-4D71-BFF1-A2E196A85CA8 
Message: if either one of us , in different investigations will need to testify publicly, it would be preferred to do it 
with two nostrils instead of one 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:47:19 AM (565710439) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D13180E6-CBE4-413C-A73F-42F1696E4581 
Message: You don't have to worry personally because I'm sending u somewhere beyond extradition 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:47:58 AM (565710478) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: 8274CFFD-2B07-4D9C-88D9-F22FE41593E0 
Message: faust 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:48:20 AM (565710500) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F29B834C-1EE6-41F3-A69F-16323143B3F1 
Message: as i didn't think you meant paradise 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029747 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:48:49 AM (565710529) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 82EC560D-E396-4ABO-941C-7116A56EA750 
Message: Faust exactly 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:49:17 AM (565710557) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: 92F98EAD-37D6-48A1-9D5F-05CE00565DE7 
Message: surprise surprise surprise gomer 
Sender:__________________ 
Time: 12/05/18 05:49:28 AM (565710568) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 67BOD4E2-7296-4A4E-9F97-AA826379B7DB 
Message: How's our curing breast cancer coming 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:49:44 AM (565710584) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: C4AD2AB1-AD42-45C3-B69D-1F92819EC3FE 
Message: im doing hands on research 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:50:27 AM (565710627) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: CFFB25B5-D749-4A04-B456-D4AB026CED27 
Message: breast cancer easier to cure than the me too movment 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:50:28 AM (565710628) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 81065F84-DDFF-417A-98DC-94CAD2B280A2 
Message: You are a brilliant guy--- go all in and organize a real effort to leave a mark 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:50:52 AM (565710652) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029748 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: 153F5422-E295-467B-8951-BD23D2E99390 
Message: I started 
Sender:__________________ 
Time: 12/05/18 05:51:16 AM (565710676) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8EF0153A-0A7F-45D2-BAD2-5E659AD8B579 
Message: Not 'me too'-- Times Up-- not about the act of sex-- about power dynamics 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:51:17 AM (565710677) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: BF242E81-5F78-479D-9AC6-8FF46BE1873A 
Message: dubin breast center mount sinai I m all over it 
Sender 
Time: 12/05/18 05:51:37 AM (565710697) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8F2F6F2D-A8B3-48D9-9D53-46F59BDO4A2A 
Message: Is that the best in the world ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:51:48 AM (565710708) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: A76D126E-3F7B-4121-BA01-3098B65002A6 
Message: of course, 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:51:59 AM (565710719) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: B18DDE7F-7D6A-4CD3-AB71-7154A28B5006 
Message: jews 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:52:32 AM (565710752) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029749 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8B86DCD5-E5D4-4E79-9294-7224150C804D 
Message: just hired ssomoen this morning. I follow directions well 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:52:32 AM (565710752) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3385F342-3A1C-4652-9BCC-8E10E66CB608 
Message: Love being a junior partner to chosen people of Yawweh 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:52:45 AM (565710765) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 06C4CA60-E226-44A6-AE16-9A66C6E7A1F8 
Message: Smart:: let's get rolling 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:53:13 AM (565710793) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6D222FA8-E9A2-4773-9252-49876CF8DFE1 
Message: yah weh. like mish a gas. got to get the spelling right 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:54:10 AM (565710850) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 49E87523-4186-48A9-A1CC-227E313755B1 
Message: not sure beezelbub is considered a junior partner. more like outside counsel 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:55:38 AM (565710938) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 08E7ECE9-4322-4C2E-9ABB-CD49E69581CD 
Message: re kwok , honybear ok. icarus not 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:58:17 AM (565711097) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4C459D1D-FF22-47B6-AEB5-40081EEC9FDE 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029750 
Message: I was referring to ALL Christians! 
Sender: 
Time: 12/05/18 05:58:45 AM (565711125) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 08C43EDO-EC54-4487-9429-B2997F349C31 
Message: Will explain kwok later-- like trump an instrument 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:59:01 AM (565711141) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 02E64D7E-7D06-4614-B949-C7DFA9E6EA04 
Message: I am very well informed there. , didn't know it was him 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 05:59:26 AM (565711166) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8EDB7230-6C32-43F5-B6BC-1A9627095B5F 
Message: as they use his chinese name 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 12/05/18 06:00:09 AM (565711209) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FB8AAAD7-92CC-4EDD-81DB-B13037850FDB 
Message: no pun intended but yellow flag 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029751 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011854.txt,"/ BARAK / 97

summit, we responded. The only, brief, lull came when Arafat feared the
Americans would cancel his scheduled visit to Washington to see Clinton on
November 9. I was due to follow him three days later.

I met Clinton and Dennis Ross over dinner in a little kitchen area attached to the
Oval Office, and both seemed surprisingly upbeat. The President said he’d told
Arafat the broad points that would be in the new American negotiating paper. It
was Camp David-plus. Assuming all issues in a final peace were agreed, the
Palestinians would now end up, after a land swap near Gaza, with a “mid-90-
percent” share of the West Bank. On Jerusalem, the guiding principle would be
“what is Arab will be Palestinian, and what is Jewish, Israeli.” On the Temple
Mount, the Haram al-Sharif, each side would have control of its own holy sites.
Finally, though Palestinian refugees would be free to return in unlimited numbers
to a new Palestinian state, there would be no “right of return” to pre-1967 Israel.
The President told me that after he’d run all this by Arafat, he and Dennis had
asked whether “in principle” these were parameters he could accept. Arafat had
said yes.

I assume they expected me to say the same. But I told them I couldn’t give them
an answer. What concerned me now was the violence. Until it was reined in, I
would not be party to rewarding Arafat diplomatically. I urged the Americans to
make ending the violence their focus as well, because if they didn’t get tougher on
Arafat’s noncompliance with anything resembling a de-escalation, Israel would do
SO.

Since the Knesset had returned before my trip to Washington, I’d needed first to
make sure my government would survive. The obvious, or at least the most
mathematically secure, choice would have been a deal with Sharon. Especially
since the lynching in Ramallah, there were calls from politicians on all sides for a
unity coalition between Labor and Likud. Arik definitely wanted in. The main
issue reamined the peace process. I didn’t find Arik’s specific objections to Camp
David hard to deal with. As I’d said from the start, the fact that we’d failed to reach
an agreement at the summit meant that any concessions I’d considered were now,

383
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011854
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026477.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 6/23/2018 3:38:53 PM 
To: Steve Bannon 
Subject: Re: Re: 
Attachments: image002.png; image003.png; image004.png; image001.png 
Importance: High 
maybe, but southern district. money laundering. . any action that ""offends the constitution"" . corrupt 
intent.. . many open questions. . flippers will dictate ( my view ) 
On Sat, Jun 23, 2018 at 2:44 PM, Steve Bannon <111> wrote: 
Big deal 
Begin forwarded message: 
Resent-From: ‹> 
From: ""Rivkin, David"" 
Date: June 23, 2018 at 8:14:49 AM EDT 
To: Steve Bannon __________________ 
Subject: Fwd: Re: 
Here it is. 
Sent from my iPhone 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: ""Grossman, Andrew M"" ________ 
Date: June 23, 2018 at 12:56:55 AM EDT 
To: ""Rivkin, David"" < 
Subject: Re: 
Mueller's Fruit of the Poisonous Tree 
It makes no difference how honorable he is. His investigation is tainted by the bias that 
attended its origin in 2016. 
By 
David B. Rivkin Jr. and 
Elizabeth Price Foley 
June 22, 2018 6:38 p.m. ET 
414 COMMENTS 
Special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation may face a serious legal obstacle: It is tainted by 
antecedent political bias. The June 14 report from Michael Horowitz, the Justice Department's 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026477 
inspector general, unearthed a pattern of anti-Trump bias by high-ranking officials at the Federal 
Bureau of Investigation. Some of their communications, the report says, were ""not only indicative of a 
biased state of mind but imply a willingness to take action to impact a presidential candidate's 
electoral prospects."" Although Mr. Horowitz could not definitively ascertain whether this bias 
""directly affected"" specific FBI actions in the Hillary Clinton email investigation, it nonetheless 
affects the legality of the Trump-Russia collusion inquiry, code-named Crossfire Hurricane. 
Crossfire was launched only months before the 2016 election. Its FBI progenitors—the same ones 
who had investigated Mrs. Clinton—deployed at least one informant to probe Trump campaign 
advisers, obtained Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court wiretap warrants, issued national security 
letters to gather records, and unmasked the identities of campaign officials who were surveilled. They 
also repeatedly leaked investigative information. 
Mr. Horowitz is separately scrutinizing Crossfire and isn't expected to finish for months. But the 
current report reveals that FBI officials displayed not merely an appearance of bias against Donald 
Trump, but animus bordering on hatred. Peter Strzok, who led both the Clinton and Trump 
investigations, confidently assuaged a colleague's fear that Mr. Trump would become president: ""No 
he won't. We'll stop it."" An unnamed FBI lawyer assigned to Crossfire told a colleague he was 
""devastated"" and ""numb"" after Mr. Trump won, while declaring to another FBI attorney: ""Viva le 
resistance."" 
The report highlights the FBI's failure to act promptly upon discovering that Anthony Weiner's laptop 
contained thousands of Mrs. Clinton's emails. Investigators justified the delay by citing the ""higher 
priority"" of Crossfire. But Mr. Horowitz writes: ""We did not have confidence that Strzok's decision to 
prioritize the Russia investigation over following up on [the] investigative lead discovered on the 
Weiner laptop was free from bias."" 
Similarly, although Mr. Horowitz found no evidence that then-FBI Director James Comey was trying 
to influence the election, Mr. Comey did make decisions based on political considerations. He told the 
inspector general that his election-eve decision to reopen the Clinton email investigation was 
motivated by a desire to protect her assumed presidency's legitimacy. 
The inspector general wrote that Mr. Strzok's text messages ""created the appearance that investigative 
decisions were impacted by bias or improper considerations."" The report adds, importantly, that ""most 
of the text messages raising such questions pertained to the Russia investigation."" Given how biases 
ineluctably shape behavior, these facts create a strong inference that by squelching the Clinton 
investigation and building a narrative of Trump-Russia collusion, a group of government officials 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026478 
I sought to bolster Mrs. Clinton's electoral chances and, if the unthinkable happened, obtain an 
insurance policy to cripple the Trump administration with accusations of illegitimacy. 
What does this have to do with Mr. Mueller, who was appointed in May 2017 after President Trump 
fired Mr. Comey? The inspector general concludes that the pervasive bias ""cast a cloud over the FBI 
investigations to which these employees were assigned,"" including Crossfire. And if Crossfire was 
politically motivated, then its culmination, the appointment of a special counsel, inherited the taint. All 
special-counsel activities—investigations, plea deals, subpoenas, reports, indictments and 
convictions—are fruit of a poisonous tree, byproducts of a violation of due process. That Mr. Mueller 
and his staff had nothing to do with Crossfire's origin offers no cure. 
When the government deprives a person of life, liberty or property, it is required to use fundamentally 
fair processes. The Supreme Court has made clear that when governmental action ""shocks the 
conscience,"" it violates due process. Such conduct includes investigative or prosecutorial efforts that 
appear, under the totality of the circumstances, to be motivated by corruption, bias or entrapment. 
In U.S. v. Russell (1973), the justices observed: ""We may someday be presented with a situation in 
which the conduct of law enforcement agents is so outrageous that due process principles would 
absolutely bar the government from invoking judicial processes to obtain a conviction."" It didn't take 
long. In Blackledge v. Perry (1974), the court concluded that due process was offended by a 
prosecutor's ""realistic likelihood of 'vindictiveness' "" that tainted the ""very initiation of proceedings."" 
In Young v. U.S. ex rel. Vuitton (1987), the justices held that because prosecutors have ""power to 
employ the full machinery of the state in scrutinizing any given individual. . . we must have assurance 
that those who would wield this power will be guided solely by their sense of public responsibility for 
the attainment of justice."" Prosecutors must be ""disinterested"" and make ""dispassionate assessments,"" 
free from any personal bias. 
In Williams v. Pennsylvania (2016), the court held that a state judge's potential bias violated due 
process because he had played a role, a quarter-century earlier, in prosecuting the death-row inmate 
whose habeas corpus petition he was hearing. The passage of time and involvement of others do not 
vitiate the taint but heighten ""the need for objective rules preventing the operation of bias that might 
otherwise be obscured,"" the justices wrote. A single biased individual ""might still have an influence 
that, while not so visible . . . is nevertheless significant."" 
In addition to the numerous anti-Trump messages uncovered by the inspector general, there is a strong 
circumstantial case—including personnel, timing, methods and the absence of evidence—that 
Crossfire was initiated for political, not national-security, purposes. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026479 
It was initiated in defiance of a longstanding Justice Department presumption against investigating 
campaigns in an election year. And while impartiality is always required, a 2012 memo by then-
Attorney General Eric Holder emphasizes that impartiality is ""particularly important in an election 
year,"" and ""politics must play no role in the decisions of federal prosecutors or investigators regarding 
any investigations. . . . Law enforcement officers and prosecutors may never select the timing of 
investigative steps or criminal charges for the purpose of affecting any election, or for the purpose of 
giving an advantage or disadvantage to any candidate or political party."" 
Strong evidence of a crime can overcome this policy, as was the case with the bureau's investigation 
of Mrs. Clinton's private email server, which began more than a year before the 2016 election. But 
Crossfire was not a criminal investigation. It was a counterintelligence investigation predicated on the 
notion that Russia could be colluding with the Trump campaign. There appears to have been no 
discernible evidence of Trump-Russia collusion at the time Crossfire was launched, further reinforcing 
the notion that it was initiated ""for the purpose"" of affecting the presidential election. 
The chief evidence of collusion is the hacking of the Democratic National Committee's servers. But 
nothing in the public record suggests the Trump campaign aided that effort. The collusion narrative 
therefore hinges on the more generic assertion that Russia aimed to help Mr. Trump's election, and 
that the Trump campaign reciprocated by embracing pro-Russian policies. Yet despite massive 
surveillance and investigation, there's still no public evidence of any such exchange—only that Russia 
attempted to sow political discord by undermining Mrs. Clinton and to a lesser extent Mr. Trump. 
Some members of the Trump team interacted with Russians and advocated dovish policies. But so did 
numerous American political and academic elites, including many Clinton advisers. Presidential 
campaigns routinely seek opposition research and interact with foreign powers. The Clinton campaign 
funded the Steele dossier, whose British author paid Russians to dish anti-Trump dirt. The Podesta 
Group, led by the brother of Mrs. Clinton's campaign chairman, received millions lobbying for 
Russia's largest bank and the European Center for a Modern Ukraine, both with deep Kremlin ties. 
The Clinton Foundation and Bill Clinton took millions from Kremlin-connected businesses. 
No evidence has emerged of Trump-Russia collusion, and Mr. Mueller has yet to bring collusion-
related charges against anyone. Evidence suggests one of his targets, George Papadopoulos, was lured 
to London, plied with the prospect of Russian information damaging to Mrs. Clinton, and taken to 
dinner, where he drunkenly bragged that he'd heard about such dirt but never seen it. These 
circumstances not only fail to suggest Mr. Papadopoulos committed a crime, they reek of entrapment. 
The source of this information, former Australian diplomat Alexander Downer, admits Mr. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026480 
Papadopolous never mentioned emails, destroying any reasonable inference of a connection between 
the DNC hack and the Trump campaign. 
Crossfire's progenitors thus ignored an obvious question: If Russia promised unspecified dirt on Mrs. 
Clinton but never delivered it, how would that amount to collusion with the Trump campaign? If 
anything, such behavior suggests an attempt to entice and potentially embarrass Mr. Trump by 
dangling the prospect of compromising information and getting his aides to jump at it. 
Given the paucity of evidence, it's staggering that the FBI would initiate a counterintelligence 
investigation, led by politically biased staff, amid a presidential campaign. The aggressive methods 
and subsequent leaking only strengthen that conclusion. If the FBI sincerely believed Trump 
associates were Russian targets or agents, the proper response would have been to inform Mr. Trump 
so that he could protect his campaign and the country. 
Mr. Trump's critics argue that the claim of political bias is belied by the fact that Crossfire was not 
leaked before the election. In fact, there were vigorous, successful pre-election efforts to publicize the 
Trump-Russia collusion narrative. Shortly after Crossfire's launch, CIA Director John Brennan and 
Mr. Comey briefed Congress, triggering predictable leaking. Christopher Steele and his patrons 
embarked on a media roadshow, making their dossier something of an open secret in Washington. 
On Aug. 29, 2016, the New York Times published a letter to Mr. Comey from Senate Minority Leader 
Harry Reid, saying he'd learned of ""evidence of a direct connection between the Russian government 
and Donald Trump's presidential campaign,"" which had ""employed a number of individuals with 
significant and disturbing ties to Russia and the Kremlin."" On Aug. 30, the ranking Democratic 
members of four House committees wrote a public letter to Mr. Comey requesting ""that the FBI assess 
whether connections between Trump campaign officials and Russian interests"" may have contributed 
to the DNC hack so as ""to interfere with the U.S. presidential election."" On Sept. 23, Yahoo News's 
Michael Isikoff reported the Hill briefings and the Steele dossier's allegations regarding Carter Page. 
On Oct. 30, Harry Reid again publicly wrote Mr. Comey: ""In my communications with you and other 
top officials in the national security community, it has become clear that you possess explosive 
information about close ties and coordination between Donald Trump, his top advisors, and the 
Russian government."" 
That these leaking efforts failed to prevent Mr. Trump's victory, or that Mr. Comey's ham-fisted 
interventions might have also hurt Mrs. Clinton's electoral prospects, does not diminish the legal 
significance of the anti-Trump bias shown by government officials. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026481 
The totality of the circumstances creates the appearance that Crossfire was politically motivated. Since 
an attempt by federal law enforcement to influence a presidential election ""shocks the conscience,"" 
any prosecutorial effort derived from such an outrageous abuse of power must be suppressed. The 
public will learn more once the inspector general finishes his investigation into Crossfire's genesis. 
But given what is now known, due process demands, at a minimum, that the special counsel's activity 
be paused. Those affected by Mr. Mueller's investigation could litigate such an argument in court. 
One would hope, however, that given the facts either Mr. Mueller himself or Deputy Attorney General 
Rod Rosenstein would do it first. 
Mr. Rivkin and Ms. Foley practice appellate and constitutional law in Washington. He served at the 
Justice Department and the White House Counsel's Office during the Reagan and George H.W. Bush 
administrations. She is a professor at Florida International University College of Law. 
Appeared in the June 23, 2018, print edition. 
Best, 
Andrew 
Andrew Grossman 
Partner 
BakerHostetler 
Washington Square 
1050 Connecticut Ave, N.W. I Suite 1100 
Washington, DC 20036-5304 
bakerlaw.com 
00 
From: ""Rivkin, David"" < 
Date: Friday, June 22, 2018 at 7:50 PM 
To: ""Grossman, Andrew M"" 
Subject: <no subject> 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026482 
Can you please send me WSJ op Ed. Tx 
Sent from my iPhone 
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please note 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026483 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010592.txt,"68. | While Epstein and others were preventing any legitimate discovery into his sexual
afc of minor girls, at the same time he was engaging (through his attorneys) in brutal
questioning of the girls who had filed civil suits against him, questioning so savage that it made
local headlines. See Jane Musgrave, Victims Seeking Sex offender’s Millions See Painful Pasts
Used Against Them, Palm Beach Post News, Jan. 23, 2010, available at
http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/crime/victims-seeking-sex-offenders-millions-see-painful-
pasts-192988.html attached hereto as Exhibit “LL.”

Edwards Pursues Other Lines of Discovery

69. Because of Epstein’s thwarting of discovery and attacks on Edwards’s clients,
Edwards was forced to pursue other avenues of discovery. Edwards only pursued legitimate
discovery designed to further the cases filed against Epstein. See Edwards Affidavit, Exhibit
“N” at 11.

70. | Edwards notified Epstein’s attorneys of his intent to take Bill Clinton's deposition.
Edwards possessed a legitimate basis for doing so: (a) Clinton was friends with Ghislaine
Maxwell who was Epstein's longtime companion and helped to run Epstein’s companies, kept
images of naked underage children on her computer, helped to recruit underage children for
Epstein, engaged in lesbian sex with underage females that she procured for Epstein, and
photographed underage females in sexually explicit poses and kept child pornography on her
computer; (b) it was national news when Clinton traveled with Epstein aboard Epstein’s private
plane to Africa and the news articles classified Clinton as Epstein’s friend. (c) the complaint
filed on behalf of Jane Doe No. 102 stated generally that she was required by Epstein to be

sexually exploited by not only Epstein but also Epstein’s “adult male peers, including royalty,
27

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010592
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013223.txt,"Chapter 17
A Preschool-Based Roadmap to Advanced AGI

17.1 Introduction

Supposing the CogPrime approach to creating advanced AGI is workable — then what are the
right practical steps to follow? The various structures and algorithms outlined in Part 2 of
this book should be engineered and software-tested, of course — but that’s only part of the
study. The AGI system implemented will need to be taught, and it will need to be placed in
situations where it can develop an appropriate self-model and other critical internal network
structures. The complex structures and algorithms involved will need to be fine-tuned in various
ways, based on qualitatively observing the overall system’s behavior in various situations. To
get all this right without excessive confusion or time-wastage requires a fairly clear roadmap for
CogPrime development.

In this chapter we’ll sketch one particular roadmap for the development of human-level,
roughly human-like AGI — which we’re not selling as the only one, or even necessarily as the
best one. It’s just one roadmap that we have thought about a lot, and that we believe has a
strong chance of proving effective. Given resources to pursue only one path for AGI development
and teaching, this would be our choice, at present. The roadmap outlined here is not restricted
to CogPrime in any highly particular ways, but it has been developed largely with CogPrime
in mind; those developing other AGI designs could probably use this roadmap just fine, but
might end up wanting to make various adjustments based on the strengths and weaknesses of
their own approach.

What we mean here by a ""roadmap"" is, in brief: a sequence of ""milestone"" tasks, occurring
in a small set of common environments or ""scenarios,"" organized so as to lead to a commonly
agreed upon set of long-term goals. I.e., what we are after here is a ""capability roadmap"" —
roadmap laying out a series of capabilities whose achievement seems likely to lead to human-
level AGI. Other sorts of roadmaps such as ""tools roadmaps"" may also be valuable, but are not
our concern here.

More precisely, we confront the task of roadmapping by identifying scenarios in which to
embed our AGI system, and then ""competency areas"" in which the AGI system must be eval-
uated. Then, we envision a roadmap as consisting of a set of one or more task-sets, where each
task set is formed from a combination of a scenario with a list of competency areas. To create
a task-set one must choose a particular scenario, and then articulate a set of specific tasks,
each one addressing one or more of the competency areas. Each task must then get associated
with particular performance metrics — quantitative wherever possible, but perhaps qualitative

307

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013223
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022040.txt,"2ATTERSON

., artificial intelligence, systems of
d other topics.

get-togethers like this for years.
*s investigation, in March of 2006,
physicists— including three Nobel
brity physicist Stephen Hawking —

im called “Confronting Gravity,” |
yorkshop to explore fundamental j q CHAPTER 61
\ology.” £:

p,” one of the Nobel Prize winners

as Source.
pt fun and physics, and that’s fun

. Al Seckel: January 2012
lly interested in Stephen Hawking.
orized, the universe would stop
pstein’s partner in the Mindshift conference, a man named
Al Seckel, was known for throwing fabulous parties that
G were said to have included the actor Dudley Moore, magi-
cian James “the Amazing” Randi, and future Tesla and SpaceX
7 ""founder Elon Musk, as well as many of the scientists Jeffrey
‘ Se sstein would court in the course of his own climb up the social
4 ladder.
1 In certain Los Angeles circles, Al Seckel was a very good man
a know. But, like Jeffrey Epstein, Seckel was a sort of illusionist
ering to Mark Oppenheimer, a journalist who knew seckel
and followed his career for fifteen years, Seckel made his money

by sel
ling rare books and papers, often through his social and
aca demic connections.

aich point time would begin to run
1 that computer viruses were living F
1 the size of the universe, alien life 3
eve in God. But he had a vast appre- :
as of the universe, and this is why ©
iendous gift. He paid to have a sub- —
uld fit Hawking and his wheelchair
: glimpse of an actual alien world—~
aves of the ocean.
ymantic, generous gestures that Je :

*3 «
a ‘A *
E number of these transactions resulted in accusations and
it ” . .
Ss, Oppenheimer would write. “In speaking to former

233

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022040
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021549.txt,"""8A THE PALM BEACH POST © TUESDAY, JULY 1, 2008

UMA SANGHVI/Staff Photographer

Jeffrey Epstein, (left) appears in court Monday. Soon after he was charged two years ago, Epstein reject-
ed a deal that would have given him five years’ probation and no criminal record, documents show.

~ HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021549
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030805.txt,"JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030805
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016514.txt,"Page 5 of 42
103 Minn. L. Rev. 844, *850

It is [*851] unclear what portion of those incidents merit criminal prosecution. Key facts are often disputed, and while federal
and state jurisdiction are coextensive here, federal criminal law generally sets a higher bar for liability than state law, especially
due to its more onerous mens rea requirement. 7? That makes the former an imperfect backstop to the latter, because they are
only partially redundant. And as recent changes in federal policy suggest, 74 redundancy between governments is subject to
political shifts in those governments; federal oversight of state enforcement works only if federal officials are committed to the
oversight role. Moreover, keeping prosecution in the exclusive province of executive officials keeps prosecutorial discretion
more closely aligned with political majorities and thereby with popular sentiments about certain groups of defendants (such as
police officers) and victim groups (such as criminal suspects). In this context, redundancy in state law charging by courts or
private actors, rather than rival prosecutors, might make a real contribution. Finally, cases of sexual assault reveal a weakness
of federalism-based redundancy. State and federal criminal jurisdiction in the United States overlap more than elsewhere, but
they are not wholly coextensive. Federal prosecutors lack authority over most assaults that do not involve public officials or
federal [*852] property. Sexual assaults are one context in which the enforcement strategies favored in Europe and England -
regulated private prosecution or review of declination decisions - hold more promise.

I. UNDERENFORCEMENT AND REASONS NOT TO PROSECUTE
A. Sources of Unyustified Noncharging Decisions

Public prosecutors are the gatekeepers of criminal law enforcement, and justice systems employ a variety of safeguards against
prosecutors’ misjudgment, bias, incompetence, or laziness. Most are directed at prosecutors’ charging decisions rather than
decisions declining to charge (i.c., declination decisions), for familiar reasons - charging creates real burdens and risks for
defendants. *° Many familiar procedural components are aimed at preventing improper criminal charges or the harm they can
cause. Requirements that charges are based on sufficient evidence are an obvious example, but double jeopardy laws and
restrictions on prosecutors’ conflicts of interest serve the same purpose. The full range of pretrial and trial procedures designed
to assure accurate and unbiased adjudication are intended to sort out improper charges and attach punishments only to proper
ones. 7°

Safeguards against nonenforcement, or unjustified decisions not to prosecute, are fewer, are less explicit, and (in common law
jurisdictions) are less often in the form of legal rules and mandates. One explanation for this is simply that the interests at stake
are not as high - no individual faces prosecution and possible punishment. Another is that many non-prosecution decisions

2 Police violence is often prosecuted under 18 U.S.C. § 242 (2012) (criminalizing the deprivation of rights under color of law). On
challenges to prosecuting police violence, including federal law's intent requirement, see Barbara E. Armacost, Organizational Culture and
Police Misconduct, 72 Geo. Wash. I. Rev. 453, 465-67 (2004); Mary M. Cheh, Are Lawsuits an Answer to Police Brutality?, in Police
Violence 247, 253, 258-66 (William A. Geller & Hans Toch eds., 1996); John V. Jacobi, Prosecuting Police Misconduct, 2000 Wis. L. Rev.
789, 806-11 (2000); Paul J. Watford, Screws v. United States and the Birth of Federal Civil Rights Enforcement, 98 Marg. L. Rev. 465, 477-
86 (2014); Mark Joseph Stern, Why the Feds Can't Charge Darren Wilson: They Should, but the Supreme Court Gutted the Civil Rights Law
He Violated when He Killed Michael Brown, Slate (Mar. 4, 2015),
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2014/11/will_justice_department_charge_darren_wilson

supreme_court_gutted_civil-html; William Yeomans, The Cognitive Dissonance of Federal Civil Rights Prosecutions and Race, ACS Blog
(Feb. 13, 2015), hitps://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/the-cognitive-dissonance-of-federal-civil-rights -prosecutions-and-race.

4 See, e.g., U.S. Attorney Gen., Memorandum: Supporting Federal, State, Local and Tribal Law Enforcement (2017); Sari Horwitz et al.,
Sessions Orders Justice Department to Review All Police Reform Agreements, Wash. Post (Apr. 3, 2017),
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national -security/sessions-orders-justice-department-to-review-all-police-reform -
agreements/2017/04/03/ba934058- 18bd-1 1e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html.

2% See, e.g., United States v. Armstrong, 517 U.S. 456, 463-66 (1996) (examining the Equal Protection Clause's prohibition on racially-
motivated charging); Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598, 608 (1985) (holding due process bars prosecution in retaliation for exercising
fundamental rights); Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352, 355 (1983) (holding due process bars unduly vague offense definitions to reduce
opportunities for selective enforcement); Papachristou v. Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156, 162 (1972) (same).

26 See Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 156 (1968) (regarding trial by jury as a ""safeguard against the corrupt or overzealous
prosecutor"").

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016514
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025445.txt,"Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: A45321BF-3708-4108-BO2E-7ABE74214CD2

Message: Okay sounds good. I will do that this week

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/18/19 09:32:00 AM (574619520)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 76DE7A54-1265-4966-A58D-AB3FE5285854

and will let you know

Message: its possible that they will need a balance so we will deposit money ete

Time: 03/18/19 09:32:15 AM (574619535)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 04D2B05C-412F-462A-8FB5-456FE12C803C

Message: Okay will let you know!!!

Sender: i’

Time: 03/18/19 09:32:18 AM (574619538)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

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GUID: 9089B3AC-4A9D-4049-BF5F-102204A0B467

Message: Its a great idea

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/18/19 01:19:11 PM (574633151)
Flags: 1085445
Is Read: No

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Message: My new disguise to avoid paparazzi

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

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Flags: 1150981

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025445
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023717.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 11/14/2016 3:34:18 PM
To: Thomas Jr., Landon
Subject: Re: EJROPEAN MULTI ASSET COVERAGE MEETING IMPRESSIONS: Eyes on Real Money outflows; Christmas comes

early for most of macro players, hedge funds. Absolute majority bet on HRC to win, but majority still made good
money because ....

thx

On Mon, Nov 14, 2016 at 10:32 AM, Thomas Jr., Landon ~~ 8 8=—t—‘“‘_OSCSS' wrote:
The latest thinking from London hedge fund crowd
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Ozan Tarman <
Date: Mon, Nov 14, 2016 at 9:40 AM
Subject: EDROPEAN MULTI ASSET COVERAGE MEETING IMPRESSIONS: Eyes on Real Money
outflows; Christmas comes early for most of macro players, hedge funds. Absolute majority bet on HRC to
win, but majority still made good money because ....
To:

Classification: Public

EUROPEAN MULTI ASSET COVERAGE MEETING IMPRESSIONS: Eyes on Real Money outflows;
Christmas comes early for most of macro players, hedge funds. Absolute majority bet on HRC to win, but
majority still made good money because Hillary bets worked as Trump trades.

Wider, steeper core rates, stronger USD, weaker EM is the Rage. The last one, EM, is the big loser out of
Trump Reflation Theme. DM over EM and divergence within DM are very much in vogue. All gains of EMBI
since March are gone!

For Rates & FX, it does feel like early days of Taper Tantrum trade of 3 years ago. Both dominated by US
price action. In both, hedge funds have now caught the moves, play offense & ride the Trump narrative. Real
Money is on the ropes, caught long Fixed Income/duration/carry and cannot play defense fearing Outflows.

In Emerging Markets, most outflows are retail, ETF driven. All eyes on next leg of institutions. In equities,
banks big winners; FANGs losing. I asked partners 2 questions. 1) Would the ""this will be great for business,
feel good factor"" wave out-run ""if real yields go up, equities are a sell"" fear. Clients are torn, but the former,
bullish camp wins for now, my colleagues suggest. There are skeptics though.

2) In Europe, do fears over Renzi losing & Le Pen winning climb over the big momentum behind banks etc.
Again, my equity team suggests, ""no, reflation wave may win over Italy referendum anxiety,, for now."" Renzi
is now widely expected to lose, so a ""yes"" would be the big surprise trade. And the bigger elephant in the room
is Le Pen. If she wins in May, Europe as we know it may really shake.. But for now this is more in the radars
of Euro & EBG traders.

Core rates are driven by the speed of TY sell-off. And in GS FX, the big driver is USD/JPY. The stronger ""we
should believe in Trump reflation narrative"" winds are, the more USD/JPY buyers we see.

Some in Research warn that Trump may succeed in ""tax cuts, faster than any infrastructure spending,"" but few
macro are in mood to listen. A few players believe, looking at trade weights of each with US and magnitude of

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023717
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024078.txt,"previously drawn down by the Fund (plus an additional amount thereon), there can be no
assurance that such payment will reflect the fair value of the Fund’s existing investments at the
time such additional Limited Partners subscribe for such interests.

Difficulty in Valuing Portfolio Investments and Distribution in Kind

Generally, there will be no readily available market for a substantial number of the Fund’s
investments and hence, most of the Fund’s investments will be difficult to value. The securities
in which the Fund will invest may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital
structure, and thus subject to the greatest risk of loss. It is highly speculative as to the whether
and when a portfolio company will be able to register its securities so that the securities become
eligible for trading in public markets. Certain investments may be distributed in kind to the
Partners of the Fund. An investor that receives assets other than cash from the Fund may incur
costs and delays in converting those assets to cash.

Non-Controlling Investments

The Fund generally expects to make non-controlling investments in portfolio companies where
the Fund may not be able to control or effectively influence the business or affairs of such
entities. Portfolio companies in which the Fund’s investments are made may have economic or
business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Fund, and the Fund may not
be in a position to influence those interests or goals or otherwise protect the value of the Fund’s
investments in such entities. In addition, although the Fund may seek board representation in
connection with its investments, there is no assurance that such representation, if sought, will
be obtained.

Service on Board of Directors

The Fund typically will seek to have observation or visitation rights or the right to designate
directors to serve on the boards of directors of the Fund’s portfolio companies. In addition,
affiliates of the General Partner may serve, from time to time, as officers or directors of the
portfolio companies. The foregoing rights and activities could expose the General Partner, its
affiliates and the assets of the Fund to regulatory action and/or lawsuits and claims by a
portfolio company, its security holders and its creditors. While the General Partner intends to
manage the Fund in a way that will minimize exposure to these risks, the possibility of
successful claims or lawsuits or adverse regulatory action cannot be eliminated, and such events
could have significant adverse effects on the Fund.

Material Non-Public Information

By reason of their responsibilities in connection with their other activities, certain affiliates of
the General Partner may acquire confidential or material non-public information or be
otherwise restricted from initiating transactions in certain securities. The Fund will not be free
to act upon any such information. Due to these restrictions, the Fund may be not be able to
initiate a transaction that it otherwise might have initiated and may not be able to sell an
investment that it might otherwise might have sold.

In their capacity as officers or directors, affiliates of the General Partner will be subject to
fiduciary or other duties to the portfolio company, which may adversely affect the Fund. For
example, the Fund may be prohibited from selling publicly traded securities of a portfolio
company if the General Partner or any of its affiliates is in possession of material non-public
information relating to such company.

67 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024078
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024983.txt,"26

being burned and burned again—long ago made her wary and
sometimes defensive.

Up, Up, and Away

As secretary of state, Hillary Clinton has flown more than half a
million miles to 80 countries in her two and a half years on the job.
Her plane looks like Air Force One on the outside, but isn’t as grand
on the inside. It’s one of four Boeing 757s that the military fitted with
15 ordinary coach seats for reporters in the rear, a business-class staff
workspace with tables in the middle that seats about 25, and
Clinton’s quarters up front near an area jammed with
communications gear. She spends most of her time in a small private
room with a desk, a modest pullout sofa bed, and a flat-screen for
secure videoconferencing. The intimacy of the quarters intensified an
already awkward trip at the end of February when Samantha Power,
who had been forced to resign from the Obama campaign in 2008
after calling Hillary a “monster,” traveled with the secretary of state
to a U.N. Human Rights Council meeting in Geneva. Some months
before he died, Richard Holbrooke, the legendary special
representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, had brokered peace
between them, but now no one knew what would happen en route. “It
was uncomfortable, but everyone was extremely professional,” said
one official aboard.

For most of her thousands of hours in the air, Hillary changes out of
her trademark pantsuit (yellow is her favorite color for clothes and in
the décor of her homes) into a fleece top and sweats. Meals consist
largely of fruit and vegetables (she has a special taste for hot peppers)
and maybe a scotch or Bloody Mary. “Don’t bring me the dessert!”
she loudly tells the flight attendants only moments before sauntering
into the staff cabin, brownie already in hand: “I know—I’ve been
bad.” Occasional cupcakes with candles are also exempt because
Hillary is religious about observing staff birthdays. She resists

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024983
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020657.txt,"198

Andrew J. Nathan is the Class of 1919 Professor of Political Science at Columbia University.

Minxin Pei is the Tom and Margot Pritzker ’72 Professor of Government and George
R. Roberts Fellow at Claremont McKenna College.

Jeffrey Phillips is the Policy Director at The Annenberg Foundation Trust at Sunnylands.
John Pomfret is a Washington Post journalist and author.

Orville Schell is the Arthur Ross Director of the Center on US-China Relations at Asia
Society.

David Shambaugh is Gaston Sigur Professor of Asian Studies, Political Science &
International Affairs and Director of the China Policy Program at the Elliott School of

International Affairs, George Washington University.

Susan Shirk is Research Professor and Chair of the 21st Century China Center at the
University of California San Diego’s School of Global Policy & Strategy.

Robert Sutter is Professor of Practice of International Affairs at the George Washington
University’s Elliott School of International Affairs.

Glenn Tiffert is a Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution.

Ezra Vogel is the Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus at Harvard
University.

Christopher Walker is Vice President for Studies and Analysis at the National Endowment
for Democracy.

About the Participants

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020657
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026505.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 8/23/2018 3:16:47 PM
To: Kathy Ruemmler
Subject: Re: NYTimes: Donald Trump’s High Crimes and Misdemeanors

you see , 1 know how dirty donald is. my guess is that non lawyers ny biz people have no idea. what it means
to have your fixer flip

On Thu, Aug 23, 2018 at 11:13 AM, Kathy Ruemmler <> wrote:
It makes no difference whether it was his money. Issue is failure to disclose. Plus, fact that he has lied his ass

off about it makes clear that he knew it was illegal.

On Aug 23, 2018, at 11:03 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

I think he makes the argument that it was his , trumps money , making it not illegal. though he also said he
only found out afterwards? and the fact according to the indicment was billed as services rendered and
grossed up. im sure his acct has flipped anyway. . I did talk in detail to starr yesterday re indicments how
trump can make a deal ( special counsel). clintons trash can yes starr gave me more. YECHHHH!.

On Thu, Aug 23, 2018 at 10:50 AM, Kathy Ruemmler > wrote:

Here's a story from The New York Times that I thought you'd find interesting:
The principled case for impeachment is clear. What’s missing is the courage.

Read More...

Get The New York Times on your mobile device

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026505
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012385.txt,"TAB 12

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012385
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029935.txt,"4

Palestinian leadership rejected that resolution, but this September
plans to ask the United Nations for recognition of its statehood with
the 1967 lines, a move strongly opposed by Israel.

Israel, for its part, has been campaigning against the flotilla and
perhaps doing more — some of the boats have suffered sabotage.
Israel says the Exodus is the wrong analogy; the flotilla is aimed at
delegitimizing Israel and killing its soldiers.

“The flotilla is entirely designed to attack Israel’s image around the
world,” said Yuli Edelstein, minister for public diplomacy. “We
know that there are representatives of different terror groups on their
way to join the flotilla.”

Israeli military officials have told newspapers that some flotilla
participants plan to pour sacks of sulfur on Israeli commandos and set
them afire. The flotilla organizers have denied it.

A government news release noted that Mr. Edelstein had participated
in a simulation exercise for the flotilla in which Israeli forces were
attacked. The description of the simulation indicates how the
government expects the harsh information war to play out: “As the
events were taking place, the media — with emphasis on the Internet,
Facebook and Twitter — were flooded with mendacious reports (by
private users, Hamas and others among Israel’s enemies).”
Mendacity has already reared its head. An Israeli actor put up a
YouTube clip saying that he was a gay activist rejected by the flotilla
because of his sexual orientation. The video was exposed as a fake.
Israeli officials, who had promoted the clip on Twitter and Facebook,
said they had been duped. But suspicions remained since the clip’s
production quality was high and officials had long used the talking
point that Hamas and other Islamist groups were intolerant of
homosexuality.

The Turkish group I.H.H., which helps sponsor the flotillas, has ties
to Hamas, and Israeli and Western concern that violence could occur

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029935
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026164.txt,"the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved
please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026164
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032692.txt,"From: Thomas Jr., Landon__________________ 
Sent: 1/3/2018 7:12:17 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: 
Importance: High 
No doubt he and DT know each other well too. Have to say, he is looking/sounding increasingly 
unhinged -- are you tempted to take any money off the table in the markets? 
On Wed, Jan 3, 2018 at 2:04 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
YuP 
On Wed, Jan 3, 2018 at 1:08 PM, Thomas Jr., Landon -___________________ 
I know -- have been reading it. Good old MW. You still talk to him? 
wrote: 
On Wed, Jan 3, 2018 at 1:05 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/michael-wolff-fire-and-fury-book-donald-trump.html 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index 
.html  
please note 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032692 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
Landon Thomas, Jr. 
Financial Reporter 
New York Times 
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h  
tml 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032693 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022068.txt,"Fittuy Ricu

Another one of Epstein’s bosses, James “Jimmy” Cayne, will
say, “Jeffrey Epstein left Bear of his own volition.” Epstein wanted
to strike out on his own, Cayne explains. But given the timing,
some questions remain. Then there’s Epstein’s own testimony,
given on April 1, 1981, before SEC investigators Jonathan Harris
and Robert Blackburn:

CHAPTER 23 Q: Sir, are you aware that certain rumors may have been circu-
lating around your firm in connection with your reasons for
leaving the firm?

I'm aware that there were many rumors.

: What rumors have you heard?

Nothing to do with St. Joe.

: Can you relate what you heard?

re Oe

It was having to do with an illicit affair with a secretary.

n that his resignation had noth- ?

igation into Bear Stearns and = As far as the investigators are concerned, this is new informa-
ivestiga b a

t to take over St. Joe’s. tion; the first time a secretary's name has come up. But they have
attemp

question: Why did Epstein resign _ _ ho interest in Epstein’s office romance and press on

EC, Epstein says he was offended ""7 Q: Mr. Epstein, did anyone at Bear Stearns tell you in words or
cc, Fe

f a twenty: thousand-dollar loan substance that you should not divulge anything about St. Joe
of a ""

Fisenstein. Epstein didn't know ~ ¥ Minerals to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Com-
1 Fise . a q

if used to buy stock, such aloan ~ 4 mission? Has anyone indicated to you in any way, either
tif use , 4 4. :
‘legal f directly or indirectly, in words or substance, that your com-
ot illegal. f: ;
B - n’s expenses had come up. . 4 pensation for this past year or any future monies coming to
jut Eps q ; ; ;
d se $7 500—an embarrassing 7 . you from Bear Stearns will be contingent upon your not
€ im. ’ ~~ 4 { ~ C4 . . . ‘
king full partner anytime soon. divulging information to the Securities and Exchange
1aking ' FE: dosed
‘or even $25,000. Who'd give uP 4 © 4 Commission?
¥ 7 A: No.
?
; : 99
9

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022068
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019246.txt,"BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians

opposition. Other critical voices in television and print
media later faced legal suits, regulatory harassment,
and withdrawal of advertising revenue until the own-
ers agreed to sell their holdings to business interests
that were on more friendly terms with the regime.’

A prominent theme that runs through authoritarian
media is the imperfect nature of electoral processes
in the leading democracies, especially the United
States. The goal is less to portray elections in Russia,

Venezuela, or |ran as paragons of democratic practice
than to muddy the waters—to make the case that
countries like the United States have no right to lec-
ture others on democracy, and that perhaps all elec-
tions are equally flawed. The Kremlin's chief propagan-
dist described the 2016 U.S. election as “so horribly
noxious that it only engenders disgust towards what is
still inexplicably called a ‘democracy.”*

A second important instrument in authoritarians’
election toolbox is the state itself. During his period
as Venezuela's president, Chavez became a master
at using state money and manpower to ensure voter
loyalty. In the 2012 election, the last before his death,
Chavez is estimated to have invested billions of dol-
lars in state resources, including giveaways of house-
hold goods to ordinary citizens, in a rather unsubtle
vote-buying campaign.

That election vividly illustrated the powerful interplay
of state media and state resources in undemocratic
settings, and it is worth examining in greater detail. Su-
perficially, it seemed reasonably consistent with dem-
ocratic standards. The voting itself took place without
serious violence or major complaints of irregularities.
But to a substantial degree, the results were shaped by
the regime's actions well before the ballots were cast.

Chavez had by that time secured an iron grip on the me-
dia. Through the state or political allies, he controlled six
of the eight national television stations and about half
of the country’s radio stations. In some regions, he com-
manded a virtual information monopoly. The opposition
was effectively shut out of the Chavez-aligned outlets,
earning mention only as cartoonish villains.

The incumbent benefited especially from a practice
whereby all radio and television stations are obliged to
preempt normal programming to accommodate the
president's speeches to the nation. During 2012, Chavez
took advantage of this tool to fill 100 hours of broadcast-
ing, 47 of them in the 90 days prior to the election. Aure-
lio Concheso, an analyst with Transparency Venezuela,

placed the value of this free airtime at $1.8 billion. Anoth-
er government mandate required radio and television
stations to broadcast 10 state messages of 30 seconds
each on a daily basis; the messages, not surprisingly,
dovetailed with the arguments of the Chavez campaign.
Concheso estimated the value of this free airtime at
$292 million. In addition, the government spent an es-
timated $200 million on advertising with private radio
and television stations. By contrast, the opposition had
access to five minutes of airtime a day, at a cost of $102
million. The opposition was thus limited to an incredible
4 percent of the airtime enjoyed by Chavez.

Meanwhile, according to Concheso, the state oil com-
pany spent some $20 billion on gifts of home durable
goods, apartments, and outright cash subsidies to
purchase the allegiance of Venezuelan voters and
underscore the message that without Chavez, this
largesse would dry up.

Finally, a measure of fear was introduced through a
campaign suggesting that although the balloting was
secret, the government had ways of ascertaining a
voter's choice. The threat had a special effect given
public memories of an episode in 2004, in which those
who signed a petition for a referendum to remove
Chavez from office were blacklisted and excluded
from government jobs, benefits, and contracts.

Favored tactics
The following are among the other tactics deployed by
modern authoritarians to ensure success at the polls:

1. Intimidating the opposition: Opposition leaders

are only occasionally targeted for assassination.
But they can face a variety of other cruel fates.
Wealthy businessman and opposition supporter
ikhail Khodorkovsky was dispatched to a Rus-
sian prison for 10 years for daring to challenge
Putin. In 2017, anticorruption campaigner Andrei
Navalny, widely regarded as the most serious
challenger to Putin, was effectively eliminated
from the 2018 presidential contest after being
convicted in a trumped-up embezzlement case.?
n Malaysia, opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim
has twice been convicted and jailed on sodomy
charges. Prominent political figures have also
been jailed in Belarus, Venezuela, lran, Ethiopia,
Turkey, and Egypt, among many others. Human
rights activists and bloggers are also subject to
harassment and persecution. They are frequent-
ly jailed on trumped-up charges of defamation,
tax fraud, or drug trafficking, among others.

12

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019246
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027633.txt,"Sender: EIT

Time: 03/29/19 07:08:11 AM (575561291)
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: DB401AE3-625D-43CB-98D8-382BDB15AD63

Message: Cool

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/19 08:03:16 AM (575564596)
Flags: 1150981

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 7EF2A4DA-7718-440B-A4B5-BB1815A11F67

Message: Sorry , plane not ready until tues ,

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/19 08:07:05 AM (575564825)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

25
5

GUID: 56452B9E-D35F-4179-993C-BEE2 993CD8EE

Message: If you find a charter. I am happy to pay

sender:

Time: 03/29/19 08:08:46 AM (575564926)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 9149E1D0-9EB6-4643-8E7C-7C3FD4D6E55B

Message: No problem-- standby

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/29/19 08:09:13 AM (575564953)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

Tr

GUID: 9DB959E0-6790-4003-ABB8-BEE779ACA520

Message: My guys can pick you up. , come for dinner

sender:

Time: 03/29/19 08:09:23 AM (575564963)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027633
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021561.txt,"mere —

Introduction

The Department of Justice and the United States
Postal Inspection Service are committed to ensuring
that victims of federal crime are treated fairly as their
case moves through the criminal justice system.

In order to provide victims with information on case
events, the Department of Justice has developed the
Victim Notification System (VNS). This brochure
provides information about VNS.

Victim Notification System (VNS)

VNS is a cooperative effort between the Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBD, the United States
Postal Inspection Service (USPIS), the United States
Attorneys’ Offices, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons
(BOP).

This free, computer-based system provides important
information to victims. In many cases you will
receive letters generated through VNS containing
information about the events pertaining to your case
and/or any defendants in the case.

This information is also available in English and
Spanish on the Internet and through a toll-free
telephone number (Call Center). In cases with many
victims, you may receive only one letter and then be
directed to the Internet or Call Center for further
information.

VNS Information

Registration:

You will receive a Victim Identification Number
(VIN) and a Personal Identification Number (PIN)
that will allow you to access VNS on the Internet and
using your telephone. You may write those numbers
on the attached tear-off card to keep with you.

If you have chosen to participate in VNS, but have
not received these numbers, please contact either the
FBI, the USPIS, or U.S. Attorney’s Office handling
your case.

nse ~=- Your VIN and PIN numbers are
both required any time you
contact the Call Center or when
accessing VNS on the Internet.

VNS Internet Access:

© You may access information about the case via

the Internet at: http://www.Notify. USDOJ.Gov
‘You will be required to enter your VIN and
your PIN.

® The Web site, in some instances, may provide

additional information that is not available
through the Call Center.

(Refer to Common Questions, numbers 4, 5 & 6
below, for more information regarding the Internet.)

The VNS Call Center:

You may call 1-866-DOJ-4YOU (1-866-365-
4968) for current information. You will be
required to enter your VIN and your PIN.

By following the prompts, VNS will provide
custody information and notice of upcoming
court events.

The Call Center will include options to hear:

Q
Upcoming Events - information on future
court hearings

Historical Court Events - information on past
court hearings

Detailed Information on Each Defendant -
information regarding criminal charges filed,
the outcome of the charges, and the sentence
imposed by the Court; if the defendant is in the
custody of BOP, the custody location,
projected date of release from custody and
other release information.

VNS Notification:

‘You may also receive information about case events
by telephone, email, numeric pager, or fax. Please
note that in some rare instances, VNS may contact
you by phone which will require use of your PIN.

Common Questions

Below are some common questions about VNS. If at
any time you have a question about VNS that is not
answered here, please feel free to contact your local
FBI, USPIS, or U.S. Attorney’s Office.

1. When can I call the VNS Call
Center or access VNS on the
Internet?

(Eastern Time)
Monday - Friday 6:00 a.m. - 3:00 a.m.
Saturday 6:00 a.m. - 12:00 a.m.
Sunday 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 a.m.

1-866-DOJ-4YOU - (1-866-365-4968)
International Callers:
(1)502-213-2767
http://www.Notify.USDOJ.Gov

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021561

"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024773.txt,"CHAPTER VIII
Top 100
Private Cannabis Companies 2018

In this chapter, we present our current list of the Top 100 Private Cannabis Companies. Our determi-
nation to include companies on the list is subjective, and the list is intended to be a cross-section of the
types of companies in the cannabis industry. Our list comprises privately held companies, primarily
U.S. companies, companies we believe have a strong reputation or position in their market segments
and companies pursuing a line of business we consider promising. We intend to update our list period-
ically, and we expect it may change significantly over time.

Most companies on our list are in early stages of development, and many will need to raise capital to
succeed. Raising capital for early-stage companies in any industry is extremely challenging. Early-stage
cannabis companies seeking capital face the same challenges as early-stage companies in other indus-
tries but must also address challenges unique to the cannabis industry. Although we hope the compa-
nies on our list ultimately succeed, we expect some will go out of business for any number of reasons,
including lack of access to capital.

Inclusion in our list does not represent an investment recommendation or endorsement of any
particular company or product. We have made investments in and conducted investment banking and
other services for companies included in the 7op 100 Private Cannabis Companies 2018 list, and may
do so in the future. Readers should be aware that we may have a conflict of interest that could affect the
objectivity of our decision to include a company in the list. For additional disclosures and disclaimers,
see page 175.

© 2017Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC 137

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024773
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017622.txt,"Page 19 of 31
104 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 59, *85

emphasized that it conferred a ""broad"" [*86] right. !°° The reason for adopting such a broad right was that ""too often victims
of crime experience a secondary victimization at the hands of the criminal justice system. This provision is intended to direct
Government agencies and employees, whether they are in the executive or judiciary branch, to treat victims of crime with the
respect they deserve."" !°° OLC's failure to consider the purposes underlying the CVRA is a glaring oversight.

OLC never attempts to explain why the CVRA's drafters would want victims to have a right to fair treatment once criminal
charges were filed but possess no such right before the filing of criminal charges. Clearly, many victims can and do suffer
secondary victimization during criminal investigations, such as when sexual assault victims are treated inappropriately by law
enforcement agents. !>7 It would contradict the purpose of preventing victim mistreatment in the criminal justice system to
artificially limit the right to fairness to the point at which charges are filed. The right to fairness logically applies at all stages of
the criminal justice process.

C. OLC'S INEFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO THE CVRA'S COVERAGE AND VENUE PROVISIONS

At the end of its memorandum, OLC finally discusses what it identifies as the two strongest arguments for construing the
CVRA as applying before charging: the coverage provision and the venue provision. OLC acknowledges, as it must, that the
CVRA's coverage extends to any federal employee engaged in ""the detection, investigation or prosecution of crime."" '*8 Such
employees ""shall make their best efforts to see that crime victims are notified of, and accorded, the rights"" afforded by the
statute. !°? Notably, this duty applies to individuals not just in the Justice Department (where all federal prosecutors are
located) but other agencies as well, such [*87] as environmental crimes investigators in the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). !6°

This coverage provision would seem to answer any lingering question about whether the CVRA applies before charging. In
directing that federal employees engaged in the ""detection"" and ""investigation"" of crime must respect victims’ rights, Congress
wanted broad rights extending beyond just the prosecution of a case. As the district court concluded in the Epstein case, this
provision ""surely contemplates pre-charge application of the CVRA."" 16!

OLC gamely maintains, however, that Congress was simply trying to provide that federal law enforcement agents should
provide rights to victims when a criminal case moves to its prosecution phase. OLC noted the uncontroversial point that law
enforcement agents ""often develop a relationship of trust with crime victims during the investigation that continues as they
assist crime victims in negotiating active criminal proceedings."" !©* OLC then asserted:

155 150 Cong. Rec. 7303 (2004) (statement of Sen. Jon Kyl).
156 Td.

157 See Susan Estrich, Real Rape 50-51 (1987) (describing how a rape victim's sexual history may be used against her in court proceedings);
Beloof, supra note 38, at 309-10 (collecting examples of victims' issues that arise during the investigative process); see also President's Task
Force on Victims of Crime, Final Report, supra note 10, at 57-62 (making recommendations for how police should treat victims during the
criminal justice process).

*8 OLC CVRA Rights Memo, supra note 2, at 15 (quoting 78 U.S.C. § 3771(c)(1) (2012)) (internal quotation marks omitted).

° 18 U.S.C. § 3771(c)(1).

60 See Kyl et al., supra note 136, at 615 (""Notice should be given to the fact that it applies not just to the Department of Justice, but to all
‘departments and agencies of the United States engaged in the detection, investigation, or prosecution of crime."" (citation omitted)).

v

6! Does v. United States, 817 F. Supp. 2d 1337, 1342 (S.D. Fla. 2011).

62 OLC CVRA Rights Memo, supra note 2, at 15.

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017622
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033144.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: 5/13/2019 8:36:29 PM

To: Richard Kahn  ; Darren Indykc iy

trump goin to lutniks house on thurs

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033144
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015233.txt,"these criminals do not trust each other, so they blackmail each other. |
used cocaine, sometimes heroin, Bush’ s drug of choice.

“Of all the drugs | was exposed to there was one that was strictly
forbidden, and that was marijuana, because the effects on the brain
actually opened those neuron pathways so that any compartmentalization
of memory, of any kind of trauma, or so-called secret, actually begins to
erode. That’ s why they don’ t want to have even medical marijuana.
I' m not standing here to be pro-marijuana at all, | am here to tell you |
am extremely ant/marijuana, but | know why this anti-marijuana
campaign is out there, with their efforts to control all of us by making sure
that this particular drug is controlled so that no one in any kind of position
would have free thought.”

When Cathy finished her presentation, Mark Phillips returned to the
stage. “We ask you respectfully,” he said, “to please allow us to provide
you with” —that is, to sell— “our book and share it with someone you
love. It’ s a horrible book, probably the most incredible validated story
that is going to soon be a major theme in maybe more than one motion
picture and a TV documentary series. After all these years, Cathy and |

believe that this is our last year.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015233
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024050.txt,"e Investment Theme - Care Coordination: Today in healthcare, most conditions require the
involvement of multiple healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians,
specialists, nurses, assistants, and therapists, and the care they provide must be
managed closely with participation from the patients themselves and their family
members. Unfortunately, poor coordination and information sharing amongst
caregivers creates significant inefficiencies at the points of hand-off between providers,
leading to repeat tests, missed diagnoses, and expensive mistakes that diminish
outcomes, and in some cases put patients at substantial risk. TigerText (NLV-ID) has
developed a secure text messaging platform that can be used on any mobile phone that
allows healthcare professionals to rapidly communicate and exchange clinical data files
to improve and coordinate care.

e Investment Theme - Clinical Error Reduction: Administrative, medication and procedural
errors are responsible for billions of dollars of cost annually in the U.S. healthcare
system. Many of these problems can be reduced by bringing relevant information into
the right setting at the appropriate time. For example, ePocrates (Sprout IX, NASDAQ:
EPOC - Acquired by athenahealth for $293 million, 3.1x multiple) allows physicians to
quickly reference drug formulary, dosing and interaction information, thus reducing the
error rate in prescriptions.

Problem Area: Unnecessary Services & Missed Prevention Opportunities

e Investment Theme - Analytics & Data-Driven Personalization: Many conditions are currently
diagnosed on single or limited data points, measured in the hospital or physicians’

office, that may not accurately reflect (or detect) the patients’ condition. Examples
include diseases with episodic or fluctuating symptoms such as cardiac arrhythmias,
Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, depression and other behavioral health issues. iRhythm
Technologies (NLV-II) developed and markets an innovative, highly wearable, patch
technology capable of recording continuous electrocardiograms for up to 14 days. This
product has demonstrated a 5x improvement in diagnostic yield for cardiac arrhythmias
relative to 24 - 48 hour Holter monitoring.

The large scale deployment of electronic medical records (“EMRs”), healthcare
information exchanges, and diagnostic and monitoring technologies, is driving
exponential growth in professional health data around patient care and outcomes. At
the same time, patients are discussing and sharing their own health care experiences and
personal health data involving providers, therapeutics, and procedures on the internet.
These vast and rapidly growing professional and consumer oriented healthcare data sets
create an unprecedented repository of longitudinal data on populations of patients. By
mining these data sets using big-data techniques and technologies that are being
deployed successfully in other industries, it is possible to identify important findings
that have huge commercial value that might previously have never have been detected.
Specifically, the Fund Managers believe analytics applied to these data sets will allow
care gaps to be readily identified and addressed, and best practices to be frequently
revised, leading to a consistent iterative cycle of improvement. Treato (NLV-II) has
developed a social health intelligence platform (aka “Social Listening”) that identifies,
analyzes and aggregates medical user generated content spread widely across the web

39 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024050
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015555.txt,"HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015555
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023059.txt,"Date: Friday, March 4 2011 05:17 PM

Subject: Fwd: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>
To: Alan M. Dershowitz

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: GMAX <gmax1@ellmax.com >
Date: Fri, Mar 4, 2011 at 8:28 AM
Subject: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell

To: J Jep <jeevacation@gmail.com >

------ Forwarded Message

From: Mark Cohen

Date: Fri, 4 Mar 2011 11:14:35 -0500
To: NY Max <gmax1@ellmax.com >
Subject: FW: Ghislaine Maxwell

FYI, following up on my email of this morning. Again, I have no intention of responding unless you direct otherwise.

From

Sent: Friday, March 04, 2011 11:12 AM
To: Brett D. Jaffe

Subject: Ghislaine Maxwell

Dear Brett Jaffe,

I left you a telephone message earlier. The Mail on Sunday newspaper is running a story on Ghislaine
Maxwell, Jeffrey Epstein, Prince Andrew and others this weekend.

We urgently require responses from_Ms Maxwell to the following questions. Our deadline is noon
tomorrow. My telephone numbers are i:

Annette Witheridge
On behalf of the Mail on Sunday

1. Po says Ghislaine Maxwell offered her a job as a masseuse with Jeffrey Epstein when she was
aged 15. Ms Maxwell led upstairs on her first visit to him at his Palm Beach house. Mr Epstein was

naked on massage table.

Ms Maxwell initiated a bisexual encounter during which Ms Maxwell rubbed her own breasts on Mr Epstein
and directed JJ to copy her.

Please respond to these allegations and all others in the original Jane Doe 102 complaint.

2. Ms Maxwell took part in numerous other sexual encounters involving her assistant i ee

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023059
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014893.txt,"Currency still a slight headwind for 1Q results but improving

We expect FX to remain a y/y headwind for 1Q results; the Euro is down about 6% y/y
but up 1% from where it was when most Large-cap internet companies reported 4Q
results in late January (~$1.06). The GBP at $1.22 is down slightly (1.4%) over the same
period. Our currency strategist is forecasting the Euro to end 2017 at $1.05 and the
GBP to end at $1.19. FX pressure will ease after 1Q if rates hold, unless a company has
high exposure to Japan.

Table 5: Percent change y/y

Euro GBP Yen Other*
4Q15 -12.3% -4.5% -8.1% -14.4%
1Q16 -2.0% -5.4% 1.1% -11.0%
2Q16 2.0% -4,9% 9.4% -6.3%
3Q16 0.3% -13.9% 19.3% -2.9%
4Q16 -1.5% -17.4% 15.1% 0.0%
1Q17 -3.5% -14.5% 2.5% 3.3%
2Q17E -5.6% -15.4% -3.9% -0.3%
3Q17E -4.5% -9,.2% -9.9% -0.9%
4Q17E -1.2% -3.5% -8.1% 0.2%

Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, Bloomberg, as of 4/4/2017

International revenues a percent of total revenues is highest at PCLN (87% of gross
profit), GOOG (53%), FB (53%), TRIP (43%), EBAY (57%), and EXPE (42%). Higher
operating margins in UK/Europe than US and lower Intl. taxes can increase this
exposure.

Chart 7: Spot Rate % Change Y/Y (USD vs. FX Spot Rate)
30%

20%

10%

0%

-10%

-20%

-30%
Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17Mar-17

eeeeEUrO =———GBP ——Yen =— Other

Source: Bloomberg; Other Includes the following *Asian (KRW, AUD, HKD), Europe (RUB, SEK, CHF), Americas (BRL, MXN, CAD) , as of
4/4/2017

BankofAmerica <2 ; ;
Merrill Lynch Internet/e-Commerce | 06 April 2017 7

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014893
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017144.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

some of his fellow judges, especially Warren Burger. Sparks would fly and Bazelon generally
ended up in dissent, but he had made his point.

Years later, in my first popular book, The Best Defense, I summarized what I had first seen in
Judge Bazelon’s chambers and had then experienced in several cases I had litigated as a practicing
lawyer. I called my summary “The Rules of the Justice Game:”

Rule I: Almost all criminal defendants are, in fact, guilty.

Rule II: All criminal defense lawyers, prosecutors and judges understand and believe Rule
ke

Rule III: It is easier to convict guilty defendants by violating the Constitution than by

complying with it, and in some cases it is impossible to convict guilty defendants
without violating the Constitution.

Rule IV: Almost all police lie about whether they violated the Constitution in order to
convict guilty defendants.

Rule V: All prosecutors, judges and defense attorneys are aware of Rule IV.

Rule VI: Many prosecutors implicitly encourage police to lie about whether they violated
the Constitution in order to convict guilty defendants.

Rule VII: All judges are aware of Rule VI.
Rule VIII: Most trial judges pretend to believe police officers who they know are lying.

Rule IX: All appellate judges are aware of Rule VII, yet many pretend to believe the trial
judges who pretend to believe the lying police officers.

Rule X: Most judges disbelieve defendants about whether their constitutional rights have
been violated, even if they are telling the truth.

Rule XI: Most judges and prosecutors would not knowingly convict a defendant who they
believe to be innocent of the crime charged (or a closely related crime).

Rule XII: Rule XI does not apply to members of organized crime, drug dealers, career
criminals, or potential informers.

Rule XIII: [Almost] Nobody really wants justice.
The seeds of my career as a criminal lawyer were planted deeply into fertile soil during my
clerkship. So were the seeds of my career as an academic who focused, early in my years at

Harvard, on the relationship between law and the social sciences, especially psychiatry and
psychology.

57

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017144
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018277.txt,"corporations might be directed in the service of really ambitious goals: European
peace or the fiber-speed transformation of telecommunications or billion-user
financial grids. It’s thin air up at this level, honestly, by which I mean that at these
elevated heights you see the most ambitious athletes of human power at work: The
maniacal CEO, the egotistical statesman, the mad dictator. Hundreds of millions of
lives are in play; even more in some cases. By a “grand strategy” we mean the very
peak of this sort of consideration. It represents, in the world of global affairs, the
construction of a strategic idea that suggests how military, diplomacy, markets, and
politics might be harnessed, firmly, in service of a singular aim. Grand strategy is a
basic stance towards the world. If it works, it liberates creativity and national
energy. It sets a clear direction*‘. It protects against the steep price of surprise.
Grand strategy holds, in a single concept, the nature of their age and our plans to use
that nature for the aims - security, prosperity - that gird a nation’s life and decide
its future. Like it or not, we all live under the umbrella raised by grand strategic
choices.

“Containment” of the Cold War period, “Balance of Power” from Europe’s 19
Century Age of Revolutions, or the “Tributary Alliances” that shaped a thousand
years of Chinese power - these were all big, essential organizing grand strategic
concepts. They shaped security decisions for durable empires. Each balanced ideal
aims like freedom or the preservation of dynastic continuity against technological
revolution, economic crisis, ideologies and the numberless other forces that can
crack empires. Each idea reflected the demands of the age, and as a result each tells
us something about power in those eras.

The Chinese strategist General Liu Yazhou observed a few years ago in a widely
circulated essay, perhaps a bit too eagerly, “A major state can lose many battles, but
the only loss that is always fatal is to be defeated in strategy.”5> There’s something a
bit cold in that line, but it expresses a hard truth. Massiveness and deep
commitment to a particular, flawed view of the world can turn strength to weakness
in a heartbeat. In our connected age this sort of reversal can happen with a
particularly devastating speed. In the past, traditional measures of power - tanks,
airplanes, national wealth - declined or rose as a gradual process. It took years for
Genoa to fund and build an expeditionary force to gut Venice’s Adriatic designs.
Decades passed as Germany built her naval fleet. But in our age, such slower-moving
measures are of limited use. Network systems rise and fall with astonishing speed.
Once-successful firms in technology, companies like Wang or Fairchild
Semiconductor or MySpace, found themselves unseated in months, after years of
growth. New firms can emerge as if from nowhere and erase once cherished
balances, demolish once strong names. Google unseats Britannica. Ride-sharing
firms vaporize taxi medallion economics. “Change or die,” the old computer

54 If it works: Hal Brands, The Promise and Pitfalls of Grand Strategy, (U.S. Army War
College Strategic Studies Institute, August 2012); Jennifer Mitzen, “Illusion or
Intention? Talking Grand Strategy into Existence”, Security Studies, 24:1(2015), 61-
94

55 The Chinese strategist: Liu Yazhou, “Da guoce” on aisixiang.com (2004)

45

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018277
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027155.txt,"Time: 02/18/17 10:28:30 AM (509135310
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: OHA92954-CCC1-406A-BD8C-ODD5S8E5

)

50AC8

Message: ""How to explain zero knowledge protocols to your children"" 1988

Time: 02/18/17 10:30:30 AM (509135430
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2C7B99B6-86AA-4D69-A4A4-6F67644

)

#]

2BEF2

Message: http://people.irisa.fr/Steph

Time: 02/18/17 10:30:31 AM (509135431
Flags: 1060865

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 5504A63C-7984-4A60-BDO0-60B787E

Message: Also good

Time: 02/18/17 02:35:05 PM (509150105
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: B8817D01-1F4E-48E0-9F60-4377CF6

anie.Delaune/transparents/Annee2013/po.pdt

)

CIOFC

)

D80D4

Message: GENIUS IDEA Now to convince bill

Time: 02/18/17 02:36:02 PM (509150162
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 2E5909B2-7195-46CC-A7BO-B56B855

Message: Do you think there is a way
BG? Like if we say do this and the ad

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com
Time: 02/18/17 02:36:25 PM (509150185

Flags: 1085445

)

E7068

to do this real

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min will keep P

)

EPFAR or something like that

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027155
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021207.txt,"continued to surprise me with his efforts to make me believe we were
more than just friends with a summer crush. “ You see... your problem is
that you don’t see what I am looking at right here in front of me, a
beautiful girl who is completely lost in a game that she has no control
over. Get out of it now, take my hand and follow me back to my home in
Australia.” I heard what he had said but I found it hard to comprehend
what he was actually talking about. “What?” I asked him with a look of
confusion on my face. “Your nobody’s property, you can do this. Marry
me.” His statements got more and more profound as he went on.
Repeating the question he got on one knee and proposed again “ Jenna, I
am in love with you and want to spend the rest of my life making you
happy. Please don’t go back to him. I know that | am the only one for you
and I will always treat you right. He paused for another second and
repeated his question “Jenna, will you please marry me?” My hands fell
into my face after that and without even letting myself think through the
answer, ! let my heart do all of the talking. Looking back up at him I said
“Yes!” | almost shouted the answer at him, as if saying it louder would
give the word more meaning. Wanting to believe him and everything that
he was saying felt like a vacation from all of the suffering and loneliness
that I had endured over a lifetime of abuse and degradation but knowing
what you want and getting it are two different things that rarely went
hand in hand...or so I thought. All 1 knew from the brief period I had
known this stranger was that he was offering me a life and love down an
unfamiliar path and it was a gamble to believe a complete stranger but
somehow I knew he was right. My heart was beating so loud I thought it
was going to jump right out of my chest. With the earnestly in my reply
he picked me up in his strong arms and took me back to the bed and
reiterated his words in a more physical sense this time. Never had I felt
loved like this before, so swept off my feet and unable to even think, eat,
or do anything for that matter which would involve leaving the hotel
room without him.

Everyday after school would be my Robbie waiting to take me back to
the hotel room for another night’s passionate rendezvous, but a few
nights after his proposal, he had another surprise in store. He didn’t just
want to get married someday. He wanted to get married now, this week
even. I walked into the fabric store and was attended too by several
seamstresses who were already be expecting my arrival. I was there to
design and have fun designing my own dream wedding dress. While I
was busy picking out fabrics and having measurements taken I would
look away for a moment only to catch his tender eyes staring in my
direction. Such adoration behind his looks...could it be real? I would
often ponder it to myself just hoping for the gamble I was taking to work

1 Copyright Protected Material

GIUFFRE004258

out. I still had to believe in something better than what I was accustomed
too and here he was right smack dab in front of me.

Giggling at all of the lace and frills they were trying to dress me up in,
looking more like an antique porcelain doll than anything else T closed
my eyes and pictured the day that I thought would never come, starting to
imagine the kind of dress I would like to wear I envisioned a simple
sleekness, a complimentary figure hugging gown with a small train but
long enough to distinct it as an actual wedding dress. After we settled on
what we were going to wear for the big day, we would next have to
decide where we would hold the ceremony. Not before celebrating the
entire week beforehand though. We started our honeymoon early
celebrating every night spending our time between my hotel room and
sending our heads spinning on the dance floor at many different clubs.
Only with each other in sight, the dance floor was ours, we were out to
give each other something to remember each night by. | whispered all of
the things [ couldn’t wait to do him once we got back to the hotel room
and watching him heat up on the dance floor I was never able to get
enough of him driving me crazy. Like a thirst | was unable to quench, his
lips were like a fountain of deep springs that | could never reach the
bottom of.

Seven days, exactly a week after his proposal I sat on my bed in distress,
contemplating what | would say to the man who | was about to call.
There was no nice way to go about it. | couldn’t last forever with him and
this was my one chance to get out of it for good. | was leaving him, never
to return to him ever again. I just had to go ahead and do it. Part of me
was hoping he’d be at least a little happy for me and the sudden change in
my life’s direction but the other part of me knew I was already asking too
much of him.

Calling his office in New York I was transferred to Jeffrey’s personal
office. He picked up the phone on the third ring, pausing before I could
get any of the words to come out of my mouth but I mustered up my
courage eventually and gave him my prepared spiel. Beginning with how
much I had appreciated everything he has done for me up until this point.
T hoped he would be understanding but he just wanted me to hurry up and
get to the point. Trying to contagiously pass on my excitement through
the phone lines, I finally screamed out “I’m getting married! Can you
believe it?” No reply was given only a silence on the other end. Trying to
make some conversation ridding the uncomfortable silence, | went on to
tell him about Robbie and how I had fallen madly in love with him over
the last amazing few days we'd spent together. The absence of sound
made my thoughts begin to run wild and to get some response | had to
ask him what he thought about everything I was telling him. Finally a few
seconds later his reaction to the news sunk in and his only and final reply

(1 Copyright Protected Material
CONFIDENTIAL

GIUFFRE004259

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021207
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028266.txt,"/ BARAK / 132

its terror attack on a Pan American airliner in the late 1980s. Or, as in South
Africa, that a change in nuclear policy might come from a change in régime in
Tehran. Yet realistically, we couldn’t count on either. And there was no doubt in
our minds that a nuclear Iran represented a hugely serious threat. If the Shi’ite
Muslim regime in Iran did get a nuclear weapon, Sunni Arab states like Egypt and
Saudi Arabia, and Turkey as well, would try to go nuclear. Neither they nor we
could assume that Iran was developing a bomb as a mere act of deterrence. We
couldn’t exclude the possibility that, especially in a crisis threatening the survival
of the ayatollahs’ rule, Iran would use the weapons it was developing. It could
even send a nuclear device in a container smuggled on board a commercial vessel
docking in one of Israel’s ports.

While few in Israel disputed the seriousness of the threat, a number of top
political and military figures had deep misgivings about military action. Given the
need for secrecy, most of our discussions took place within the so-called Group of
Eight, often also including the chief of staff and other top generals from the kirva.
Both Dan Meridor and Benny Begin, Menachem Begin’s son and a minister
without portfolio, were opposed to an Israeli attack from the start. They were
convinced that the implications for the region, and for our relations with the wider
world, were difficult to predict and potentially dire. Dan raised a further concern.
He feared an Israeli attack might actually intensify Iran’s effort to get a nuclear
bomb, only now with political cover, because it would argue it was acting in self-
defense. The view of those opposed to an Israeli strike was that we should rely on
American economic and political pressure to deal with the threat. And, if that
failed, on American military action.

In November 2010, the internal debate came to a head, at a meeting involving
the Group of Eight as well as the chief of staff, the head of military intelligence
and the commander of the air force. We convened in a villa that the Mossad kept
for clandestine foreign visitors, near the coastal road north of Tel Aviv. The
meeting began with a presentation by the generals of our attack plan. There was
still a core of ministers opposed: chiefly Dan Meridor and Benny Begin, but also
Boogie Ya’alon, a former Sayeret Matkal commander and chief of staff who
Minister of Strategic Affairs. But the confidence and detail with which the plan
was laid out, and the fact that Bibi, Lieberman and I were in favor of being
prepared to act, gave me the sense that a majority would back military action if it
became necessary. The proviso would be the need for the chief-of-staff, and ideally

418
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028266
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019520.txt,"32 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

Stevens, the assistant registrar of UMUC, who I spoke to at the base
in 2016, told me that the program in 2009 did not provide gradu-
ate courses in computer sciences. According to the program’s record,
while Snowden had enrolled as a student in the summer of 2009, he
received neither any credits nor a certificate.

In October 2009, Dell assigned Snowden a job in which he had
direct access to the NSA’s computers. He was now a system adminis-
trator, which is essentially a tech-savvy repairman. Dell was working
on a backup system code-named EPICSHELTER. For this contract,
Dell was transferring large chunks of data from the NSA’s main
computers in Maryland to backup drives in Japan so that the system
could be quickly restored if there was a communications interrup-
tion, Because most of the classified data was in its encrypted form, it
had little value to any outside party. Snowden’s job was to maintain
the proper functioning of computers, but as a system administrator
he also had privileges to call up unencrypted files. He sat in front of a
computer screen all day looking for any problems in the transferring
of files to backup servers.

© The work was highly repetitive and exceedingly dull. Snowden ©
found time to search for anomalies in the system, and he claimed
to have spotted a major flaw in the security system in late 2009. He
discovered that a rogue system administrator in Japan could steal
secret data without anyone else’s realizing that it had been stolen.
Snowden brought that to the attention of his superiors, as he later
said,

The emergence of a rogue system administrator was not that far-
fetched in 2009. Hacktivists such as Julian Assange had adopted the
battle cry “Sysadmins of the world, unite.” Instead of asking them
to “throw off their chains,” as Marx did, he asked them to send clas-
sified documents about secret government activity to the WikiLeaks
site. Snowden, as a “sys admin,” was aware he had the power to do
so. He recalled in Moscow in 2014, “I actually recommended they
[the NSA] move to two-man control for administrative access back
in 2009.” To make his point even clearer, he added, “A whistleblower
could use these things, but so could a spy.” Not without irony,
Snowden became that rogue system administrator some three years

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 32 ® 9/30/16 11:09 AM | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019520
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014202.txt,"cn BOE? pee Fag:
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76

GIUFFRE001648

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014202

deg rntepetey ews

Rced

ent ete tinge tendon cmeeOoe
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012673.txt,"[41005/006

05/16/2008 11:17 FAX os
05/18/08 FRI 11:09 FAX

the case on the merits after jeopardy has attached.” USAM 9-2.03 W(C). Our understanding is -
that the state case is stil] pending. As such, the procedural posture of the state case does not
implicate the petite policy.

the policy “does not apply ... where the [state] prosecution, involved only 4 minor part of the
contemplated federal charges.” USAM 9-2.03 1(B). Based on our understanding of the possible
federal charges and existing state charges, we do not think the petite policy would be an issue
should federal proceedings take place,

Federalism and Prosecutorial Discretion. All of the above issues essentially ask whether
a federal prosecution can proceed. We understand, however, that you also ask whether a federal
prosecution skoudd proceed, even in the event that all of the elements of a federal offense could
be proven. On this issue, you raised two arguments: thal the conduct at issue here is traditional ly
a4 state concern because the activity is entirely local, and that the typical prosecution under federal

policy that a United States Attomey’s Office should not pursue a prosecution. We do not think

Simply, the commercial sexual exploitation of children is a federal concern, even when
the conduct is local, and tegardless of whether the defendant provided the child (the “pimp”) or

fraud, or coercion was used. Indeed, the point being made in that letter is that the Department’s
efforts are Properly focused on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the
exploitation of adults through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, As such, there is no
inconsistency between the position taken in that letter and the federal prosecution of wholly local
instances of the commercial Sexual exploitation of children,

If Congress wanted to limit the reach of federal statutes only to those who profit from the
commercial sexual exploitation of children, or only to those who actually traffic children across
state lines, it could have done so. It did not. Finally, that a prosecution of Mr. Epstein might not
look precisely like the cases that came before it is not dispositive, We can say with confidence
that this case is consistent in principle with other federal prosecutions nationwide. As such, Mr,
Acosta can soundly exercise his authority to decide to pursve 4 prosecution even though it might
involve a novel application of a federal statute,

Conclusion. After carefully considering all the factual and legal issues taised, as well as
the arguments concerning the general propriety of a federal case against Mr. Epstein on these

4

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012673
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013579.txt,"location, velocity and directional tendency of every point generated by a dynamical
system by an arrow on the surface of action, the manifold, of a dynamical system.
This field of arrows indicating directional and strength of motional tendencies is
called a vector field. A vector represents its location at the base of the arrow, its
velocity by the length of the arrow (called the modulus) and the direction of the
motion by the direction of the arrow. If we regard all moduli as equal to one, every
vector on the surface has the same length. The resulting graphs are called direction
fields. Looking at a stop-action photograph of any point on this surface, its
associated vector informs about where the system would take it over the next unit of
time. The whole surface can be marked by initial points, which the dynamical
systems move as they generate patterns of orbits of moving arrows in time. The
following two brain and behavioral experimental circumstances make this depiction
and its relevance to dynamical entropy more concrete.

We review in more detail the concrete and visualizable findings from
experiments requiring the quantification of characteristic patterns of motion in
animals and man. They can be embedded into a similar surface-like setting, which
might be called a behavioral manifold. For examples, my students from the past,
Martin Paulus and Mark Geyer, now Professors at the Medical School of the La
Jolla branch of the University of California studied the effects of psychotropic drugs
on the patterns made on the floor by rats of various genetic strains while they
wandered about, in exploratory behavior in a bounded space. Monitored by a video
camera placed above the ceiling less cages, the patterns made by the paths taken
by the rats over time were reconstructed as vectorial orbits on a behavioral
manifold. This manifold was then repeatedly partitioned, covered with, from just a
few large, in graded progression, to many smaller boxes, each partition composed
of rectangular lattices of a particular size. Units of time were also partitioned into
range of units from larger to smaller durations of observation. Differences in the
rat’s genetic strain as well as injections of stimulants, antidepressants or
antipsychotic drugs resulted in characteristic and discriminable path geometries
mapped onto the behavioral manifold as orbital patterns. Each path was encoded

as a sequence of size-dependent numbered boxes that were entered and occupied

79

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013579
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019534.txt,"46 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS

and winter of 2012. Many of the documents he took off the NSANet
revealed operations not only of the NSA but also of the CIA and the
Pentagon. By taking them, he had come to a Rubicon from which
there would be no return. He later explained in an e-mail to Vanity
Fair from Moscow, “I crossed that line.”

As far as is known, Snowden was not sharing documents with any
other party prior to May 2013. He was not even yet in contact with
Poitras, Greenwald, or any other journalists. Presumably, Snowden
was collecting them on drives—despite the risks that possessing
such a collection of secrets might entail—for some future use.

Why would Snowden jeopardize his career and, if caught, his free-
dom by undertaking this illicit enterprise? He might by now have
had strong ideological objections to the NSA’s global surveillance. As
he said later in Moscow, “We're subverting our security standards
for the sake of surveillance.” Ordinarily, though, even ideologically
opposed employees don’t steal state secrets and risk imprisonment.
If they are disgruntled, they seek employment elsewhere. Certainly,
Snowden, with his three years’ experience working for Dell, would

® have little problem finding a job as an IT worker in the booming ®
civilian sector of computer technology. Instead, he sought to widen
his access to NSA documents. This behavior suggests that he might
have had another agenda. One possible clue to it is the first docu-
ment he took: the NSA exam. The answers to the questions in it
represented to him a form of tactical power. Those answers could
empower him to obtain a more important job in the NSA itself that
would allow him to burrow deeper into the executive structure of
the agency. Holding such a job would unlock the door to documents
containing the NSA’s sources stored in areas not available to Dell
contractors like himself.

His later actions demonstrated that he equated the possession of
such secrets with personal power. For example, after he arrived in
Moscow in 2013, he bragged to James Risen of the Times that he
had access to secrets that gave him great leverage over the NSA. He
told him specifically his access to “full lists” of the NSA’s agents and
operations in adversary countries could, if revealed, close down the
NSA’s capabilities to gather information in them.

Such a fascination with the power of government-held secrets

| | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.z.indd 46 ® 9/29/16 5:51 Pa | |

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019534
"
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g a esnol ne BLED ZEB (9S B2E}qj IBJUBD UMOY Jayne j - AIMONSOW 0} ANP Ez91 EER 'Lgs
* Stieqinang Hels Se6t Te 19S ol AouaBiews goog aze s16 (wn) icee eed bBe
veut ue Bis geet 791 194 ~UNMg Wo}snyg sAnealg GM) ZabL 662 212 ti 882 Bre [9g

90

GIUFFRE00 1662

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014216
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012667.txt,"ia Me

Jeffrey H. Sloman
First Asst. US Attorney

Southern District of Florida

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012667
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016048.txt,"358

2.11

2.12
2.13

Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

Is there a theory that would unite gravity with the other
three forces: a Theory of Everything?

Is Schrédinger’s cat alive or dead in the box?

Does ball lightning exist and can it be made in the
laboratory?

3, Cosmology Nobel Prize for Physics

3.1
Bid
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10

3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16

3.17
3.18

3.19

What is the nature of Dark Matter?

What is the nature of Dark Energy?

What is Dark Flow?

The slingshot anomaly.

Did inflation really happen?

Was there a singularity at the origin of our Universe, and
what happened before the first second? An eternity?

Can any information travel faster than the speed of light?
What is the cause of the Pioneer anomaly? (solved in 2011)
Are there aliens?

The Goldilocks question. Why are the cosmological
constants so finely tuned?

Do real numbers exist or is our Universe quantized?

Why is there little antimatter?

What are cosmic rays and where do they come from?
What was the WOW signal?

Does the fine structure constant vary over time?

If we live in an infinite Universe, why don’t we see more
strange things?

Why is the cosmic background radiation so smooth?

How can we explain the lack of total smoothness of the
cosmic background radiation!

Is there an explanation for any detail in the cosmic
background radiation map?

4. Engin e ering Nobel Prize for Chemistry, Turing Award

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4,7
4.8

Can we achieve economic nuclear fusion?

Will we realize cold fusion? (Partially demonstrated)
Can an amateur get to the moon?

Can an amateur collect a rock from the moon? *
Will we make an Artificial Intelligence?

Can we make a Tricorder? *

Can we power the world from renewable sources?
Will robots go to war in the future?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016048
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015541.txt,"Case 1:15-cv-07433 Document1 Filed 09/21/15 Page 11 of 12

non-profit foundation, or share her life story, and thereby help others who have suffered from
sexual abuse.

18. Asa result of Maxwell’s campaign to spread false, discrediting and defamatory
statements about Giuffre, Giuffre suffered substantial damages in an amount to be proven at trial.

19. Maxwell’s false statements have caused, and continue to cause, Giuffre economic
damage, psychological pain and suffering, mental anguish and emotional distress, and other
direct and consequential damages and losses.

20. | Maxwell’s campaign to spread her false statements internationally was unusual
and particularly egregious conduct. Maxwell sexually abused Giuffre and helped Epstein to
sexually abuse Giuffre, and then, in order to avoid having these crimes discovered, Maxwell
wantonly and maliciously set out to falsely accuse, defame, and discredit Giuffre. In so doing,
Maxwell’s efforts constituted a public wrong by deterring, damaging, and setting back Giuffre’s
efforts to help victims of sex trafficking. Accordingly, this is a case in which exemplary and
punitive damages are appropriate.

21. | Punitive and exemplary damages are necessary in this case to deter Maxwell and
others from wantonly and maliciously using a campaign of lies to discredit Giuffre and other
victims of sex trafficking.

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff Giuffre respectfully requests judgment against Defendant
Maxwell, awarding compensatory, consequential, exemplary, and punitive damages in an
amount to be determined at trial, but in excess of the $75,000 jurisdictional requirement; costs of

suit; attorneys’ fees; and such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper.

11

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015541
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017150.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

My Year of Clerking For Justice Goldberg

Justice Arthur Goldberg was a man of action. Before being nominated at age 54 to the Supreme
Court by President John F. Kennedy, Goldberg had accomplished an enormous amount. Unlike
most of the current justices, he would have been in the history books even had he never served on
the High Court.

Arthur Goldberg helped establish the profession of labor law. He represented the most important
labor unions in the country. He helped merge the American Federation of Labor (AFL) with the
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). He helped rid unions of communist influence. He
argued some of the most significant cases before the Supreme Court and other courts, including
the Steel Seizure Case of 1951. He was, perhaps the most successful Secretary of Labor in
history, settling one strike after another and being recognized as a legendary mediator.

The Supreme Court is not a place of action, it is an institution of reaction—to cases and
controversies generated by others. It is a place of thoughtful, often solitary, meditation and
research. Justice Goldberg was used to working with many people. He was accustomed to crisis.
His phone had always rung. When he arrived at the Supreme Court, as he once summarized the
situation, “my phone never rings.” The High Court is the loneliest of institutions. As Justice
Brandeis once put it, “here we do our own work.” The Justices only occassionally interact: on
the bench, in the weekly, somewhat formal, conference; and in informal one-on-one meetings,
which were rare then and even rarer today. It is fair to say that Justice Goldberg was somewhat
lonely, often restless and craved the active life he had left behind.

This is not to say that Justice Goldberg was not a serious intellectual. He was. He was also one
of the smartest justices in history. He loved the Supreme Court. He loved the law. He loved
having intense discussions with his law clerks about jurisprudence and the role of the Supreme
Court. But he needed more than contemplation, deliberation and discussion. The “passive
virtues,” as Professor Alexander Bickel once characterized the Supreme Court’s role in not
making decisions, was a vice to Arthur Goldberg. He wanted to get things done. He too was an
unapologetic judicial activist. He came to the High Court with an agenda—a list of changes he
wanted to help engender.

I will never forget my first meeting with my new boss when I came to work in the Supreme Court
during the summer of 1963. He tossed a certiorari petition at me from across his desk and asked
me to read it in his presence. It was only a few pages long and I did. He then asked me, “What
do you see in it?” I said, “It’s just another pro se cert petition in a capital case.” He said, “No,
what you’re holding in your hand is the vehicle by which we can end capital punishment in the
United States.” Abolishing the death penalty was the first item on his “to do” list as a justice.

My major responsibility during the first part of my clerkship was to draft a memorandum
supporting Justice Goldberg’s views that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment in
violation of the Constitution. He knew we had no chance of getting the majority to support that
view—at least not yet—but he wanted to start a dialogue that would ultimately lead to the judicial
abolition of the death penalty. He decided to focus first on an interracial rape case involving an
African American defendant and a white victim, since almost no whites had been executed for

63

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017150
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014887.txt,"Unauthorized redistribution of this report is prohibited. This report is intended for amanda.ens@baml.com

Internet/e-Commerce
1Q Internet Sector Preview

Earnings Preview

1Q Preview; Expectations building on a strong 2H

Our early sector preview highlights our estimates vs. Street, early 1Q data points, and
some opportunities for 1Q results for 30 stocks in our coverage group (more detailed
company previews to follow). For large-caps, Street 2017 EPS estimates are down 8%
YTD while the average stock price is up 9% YTD; suggesting macro and 2H optimism is
driving stocks, which could continue throughout earnings season. 1Q was not without
potential pressures, including ramping competition in several sectors and delayed tax
refunds. A key theme for the group, in our view, is advertising & listing ranking revenue
initiatives at eCommerce sites (AMZN, EBAY, EXPE), and we are constructive on all three
stocks. Per our Internet sentiment ranking screen (page 7), FB, WIX, TREE have best
sentiment while TWTR and TRIP have weakest.

A few early checks positive, mixed eCommerce data

Our early ad checks suggest robust overall demand, aided by somewhat easy comps vs
1Q’16, with Instagram momentum a standout. eCommerce is more mixed, with some
concerns on consumer spending due to delayed tax refunds, but optimism that spending
will rebound in March/April. In travel, there are modest concerns on pressure on US
inbound travel, a bigger negative for Expedia than Priceline. FX spot rates for both the
Euro and the Pound have depreciated 1% vs. the USS since end of Jan.

Many key upcoming events for stocks in 2Q

Top events in 2Q include Facebook’s F8 developer conference on April 18-19, Google’s
Marketing Next keynote on 5/23, an AWS event in San Francisco on April 18-19,
expected closing Verizon’s acquisition of Yahoo, Netflix’s release of several key
franchise including House of Cards, Orange is the New Black, Sense&, Glow, and
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, consumer wide release of Pandora Premium, Expedia’s
new HomeAway disclosures and, possibly, Amazon’s new revenue disclosures.

We expect meet/beat EPS for several companies

We are above the Street on 2017 EPS for 16 of the 25 stocks discussed within and, of those,
we are most confident in Facebook & Priceline for 1Q upside potential. We expect Facebook
to benefit from robust traffic, Instagram momentum, and greater adoption of audience
targeting tools. We also think Priceline can beat 1Q given strong booking trends into the
quarter and a modest recovery in European travel. We are below the Street on 2017 EPS for
AMZN, TRIP, and YHOO. Expedia is a top eComm/travel idea for 2Q/3Q on potential for

accelerating room nights, HomeAway optimism, and less uncertainty on near-term estimates.

GOOG, AMZN & ZG interesting 1Q sentiment stocks

For large cap’s, we believe GOOGL has had high recent interest given controversy
around Youtube ad placements. We are not sure if Google will provide clarity on the
issue on their call, but we do expect advertisers to return by 3Q and any overhang to be
resolved. For Amazon, the company had new revenue disclosures in its 10-K filing, and
there is growing optimism on advertising being a positive bottom-line driver. In SMID
Internet, Zillow has more controversy going into 1Q as investors are once more
concerned about potential regulation by the CFPB limiting the ability of agents and
mortgage brokers to co-market on the platform. We remain positive on the stock due to
its dominant position in online real estate and our belief that the high RO! of the ad unit
(our survey suggested >6x return) will ensure that agents buy Zillow placements
regardless of mortgage broker incentives. Additionally, we see earnings upside potential.

BofA Merrill Lynch does and seeks to do business with issuers covered in its research reports. As a
result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the
objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making
their investment decision.

Refer to important disclosures on page 62 to 64. Analyst Certification on page 59. Price Objective
Basis/Risk on page 53. 11729935

Timestamp: 06 April 2017 04:12AM EDT

Bankof America
Merrill Lynch

Equity | 06 April 2017

Americas
Internet/e-Commerce

Justin Post

Research Analyst
MLPF&S

+1 415 676 3547
justin.post@baml.com

Nat Schindler

Research Analyst

MLPF&S

+1 415 676 3574
nathaniel.schindler@baml.com

Ryan Goodman, CFA
Research Analyst

MLPF&S

+1 415 676 3560
ryan.c.goodman@baml.com

Jason Mitchell

Research Analyst

MLPF&S

+1 415 676 3534
jason.s.mitchell@baml.com

Akshay Bhatia

Research Analyst
MLPF&S

+1 415 676 3548
akshay.bhatia@baml.com

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_014887
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018263.txt,"mankind’s history precisely because they touch in subtle ways on the human heart,
on what it means really to live.

A friend of mine who runs one of the leading technology firms told me of the
unnerving realization that the most important figures at the firm were under 25 -
and no senior person had much of an idea about what they were doing. This is an
inversion: Usually in a society the most power accrues to those with the most
experience, and judgment and perspective. Today, tremendous even decisive
influence clusters in the hands and machines of a young caste whose very fluency
with the norms of a revolutionary age blots out a whole set of important
connections, a group that instinctively feels networks but is deaf to the music of
philosophy, history and even tragedy that should inform the operation of so much
power. To love risk, to love creating and building - this is fine. Wonderful even. But
it’s also not enough.

“It happens that programming is a relatively easy craft to learn,” the MIT scientist
Joseph Weizenbaum observed in the 1970s, as computers emerged into academic
life. “Almost anyone with a reasonably ordered mind can become a good
programmer with just a little instruction and practice. And because programming is
almost immediately rewarding, that is because a computer very quickly begins to
behave somewhat in the way a programmer intends it to, programming is very
seductive.” The mistake, Weizenbaum warned, was to think that easy programming
of a machine was really a predictor of anything other than getting a machine to
follow commands. It didn’t mean easy programming of a complete operation. Or of
science. Or, godforbid, to think you could easily program the world. Programming,
he warned, “appeals most to those who do not yet have sufficient maturity to
tolerate long delays between an effort to achieve something and the concrete
appearance of success. Immature students are therefore easily misled into believing
that they have mastered a craft of immense power and of great importance when, in
fact, they have learned only the rudiments.”3! Tempting as it may be to call for our
world to be turned over to entrepreneurs or technocrats, to let their tools of wired
efficiency tear with a fast disruptive enthusiasm into our politics and economics, the
reality is that the world (thankfully) does not respond like a cold machine. That
delay between an effort to achieve something and its realization that Weizenbaum
mentioned, it’s the essence of being human. The delay is filled with worry, hope,
debate, exploration, error, success. In short, it’s a hitch that should never be ground
out of our system, no more by technology than by authoritarian or totalitarian or
fundamentalist doctrines that have ever promised instant solution to any probem.
“Just let the entrepreneuers do it” or “Just let the machinces do it,” is no more a
solution than “Just let the Nazis handle this,” could have been.

So this is our dilemma: Old, white-haired, network-blinded leaders (and young
figures who think like them despite their age) pull us from Washington and other

31 “It happens that programming”: Joseph Weizenbaum, Computer Power and
Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation, (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman 1976),
276

31

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018263
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031299.txt,"From: Nicholas Ribis [a

Sent: 10/3/2018 3:10:21 PM
To: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High
In DC finalizing

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 3, 2018, at 11:07 AM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

?

On Wed, Oct 3, 2018 at 9:18 AM Nicholas Ribis {i wrote:

I will call u later

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 2, 2018, at 7:27 PM, J <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/new-york-launches-tax-investigation-into-trump-after-ny-times-report-

2018-10-02

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031299
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032528.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032528
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027141.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\ root \Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2017-01-28\
a on 2017-01-28 at 08.04.40.ichat

Service: iMessag

Start Time: 01/28/17 05:04:40 AM (507301480)
End Time: 01/28/17 11:43:27 AM (507325407)
Last Message ID: 510

Chat Room:
Participants: jee, (i!
Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, FP

Messages -

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 01/28/17 05:04:40 AM (507301480)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

r,
Pe

GUID: E4FFCD2E-9D12-4DDC-A

1E9-6C381B02A6E6

Message: no problem. . interesting is that the philanthropy dollars will start
flowing into trump resistance. climate . environment etc. , nice impetus to shake
loose some of the private charity dollars.

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 01/28/17 08:12:16 AM (507312736)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

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GUID: CES3DF4F-1735-4295-9A34-D748735CC29E

Message: Yes , but not by trump . New medical group to be announced to study va . Mayo
Cleveland involved

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 01/28/17 08:14:08 AM (507312848)
Flags: 1085445
Ts Read: No

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GUID: 24AEFA6F4-0219-4719-868A-2934D26C9344

Message: Trumps health guy is Moscowitz z palm beach

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027141
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028272.txt,"/ BARAK / 138

struck me from that first meeting as strong, cool-headed, highly intelligent and
intensely cerebral. Though we didn’t go into the details of the Iranian nuclear
threat, he did talk at some length about the implications for the region, and about
broader Middle Eastern security challenges. He displayed a grasp of the cultural
and political nuances of an increasingly diverse and complex world that was more
impressive than many of the other American political or military leaders whom I’d
met.

When he and I now returned to the issue of Iran, in the White House, he had an
undeniable command of the details of Iran’s nuclear program, and of the American
military options, should he choose to use them. He opened by summarizing the US
position. He emphasized that his and our objective was the same: the keep Iran
from developing a nuclear weapon. We were already cooperating to achieve that,
for instance through cyber-attacks to slow down the nuclear program. The
difference, he said, was that Israeli leaders seemed to feel an urgent need to reach a
decision on military action. In Obama’s view, such a move would be both
premature and potentially harmful to the coalition he’d helped assemble to exert
diplomatic and economic pressure on Iran.

Maybe you had to be an Israeli truly to understand our urgency about Iran. In
the early years of the state, the explanation we gave for our preoccupation with
security — our near-obsession, as some non-Israelis saw it — was that we were
surrounded by Arab countries pledged not just to defeat us, but erase us from the
map. Egypt or Syria, Jordan or Iraq, could afford to lose an Arab-Israeli war.
Israel’s first defeat, however, would be its last. That picture had changed
dramatically over the decades. We no longer had to worry about the prospect of
losing a war. The “qualitative edge” we possessed over all enemy armies in the
region ensured that. As Israel’s chief of staff, Prime Minister, and now Defense
Minister, I had made it a major priority to safeguard that advantage, not just
through our alliance with the US but with the remarkable domestic resources we
possessed in military engineering, manufacturing, design, invention and high-tech.
But the new-order challenge represented by Iran was not just theoretical or
academic. Though we had a policy of not commenting on on our own nuclear
status, it was widely assumed in the Arab world and internationally that Israel had,
at the very least, the capacity to manufacture nuclear weapons. But whatever
nuclear capability we might possess was for deterrence. Even when threatened
with conventional defeat, however briefly, in the Yom Kippur War of 1973, it is

424
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028272
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021213.txt,"Pulling out my Australian drivers license from my wallet, I was going
to hand it over to them but they were sufficed at a quick glance. There
was no meet and greet, they went straight to the point. One agent picked
up a briefcase off the porch floor and opened it up taking out a stapled
stack of paper. Then that same agent asked me if I had ever known an
affiliate by the name of Mr. Jeffrey Epstein. All of the sudden my
stomach tangled in a familiar knot that I hadn’t felt in many years from a
past life that I was trying to forget about. I nodded in affirmation of their
question and said “It was a long time ago and he’s no longer an affiliate
of mine, but yes, I did know him once.” It was shameful enough to think
about let alone talk about with them for the first time since I had started
my entire life over. His next response left me nothing short of speechless.
The United States Attorney’s Office for the district of Florida was giving
me a notification of being an identified victim. Jeffrey was finally caught
for his atrocious acts of perversion on girls who.were barely old enough
to even comprehend “the birds and the bees” so to speak.

On June 30"" 2008, Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty for procurement of
minors to engage in and solicitation of prostitution. More than a dozen
girls had been named as victims of Jeffrey’s federal offense’s and without
ever stepping a day in court he was granted a plea bargain consenting to
charges that named him a registered pedophile for only two of the minor
girls. Getting away with even serving only twelve of the sentenced
eighteen months behind bars be that in the evening alone and in the
morning he was released during the day. Restricted to the confinement of
his lavish mansion in Palm Beach only to be with his original sex slaves
from over ten years ago, Nadia Marcinkova and Sarah Kellen, and
knowing Jeffrey all too well, they wouldn’t be the only ones there while
he was pulling his laughing stint of retribution. Even at nighttime the girls
were still allowed to visit him, accounting to nearly seventy times while
serving his time in incarceration.

No justice had been served for any of us victims. Denied the very
constitutional rights allegedly there to protect and serve us. We weren’t
allowed to have a voice in front of a jury and judge or even informed for
that matter. Instead we were handed this notification of being a victim but
told we were all too late to do anything about. To make matters worse
part of that plea bargain was that we had the option to sue him with the
lawyers he provided for us, and conveniently enough I found out later
they were also his lawyer’s old friends from the college days.

I felt my knees go weak and the anxiety churning in my stomach was
now making me feel sick. Taking the bundle of paperwork from the agent
who was now handing it to over me, I had to excuse myself before my
legs actually buckled. Closing the door behind me I couldn’t even find
the words to tell my husband what was going on. I rushed to the back of

137

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CONFIDENTIAL GIUPFRE004270

the house and went out to the back yard where I wanted a minute to
compose myself and process the information I had just been told. Robbie
followed behind me but the stillness in my eyes convinced him to give
me that moment to compile my emotions.

A few moments later and I was ready to talk. Collapsing into his arms
with such anguish, he just held me until my sobs subsided and I was able
to tell him what actually happened. Starting with an apology, I began to
tell him how I was so sorry but my troubled past has come back to plague
our simply sweet lives and was just about to turn it all upside down. He
was so understanding from the beginning of all this, telling me that he
will always be behind every choice that I make in mending the sorrows of
my tormenting past and there he has been through all of the thick and
thins.

Deciding to call the lawyers on the victim suit provided for me was a
big decision but one I had to do to seek the unanswered questions from
my battered heart. The two women at the firm that I spoke to treated me
so wonderfully, like long term friends they counseled me not only in the
terms of a lawsuit towards Jeffrey but also in the matters of being
emotionally and sexually abused. I chose to proceed with the lawsuit at
least to make a statement to a man that tried to make a degrading
statement about me so long ago. Now it was my turn, I had the choice to
turn the tables on him hoping he would feel embarrassed and in the
spotlight for everyone’s entertainment where he had kept me for so many
years.

Winning my lawsuit against him was not enough to heal old wounds, I
never got the chance to stand up in front of a jury and tell them how
much pain I had endured and still endure throughout the many nightmares
I face when darkness hits and the silence of the sleeping household fills
my head with pictures of reliving my past with him or the others he sent
me too. Or did I even get to hear him confess his guilt and suffer the way
I did locked in confinement for many years? No, instead | got to see a
picture of Jeffrey with his arms around a very youthful looking teenager,
if even that, parading the streets of New York, the very way he had with
me and so many other girls long before.

As if it were a public display intended for not only his many victims to
see but also a spectacle for the public justice system, it was bold show of
insolence laughing in our faces while we all sat by not being able to do
anything to help these young girls from the streets still suffering his
perverted afflictions. Not much longer there was another story on Jeffrey
I saw in the papers of him and Prince Andrew having a stroll together in
Central Park. It instantly sparked my concerns for other girls in the very
same position I was in so long ago and he was obviously up to the same
old tricks, I had to do something now. Not being able to sit by any longer

138

00 Copyright Protected Material

GIULVRL004271

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021213
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027627.txt,"Is Invitation: No

GUID: 1CCFO287-70DB-4C23-87C2-831607C9E986

Message: Yeah: h

Sender: e:]j

Time: 03/28

was hoping to run into her

itunes@gmail.com

/19 08:03:59 AM

Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: AA92A

r,

(575478239)

60B-730E-4C48-BFC5-D6AAE7 3AB636

Message: I can organize Jacques lang at my house if you have an interest in an icon.

Sender? e273

Time: 03/28

itunes@gmail.com

/19 10:05:39 AM

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Ts Read: No

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5

(575485539)

GUID: 49FBB721-F973-4BFE-B7AB-FAE7AFDE2F92

Message: Do you think you are coming to Paris?

Sender: e:]j
Time: 03/28
Flags: 1150

Ts Read: No

itunes@gmail.com

/19 01:53:07 PM

981

Is Invitation: No

(575499187)

=]

GUID: A8A1D397-8A7F-4C56-BD53-COOF7B68BECC

Message: https://www.washingtonpost.com/classic-apps/how-donald-trump-used-unusual-

Tinancial-documents-to-exaggerate-his-wealth-and-hid
debts/2019/03/28/dc9fdb6e-49aa-1le9-9663-00ac73£49662 story.html?utm term=.8f35beb8c3a8
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 03/28
Flags: 1150

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Message: U coming to Paris Saturday?

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itunes@gmail.com

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HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027627
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021575.txt,"Page 1

09/30/2008
SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

KREREREEREK “CHILD LOCATE *#*¥X*xkekKRKR

09/30/08 18:48:47

Case Number: 31E-MM-108062 Stat Agent Name: Report Date: 09/30/2008 b6
Serial No.: Stat Agent SOC.: Accom Date.: 06/30/2008 b7¢c
bT7E

Does Accomplishment Involve

Assisting Agents SOC

Subject Name

Drugs... ee ee ee es 2 N Co | [|

A Fugitive. ......e.e. 3 N |

Bankruptcy Fraud. ...... 2 N |

Computer Fraud/Abuse. . .. . :°N | RA Squad_—s Task Force
Corruption of Public Officials: N | core seers seeeeeeees
Money Laundering. ......:N | PBC = PB SSPBC

Sub. Invest. Asst by Other FOs:

Investigative Assistance or Technique Used

FINAN ANALYST
AIRCRAFT ASST
COMPUTER ASST

LAB FIELD SUP
PEN REGISTERS
PHOTO COVERGE

UCO - NAT BACK
NCAVC/VI-CAP
CRIM/NS INTEL

VICT-WITN COOR
IO WANTED FLYR
SARS

CONSEN MONITR POLYGRAPH CRIS NEG-FED CART
ELSUR/FISC SRCH WAR EXEC CRIS NEG-LOC ASSET FORF PRO
ELSUR/III SHOW MONEY ERT ASST FORF SUPPORT P
ENG FIELD SUP SOG ASST BUTTE-ITC TFOS/CTD

ENG TAPE EXAM SWAT TEAM SAVANNAH- ITC CXS/CTD

LEGATS ASST. TECH AG/EQUIP POC-WRCSC INFRAGARD/CYD
EVIDNCE PURCH TEL TOLL RECS FT. MON-NRCSC OFC/CID
INFORMANT/CW UCO-GROUP I FOR LANG ASST PPP

LAB DIV EXAMS

UCO-GROUP II

NON FBI LAB EX

= Used, but did not help
= Helped, Minimally

= Helped, Substantially
= Absolutely Essential

Living/Deceased: Living
Date Child Located: 06/30/2008

ENTERED UPON RECEIPT

SENSITIVE / UNCLASSIFIED

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021575
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030839.txt,"This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of
information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030839
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016528.txt,"Page 19 of 42
103 Minn. L. Rev. 844, *882

[*883] This is a stark contrast with European justice systems, but U.S. jurisdictions are not alone in shielding prosecution
decisions from judicial oversight. Aside from England and Wales, courts in other common law jurisdictions - notably Canada

and Australia - take roughly the same approach and defer to prosecutorial charging discretion. !76

5. Summary of Declination Oversight

Both private prosecution and review procedures provide a kind of redundancy that checks prosecutorial declination decisions,
and both can do so im service of public interests as well as victims’ private interests. Both options have some capacity to
challenge prosecutorial judgments affected by political or personal biases, institutional allegiances (especially between police
and local politicians), or other illicit sources of favor or disfavor. As one commentator put it in the English context, private
prosecution authority recognizes that victims possess some capacity to be independent ""assessors of the evidence as well as the
public interest."" !*? Review procedures enable judges and supervisory [*884] officials to do much the same thing, without the
cost barriers for victims posed by private prosecutions. (Although it may well be that poorer victims are less likely even to
petition for review, especially if they lack legal counsel to press their review requests.)

Why, then, have U.S. jurisdictions so uniformly rejected both options? As noted, both racial politics and the power of common
law tradition are probable contributing reasons. '3° Another is the singular choice of most state justice systems to make
prosecutors locally elected officials, which does much to prevent kinds of over-and underenforcement disfavored by local
majorities. That, in turn, likely reduces pressure for reforms that would improve other safeguards against decisions not to
prosecute - especially decisions that cut against popular local preferences, which in many communities include rigorous

2016) (authorizing victims dissatisfied with public prosecutor to petition the court and granting courts the power to allow victim's attorney to
take over as private prosecutor).

87 See 12 RL Gen. Laws$§12-4-1, 12-4-2, 12-4-6, 12-12-1.3 (2017); Cronan ex rel. State v. Cronan, 774 A.2d 866, 871 (RI. 2001)
(approving private misdemeanor prosecution for assault under state statutes).

88 See State v. Martineau, 808 A.2d 51, 54 (N.H. 2002); see also State by Tucker v. Gratta, 133 A.2d 482, 482 (N.H. 1957) (holding that state
prosecutors retain power to dismiss private criminal complaints).

89 See, e.g., N.C. Gen. Stat.§$15A-303, 304 (2016); Moose, 313 S.E.2d at 512-13 (requiring that the public prosecutor remain in continuous
control of the case). Scattered marginal remnants of private enforcement may remain elsewhere, such as an Oklahoma statute providing that

prosecutions for adultery (a felony) may be ""commenced and carried on against either of the parties to the crime only by his or her own
husband or wife."" Okla. Stat. tit. 2] § 871 (2017) (""Prosecution for adultery can be commenced and carried on against either of the parties to
the crime only by his or her own husband or wife as the case may be, or by the husband or wife of the other party to the crime."").

°° The Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure, 1981, Cmnd. 8092, P 7.47 (UK); see also Gouriet v. Union of Post Office Workers [1978]
AC (HL) 435 at 477 (Eng. and Wales) (private prosecutions are a ""valuable constitutional safeguard against inertia or partiality on the part of
the authority""); cf. Manikis, supra note 66, at 67, 71 (describing review as a means to correct prosecution errors).

91 In re Hickson, 2000 PA Super 402, PP 22, 41; see also In_re Piscanio, 344 A.2d 658, 660-61 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1975) (""The judge's
independent review of the complaint checks and balances the district attorney's decision and further hedges against possibility of error."").

9% United States v. Armstrong, 517 U.S. 456, 461-64 (1996).

3 Arguments for strengthening the doctrine to make claims easier to pursue are common. See, e.g., Richard H. McAdams, Race and
Selective Prosecution: Discovering the Pitfalls of Armstrong, 73 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 605, 606 (1998) (discussing use of the equal protection
doctrine but challenging current precedent).

°4 Grand juries remain a fixture in the federal system and in roughly half the states. See Sara Sun Beale et al., Grand Jury Law and Practice §
1:5 (2d ed. 2017) (describing grand jury status and rules in states and noting states that have partially or wholly abolished grand juries);
Andrew D. Leipold, Why Grand Juries Do Not (and Cannot) Protect the Accused, 80 Cornell L. Rev. 260, 274-75 (1995) (noting difficulty of
getting data on grand jury screening and offering reasons why grand juries rarely reject requests for indictments). To extend the comparison,
public officials (judges) have a long track record of doing the same task that trial and grand juries do. That available substitute did not lead to
calls for juries’ abolition. Yet the availability of public prosecutors as replacements led to the U.S. jurisdictions to abolish private prosecutors.

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016528
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024767.txt,"ACKRELL
CAPITAL CHAPTER VII Capital Markets for Cannabis Companies

Canadian Securities Exchange

($U.S. millions, except stock price)

LTM Forward Forward
Stock % Below EV Revenue EBITDA
Price 52-Week Market Enterprise LTM LTM ——_Muttiples Multiples Multiples
Company Ticker A107 | _ High _Value_ Value (EV) Revenue EBITDA Revenue EBITDA 2018 2019 2018 2019
Alliance Growers Corp. CSE:ACG $0.16 20.0% $6.9 $6.8 $0.0 $0.0 NM NM 5.0x  —0.3x NM 0.8x
Alternate Health Corp. CSE:AHG 1.52 78.0% (30 76.6 10.3 -64 7AX NM NA NA NA NA
Beleave Inc. CSE:BE 1.38 37.5% 448 444 0.0 8.8 NM NM 11.4 NA NM NA
Canada House Wellness Group Inc. CSE:CHV 0.29 43.3% 35.6 36.3 44 -41 8.2 NM NA NA NA NA
CannaRoyalty Corp. CSE:CRZ 2.28 41.2% 96.9 96.3 2.2 -8.6 44.2 NM 3.1 18  17.0x 84
CannTrust Holdings Inc. CSE:TRST 5.43 12.5% 4718 466.3 12.6 52 36.9 NM 9.0 65 31.8 20.6
DOJA Cannabis Company Limited  CSE:DOJA 1.06 8.7% 16.2 16.0 0.0 0.1 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Eviana Health Corporation CSE:EHC 1,08 30.0% 16.7 172 0.0 0.0 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Friday Night Inc. CSE:TGIF 0.39 13.8% 60.3 61.2 0.8 -19 74.3 NM NA NA NA NA
Future Farm Technologies Inc. CSE:FFT 0.37 23.8% 37.2 37.7 0.3 15 NM NM NA NA NA NA
International Cannabrands Inc. CSEJUJU.A 0.18 20.5% 1.8 24 0.2 -1.2 14.8 NM NA NA NA NA
Global Cannabis Applications Corp. | CSE:APP 0.26 20.9% 10.5 10.7 0.0 -11 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Global Hemp Group Inc. CSE:GHG 0.09 17.2% 14.3 144 0.0 0.0 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Golden Leaf Holdings Ltd. CSE:GLH 0.27 36.4% 110.1 1155 70 -106 14.6 NM NA NA NA NA
HealthSpace Data Systems Ltd. CSE:HS 0.08 23.1% 87 9.8 {2 -15 54 NM NA NA NA NA
High Hampton Holdings Corp. CSE:HC 0.30 22.0% 3.8 a 0.0 0.3 NM NM NA NA NA NA
nMed Pharmaceuticals Inc. CSE:IN 0.52 30.2% 67.5 62.7 0.0 -4.6 NM NM NA NA NA NA
sodial Intemational Inc. CSE:ISOL 1.14 18.8% 251.2 250.7 14.2 0.6 17.6 NM NA NA NA NA
Kaneh Bosm Bio Technology Inc. CSE:KBB 0.06 37.5% 08 07 0.0 0.0 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Liberty Health Sciences Inc. CSE:LHS ee 33.2% 377.5 J5 0.0 0.0 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Liberty Leaf Holdings Ltd. CSE:LIB 0.21 11.5% 20.2 19.7 0.0 -19 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Lifestyle Delivery Systems Inc CSE: LDS 0.50 26.4% 46.0 446 07 6.1 65.3 NM NA NA NA NA
Lotus Ventures Inc. CSE 0.40 16.1% 17.8 17.7 0.0 05 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Marapharm Ventures Inc. CSE:MDM 0.76 44.6% M14 69.8 04 -3.6 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Maricann Group Inc. CSE:MARI 1.76 15.9% 162.7 162.2 off -143 52.9 NM 9.8 2.0 NM 58
Matica Enterprises Inc. CSE:MMJ 0.25 5.8% 57.1 56.0 0.0 -18 NM NM NA NA NA NA
MPX Bioceutical Corporation CSE:MPX 0.39 51.5% 100.7 108.0 10.6 -3.5 10.2 NM 5.2 29 NM 3
MYM Nutraceuticals Inc. CSE:MYM 215 1.7% 200.8 200.4 Us -0.9 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Platinex Inc. CSE:PTX 0.10 28.9% oS 9.8 0.0 -07 NM NM NA NA NA NA
PUF Ventures Inc. CSE:PUF 0.79 11.3% A12 308 0.0 -1.2 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Quadron Cannatech Corporation CSE:QCC 0.19 44.4% 10.7 10.0 17 -0.7 6.0 NM NA NA NA NA
Quinsam Capital Corporation CSE:QCA 0.34 24.1% 15.0 12.8 0.0 04 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Ravenquest Biomed Inc. CSE:RVT 0.03 47.1% 1.0 1 0.0 0.2 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Supreme Pharmaceuticals Inc. CSE:SL 1.06 33.2% 219.3 202.5 12 -13.4 NM NM 16.6 25 NM 78
TerrAscend Corp. CSE:TER 138 13.6% 61.9 61.0 0.0 -4.3 NM NM NA NA NA NA
THC Biomed Intl Ltd. CSE:THC 0.59 33.9% 65.4 66.8 0.0 -1.2 NM NM NA NA NA NA
True Leaf Medicine International Ltd. CSE:MJ 0.69 9.2% 46.4 45.9 0.8 -24 56.9 NM NA NA NA NA
Valens Groworks Corp. CSEVGW 0.85 33.9% 52.0 51.8 0.0 -3.4 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Veritas Pharma Inc. CSE:VRT 0.69 5.3% 28.5 278 0.0 24 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Vodis Pharmaceuticals Inc. CSE:VP 0.30 61.0% g2 107 0.0 -3.6 NM NM NA NA NA NA
Wildflower Marijuana Inc. CSE:SUN 052 46.0% 275 274 0.2 08 NM NM NA NA NA NA

24.1%

© 2017 Ackrell Capital, LLC | Member FINRA/SIPC 131

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024767
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017636.txt,"ARTICLE: Treating Crime Victims Fairly: Integrating Victims into the Federal Rules o

Criminal Procedure

2007

Reporter
2007 Utah L. Rev. 861 *

Length: 59852 words

Author: Paul G. Cassell*

* Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law of the University of Utah, Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Utah,
2002-07. Thanks to Sara Sun Beale, Doug Beloof, Doug Berman, Russell Butler, Matt Cannon, Meg Garvin, Nancy King, Erik
Luna, Peter McCabe, Benjamin McMurray, Ross McPhail, Dan Medwed, Wendy Murphy, Daphne Oberg, Jim Oleson, Judge
James Orenstein, Alice Ristroph, Greg Skordas, Felise Thorpe Moll, Steve Twist, Stewart Young, and especially my wife
Trish.

Text

[*863]
I. Introduction

Federal courts should treat crime victims fairly in the criminal process. In a nod to that goal, the Advisory Committee on the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (Advisory Committee) has circulated for public comment proposed amendments to the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (the Rules) regarding crime victims’ rights. These amendments attempt to implement the
recently-enacted Crime Victims' Rights Act (CVRA), | which guarantees crime victims a series of rights, including the right to
be treated fairly. Unfortunately, the proposed amendments are mere tentative, half measures that do not begin to fully protect
crime victims.

This Article contends that the Advisory Committee should broaden its vision of the proper role for crime victims and
recommend far more expansive victim protections. In the CVRA, Congress articulated specific rights for crime victims, such as
the right to be notified of court hearings, to attend those hearings, and to speak at appropriate points in the process. * But along
with these specific rights came the sweeping requirement that crime victims ""be treated with fairness and with respect for the
victim's dignity and privacy."" * This congressional command must not be ignored. In addition, entirely apart from any
congressional dictate, crime victims deserve fair treatment in the federal system. Acting for the federal judiciary, the Advisory
Committee should make certain that the Rules fully reflect victims’ interests rather than allow the initiative for protecting
victims to pass to other branches of government.

This Article proceeds in five parts. Following this Introduction, Part II reviews events leading to the recently circulated
amendments. The amendments were prompted by the CVRA - an act passed by Congress in 2004 to protect victims' rights
through the federal criminal process. To comply with the CVRA, the federal criminal rules had to be amended in many places,

' Pub. L. No. 108-405, § 102(a), 178 Stat. 2260, 2261-62 (codified as amended at /8 U.S.C. § 3771 (Supp. 2006)).

2 18 U.S.C. § 3771 (a)(2)-(4).
3 Id. § 3771 (a)(8).

DAVID SCHOEN

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017636
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025479.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2019-06-11\
a on 2019-06-02 at 07.37.48.ichat

Service: iMessag

Start Time: 06/02/19 04:32:25 AM (581167945)
End Time: 06/11/19 06:27:28 PM (581995648)
Last Message ID: 30555

Chat Room:

Presentity IDs: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com, 13109906526

Messages -

Time: 06/02/19 04:32:25 AM (581167945)
Flags: 1126401
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

5

GUID: EFB3A6DD-BE94-4090-AFCE-B571688EEE6C

Message: We got some great material yesterday

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/02/19 04:34:57 AM (581168097)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 3BB/7DB9C-F08A-435C-BFFB-3EFESB88F7A2

Message: let me know your schedule and if you want to come to the island next weekend
would be perfect. and i would fly you guys back in addition I've told dan to send
darren an invoice for 100k . I don't like you laying out money

Sender: i’

Time: 06/02/19 04:36:56 AM (581168216)
Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 8A19F7A4-32F6-465D-BE4A-33C07406C8A6

Message: Let me make the overall deal with darren-- don't want to do this piecemeal --
I've already got my 2 other shooters and editors off on other projects and need to get
back-- key now is getting the entire 'cast'

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 06/02/19 04:37:48 AM (581168268)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025479
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015227.txt,"My friend Roy Zimmerman, who writes and sings satirical folk songs
in the tradition of Tom Lehrer, has a spoken piece of patter which goes: “I
just got back from the conspiracy convention. Have you been? It’ s fun.
Seven hundred conspiracy theorists all in one hotel, with the little name
tags, ‘Hello, my name is—none of your fucking business!’ Great
seminars— ‘Triangulation and You, ‘Paranoia for Profit,’ ‘Victoria’ s
Real Secret Was J. Edgar Hoover.’ In the lobby, | saw five people get off
the elevator—what, you think that’ s a coincidence? There was
entertainment, of course—a group of horny anti-government folk singers
called the Randy Weavers.”

Zimmerman was surprised to learn that there would actually be an
event such as the one that he thought he was making up. Although the
real conspiracy convention didn’ t have the seven hundred attendees he
had imagined, there were over 500, including 40% from out of state and
10% from other countries, including Canada, England, Australia, Denmark,
Austria and Ireland. Also taking place at the Santa Clara Convention Center
that same weekend as Conspiracy Con was the Charismatic Catholic

Convention. Dueling religions, together again.

zk k *

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015227
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026539.txt,"FIGURE 3: LEARNING DYNAMICS OF THE ENVELOPE GAME

Equilibrium Classification

Player 1 Player 2
CWL
Exit if Defect
All D: CWOL C if Low
Exit if Always
Look Exit
All D

CWOL:

CWL:

Lo

Frequency

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026539
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033150.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: 6/1/2019 10:45:53 PM

To: Nicholas Ribis

https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/44649 1 -trump-announces-departure-of-white-house-lawyer-

emmet-flood

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033150
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024044.txt,"Fund will seek to fund companies much later into commercialization to the point of
sustainable profitability. These investments will be into private or small capitalization
public companies in situations where the Fund Managers believe that the key risk
inflection and the period of greatest value creation will be around regulatory approval
and demonstration of commercial attractiveness of the product. These investments will
focus on products where the level of clinical and regulatory risk is relatively low, and
where commercial penetration can be driven by smaller, highly targeted sales and
marketing activities. Biopharmaceutical companies at this stage have historically been
attractive acquisition targets, and have consistently demonstrated that they can access
public markets through IPOs in a broad range of market conditions. Examples of this
type of later stage investment in the New Leaf portfolio include Acadia Pharmaceuticals
(NLV-IIL NASDAQ: ACAD, exited at 2.5x), Phase III, focused on psychosis associated
with neurodegenerative diseases, Durata Therapeutics (NLV-II, private initially, now
public on NASDAQ: DRTX), Phase III, focused on a late stage antibiotic development
program spun out of Pfizer, and InterCept Pharmaceuticals (NLV-II, NASDAQ: ICPT,
exited at 3.2x), Phase III, focused on an orphan indication in liver disease.

e Investments in public companies at any stage, whose primary assets are product
programs or product platforms. Most of these investments will be focused on small
capitalization companies at the clinical or early commercialization stage. New Leaf’s
focus on investment opportunities in small capitalization public biotech companies
leverage the broad investment capabilities within the firm and benefit from the focused
efforts of a small team of investment professionals dedicated exclusively to public
market activities. As a result of this integrated approach, investments in public
companies often target companies the Fund Managers have tracked over a number of
years, some from the time when they were private companies. The dedicated public
market team proactively tracks and screens the aggregate universe of biotech
companies, with the goal of identifying compelling risk/reward investment
opportunities. The primary focus of the screening efforts is to identify high-quality
companies with attractive valuations that require financing to fund the company
through key development milestones. The Fund will generally look to source or
augment transformative, structured transactions in public companies, where a New Leaf
partner will have the opportunity to join the board of directors. An example of an
investment that resulted from New Leaf’s focus on public market opportunities includes
MEI Pharma (NLV-II, NASDAQ: MEIP), an investment the Fund Managers made to
recapitalize the company after it had acquired a lead asset, Pracinostat, and needed
capital to advance the program through clinical development. Pracinostat was an asset
that was well known to New Leaf, as members of the team had followed it closely for
several years while it was owned by a private company (S*Bio), and had made attempts
to acquire and spin out the asset in the past. In addition to sourcing opportunities, the
public market team assists the broader biopharmaceutical investment efforts by
managing the sale and exit of New Leaf’s larger positions in public securities, and by
providing real-time insight into evolving market sentiment to the biotechnology and
broader healthcare technology sectors that helps guide decisions around new
investments and exit decisions.

For a complete list of investments made by the Fund Managers in healthcare technology
companies see Appendices 1 and 4.

33 CONTROL NUMBER 257 - CONFIDENTIAL

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024044
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029921.txt,"About Diana DeGette

Chief Deputy Whip Diana DeGette is a 8th term member of Congress, representing
Colorado’s 1st Congressional district. In her eight terms serving the Denver metro region,
Diana has established herself as a leader for progressive change on health care,
reproductive rights, food safety, consumer protection and the environment.

DeGette is the most senior legislator in Colorado’s House delegation, and in the 111th
Congress she held a large amount of power as the House Democratic chief deputy whip and
the vice chair of the influential House Energy and Commerce Committee.

With the Republicans taking control of the House in 2010, DeGette lost her vice chair
position, but she is still a chief deputy whip and the ranking member of the Energy and
Commerce Committee’s subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations.

In January, 2011, Rep. DeGette was elected the Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on
Oversight and Investigations.

DeGette is best known for championing increased federal funding for stem-cell research. In
2006, the congresswoman pushed President George W. Bush to issue the very first veto of
his presidency when she teamed up with then-Rep. Mike Castle (R-Del.) to pass the Stem
Cell Research Enhancement Act through a GOP-controlled Congress.

In summer 2008, DeGette published ""Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Assault
on Reason,"" a book that condemns the politicization of science and argues that legislation

on issues like abortion, birth control and funding for education programs should be based
on science rather than religion. ""Too many of our elected officials are simply incapable of

thinking rationally about sex,"" she writes.

Diana is married to attorney Lino Lipinsky. They have two daughters and a dog.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029921
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026170.txt,"From: SSS

Sent: 9/21/2017 9:56:38 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

enjoy’

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 21, 2017, at 11:36 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
in florida ,

On Thu, Sep 21, 2017 at 3:23 PM, {i wrote:
hey shiek .. 1 will be in new york saturday for a day trip .. i can drop by to say hello saturday night .. if you
bussy dont worry, we can meet in kuwait in nov inshalla

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 21, 2017, at 1:35 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

only you please

On Wed, Sep 20, 2017 at 6:26 PM, {aaa wrote:

thnx jeff ..im prayingpisbid
Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 21, 2017, at 1:17 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

the book worked. :)

On Wed, Sep 20, 2017 at 5:57 PM, [i wrote:

only for you .. trump is on the phone today .. it is possible any minute that all parties will be on one table in
new york including my dear old man to put an end to this

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 20, 2017, at 11:51 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

Im certain you understand - I'm sure you will have a great new year . No need to respond
please note

The information contained in this communication is

confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may

constitute inside information, and is intended only for

the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this

communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026170
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030229.txt,"Date: Saturday, March 12 2011 02:15 AM 
Subject: Fw: Daily Mail 
From: Gmax 
To: jeevacation@gmail.com; 
--- Original Message From: Ross gow ‹> 
To: Gmax; 
Cc: Brian Basham <>-; Ross Gow < >; Ian Ian Maxwell <__________________________>; 
Kevin Maxwell <>.; Gareth Thompson <>; 
Sent: Thu Mar 10 16:29:24 2011 
Subject: Re: Daily Mail 
Maz is the most devious and cunning of the bunch. However, Editors can pay for people, stories and documents. They can even pay 
criminals if it is in the public interest. 
Maz can pay who he wants for info but the Yorkshire Ripper for instance, as a convicted criminal, can't sell his story.. unless in public 
interest cos there was say, a bent detective. 
Below is from PCC Code for Editors. It is not well drafted. 
15 
Witness payments in criminal trials 
i) No payment or offer of payment to a witness - or any person who 
may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness - should be made 
in any case once proceedings are active as defmed by the Contempt of 
Court Act 1981. 
This prohibition lasts until the suspect has been freed 
unconditionally by police without charge or bail or the proceedings 
are otherwise discontinued; or has entered a guilty plea to the court; 
or, in the event of a not guilty plea, the court has announced its 
verdict. 
*ii) Where proceedings are not yet active but are likely and 
foreseeable, editors must not make or offer payment to any person who 
may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness, unless the 
information concerned ought demonstrably to be published in the public 
interest and there is an over-riding need to make or promise payment 
for this to be done; and all reasonable steps have been taken to 
ensure no financial dealings influence the evidence those witnesses 
give. In no circumstances should such payment be conditional on the 
outcome of a trial. 
*iii) Any payment or offer of payment made to a person later cited to 
give evidence in proceedings must be disclosed to the prosecution and 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030229 
defence. The witness must be advised of this requirement. 
16 
*Payment to criminals 
i) Payment or offers of payment for stories, pictures or information, 
which seek to exploit a particular crime or to glorify or glamorise 
crime in general, must not be made directly or via agents to convicted 
or confessed criminals or to their associates — who may include 
family, friends and colleagues. 
ii) Editors invoking the public interest to justify payment or offers 
would need to demonstrate that there was good reason to believe the 
public interest would be served. If, despite payment, no public 
interest emerged, then the material should not be published. 
Ross Gow 
Managing Partner 
ACUITY Reputation Limited 
23 Berkeley Square 
London W1J 6HE 
Mobile 
Tel 
acuityreputation.com 
Sent from my iPad 
On 10 Mar 2011, at 16:41, GMAX 
> wrote: 
Actually school means university in the states. I think probably best not to get into the legality or not of sexual activity of young 
people and nor is it relevant to JE case as he was in his late 40's at the time of this story. .the headline is deliberately wrong. school adults 
would have been accurate.. 
0n3/10/11 3:16 AM, ""Brian Basham"" < > wrote: 
We should think about a letter to the editor today. 'School' can mean university. Age of consent in Florida is complex — see 
below: 
If you are 16-yrs-old, a sexual relationship with someone 18-24is legal in Florida. The two persons involved must be between 16 
and 24. 
Florida Statute 794.05 
(1) A person 24 years of age or older who engages in sexual activity with a person 16 or 17 years of age commits a felony of the 
second degree. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030230 
So as soon as you turn 16 you are able to have sexual relations. And you can have sexual relations with a minor (under 18) until 
your 24th birthday. 
'Females for JE': Disturbing log of telephone calls from schoolchildren found in sex den of Duke's billionaire friend 
By Stephen Wright < <http://wwvv.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=y &authornamef=Stephen+Wright> 
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=y &authornamef=Stephen+Wright> 
Last updated at 6:30 PM on 9th March 2011 
Details of the disturbing lifestyle led by Jeffrey Epstein emerged last night after the Daily Mail uncovered logs of telephone 
messages left at his Florida child sex den. 
Schoolchildren were among hundreds of callers who apparently rang to arrange massages for the 58-year-old billionaire friend of 
Prince Andrew, who was later convicted of child sex offences. 
Ghislaine Maxwell, 49-year-old daughter of the disgraced media mogul Robert Maxwell, is named in several messages. 
Disturbing: Messages were found in Florida home of Jeffrey Epstein, left. The billionaire, 58, is a friend of Prince Andrew, right 
In one left for her or 'Sarah', a caller says she 'doesn't know at what time she must come this night for the massage'. 
Other messages for Epstein, the sources of which are not clear, contain such phrases as: 'She has females for Mr JE' and 'I have a 
female for him'. 
Another with sickening overtones comes from someone called Jeanluc for Epstein: 'He just did a good one — 18 years. (She spoke 
to me and said, ""I love Jeffrey"")'. 
The long list of women is punctuated by regular references to Epstein's celebrity friends including the business magnate Donald 
Trump, film producer Harvey Weinstein and magician David Copperfield, referred to as 'Magic David'. 
The sheer volume of phone traffic shows the frequency of Epstein's massages, many of which were 'erotic' and allegedly 
involved the abused girls. 
The evidence is from documents confiscated by police during a criminal investigation into Epstein and seen yesterday by the 
Mail. 
<image.png> 
<image.png> 
Logs: Two of the answer phone messages. Miss Maxwell is asked, right, when a girl should give a massage 
One message left for Epstein reads: 'She is wondering if 2.30 ok cuz she needs to stay in school.' 
It was left in February 2005 — the same year that the mother of a 14-year-old girl alerted police to Epstein's abuse. 
Another note shows that 'Colleen' phoned to tell Epstein: 'Going into class — will be out in 45 min.' 
Last night the Daily Mail tried to contact the people whose names and telephone numbers are included in the logs. 
One girl named Jenny, who had left her number, hung up immediately when asked about Epstein. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030231 
A man listed only as Darren said: 'I have no comment to make on that.' 
Today, Prince Andrew was embroiled in further controversy as it was revealed Kazakhstan had asked for his help in recruiting 
investors to the country. 
The plea came after the former Soviet Republic's President's son-in-law had bought the Prince's former marital home for 
£3million above the asking price. 
Timur Kulibayev paid £15million for Sunninghill Park but it has remained empty and has been allowed to fall into disrepair. 
Last year the Prince told Hello! magazine: 'It was like any property deal between friends.' 
Yesterday he attempted to perform business as usual as he visited an East London school and met rail bosses in Canary Wharf. 
He steadfastly ignored questions from journalists asking whether he was an 'embarrassment to his country' and would resign 
from his trade ambassador role as he arrived for a briefing from business executives at the headquarters of the £15billion train project 
Crossrail. 
Prince Andrew managed to sell Sunninghill Park for £3million more than the asking price 
Read more: <http://www.dailymail.co.uldnews/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Ep stein- The-damning-telephone-
lo g.html#ixzz1GBL6XKcI> http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Epstein-The-damning-telephone-
log. html#ixzz1GBL6XKcI < <hftp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Epstein-The-damning-telephone-
log. html> http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Ep stein- The-damning-telephone-log.html> 
From: Ross Gow [ 
Sent: 10 March 2011 7:48 AM 
To: Ross gow 
Cc: Ian Maxwell; Kevin Maxwell; Brian Basham; Gareth Thompson; 
Subject: Daily Mail 
Mail have published phone logs 
<http://www.dailymail.co.uldnews/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Epstein- The-damning-telephone-log.html> 
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Epstein-The-damning-telephone-log.html < < 
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Epstein-The-damning-telephone-log.html> 
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1364171/Females-Jeffrey-Epstein-The-damning-telephone-log.html> 
Ross Gow 
Managing Partner 
ACUITY Reputation Limited 
23 Berkeley Square 
London W1J 6HE 
Mobile 
Tel 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030232 
<http://acuityreputation.com> acuityreputation.com 
Sent from my iPad 
On 10 Mar 2011, at 07:35, Ross gow <acuityreputation@gmail.com 
> wrote: 
""Epstein's Gulfstream flew in to RAF Marham with him and the Duke's friend Ghislaine Maxwell on board, before they enjoyed 
the Duke's hospitality at the Queen's Norfolk estate 20 miles away...."" 
Ross Gow 
Managing Partner 
ACUITY Reputation Limited 
23 Berkeley Square 
London W1J 6HE 
Mobile 
Tel 
acuityreputation.com < <haw,/ acuityreputation.com> http://acuityreputation.com> 
Sent from my iPad 
On 9 Mar 2011, at 22:52, Ross Gow 
> wrote: 
Dear Ghislaine 
Thank you for your good-humoured patience with us and the legal team today, during what is, understandably, a testing time. 
To confirm: 
1) I spoke to Dilenschneider in NYC at length tonight and shared strategy and role defmition. 
2) we sent agreed statement to Dan Mangan ay NYPost - he's on deadline for a piece on Charlie Sheen/Rob Lowe and seems to 
have moved on - for the moment. 
3) we will release statement via Press Association and PR Newswire @11.00GMT tmrw and follow up with calls to those 
journalists who have written pieces. 
We will create call log/matrix and advise feedback and sentiment as appropriate tmrw. Please don't hesitate to call if you have 
any additional concerns. 
Best regards 
Ross 
Ross Gow 
Managing Partner 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030233 
ACUITY Reputation Limited 
23 Berkeley Square 
London W1 J 6HE 
Mobile 
Tel• 
acuityreputation.com < <http://acuityreputation.com> http://acuityreputation.com> 
Sent from my iPad 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030234 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029778.txt,"From: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 10/16/2009 11:20:59 AM 
To: Sultan Bin Sulayem 
just as we thought------Russian bank Sberbank has quietly taken over his Capital Group's biggest asset, a 
massive housing, shops and offices project called Gorod Stolits, in Moskva-City on Moscow's outskirts. Under 
a $400 million (£270 million) loan agreement, the bank will ensure construction of the complex goes ahead at 
the end of the year as planned by Doronin, who has been likened to Donald Trump. 
*********************************************************** 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029778 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011868.txt,"/ BARAK / 111

Brigade” — struck wherever they could inflict the most terror, and death: at bus
stations, on buses, in shopping centers, restaurants and cafés. Over a 12-month
period, beginning with a bombing of Tel Aviv’s main bus station at the beginning
of January 2003, they murdered 145 men, women and children. It would not be
until two years’ later, with the West Bank fence in place and a range of other
security measures, that the attacks, and the deaths, were finally brought down
dramatically.

The Labor Party had finally left Arik Sharon’s coalition in late 2002. But in
Israel’s 2003 election — reverting to the old rules again, with a single vote for party
and Prime Minister — Arik and the Likud won resoundingly. They doubled their
Knesset seats, to 38. Labor, now with only 19 seats, against turned to Shimon
Peres, as interim party leader.

I didn’t miss the political limelight. But by mid-2004, with the first sign of a
major change in policy toward the Palestinians, I felt I had a contribution to make.
What first prompted me to dip my toes back into politics were the ever more
obvious signs throughout 2004 that Arik’s coalition, and his hold on the Likud,
were unraveling. Part of his problem was a steady drumbeat of corruption
allegations around what had become a kind of family political operation: Arik and
his two sons, Omri and Gilad. But Arik also seemed to be undergoing a welcome
political conversion, to the need for the more profound political “disengagement”
with the Palestinians which I’d long been advocating. He had endorsed the Bush
Administration’s “road map” for resuming the peace process. Yet with Yasir
Arafat ageing, ailing and even less inclined to consider the difficult decisions he
had shirked at Camp David, Arik went one, dramatic step further. He raised the
idea of unilaterally withdrawing Israeli forces and settlements from Gaza —
ensuring a showdown with the rank and file of the Likud, and other parties on the
right. His main Likud rival, very much back in front-line Israeli politics, was his
Finance Minister: Bibi Netanyahu. Though Bibi remained on board until the last
moment, he dramatically resigned for the cabinet in August 2005, a week before
the Gaza withdrawal, declaring: “I am not prepared to be a partner to a move
which ignores reality, and proceeds blindly toward turning the Gaza Strip into a
base for Islamic terrorism which will threaten the state.”

To this day, Bibi, along with many Israelis across the political spectrum, draws
a direct line between our pullout from Gaza, Hamas’s takeover and its violent
purging of Fatah’s old guard there, and the periodic wars we’ve had to fight since

397
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011868
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019252.txt,"BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians

alternative perspectives are permitted on a carefully
rationed basis. But dissenting opinions are invari-

ably subjected to relentless attack and ridicule, and
the dissidents themselves face a form of character
assassination in which their views are twisted to make
them appear foolish, extreme, unpatriotic, or immoral.

Christopher Walker, a vice president at the National
Endowment for Democracy who has written exten-
sively on modern authoritarianism, believes that con-
trol of information is the most important achievement
of today’s generation of autocrats:

| think modern authoritarians have been
adept at adjusting to the new environment.
They recognize that trying to control the
wealth of information out there is impossi-
ble, and therefore they don't try. There are

a number of countries which have found
effective ways to incorporate entertainment
and culture into their media offerings while
keeping domination over the political sphere.
They have thus defied the assumptions we
held 20 years ago when the internet was
emerging. The conventional wisdom then
was that the internet guaranteed media
diversity, and there is no way regimes could
keep the genie in the bottle. In fact, in many
countries authoritarians have kept the genie
in the bottle through managing the political
narrative and denying people access to key
information.’*

Walker's comments certainly apply to conditions in Rus-
sia. During the communist period, Soviet propaganda
was meant to justify both state socialism and Russia's
isolation from the global economic system and Western
culture. In Russia, China, and elsewhere, it is now pos-
sible for citizens to enjoy the latest international music,
fashion, and entertainment while hating the liberal
values that are systematically disparaged in the media.

What is tragic about all this is that Russians already
came through a decades-long period of propaganda
in which reality was twisted and lies circulated as a
conscious matter of national policy. Orwell and other
foes of totalitarian rule sought to describe the danger
that propaganda and censorship posed to knowl-
edge, reality, and independent thought. But instead of
things getting better after the demise of totalitarian-
ism, a newer and in some ways more insidious form of
information control has emerged, one which does not
so much try to persuade people that the government

line is the only correct line, but that facts do not exist
as such and nothing can be believed.

China: 21st-century censorship

The Chinese model of information control differs in
crucial ways from the propaganda methods favored by
Russia. Especially in its policies towards the internet,
China focuses its energies on preventing access to in-
formation or news on a wide and perpetually evolving
range of subjects that the ruling Chinese Communist
Party (CCP) regards as sensitive.

Under Xi Jinping, who took power in late 2012, the
government has been much more open in arguing for
the right of the political leadership to censor internet
content. He has, in fact, launched a campaign de-
signed to radically redraw the global rules on internet
freedom so as to enshrine the concept of “internet
sovereignty,” according to which individual countries
would “independently choose their own path of cyber
development” and “model of cyber regulation.""

In late 2015, Xi also made the baffling statement,
“Freedom is what order is meant for, and order is

the guarantee of freedom.""!* Over the next several
months, regulators moved to enforce the president's
vision for tighter CCP control over all news media and
imposed rules that further restricted the production
of independent news content by online outlets.!”

Perhaps most important have been the threats to the
livelihood and personal liberty of bloggers and online
commentators. In recent years, the state has pursued
a campaign of arrest, prosecution, and public humil-
iation directed against well-known microbloggers
and other media personalities, including a series of
televised “confessions.” The machinery of repression
was directed against those who had used their plat-
forms to criticize the leadership or its policies, and to
a disturbing extent, the effort has been successful in
silencing such criticism.

Among other recent developments in the CCP’s cen-
sorship drive:

¢ The authorities have punished journalists
for publishing news about the economy that
highlighted negative trends, and issued media
directives aimed at shaping coverage of econo-
my-related topics. The economy was the second
most censored topic in China in 2015, a year
that featured a dramatic stock-market crash and
slowing economic growth.!®

18

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019252
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029276.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 8/8/2016 9:43:10 AM
To: Deepak Chopra
Subject: Re: America's Shadow: The Real Secret of Donald J. Trump - SFGate by Deepak Chopra

Attachments: supergenes[2].png

Importance: — High

iwill forward it. he asked if you would come back again. without the russian. to me it was a woody
allen movie. you talking conciousness , his wife more concerned with the salad dressing, and the russian
deciding the future of syria. . | As you know I find ideas no matter how extreme , the root of possible
insight. so the other day I had viisitn the psychedelic crowd. one of them has opened a store on 1 st and the
bowery called the alchemist kitchen. . How about we meet there , I want to see the store and you ride with
me back uptown. lets say 230? Ihave left my schedule open after.

On Mon, Aug 8, 2016 at 4:57 AM, Deepak Chopra BS wrote:

Since Woody was into the subconscious mind | thought I’d share this
See you at 3PM
http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/chopra/article/America-s-Shadow-The-Real-Secret-of-Donald-J-7965248.ph

Deepak Chopra
2013 Costa Del Mar Road
Carlsbad, CA 92009

The Chopra Foundation

OEEPAK CHOPRA, #.0
RUDOLPH E TANZI, PHO

SURER

GENES

Super Genes: Unlock the Astonishing Power of Your DNA for Optimum Health and Wellbeing

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029276
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032309.txt,"From: Gianni Serazzi 
Sent: 10/9/2016 6:14:21 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Since you are super well connected... 
Importance: High 
Thanks for answering, your opinion on many life aspects means a lot to me 
On Sun, Oct 9, 2016 at 8:08 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
agreed 
On Sun, Oct 9, 2016 at 1:53 AM, Gianni Serazzi rote: 
A small point on the election that maybe you think might have some value for HC 
1-In Europe a LOT of citizens start becoming very angry and voting for populist parties 
2-A major reason is that the interconnected world shows them every minute on their smartphones how rich 
people are living and envy sets in (especially with raising inequality that is perfectly normal when financial 
returns of rich people are exponential and work returns are linear) 
3-They want change and risk electing completely wrong people (Italy 5stelle, France LePen might be next, 
Hungary, Greece already lost, Brexit and anti-trade another example) 
4-US election is over, Trump has destroyed himself as expected (I was in Wharton with Donald Jr, 3.95GPA 
vs. 2.5 GPA but he thought he was a god... what a family) 
the message: 
5-Maybe HC can use the last debates to create weapons for change. She could acknowledge that she 
understands that people want change, and ask for a clear majority in the senate thinking abou that instead of 
presidential elections. Then if she does bad in 4 years she is out, but she could make the public understand 
that senate is key to show what a president can do. 
But again, I know 0.001% of what you or them understands about politics, I am however worried that europe 
is just 5 or 10 years ahead on this trend compared to the US in anti-establishment feelings and I have seen 
with friends how irrational and influenceable masses can become in voting when they are frustrated (Hitler 
was elected after all...) 
Hope to see you soon!!! 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032309 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032310 
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019334.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
7/23/2018 12:03:28 AM 
Re: Fw: 
Importance: High 
Europe can be a wife not a mistress 
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 2:02 AM jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
If you are going to play here , you'll have to spend time, europe by remote doesn't work . Lots and lots of 
face time and hand holding 
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 1:58 AM jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
Hicks? 
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 1:57 AM Steve Bannon 
Abandon Hope, All Ye Who Enter 
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T 
wrote: 
From: ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2018 01:51:58 +0200 
To: 
Subject: Re: Fw: 
9th circle 
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 1:26 AM Steve Bannon 4111=1.1111rote: 
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T 
From: Benjamin Harnwell 
Date: Sun, 22 Jul 2018 22:01:54 +0200 
To: Steve Bannon __________________ 
Subj ect: Re: 
Bannon the European: He's opening the populist fort in Brussels 
The former Trump strategist arrives in Europe with ""The Movement"". Objective: an alliance between 
right-wing leaders, from Salvini to Orban in view of the 2019 elections 
NEW YORK. The invasion of Europe has begun. Steve Bannon, 65, the American far-right guru who 
was Donald Trump's right-hand man in the White House — but let go last summer following the 
racist violence in Charlottesville — is preparing to march on Brussels. Launching, he told the Daily 
Beast himself, a new non-profit foundation called The Movement, (II Movimento), right in the heart 
of Europe and its institutions. Through which he hopes to coordinate the populist right in view of the 
European elections which will be held in spring 2019. 
Objective: to compete with George Soros, the American billionaire of Hungarian origin, benefactor of 
the Democratic party, who since 1984 with his Open Society has spent at least $32 billion in support 
of NGOs dealing with human rights. And for this he became the bogeyman of the populist right, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019334 
accused of plots of all kinds: including that of wanting to replace Italians with immigrants in order to 
have labour at low cost. A mantra repeated in the past on Twitter also by the current Minister of the 
Interior Matteo Salvini. 
The ambition of Steve Bannon, former director of the alt-right American site Breitbart — which in 
the European campaign preceded him since the platform had already opened bureaux in London and 
Rome — is therefore to become the coordinator of the one great ""populist international"" of which he 
has long since been dreaming. 
The Movement, in fact, intends to function as an extreme right-wing think tank: a source of strategic 
advice to channel the not-so-politically structured discontent of the most extreme European 
movements. Analysing data and giving strategic advice. But also by raising funds and channeling 
funding. 
The aim is to create a populist alliance, a sort of ""super group"" that if victorious can conquer up to a 
third of the European Parliament in the elections next May. 
Indeed — putting the common policy of the Old Continent in the hands of Bannon and his own. The 
American strategist is very attached to the Freedom Caucus — the extreme right of the US Congress 
— and in 2014 he was at the top of the Cambridge Analytica company, which in 2016 used data 
stolen from Facebook to try to influence the presidential election from which Donald Trump emerged 
victor. It is not a mystery that for a long time he courts nationalists of the right from East to West. 
And he has already met, among others, the Hungarian Orban, the French Marine Le Pen and the 
former leader of the British separatists Nigel Farage. The latter reappeared, coincidentally, on Friday 
in Pennsylvania, USA, to a fundraiser in favor of the Republican congressman Lou Barletta. Without 
forgetting the Italians of Lega and 5 stars. Of them, he said: ""If it works in Italy, we can import the 
model anywhere"". 
The Movement, which for now will count on a staff of 10 people, will be fully operational in 2019. In 
short, after the American midterm elections, where Bannon is fighting to influence the primaries 
supporting candidates potentially able to undermine the prospects of Republican establishment. But in 
the future the former spin doctor says he wants to spend more and more time in Europe. Also because 
the relationships with Trump have worsened after the revelations he made to Michael Wolff and 
published in the scandal book ""Fire and Fury"". ""Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Paradise,"" 
Bannon says now paraphrasing the Satan of one of his favorite books, John Milton's Lost Paradise. 
Hell in this case would be the dear old Europe and its democratic values. The ""army of darkness"" is 
already among us. 
In Sacratissimo Corde Iesu et Purissimo Corde Mariae et Castissimo Corde Ioseph. 
******* 
Benjamin Harnwell 
Founder and President of the Board of Trustees 
Dignitatis Humanae Institute 
Cell: -_________________________ 
Office: 
Istituto Dignitatis Humanae 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019335 
44 Via delle Fornaci 
Roma 00165  
ITALY  
@ben harnwell 
www.dignitatishumanae.corn 
II giorno 22 lug 2018, alle ore 15:38, Steve Bannon <I> ha scritto: 
What does this say??? 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Maria Luisa < 
IMMIIIMI 
Date: July 22, 2018 at 9:11:58 AM EDT 
To: Steve Bannon < 
<PHOTO-2018-07-22-10-02-17.jpg> 
Sent from my iPhone 
>, Preate Alexandra < 1> 
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confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
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JEE 
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communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019336 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
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please note 
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Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
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please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019337 
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013790.txt,"Stillwell, J. (1985) Poincare’s Papers on Fuchsian Groups. Springer-Verlag, N.Y. pp
1-50

Stockbridge,L.L., French,A.S. (1989) Characterization of a calcium-activated
potassium channel in human fibroblasts Can J Physiol Pharmacol 67:1300-1307
gating. Biophys J 54:871-877

Stoop, R., Parisi, J. (1991) Calculations of Lyapounov exponents avoiding spurious
elements. Physica D50:89-94

Straver,J., Keunen, R.W., Stam, C.J., Tavy, D., de Ruiter, G., Smith, S., Thijs, L.,

Schellens, R., Gielen, G.(1998): The EEG diagnosis of septic encephalopathy.
Neurol. Res. 20:100-106

Strogatz, S.H. (1994) Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos. Addison-Wesley.

Strong, S.P., de Ruyter van Steveninck, R.R., Bialek, W., Koberle, R. (1998) On the
application of information theory to neural spike trains. Pac Symp Biocomput 621-
632

Sugihara, G., May, R.M. (1990) Nonlinear forcasting as a way of distinguishing

chaos from measurement error in time series. Nature 344:734-741.

Sullivan, D. (1979) Rufus Bowen. Publ. Math. |.H.E.S. 50:255

Szeto, H.H., Cheng, P.Y., Decena, J.A., Cheng, Y., Wu, D., Dwyer, G. (1992)
Fractal properties in fetal breathing dynamics. Am. J. Physiol. 263:R141-R147.

Takahashi, N., Hanyu, Y., Musha, T., Kubo, R., Matsumoto, G. (1990): Global
bifurcation structure in periodically stimulated giant axons of squid. Physica
D43:318-334

290

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013790
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019905.txt,"including helping to bail out his friend Donald Trump. More recently, he had helped bail
out his friend’s son-in-law, Jared Kushner.

He watched with amusement Trump’s eccentric presidential campaign and brokered the
deal to have Paul Manafort replace Corey Lewandowski after Lewandowski fell out of
favor with Kushner. Then, as confounded as everyone else by the campaign’s continuing
successes, Barrack introduced the future president in warm and personal terms at the
Republican National Convention in July (at odds with its otherwise dark and belligerent
tone).

It was Trump’s perfect fantasy that his friend Tom—an organizational whiz fully aware
of his friend’s lack of interest in day-to-day management—would sign on to run the White
House. This was Trump’s instant and convenient solution to the unforeseen circumstance
of suddenly being president: to do it with his business mentor, confidant, investor, and
friend, someone whom acquaintances of the two men describe as “being one of the best
Donald handlers.” In the Trump circle this was called the “two amigos” plan. (Epstein,
who remained close to Barrack, had been whitewashed out of the Trump biography.)

Barrack, among the few people whose abilities Trump, a reflexive naysayer, didn’t
question, could, in Trump’s hopeful view, really get things running smoothly and let
Trump be Trump. It was, on Trump’s part, an uncharacteristic piece of self-awareness:
Donald Trump might not know what he didn’t know, but he knew Tom Barrack knew. He
would run the business and Trump would sell the product—making American great again.
#MAGA.

For Barrack, as for everybody around Trump, the election result was a kind of beyond-
belief lottery-winning circumstance—your implausible friend becoming president. But
Barrack, even after countless pleading and cajoling phone calls from Trump, finally had to
disappoint his friend, telling him “I’m just too rich.” He would never be able to untangle
his holdings and interests—including big investments in the Middle East—in a way that
would satisfy ethics watchdogs. Trump was unconcerned or in denial about his own
business conflicts, but Barrack saw nothing but hassle and cost for himself. Also, Barrack,
on his fourth marriage, had no appetite for having his colorful personal life—often, over
the years, conducted with Trump—become a public focus.

OOK Ok

Trump’s fallback was his son-in-law. On the campaign, after months of turmoil and
outlandishness (if not to Trump, to most others, including his family), Kushner had
stepped in and become his effective body man, hovering nearby, speaking only when
spoken to, but then always offering a calming and flattering view. Corey Lewandowski
called Jared the butler. Trump had come to believe that his son-in-law, in part because he
seemed to understand how to stay out of his way, was uniquely sagacious.

In defiance of law and tone, and everybody’s disbelieving looks, the president seemed

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019905
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013948.txt,"Dear

preferred deity of choice
| realized something very _._ today as | was washing my
adjective
and that something is this: You are a/an
animal adverb
cruel
personal expletive pronoun
Last night, after drinking seven shots of _ = ard
least favorite hard liquor
snorting enough __._ to make blush,
drug politician
it became clear: It really is them, and not me.
lam the one who is completely sh en it
helpless state of being
comes to the ____—————spersonal relationships in my life, and yet,
favorite color
| share my innermost ___ with no one else on this _.-_—=S
type of candy adjective

planet... because they areall
insulting adjective extinct animals

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013948
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032919.txt,"the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
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including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032919
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031070.txt,"ok.. I just sent an additional email which moderates this.. everyone was a victim, including Jeffrey here..
and there was no happy resolution.. please add.. ""probably everyone was a victim, with no happy resolution
or consequences of these activities"", after ""was the victim in this case.”.

On Apr 6, 2011, at 10:18 AM, Rebecca Watson wrote:

Okay, thanks for this statement . . . I'll print it in full along with the article, probably today. I very, very
strongly disagree with your position and hope you eventually reconsider, but I do appreciate you taking the
time to respond.

-R

On Wed, Apr 6, 2011 at 1:15 PM, Lawrence Krauss (EEE wrote:

jeffrey apparently paid for massages with sex... I believe him when he told me he had no idea the girls were
underage, and I doubt that people normally are asked for or present a driver's license under such
circumstances... Moreover, I also believe that Jeffrey is an easy target for those who want to take advantage
of him... Moreover, I can say with great honesty that Jeffrey's time in prison led him to seriously examine
his life in very positive ways and I don't believe in blanket condemnations of people. He served time for
something that was determined was inappropriate. I honestly don't know who was the victim in this case. I
fully expect that these masseuses knew what they were doing, and were not swayed to do anything with
Jeffrey that they were not already doing. That is not to approve of the whole behavior, but lots of peoplel
know and like have behavior I don't entirely approve of.. I know it is not politically correct to say that,
because in general this is a very sensitive issue and all other things being equal one should take the side of
the young women. But all things are not equal in this case, from my point of view. It is a judgement call,
and I will not turn my back on a good friend so easily.

On Apr 6, 2011, at 9:57 AM, Rebecca Watson wrote:

Thanks for getting back to me. I was asking because I found the quote shocking . . . the evidence against
Epstein is overwhelming and he's even pled guilty to paying for sex with a minor. It's in no way scientific or
rational to assume that because you never saw him with an underage girl he must actually be innocent. It is
possible for a person to be kind and generous with his friends but still a criminal paying for sex with
underage girls in his private life.

I'm going to write about the topic on Skepchick, and I'll include any additional statement you'd like if you
want to provide more context or if you've changed your mind.

-R

On Wed, Apr 6, 2011 at 12:50 PM, Lawrence Krauss (EEE wrote:
yes it is.. Based on my direct experience with Jeffrey, which is all I can base my assessment on, he is a
thoughtful, kind, considerate man who is generous to his friends, and all of the women I have known who
have been associated with Jeffrey speak glowingly in the same words..

why are you asking?

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031070
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015970.txt,"280 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

David Malament and Mark Hogarth of the University of California,
Irvine have proposed a form of space-time called the Kerr Metric. This
allows a machine to break the Turing limit, but has the drawback that as
it does so it falls through the event horizon and is sucked into the black
hole. We might discover new information but are now trapped inside the
event horizon unable to communicate it — a form of cosmic censorship.

Candidates for a hyper-computer that could fit inside a human
brain include mathematical curiosities which stretch the concept
of infinity. The easiest to understand is the Zeno machine. In a Zeno
machine a computer runs each successive step of a calculation in half the
time of the previous step. The computer can pack an infinite quantity of
computation into each finite time interval and can therefore outperform
a Turing machine. This theory fails at a practical level because we simply
cant build such a machine.

There are numerous weird suggestions for mathematical super-
Turing machines, and many are described on the Internet. They all fit
broadly within the two models above: modifications to space-time or
peculiar mathematical paradoxes. The inspiration for the true solution
to super-Turing thought may lay in there somewhere, but there are some
more plausible proposals to look at next.

Plausible Ideas

I have characterized the next set of ideas as plausible, but they may still
be highly controversial. My only criteria for plausibility are that the
mechanism must outperform a machine limited to counting numbers,
and it might fit inside our skulls. No black holes allowed.

One interesting proposal for a super-Turing machine that could
fit inside our skulls is the Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network, ‘ARNN’
proposed by Hava Siegelmann of the University of Massachusetts,
Amherst. An ARNN is a neural network with real number weights. As
you recall, real numbers are equivalent to the continuum infinity, a larger
infinity than that of counting numbers.

This is the infinity that defeats a Turing machine, and Siegelmann
harnesses it as the basis of her computing machine. She argues that,
although the machine cannot be programmed as it is impossible to write
real numbers down, once it is running, the weights diverge and real
numbers will be used within the network. These real numbers allow the
machine to compute using numbers that are not, themselves, computable

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015970
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026908.txt,"Singapore: This document has not been delivered for registration to the relevant regulators or financial supervisory
bodies in Hong Kong or Singapore, nor has its content been reviewed or approved by any financial supervisory body or
regulatory authority. The information contained in this document is provided at your request and for your information only.
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purposes of issue, this document, or any advertisement, invitation or document relating to it, whether in Hong Kong,
Singapore or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed by, the public in Hong
Kong or Singapore and (iii) the placement of securities or interests to the public in Hong Kong and Singapore is
prohibited. Before investing in securities or interests of any kind, you should consider whether the products are suitable for
you.

United Arab Emirates: The information contained in this document does not constitute, and is not intended to constitute,
a public offer of securities in the United Arab Emirates in accordance with the Commercial Companies Law (Federal Law
No. 8 of 1984, as amended) or otherwise under the laws of the United Arab Emirates. This document has not been
approved by, or filed with the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or the Securities and Commodities Authority. If
you do not understand the contents of this document, you should consult with a financial advisor. This document is
provided to the recipient only and should not be provided to or relied on by any other person.

United Kingdom: This material has been approved for issue in the United Kingdom solely for the purposes of Section 21
of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 by GSI, Peterborough Court, 133 Fleet Street, London EC4A 2BB.
Authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential
Regulation Authority.

© 2018 Goldman Sachs. All rights reserved.

Your Personal Data: We may collect and process information about
you that may be subject to data protection laws. To the extent you
are located in the European Union (EUV) or you are interacting with,
and your data may therefore be controlled by, a Goldman Sachs
entity in the EU, you can access more information about how we
use and disclose your personal data, how we protect your
information, our legal basis to use your information, your rights and

who you can contact here: http://www.gs.com/privacy-notices

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026908
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031716.txt,"htto://fortune.com/2016/10/22/middle-east-isis-syria/

FORTUNE INSIDERS INTERNATIONAL

What the Middle East Needs
Now from America

Commentary by: Thomas J. Barrack Jr.

OCTOBER 22, 2016, 9:00 AM EDT

DAMASCUS, SYRIA. MARCH 13, 2016. People in a Damascus neighborhood, an area liberated when a
ceasefire agreement between the Syrian Army and the rebels controlling the district came into effect on
February 27, 2016. Valery Sharifulin/TASS (Photo by Valery SharifulinTASS via Getty Images) Valery
Sharifulin — TASS/Getty Images

For decades, the U.S. has pursued misguided policies.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031716
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025848.txt,"The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication 1s
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and 1s intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025848
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016919.txt,"something much more significant than speculating at the time: He was laying the
foundations for the digital revolution. As a graduate student at MIT, he worked for
Vannevar Bush on the Differential Analyzer. This was one of the last great analog
computers, a room full of gears and shafts. Shannon’s frustration with the difficulty of
solving problems this way led him in 1937 to write what might be the best master’s thesis
ever. In it, he showed how electrical circuits could be designed to evaluate arbitrary
logical expressions, introducing the basis for universal digital logic.

After MIT, Shannon studied communications at Bell Labs. Analog telephone
calls degraded with distance; the farther they traveled, the worse they sounded. Rather
than continue to improve them incrementally, Shannon showed in 1948 that by
communicating with symbols rather than continuous quantities, the behavior is very
different. Converting speech waveforms to the binary values of 1 and 0 is an example,
but many other sets of symbols can be (and are) used in digital communications. What
matters is not the particular symbols but rather the ability to detect and correct errors.
Shannon found that if the noise is above a threshold (which depends on the system
design), then there are certain to be errors. But if the noise is below a threshold, then a
linear increase in the physical resources representing the symbol results in an exponential
decrease in the likelihood of making an error in correctly receiving the symbol. This
relationship was the first of what we’d now call a threshold theorem.

Such scaling falls off so quickly that the probability of an error can be so small as
to effectively never happen. Each symbol sent multiplies rather than adds to the
certainty, so that the probability of a mistake can go from 0.1 to 0.01 to 0.001, and so
forth. This exponential decrease in communication errors made possible an exponential
increase in the capacity of communication networks. And that eventually solved the
problem of where the knowledge in an AI system came from.

For many years, the fastest way to speed up a computation was to do nothing—
just wait for computers to get faster. In the same way, there were years of AI projects
that aimed to accumulate everyday knowledge by laboriously entering pieces of
information. That didn’t scale; it could progress only as fast as the number of people
doing the entering. But when phone calls, newspaper stories, and mail messages all
moved onto the Internet, everyone doing any of those things became a data generator.
The result was an exponential rather than a linear rate of knowledge accumulation.

John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for
game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing
computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing
(like the Differential Analyzer) degraded with time, accumulating errors as it progressed.
Von Neumann presented in 1952 a result corresponding to Shannon’s for computation
(they had met at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton), showing that it was
possible to compute reliably with an unreliable computing device by using symbols rather
than continuous quantities. This was, again, a scaling argument, with a linear increase in
the physical resources representing the symbol resulting in an exponential reduction in
the error rate as long as the noise was below a threshold. That’s what makes it possible
to have a billion transistors in a computer chip, with the last one as useful as the first one.
This relationship led to an exponential increase in computing performance, which solved
a second problem in AI: how to process exponentially increasing amounts of data.

The third problem that scaling solved for AI was coming up with the rules for

116

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016919
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012150.txt,"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP

There is insufficient evidence that Mr. Epstein targeted minors, as required. The
evidentiary pattern does not even establish willful blindness since Mr. Epstein took steps to
ensure his visitors were over 18—and certainly took none to avoid knowing. But, even if the
government contends that it possesses evidence that could demonstrate that Mr. Epstein knew or
should have known or suspected that a small number of the masseuses were underage, that would
still not make this an appropriate case for federal, rather than state prosecution. The federal
statutes were not intended to supersede state prosecutions involving isolated instances of
underage sex. Instead, the federal statutes were intended for large-scale rings or for an
individual who was engaged, while using interstate facilities such as the Internet, with the willful
targeting of minors.

The government’s evidence, even when stretched to the limit, will not show a pattern of
targeting underage persons for illegal sexual activity. A federal prosecution should not become a
contest between the prosecution and defense over whether the defendant knew, suspected or
should have known whether a particular person was or was not over age. The history of cases
brought under this statute make crystal clear that knowledge of the defendant regarding the age
of the women is required—either by admission or by incontrovertible transcripts of
conversations (i.e. stings operations which require repeated acknowledgment of the defendant’s
awareness of the victims’ age). Even states with absolute liability about mistake regarding age
rarely prosecute cases where definitive proof is lacking (Palm Beach County rarely does and
when it does, it imposes house arrest sentences). This is a matter for the exercise of state
prosecutorial discretion and not federal mandatory minimum statutes that were not intended to
cover such conduct.

A third essential element of § 2422(b) is the requirement that the government prove that
the defendant actually believed that the person being persuaded (coerced, etc.) was a minor at the
time of the communication. See e.g., Offense Instruction 80, Eleventh Circuit Pattern Jury
Instructions-Criminal (2003) (“The defendant can be found guilty of that offense only if...the
defendant believed that such individual was less than (18) years of age...”); United States v.
Murrell, 368 F.3d 1283, 1286 (11™ Cir. 2004) (§ 2422(b) requires that the defendant knowingly
target a minor). Importantly, then, all the elements must be proven with respect to a specific
person. However, we are told that the majority of proof is no more than toll records, not
recorded conversations or Internet chat transcripts, but toll records and perhaps a memory of.
what was said years ago on a particular call for a particular request from a particular person
acting at Mr. Epstein’s direction.

Two final points bear special emphasis here. The statute, which according to Santos and
Cuellar must be narrowly construed, also requires that the inducement be to engage in
prostitution or sexual activity “for which [the defendant] can be charged.” 18 U.S.C. § 2422(b).
However, simple prostitution is not defined (or made punishable) in the U.S. Code, and state law
thus supplies the appropriate reference point. Under Florida law, “prostitution” entails the
“giving or receiving of the body for sexual activity for hire,” Fla. Stat. § 796.07(1)(a), and the
term “sexual activity” is limited to “oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012150
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022804.txt,"return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note

The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of CLL
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to I and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022804
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020482.txt,"23

affiliates.""* These and other organizations maintain close ties to China’s diplomatic
missions in the United States and are often in contact with training or “cultural
exchange” companies that bring delegations of PRC experts and Communist Party

members to US cities and states for so-called study tours.

US and Chinese groups promoting exchanges and investment have often been a
valuable resource for American local leaders—see, for example, the Virginia Museum of
Fine Arts annual China Fest'* or the Chinese investment program in Greenville, South
Carolina'*—but there have been other instances in which American politicians working

with Chinese organizations have been drawn into schemes that cost them their jobs.

Perhaps the most telling case is that of four officials in Ypsilanti, Michigan, who, in
2017, accepted a trip to China that they had been told was paid for by the Wayne State
CSSA. The trip was eventually revealed as a boondoggle funded by a developer, Amy
Xue Foster, who hoped to build a $300 million “Chinatown” in the area.’ The four

officials, including the mayor, were fired.

This is not to suggest that shady Chinese nationals are always plotting to corrupt
otherwise innocent American leaders; US politicians have a long history of willingly
accepting free trips, gifts, and other favors from the PRC or its fronts. As other
sections of this study make clear, however, Beijing-directed activities such as the secret
purchase of American Chinese-language newspapers and radio stations, harassment of
local Chinese American dissidents, and the operation of CCP cells in local American
businesses and universities do require heightened vigilance by US sub-national
authorities, regardless of how much investment, how many tuition-paying students,

or how many tourists China is able to produce.

China Exchanges and Chinese Leverage

The over forty years of engagement with China has created for American cities

and states, as it has for American corporations and universities, deep interests and
traditions with regard to China. However, the local policies that have guided these
relationships are sometimes at odds with Washington’s policies, even our larger
national interest. Although the United States has pulled out of the Paris Agreement, the
seventeen governors who have joined the United States Climate Alliance, for example,
continue to work with Beijing, which many would agree is a very salutary thing. But
sometimes sub-national solidarity with China can become overexuberant, as it did

ona July 2018 trip to Hong Kong by Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, who declared

Section 2

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020482
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025690.txt,"Investment
Management

Economics Monitor Division

JOLTS Job Openings (k) Sep 6,093 6,075 6,082 6,090 Markit Eurozone Composite PMI poo
Initial Jobless Claims (k) 4-Nov 239 232 229 oe Markit/BME Germany Composite PMI Oct F 56.6 56.9 56.9 --
Continuing Claims (k) 28-Oct 1,901 1,885 1,884 -- Markit France Composite PMI Oct F 57.4 575 575 --
Markit/ADACI Italy Composite PMI Oct 539 54.3 54.3 --
U. of Mich. Sentiment NovP 8 100.8 100.7
Eurozone Retail Sales YoY 3.7% 28% 1.2% 23%
Foreign Reserves 3,109 3,110 3,109 Germany Industrial Prod. WDA YoY Sep 3.6% 45% 47% 46%
Exports YoY Oct 6.9% 7.1% 8.1% 8.0% France Industrial Production YoY Sep 3:2% 3.1% 1.1% 1.0%
Imports YoY Oct 172% 170% 187% 186% Italy Industrial Production WDA YoY Sep 24% 48% 5.7% 5.8%
CPI YoY Oct 1.9% 1.8% 1.6% o Spain Industrial Output SA YoY Sep 3.4% 3.1% 1.8% 1.9%

= The US labor market continues to tighten; the small miss in claims is largely explained by Puerto Rico.
= Chinese trade growth moderated; deals announced during President Trump’s visit are unlikely to reduce trade deficit.

= Eurozone data came in mixed relative to consensus expectations, but still points to above-trend growth in the region.

27

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025690

Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg.
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021944.txt,"Oo O DN OO FF WwW NY =|

NO RO PO PNP NM NO | S| S| HS SF S| S| S| S| S|
non BP WO NO -|- ODO OO WDN OO OT BP WO NYO —

121

Mr. Dershowitz was apparently, based on the transcripts
I was seeing, to take the Fifth even with regard to any
knowledge of Mr. Dershowitz.

So in those circumstances I did think it was
highly fair to draw an inference from Mr. Epstein,
particularly where, you know, like some of the sexual
abuse involved Virginia, Epstein, and Dershowitz was the
allegations, you know, the trafficking and so forth.

So you know, if Virginia is making an
allegation, Mr. Epstein is invoking the Fifth and
Mr. Dershowitz is, you know, declining to answer
questions, it seemed to me in those circumstances an
adverse inference would be fair.

Q. Isn't it routine practice for a witness who
is the target or faces -- I'm going to start over.

Isn't it routine practice for a witness who
faces potential criminal liability to take the Fifth as
to all substantive questions?

A. That's not -- no. I would say absolutely
not. And again, I'm drawing -- I was a federal
prosecutor for four years. I was a federal district
court judge for about five-and-a-half years. I would
say, that is not the practice and, indeed, that would be
inconsistent with Fifth Amendment case law as I

understand it.

ROUGH DRAFT ONLY

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021944

"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026399.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 7/23/2016 10:20:08 PM
To: Joscha Bach [as
Subject: Re: Mechanisms for learning

Importance: — High

the average is the only thing that matters

On Sat, Jul 23, 2016 at 6:02 PM, Joscha Bach i: wrote:

Am 23.07.2016 um 04:41 schrieb jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com>:

Cells seem to be mostly indistinguishable (except for XX), I thought?
Size is different on average, but males with small brains are still male.

Variation of all traits is higher for males, so there are more high IQ men (wider bell-curve). Given average
brain size difference, the small difference in average IQ is surprising, I think

gender differenece. unlikely motivational. every cell is different. size is didfferent. .

the more radical idea is that brains are the nucleus of the human"" cell: the body the membrane, . the
organizm the colletcions and interactions of brains. wisdom of crowds . mirroring. etc. . money used
as signals. as is spoken language.. what does social behavior mean , it is the cooridiation of indiv

brains. =

I think that mathematics based thinking does not allow for censorship. money people concepts if they are
all math , then political correctness and their structures are only subsets of a larger group of thoughts. its
not emotinal for me.

most people have censorship built in at a deep level, social reasoning gets to different results than equivalent
abstract reasoning

On Sat, Jul 23, 2016 at 3:02 AM, Joscha Bach rr eC wrote:

Some thoughts I meant to send back for a long time:

no worry,  ifiunderstand correctly you are suggsting there are layers 1 through N . lets cal them L 1 -
Ln. there aretimesT 1-Tn/ and then conjecture that changing the time . correlations ( by genetic swtch
or other method. , you might be able to make blacks smarter by changing the time for motor layer
development and changing the time for other layers. .). like telemeres for the cell , are their equivalents for
the layers. . as you talked about culling the unused neurons in each layer, each neuron in each layer would
get dfferent ( kill yourself if you are not being used instructions ).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026399
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030041.txt,"Article 3.

The Financial Times

Libya, a last hurrah for the west

Gideon Rachman

March 28 2011 -- The war in Libya is about a lot more than
Muammer Gaddafi. Its outcome will reverberate around the Middle
East and will affect international politics for decades. A vital
principle is at stake.

The supporters of outside intervention believe that they are battling
not just to stop atrocities in Libya itself, but to lay down a marker for
the future. They want to show that the age when a dictator could
massacre his own citizens is coming to a close. Bernard Henri-Lévy,
a French philosopher who played an improbable role as a link
between the Libyan rebels and President Nicolas Sarkozy, has said:
“What is important in this affair is that the ‘duty to intervene’ has
been recognised.”

Nicholas Kristof, writing in The New York Times, makes a similar
point — “World powers have the right and obligation to intervene
when a dictator devours his people.” This idea was approved by the
UN in 2005 and, according to Mr Kristof, the Libyan intervention is
“putting teeth into that fledgling concept.”

It would be nice to believe that the doctrine of a “responsibility to
protect”, known colloquially as R2P, now has real bite. With rebel
troops advancing swiftly along the Libyan coast, the supporters of the
intervention will be feeling cheerful.

But the reality is that the Libyan war is more likely to mark a last
hurrah for liberal interventionism than a new dawn. For the brutal
truth is that the western powers that are the keenest promoters of the
idea will not have the economic strength or the public backing to
sustain many more overseas interventions. And the rising economic

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030041
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011459.txt,"10

id.

12

13

14

L5

16

ne)

18

life)

20

21

22

23

24

25

156
H3VOGIU3

MS. McCAWLEY: We just did that about the financial

records, and you gave us some direction on that, so that one's

been -—-

THE COURT: Oh, okay. So that's done. Okay. So

that's the 5th.

MS. McCAWLEY: Yes. So then there's April 12th, which

I believe is the following Wednesday, and then I think the one

after that is the 19th.

THE COURT: Well, are we going to do a hearing -- I

take it we're going to do a hearing on the reconsideration of

the —-—

MS. McCAWLEY: That's what I'm talking about, your

Honor. I'm sorry. Yes. So that's the evidentiary issue of --

you said they could present a forensic, based on your order of

reconsideration of the November 2nd. So that's the date I'm

looking for. I'm sorry, I should have been clearer about that.

THE COURT: When are we going to do that?

MS. McCAWLEY: Maybe the 12th or the 19th possibly?

lial

|e

COURT: How about the 10th.

MS. McCAWLEY: Okay.

THI

Gl

COURT: Does that work for you all?
MR. PAGLIUCA: I can't do the 10th, your Honor, I'm in

a deposition all day in Colorado. I'm sorry.

THE COURT: How could you possibly take another case?

MR. PAGLIUCA: Well, believe me, I have a lot of

SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011459
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022295.txt,"54024

Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 168/Tuesday, August 30, 2011/Rules and Regulations

individual provisions in this section of
the notice received numerous comments
and suggestions for improvement. The
vast majority of the comments about the
specific provisions are from
representatives of employers. Those
comments generally contend that the
provisions are overgeneralizations and
do not articulate the legal standard for
evaluating allegations of unlawful
conduct or indicate factual scenarios in
which certain employer conduct may be
lawful.

After reviewing all of the comments,
the Board has decided to revise one of
the examples of unlawful employer
conduct contained in the NPRM. The
Board concludes that the other
provisions, as proposed, are accurate
and informative and, as with the notice
as a whole, strike an appropriate
balance between being simultaneously
instructive and succinct.

Furthermore, the Board sees no reason
to add or subtract from the employer or
union illegal activity to make the two
sections contain an equal number of
paragraphs. The comment that argues
that no imbalance exists in the statute
is correct, but the majority of violations
under Section 8(b) concern union
conduct vis-a-vis employers, not
conduct that impairs employees’ rights.
The notice of rights is intended to
summarize employer and union
violations against employees;
accordingly, there is no need to alter the
list to include unlawful union activity
against employers.

i. No-Solicitation and No-Distribution
Rules

The Board received a few comments
that were critical of the proposed notice
language stating that an employer
cannot lawfully prohibit employees
from “soliciting for the union during
non-work time or distributing union
literature during non-work time, in non-
work areas.”’ The Service Employees
International Union comments that
“solicitation” has a narrow meaning and
involves asking someone to join the
union by signing an authorization card,
which is subject to the restrictions
suggested in the notice. The comment
submits that the notice should state that
an employer cannot prohibit employees
from “talking” about a union. The
comment suggests that ‘“‘talking” is both
more accurate and is easier for
employees to understand than
“soliciting.”

The remaining comments criticize the
provision for failing to note any
limitations on employees’ rights to
solicit and distribute, such as the
limited rights of off-duty employees,
and limitations in retail and health care

establishments. One comment, in
particular, suggests the notice should
advise healthcare employees that they
do not enjoy a protected right to solicit
in immediate patient care areas or
where their activity might disturb
patients. See Beth Israel Hosp. v. NLRB,
437 U.S. 483 (1978). The comment
proposes to include a qualification that
a hospital or other health care employer
may prohibit all solicitation in
immediate patient care areas or outside
those areas when necessary to avoid
disrupting health care operations or
disturbing patients. Another comment
suggests that the law in this area is so
complex that no meaningful but
succinct provision can be constructed,
and therefore recommends deleting it
entirely.

The Board disagrees with those
comments. The Board appreciates that
under case law, employees’ right to
engage in solicitation and distribution of
literature is qualified in certain settings
and accordingly that employers may, in
some situations, legally prohibit
solicitation or distribution of literature
even during employees’ nonworking
time. Given the variety of circumstances
in which the right to solicit and
distribute may be limited, however, the
Board has determined that limitations
on the size and format of the notice
preclude the inclusion of factual
situations in which an employer may
lawfully limit such activity. As stated
above, employees may contact the NLRB
with specific questions about the
lawfulness of their employers’ rules
governing solicitation and literature
distribution.

Turning to the suggestion that the
notice should be modified to remove the
reference to union solicitation in favor
of a reference only to the right to engage
in union talk, the Board agrees in part.
The Board distinguishes between
soliciting for a union, which generally
means encouraging a co-worker to
participate in supporting a union, and
union talk, which generally refers to
discussions about the advantages and
disadvantages of unionization. Scripps
Memorial Hosp., 347 NLRB 52 (2006).
The right to talk about terms and
conditions of employment, which
would necessarily include union talk, is
encompassed more specifically by the
“discussion’’ provision in the
affirmative rights section of the notice.
That provision indicates that employees
have the right to “‘discuss your terms
and conditions of employment or union
organizing with your co-workers or a
union.” In order to maintain
consistency and clarity throughout the
notice, the Board agrees that some
change is necessary to the solicitation

provision. Accordingly, the final notice
will state that it is illegal for an
employer to ‘‘prohibit you from talking
about or soliciting for a union during
non-work time, such as before or after
work or during break times; or from
distributing union literature during non-
work time, in non-work areas, such as
parking lots or break rooms.”

ii. Questioning Employees About Union
Activity

The Board received one comment
concerning this provision, suggesting
that it was confusing. The Board
believes the existing language is
sufficiently clear.

iii. Taking Adverse Action Against
Employees for Engaging in Union-
Related Activity

The Board did not receive any
specific comments regarding this
provision.

iv. Threats To Close

A few comments from employer
groups criticize the perceived
overgeneralization of this provision.
Those comments note that, as with
unlawful interrogation, a threat to close
is evaluated under a totality of
circumstances, and that an employer is
permitted to state the effects of
unionization on the company so long as
the statement is based on demonstrably
probable consequences of unionization.

The Board agrees that the law in this
general area is complex and that
predictions of plant closure based on
demonstrably probable consequences of
unionization may be lawful. NLRB v.
Gissel Packing Co., 395 U.S. 575, 618
(1969). However, the example in the
proposed notice is not such a
prediction; rather, the notice states that
it is unlawful for an employer to
“threaten to close your workplace if
workers choose a union to represent
them.” Such a statement, which clearly
indicates that the employer will close
the plant in retaliation against the
employees for choosing union
representation, is unlawful. Jd. at 618-
619. Thus, the Board finds it
unnecessary to modify or delete this
provision of the notice.

v. Promising Benefits

The Board received one comment
addressing this provision. The comment
argues that the provision is “troubling”
because it may be interpreted by a
reader to mean “anytime their employer
seeks to make such improvements it
discourages union support because
improved wages and benefits may
reduce employee’s interest in a union.”
The Board does not think such an

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022295
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010747.txt,"Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 306 Entered on FLSD Docket 02/02/2015 Page 13 of 19

Q. And did you have any knowledge of why [Dershowitz] was visiting there?
A. No ma’am.

Q. And do you have any idea whether or not Mr. Dershowitz was also receiving
massages?

A. I don’t know, Ma’am.

Q. As to whether any of those women were ever associated with Mr. Dershowitz would it
be a correct statement that you have absolutely no knowledge?

A. I don’t know, sir.

Q. Okay. Were you in any way attempting in your response to Ms. Ezell to imply that
Mr. Dershowitz had a massage by one of these young ladies?

A. I don’t know, sir.

Q. You have no knowledge?
A. No, sir.

(Rodriguez Depo. Tr. at 279, 280, 385, 386.) To be sure, Rodriguez does testify that Prof.
Dershowtiz was at Epstein’s home when young females were present at the home — an allegation
which Dershowitz strenuously denies. However, Rodriguez did not testify that Prof. Dershowitz
saw, interacted with, or touched any of these females. Instead, when asked what Prof.
Dershowitz did “while those girls were at the house,” Rodriguez answered “He will read a book
with a glass of wine by the pool, stay inside.” (Id. at 426, 427.) When asked if Prof. Dershowitz
ever even spoke to any of the girls, or “even knew that they were there” Rodriguez answered “I
don’t know.” (Id. at 427.) This is consistent with the fact that Epstein’s home is very large and
has separate closed-off quarters where Epstein resided. Prof. Dershowitz never stepped into
these private quarters.

Jane Doe #3 also relies upon the September 8, 2009 deposition testimony of Mr. Juan
Alessi to “corroborate” Jane Doe #3’s sensational and false allegations regarding Prof.
Dershowitz. However, a more complete examination of that testimony reveals that Alessi did
not make any allegations of any wrong doing by Dershowitz. (See, DE 291-17, hereinafter

13

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010747
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029510.txt,"know what that means."" I said, as I look across the religions of the world, the common
features I see are: Number one: transcendence—as a religious experience, not the dogma,
not the ideology, not the institution—but transcendence, going beyond subject-object split.
Number two: the emergence of platonic values as a result of that experience, like the desire
to know the truth, goodness, beauty, harmony, love, compassion, joy, equanimity, gratitude
and humility, wonder, curiosity. It’s very human but it gets overshadowed by everyday
experience. And number three: a loss of the fear of death, because that happens to
experience, not to the consciousness in which that experience occurs. I think they didn’t
understand that, honestly, so they rephrased it as ""Do we need God?"" So I said, ""Listen,
before I even go there, can we have a conversation?"" So they were very gracious. We all got
together with the board or whatever and we had a conversation. I said, ""Honestly, God is a
very loaded term and if by God we mean some imagined deity or some dead white male in
the sky then it’s not something that we can even address because we don’t have that
conception of God as an imagined deity.""

Matt: You mean that’s not something you personally can address?

Deepak: Yeah I can’t address it, nor can my partner. They said, ""Well if you make that clear
up front, then it’s fine, but we still want to maintain God in the title."" So I was keen to have
this conversation because Michael and I have been going back and forth for 30 years now,
and I thought, Michael’s come to a very good place with me personally. So we agreed to the
title. But if you go to the Eastern wisdom traditions—Buddhism, Vedanta, Shaoism, all the
Eastern traditions—then God is pure consciousness, period. So the debate, you’re right, they
were talking about the mythical God and we were talking about that which is inconceivable
as consciousness but makes every concept possible.

So I can give you a background on that because monotheistic religions are at war all the time
amongst each other, and all of the problems in the world right now are a consequence of
that. But nobody talks about ""What is a religious or spiritual experience?"" Hundreds of
millions of people across the world don’t have that idea at all that the monotheistic religions
propose. In fact, if you go deep into the teachings of Buddhism, etc., the word God is not
mentioned. Only consciousness is mentioned. Vedanta, only consciousness is mentioned.
And it’s a very different take on consciousness. So, if you’ll allow me for a moment to
explain that. So when I was a kid, I grew up tn India with a father who was agnostic or
atheist, who was trained in England as a cardiologist. He went on to become a very famous
person. He discovered high altitude mountain sickness. When the Indian and Chinese army
were fighting in Tibet he was putting catheters in people’s hearts and measuring their
cardiac pressures. He described high altitude pulmonary edema and hypertension. My
mother was what you might call a Hindu. But even when she told us stories as kids and she
talked about all these mythical gods and goddesses, she emphasized the fact that these are
mythical, imaginary, symbolic expressions of deep aspirations in human consciousness to
understand reality. Now she was also, by the way, she wasn’t a very educated woman like

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029510
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030055.txt,"26

But that is the weakest line of attack. Edward Gibbon once described
history as being little better than a record of the “crimes, follies and
misfortunes of mankind.” Imperialism certainly added its quota to
these. But the question is whether it also provided, through Hegel’s
“cunning of reason,” the means to escape from them. Even Marx
justified British rule in India on these grounds. Ferguson, too, can
make a sound argument for such a proposition.

The most serious weakness in Ferguson’s presentation is his lack of
sympathy for the civilizations dismissed as “the rest,” which also
points to the most serious limitation of the revisionist case. The
“triumph of the West” that followed the collapse of communism in
Europe was clearly not the “end of history.” As Ferguson must know,
the main topic of discussion in international affairs nowadays
concerns the “rise” of China, and more generally Asia, as well as the
stirring of Islam.

Of course, the Chinese may prefer to talk about “restoration” rather
than “rise,” and point to a “harmonious” pluralism of the future. But
“rise” is how most people think of China’s recent history, and in
history the rise of some is usually associated with the decline of
others. In other words, we may be reverting to that cyclical pattern
that historians assumed to be axiomatic before the seemingly
irreversible rise of the West implanted in them a view of linear
progress toward greater reason and freedom.

Europe is plainly in decline, politically and culturally, though most
Europeans, blinded by their high living standards and the pretensions
of their impotent statesmen, are happy to dress this up as progress.
Chinese savings are underwriting much of the American civilizing
mission that Ferguson applauds. The pattern seems clear: the West is
losing dynamism, and the rest are gaining it.

The remainder of this century will show how this shift plays out. For
the moment, most of us have lost the historical plot. It is possible, for

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030055
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019446.txt,"Date: Friday, June 22 2012 11:08 PM 
Subject: From Christina: Fwd: Project in Haiti: CEFOTAJ, SA 
From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeffreyepsteinorg©gmail.com > 
To: 
CC: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation©gmail.com>; Cecile de Jongh 
Attachments: DSC_0418.JPG; DSC_0419.JPG; DSC_0424.JPG; Cefotaj Business Plan Final 5-18-11(1).docx 
<› 
Dear Unik, 
It was a pleasure to speak with you today. I have removed the press release from our website and it will be 
removed from PR newswire. My sincere apologies for any inconvenience. 
As mentioned, I am forwarding you this project in Haiti which looks very inspiring. I am cc'ing Jeffrey and 
Cecile on this too. 
My best regards and I will keep you posted on the press release removal from PR Newswire. 
Sincerely, 
Christina 
Media/PR 
----------Forwarded message 
From: Marlene Edme 
Date: Fri, Jun 22, 2012 at 12:59 PM 
Subject: Project in Haiti: CEFOTAJ, SA 
To:  Jeffrey Epstein <jeffreyepsteinorg@gmail.com  > 
Cc: 
Dear Mr. Epstein: 
Please allow me to introduce myself My name is Marlene Edme; I am the founder and President. .For above-
mentioned organization and Yair Fatal is the Project Director. The organization was founded in 2007 with the 
mission of providing free technical skills in the garment industry to the people in the Southeastern department 
of Haiti. Following the earthquake, the living and economic conditions are deplorable. More than ever, 
CEFOTAJ wants to double its effort to help the community of Jacmel out of desperation by providing the youth 
with valuable sustainable skills. With a trade under their belt, the youth will be more confident while seeking 
employment. 
We have obtained our 501 - C (3) in 2008 and have recently received the approval of the Haiti's Department of 
Planning to be a non-governmental organization (NGO). The organization's building that will house the 
school is currently under construction. 
Based on our research, we found that you are very committed to helping Haiti. The purpose of this 
correspondence is to solicit The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation assistance with grant coordination and 
facilitation to help our organization get off the ground. With potential help from the international community, 
we believe that the project would be rewarding for the citizens of the city of Jacmel and in line with the 
requirements of the Haiti Reconstruction Plan and President Obama recent legislation of the ""Hope"" law.. 
Please find enclosed a copy of the project which provides detailed information about the curriculum for the 
different programs that the school will offer. We trust that you will find this to be an interesting project with 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019446 
great potential. 
If you require additional information, please feel free to contact us at 
. We look forward to hearing from you. 
Sincerely, 
Marlene Edme 
President 
or 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019447 
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022281.txt,"54010

Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 168/Tuesday, August 30, 2011/Rules and Regulations

Statutory Authority, below, the Board
believes that it has been Congressionally
authorized to make this regulatory
decision in the interests of carrying out
the provisions of the Act.

Many comments argue that the Board
should heed the use of the word
“necessary” in Section 6. For instance,
the Portland Cement Association
comments that Section 6 requires the
Board to demonstrate that: (1) The
specific rule being proposed is, in fact,
necessary, and (2) the adoption of the
proposed rule will carry out one or more
specific provisions of the Act.?9 The
Board believes, for the reasons
expressed in subsection C, Factual
Support, below, that the requisite
showing of necessity has been made.
And, as explained below, the adoption
of the proposed rule is consistent with
Section 1 and will help effectuate
Sections 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the NLRA.

The Board, however, disagrees with
the Motor & Equipment Manufacturers
Association’s assertion based upon the
case of West Virginia State Board of
Education v. Barnette *° that the Board
needs to show “‘a grave and immediate
danger’’ before enacting a rule. First,
that case held that that very rigorous
standard of review is required only
where a First Amendment freedom is
alleged to have been infringed. The
Court further noted that where the First
Amendment is not implicated, the
government may regulate an area so
long as it has a “‘rational basis” for
doing so. As explained in subsection B,
Statutory Authority, below, this rule
infringes upon no First Amendment
interests, and consequently, the rule
should be judged on a standard similar
to the “rational basis” test laid out in
Barnette. It was in fact just such a
deferential standard which the Supreme
Court used to examine the Board’s
health care rule in AHA. There, the
Court found that even if it read Section
9 to find any ambiguity, it still would
have deferred to the Board’s “reasonable
interpretation of the statutory text,” and
found the Board authorized under
Sections 6 and 9 to enact the health care
bargaining unit rule at issue.41 No
“orave and immediate danger’ was
found to be required prior to the Board
enacting that rule. This ruling was also
consistent with the Supreme Court’s
earlier holdings in Thorpe and
Mourning, in which regulations
promulgated under broadly phrased
grants of authority needed to be only

39 See also comment of Americans for Limited
Government, citing to AFL-CIO v. Chao, 409 F.3d
377, 391 (D.C. Cir. 2005) for the same principle.

40319 U.S. 624, 639 (1943).

41499 U.S. at 614.

“reasonably related to the purposes of
the enabling legislation.” 42 For the
reasons shown below, that standard is
more than met in the present rule.

B. The Board’s Statutory Authority To
Issue This Rule

The National Labor Relations Act
does not directly address an employer’s
obligation to post a notice of its
employees’ rights arising under the Act
or the consequences an employer may
face for failing to do so. However, as
stated, NLRA Section 6 empowers the
Board to promulgate legislative rules “‘as
may be necessary to carry out the
provisions” of the Act. 29 U.S.C. 156. A
determination of necessity under
Section 6 made by the Board, as
administrator of the NLRA, is entitled to
deference. See Ragsdale v. Wolverine
World Wide, Inc., 535 U.S. 81, 86 (2002).

Furthermore, even in the absence of
express rulemaking authority, “the
power of an administrative agency to
administer a congressionally created
* * * program necessarily requires the
formulation of policy and the making of
rules to fill any gap left, implicitly or
explicitly, by Congress.”’ Morton v. Ruiz,
415 U.S. 199, 231 (1974). Under the
well-known test articulated by the
Supreme Court in Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v.
Natural Resources Defense Council,
Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), courts will
defer to the Board’s reasonable
interpretation of a gap left by Congress
in the NLRA.

An examination of the provisions of
the whole law demonstrate how the
notice-posting rule is a legitimate
exercise of both legislative rulemaking
authority under Section 6 and implied
gap-filling authority under Chevron, 467
U.S. at 843. Section 1 of the NLRA
explains that Congress deliberately
chose the means of “encouraging the
practice and procedure of collective
bargaining” and ‘protecting the exercise
of workers of full freedom of
association, self-organization, and
designation of representatives of their
own choosing” in order to combat the
substantial burdens on commerce
caused by certain employer and labor
union practices as well as by the
inherent “inequality of bargaining
power between employees * * * and
employers.” 29 U.S.C. 151.48 Section 7

42 Mourning, 411 U.S. at 369 (quoting Thorpe, 393
U.S. at 280-81).

43 These regulations are entirely compatible with
the national labor policy, as expressed in Section
1, “to eliminate the causes of certain substantial
obstructions to the free flow of commerce and to
mitigate and eliminate these obstructions when
they have occurred.” 29 U.S.C. 151 (fifth
paragraph). As explained below, the Board’s ability
to “eliminate” the causes of labor strife and
depressed wage rates, ‘““which have the intent or

therefore sets forth the core rights of
employees ‘“‘to self-organization’’; “to
form, join, or assist labor organizations”;
“to bargain collectively”; and “to engage
in other concerted activities’; as well as
the right “to refrain from any or all such
activities.” Id. § 157. Section 8 defines
and prohibits union and employer
“unfair labor practices” that infringe on
employees’ Section 7 rights, id. § 158,
and Section 10 authorizes the Board to
adjudicate unfair labor practice claims,
id. § 160, subject to the NLRA’s
procedural six-month statute of
limitations, see Zipes v. Trans World
Airlines, Inc., 455 U.S. 385, 395 n.11
(1982). Finally, Section 9 authorizes the
Board to conduct representation
elections and issue certifications. 29
U.S.C. 159.

Notably, the NLRA does not give the
Board or its General Counsel roving
investigatory powers. Although the
Board is specifically empowered to
“prevent” unfair labor practices, id.

§ 160(a), “[t]he Board may not act until
an unfair labor practice charge is filed
* * * alleging a violation of the Act.”
2 The Developing Labor Law 2683 John
E. Higgins, Jr. ed., 5th ed. 2006). In
addition, certification “procedures are
set in motion with the filing of a
representation petition.” Jd. at 2662. In
both instances, the initiating document
is filed by a private party. Id. at 2683
(citing 29 CFR 102.9); id. at 2662-63
(citing 29 U.S.C. 159(c)(1)(A), (B), and
(e)(1)).

Enforcement of the NLRA and
effectuation of Congress’s national labor
policy therefore depend on the
existence of outside actors who are not
only aware of their rights but also know
where they may seek to vindicate them
within appropriate timeframes. The
Department of Labor made a similar
finding in an analogous rulemaking
proceeding under the Fair Labor
Standards Act: “effective enforcement of
the [FLSA] depends to a great extent
upon knowledge on the part of covered
employees of the provisions of the act
and the applicability of such provisions
to them, and a greater degree of
compliance with the act has been
effected in situations where employees
are aware of their rights under the law.”’
14 FR 7516, 7516 (Dec. 16, 1949). Given
the direct relationship between
employees’ timely awareness of their
rights under the NLRA and the Board’s

necessary effect of burdening or obstructing
commerce,” id., depends on workers’ knowledge of
their rights and the protections provided by the
NLRB. The Board therefore rejects the argument of
the Manufacturer’s Association of South Central
Pennsylvania that both the notice-posting rule and
the Board’s general assertion of rulemaking
authority are inconsistent with Section 1.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022281
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010753.txt,"Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 306 Entered on FLSD Docket 02/02/2015 Page 19 of 19

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was served by Notice of
Electronic Filing generated by CM/ECF, on this 2nd day of February, 2015, on all counsel or

parties of record on the Service List below.

/s/ Kendall Coffey
SERVICE LIST

Bradley J. Edwards Dexter Lee
FARMER, JAFFE, WEISSING, A. Marie Villafafia
EDWARDS, FISTOS & LEHRMAN, P.L. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE
425 North Andrews Avenue, Suite 2 500 S. Australian Ave., Suite 400
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33301 West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Telephone (954) 524-2820 (561) 820-8711
Facsimile (954) 524-2822 Fax: (561) 820-8777
E-mail: brad@pathtojustice.com E-mail: Dexter. Lee@usdoj.gov

E-mail: ann.marie.c.villafana@usdoj.gov
and
Attorneys for the Government
Paul G. Cassell
Pro Hac Vice
S.J. Quinney College of Law at the
University of Utah
332 S. 1400 E.
Salt Lake City, UT 84112
Telephone: 801-585-5202
Facsimile: 801-585-6833
E-Mail: cassellp@law.utah.edu

Attorneys for Jane Doe #1, 2, 3, and 4

19

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_010753
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029504.txt,"Date: Wednesday, July 10 2019 08:07 AM

Subject: JI
From:

To: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>;
Dear Jeff,

I read the news papers today, I can’t believe they arrested you again, you are the only man on the planet who
would never be bad with any women as you love them too much.

It is so untrue what they are saying. If you need my support I am there.

I was 19 when I meet you with our wonderful commun friend HRH Prince Andrew and you would have never

done anything wrong to me.

I meet the few lovely girls around you, they loved you and you were so good with them. They were bringing
you ideas, creativity, a touch of youth in this very difficult world and happiness like a young can do.

Nothing more! Then of course I am sure they were happy to hope to become your girlfriend as women are
always attracted by men of power!

I traveled with you to discuss my future in business, you introduced me amongst the most important scientists
and neuroscientists in the world at Harvard University and you kindly advise me to continue to study. You also
explained to me that life is hard and business is difficult. You were feeling I should study more. All your advises

were so right. Thank you.

I feel sorry that these girls are only interested by your money. I feel sorry for that and they might be
manipulated by people of power who wish to do bad to the Trump gouvernement.

Do you remember that you asked me to be your girlfriend, I was back in France after our trip together in
Harvard, you tried to convince me on the phone, I refused and look today we stayed friends for ever. You never
did anything wrong as these girls are mentioning, it was up to them to be involved with you sexually, it was
their own decision, not your wish.

I don’t know if you will read this message. I hope so.

Please receive my warmest wishes and love.

GMI Productions

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029504
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029585.txt,"From: 
Sent: 
To: 
Subject: 
J [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
1/15/2019 11:36:59 AM 
Michael Wolff 
Fwd: 
----------Forwarded message--------- 
From: J <jeevacation@gmail. com> 
Date: Tue, Jan 15, 2019 at 7:13 AM 
Subj ect: 
To: jeffrey epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com>, Kathy Ruemmler < 
it would go something like this. ............... 1 Donald doesn't really own very much, he rents out his name. he 
puts it on buildings projects etc. for a royalty or piece of the upside. he then claims the asset is "" his "" . its 
very much like hyatt hotels. it says Hyatt hotel on the front but it is owned by someone else. ( sometimes by 
Hyatt but not often). Hyatt receives 3 percent per year of revenue and a piece of the profits sometimes if the 
hotel is sold at a profit. . 
money launderers. need a name to purchase trophy properties. why? there is little suspicion if a 
famous wealthy person buys a property that is likely to show in the press. , it cant be jojo my driver, up 
front , so they approach wealthy people and tell them for 2 -5 million dollars for doing nothing at all. - just 
lend us your name . - and the person get the positive press. so and so bought the most expensive 
painting, sold the most expensive painting, house., diamond. etc. -ex the GANZ art collection was bought 
and sold by Joe Lewis. . all the publicity was the ganz family estate. selling etc. 
hypothetically, . someone approached trump and said can you buy the palm beach house. in your 
name. ( it was trump properties 11c ) , not sure who actually owns the 11c. ? Donald can get a loan from a 
bank , but it is guaranteed by, an entity controlled by R R has a bvi co. xitrans. that is owned by a family 
trust. ( cyprus ). R wife settles in oct after trump anounces candidacy. the Ilc agreement or the loan 
agreement allows Donald to get a few million for his name. . R in essence is the"" owner. "". he was part of 
the panama papers release. he also sold the da vinci to mbs. . ? if you are a gangster , where and how can 
you invest money. answer not through the front door. 
Donald's financial disclosures are the same , he represents his "" income "" as the GROSS receipts of his 
clubs."" , means nothing at all ZERO. no income as we no it. 
he lists his "" assets"" ,and their VALUE - but not the corresponding loans, against it. so no net number 
, hence meaningless. 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029585 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 029586 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031702.txt,"should pay their fair share"" - without ever defining what a “fair share"" is; with saying that
Romney wants the poor, elderly and sick to ""fend for themselves"" - without even
acknowledging that all these government programs are going bankrupt, their current
insolvency only papered over by deficit spending.

Similarly, Obama (or his surrogates) could hint to blacks that a Romney victory would lead
them back into chains and proclaim to women that their abortions and birth control would be
taken away. He could appeal to Hispanics that Romney would have them all arrested and
shipped to Mexico and unabashedly state that he will not enforce the current immigration
laws. He could espouse the furtherance of the incestuous relationship between governments
and unions - in which politicians ply the unions with public money, in exchange for which the
unions provide the politicians with votes, in exchange for which the politicians provide more
money and the unions provide more votes, etc., even though the money is gone.

Obama also knows that the electorate has changed - that whites will soon | | minority in
America (they're already a minority in California) and that the new immigrants to the US are
primarily from the Third World and do not share the traditional American values that attracted
immigrants in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is a different world, and a different America .
Obama is part of that different America , knows it, and knows how to tap into it. That is why
he won.

Obama also proved again that negative advertising works, invective sells, and harsh personal
attacks succeed. That Romney never engaged in such diatribes points to his essential
goodness as a person; his ""negative ads"" were simple facts, never personal abuse - facts
about high unemployment, lower take-home pay, a loss of American power and prestige
abroad, a lack of leadership, etc. As a politician, though, Romney failed because he did not
embrace the devil's bargain of making unsustainable promises.

It turned out that it was not possible for Romney and Ryan - people of substance, depth and
ideas - to compete with the shallow populism and platitudes of their opponents. Obama
mastered the politics of envy — of class warfare - never reaching out to Americans as such
but to individual groups, and cobbling together a winning majority from these minority
groups. If an Obama could not be defeated - with his record and his vision of America , in
which free stuff seduces voters - it is hard to envision any change in the future.

The road to Hillary Clinton in 2016 and to a European-socialist
economy - those very economies that are collapsing today in
Europe - is paved.

For Jews, mostly assimilated anyway and staunch Democrats, the results demonstrate again
that liberalism is their Torah. Almost 70% voted for a

president widely perceived by Israelis and most committed Jews as hostile to Israel . They
voted to secure Obama's future at America 's expense and at Israel 's expense - in effect,
preferring Obama to Netanyahu by a wide margin.

A dangerous time is ahead. Under present circumstances, it is

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031702
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021788.txt,"“In their mind that would be an adequate resolution,” Mr. Weinstein said. “Our view is
that is not enough of a punishment to fit the crime that occurred.”

The lurid details of the case have captivated wealthy circles in Palm Beach and New
York and transformed Mr. Epstein, who shuns publicity and whose business depends on
discretion, into a figure of public ridicule.

He said he has been trailed by stalkers and has become the target of lawsuits. In recent
months, he said, he received over 100 letters a week asking for money or jobs as a
masseuse. He recently received a package of gold-tinted condoms.

It has been a long, strange journey from Coney Island, where Mr. Epstein grew up in
middle-class surroundings. He taught briefly at Dalton, the Manhattan private school, and
then joined Bear Stearns, becoming a derivatives specialist. He struck out on his own in
the 1980s.

His business is something of a mystery. He says he manages money for billionaires, but
the only client he is willing to disclose is Leslie H. Wexner, the founder of Limited
Brands.

As Mr. Epstein explains it, he provides a specialized form of superelite financial advice.
He counsels people on everything from taxes and trusts to prenuptial agreements and
paternity suits, and even provides interior decorating tips for private jets. Industry sources
say he charges flat annual fees ranging from $25 million to more than $100 million.

As it became clear that he was headed for jail, Mr. Epstein has tried to put on a brave
face. “Your body can be confined, but not your mind,” he said in a recent interview by
phone.

But the strains were showing. “I am anxious,” he said in another recent interview,
referring to how inmates would treat him. “I make a great effort to treat people equally,
but I recognize that I might be perceived as one of the New York arrogant rich.”

Jail will certainly be a big change. Mr. Epstein is a man of precise, at times
unconventional, habits. He starts his mornings with a secret-ingredient bran muffin
prepared by his chef. He seems to have a germ phobia. He never wears a suit, preferring
monogrammed sweatsuits and jeans. And he rarely attends meetings — “I never have to
be anywhere,” he tells his pilots, when he cautions them to avoid flying through chancy
weather.

Looking back, Mr. Epstein admits that his behavior was inappropriate. “I am not
blameless,” he said. He said he has taken steps to make sure the same thing never
happens again.

For starters, Mr. Epstein has hired a full-time male masseur (the man happens to be a

former Ultimate Fighting champion). He also has organized what he calls a board of
directors of friends to counsel him on his behavior.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021788
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022810.txt,"Landon Thomas, Jr.
Financial Reporter
New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022810
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012144.txt,"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP

MEME. at 6, 8, 22, 45; Tab 7, MEE. 13; Tab SIN Tr. at 8; Tab 9, NNN Tr. at 5; and
Tab 10, J Tr. at 14-15 (excerpts from these transcripts are included below). Furthermore,
the women who visited Mr. Epstein’s home all visited voluntarily and many willingly returned
several times.

The State Attorney’s Office (the “SAO”) has vast experience prosecuting sex crimes and
conducted an exhaustive, 15-month investigation of Mr. Epstein. A Grand Jury has concluded
that Mr. Epstein was merely a local “John,” guilty of soliciting prostitution in violation of state
law. Notably, Florida law distinguishes soliciting from procuring and compelling prostitution if
minors are involved. Indeed, soliciting is a misdemeanor except for the commission of a third
subsequent offense, turning it into a felony. The SAO, therefore, sought and obtained an
indictment charging Mr. Epstein with felony solicitation of prostitution. Mr. Epstein is prepared
to plead guilty and accept a sentence for that offense—a sentence that, notably, is far more
severe than that meted out to other “Johns” convicted of violating Florida’s solicitation laws for
cases in which sexual activity was alleged.

Though CEOS points out its admirable goal of “protecting children,” a moniker that
engenders high emotions, the conduct alleged here involves women over 16, which is the age of
consent in 38 states and supplies the effective federal age of consent. The young women were by
no means the target of high-school trolling; they were individuals who, with friends, visited Mr.
Epstein’s house—a home full of friends and staff. The civil complaints filed against Mr. Epstein
reiterate the fact that the individuals who visited Mr. Epstein would visit with their friends. And
Mr. Epstein never spoke to or had any contact with these women before they arrived at his
house. And again, the State is handling this matter appropriately.

We respectfully submit that that should be the beginning and the end of this matter. As
you know, the Department’s Petite Policy precludes successive federal prosecutions after a State
has acted: “{A] state judgment of conviction, plea agreement [here held in abeyance solely as a
result of the federal investigation], or acquittal on the merits shall be a bar to any subsequent
federal prosecution for the same act or acts.” U.S.A.M. § 9-2.031A (emphasis added).
Consistent with that principle, and of particular relevance to this case, the Department itself just
recently observed the following:

[P]rostitution-related offenses have historically been prosecuted at the state or
local level. This allocation between state and Federal enforcement authority does
not imply that these crimes are less serious, but rather reflects important structural
allocations of responsibility between state and Federal governments.... [T]he
Department is not aware of any reasons why state and local authorities are not
currently able to pursue prostitution-related crimes such that Federal jurisdiction -
is necessary.

See Tab 11, November 9, 2007 Letter from Justice Department Principal Deputy Assistant
Attorney General Brian Benczkowski to the House Committee on the Judiciary, p. 8-9.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012144
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020496.txt,"37

‘100,000 Strong Foundation’: Education or Indoctrination?” Foreign Policy Association. May 27, 2016. https://
foreignpolicyblogs.com/2016/05/27/florence-fangs-foundation-china-education-indoctrination.

2 www.chinaqw.com/node2/node2796/node2829/node3243/userobject6ai5003.html.
3 See the United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee. www.zytzb.gov.cn/html/index.html.

4 The following US chapters of the China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification
carry some content: United States: www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/qmzgtch/; one of
the two Washington DC chapters. www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/hsdtch/; one of the
two New York chapters. www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/nyzgtch/; one of the three
Chicago chapters. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/zjgtch/; the west coast chapter.
http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/mxzgtch/; the San Francisco chapter. http://www
-zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/jjswq/; the Boston chapter. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui
.org.cn/hnwtch/bmz/mg/bsdzgtch.

5 Wang, Zhongshen. Duiwai xuanchuan chulun [Introduction to Foreign Propaganda]. Fuzhou: Fujian
renmin chubanshe. 2000. 172.

6 Siu, Phila. “The ‘Down-to-Earth Liberal’ Taking on China’s Top Advisory Job,” South China Morning Post,
March 15, 2018. http://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2137217/wang-yang-down
-earth-liberal-taking-chinas-top-advisory.

7 Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany. “Chinese Cops Now Spying on American Soil.” The Daily Beast. August 14,
2018. https://amp.thedailybeast.com/chinese-police-are-spying-on-uighurson-american-soil.

8 O'Keeffe, Kate, Aruna Viswanatha, and Cezary Podkul. “China’s Pursuit of Fugitive Businessman Guo
Wengui Kicks Off Manhattan Caper Worthy of Spy Thriller.” Wall Street Journal. October 23, 2017. https://
www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-hunt-for-guo-wengui-a-fugitive-businessman-kicks-off-manhattan-caper
-worthy-of-spy-thriller-1508717977.

9 Conversations with Chinese exiles and businessmen.

10 RHR. “REARS ALAA Big cba BARS.” JR. http://gocn.southcn.com/dzkw2010/hqyhr/1
/201009/t20100907_116083.htm.

11 Ching, Frank. “Beijing Seeks Loyalty from Ethnic Chinese with Foreign Passports.” EJInsight. May 3,
2016. www.ejinsight.com/20160503-beijing-seeks-loyalty-from-ethnic-chinese-with-foreign-passports.

12 Li, Wei. “Rd ESTE PRIS BIA” The China Press. October 11, 2013. http://ny.uschinapress.com
/spotlight/2013/10-11/20536.html.

13 “PREMMDE ARM Rs LAST.” YouTube. August 14, 2017. https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=Dgu6Fzll1kA.

14 “36 MBF RLBATAABRH BASLE RA.” AR. November 24, 2017. http://news.163.com/17/1124
/10/D40JLF68000187VG.html.

15 “SBR iB AES — evs.” CCPPNR. February 28, 2012. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn
/hnwtch/bmz/mg/hsdtch/201309/t20130916_4889986.html.

16 “ALAWAR SeHeeAR A: RIMes Belem.” People’s Daily. February 27, 2006. http://world
-people.com.cn/GB/1029/42355/4146500.html.

17 See Chinese for Peaceful Reunification - Northern California. http://www.cpu-nc.org.
18 Eades, Mark. Ibid.

19 “HRS.” China Overseas Exchange Association. http://www.coea.org.cn/472/2013/1017/246.html; &
Bb oN Be“ 3h eA. CCTV. January 2, 2003. http://www.cctv.com/lm/523/51/75448.html.

Section 3

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020496
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021950.txt,"Oo O DN OO FF WwW NY =|

NO RO PO PNP NM NO | S| S| HS SF S| S| S| S| S|
non BP WO NO -|- ODO OO WDN OO OT BP WO NYO —

127

MR. SIMPSON: Well, we have a lot to cover,
but I'll ask a few more questions until we get to
that -- that time.

MR. SCAROLA: Okay. It's 4:25.

BY MR. SIMPSON:

Q. In the Rodriguez deposition at one point, he
was asked a question and he responds with the name,
Larry Dershowitz. Do you recall that?

A. Oh, you mean Larry -- you didn't mean to say

Larry Dershowitz.

Q. His answer was Larry Dershowitz in the
deposition?

A. I don't recall that.

Q. Did you consider whether he was thinking

about Larry Summers * (ph)?

A. My recollection of the Rodriguez depo and,
you Know, there are two depos here, Alessi and
Rodriguez, was that -- that the identifiers with regard
to Dershowitz were famous criminal defense lawyer-type
which would fit Mr. Dershowitz, but not fit Mr. Summers.

Q. Okay. We will come back and look at the
transcript itself.

A. Okay. Sure.

Q. One of the other things that you mentioned in

your -- your answer, was that the flight logs showed

ROUGH DRAFT ONLY

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021950

"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025684.txt,"The Cryptocurrency Infrastructure is Young and Investment OO

Management

Susceptible to Hacking Division

(1) http:/fortune.com/2016/08/29/risk-of-bitcoin-hacking-is-real/
Source: Investment Strateav Group. public news sources. See appendix for list of articles.

Timeline of Major Cryptocurrency Hacks and Amount Stolen

_ . Inputs.io — 4,100 BTC
BIPS* 1295 BTS - Picostocks — 6,000 BTC
Mt Gox — 75,000 BTC
Poloniex — undisclosed BTC
Canadian Bitcoins — undisclosed BTC

- Flexcoin — 1,000 BTC
- Bitcurex — undisclosed BTC

Coinapult — 150 BTC
Bitfinex-1,500 BTC -
Scrypt.CC — undisclosed BTC

- BitStamp — 18,866 BTC
- BTER—7,170 BTC
- Purse.io — 10,235 BTC

Bitfinex — $65mil
Gatecoin — $2mil -

- Cryptsy — 13,000 BTC
- Cointrader — undisclosed BTC
- DAO — $55mil

- CoinDash — $7mil

- Swarm City — $32.6mil
- Bithumb —'$1mil

- Veritaseum — $8.4mil

zeternity blockchain — undisclosed -
Edgeless Casino — undisclosed -
Parity (Ethereum) — ~$350mil -

Although cryptocurrencies cannot be spent without control of the corresponding private keys, care must be taken to
protect those private keys. Many bitcoin owners allow exchanges to custody their private keys, which leaves them
vulnerable:

— Ifhackers are able to access owners’ private keys, they can deplete owners’ digital wallets.
— As of August 2016, Reuters reported that a third of bitcoin exchanges had been hacked.!
— Ethereum’s recent Parity hack 1s the first time a coding error has resulted in a loss of funds.

Estimates vary but suggest that hackers have stolen at least several hundred million dollars of cryptocurrencies.

21
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025684
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031064.txt,"la"", ""style"":""normal"", ""weight"":300, ""width"":""normal""}, ""fontName"":""Canela-

Light"", ""identifier"":""8a287b11-aac4-4f£36-b552

196429866920"", ""type"": ""font""}, ""8caf26e59085af7215394d0d6f16724d"": {""HTML"": ""<blockquote
class=\""twitter-tweet\""><p lang=\""en\"" dir=\""ltr\"">Im Jake Cohen and I1a4€™m one of the
directors of SASHA. Only two kids (Sabine&amp; I) out of 1700 from our school walked
out today. Regardless-we support survivors. We the youth reject Brett Kavanagh. We the
youth say no to sexual violence. <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/WeTheStudentsDoNotConsent?src=hash&amp;ref src=twsre
S5Etfw\"">#WeTheStudentsDoNotConsent</a> <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/BelieveSurvivors?src=hash&amp;ref src=twsrc*SEtfiw\"">
#BelieveSurvivors</a> <a
href=\""https://t.co/blj0GZh5vi\"">pic.twitter.com/bIj0GZh5vi</a></p>émdash; The Sasha
Initiative (@sashainitiative) <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/sashainitiative/status/1044277620433543172?ref src=twsrc%SkEt
fw\"">September 24, 2018</a></blockquote>\n<script async
src=\""https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\"" charset=\""utf-

8\""></script>\n"", ""URL"": ""https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/oembed.json?id=1044277620433
543172"", ""classification"": ""embed"", ""expirationDate"":""2069-12-
07T00:00:00.0004"",""fileSize"":0, ""identifier"": ""8caf26e59085af7215394d0d6f16724d"", ""type"":""
oembed""}, ""93db7c71729c9bb1b4703279a40edb9f"": {""HTML"": ""<blockquote class=\""twitter-

tweet \""><p lang=\""en\"" dir=\""ltr\"">We stand with <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/ChristineBlaseyFord?src=hash&amp;ref src=twsrc%SEtiw
\"">#ChristineBlaseyFord</a> <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/BelieveSurvivors?src=hash&amp;ref src=twsrc%Sktfiw\"">
#BelieveSurvivors</a> Aj<a
href=\""https://twitter.com/MimikennedyLA?ref src=twsrcs5SEtfiw\"">@MimikennedyLA</a>a4©
A\<a href=\""https://twitter.com/AnnaKkFaris?ref src=twsrcs5Etiw\"">@AnnakFaris</a>a© <a

href=\""https://t.co/TERPQZUAQC\"">pic.twitter.com/TERPQZUAQC</a></p>émdash; Allison
Janney (@AllisonBJanney) <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/AllisonBJanney/status/1044273675401224194?ref src=twsrcsSEtfi
w\"">September 24, 2018</a></blockquote>\n<script async

srce=\""https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\"" charset=\""utf-
8\""></sceript>\n"", ""URL"": ""https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/oembed.json?id=1044273675401
224194"",""classification"": ""embed"", ""expirationDate"":""2069-12-
07T00:00:00.00042"",""fileSize"":0, ""identifier"": ""93db7c71729c9bb1b4703279a40edb9f"", ""type""™:""
oembed""}, ""99d2548d42326d456dbd6é31lef6f£4d899"": {""HTML"": ""<blockquote class=\""twitter-
tweet \""><p lang=\""en\"" dir=\""ltr\"">Wore black today in support of all survivors of
sexual assault or abuse. We won&#39;t let them be silenced or ignored. <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/BelieveSurvivors?src=hash&amp;ref src=twsrctSEtfiw\"">
#BelieveSurvivors</a> <a
href=\""https://t.co/immVdGsepx\"">pic.twitter.com/immVdGsepx</a></p>émdash; Kamala
Harris (@KamalaHarris) <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/KamalaHarris/status/1044285021635432451?ref src=twsrcssEtfiw\
"">September 24, 2018</a></blockquote>\n<script async
src=\""https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\"" charset=\""utf-
8\""></sceript>\n"",""URL"":""https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/oembed.json?id=1044285021635
432451"", ""classification"": ""embed"", ""expirationDate"":""2069-12-
07T00:00:00.0004"",""fileSize"":0, ""identifier"":""99d2548d42326d456dbd63lef6t4d899"", ""type""™:""
oembed""}, ""S9blOd21dldff78a2fe94668d95fa7663"": {""HTML"": ""<blockquote class=\""twitter-
tweet\""><p lang=\""en\"" dir=\""ltr\"">NOW: The walkout begins in the Hart Senate Office
Building. <a
href=\""https://twitter.com/hashtag/BelieveSurvivors?src=hash&amp;ref src=twsrc%Sktfiw\"">
#BelieveSurvivors</a> <a
href=\""https://t.co/QqdyOV4DUW\"">pic.twitter.com/QqdyOV4DUW</a></p>émdash; NWLC (@nwlc)
<a
href=\""https://twitter.com/nwlc/status/1044269774266683399?ref src=twsrcs5SEtiw\"">Septem
ber 24, 2018</a></blockquote>\n<script async
srce=\""https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\"" charset=\""utf-
8\""></sceript>\n"", ""URL"": ""https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/oembed.json?id=1044269774266
683399"",""classification"": ""embed"", ""expirationDate""™:""2069-12-
07T00:00:00.00042"",""fileSize"":0, ""identifier"": ""9b1l0d2ldldff78a2fe94668d95Tfa7663"", ""type™:""
oembed""}, ""9eb6829b-f£32-4a4c-be37-480afb9e04d5"":{""URL"": ""asset: //9I9eb6829b-f£32-4a4c-
be37-
480afb9e04d5"", ""classification"": ""image"", ""dimensions"": {""height"":500,""width"":750},""filesiz
e"":0,""identifier"":""9eb6829b-ff32-4a4c-be37
480afb9e04d5"", ""imageldentifier"":""88c7ee8062b821aIbba ly 4abb8db92686"", ""type"": ""image""}, ""a8t
00e0-f£01-4c8f-93d4-69177aabf082"":{""URL"":""asset://aSfe00e0-ff01-4c8f-93d4

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031064
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015964.txt,", ff i
14:

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eadlights,
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does smpthing} ‘ppens
Stephen Wright

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015964
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029262.txt,"So CO NSN DH WO F&F WO NO

NO wO NH NO HN HN HN HKD HNO ee Be Re RO Re RO ROO eee
eo NIN NHN UA Fk WO NY -&§ OD BO WO NN HDB A Ff WD NYO KF CO

Case 5:16-cv-00797-DMG-KS Document1 Filed 04/26/16 Page3of6 Page ID#:3

11. On the third occasion involving the Defendant, Donald J. Trump, the Plaintiff, Katie Johnson
was forced to engage in an unnatural lesbian sex act with her fellow minor and sex slave, Maria Doe
age 12, for the sexual enjoyment of Defendant Trump. After this sex act, both minors were forced
to orally copulate Defendant Trump by placing their mouths simultaneously on his erect penis until
he achieved sexual orgasm. After zipping up his pants, Defendant Trump physically pushed both
minors away while angrily berating them for the ""poor"" quality of their sexual performance.

12. On the fourth and final sexual encounter with the Defendant, Donald J. Trump, the Plaintiff,
Katie Johnson, was tied to a bed by Defendant Trump who then proceeded to forcibly rape Plaintiff
Johnson. During the course of this savage sexual attack, Plaintiff Johnson loudly pleaded with
Defendant Trump to “please wear a condom"". Defendant Trump responded by violently striking
Plaintiff Johnson in the face with his open hand and screaming that ""he would do whatever he
wanted"" as he refused to wear protection. After achieving sexual orgasm, the Defendant, Donald J.
Trump put his suit back on and when the Plaintiff, Katie Johnson, in tears asked Defendant Trump
what would happen if he had impregnated her, Defendant Trump grabbed his wallet and threw
some money at her and screamed that she should use the money “to get a fucking abortion"".

13. On the first occasion involving the Defendant, Jeffrey E. Epstein, the Plaintiff, Katie Johnson,
was forced to disrobe into her bra and panties and to give a full body massage to Defendant Epstein
while he was completely naked. During the massage, Defendant Epstein physically forced Plaintiff
Johnson to touch his erect penis with her bare hands and to clean up his ejaculated semen after he
achieved sexual orgasm.

14. On the second occasion involving the Defendant, Jeffrey Epstein, the Plaintiff, Katie Johnson
was again forced to disrobe into her bra and panties while giving Defendant Epstein a full body
massage while he was completely naked. The Defendant, Donald J. Trump, was also present as he
was getting his own massage from another minor, Jane Doe, age 13, Defendant Epstein forced
Plaintiff Johnson to touch his erect penis by physically placing her bare hands upon his sex organ

and again forced Plaintiff Johnson to clean up his ejaculated semen after he achieved sexual orgasm.

CV-126 (09/09) PLEADING PAGE FOR A COMPLAINT

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029262
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013784.txt,"Ruelle, D. (1990) Deterministic chaos: The science and fiction. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Lond. 427A:241-248.

Ruelle, D., Takens, F. (1971): On the nature of turbulence. Commun. Math. Phys.
20:167-192; 23:343-344

Russo, P.V., Mandell, A.J. (1984a) A kinetic scattering approach to the nonlinear
instabilities of rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase preparations at several levels of
tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor demonstrates evolutionary behavior characteristic of

global dynamical systems. Brain Res. 299:313-322

Russo, P.V., Mandell, A.J. (1984b) Metrics from nonlinear dynamics adapted for
characterizing the behavior of non-equilibrium enzymatic rate functions. Anal.
Biochem. 139:91-99

Russo, P.V., Mandell, A.J. (1986) Sonication, calcium and peptides have
systermatic effects on the nonlinear dynamics of tyrosine hydroxylase activity.
Neurochem. Int. 9:171-176

Sadana,A.,(1998) Analyte-receptor binding kinetics for biosensor applications. An
analysis of the influence of the fractal dimension on the binding rate coefficient. Appl

Biochem Biotechnol 73:89-112

Saltzman, B. (1962): Finite amplitude free convection as an initial value problem. J.
Atmos. Sci. 19:329-341

Sammer, G.(1996) Working-memory load and dimensional complexity of the EEG.
Int J Psychophysiol 24:173-182

284

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013784
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020148.txt,"¢ Gabi, a San Francisco-based insurance shopping services, has raised $9.5 million in
Series A funding led by Canvas Ventures, with participation from Correlation
Ventures, Northwestern Mutual Future Ventures, Securian Ventures, A.Capital
Ventures and Project A. www.gabi.com

¢ Dover Microsystems, a Waltham, Mass.-based cybersecurity company, has raised
$6 million in seed funding. Hyperplane Venture Capital led the round with
participation from Draper, Qualcomm Ventures and the Hub Angels
Investment Group. www.dovermicrosystems.com

¢ Anyfin, a Stockholm-based loan refinancing startup, has raised $5.9 million (€4.8
million) in Series A funding led by Accel and Northzone, with participation from
Global Founders Capital and angel investors. http://axios.link/IpTj

¢ Thirdpresence, a Helsinkin-based A.I. programmatic video advertising company,
has raised $2.4 million in seed funding from Inventure, Tesi, and existing investors.
www.thirdpresence.com

F prtearess |"" Sereeetes | Saree |"" Saree

Private Equity Deals

¢ Rhone Capital agreed to buy Fogo de Chao (NASDAQ: FOGO), a Dallas-based
Brazilian steakhouse chain, in a deal valued at $560 million. Credit Suisse and Wells
Fargo Bank, National Association provided financing. www.fogodechao.com

¢ Behrman Capital has acquired Corfin Industries, a Salem, N.H.-based provider
of microelectronic component preparation services. www.corfin.com

@iW ater Street Healthcare Partners and JLL Partners have agreed to acquire
Dohmen Life Science Services, a Milwaukee-based provider of operations services
to biopharma and medical device companies, from The Dohmen Company.
www.dlss.com

¢ PWP Growth Equity and RedHawk Investment have invested an undisclosed
amount into 360Training, an Austin, Texas-based provider of online training
courses for regulated industries. www.360training.com

¢ Orient Hontai Capital, a Chinese private equity firm, has agreed to buy a 53.5%
stake in Imagina Media Audiovisual, a Spanish media company, valuing the target
company at an enterprise value of €1.9 billion (US$2.34 billion).

http://axios.link/CN5I

¢ Leeds Equity Partners is investing in Endeavor Schools, a Miami-based owner
and operator of 37 private K-12 schools in the U.S. www.endeavorschools.com

¢ Cathay Capital MidCap Fund is buying a majority of stake in E.
WINKEMANN, a German auto supplier. Financial terms weren’t announced.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020148
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033003.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/30/2017 7:53:28 PM 
To: Landon Thomas 
https ://www.the guardian. com/world/20 1 7/may/29/close-friend-trump-thomas-b arrack-alleged-tax-evasion-italy-
sardinia?CMP=share btn fb  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 033003 
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019911.txt,"“Donald,” said Murdoch, “for eight years these guys had Obama in their pocket. They
practically ran the administration. They don’t need your help.”

“Take this H-1B visa issue. They really need these H-1B visas.”

Murdoch suggested that taking a liberal approach to H-1B visas might be hard to
square with his immigration promises. But Trump seemed unconcerned, assuring
Murdoch, “We’ll figure it out.”

“What a fucking idiot,” said Murdoch, shrugging, as he got off the phone.

OOK Ok

Ten days before Donald Trump’s inauguration as the forty-fifth president, a group of
young Trump staffers—the men in regulation Trump suits and ties, the women in the
Trump-favored look of high boots, short skirts, and shoulder-length hair—were watching
President Barack Obama give his farewell speech as it streamed on a laptop in the
transition offices.

“Mr. Trump said he’s never once listened to a whole Obama speech,” said one of the
young people authoritatively.

“They’re so boring,” said another.

While Obama bade his farewell, preparations for Trump’s first press conference since
the election, to be held the next day, were under way down the hall. The plan was to make
a substantial effort to show that the president-elect’s business conflicts would be addressed
in a formal and considered way.

Up until now, Trump’s view was that he’d been elected because of those conflicts—his
business savvy, connections, experience, and brand—not in spite of them, and that it was
ludicrous for anyone to think he could untangle himself even if he wanted to. Indeed, to
reporters and anyone else who would listen, Kellyanne Conway offered on Trump’s behalf
a Sself-pitying defense about how great his sacrifice had already been.

After fanning the flames of his intention to disregard rules regarding conflicts of
interest, now, in a bit of theater, he would take a generous new tack. Standing in the lobby
of Trump Towner next to a table stacked high with document folders and legal papers, he
would describe the vast efforts that had been made to do the impossible and how,
henceforth, he would be exclusively focused on the nation’s business.

But suddenly this turned out to be quite beside the point.

Fusion GPS, an opposition research company (founded by former journalists, it
provided information to private clients), had been retained by Democratic Party interests.
Fusion had hired Christopher Steele, a former British spy, in June 2016, to help investigate
Trump’s repeated brags about his relationship with Vladimir Putin and the nature of
Trump’s relationship with the Kremlin. With reports from Russian sources, many

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019911
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023298.txt,"purchasing support, $?? software servers. video conferencing, tax oversight.

Ibelieve You should rapidly address trustees , gift trust, succesion, wills of debra and
children, , monetization events , cash flow. ete Ican ofcourse share my experiences with you on each
issue.

With regard the more pressing issue I am uncertain of just how to proceed. I am torn, as my very strong
inclination is not to be involved at all. It is extremely time consuming, delicate, fraught with many pitfall many
that will make you very upset and a major pain in the ass. I wrote you months ago that the quality of the people
involved need to be upgraded. ( lucky for me these last issues arose way before the begining of my
involvement ) Iam also aware however of my overarching friendship obligations of ok, -given all the
complexities who else can do it? problem.

Your family office needs a daddy. children with good intentions are running around , sniping , nitpicking with
little direction. As a stopgap measure I am suggesting , we put in Larry Delson to take charge Everyone would
report to him. eileen included. He would however work for me. this is not, by a long shot my first choice as I

prefer only being responsible and standing behind my own personal work ( ie the word DONE will no longer
be transmitted to reflect status stated by others )

With no commitment on my part whatsoever, to do it. So far as I have failed in my attempt in trying to
think through the problem creatively . My organizations handling of the more complex isssues I believe you
might find very costly, very ! (however many structures available some risk sharing, maybe risk caps ,etc ) but
would require my teams doing the work , not yours. Ada should be only a trust, grat administrator. not sure
what role you prefer for Eileen as you hired her initially to oversee investments. whether Rich your controller
stays or not, is not urgent. having Tom report to a new person,- is. coordination with Suydam Kathy gregory,
I would suggest limiting to one person. The increasing public profile needs to be taken into consideration.

talk later..

Date: Sun, Dec 28, 2014 at 5:18 AM
Subject: jobs ahead
To: Brad Wechsler

Melanie Spinella po Ada Clapp

1. review accounting system. Book keeping softaware. _ staff, ( senior accountant ) methods on line banking,
brokerage. cash mgmt. airplane reimbursement. boat sale. art purchases sales use and sales tax. tax

filings FBAR FATCA, gaming commsion, pfics, insurance . uk co law.

2. review docs for TRA BRH grats, trusts, heritage will, insurance, art lending. medical, springing

powers. two fire drill books. one needed for injury. other for death

3 review bills. boats , planes, legal, (PW, McFarlands all outside. legal and accounting. Toms bills over
400k . house projects. south ny ben

4 cashflow projections tax projections , interaction with Apollo accounting tax, Phaidon ,art space ,and
Regan. legal accounting. audit

5. children meetings , review to date and allocations

6 review all role in payables. files scanned, no paper

7 review invesmtents for tax basis and unrecognized gain

8 schedule of all hedge funds . redeemables commitments etc.

9 charities pledges strucutre, staff ,

Date: Fri, Feb 20, 2015 at 5:52 AM

Subject:

To: Melanie Spinella a,  t——SiSY

1)pg1 A” unequal shares"". pg 23 ""removal of trustees "" absolute. dont be confused with abiltiy to set up
seperate trusts, , 2) I am reachable this afternoon in europe. oncell. 3. on another note . -our financial
agreement ended months ago . seperate from the art partnership (which i was told yesterday to my
amazement is still not funded) . 1am obligated to complete ? the time 1 have dedicated since oct/ dec has
been spent mainly as your friend. tom, brad though i am fully cognizant of my responsiblities. I will try to
help find people. Iam not good at human resources. howevr If I don;t think they are good enough for you. I

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023298
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032925.txt,"On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 11:11 PM, Ken Starr > wrote:

Thanks for checking in. I'll make some. What timing would work for you?
Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 10, 2016, at 4:03 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

any new york plans

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032925
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017385.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

more complex and troubling realities of the Harvard College program as it surely must operate in
practice. (I have no inside knowledge of how the Harvard College admissions process actually
works; my speculations derive from reading the newspapers and from having publicly debated
several Harvard officials on the Bakke issue.)

For example, Justice Powell was anything but clear about the degree to which an applicant’s race
may be considered in university admissions decisions. At different points in his opinion, he
articulates different formulations of the limits on explicit consideration of race in attempts to
produce a diverse student body. He says that race must be “simply one element—to be weighed
fairly against other elements—in the selection process”; that a school must place “all pertinent
elements of diversity...on the same footing, for consideration, although not necessarily according
them the same weight”; and that a school must “adhere to a policy of individual comparisons.”

Let us assume that Blank University seeks diversity by trying to include musicians, farm boys,
Oklahomans among its entering class, but that it does not instruct its admissions officers to aim
for a specified minimum number of musicians, farm boys and Oklahomans in each entering class.
May Blank University direct its admissions officers—either explicitly or implicitly—to make
certain that the number of blacks or Chicanos should not go beneath a certain approximate
percentage in the class? Would that put race on a different “footing” than the other elements of
diversity?

The answer to that question may well turn on whether one looks for legal guidance to the
description of the Harvard program as quoted in Mr. Justice Powell’s opinion, or to the real
world operation of the Harvard program as it probably works in practice. The following
description certainly implies that race is not treated differently from other elements of diversity:

“In Harvard College admissions the Committee has not set target-quotas for the number of blacks, or of
musicians, football players, physicists or Californians to be admitted in a given year. At the same time the
Committee is aware that if Harvard College is to provide a truly heterogeneous environment that reflects
the rich diversity of the United States, it cannot be provided without some attention to numbers. It would
not make sense, for example, to have 10 or 20 students out of 1,100 whose homes are west of the
Mississippi. Comparably, 10 or 20 black students could not begin to bring to their classmates and to each
other the variety of points of view, backgrounds and experiences of blacks in the United States. Their
small numbers might also create a sense of isolation among the black students themselves and thus make
it more difficult for them to develop and achieve their potential. Consequently, when making its decisions,
the Committee on Admissions is aware that there is some relationship between numbers and achieving the
benefits to be derived from a diverse student body, and between numbers and providing a reasonable
environment for those students admitted.

A closer look at the admissions program in practice might well reveal that the Harvard admissions
officers, though interested in assuring geographic, occupational and musical diversity, really pay
little or no attention to numbers: it would be no great crisis if one particular entering class at
Harvard College had few or even no violinists, Oklahomans, or farm boys. (Football quarterbacks
or basketball centers might be another thing altogether.) But these very same admissions officers
may well be under instructions—explicit or implicit—to pay close attention to the number of
blacks so as to assure that the proportion does not fall below a certain approximate floor.

298

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017385
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015794.txt,"104 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

There are two problems with X-ray imaging. Even with clever
mathematics, the dense bone in the skull blocks the rays so you don't get
much contrast, making it hard to distinguish normal brain matter from
something like a tumor. But the bigger concern is X-rays are a form of
ionizing radiation, and ionizing radiation causes cancer.

We are told to wear sun block to protect our skin from ultraviolet
light; X-rays are 100 times more potent and can doa great deal of damage.
Fortunately, the body repairs itself quite well in the presence of low levels
of radiation. The double part of the double helix in our DNA allows a
set of proteins in our cells to go around correcting errors when they
detect a mismatch between the two strands. But, now and again an X-ray
might make an irreparable fault in both copies. If enough of these faults
accumulate, they can lead to cancer or, if the errors are in reproductive
organs, birth defects. Doctors try to minimize the radiation we receive
and give us as few CAT scans as possible during our lifetime, especially
when we are young and have not yet had children.

MRI

X-rays dominated our ability to see into the human body until the
mid-1970s when Raymond Damadian came up with the idea of using
magnetism. Magnetic fields are not absorbed by bone and present
no danger as they do not damage DNA. Ironically, the technique was
originally known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, ‘NMR, which patients
thought must be dangerous because of the word nuclear. The name was

Functional MRI: Working Memory

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015794
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027394.txt,"Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes
Is Invitation: No

GUID: 884A2AF5-5D3D-4CA6-A977-2BA798AA33C9

Message: Very gay Pakistani

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/06/18 08:16:15 AM (555261375)
Flags: 1150981

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: EBSEOAEI-44AF-4194-8425-B546COEB3496

Message: Im flying in tonight instead. Breakfast tomorrow? We can also do Wednesday

sender:

Time: 08/06/18 08:19:11 AM (555261551)

Flags: 1060865
Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: FBDEO3FO0-6A93-469A-B8A3-705BOFO72F25

Message: Let me work it

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com

Time: 08/06/18 08:19:47 AM (555261587)
Flags: 1085445

Is Read: No

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 411A0F2D-34AF-4324-8E83-AACGE1BBA602B

Message: K

Time: 08/06/18 08:20:16 AM (555261616)
Flags: 1126401

Is Read: Yes

Is Invitation: No

GUID: 993834E0-8D02-474A-902E-55532091F636

r

Message: pencil in tomorrow @ 7

Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com
Time: 08/06/18 08:20:20 AM (555261620)
Flags: 1085445

Ts Read: No

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027394
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019308.txt,"From: Steve Bannon [1] 
Sent: 7/23/2018 12:18:57 AM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Fw: 
Importance: High 
Well played sir 
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T 
From: ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2018 01:58:06 +0200 
To: <L> 
Subject: Re: Fw: 
Hicks? 
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 1:57 AM Steve Bannon < 
Abandon Hope, All Ye Who Enter 
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T 
From: ""jeffrey E."" <j eevacation@gmail. corn> 
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2018 01:51:58 +0200 
To: 
Subject: Re: Fw: 
9th circle 
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 1:26 AM Steve Bannon < 
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T 
From: Benjamin Harnwell < 
Date: Sun, 22 Jul 2018 22:01:54 +0200 
To: Steve Bannon< 
Subject: Re: 
> wrote: 
wrote: 
Bannon the European: He's opening the populist fort in Brussels 
The former Trump strategist arrives in Europe with ""The Movement"". Objective: an alliance between 
right-wing leaders, from Salvini to Orban in view of the 2019 elections 
NEW YORK. The invasion of Europe has begun. Steve Bannon, 65, the American far-right guru who 
was Donald Trump's right-hand man in the White House — but let go last summer following the racist 
violence in Charlottesville — is preparing to march on Brussels. Launching, he told the Daily Beast 
himself, a new non-profit foundation called The Movement, (II Movimento), right in the heart of 
Europe and its institutions. Through which he hopes to coordinate the populist right in view of the 
European elections which will be held in spring 2019. 
Objective: to compete with George Soros, the American billionaire of Hungarian origin, benefactor of 
the Democratic party, who since 1984 with his Open Society has spent at least $32 billion in support of 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019308 
NGOs dealing with human rights. And for this he became the bogeyman of the populist right, accused 
of plots of all kinds: including that of wanting to replace Italians with immigrants in order to have 
labour at low cost. A mantra repeated in the past on Twitter also by the current Minister of the Interior 
Matteo Salvini. 
The ambition of Steve Bannon, former director of the alt-right American site Breitbart — which in the 
European campaign preceded him since the platform had already opened bureaux in London and Rome 
— is therefore to become the coordinator of the one great ""populist international"" of which he has long 
since been dreaming. 
The Movement, in fact, intends to function as an extreme right-wing think tank: a source of strategic 
advice to channel the not-so-politically structured discontent of the most extreme European movements. 
Analysing data and giving strategic advice. But also by raising funds and channeling funding. 
The aim is to create a populist alliance, a sort of ""super group"" that if victorious can conquer up to a 
third of the European Parliament in the elections next May. 
Indeed — putting the common policy of the Old Continent in the hands of Bannon and his own. The 
American strategist is very attached to the Freedom Caucus — the extreme right of the US Congress — 
and in 2014 he was at the top of the Cambridge Analytica company, which in 2016 used data stolen 
from Facebook to try to influence the presidential election from which Donald Trump emerged victor. 
It is not a mystery that for a long time he courts nationalists of the right from East to West. And he has 
already met, among others, the Hungarian Orban, the French Marine Le Pen and the former leader of 
the British separatists Nigel Farage. The latter reappeared, coincidentally, on Friday in Pennsylvania, 
USA, to a fundraiser in favor of the Republican congressman Lou Barletta. Without forgetting the 
Italians of Lega and 5 stars. Of them, he said: ""If it works in Italy, we can import the model anywhere"". 
The Movement, which for now will count on a staff of 10 people, will be fully operational in 2019. In 
short, after the American midterm elections, where Bannon is fighting to influence the primaries 
supporting candidates potentially able to undermine the prospects of Republican establishment. But in 
the future the former spin doctor says he wants to spend more and more time in Europe. Also because 
the relationships with Trump have worsened after the revelations he made to Michael Wolff and 
published in the scandal book ""Fire and Fury"". ""Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Paradise,"" 
Bannon says now paraphrasing the Satan of one of his favorite books, John Milton's Lost Paradise. Hell 
in this case would be the dear old Europe and its democratic values. The ""army of darkness"" is already 
among us. 
In Sacratissimo Corde Iesu et Purissimo Corde Mariae et Castissimo Corde Ioseph. 
******* 
Benjamin Harnwell 
Founder and President of the Board of Trustees 
Dignitatis Humanae Institute 
Istituto Dignitatis Humanae 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019309 
44 Via delle Fornaci 
Roma 00165  
ITALY  
@ben harnwell 
www.dignitatishumanae.corn 
II giorno 22 lug 2018, alle ore 15:38, Steve Bannon > ha scritto: 
What does this say??? 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: Maria Luisa < 
Date: July 22, 2018 at 9:11:58 AM EDT 
To: Steve Bannon < 
<PHOTO-2018-07-22-10-02-17.jpg> 
Sent from my iPhone 
, Preate Alexandra 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019310 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 019311 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011303.txt,"Origins February 24 — 26, 2017
PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Challenges of Artificial Intelligence:
Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes

obesity, non-communicable disease; greater longevity; and lower rates of infant mortality — effectively
stop any serious challenges to the systems being used and further developed.

By 2050, life styles and healthcare across the US and many other parts of the world are governed by Al
systems that have their roots in the early Al-consult technologies. The advice given to people, the
actions that are imposed on them, the way people are persuaded and encouraged to live their lives in
certain ways, are opaque, and are no longer under transparent direct human control. However, most
people live longer, healthier and happier lives as a result.

There remain several concerns:

e There remains some differentiation in health and well-being related quality of life within society. Some
communities and individuals opt out of Al-consult control, although their health-metrics are typically
very poor in comparison with the rest of society.

e Perhaps troublingly, there are some trends that are hard to make sense of. For instance, there seem to
be fewer cases of mental and physical disability than might be expected. However, with Al-consult
controlling healthcare (and health data) across the board, there are few ways for people to analyze and
study these possible trends.

e Lack of transparency can be a starting point for many adverse outcomes.

e Autonomous devices rely on collecting personal data for performing their tasks. But what happens
when a device starts to know more about its owner than the human itself? How do we ensure the
device does not act in ways that would not act in ways that the owner would not want it to? (Of course
the important question of making sure the data under consideration is protected and does not fall into
malicious hands is a whole other discussion, but let us table that for now.) The classic story of the
Target ads comes to mind, where a teenager was sent ads for pregnancy related products, however,
she had not told her family about the pregnancy.

e Systems might as above might move beyond such areas of health, and provide advice to people on both
their daily decisions and longer-term planning. Such systems might evolve to become personal
advocates who represent people to third parties. This would include both giving advice, and formulating
arguments to make to others, or in making those arguments directly as your representative. These
advocate bots will gradually be useful to a larger and larger fraction of the population, eventually being
useful even as corporate legal counsel and as advisers to CEOs. Strong systems and reliance will raise
reasonable alarms about Al control of people and society. How can we be sure that our these highly
relied upon systems are genuinely advocating for us rather than the interests of others?

DISCUSSION

How can we characterize potential high-threat areas and stay aware of these possibilities even if
these effects are insidious, and occur over long periods of time. What might be done to address
potential poor outcomes? How can people maintain skills, agency, and be empowered, and aware
over time with the expected growth and eventual ubiquity of Al systems that advise and guide?

20

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011303
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020160.txt,"administrative zone of China, whose national security apparatus is ultimately controlled by
Beying. Making the possibility of questioning him even more remote, he next went to Russia, a
country which has no extradition treaty with the United States. And Russia granted him asylum.
His escape left in its wake an incredibly-important unsolved mystery: how did a young analyst at
the NSA succeeded in penetrating all the layers of NSA security to pull off the largest theft of
secret documents in the history of American intelligence? Did he act alone? What happened to
documents? Was his arrival in Russia part of the plan?

As I had written several books on the vulnerability of intelligence services, this was a mystery--
a ""how-dunnit"" if you like-- that immediately intrigued me. After all, even if the perpetrator had
acted for the most salutary of reasons, the unauthorized transfer of state secrets to another
country is, by any definition, a form of espionage.

I decided to begin my investigation of this case in Hong Kong because it was the place to
which Snowden first fled after leaving Hawaii. Snowden had planned the trip for at least 4 weeks,
according to the travel plan he had filed at the NSA, I assumed he had a good reason for going
first to Hong Kong. But when I spoke to my sources in the intelligence community, they could
not explain Snowden’s choice of this semi-autonomous zone in China as his initial destination. It
would not protect him from the reach of US law since Hong Kong had an active extradition treaty
with the United States. Just a few months earlier, Hong Kong had made headlines by extraditing
Trent Martin, a fugitive wanted in America for insider-trading, who was arrested in Hong Kong
following an American request to detain him. Martin was then sent back to the United States to
stand trial.

Nor was Hong Kong particularly convenient to Hawaii. There were no non-stop flights to it from
Honolulu. Snowden’s flight took 8 hours and ten minutes just to Narita airport, Japan, where he
had to change planes. After a three hour wait at the airport, it took him five more hours to fly to
Hong Kong. Moreover, at the time he departed Honolulu, Snowden had not yet arranged for
any journalists to meet him in Hong Kong and, as far as US intelligence could determine, he had
no known appointments there. Even so, Snowden carried the digital copies he had made of the
top-secret NSA documents to Hong Kong. General Michael Hayden, who served both as the
head of the NSA and the CIA, told me. “It’s very mysterious why Snowden chose Hong Kong.”
Whatever reason he had for flying to Hong Kong, we can assume it was compelling enough for
him to take the risk that he would be arrested there after US authorities discovered the theft and
invoked the detention provision of its extradition treaty with Hong Kong. It was possible that
Snowden travelled there to see someone other than a journalist. But who?

Using my frequent travel miles, I bought a ticket on Japan Air Lines to Hong Kong. The route,
like that of Snowden’s route the previous year, had a stop-over in Narita Airport in Japan (where,
according to an intelligence source, Snowden was caught on the CCTV cameras waiting in the
transit lounge for his connection to the four and one half flight to Hong Kong).

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020160
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019939.txt,"invariably greeted each other with a kiss and that the adult Jared called his father Daddy.

Neither Donald nor Jared, no matter their domineering fathers, went into the world
with humility. Insecurity was soothed by entitlement. Both out-of-towners who were eager
to prove themselves or lay rightful claim in Manhattan (Kushner from New Jersey, Trump
from Queens), they were largely seen as overweening, smug, and arrogant. Each cultivated
a smooth affect, which could appear more comical than graceful. Neither, by choice nor
awareness, could seem to escape his privilege. “Some people who are very privileged are
aware of it and put it away; Kushner not only seemed in every gesture and word to
emphasize his privilege, but also not to be aware of it,’ said one New York media
executive who dealt with Kushner. Both men were never out of their circle of privilege.
The main challenge they set for themselves was to enter further into the privileged circle.
Social climbing was their work.

Jared’s focus was often on older men. Rupert Murdoch spent a surprising amount of
time with Jared, who sought advice from the older media mogul about the media business
—which the young man was determined to break into. Kushner paid long court to Ronald
Perelman, the billionaire financier and takeover artist, who later would host Jared and
Ivanka in his private shul on Jewish high holy days. And, of course, Kushner wooed
Trump himself, who became a fan of the young man and was uncharacteristically tolerant
about his daughter’s conversion to Orthodox Judaism when that became a necessary next
step toward marriage. Likewise, Trump as a young man had carefully cultivated a set of
older mentors, including Roy Cohn, the flamboyant lawyer and fixer who had served as
right-hand man to the red-baiting Senator Joe McCarthy.

And then there was the harsh fact that the world of Manhattan and particular its living
voice, the media, seemed to cruelly reject them. The media long ago turned on Donald
Trump as a wannabe and lightweight, and wrote him off for that ultimate sin—anyway, the
ultimate sin in media terms—of trying to curry favor with the media too much. His fame,
such as it was, was actually reverse fame—he was famous for being infamous. It was joke
fame.

To understand the media snub, and its many levels of irony, there is no better place to
look than the New York Observer, the Manhattan media and society weekly that Kushner
bought in 2006 for $10 million—by almost every estimate $10 million more than it was
worth.

7 OK Ok

The New York Observer was, when it launched in 1987, a rich man’s fancy, as much failed
media often is. It was a bland weekly chronicle of the Upper East Side, New York’s
wealthiest neighborhood. Its conceit was to treat this neighborhood like a small town. But
nobody took any notice. Its frustrated patron, Arthur Carter, who made his money in the
first generation of Wall Street consolidations, was introduced to Graydon Carter (no

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019939
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013974.txt,"money and make new friends while seeing the world from a local’s perspective.

» The Couchsurfing Project ( www.couchsurfing.com )

Similar to the above but tends to attract a younger, more party-hearty crowd.

» Hospitality Club ( www.hospitalityclub.org )

Meet locals worldwide who can provide free tours or housing through this well-run network of more than
200,000 members in 200+ countries.

Free Worldwide Housing —Long Term

»Home Exchange International (www.homeexchange.com) This is a home exchange listing and
search service with more than 12,000 listings in more than 85 countries. E-mail directly owners of
potential homes, put your own home/apartment on the site, and have unlimited access to view listings for
one year for a small membership fee.

Paid Housing —from Arrival to the Long Haul

= Otalo ( www.otalo.com )

Otalo is a search engine for vacation rentals that searches across the Internet’s many different vacation
rentals sites and 200,000+ homes. Otalo is like a Kayak.com for vacation rentals. The site scours a
variety of other rental search sites and aggregates the results in one easy-to-use search tool.

> Hostels.com ( www.hostels.com )

This site isn’t just for youth hostels. I found a nice hotel in downtown Tokyo for $20 per night and have
used this site for similar housing in eight countries. Think location and reviews (see HotelChatter next)
instead of amenities. Four-star hotels are for binge travelers; this site can offer a real local flavor before
you find an apartment or other longer-term housing.

= HotelChatter ( www.hotelchatter.com )

Get the real scoop on this daily web journal with detailed and honest reviews of housing worldwide.
Updated several times daily, this site offers the stories of frustrated guests and those who have found
hidden gems. Online booking is available.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013974
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028632.txt,"State Budgets and Healthcare costs — Full text articles

How to Charge $546 for Six Liters of Saltwater
Nina Bernstein — New York Times

It is one of the most common components of emergency medicine: an intravenous bag of sterile saltwater.

Luckily for anyone who has ever needed an IV bag to replenish lost fluids or to receive medication, itis also one of the least
expensive. The average manufacturer’s price, according to government data, has fluctuated in recent years from 44 cents to

$1.

Yet there is nothing either cheap or simple about its ultimate cost, as | learned when | tried to trace the commercial path of IV
bags from the factory to the veins of more than 100 patients struck by a May 2012 outbreak of food poisoning in upstate New
York.

Some of the patients’ bills would later include markups of 100 to 200 times the manufacturer’s price, not counting separate
charges for “IV administration.” And on other bills, a bundled charge for “IV therapy” was almost 1,000 times the official cost
of the solution.

It is no secret that medical care in the United States is overpriced. But as the tale of the humble IV bag shows all too clearly, it
is secrecy that helps keep prices high: hidden in the underbrush of transactions among multiple buyers and sellers, and in
the hieroglyphics of hospital bills.

At every step from manufacturer to patient, there are confidential deals among the major players, including drug companies,
purchasing organizations and distributors, and insurers. These deals so obscure prices and profits that even participants
cannot say what the simplest component of care actually costs, let alone what it should cost.

And that leaves taxpayers and patients alike with an inflated bottom line and little or no way to challenge it.
APRICE IN FLUX

In the food-poisoning case, some of the stricken were affluent, and others barely made ends meet. Some had private
insurance; some were covered by government programs like Medicare and Medicaid; and some were uninsured.

In the end, those factors strongly (and sometimes perversely) affected overall charges for treatment, including how much
patients were expected to pay out of pocket. Butat the beginning, there was the cost of an IV bag of normal saline, one of
more than a billion units used in the United States each year.

“People are shocked when they hear that a bag of saline solution costs far less than their cup of coffee in the morning,” said
Deborah Spak, a spokeswoman for Baxter International, one of three global pharmaceutical companies that make nearly all
the IV solutions used in the United States.

It was a rare unguarded comment. Ms. Spak — like a spokesman for Hospira, another giant in the field — later insisted that
all information about saline solution prices was private.

In fact, manufacturers are required to report such prices annually to the federal government, which bases Medicare
payments on the average national price plus 6 percent. The limit for one liter of normal saline (a little more than a quart) went
to $1.07 this year from 46 cents in 2010, an increase manufacturers linked to the cost of raw materials, fuel and
transportation. That would seem to make it the rare medical item that is cheaper in the United States than in France, where
the price at a typical hospital in Paris last year was 3.62 euros, or $4.73. One-liter IV bags normally contain nine grams of
salt, less than two teaspoons. Much of it comes from a major Morton Salt operation in Rittman, Ohio, which uses a
subterranean salt deposit formed millions of years ago. The water is local to places like Round Lake, Ill., or Rocky Mount,
N.C., where Baxter and Hospira, respectively, run their biggest automated production plants under sterility standards set by
the Food and Drug Administration.

But even before the finished product is sold by the case or the truckload, the real cost of a bag of normal saline, like the true

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028632
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011465.txt,"13. Plaintiffs failure to pay her personal tax obligations is relevant to her character for
truthfulness (Motion in Limine 13) oo... eeeeeseesseeeseesseesseeseeceseesseesaeceseesseesaeeeseesseeeaees 22

14. Plaintiff's husband’s domestic violence against her in March 2015 is probative of other
intervening causes of emotional distress and related damages (Motion in Limine 14) 23

15. Plaintiffs lies about her age and the year she met Mr. Epstein must be exposed to the
Jury (Motion in Limine 15)... eee eeeceeseesseeseeesseessecseeesceeseecnseesaeeseeceseeaeesseeeeesseesaees 24

16. All of Plaintiff's medical records are relevant to Plaintiff's damages claims (Motion in
Limine 16) oo. eeeessceseecsseesseesseceseesseesseeeseessaesseeeseeesseeseessceeseecsasesaeeseecsseesaeeaeseseereeeaees 25

17. The Parties agree to preclusion of all documents and discussion of the Jane Doe 102
case, including the settlement of those claims (Motion in Limine 17) «0.0... eeeeeeeeees 26

18. The Cassell/Edwards v. Dershowitz litigation is relevant and admissible (Motion in
Limine 18) oo. eeeesseesseceseesseesseceseesseesseceseesseeeseeeseeessesseessaeeseecseeesaeesaecsseesseeseeeeeeseessees 26

19. Judge Marra’s ruling is relevant and admissible (Motion in Limine 19)... eee 29

20. The transcript of the tape recording of Mr. Dershowitz’s conversation with Rebecca

Boylan is admissible (Motion 1n Limine 20)... ceececesessseeseeceeeeseeneeceseeseeneeeeeerseeeaees 31
C. Plaintiff's Remaining Motions In Limine Are Premature and Request an Unnecessary

Advisory Opinion (Motions in Limine 21-29)... eeeessesseceseesseeeseeeseeeseeeneceseeeeseeseeenseees 32
L, “Bae Acie” ber PISS Cee eenesannsecnenmnmsncenssemesnenarmumneenonmn seme, emmenenenerasmeneensrs 34

2. Discussion of missing witnesses and absence of evidence is appropriate, and missing
WiISSS THSUUELLOT: Hida WS TEQUESICT sresemmenmmncerssen ssevermsemmeemecmmenns eremmmmnumemnsmnerssse 35
CONCLUSION sis.1s.csscssssesssssanir.as co. seei rsa os. cen i SENSES SO ld SOTERA A.A £8 EERE 36
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 00... cececessssseseeeseeseeeseesesscescesseesessesaeceeeeeeseesaeeaeeeeaeeceeaeeeaeeaaeseenes 38

ii

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011465
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019087.txt,"And not everyone is inclined to support the same causes. A fundraiser and
public relations expert of extraordinary ability recognizes this—can find,
target, and approach the correct people for their cause, and then recruit them
with the correct individual enticements. Repeating myself, this is a very
difficult thing to pull off. Hillwas able to pull this off amazingly, not only
with great efficiency and success, but with also great ease and grace; and she
is on a roll—and it doesn’t look like she will stop anytime soon.

These are my qualified opinions: I am no stranger to raising money for
children. Every year, I travel all across the country and the world to perform
magic for children’s hospital wards, burn units and juvenile wards, including
Spofford, Bridges, Horizon, and Crossroads. I spent time performing magic
for Paul Newman and the children diagnosed with serious illnesses at the
Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, among many other charitable activities.

I’ve been discussing with HB how we can work together in raising
money for children and education. Therefore, | wholeheartedly support her
visa application. If her visa application is approved, I don’t see why we
wouldn’t combine our unique forms of magic and help the world’s children!

Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions or
concerns.

Best Regards,

David Blaine

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019087
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032223.txt,"From: Kathy Ruem er rrr

Sent: 8/27/2015 2:18:39 AM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Going up to NY Friday morning. Think I am going to drive. I will then stop to pee and get gas at a rest stop on
the New Jersey turnpike, will observe all of the people there who are at least 100 pounds overweight, will have
a mild panic attack as a result of the observation, and will then decide that I am not eating another bite of food
for the rest of my life out of fear that I will end up like one of these people.

Sent from my iPad

On Aug 26, 2015, at 10:09 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

ill give you details when i see you, when are you in ny?

On Wed, Aug 26, 2015 at 9:28 PM, Kathy Ruemmler Po wrote:
Trump is living proof of the adage that it is better to be lucky than smart.

Sent from my iPad

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032223
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032453.txt,"From: Robert Kuhn 
Sent: 2/3/2017 3:37:10 PM 
To: jeffrey E. [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Re: Kuhn 
Importance: High 
Thanks; looking forward. 
On Feb 3, 2017, at 6:11 AM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
im in on the 9 th and 10th 
On Fri, Feb 3, 2017 at 1:02 AM, Robert Kuhn 
When to meet? Weekend OK. 
wrote: 
On Jan 22, 2017, at 4:32 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote: 
look forward to it 
On Sun, Jan 22, 2017 at 2:33 PM, Robert Kuhn wrote: 
Just got to New York - love to meet, brainstorm. 
From Washington, my inauguration-day commentary and conversation with Chinese experts on Sino-US 
relations under Trump - https://youtu.be/OGdulpmeVNM?list=PLt-M8o1W GdSZbSuplmsSS5JZzlhIWpGb 
Earlier interview on BBC ""What Chinese think of Trump"" - two minute excerpt 
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04m9b4  
Looking forward, Robert 
On Jan 11, 2017, at 2:51 AM, Robert L. Kuhn wrote: 
Dear Jeffrey: 
Attached, as promised, is our proposal for Closer To Truth to produce the definitive television series on ""The 
Science of Sleep and Dreams"" - 13 episodes, a full season, on —200 PBS stations, plus extensive web videos. 
Contemporary advances in sleep/dream research makes timing propitious. 
Three documents: 
1) Proposal (12 pages) 
2) Budget (line item) 
3) Schedule (weekly) 
Please confirm receipt. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032453 
I'll be in New York from January 19 until about February 8. Love to meet - on Sleep/Dreams and all sorts of 
fun stuff to cheer our 2017. 
Robert 
<Closer To Truth - The Science of Sleep & Dreams — CTT TV Episodes & Web Videos - Jeffrey Epstein VI 
Foundation - 1.10.17.docx><Closer To Truth - The Science of Sleep & Dreams - Series Budget - 
1.10.17.xls><Closer To Truth - Sleep and Dreams - Series Schedule-Timeline - 1.9.17.xlsx> 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 032454 
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026934.txt,"From: Larry Visoski i

Sent: 12/23/2018 10:57:55 PM

To: Je vacation [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: LSJ Trip

Jeffrey

Since Pres Trump didn’t come to PBI Yet,
For you departure to LSJ on Dec 26th,, should Darren and Dave pick you up in PBI? Or do you prefer Boca
for departure, at this time no TSA issue in PBI,,

Let me know if you prefer PBI or Boca for departure wed Dec 26th?
Thx
Larry

Sent from my iPhone

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026934
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025874.txt,"From: David Stern

Sent: 1/22/2015 2:48:23 PM
To: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Subject: Re:

Importance: — High

Understood

On 22 Jan 2015, at 15:46, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

no, the govt opposed her joining, nothing more. the only thing that can be proven, is that her story re clinton
is totlaly nade up, he was never ever there and the press shoudl be challenged to prove it. secret service

records as wlell as local virgin isalds support will clearly prove he was never there,

she detailed how he

arrived, "" black heli flown by ghislane . LIES sitting on my left lies. all bulshit and as it is the only non he

said she said argument 1 think it should be stressed

On Thu, Jan 22, 2015 at 9:42 AM, David Ste

Can you confirm Doe 3 has been thrown out of the case against the US gov to reopen ?

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025874
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024291.txt,"CASE STUDY: ChangeTip

Changelip enables a “tipping” feature using Bitcoin on other companies’ websites. It
has built a Bitcoin micropayment platform that is currently integrated with Twitter,
GitHub, Reddit, Google+, Tumblr, and YouTube.

We believe that ChangeTip’s micro transaction platform is poised to be the financial
equivalent of the “Like” button, and enabling new mechanisms for premium online
constant to be monetized.

Social Accounts by Date

ym of Tips

a
oS
.
= ACh
: 3
ChangeTip j
2
Mar “4 Apr 14 May “14 Jun '14 Jul “4 Aug ""4 Sep “4 Oct 4 Now ""4
Da
— oe — T
DataHero
a)
=) BLOCKCHAIN
Ye a/ . . .
maut? CAPITAL ONE FERRY BUILDING, SUITE 255 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 investor@blockchain.capital

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024291
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016925.txt,"depend somewhat on the goals of the people within the organization, but they are not
identical.

Any American knows how loose the tie is between the actions of the U.S.
government and the diverse and often contradictory aims of its citizens. That is also true
of corporations. For-profit corporations nominally serve multiple constituencies,
including shareholders, senior executives, employees, and customers. These corporations
differ in how they balance their loyalties and often behave in ways that serve none of
their constituents. The “neurons” that carry their corporate thought are not just the
human employees or the technologies that connect them; they are also coded into the
policies, incentive structures, culture, and procedural habits of the corporation. The
emergent corporate goals do not always reflect the values of the people who implement
them. For instance, an oil company led and staffed by people who care about the
environment may have incentive structures or policies that cause it to compromise
environmental safety for the sake of corporate earnings. The components’ good
intentions are not a guarantee of the emergent system’s good behavior.

Governments and corporations, both built partly of humans, are naturally
motivated to at least appear to share the goals of the humans they depend upon. They
could not function without the people, so they need to keep them cooperative. When
such organizations appear to behave altruistically, this is often part of their motive. I
once complimented the CEO of a large corporation on the contribution his company
made toward a humanitarian relief effort. The CEO responded, without a trace of irony,
“Yes. We have decided to do more things like that to make our brand more likeable.”
Individuals who compose a hybrid superintelligence may occasionally exert a
“humanizing” influence—for example, an employee may break company policies to
accommodate the needs of another human. The employee may act out of true human
empathy, but we should not attribute any such empathy to the superintelligence itself.
These hybrid machines have goals, and their citizens/customers/employees are some of
the resources they use to accomplish them.

We are close to being able to build superintelligences out of pure information
technology, without human components. This is what people normally refer to as
“artificial intelligence,” or AI. It is reasonable to ask what the attitudes of the
hypothetical machine superintelligences will be toward humans. Will they, too, see
humans as useful resources and a good relationship with us as worth preserving? Will
they be constructed to have goals that are aligned with our own? Will a superintelligence
even see these questions as important? What are the “right questions” that we should be
asking? I believe that one of the most important 1s this: What relationship will various
superintelligences have to one another?

It is interesting to consider how the hybrid superintelligences currently deal with
conflicts among themselves. Today, much of the ultimate power rests in the nation
states, which claim authority over a patch of ground. Whether they are optimized to act
in the interests of their citizens or those of a despotic ruler, nation states assert priority
over other intelligences’ desires or goals within their geographic dominion. They claim a
monopoly on the use of force and recognize only other nation states as peers. They are
willing, if necessary, to demand great sacrifices of their citizens to enforce their authority,
even to the point of sacrificing their citizens’ lives.

122

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016925
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033385.txt,"and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@qmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,

including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033385
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022838.txt,"the use of the addressee. It is the property of

JEE

Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_022838
"
IMAGES-006-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021978.txt,"James PATTERSON

But it seems that Epstein did work hard to untangle Wexner's
finances. And it appears he succeeded. “Jeffrey cleaned that up
right away,” 4 former associate of Epstein’s says.

The two men became all but inseparable.

“Very smart, with a combination of excellent judgment and
unusually high standards,” Wexner said of Epstein at the time.
“Also, he is always a most loyal friend.”

When Wexner wanted to break up with a woman he'd been
dating for several years — a woman who moved to Ohio and con-
verted to Judaism to make him happy — he dispatched Epstein
to do the dirty work.

When Wexner hired a decorator for his Ohio mansion and
wanted someone to verify the authenticity of several expensive
antiques, Epstein flew in his friend Stuart Pivar, the renowned
art collector and author. (According to Pivar, most of the antiques
were cheap imitations.) When Wexner traveled abroad, he'd
bring back trinkets and gifts for Epstein. When Wexner wanted
to see Cats, Epstein arranged to have the cast perform in his

mansion.

In Ohio, Wexner’s associates whispered about his relationship 7

with Jeffrey Epstein. In New York, they wondered about Epstein'’s 4

role in Wexner’s 1993 marriage to Abigail Koppel.

At thirty-one, Koppel was twenty-four years Wexner’s junior. ;
It was Epstein who negotiated the prenuptial agreement and
orchestrated its very strange signing. Abigail signed the agree f
ment in her law office. Wexner signed it in his office. According ©

to an associate of Epstein’s who was present, Epstein brought a
Sports Illustrated swimsuit model along to Wexner's office, as if

if

120

Fu

to make the point that ther:
world. As a joke, Epstein pl
belly and had Wexner sign it
Epstein asked his friend:
“Yes, Jeffrey,” said Wexne
“It was an uproarious sce
Jeffrey being Jeffrey. That wa

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021978
"
IMAGES-009-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026920.txt,"11. S&P 500: Returns Based on Time Until Next Recession

= Median 6m Price Return

8% 4
6% |

4% -

Average 6m Price Return

4% ~

6% |

-8% ~

2% ~

3.7%

44%

5.8%

® % of Positive Price Returns (rhs)

64%

45%

0% -

2% -

31 to 36

25 to 30

19 to 24

13 to 18

Months Priorto Recession

Source: Investment Strategy Group, Bloomberg.

7 to12

-5.7%

1to6

; 100%

| 90%

+ 80%

| 70%

+ 60%

50%

+ 40%

| 30%

r 20%

+ 10%

© 0%

% of Positive Price Returns

Of course, none of the supportive factors discussed above precludes further bouts of equity volatility.
As we highlighted at the beginning of the year, the historical probability of a 5% or greater correction
from current valuation levels was 96%. Yet these statistics alone do not justify underweighting
equities, since such pullbacks often occur after sizable equity rallies, as this year reminds us.

Moreover, such pullbacks are quite normal historically. After all, stocks have suffered a median of two
pullbacks of at least 5% and one of at least 10% per calendar year in the post-WWII period, leaving
both the frequency and magnitude of this year’s dips in line with past experience. Most importantly,
years that experienced a similar number of pullbacks as 2018 nonetheless ended with a median gain
of 6% and had 77% odds of a positive return.

Conclusion

Although we have painted a less alarmist view of recent market weakness, we are by no means
Pollyannaish. While bull markets do not die of old age, they do become more susceptible to ailments
over time. Yet as we survey the tug of war between the steady factors and the unsteady undertow,
we do not think the balance of risks is strong enough to topple the ongoing US expansion and the
continued growth of corporate earnings it supports.

That said, this viewpoint does not preclude further market volatility and the market may still make new
lows if the current downdraft persists. But history suggests the bull market is likely to continue until
about 5-6 months prior to the end of this economic expansion. Thus, it will take a significant increase
in the odds of an imminent recession to provide the trigger—that has been lacking thus far—to
tactically underweight equities. In the interim, we continue to recommend that clients maintain their
strategic allocation to US equities.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026920
"
IMAGES-008-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025860.txt,"2010

May 10

OGIS’s staff
increases to its
current size of
seven

July 14

OGIS opens its
300th case
August 24
Director Nisbet
represents OGIS at

OGIS 2013 cases by category

15 (3%)

117 (23%)

227 (46%)

138 (28%)

®@ Denial

m Delay

™ General Assistance
@ Fees

the 7th National Transparency Week
Conference in Mexico City, Mexico
December 6

Director Nisbet participates in the
Council of Governmental Ethics Laws

annual conference

OGIS opens its 500th case
December 10

OGIS submits its first comments on
agency FOIA regulations

Sailor adjusts clock. (NARA Identifier 6422494)

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025860
"
IMAGES-007-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024285.txt,"CCP Il - STRATEGY AND MAKE-UP

Diversified Sector-specific

50% New CCP II investments

30% Reserves for CCP II follow-on rounds
20% Option to use CCP |’s follow-on rights
Leverage our network and industry expertise to find

investments that utilize Blockchain technologies and help
these portfolio companies disrupt legacy industries.

Access to CCP’s early seed deals as well as future deals

/ BLOCKCHAIN

ONE FERRY BUILDING, SUITE 255 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 investor@blockchain.capital

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024285
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012178.txt,"a

KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP
8. ALL IDENTIFIED VICTIMS BE PUT IN SAME POSITION AS IF EPSTEIN
HAD BEEN TRIED.

Mr. Sloman’s Leiter:

e “The Agreement provides for a method of compensation for the victims such that they
would be placed in the same position as if Epstein had been convicted of one of the
enumerated offenses set forth in Title 18, United States Code Section, 2255.”

Id.
The Truth:

¢ Mr. Sloman continues to mischaracterize the highly irregular provisions of the Deferred
Prosecution Agreement. The SDFL did not merely attempt to preserve the compensation
rights of those it identified as victims; it attempted to create compensation rights for those
it identified, without imposing on them the burden of proving that they were in fact
victims under § 2255.

o In the Deferred Prosecution Agreement, the SDFL required Mr. Epstein to waive
the right to contest lability under 18 U.S.C. § 2255 as to a list of individuals that
the SDFL would not disclose to Mr. Epstein until after he was sentenced and to
pay for an attorney to secure compensation under § 2255 for those undisclosed
individuals, or if they decided to sue Mr. Epstein.

oO § 2255 ordinarily provides individuals with a right to recover minimum guaranteed
damages of $150,000, without having to prove actual damages, only if: (1) they
were victims of an enumerated federal offense, including offenses under 18 U.S.C.
§§ 2422 and 2423, (2) they were minors at the time of the offense, and most
importantly (3) they were personally injured as a result of the offense.

o The defense has confirmed examples of women who testified that they were not
victims of Mr. Epstein and suffered no personal injury. These women were,
nevertheless, on the list of “victims” identified by the government. . In fact, when
confronted with the testimony of a women who denied both being a victim and
incurring personal injury, Ms. Villafana actually acknowledged such testimony.
To justify inclusion of that woman on the government’s list, however, Ms.
Villafana then challenged her own witness’s credibility.

e For this reason, it is false to state that these “identified” individuals are in the same
position that they would have been had Epstein been convicted at trial. Had there been a
trial, Mr. Epstein would have had a right to confront these individuals through cross-
examination. Any individual that did not establish that she was a minor victim of conduct
that satisfied each element of an enumerated statute under § 2255,or that she suffered
personal injury, would not qualify for any treatment under § 2255. However, under the
Deferred Prosecution Agreement, as an “identified individual” on the government’s list,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012178
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033391.txt,"From: J [jeevacation@gmail.com]

Sent: 11/20/2018 6:44:25 PM

To: Larry Summers

Subject: Re:

steady crazy , but now frightened... yes quiet. .. lets see if the pace picks up or slows. she's already

begining to sound needy :) nice

On Tue, Nov 20, 2018 at 1:36 PM Larry Summers wrote:

Think no response for a while probably appropriate.
Just had lunch w Jamie D

Is trump getting crazier as many of my pals think or is it steady crazy.

Sent from my iPhone

Please direct all scheduling inquiries to my office at: ee

Follow me on twitter @lhsummers
www.larrysummers.com

Begin forwarded message:

From: Keyu Jin is

Date: November 20, 2018 at 12:46:35 PM EST

To: Larry Summers

Did RA come back with answers to the yellow highlighted? did you take a look at the section that was written
up? apart from your revision of intro there was the first section.

Keyu Jin

please note
The information contained in this communication is
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may
constitute inside information, and is intended only for
the use of the addressee. It is the property of
JEE
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033391
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016931.txt,"WILL COMPUTERS BECOME OUR OVERLORDS?
Venki Ramakrishnan

Venki Ramakrishnan is a scientist at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of
Molecular Biology, Cambridge University; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
(2009); current president of the Royal Society; and the author of Gene Machine: The
Race to Discover the Secrets of the Ribosome.

A former colleague of mine, Gérard Bricogne, used to joke that carbon-based intelligence
was simply a catalyst for the evolution of silicon-based intelligence. For quite a long
time, both Hollywood movies and scientific Jeremiahs have been predicting our eventual
capitulation to our computer overlords. We all await the singularity, which always seems
to be just over the horizon.

In a sense, computers have already taken over, facilitating virtually every aspect
of our lives—from banking, travel, and utilities to the most intimate personal
communication. I can see and talk to my grandson in New York for free. I remember
when I first saw the 1968 movie 200/: A Space Odyssey, the audience laughed at the
absurdly cheap cost of a picturephone call from space: $1.70, at a time when a long-
distance call within the U.S. was $3 per minute.

However, the convenience and power of computers is also something of a
Faustian bargain, for it comes with a loss of control. Computers prevent us from doing
things we want. Try getting on a flight if you arrive at the airport and the airline
computer systems are down, as happened not so long ago to British Airways at Heathrow.
The planes, pilots, and passengers were all there; even the air-traffic controls were
working. But no flights for that airline were allowed to take off. Computers also make
us do things we don’t want—by generating mailing lists and print labels to send us all
millions of pieces of unwanted mail, which we humans have to sort, deliver, and dispose
of.

But you ain’t seen nothing yet. In the past, we programmed computers using
algorithms we understood at least in principle. So when machines did amazing things
like beating world chess champion Garry Kasparov, we could say that the victorious
programs were designed with algorithms based on our own understanding—using, in this
instance, the experience and advice of top grandmasters. Machines were simply faster at
doing brute-force calculations, had prodigious amounts of memory, and were not prone to
errors. One article described Deep Blue’s victory not as that of a computer, which was
just a dumb machine, but as the victory of hundreds of programmers over Kasparov, a
single individual.

That way of programming is changing dramatically. After a long hiatus, the
power of machine learning has taken off. Much of the change came when programmers,
rather than trying to anticipate and code for every possible contingency, allowed
computers to train themselves on data, using deep neural networks based on models of
how our own brains learn. They use probabilistic methods to “learn” from large
quantities of data; computers can recognize patterns and come up with conclusions on
their own. A particularly powerful method is called reinforcement learning, by which the
computer learns, without prior input, which variables are important and how much to

128

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016931
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027594.txt,"Source Entry: H\Macintosh HD\root\Users\jee\Library\Messages\Archive\2019 -03 -31\111 
11111111111111 on 2019-03-31 at 16.09.51.ichat 
Service: SMS 
Start Time: 03/09/19 04:16:31 PM (573869791) 
End Time: 03/31/19 01:09:51 PM (575755791) 
Last Message ID: 26848 
Chat Room: 
Participants: jee, 
Presentity IDs: e:, 
Messages - 
Sender: 
Time: 03/09/19 04:16:31 PM (573869791) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ED8EF9AF-F9AC-454C-A230-8B2DC99179BD 
Message: Trying to lift Abe on world stage as key to Bolsanoro, Orban salvini--- this 
is what his guys want that's why I included it 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/10/19 04:30:18 AM (573910218) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4E217108-E3D1-4F8D-88C6-B9735E6AF8A4 
Message: i sent you an emal 
Sender: 
Time: 03/10/19 06:48:29 AM (573918509) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8COAAFB6-3B7D-44F5-95B0-70C5160B7205 
Message: K 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 05:28:54 AM (574086534) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DC5A095B-5D54-4913-8C7A-1FE118DCA067 
Message: Do you have a copy of brink? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027594 
Sender: 
Time: 03/12/19 05:31:02 AM (574086662) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DCBF4B6F-7AF1-4739-97F9-21AEFOAE94FF 
Message: No-- haven't seen entire deal 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 06:34:34 AM (574090474) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 60BDDEB4-A9BE-434D-A318-E2OCB9236E88 
Message: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/11/nyregion/deutsche-bank-
trump.html?emc=edit NN p 20190312&amp;n1=morning-
briefing&amp;nlid=85691347ion%3DwhatElse§ion=whatElse&amp;te=1 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 06:34:38 AM (574090478) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 88F1A2B6-D88D-4D27-956C-2FE927DCB4F9 
Message: Martin act 
Sender: 
Time: 03/12/19 06:37:07 AM (574090627) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2D120F35-3202-4101-8AC4-EF6EDB4F1C47 
Message: The martin act??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 06:37:40 AM (574090660) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7B17760D-ABB4-49D0-83CA-30B96778284C 
Message: Eliott Spitzer is said to have revived the law during his tenure as Attorney 
General. [61 In 2001, his office launched a Martin Act investigation against Merrill 
Lynch for suspected fraud. [61 When the investigation was made public, Merrill's market 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027595 
value dropped $5 billion in one week. [61 Ultimately, Merill settled, agreeing to pay a 
$100 million fine and change the way its analysts are paid to head off possible 
criminal charges that it misled investors with tainted stock research. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 06:39:43 AM (574090783) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5DCE1D10-8D40-4A60-8DE2-7CE325AB44EF 
Message: Criminally, the attorney general may assume a prosecutorial rule to punish 
both misdemeanors and felonies. Misdemeanors are punishable by a fine of up to $500 or 
imprisonment of up to one year, or both. [21 Felonies carry a penalty of up to four 
years of imprisonment. [21 Judicial Interpretation 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 02:46:08 PM (574119968) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9F9B5E4F-45FB-4D49-8EC5-1EFF91865C4B 
Message: Djt. Now really down on pence 
Sender: 
Time: 03/12/19 02:46:31 PM (574119991) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DF997BF3-7BBC-462E-8FDE-9AC59BA56EA5 
Message: How did u hear and why is he 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 02:46:55 PM (574120015) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 35CFEDBO-FBCB-46B1-B76B-54178F2A34B6 
Message: thinks Pompeo would be better vp 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 02:47:12 PM (574120032) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027596 
GUID: AC144985-84CC-4A9F-9E7E-B67C5DD6A472 
Message: Says pence not really loyal 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 02:47:38 PM (574120058) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FE4B9F05-CBC1-439E-A0E1-4B2B13565A5F 
Message: And yes he did ask Kelly to get rid of jared , and then jared to get rid of 
Kelly. Par for the course 
Sender: 
Time: 03/12/19 02:50:06 PM (574120206) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 072B9848-FEBD-4E7F-B8AC-63DCF5C936BD 
Message: This is why things fucked up 
Sender: 
Time: 03/12/19 02:50:17 PM (574120217) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E5D9098C-OACD-48C4-8B9A-D5AC47AFCA38 
Message: Pompeo much better VP 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 02:56:21 PM (574120581) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9426E688-AC7F-49AB-90C4-5113F2204BE2 
Message: remarkable that the British pound is solid in the face of the Brexit vote. I 
assume the market believes an extension of time 
Sender: 
Time: 03/12/19 03:00:23 PM (574120823) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 566CBBBB-8E20-4B7B-A79D-2EA4BD16CFBB 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027597 
Message: Hard out no deal best outcome 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 03:01:20 PM (574120880) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ODF411F8-7155-47C8-836F-D286379E8020 
Message: Yes , agreed but if that were likely currency should anticipate. ? lets see. 
It hasn't moved 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/12/19 03:01:27 PM (574120887) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 05FE3BB2-A07F-4809-BC49-378B9170B584 
Message: One way or the other 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/13/19 11:22:18 AM (574194138) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 74E81221-C354-4C81-BA46-EE3B62661924 
Message: Manafort new. York charges. Emblematic of things to come 
Sender: ___________________ 
Time: 03/13/19 11:26:12 AM (574194372) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 51135ED7-53A3-490E-8B72-5FD5A26C588B 
Message: Saw that-- shit just got real 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/13/19 11:27:14 AM (574194434) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F148B273-6A6B-4C82-B62D-2BFF930296E9 
Message: His choice now is to risk. Attica 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027598 
Sender: 
Time: 03/13/19 11:27:52 AM (574194472) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 61622121-1B93-4B1E-A8E3-F6CC98A4FFE4 
Message: Will they let his wheelchair up there 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/14/19 12:55:38 PM (574286138) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 14C4954F-OAFC-4722-B31D-DlED412326CF 
Message: https://www.npr.org/2019/03/14/703108073/top-mueller-prosecutor-stepping-down-
in-latest-clue-russia-inguiry-may-be-ending?ft=nprml&amp;f=1001 
Sender: 
Time: 03/14/19 12:57:28 PM (574286248) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D116949F-47E6-4B5F-9A3C-841A9563182F 
Message: Band is breaking up 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/15/19 04:48:57 PM (574386537) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 63A9F429-9767-4A7D-ACC7-CEDDD0526139 
Message: And he's the lead singer 
Sender: 
Time: 03/15/19 04:54:50 PM (574386890) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 836F8964-3B9B-41FD-9D1A-593B2DD890B3 
Message: And guitarist 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/16/19 09:13:15 AM (574445595) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027599 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1D47940E-6CCE-4C8C-A65E-5FD9COBC4FA4 
Message: Our girl is going to reach out to 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/16/19 09:13:17 AM (574445597) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 670C2226-4CA9-4310-B994-D38A231A35BB 
Message: you 
Sender: 
Time: 03/16/19 09:52:26 AM (574447946) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6988EDEA-01DB-4689-B632-41283F0A2DF7 
Message: ??? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/16/19 03:25:18 PM (574467918) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AF79E1C1-896D-40E1-BCD5-615FA1DDA658 
Message: Oh 'the next future ex-mrs. bannon'??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/17/19 06:57:56 AM (574523876) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9C822BAF-D873-428E-9E68-25FD2DD9CCF0 
Message: Bolsonaro a good segue 
Sender: 
Time: 03/17/19 07:59:13 AM (574527553) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027600 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4B9F0616-62AD-438D-8353-47339CF4D50A 
Message: Yes yes yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/17/19 07:59:56 AM (574527596) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: lEBB3DC3-16D4-4A4B-8113-2DE76BOAF922 
Message: Im in ny tonight and tomorrow then off to see micro 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
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Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3821030A-560C-4146-8AA8-83CB2F0632C9 
Message: Miro 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/17/19 01:22:43 PM (574546963) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DB607F20-8666-43ED-A1A6-6A92D0980380 
Message: Reminder. I fully understand my toxicity for the moment . and I want you to 
win. !! . so no awkwardness . 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/17/19 01:23:18 PM (574546998) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 51A6E960-2738-45D4-B1C1-A6BA8D55C4C8 
Message: Almost finished with my cure for cancer 
Sender: 
Time: 03/17/19 02:01:58 PM (574549318) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D96670F3-6EB8-46C2-BA4F-A45C4378E4B6 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027601 
Message: ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/18/19 03:10:38 AM (574596638) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4C4682E6-EEF7-43DE-8697-C312705B9A49 
Message: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/18/saudi-crown-prince-allegedly-
stripped-of-some-authority 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/19/19 04:45:35 AM (574688735) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F51C875B-0D69-418D-A4AF-2FC4C37E28BF 
Message: in slovakia, the left woman NGO no experience , leading to be president 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/19/19 04:45:44 AM (574688744) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 29810749-3FAE-489F-87E8-C979E62F9E29 
Message: miro amazed 
Sender: 
Time: 03/19/19 05:02:39 AM (574689759) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5D01F5AB-6DEC-4600-9F48-D4CDFD59827D 
Message: Miro should be in hunt 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/19/19 05:03:23 AM (574689803) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 83EF3193-AD40-47D9-8412-DF461067E474 
Message: hes not a honey badger 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027602 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 09:34:01 AM (574792441) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2E1CD709-4DA3-4DED-8CB4-2C0B513EEC2B 
Message: Im in Paris if you would like to see reid and me 
Sender: 
Time: 03/20/19 09:34:29 AM (574792469) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F3ADB104-0177-4B3B-B8C7-13CED60C4023 
Message: Just got to Rome -- do big speech tomorrow 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 09:34:34 AM (574792474) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 62172EBB-BF02-4268-87F0-73A7B7E94E06 
Message: I know 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 09:34:49 AM (574792489) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C51AA97F-880E-4E20-ACA7-442F601EDB62 
Message: We re here for next 6 days 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 09:38:44 AM (574792724) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 08FE1036-3704-4B9E-8CB4-8014CC65FDB6 
Message: My girl will wait on your call 
Sender: 
Time: 03/20/19 09:40:52 AM (574792852) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027603 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D4639AE5-ABF6-4902-BDC9-84F563B6FD1B 
Message: Cool 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 10:55:58 AM (574797358) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3FDF36EF-F026-41DB-9F7C-86B6843BC465 
Message: Would you like to meet me and micro in Vienna fri or sat 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 11:27:20 AM (574799240) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F731412C-E3FC-4298-B98A-7B49DB318B9E 
Message: I'm all for it! I just have to see the Prime Minister at 4pm, so I can be in 
Vienna for early dinner, like 6pm. And I can offer my Ambassador's residence as a nice, 
quiet venue. But of course, ready to go anyplace. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/20/19 03:55:31 PM (574815331) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8B292317-E2A2-48C5-B50E-72OFF636AEFE 
Message: I wil land Vienna at 5 . Do I need to organize transport. I will travel 
with three assistant s. 0 
Sender: 
Time: 03/20/19 03:56:19 PM (574815379) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 56AA324C-43EE-439C-B55E-E1B82DEC45FC 
Message: I've already got a full sked I'm trying to rework 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/21/19 12:58:39 PM (574891119) 
Flags: 1085445 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027604 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: Cl6ED234-7923-4537-986C-76C748C7FCOD 
Message: Come to Vienna . Europe is waiting for you. Brazil and Latin America 
brilliant move 
Sender: 
Time: 03/21/19 01:34:34 PM (574893274) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9856F5FD-3C44-4F16-BE3C-FD4CEE7A3DAA 
Message: Can we do it Sunday or is that too late 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/21/19 01:36:25 PM (574893385) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DA0C4B75-615F-4B42-B1F7-B850B77905D8 
Message: Too late. . no worry. , if you like come to Paris and have lunch with 
Jacques lang. . former minister of culture , macrons new advisor. And great 
friend, it was Jacques idea to build the pyramid in front of the Louvre and refresh 
all of Paris in the 90s 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/21/19 01:37:20 PM (574893440) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DAFC3623-720D-4462-A603-1BAD5EEDE4EB 
Message: His budget was a multiple of the defense budget in charge of education 
culture and institutions Louvre opera etc 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/21/19 01:45:34 PM (574893934) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8377B966-DDBF-40FD-83FC-71793BF2E12D 
Message: I asked and you would be invited to his home . No press 
Sender: 
Time: 03/21/19 01:56:09 PM (574894569) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027605 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 673C79C8-45C5-4B02-AE83-FADD5ODD35FE 
Message: Yes he is a legend :: 
Sender: 111111111111 
Time: 03/21/19 01:56:20 PM (574894580) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2318EEFB-F08D-4079-AA6E-DCF6F2195FE3 
Message: Let me work the sked 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/21/19 01:57:06 PM (574894626) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A3924C1B-1655-4AF1-B3FE-DB217F55DDF7 
Message: Cool . He super smart , passionate but less like Chomsky he knows his facts 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/22/19 04:38:01 AM (574947481) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9AA0B66F-47AD-45F2-874D-EE94E9BC7D6B 
Message: <Unsupported Message Content> 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/22/19 05:19:13 AM (574949953) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4C2DA2A1-84FE-4678-9BB9-AFO5F63E8404 
Message: Wearing the emblem of the movement 
Sender: 
Time: 03/22/19 06:33:51 AM (574954431) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027606 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B60D5918-1DB8-4ADO-970B-94875630EE70 
Message: LMAO 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/22/19 10:02:52 AM (574966972) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6C762983-00F3-43FE-B2DO-B037BB5E2493 
Message: Do you think you might make Paris 
Sender: 
Time: 03/22/19 11:55:10 AM (574973710) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 639914CB-214E-4E4B-A675-4DEB4AC65E23 
Message: Can't 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/22/19 11:59:22 AM (574973962) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A7C30A3B-0145-461D-BBD6-3EC5C08F8E85 
Message: Ok 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/22/19 03:29:45 PM (574986585) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3A334858-BDC7-4CB3-A826-B91B46649D41 
Message: Mueller report in , It begnis 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/22/19 03:29:48 PM (574986588) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 88E13E2D-AA77-40B8-BF78-E642A6551E26 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027607 
Message: begins 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/24/19 04:03:18 PM (575161398) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B5245767-3A04-4F18-B396-D1340C9DOBC1 
Message: the only relevant sentence , is referred to other offices 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/25/19 10:48:31 AM (575228911) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 99CF99D0-9FB6-4A17-AF49-E6C9D9F5B504 
Message: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/25/sports/michael-avenatti-nike-
extortion.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/25/19 10:48:34 AM (575228914) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 52E9AF82-0B06-4285-904C-7C5E4C3C3524 
Message: 
Sender: 
Time: 03/25/19 10:01:07 PM (575269267) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 375742B7-F5CA-4AF5-92B0-3ED2AB673837 
Message: Where r u?? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:03:36 AM (575283816) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DFAC6789-B550-45AE-943A-D2B72E3013A0 
Message: Paris 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027608 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 02:04:07 AM (575283847) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A4BACA94-D6A1-4861-9083-B83A3084D8EF 
Message: How long ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:04:52 AM (575283892) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7A7912F6-02A3-4CED-B906-6958A6E9F674 
Message: Flexible 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:05:36 AM (575283936) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 378629AF-A8D0-4A44-9975-A6D4AEBE0E5B 
Message: Soo many interesting people here 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 02:06:25 AM (575283985) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7B3BD7A5-E86E-4F48-9729-A041735B1136 
Message: Gillet jeunes have not burned you out yet? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:06:44 AM (575284004) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1A6BDA57-1C0E-4B0A-B30D-8ADCOD487D44 
Message: They are my peeps 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:06:58 AM (575284018) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027609 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3A66484C-4FE6-4C99-AB42-A02896B6C5DC 
Message: Coney Island redux 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 02:07:51 AM (575284071) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 50473D27-2DB1-456C-951E-DB17586397F3 
Message: You need to suit up 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:08:19 AM (575284099) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8ADCA9EE-931B-403D-9710-77DAEC083746 
Message: Im trying to wear yellow sweat pants 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:08:53 AM (575284133) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8D2974D7-AA83-421B-8333-B1CD7B439187 
Message: Your girl flying over 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:09:23 AM (575284163) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 55202DEF-4950-4B6A-82AC-87B7FCBADAEO 
Message: Are u around 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:09:27 AM (575284167) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027610 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1C892CE1-3F93-46DC-BFFA-845068EBC96A 
Message: ? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 02:12:07 AM (575284327) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 70225A05-619F-4DAA-9913-E1D8A8497A26 
Message: In Rome :: when does she arrive ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:20:44 AM (575284844) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BCF3F84A-5C42-4B7C-8054-9FA58733BF9E 
Message: Thursday 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 02:22:19 AM (575284939) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FEADFOFA-944F-4E7E-A129-E418776D0899 
Message: I will probably go to monaco tomorrow. I can send the plane to pick you up 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 02:29:31 AM (575285371) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FD760642-60C0-4A6F-B410-C6BAC3659319 
Message: R u back in Paris then to meet with her ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 03:05:04 AM (575287504) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8D3B9D52-949A-43B1-BOCF-799DFFBCB32F 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027611 
Message: Yup 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 03:07:51 AM (575287671) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F6121412-3988-413A-815D-9AAE17153E7A 
Message: K-- how long is she in Paris for??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 03:11:32 AM (575287892) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 86FF2CCB-4264-43C7-87DE-D2B34C9D387B 
Message: Sounds like a grand jury 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 03:11:37 AM (575287897) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 40F1ACFO-EA5A-433C-9840-B5578464B5B1 
Message: :) 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/26/19 09:29:55 AM (575310595) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F303F50A-13EB-46EA-A8A1-F06AA7B54D30 
Message: Thoughts? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/26/19 11:43:07 PM (575361787) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 72767212-BC03-48C1-BC8B-F3B057DC17EE 
Message: She is in Paris from when to when??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027612 
Time: 03/27/19 01:06:40 AM (575366800) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ClADAD48-ADB6-44A4-9A4C-5C469790B5FA 
Message: Now Geneva tomorrow, 
Sender: 
Time: 03/27/19 01:07:00 AM (575366820) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7355A056-F66E-42B5-BBAF-F598ADOABCE8 
Message: She is not going to Paris ??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 01:35:42 AM (575368542) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CC416917-BDOE-4342-811C-40F13DF004EB 
Message: Didn't hear from you so / changed - now maybe Sunday 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 02:03:03 AM (575370183) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6492A1FB-3ED7-41EA-9C8E-DOBF3F36D1CA 
Message: Btw- Miro is the best informed on Europe 
Sender: 
Time: 03/27/19 02:05:24 AM (575370324) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 34FODB1A-2C45-4D77-BA88-366D7D1C0C06 
Message: You are going to Geneva not her-- she comes to Paris maybe Sunday correct 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 02:05:53 AM (575370353) 
Flags: 1085445 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027613 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: EA4FE113-5EE2-4A4E-ACAC-61DC096C129C 
Message: She is going to Geneva 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 02:06:14 AM (575370374) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 55F32E72-727A-47C1-AC5A-86A1C6BB2706 
Message: Im staying Paris where she will come 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 02:11:06 AM (575370666) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4A7CFD9B-4023-4751-A83A-CEFD4C054514 
Message: Dude - 
I don't like texting 
Sender: 
Time: 03/27/19 02:15:31 AM (575370931) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C4DFF7A9-DOBE-4174-B648-E90502484E47 
Message: Got it 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 02:17:07 AM (575371027) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BD1AA440-CBF5-4BB1-98BB-2F62FA68D81C 
Message: Or my cell 
Sender: 
Time: 03/27/19 03:51:08 AM (575376668) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027614 
GUID: 9A2A7D3D-DD3F-4329-8C7D-EB17F8E12D26 
Message: K 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/27/19 04:04:09 PM (575420649) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3C9B98F2-32A8-44B3-807B-0063040A6832 
Message: How long will you stay in Europe? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/27/19 04:04:29 PM (575420669) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 12568CD0-6D75-44BA-8848-717B396483A5 
Message: Doing Anderson Cooper now -- will reach out after 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:40:05 AM (575458805) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 28EF16E0-080B-49F5-820C-2C220F69A90C 
Message: ? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:40:58 AM (575458858) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8743CD69-8653-4759-9320-0BAFD5A210AF 
Message: I did CNN. Live last night from Vatican City -- 30 minutes on Anderson Cooper 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:41:14 AM (575458874) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D87BEAA7-460A-4432-AF06-2C7ADAOED6E3 
Message: Great 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027615 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:41:46 AM (575458906) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DF2692AA-A43E-4ACA-9A56-BA630B505772 
Message: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6858701/Steve-Bannon-says-NO-
Democrat-capable-beating-Trump-2020.html 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:42:26 AM (575458946) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5BB5B0E4-8593-4D9B-AF7D-F907B848729A 
Message: SDNY. Is the punch. , the mueller report the head fake 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:52:56 AM (575459576) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 035B67D0-8921-4892-85ED-B7B2C32B051A 
Message: I think folks may actually see that as 'witch hunt' now since this so clean 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:53:44 AM (575459624) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CO7CF376-3ECC-4FBC-BOBD-AC654359BCOE 
Message: Understood ,- I thought you . Were great on Anderson 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:54:01 AM (575459641) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A7D0B74B-14B3-4E8D-8388-9E31778EDD41 
Message: He was de balled. And done well 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:54:24 AM (575459664) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027616 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DEO8EADB-7336-40BF-AE1D-684B845428F0 
Message: It was tough on top of that roof in the dark and cold -- but felt good 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:55:10 AM (575459710) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 618F9644-ADE1-45B0-996B-D23247BBBEC8 
Message: The wizards hands were lower than the Chiron. But the spell seemed to work. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:55:39 AM (575459739) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3089329C-D2B2-4D82-A96F-DB6FF9BC147D 
Message: Anderson was respectful. , 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:56:00 AM (575459760) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 99265312-D3E4-4D78-8F84-2198110E6793 
Message: You saw that I was trying to work them-- and it's why they gave it a tight 
shot 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:56:21 AM (575459781) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1C67C77A-1096-40EC-9648-D68C1B527B68 
Message: Turning him to your china side could be easier than one thinks 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:56:38 AM (575459798) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027617 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CB6242F7-EA12-4FBC-B807-E6D0531E41B6 
Message: They need an enemy , china fits the bill 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:56:57 AM (575459817) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 17736568-7F4D-474B-914D-911D62ADO8BE 
Message: Yes they can to me about china after seeing the Rome speeches 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 02:58:21 AM (575459901) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 46F6B8AA-C21B-4FCF-AF47-DD1324238A31 
Message: They need the new eyeballs. Big targets. , Russia not useful, trump dead 
for a while. Health care over . China perfect pinata 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 02:59:41 AM (575459981) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3AB5A2AE-4E07-47A7-B010-987A7EE98A19 
Message: Yes yes yes 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:04:07 AM (575460247) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8B3EE425-7080-4ADO-B05E-0758D9B49A05 
Message: Indias little reported satellite killer . Changes cyber game. - one belt one 
road, needs secure communication . Fun 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:05:51 AM (575460351) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027618 
GUID: A4BB4ED6-756C-4AA7-9DC8-06CBFB23BD8F 
Message: I think you might want to start a new group, of hackers. Currently there are 
the white hats and the black hats. I like the idea of your creating the red white and 
blue hats 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 03:09:28 AM (575460568) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 8013479E-6AB2-4F7D-93C5-0191C053E6E3 
Message: Genius 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:09:35 AM (575460575) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 56C66072-0A4F-452A-AA0A-C35FB76A5973 
Message: If you really think china a threat, turn the American teen hackers loose. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:09:56 AM (575460596) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F7AA9A86-BOEC-4B8C-BF7B-6FC908DD448F 
Message: Explain that this country is fucking with your future. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:10:01 AM (575460601) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 46300733-8F41-40CE-A270-ADBA51001143 
Message: Ie china 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:10:48 AM (575460648) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5242A071-42F6-4645-A3C2-14524360CCDA 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027619 
Message: In a few years they would have trouble making pair of sneakers with the right 
amount of holes for laces 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 03:11:20 AM (575460680) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: E2450AAD-B607-48D5-9551-F5E6F91F694B 
Message: LMAO 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:11:31 AM (575460691) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9B171705-ABAF-4756-9FE2-2FE71FDC605B 
Message: Unrestriced warfare. American style 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 03:11:53 AM (575460713) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 608BE12D-A216-4AE9-828A-DCA8899DB2BE 
Message: Yes--- unrestrict this 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:14:33 AM (575460873) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AlD8AB53-75D2-4B49-A973-EE744A2C7BB4 
Message: LOL !! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:15:09 AM (575460909) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 37E3A616-379D-4455-BFB5-74AFEF68D6B2 
Message: Arab league meeting in Tunis on weekend. Then group coming to download to me 
on tues. , I will then fly to states. You are welcome for all as always 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027620 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:15:17 AM (575460917) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C3DBF28A-B6EA-4BBE-A584-AB3636C3C8AD 
Message: No press here 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:16:01 AM (575460961) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 48ED0598-890D-4F43-9DA0-8731E4CB2460 
Message: Girl going to see George on sat in germany 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 03:17:36 AM (575461056) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CD290D88-F975-4E09-A3B3-BA974C8B3231 
Message: She is in Paris when??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 03:18:46 AM (575461126) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: lEED539A-37F3-42AE-8206-8441996FE326 
Message: Sun 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 04:08:48 AM (575464128) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 94BB10D4-AFB7-47F1-9565-70F8D6174681 
Message: If I get to Paris Saturday can u and I spend some time together? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:13:30 AM (575464410) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027621 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9C34B69D-A465-4D96-BFC6-CCF439D57114 
Message: Yes , great 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:14:14 AM (575464454) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0983913C-B893-4A63-A7F6-74BDC4C97F9B 
Message: And if you and your boys need a place. You are welcome to stay 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 04:26:35 AM (575465195) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 04A7D9AC-8AB3-4040-A3EE-6F7DFDE93D15 
Message: Cool let me work this 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 04:26:43 AM (575465203) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F3CB80C2-38AE-486B-AA70-D5F847D31D48 
Message: She is in on Sunday 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 04:27:02 AM (575465222) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 404D477F-0868-42F1-8FBE-B721769F1AAA 
Message: You fly to states on Tuesday 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:29:05 AM (575465345) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027622 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0142B7CA-6B06-44E3-9954-BA7ODE3E58CF 
Message: Have not spoken to her yet today. Yes tues night or wed morning if you 
prefer 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 04:29:50 AM (575465390) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1C2CCE26-2B24-43C6-8A5A-29EA22A4623A 
Message: Tuesday 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:30:40 AM (575465440) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FE1FA45D-D2B1-4DEC-9B38-0CD334B321F4 
Message: Should be ok, around 4 30 pm 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:31:12 AM (575465472) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C067056F-E30E-470E-9EAA-01C740345590 
Message: ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:32:10 AM (575465530) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 26F1649E-5C92-4233-BBEE-8DDB2464F752 
Message: How many people with you 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:33:32 AM (575465612) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 607C96D8-8E7B-4529-8C1B-231EBC0C3BEA 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027623 
Message: Tuesday terje Larson coming for lunch. And you are welcome we leave after 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 04:33:49 AM (575465629) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 02FC0527-05DD-480B-BB9C-32263F3FFAFC 
Message: We not terje 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 04:59:58 AM (575467198) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 4CBF8742-DOE0-4709-AC34-A412139E7FBD 
Message: 2 to fly back 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 05:00:21 AM (575467221) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7503E069-92F7-42FD-A5EE-2BED9D543156 
Message: So 2 plus you send passports 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 05:07:36 AM (575467656) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5360093F-F4F0-4116-ADA4-893438EFFFBC 
Message: No just dan 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 05:08:25 AM (575467705) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 5F0D9EFB-OCE5-4A1C-BD7F-DD394D8F33EF 
Message: Send his passport and yours 
Sender: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027624 
Time: 03/28/19 05:08:39 AM (575467719) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 91A413B9-EF7C-409A-95E2-780DOEC4A9AF 
Message: K 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 06:23:13 AM (575472193) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 62816EF7-A61A-43C9-9F26-2816FFB5EA5E 
Message: <Unsupported Message Content> 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 07:31:45 AM (575476305) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F2C9AF7A-3288-46E9-B623-93D9FAD27252 
Message: Steven potter 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 07:32:00 AM (575476320) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B91679A7-D1E5-4B84-B865-7814B6CAEEE1 
Message: LOL 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 07:32:07 AM (575476327) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AC31DA8C-3A83-43DE-A23E-E0F66B6BCBDD 
Message: Vordemort 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 07:35:50 AM (575476550) 
Flags: 1150981 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027625 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 72C65D60-52DA-4888-9A22-AAF53DA0E43E 
Message: Would be great to give you wand ! Kathy just called- she got sick canceled 
entire trip. I will stay till Tuesday Paris but might have to travel Middle East. Will 
know later . I now have even more free time in Europe. 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 07:36:26 AM (575476586) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 766C6E98-B60C-4BF8-8193-F201DE2EA756 
Message: K 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 07:36:33 AM (575476593) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 37058D25-66BA-48F9-B73A-3A24EBF06979 
Message: She is in NYC ?? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 07:37:11 AM (575476631) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2CAODBCA-875A-4777-833A-F060CD44D552 
Message: Your ""boy George "" won't be happy 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 07:37:27 AM (575476647) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: OCDAEE3E-0B2F-4F95-8C7E-3E0B81B9F209 
Message: Yes today 
Sender: 
Time: 03/28/19 07:37:34 AM (575476654) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027626 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 1CCF0287-70DB-4C23-87C2-831607C9E986 
Message: Yeah: he was hoping to run into her 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 08:03:59 AM (575478239) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: AA92A60B-730E-4C48-BFC5-D6AAE73AB636 
Message: I can organize Jacques lang at my house if you have an interest in an icon. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 10:05:39 AM (575485539) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 49FBB721-F973-4BFE-B7AB-FAE7AFDE2F92 
Message: Do you think you are coming to Paris? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 01:53:07 PM (575499187) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A8A1D397-8A7F-4C56-BD53-COOF7B68BECC 
Message: https://www.washingtonpost.com/classic-apps/how-donald-trump-used-unusual-
financial-documents-to-exaggerate-his-wealth-and-hide-some-of-his-
debts/2019/03/28/dc9fdb6e-49aa-11e9-9663-00ac73f49662 story.html?utm term=.8f35beb8c3a8 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/28/19 05:00:38 PM (575510438) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 962F8E30-BF79-49FD-9E47-2DA65ED942FC 
Message: U coming to Paris Saturday? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 01:11:32 AM (575539892) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027627 
GUID: 261F58FA-151D-4056-A513-7957AE19F324 
Message: ? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 01:57:08 AM (575542628) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 038B2E85-F2E1-4001-8370-927009A5D59B 
Message: Is It possible to get your plane here to collect me 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 01:57:48 AM (575542668) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 31DA764B-3AFE-468D-BD2A-83C055E2E42A 
Message: Where are you 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 01:58:23 AM (575542703) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 87C174BE-ADOB-416A-B68F-CFFEF3E42516 
Message: Rome 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 01:58:36 AM (575542716) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 95798BE5-9F00-4A3F-8D18-038DF5598B04 
Message: Waived off Spain 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 01:58:57 AM (575542737) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 49E3C859-1764-4435-9294-04217383CF08 
Message: When? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027628 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 01:59:44 AM (575542784) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 06909113-47DF-424B-8EDB-2EA187AFF25E 
Message: Anytime tomorow after 1 pm -- I'm in meetings with The League here until then 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 01:59:49 AM (575542789) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 08095104-36B8-49BB-994E-E3522B6926E6 
Message: Until noon 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 02:00:03 AM (575542803) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A47F7775-DO8C-4ECB-B5B7-473DD5E64C06 
Message: Can launch any time after noon 
Sender: 111111111111 
Time: 03/29/19 02:00:22 AM (575542822) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 87BB1ACF-B675-47A9-AEED-6BOOAC9761A3 
Message: Btw doing CNBC from here @ 630 am EST 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 02:00:37 AM (575542837) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ECFF34BE-AF31-4DC6-BFFE-5416F0DCA93D 
Message: How many people 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 02:00:38 AM (575542838) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027629 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 11ADAA70-D47E-451C-BF0D-4D15C09E78BC 
Message: Squawk Box 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 02:00:43 AM (575542843) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: F83968D5-8DF6-49F7-8932-93C06BE2E89E 
Message: 2 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 02:01:08 AM (575542868) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: ACB76CE4-750E-4D85-9320-2D5734718BAO 
Message: Excuse me 3 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 02:01:26 AM (575542886) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3B7B2484-9BBB-4314-A9A8-AC2D8D377246 
Message: My security guy will leave me after Paris 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 02:03:13 AM (575542993) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0613639C-01EB-4893-8C24-64ACB490E010 
Message: Will get back to you by noon , today 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 02:03:37 AM (575543017) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027630 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 0816AD17-45F4-479D-A822-03247C994FBE 
Message: Cool-- my CNBC hit is @ 1130 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 03:29:44 AM (575548184) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BEFF1C87-406C-49BD-A53C-4B6F26C05E01 
Message: What time wheels up ? 
Sender: __________________ 
Time: 03/29/19 03:56:54 AM (575549814) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 82821E45-45A2-4206-BF3A-0E934D348D88 
Message: 1 pm 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 03:57:23 AM (575549843) 
Flags: 1126401 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 38CB4A46-2D65-4FFB-B721-E8404F465FOF 
Message: I'm done @ noon 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 04:05:31 AM (575550331) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 45DFF9CB-03F9-405A-94D8-052F89272B66 
Message: Did u see CNBC 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 04:43:57 AM (575552637) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7906B91F-2441-4C76-8DE9-AF2086F962DE 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027631 
Message: Yes. Saw. I still like the wand idea. , for Valmort . I thought of buying 
you a black wizard hat. With stars. , would be great. The pilots are hustling to 
finish a data base. Upgrade. , still in the plane 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 04:44:20 AM (575552660) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: CAC44AD5-3494-43B4-BD38-3666B9755D59 
Message: LOL!!! 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 05:00:55 AM (575553655) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 405ACOE6-3089-49E5-919F-DACF7266A0FA 
Message: <Unsupported Message Content> 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 05:17:05 AM (575554625) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FCFC6006-3E80-41AB-ABOO-29820389D157 
Message: LMAO 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 06:35:51 AM (575559351) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 6B7EAAC6-16E2-430A-8E00-0D44B851D364 
Message: You should orgzine commercial backup , as pilots are still loading data 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 06:36:37 AM (575559397) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 024C3C98-C431-4157-ABF8-95E383FBC941 
Message: Should know more later. . they are doing their best 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027632 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 07:08:11 AM (575561291) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DB401AE3-625D-43CB-98D8-382BDB15AD63 
Message: Cool 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 08:03:16 AM (575564596) 
Flags: 1150981 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 7EF2A4DA-7718-440B-A4B5-BB1815A11F67 
Message: Sorry , plane not ready until tues , 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 08:07:05 AM (575564825) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 56452B9E-D35F-4179-993C-BEE2993CD8EE 
Message: If you find a charter. I am happy to pay 
Sender: ___________________ 
Time: 03/29/19 08:08:46 AM (575564926) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9149E1D0-9EB6-4643-8E7C-7C3FD4D6E55B 
Message: No problem-- standby 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 08:09:13 AM (575564953) 
Flags: 1085445 
Is Read: No 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 9DB959E0-6790-4003-ABB8-BEE779ACA520 
Message: My guys can pick you up. , come for dinner 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 08:09:23 AM (575564963) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027633 
Flags: 1060865 
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Message: Hang on 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 08:09:27 AM (575564967) 
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Message: no worry 
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Time: 03/29/19 08:09:29 AM (575564969) 
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Message: Let me check 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 08:09:52 AM (575564992) 
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GUID: 7B2767EA-5D12-43BC-8D6B-FA040E7B7FD1 
Message: Im in the elysee . On line again in 45 mon 
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Time: 03/29/19 08:09:54 AM (575564994) 
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Message: min 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 08:10:11 AM (575565011) 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027634 
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GUID: OB40C944-630B-4761-817D-88C672D91EAE 
Message: Cool 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 09:34:15 AM (575570055) 
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GUID: B28005DC-8BAB-48DD-B611-0DA0705CABE9 
Message: Now at the pyramid. With the entire govt. 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 09:39:12 AM (575570352) 
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Message: Macron govt?? 
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Time: 03/29/19 09:51:25 AM (575571085) 
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Message: Yup 
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Time: 03/29/19 01:18:09 PM (575583489) 
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Message: The ministers of the elite. 
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Time: 03/29/19 01:25:41 PM (575583941) 
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GUID: E2BFBF69-AA40-49E2-93F3-3F4DB7330EB2 
what are your plans 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027635 
Message: Amazing photo 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/29/19 01:26:22 PM (575583982) 
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GUID: 67B46921-EC11-46E3-B68C-BC849A7F22A7 
Message: just us two entire place. French power 
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Time: 03/29/19 01:26:49 PM (575584009) 
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GUID: 3F41F0D8-BF25-46E3-8BD4-9A3F20541293 
Message: Powermove 
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Time: 03/29/19 03:39:11 PM (575591951) 
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GUID: 25A919C1-FF4A-453F-BF3A-236D75D74A2E 
Message: Dinner tomorrow? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/29/19 11:51:26 PM (575621486) 
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GUID: 6EC3C1F6-08BB-4E4A-B4AA-0A2216278C58 
Message: Meetings with the Germans here running over --- will revert shortly 
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Time: 03/30/19 02:45:23 AM (575631923) 
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GUID: 38B095A9-97C4-4B8F-8E40-78369444C617 
Message: Israel election April 9 brexit 12 arab league today - im free after 7pm 
Sender: 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027636 
Time: 03/30/19 04:28:35 AM (575638115) 
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GUID: B29EA5F1-374B-43EA-865C-33E1C1F6A817 
Message: Arab league today doing what??? 
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Time: 03/30/19 04:31:53 AM (575638313) 
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GUID: F2633F4A-81B6-4FDD-9187-935FB683574F 
Message: Its the big meeting in Tunis. Discussion china Russia . Israel 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 04:32:36 AM (575638356) 
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GUID: 8A02828D-D59B-4527-BE16-413AB96E4563 
Message: Your deplorables need an enemy china china china 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 04:33:47 AM (575638427) 
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GUID: 905861CA-E318-433F-91CC-8F8AE9632A7F 
Message: Yes yes yes 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 04:34:16 AM (575638456) 
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Message: I'm the evangelicalist on this one 
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Time: 03/30/19 04:35:13 AM (575638513) 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027637 
Is Read: No 
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GUID: 7187ABDE-F7BA-4E92-AF6C-9B3B0F1FF0D7 
Message: saudi very tricky, Russia a potential friend. . Mongolian here yesterday, 
caught between china and Russia , great insight. Trillion dollars of resources in 
the ground. . two big neighbors. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 04:35:49 AM (575638549) 
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GUID: A66227B7-FF24-44AC-9870-617E1144BD8B 
Message: You would like the president. batuga. He is willing to see you 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 04:36:13 AM (575638573) 
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GUID: 82F2B724-BE45-4CD6-9CEF-33C445F20141 
Message: Love the Mongolian guys-- the ambassador came to breitbart embassy-- they and 
kazichstan key 
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Time: 03/30/19 04:36:52 AM (575638612) 
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GUID: 5ADE77CF-7B6D-4BB5-A8DF-E5575F03159F 
Message: Kazak more difficult. Super corrupt, Mongolian in desperate need of help. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 04:38:49 AM (575638729) 
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Message: 3 million people. , 12 million horses 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 04:44:13 AM (575639053) 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027638 
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GUID: 3F282EA5-5E26-4DC8-ACC9-12C0C3E80081 
Message: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/opinion/jordan-middle-east.html 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 04:44:16 AM (575639056) 
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GUID: 4B37AD95-A440-4B91-B8AB-9D5651A2065D 
Message: Good summary 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 05:00:20 AM (575640020) 
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Message: Agree 100% 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 05:00:45 AM (575640045) 
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GUID: 62223213-0618-4EB9-8B33-673E4260069C 
Message: A Chinese Yangtze River Airlines plane arrived Friday in Caracas to deliver 
medicine and medical supplies to Maduro's government. 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 05:01:34 AM (575640094) 
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Message: Oil oil oil 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 05:06:16 AM (575640376) 
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GUID: CCB55534-ADC7-4714-8352-ACD47C2EDF3E 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027639 
Message: China 'lebensraum': Australia; Venezuela; Brazil 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 06:40:36 AM (575646036) 
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GUID: AB84E646-4A15-4930-9B9C-06F5E5B546FE 
Message: is Paris in your future. ? tomorrow? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 06:41:36 AM (575646096) 
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GUID: 39BDOCC7-7BCC-44D7-9493-0568B1CFF25E 
Message: I was told today that they now refer to themselves as the sovereign district 
of New York 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 06:41:39 AM (575646099) 
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Is Invitation: No 
GUID: A65E96A1-FFD7-4C7A-B543-EDBF4BAF8A69 
Message: Tomorrow:: working it out now ; will revert with details 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 06:41:44 AM (575646104) 
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GUID: 7B9064D3-0D38-4574-BB08-AC2174BA24EB 
Message: cool 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 08:44:38 AM (575653478) 
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Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D763775E-71D2-4091-817A-3CA21ACO8CAO 
Message: R u headed back to NYC , palm beach or Middle East on Tuesday ?? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027640 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 09:03:15 AM (575654595) 
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GUID: C557DFAA-D7A0-44A0-B189-01CC7C14C017 
Message: They also are against the rich 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 09:11:58 AM (575655118) 
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GUID: 4BC6793A-3A66-4244-8B66-69DE76479621 
Message: Being pulled in many directions all super interesting. Not sure yet. Sorry 
will let you know as soon as firm . You and your people are welcome to stay with me in 
Paris if it helps. Three finance ministers today. All confused. - not jewish 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 09:25:10 AM (575655910) 
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GUID: 7E42DEFA-7DCD-45D4-BBE0-09399A8B12C8 
Message: LMAO 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 09:25:45 AM (575655945) 
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GUID: B4E61F38-2DE7-422B-9240-2593E3662559 
Message: When are you back to states or is that open ended 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 09:36:56 AM (575656616) 
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GUID: 618AB64E-728A-45C9-9F73-4CD4E399BDDF 
Message: Im happy to pay a charter to Paris for you. My Schedule in flux until tomorrow 
night . 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027641 
Time: 03/30/19 09:38:22 AM (575656702) 
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GUID: 5B2181DD-470C-4F3E-8D42-51BC510FDEE3 
Message: Only certain is my science conference in New York Friday 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 09:38:44 AM (575656724) 
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GUID: EF4B0FD1-EF8A-42F7-BE44-A2670BC10908 
Message: Im hoping to go back Tuesday 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 09:40:43 AM (575656843) 
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GUID: 4988D110-F157-41D7-BDCE-6D354C6B6CC8 
Message: What science conference??? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 11:32:43 AM (575663563) 
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GUID: BC1EF316-E264-4908-B2A7-013COODD5F65 
Message: Smartest plants , string theory , quantum computing, life regeneration. - my "" 
movement "" 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 11:33:13 AM (575663593) 
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GUID: 6C11B90C-079D-4FD8-AE8E-3022FACAA8CE 
Message: The Singularity 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 11:37:20 AM (575663840) 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027642 
Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: D5BA88EF-4419-4800-AC31-F90320413827 
Message: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/sunday-
review/biosphere-2-climate-change.amp.html 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 12:14:54 PM (575666094) 
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GUID: EOCO1C6E-4B33-4A5D-9EB4-5B6EA9CDOB48 
Message: Great! I live in my biosphere 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 12:15:10 PM (575666110) 
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GUID: 36726E36-F161-4BE9-ACF6-8EF488302ABB 
Message: Are you coming tomorrow? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 12:32:40 PM (575667160) 
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GUID: 01E8B5AE-0765-4FA6-9206-784B8AA8697E 
Message: LOL-- yes who should my guy talk with ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 12:47:31 PM (575668051) 
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GUID: 1D9A6314-DEB1-4E04-B099-A6419B73A223 
Message: Do you want my driver to pick you up at airport ? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 12:47:36 PM (575668056) 
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HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027643 
GUID: 6F547FF9-DO8A-48CE-9DD3-EA9321E2F559 
Message: Or... 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/30/19 01:01:42 PM (575668902) 
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GUID: 6F3C3E46-6D8D-415F-AC9F-D27E38360294 
Message: Your guy can coordinate with. A.S. on 
Sender: __________________ 
Time: 03/30/19 01:08:45 PM (575669325) 
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GUID: B8E32BB6-16A8-4EDO-A04E-0130C1BE4E3A 
Message: K 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 01:19:42 PM (575669982) 
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Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 315B301B-DABD-4CF1-86D7-80B5D850F622 
Message: Will have my guy dan call now 
Sender: 
Time: 03/30/19 09:38:28 PM (575699908) 
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Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: C564E45F-EC23-4945-BC42-37896F10E443 
Message: Miro would be president today if he had listened to me 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 12:58:37 AM (575711917) 
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GUID: 317AD67C-6199-4902-A5B9-A0D45481B25F 
Message: agreed. Soros candidate . Only NGO experience. No real competition . 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027644 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 01:07:55 AM (575712475) 
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GUID: 1B931D6A-B64B-4BEl-A835-4AEFC4BAA949 
Message: Exactly-- need to turn miro into a nationalist sovereignty leader 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 01:08:43 AM (575712523) 
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GUID: 870D8921-1C87-43E9-97D5-638282BCED5C 
Message: he has the look 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 01:41:14 AM (575714474) 
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GUID: 73CD2208-C8BA-4DBB-B278-B7OFE9CACO2E 
Message: Exactly-- It's a joke this woman won 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 01:45:09 AM (575714709) 
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GUID: OD78026F-2E44-46B6-B9AB-1B5AD5093E61 
Message: Times up ! Still in Infancy 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 02:04:13 AM (575715853) 
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GUID: 8BOAAC30-4A20-43BB-8613-9B7EA9C0C25B 
Message: Yes yes yes -- and here to stay-- the end of the patriarchy 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:28:47 AM (575731727) 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027645 
Flags: 1150981 
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GUID: 1543BB93-8C25-47AD-BBC1-C2DEB33CECB0 
Message: Ahhh. Just told me you are not coming till tomorrow. sjame 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:28:49 AM (575731729) 
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GUID: FA2ACD97-D48B-47E7-953D-D95390346EA8 
Message: shame 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 06:36:33 AM (575732193) 
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Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: DCA927D7-BF94-43BD-B89C-E528A2AFEED2 
Message: I'm coming tonight @ 7 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 06:37:29 AM (575732249) 
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Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B16B1CB6-9CA8-4320-80FB-4D1837711C98 
Message: Meetings here now end @ 630 ; wheels up roughly 7 to 730 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:39:48 AM (575732388) 
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Is Read: No 
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GUID: F6C59005-973F-4C3B-9A82-8AB4OCA78F68 
Message: So do you want to come tonite/? Up to you as always . I m on ny time so 
no worry 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 06:40:49 AM (575732449) 
Flags: 1060865 
Is Read: Yes 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027646 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 2283D351-67BE-4CE3-BA82-CBD7C7FA4826 
Message: Unless dan changed something we launch for Paris @ around 7--- is it a 90 
minute to 2 hour flight? 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:41:10 AM (575732470) 
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GUID: F9A17DC8-D910-4747-9210-656727FDFCFF 
Message: 90 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:41:58 AM (575732518) 
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Is Invitation: No 
GUID: 3DED5E0C-FB0E-4A82-80DC-080FB010476A 
Message: Im easy , the meeting is now Piled as the child rapist meets the nitwits 
intellectual. . not sue which is funnier 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:42:07 AM (575732527) 
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GUID: 64963C29-508A-49A6-8C2B-51EFEFCD2732 
Message: Sure 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:43:34 AM (575732614) 
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GUID: 113B7546-4259-4705-A0B6-F030A5CEF73E 
Message: Ok. Just let me know when you land and your preference. 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 06:52:43 AM (575733163) 
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Is Invitation: No 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027647 
GUID: 6CDF9543-C36E-4D0B-A828-CE9DE533933E 
Message: Is that your science conference or tonight 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 06:53:22 AM (575733202) 
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GUID: 1B03402D-F8EE-4E03-856F-40417FF370AA 
Message: lol 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 10:19:35 AM (575745575) 
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Is Read: Yes 
Is Invitation: No 
GUID: BDF61521-9058-443D-8C52-C93C4DB7417E 
Message: I'm staying with you tonight??-- u have room ? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 10:46:21 AM (575747181) 
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Is Invitation: No 
GUID: FB35171E-C3D8-41B8-8F84-5B00E8EAF1C9 
Message: I've got a hotel so no big deal 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 10:52:39 AM (575747559) 
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Is Read: No 
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GUID: E3F6A920-ED35-4C83-A3C6-1C956D9A7148 
Message: Yes stay . Just you? 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 10:53:11 AM (575747591) 
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Is Invitation: No 
GUID: B344A6B0-8F52-4E5B-8E2A-D43089C08774 
Message: The lads can stay @ a hotel 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027648 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 10:53:18 AM (575747598) 
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GUID: 77C3B1D2-9460-48D4-A30C-1ED42AE183AE 
Message: Done 
Sender: 
Time: 03/31/19 01:08:58 PM (575755738) 
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GUID: 4B262623-39C7-4830-8920-3021A224E703 
Message: Enroute 
Sender: e:jeeitunes@gmail.com 
Time: 03/31/19 01:09:51 PM (575755791) 
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GUID: E51E1CBC-76A3-467F-B477-C80579597020 
Message: Ok 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 027649 
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030069.txt,"10

An examination of the political reforms conducted by successive
governments in Jordan over the last decade suggests that, in most
cases, the king’s directives were ignored, diluted, and, at times,
directly opposed. This does not imply that the objectives of this class
and the monarch were always in contradiction, but suggests that the
rentier system has, over time and through entrenchment, created
monsters who will only acquiesce as long as the system perpetuates
the old policy of favors.

These groups are therefore more likely to pursue policies that are
antithetical to political reform, thus resulting in the gaps and
imbalances lamented by the king’s latest letter. These rentier systems
have already proven to be difficult to maintain and, in an Arab world
that is increasingly demanding better governance and greater
accountability, such ossified systems will come to pose significant
threats to stability, particularly in resource-poor countries such as
Jordan

Conclusion

After a decade of political reform efforts in Jordan, it does not appear
that the process has made any significant advances. In fact, as is clear
from some of the key indicators above, the process seems not only to
have stalled, but regressed as well. Reversals in civil liberties and
political rights caused Jordan to lose significant international
standing. In the annual Freedom House rankings, Jordan declined
from a rank of 4 in 2001 (partly free) on a scale of 1 to 7 (1 being
most free) to a rank of 6 (not free) in 2010. Corruption has also
become a major issue in the country in the last few years. From 2003
to 2007, the Jordanian Center for Strategic Studies asked citizens in
its annual poll to rate their priorities for the country. Over the four
year period, they consistently ranked corruption among their top
priorities; it came in a close second to poverty and unemployment.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030069
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028626.txt,"U.S. oil production has reached its highest level in two decades, while imports have fallen dramatically. A system built to
import oil and deliver it to coastal refineries has become ill-equipped to handle rising production in Texas, North Dakota and
Canada's Alberta province.

""All of the pipes are pointed in the wrong direction,"" says Harold York, an oil researcher at Wood Mackenzie. ""We are turning
the last 70 years of oil-industry history in North America on its head, and we are turning it on its head in the next 10 to 15
years.""

With oil prices persistently above $100 a barrel, companies drilling new wells don't want to forgo revenue while they wait
years for new pipelines. That leaves them with trucks, trains and barges to move an increasing amount of crude.

Oil delivered to refineries by trucks grew 38% from 2011 to 2012, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration,
while crude on barges grew 53% and rail deliveries quadrupled. Although alternatives are growing rapidly, pipelines and
oceangoing tankers remain the primary method for delivering crude to refineries.

In the Eagle Ford, a large four-year-old South Texas oil field, production has grown to more than 500,000 barrels a day, from
less than 1,000 in 2009, according to state statistics. Getting that torrent out of the sparsely populated region has required
modifications to the oil-delivery system.

For example, last year NuStar reversed a 16-inch pipeline built to carry crude imported from Africa and Europe northward
from the Port of Corpus Christi. Now, the pipeline flows south, taking delivery from hundreds of trucks that fill up at individual
wells. Some of the 175,000 barrels a day moving through the pipe is loaded onto barges at Corpus Christi and towed toward
refineries near Houston.

Earlier this year, Phillips 66 began putting some of this crude on ships for a 2,200-mile journey around Florida to its refinery
in Linden, N.J.

The heavy trucks moving Eagle Ford crude are causing headaches for residents and local officials, ripping up roads and
causing traffic tie-ups.

""These are rural roads built for 10 cars an hour, and now it's 100 vehicles an hour, and 75 of them are 80,000-pound trucks,”
says Tom Voelkel, president of Dupre Logistics LLC. The Lafayette, La., company started hauling crude in Eagle Ford in
November 2011 and has more than 100 drivers full time in the region.

The Texas Legislature appropriated $450 million this year to repair and improve roads in oil-producing counties. ""It doesn't
even begin to reach where it needs to reach,"" says Daryl Fowler, the chief elected county official in Cuero, Texas, about a

hundred miles southeast of San Antonio.

""We've seen a fourfold increase in congestion around here,"" he says. ""The roads are crumbling.""

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_028626
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011471.txt,"CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I certify that on March 17, 2017, I electronically served this Defendant’s Response in
Opposition to Plaintiff's Omnibus Motion In Limine via ECF on the following:

Sigrid S. McCawley Paul G. Cassell

Meredith Schultz 383 S. University Street
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER, LLP Salt Lake City, UT 84112
401 East Las Olas Boulevard, Ste. 1200 P|

Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301

J. Stanley Pottinger

Bradley J. Edwards 49 Twin Lakes Rd.
FARMER, JAFFE, WEISSING, EDWARDS, — South Salem, NY 10590
FISTOS & LEHRMAN, P.L. Po
425 North Andrews Ave., Ste. 2
Ft. — FL 33301

/s/ Nicole Simmons

Nicole Simmons

38

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011471
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026852.txt,"From: Darren Indyke 
Sent: 7/23/2016 11:38:22 PM 
To: Jeffrey Epstein [jeeyacation@gmail.com] 
Subject: Fwd: TV ADS POUNDING CLINTON & JEFF EPSTEIN RAPES OF UNDERAGE LITTLE GIRLS COVER UP SEX ABUSE CRIMES 
BY THE WHITE HOUSE 
Importance: High 
Sent from my iPhone 
Begin forwarded message: 
From: steven hoffenberg 
Date: July 23, 2016 at 6:52:03 PM EDT 
To: 
Subject: Fwd: T V 
ADS POUNDING CLINTON & JEFF EPSTEIN RAPES OF UNDERAGE LITTLE GIRLS COY 
ER UP SEX ABUSE CRIMES BY THE WHITE HOUSE 
Steven J. Hoffenberg 
New York Post Publishing INC. 
CEO 
WHAM INC THE PUBLIC COMPANY OWNS THE BELOW OPERATIONS 
TOWERSINVESTORS.COM 
CEO 
SEE 
WWW.POST PUBLISHING.BUZZ THE JESUS CHRIST ON LINE GODs WORD NEWSPAPER 
MR HOFFENBERG ONLINE NEWSPAPER 
PUBLICSPEAKINGWALLSTREET.COM  
Begin forwarded message: 
From: steven hoffenberg <______________________________ 
Date: July 23, 2016 at 6:44:11 PM EDT 
To: ""Players2 ."" < 
Subject: T V 
ADS POUNDING CLINTON & JEFF EPSTEIN RAPES OF UNDERAGE LITTLE GIRLS COY 
ER UP SEX ABUSE CRIMES BY THE WHITE HOUSE 
ROGER 
MY CLOSE FRIEND MARTY FEINBERG OWNS WINNER MEDIA THE T V AD AGENCY !!!! 
THE T V AD AGENCY IS WORKING ON THE MASSIVE ATTACK AD TELLING HOW CLINT 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026852 
ON DID COVER UP THE JEFF EPSTEIN RAPES OF THE LITTLE GIRLS . 
CLINTON DID RAPE THE LITTLE GIRLS WITH JEFF EPSTEIN !!!!! 
BOTHS CLINTONS ARE IN THE HUGE WASHINGTON D C LEADERS CRIMES COVER WITH 
NO F B I ARREST OF JEFF EPSTEIN !!!!! 
RAPES OF LITTLE GIRLS NON STOP ARE IN THE T V ADS !!!!! 
WIN PRESIDENT TRUMP !!!! 
TRUMP SUPER PAC 
GET OUR JOBS BACK INC 
STEVEN HOFFENBERG 
CEO 
Steven J. Hoffenberg 
New York Post Publishing INC. 
CEO 
WHAM INC THE PUBLIC COMPANY OWNS THE BELOW OPERATIONS 
TOWERSINVESTORS.COM 
CEO 
SEE 
WWW.POST PUBLISHING.BUZZ THE JESUS CHRIST ON LINE GODs WORD NEWSPAPER 
MR HOFFENBERG ONLINE NEWSPAPER 
PUBLICSPEAKINGWALLSTREET.COM  
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 026853 
"
IMAGES-011-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032237.txt,"New York Times

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/landon jr thomas/index.h
tml

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032237
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019093.txt,"unofficial women's caucus. Robin Tyler ( “Il am not a lesbian comic--l am a
comic who is a lesbian” ) served as the spokesperson for their conclusions.
What had caused a stir was my reference to the use of turkey basters by
single mothers-to-be who were attempting to impregnate themselves by
artificial insemination. Tyler explained to me, “You have to understand,
some women still have a hang-up about penetration.”

Well, | must have been suffering from Delayed Punchline Syndrome,
because it wasn't until | was returning on a plane, contemplating the
notion that freedom of absurdity transcends gender difference, that |
finally did respond, in absentia: “Yeah, but you have to understand, some
men still feel threatened by turkey basters.”

kok #

The Onion posted a story about a college dorm that was nicknamed

“The Rape Hall.” And an /ronic Times headline stated, “Quaaludes Ends
Its Relationship With Bill Cosby.” Earlier in Amy Schumer’ s stand-up
career, she told this joke: “I used to date Hispanic guys, but now | prefer
consensual.” She has since been accused of racist comedy. “I used to do
a lot of short dumb joke like that,” she responded.” | played a dumb
white girl onstage. | am evolving as an artist. | am taking responsibility and

hope | haven’ t hurt anyone. | apologize if | did.”

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019093
"
IMAGES-010-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029538.txt,"communication in error, please notify us immediately by
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof,
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029538
"
TEXT-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032321.txt,"﻿Case 1:16-cv-07673-RA Document 5 Filed 10/04/16 Page 1 of 2
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
USDC-SDNY
DOCUMENT
ELECTRONICALLY FILED
DOC#:
DATE FILED: 10/4/2016
JANE DOE proceeding under a pseudonym,
V.
Plaintiff,
DONALD J. TRUMP and JEFFREY E.
EPSTEIN,
No. 16 CV-7673 (RA)
ORDER AND NOTICE
OF INITIAL CONFERENCE
Defendants.
RONNIE ABRAMS, United States District Judge:
This case has been assigned to me for all purposes. It is hereby:
ORDERED that counsel for all parties appear for an initial status conference on
December 16, 2016 at 11 :30 a.m. in Courtroom 1506 of the U.S. District Court for the Southern
District of New York, 40 Foley Square, New York, New York.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, by December 9, 2016, the parties submit a joint letter,
not to exceed five (5) pages, providing the following information in separate paragraphs:
1. A brief description of the nature of the action and the principal defenses
thereto;
2. A brief explanation of why jurisdiction and venue lie in this Court. If any
party is a corporation, the letter shall state both the place of incorporation
and the principal place of business. If any party is a partnership, limited
partnership, limited liability company or trust, the letter shall state the
citizenship of each of the entity's members, shareholders, partners and/or
trustees;
3. A brief description of all contemplated and/or outstanding motions;
4. A brief description of any discovery that has already taken place, and/or
that which will be necessary for the parties to engage in meaningful
settlement negotiations;
Case 1:16-cv-07673-RA Document 5 Filed 10/04/16 Page 2 of 2
5. A brief description of prior settlement discussions (without disclosing the
parties' offers or settlement positions) and the prospect of settlement;
6. The estimated length of trial; and
7. Any other information that the parties believe may assist the Court in
advancing the case to settlement or trial, including, but not limited to, a
description of any dispositive issue or novel issue raised by the case.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, by December 9, 2016, the parties jointly submit to the
Court a proposed case management plan and scheduling order. A template for the order is
available at http://nysd.uscourts.gov/judge/Abrams. The status letter and the proposed case
management plan should be filed electronically on ECF, consistent with Section 13 .1 of the
Court's Electronic Case Filing (ECF) Rules & Instructions, available at
http://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/ecf/ecf _rules_ 080113 .pdf.
Plaintiff is ordered to serve Defendants with a copy of this order and to file an affidavit
on ECF certifying that such service has been effectuated.
SO ORDERED.
Dated: October 4, 2016
New York, New York
ll
Ifoilllie Abrams
United States District Judge
2
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030956.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com] 
Sent: 5/5/2018 5:46:34 AM 
To: Steve Bannon 
Subject: Re: Trump Is Said to Know of Stormy Daniels Payment Months Before He Denied It - The New York Times 
Good catch and yes 
On Fri, May 4, 2018 at 10:09 PM Steve Bannon < 
wrote: 
https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/05/04/us/politics/trump-hush-payment-stormy-
daniels.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage  
please note 
The information contained in this communication is 
confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may 
constitute inside information, and is intended only for 
the use of the addressee. It is the property of 
JEE 
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this 
communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited 
and may be unlawful. If you have received this 
communication in error, please notify us immediately by 
return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, and 
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, 
including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 030956 
"
IMAGES-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011317.txt,"10

id.

12

13

14

L5

16

ne)

18

life)

20

21

22

23

24

25

14
H3VOGIU1

regularly with Mr. Epstein to other places.

So again, we didn't get to depose him as an expert in

this matter. We didn't know that he was going to be called as

an expert. They're saying he's a lay opinion because he's a
private investigator, your Honor. The case law says otherwise.
He's been certified as an expert in these exact kind of cases.

We put those in our brief. So your Honor, he is really a wolf
in sheep's clothing. They're trying to put him on as a lay
opinion when he's really an expert witness in this case with

sufficient and sophisticated knowledge, that the jury will

recognize him as someone who has expertise in this area so,
your Honor, we believe he should be precluded from testifying.

He has no personal knowledge, it's simply his reliance, as we

understand it, on the one FOIA response letter.

So your Honor, with respect to the FOIA response

letter that's at issue that they are going to try to get into

vidence, we've put forth in our papers, again, that's a

hearsay document. It's highly prejudicial under 403. They say

that it meets self-authentication, but unlike the documents

that we showed, for example the 302 that have the seal on it,
it has none of those qualifications.

They cite to two cases, the Zamara case and the Gary

case. Both of those involve getting into evidence underlying
records that were produced by the government, not a FOIA

letter. So what they're trying to produce is a letter that

SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_011317
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016289.txt,"Jaan Tallinn grew up in Estonia, becoming one of its few computer game developers,
when that nation was still a Soviet Socialist Republic. Here he compares the dissidents
who brought down the Iron Curtain to the dissidents who are sounding the alarm about
rapid advances in artificial intelligence. He locates the roots of the current AI
dissidence, paradoxically, among such pioneers of the AI field as Wiener, Alan Turing,
and I. J. Good.

Jaan’s preoccupation is with existential risk, AI being among the most extreme of
many. In 2012, he co-founded the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk—an
interdisciplinary research institute that works to mitigate risks “associated with
emerging technologies and human activity” —at the University of Cambridge, along with
Philosopher Huw Price and Martin Rees, the Astronomer Royal.

He once described himself to me as “a convinced consequentialist” —convinced
enough to have given away much of his entrepreneurial wealth to the Future of Life
Institute (of which he is a co-founder), the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, and
other such organizations working on risk reduction. Max Tegmark has written about
him: “Tf you’re an intelligent life-form reading this text millions of years from now and
marveling at how life is flourishing, you may owe your existence to Jaan.”

On a recent visit to London, Jaan and I participated on an AI panel for the
Serpentine Gallery’s Marathon at London’s City Hall, under the aegis of Hans Ulrich
Obrist (another contributor to this volume). This being the art world, there was a
glamorous dinner party that night in a mansion filled with London’s beautiful people—
artists, fashion models, oligarchs, stars of stage and screen. After working the room in
his unaffected manner (“Hi, I’m Jaan”), he suddenly said, “Time for hip-hop dancing,”
dropped to the floor on one hand, and began demonstrating his spectacular moves to the
bemused A-listers. Then off he went into the dance-club subculture, which is apparently
how he ends every evening when he’s on the road. Who knew?

69

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016289
"
IMAGES-005-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020174.txt,"Ze

real concern” for Snowden that he targeted lists of the NSA’s penetrations in China. This
expansion of the whistle-blowing concept to adversaries was echoed by Russian President
Vladimir Putin. He complimented Snowden for having “uncovered illegal acts by the United
States around the globe,” Putin’s view implies a convenient global concept of whistle-blowing
that justified breaking US laws.

Even so, this whistle-blower interpretation of Snowden’s act has had immense international
resonance in the media. The Washington Post and Britain's Guardian, the newspapers that
initially published the purloined documents, won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize. The journalists, who
assisted Snowden in this enterprise, including Greenwald and Poitras, were awarded the 2014
Polk Award for national-security reporting. Former Congressman Ron Paul organized a clemency
petition in February for Snowden, stating: ""Thanks to one man's courageous actions, Americans
know about the truly egregious ways their government is spying on them,"" and his son, Senator
Rand Paul, who was a candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination in 2016, calling for a
Presidential pardon for Snowden.

Senator Paul’s concern fitted with the growing public apprehension over increasing intrusion
on its privacy. Snowden was correct, in my opinion, in describing the threat of a surveillance
state and the loss of privacy is certainly a legitimate public concern. “We actually buy cell phones
that are the equivalent of a network microphone that we carry around in our pockets voluntarily,”
he pointed out from Moscow.

Snowden is correct that the technology involved in the electronic equipment we all use in the
21* century has made mass surveillance part of our daily life. There can be little doubt that our
privacy has been largely eroded, if not entirely negated, by the widespread use of cell phones,
credit cards, social media and the search engines of the Internet. When we use smart phones, as
most Americans do today, our location is relayed to our telephone service provider every three
seconds. The phone companies collect and archive our phone usage “metadata,” which includes
whom we called and how long we spoke. When we use Google to search for anyone or anything
on the Internet, that activity is captured by Google, a company whose profits mainly come from
making available to advertisers the results of its surveillance and collection of its users’ searches.
When we use Gmail, the Google’s email service used by nearly one-billion senders and recipients,
we agree to allow Google to read the actual contents of our correspondence to find keywords in
them of interest to advertisers. When we use a credit card, the credit card company also retains
data about what we buy and where we go. When we travel in automobiles equipped with GPS,
every turn and stop is tracked and recorded. And when we are in public places with CCTV
cameras, our image is recorded and archived. When we use Facebook, Twitter, and other so-
called social media, as over two billion people do today, we allow these companies to collect,
retain and exploit its surveillance of our movements, associations with other people, and stated
preferences. When we use Amazon and other on-line stores, we allow them to track and archive
a great deal of our commercial activity. For Internet companies, such as Facebook, Twitter,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020174
"
IMAGES-002-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013960.txt,"e » [wo hours daily of private Spanish lessons in Buenos Aires, fives
times per week: $5 U.S. per hour x 40 hours per month = $200
U.S. per month

e > Iwo hours daily of private tango lessons with two world-class
professional dancers: $8.33 U.S. per hour x 40 hours per month =
$333.20 U.S. per month

e» Four hours daily of top-tier German-language instruction in
Nollendorfplatz, Berlin: $175 U.S. per month, which would have
paid for itself even if I had not attended classes, as the student ID
card entitled me to over 40% discounts on all transportation

e » Six hours per week of mixed martial arts (MMA) training at the
top Berlin academy: free in exchange for tutoring in English two
hours per week

Transportation

e+ Monthly subway pass and daily cab rides to and from tango
lessons in Buenos Aires: $75 U.S. per month

e+» Monthly subway, tram, and bus pass in Berlin with student
discount: $85 U.S. per month

Four-Week Total for Luxury Living

e - Buenos Aires: $1533.20 , including round-trip airfare from JFK,
with a one-month stopover in Panama. Nearly one-third of this
total is from the daily one-on-one instruction from world-class
teachers in Spanish and Tango.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013960
"
IMAGES-004-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017391.txt,"4.2.12
WC: 191694

not such thing—defraud or deceive the PTL Partners! That was the last day the Texas
firm worked as part of our legal team.

We waited several months for the decision. Finally, it was released. The Court of Appeals ruled
that the conviction was valid but the 45 year sentence was not. In vacating the sentence, the
court established a powerful precedent against a judge using his own religious beliefs as a factor
in determining the degree of punishment. This is what they said about the role of religion in
sentencing:

Courts have held that sentences imposed on the basis of impermissible considerations,
such as a defendant's race or national origin, violate due process. [W]e believe that similar
principles apply when a judge impermissibly takes his own religious characteristics into
account in sentencing.

Courts... cannot sanction sentencing procedures that create the perception of the bench as
a pulpit from which judges announce their personal sense of religiosity and simultaneously
punish defendants for offending it. Whether or not the trial judge has a religion is
irrelevant for purposes of sentencing. Regrettably, we are left with the apprehension that
the imposition of a lengthy prison term here may have reflected the fact that the court's
own sense of religious propriety had somehow been betrayed.

The court vacated the sentence “with genuine reluctance” because they believed Bakker was
indeed guilty:

Yet, the fact remains that this case involves the explicit intrusion of personal religious
principles as the basis of a sentencing decision. [O]ur review of the sentencing transcript
reveals comments that are, in the end, too intemperate to be ignored. Because an
impermissible consideration was injected into the sentencing process, we must remand the
case [to a] different district judge to ensure that the ends of due process are achieved.

This was precisely the result we asked for: resentencing by a judge other that Maximum Bob,
who surely would have imposed the same sentence without referring to his religion. The new
judge eventually reduced the sentence to 8 years and Bakker was released after serving 4.5
years—quite a reduction from the 45 years originally imposed by Maximum Bob.

Following our victory in the Jim Bakker sentencing appeal, Tammy Faye Bakker declared the
judicial ruling “a great victory for Christianity.” I responded that “the fact that a Jewish lawyer
helped bring that about must show that it was a great victory for all Americans.” The New York
Times reported further on her reaction to our victory.

Tammy Faye Bakker says Mr. Dershowitz has singlehandedly restored her faith in
lawyers. ""Jim and J are really sold on him and think he's the greatest,"" she said. ""He
certainly is worthy of every penny he makes."" (In fact, his bill was $20,000, contributed
largely by the Bakkers' backers.)

304

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017391
"
IMAGES-012-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032931.txt,"From: jeffrey E. [jeevacation@gmail.com]
Sent: 11/20/2016 11:00:34 PM
To: Lesley Groff
Subject: Fwd:

---------- Forwarded message
From: Ken Starr

Date: Sun, Nov 20, 2016 at 6:54 PM
Subject: Re:

To: ""jeffrey E."" <jeevacation@gmail.com>

Jeffrey, sensational! I'll be there with bells ringing. High noon ok?
Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 20, 2016, at 12:53 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

great great anytime at your convenience or you can come to the house ,

On Sun, Nov 20, 2016 at 2:52 PM, Ken Starr qq wrote:

Fabulous! May I buy you lunch?

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 11:32 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
I'll be there wed

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 11:11 PM Ken Starr wrote:
And to you as well. We'll be at the Breakers en famille as of Tuesday evening.. Any chance to see you in
the Sunshine State?

Hugs, Ken

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 7:48 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:
hope thanksgiving is peaceful . miss talking to you

On Sat, Nov 19, 2016 at 8:36 PM, Ken Starr rote:
Greetings! Just got my hands on the itinerary. Alas, no St. Thomas. Back to the drawing board.

Hope you're well. Best, Ken

Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 10, 2016, at 4:46 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@gmail.com> wrote:

are you going to stop in st thomas on your cruise?

On Thu, Nov 10, 2016 at 11:46 PM, Ken Starr wrote:

Darn. On a cruise in the aforementioned Caribbean that week. Weekly Standard post-election
cruise. Bad timing on our part.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_032931
"
IMAGES-003-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015780.txt,"90 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

evolved for different purposes. As languages differ in their construction
they co-opt different bits of the brain. It is possible to see this using brain
imaging.

Dyslexics - and I am one — have difficulty in translating between
the realm of conceptual thought and written script. This translation is
subtly different for each language. Chinese speakers use their motor
cortex to process characters. Young children write out the characters
over and over, to memorize them, so the ‘muscle’ memory is highly
involved. French and Spanish children use the audio pathways, as most
of their language is phonetic, the motor part of writing is then an add-
on and does not process meaning. English children must use portions
of their visual cortex to process the meaning of words, as many words
have spelling quirks that have nothing to do with the sound of the words.
Some studies even suggest a child dyslexic in one language, because, for
example, their audio pathway is impaired, might not suffer the condition
in another language that relied on a visual or motor skill.

Can Objects Communicate?

The process of communication has many components, starting with
something capable of communicating. Communication usually -
perhaps always — is something that occurs between sentient beings. I
don't think of my computer as communicating with me, but rather think
of it as a medium for communication or a dumb machine. But colloquial
language around the subject is a little muddled. We all agree a lighthouse
does not communicate, even though it can signal danger, but what do
we mean when we say, “That song really spoke to me.” No one believes
the song is actually communicating, but some kind of communication
was made nonetheless. When we talk of communication do we mean the
agent or the message?

Stories

Humans enjoy communicating; we create works of art, music and
literature that transcend simple analysis. The COIN dynamic slide,
which we saw earlier detailing the strategic situation in Afghanistan,
would probably have been better communicated with a story. Humans,
unlike computers, do not cope well with large quantities of unrelated
information, and studies of memory and comprehension show we

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015780
"
TEXT-001-HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024923.txt,"From: 
Sent: 5/15/2019 12:17:32 AM 
To: George Krassner [ 
Rebecca Risman 
Subject: rather long and a few typos 
paul krassner ________________________________________ 
•; nick kazan [ 
; Linda W. Grossman 
REMEMBERING CAVALIER MAGAZINE 
]; Mrisman02 
1 
LAUNCHING A MAGAZINE 
My friend Michael Simmons, who has been the editor of National Lampoon and High 
Times, observes that cavalier hired fine scribes. A few examples: Thomas Pynchon, Philip Roth, 
William Saroyman, Isaac Asimov, Theodore Sturgeon. Cavalier was launched by Fawcett 
Publications in 1952. 
Men's magazine Cavalier (motto: ""For the American Male"") was published the year 
before Playboy to whom it has often been compared, and back in the day tried to be seen as 
slightly hipper, more youthful and considered a bit more clever than its big name rival. Almost 
an anti-establishment Playboy. A slogan stated: ""Your dad bought Playboy, you 
bought Cavalier."" 
I BECAME A COLUMNIST 
I was invited to write a column, named ""The Naked Emperor,"" for Cavalier, that was beginning 
to publish underground writers and artists. They paid me $1,000 a month. My first column was a 
report on an auction of two-inch squares from the hotel bedsheets slept on by the Beatles during 
their first trip to America. 
There were 300 screaming young girls, off on a fetishist's holiday. Obviously, there wouldn't be 
enough items to go around, but it was announced that the Beatles' unwashed towels and bed 
linens were to be cut into two-inch squares and sold for $1 each. The price included a notarized 
statement of authenticity. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024923 
My second column was about Lenny Bruce___titled ""Lenny the Lawyer,"" since he defended 
himself in trials He was arrested for obscene performances only because there were no blasphemy 
laws. I went to the bank and deposited my check, withdrawing half of it in cash, a $500 bill. 
Lenny was alone in his hotel room on Christmas Day when I presented it to him. And, with a 
large safety pin, Lenny attached the $500 bill to the outside breast pocket of his denim dungaree 
j acket. 
AFTER JFK ASSASSINATION 
In another column of mine, ""Jack Ruby and His Dirty Little Secret,"" it began, ""Lenny Bruce 
told me how all the night club comics used to Jack Ruby's ""tattoo of a lady's schmutzik (translate: 
pussy) in his armpit."" If it wasn't a fact, I was quite willing to settle for an apocryphal allusion 
which nevertheless crystallized the entire personality of that alleged murderer who wanted so 
very much to be liked. 
I say alleged because upon Ruby's own death. Dallas District Attorney Henry Wade said he 
would dismiss the murder charge against him, a promise which has since been kept, although no 
such posthumous grace was ever officially bestowed on Lee Harvey Oswald. See, they grant you 
retroactive innocence only in the face of innumerable witnesses who were present at the actual 
event through the miracle of inadvertent televised coverage. 
Now Jack Ruby's dirty little secret has been forever sealed away in his armpit by the hymen of 
history. Oh yeah, and at Lenny's funeral, that safety pin was still attached on his jacket. 
JULES SIEGEL 
Two years before Lenny's death, with his permission I published his obituary in my own 
magazine, The Realist. Before the issue went to press, he called his mother and a few others to 
let them know it would only be a hoax. The point was that he couldn't get work and his work was 
his life so he might as well be dead. And if people regretted that they hadn't helped him, well, 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024924 
now they could have a second chance because he was still alive. The obituary evoked inquiries 
from newspapers, wire services, foreign publications, radio and TV. 
""What's the meaning of it?"" one editor asked me. ""There's a lot of excitement at the city 
desk."" 
""That is the meaning of it."" 
A few years later, without my permission, Jules Siegel, the editor of a short-lived 
magazine, Cheetah, published a fake obituary of me. I thought it was funny. An Associated Press 
reporter called, and I explained that it was a hoax. 
""Are you sure?"" he asked. 
""Of course. I would tell you if I was dead."" 
Siegel started writing for cavalier. His first assignment was a profile of Sterling Hayden, an actor 
best known in Dr, Stranglove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. 
Journalist Adam Ellsworth described Siegel's ""Goodbye Surfing, Hello God"" with his most 
famous example of rock journalism, but his most revolutionary was his article, ""The Big Beat."" 
It appeared in the Playboy-esque Cavalier magazine in 1965 and was one of the earliest writings 
he'd ever seen on the development of rock and roll, from slaves singing in chains on their way to 
America to Bob Dylan ""going electric"" at the Newport Folk Festival. 
Then Jules' friend, Arthur Kretchmer, became Cavalier's managing editor. ""When the editorial 
director later resigned,"" Kretchmer said, ""there was a 24-hour hiatus before the new editor 
arrived."" Siegel and Kretchmer had been discussing the possibility of publishing an issue on rock 
and roll, so to make it happen, Kretchmer went into the office at night and retyped the magazine's 
schedule to include their ideas. 
When the new editorial started, Kretchmer handed him the schedules and said, ""Here's what 
we're working on."" The new editorial director suspected nothing and the rock and roll issue went 
ahead. Once the laughter died down, Jules talked for a good 25 minutes about 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024925 
some of the ups and downs of his writing career and how hard it is to make a 
living as any kind of a writer, let alone a ""rock journalist."" and the people who 
created it, seriously. 
Now everybody writes about rock and roll that way. Jules was one of the 
people who did it first. ""Goodbye Surfing, Hello God!"" is Jules's most famous 
example of rock journalism, but I think his most revolutionary is his article 
""The Big Beat."" It appeared in the Playboy-esque Cavalier magazine in 1965 
and is one of the earliest writings I've ever seen on the development of rock 
and roll, from slaves singing in chains on their way to America to Bob Dylan 
""going electric"" at the Newport Folk Festival. 
Jules Siegel died of a heart attack on November 17, 2012 at the age of 77. 
He was a brilliant author, but neither Rolling Stone nor the New York 
Times honored him with an obituary. Not even a fake one. 
COMIC STRIPS 
Art Spiegelman tells me his work at Cavalier 50 years ago: 
I was first invited into the mag to do two full-color comix pages in 1969 (when being printed in color 
was a Very Big Deal for me as was Getting Paid more than 25 bucks for a drawing), somehow in 
proximity to a big article on underground comix. It was around the time Vaughn Bode was made a 
regular contributor to the magazine, They were running some Crumb ""Fritz the Cat"" pages. All thanx 
to their hip, laid back and kind editor, Alan LeMond. 
I also did some gag cartoons, short strips and occasional illustrations for Cavalier (one especially 
bad drawing for a story by Bruce Jay Friedman, I recall). My work in 1969, as an apprentice 
underground cartoonist taking too many drugs was really, really awful so I'm grateful for the editor's 
hip and laid-back kindness. But, hey, I was proud to be in a mag that published pieces by Pynchon, 
Manny Farber and you. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024926 
By the time I'd gotten incrementally better as a cartoonist in the first half of the 1970s I was regularly 
doing illustrations for soft-core fiction stories in Cavalier's low-rent sister 
mags, Dude, Gent and Nugget (even wrote a story or two there and got several of my San Francisco 
comix cronies (Spain Rodriguez, Bill Griffith and Justin Greene) illustration gigs with Alan for those 
mags as well. 
I was first invited into the mag to do two full-color comix pages in 1969 (when being printed in color 
was a Very Big Deal for me as was Getting Paid more than 25 bucks for a drawing), somehow in 
proximity to a big article on underground comix. They were running some Crumb ""Fritz the Cat"" 
pages. All thanx to their hip, laid back and kind editor LeMond. I also did some gag cartoons, short 
strips and occasional illustrations for Cavalier (one especially bad drawing for a story by Bruce Jay 
Friedman). 
My work in 1969, as an apprentice underground cartoonist taking too many drugs was really, really 
awful so I'm grateful for the editor's hip and laid-back kindness. By the time I'd gotten incrementally 
better as a cartoonist in the first half of the 1970s I was regularly doing illustrations for soft-core 
fiction stories, even wrote a story or two there and got several of my S.F. comix cronies (Spain 
Rodriguez, Bill Griffith and Justin Greene) illustration gigs with Alan for those mags as well. 
[Note in Wikipedia: Maus is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, 
serialized from 1980 to 1991. It depicts Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences 
as a Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor. The work employs postmodemist techniques and 
represents Jews as mice, Germans as cats, and Poles as pigs. In 1992, Maus won a Pulitzer Prize.] 
COMIING AND GOING 
I wrote some movie reviews for Cavalier. I recall that Midnight Cowboy was 50 years ago. I 
always went to two screenings. The first one I would go stoned with magic mushrooms. The 
second one I took notes. However, I got fired by Cavalier. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024927 
They declined to publish a particular column--my review of MASH as though it were a Busby 
Berkeley musical called Gook Killers of 1970-- ostensibly on the grounds of bad taste, but I 
learned that three wholesalers had told the publisher they were pressured by the FBI and would 
refuse to distribute Cavalier if my name appeared in it. 
On top of that, my name was on a list of sixty-five ""radical"" campus speakers, released by the 
House Internal Security Committee. The blacklist was published in the New York Times, and 
picked up by newspapers across the country. It might have been a coincidence, but my campus-
speaking engagement-bookings stopped abruptly. It felt just like a film. 
OH, WELL 
It was over for me, but it had been fun___like the issue with only the one large red headline 
on the Cavalier cover: ""BEAT 'EM SENSELESS FIRST""___THE FREE SPEECH 
CONTROVERSY, BY PAUL KRASSNER . . . ""Ironically,"" I wrote, ""it is this concept of the 
total education experience on campus which I believe to be the basic significance of the much-
misunderstood free-speech imbroglio at the University of California in Berkeley."" 
The sit-in lasted till 3 a.m. Next day, October 1, 1964, ten tables were manned again, and 
a campus policeman approached one of the tables (manned by the Congress of Racial Equality) 
where a dozen persons were seated. One was singled out and placed under arrest. But before you 
could say nonviolent demonstration, the police car was surrounded, its captors reaching as many 
as 3,000 students. During the late evening, bored fraternity men gathered and tossed lighted 
cigarettes and eggs on those sitting in the plaza. The demonstrators responded with silence. 
Next day, 450 police assembled on campus to remove the cop car and its arrested inhabitant, 
but an agreement to negotiate was reached and the demonstrators dispersed. One of the folk songs 
to come out of the Free Speech Movement incidentally, was If I Negotiate With You, to the tune 
of the Beatles' If IFell in Love With You. 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024928 
Over the next couple of months there was a series of sit-ins and attempted negotiations, and 
then, on December 2, the infamous Sproul Hall sit-in. It took twelve hours for 800 students to be 
arrested by some 600 instructors of a new course called Introductory Police Brutality. These were 
from the lab notes student took. 
There was a freshman co-ed at Berkeley who___long after she had forgotten what some 
professor spouted during an official lecture about Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment___would 
remember, with perhaps a twinge of frightened pride, learning from a fellow demonstrator that if 
she planned to go limp when the police arrested her, it would be an act of practical feminine 
foresight to remove the earrings from her pierced lobes in advance. 
So, now in 2019, fighting over free speech has been happening heavily at Berkeley campus again. 
Meanwhile, Trump grabbed a pussy on the Statue of Liberty. Cavalier, anyone? 
HOUSE OVERSIGHT 024929 
"
